Overview
Helan Xiang was a Grand Marshal and Duke of Liang.
IdentityHistorical · Male
Found inBook of Zhou
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Shengle | 盛樂 | Shengle |
| Posthumous name | Jing | 景 | Jing |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 564 保定四年Age Value: 48 · Reckoning: SuiDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passages 157-159
Age
- 11Event orphanedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 74
- 17Event first-officeDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 78
- 48AD 564 保定四年 · Reckoning Sui · Point deathDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 159
Attested activity
- AD 548 十四年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passages 94-95
- AD 550 十六年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 111
- AD 553 魏廢帝二年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 114
- AD 543 九年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 93
- AD 564 保定四年Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passages 157-159
- AD 557 元年Directly stated · Book of Zhou 3, passages 125, 154-155
Show 10 more source-backed claims
- AD 542 八年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 92
- AD 556 六官建Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 117
- AD 538 四年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 91
- AD 537 大統三年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 86
- AD 534 太祖初入關Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 77
- AD 557 孝閔帝踐祚Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 118
- AD 559 庚戌Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 4, passage 82
- AD 559 武成初Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 121
- AD 554 to AD 564 西部戰後、保定四年薨以前（江陵定後）Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passages 151-152, 154-156
- AD 560 辛未Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 4, passage 132
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Descendant of Gefuzhe (紇伏者)ancestor 其先Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 69
- Kin of Yuwen Tai (周文帝)close kinsman 密戚Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 104
- Kin of Yuwen Hu (宇文護)cross-cousins 中表Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 119
- Child of He Lan Chuzhen (賀蘭初真)father 父Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passages 71, 74
- Child of Princess Jian'an the Long (建安長公主)mother 母 · maternal lineStrongly inferred · Book of Zhou 20, passages 72, 74
- Parent of He Lan Kuan (賀蘭寬)son 子Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 162
- Parent of He Lan Rang (賀蘭讓)son 子Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 162
- Parent of He Lan Shi (賀蘭師)son 子Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 162
- Parent of He Lan Can (賀蘭璨)son 子Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 162
- Parent of He Lan Jing (賀蘭敬)son 子Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 162
- Sibling of He Lan Long (賀蘭隆)younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblingsDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 170
- Kinship Role sons · Count 7Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 162
Key source chapters
Origins and identity
- forebears rose with Wei; surname from ancestor Gefuzhe as Helan mohefuDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 69
Career and standing
- acting governor of Hua 行華州事AD 553 魏廢帝二年 · Acted as · At Hua Province 華州Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 114
- acting governor of Jing Province 行荊州事AD 548 先是 · Acted asDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 95
- Attendant-in-ordinary 侍中AD 543 九年 · AddedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 93
- Bearer of the Staff 使持節AD 538 四年 · AddedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 91
- Grand Commander 大都督AD 538 四年 · AddedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 91
- Bearer of the Staff 持節AddedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 87
Show 36 more source-backed claims
- General of Awesome Might 威烈將軍AddedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 78
- General who Captures the Enemy 征虜將軍AddedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 87
- Grand General of Swift Cavalry 騖騎大將軍AD 543 九年 · AdvancedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 93
- commander of military affairs in twelve provinces (Three Jing, South Xiang, South Yong, Ping, Xin, Jiang, Sui, the two Ying, and Xi) 都督三荊南襄南雍平信江隨二郢淅十二州諸軍事AD 548 十四年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 94
- governor of Jing 荊州刺史AD 548 十四年 · Appointed · At Jing Province 荊州Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 94
- grand general 大將軍AD 550 十六年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 111
- Pillar of State 柱國AD 557 元年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 3, passage 155
- Grand Marshal 大司馬AD 557 元年二月甲午 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 3, passage 79
- Attendant of Scattered Cavalry 散騎常侍AD 542 八年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 92
- Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry 車騎大將軍AD 542 八年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 92
- junior minister of war 小司馬AD 556 六官建 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 117
- left vice director of the Masters of Writing 尚書左僕射AD 553 尋拜尚書左僕射 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 116
- governor of Tong 同州刺史AD 553 後改華州為同州 · Appointed · At Tong Province 同州Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 115
- Commander 都督AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 80
- General who Garrisons the West 鎮西將軍AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 90
- Left and Right Direct Captain 左右直長AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 85
- Right Guard General 右衛將軍AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 87
- Supernumerary Attendant at Court 奉朝請First appointedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 78
- governor of Tong 同州刺史AD 564 保定四年 · Posthumously awardedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 160
- grand tutor 太師AD 564 保定四年 · Posthumously awardedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 160
- military affairs of twelve provinces including Tong and Qi 同岐等十二州諸軍事AD 564 保定四年 · Posthumously awardedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 160
- governor of Jing 荊州刺史AD 548 十四年 · RecalledDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 110
- grand minister of war 大司馬AD 557 孝閔帝踐祚 · TransferredDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 118
- Duke of Liang 涼國公AD 554 to AD 564 西部戰後、保定四年薨以前（江陵定後） · Advanced · Households 10000Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 156
- duke 公AdvancedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 85
- Baron of Fuyi county 撫夷縣伯GrantedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 82
- fief increase of 800 households 增邑八百戶IncreasedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 89
- pillar of state 柱國AD 557 孝閔帝踐祚 · AdvancedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 118
- Opening-office equal to the Three Dukes 開府儀同三司AD 543 九年 · GrantedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 93
- Equal to the Three Dukes 儀同三司AD 542 八年 · GrantedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 92
- upper pillar of state 上柱國Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 171
- bearer of the staff 使持節AD 564 保定四年 · Posthumously awardedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 160
