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Overview Names Identity Roles Life and dates Family Works and attributed material Events and relationships References in the histories
Overview The translated histories identify Hongwu Emperor as a ruler. This record brings together 21 passages from 1 chapter across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names Type English Chinese Pinyin
Personal
Hongwu Emperor
太祖
Taizu
Title
High Emperor
高皇帝
Title
Hongwu
洪武
Hongwu
Title
Prince of Wu
吳王
Temple name
Taizu
太祖
Taizu
Identity
Historicity Historical
Identification Named
Sex Male Life and dates Attested activity Source Date: Text: 吳元年Western Year: AD 1367
Source Date: Text: 洪武二十五年Western Year: AD 1392
Source Date: Text: 洪武二十四年八月Western Year: AD 1391
Source Date: Text: 洪武元年正月Western Year: AD 1368
Family
Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.
Sibling of Elder Brother of Hongwu (太祖兄) Kinship Term: elder brother / 兄Subject Relative Age: youngerShared Parentage: uncertain
Sibling of Elder Sister of Hongwu (太祖姊) Kinship Term: elder sister / 姊Subject Relative Age: youngerShared Parentage: uncertain
Parent of Zhu Biao (朱標) Kinship Term: eldest son / 長子Parentage: biologicalSubject Role: sonObject Role: fatherSubject Birth Order: 1Line: paternal
Spouse of Empress Gao (高皇后) Kinship Term: Empress Gao / 高皇后Union Category: primary-marriageSubject Role: husbandObject Role: wife
Works and attributed material Work: Ode on the Season's Snow / 時雪賦Relation: author
Work: Record of the Jade Diagram of the Great Foundation Hall / 大本堂玉圖記Relation: author
Kind: speechRole: speaker
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mingshi:115:s0061 References in the histories Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.
History of Ming, Chapter 115 Volume 115 Biographies 3: Emperor Xingzong Xiaokang, Emperor Ruizong Xingxian · 21 passages
興宗孝康皇帝標，太祖長子也。
Zhu Biao, posthumously honored as Emperor Xingzong Xiaokang, was Hongwu's eldest son.
太祖為吳王，立為王世子，從宋濂受經。
When Hongwu was Prince of Wu, Biao was named heir to the principality and studied the classics under Song Lian.
吳元年，年十三矣，命省臨濠墓，諭曰：「商高宗舊勞于外，周成王早聞《無逸》之訓，皆知小民疾苦，故在位勤儉，為守成令主。
In the first year of the Wu regime, when he was thirteen, he was sent to inspect the ancestral tombs at Fengyang. Hongwu instructed him: "The Shang High Ancestor once labored in the provinces; King Cheng of Zhou was taught the 'Against Idleness' early on—both understood the people's hardships, and so ruled diligently and frugally as successful