- posthumous title Jing 諡景AD 564 保定四年 · Posthumously awardedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 161
- Duke of Boling commandery 博陵郡公AD 548 十四年 · AdvancedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 94
- Duke of Liang 涼國公AD 560 辛未 · AdvancedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 4, passage 132
- Duke of Liang 涼國公HeldDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 156
Places and affiliations
- AD 548 十四年Polity Western Wei 魏 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Book of Zhou 20, passages 94, 114
- AD 557 孝閔帝踐祚Polity Northern Zhou 周 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Book of Zhou 20, passages 118, 126
- Polity Northern Zhou 北周 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Book of Zhou 20, passages 156-157
- Polity Western Wei 西魏 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passages 86, 91
- At Wuchuan 武川Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 70
- AD 548 十四年At Jing Province 荊州 · Relation Posted toDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passages 94-95
Show 6 more source-backed claims
- AD 553 魏廢帝二年At Hua Province 華州 · Relation Posted toDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 114
- AD 534 太祖初入關At Jinyang 晉陽 · Relation ResidedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 77
- AD 553 後改華州為同州At Tong Province 同州 · Relation Posted toDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 115
- AD 554 to AD 564 西部戰後、保定四年薨以前（江陵定後）At Taozhou 洮州 · Relation Established jurisdictionDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 154
- At maternal uncle's household 舅氏 · Relation Raised inDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 75
- AD 556 六官建Organization Six Offices 六官 · Relation Appointed underDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 117
Learning and skills
- taught the classics and histories by gathered Confucian scholars even amid army lifeDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 76
Works and attributed material
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressee local magistrates and commandantsDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 100
- Proclamation · Commissioner · Direct quotation · Addressee Polity Tuyuhun 吐谷渾Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passages 122-150
Events and relationships
- Accepted no public or private gifts while Liang relations were friendlyAD 548 十四年 · Diplomatic · Recipient · Negated falseDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 106
- Accepted Xiao Cha's gifts but turned them over to the proper officeDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 108
- Attacked Tong Pass and capturedDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 83
- Campaign against TuyuhunAD 559 庚戌 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 4, passage 82
- Captured cityMilitary · Attacker · At Huiluo 回洛城Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 84
- Captured rampartDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 86
Show 21 more source-backed claims
- Captured Taoyang and HongheAD 559 武成元年 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 4, passage 106
- CapturedAD 554 to AD 564 西部戰後、保定四年薨以前（江陵定後） · Military · Commander · At Taoyang and Honghe 洮陽、洪和Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passages 152, 154
- DefeatedAD 554 to AD 564 西部戰後、保定四年薨以前（江陵定後） · Military · Commander · With Prince Guangding (廣定王), Prince Zhongliu (鐘留王) · At Tuyuhun lands 吐渾Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 151
- Forced abdicationDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 3, passage 125
- Fought at HeqiaoAD 538 四年 · Military · Troop leader · At Heqiao 河橋Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 91
- Fought Eastern WeiDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 93
- Had a hand in the execution of Zhao Gui and the deposition of Emperor XiaominDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 120
- Helped pacifyDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 81
- Observed mourning properlyRitual · MournerDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 74
- Ordered by edict with Yuwen Gui to command troops against Tuyuhun after they invaded Liang ProvinceDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 121
- Ordered collection and reburial of exposed bones from robbed ancient tombs; soaking rain fell the same day; bumper harvest that year; grave robbing custom ceasedAD 548 十四年 · Ritual · OrdererDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passages 101-103
- Ordered to guard capitalAD 537 沙苑之役 · Military · Capital garrison · At Shayuan 沙苑Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 88
- Pacified and returnedAD 554 to AD 564 西部戰後、保定四年薨以前（江陵定後） · Military · Commander · At western lands 西土Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 155
- Personally toured jurisdiction during severe summer drought to observe gains and losses of governmentAD 548 十四年 · Inspection · GovernorDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 99
- Repaired and built the Fuping weir, opened a canal, and sent water east into the Luo; the people benefitedAD 550 to AD 553 十六年 · Engineering · Director · At Fuping weir / Jing and Wei irrigation 富平堰、涇渭溉灌之處 · With Yuwen Tai (周文帝)Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passages 112-113
- Returned to JingAD 548 十四年 · Administrative · Governor · Outcome People reassured; refugees south of the Han arrived by the thousand daily; nearby and distant tribes submittedDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passages 95-98
- Welcomed westDated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 81
- Relation Close friend of · Person Yuwen Hu (宇文護) · close from youthDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 119
- Relation Consulted by · Person Yuwen Hu (宇文護) · Yuwen Hu consulted him on military and state affairsDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 119
- Relation Companion of · Person Yuwen Hu (宇文護)Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 77
- Relation Old associate of · Person Emperor Wen of Sui (隋文帝)Directly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 171
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment benevolent administration in Jing, though in office less than a month · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 95
- Assessment especially cherished by Yuwen Tai · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 75
- Assessment from youth had courage and aimed to win distinction · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 79
- Assessment Jing, Rang, Can, Shi, and Kuan among his sons were well known · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 162
- Assessment kinsman of weighty repute, both civil and martial; received sacrificial meat in the ancestral temple and opened the way as commander-in-chief · Mode quoted-speechDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 138
- Assessment very plain and austere in nature despite close kinship with the Grand Progenitor · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 104
Show 2 more source-backed claims
- AD 548 十四年Item bamboo screens, fine hemp cloth, and classics and histories 竹屏風、絺綌之屬及經史 · Relation Received · With Xiao Cha (蕭詧)Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passages 107-108
- AD 548 十四年Dated from the passage context · Book of Zhou 20, passage 109
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Book of Zhou 20, passage 94
References in the histories
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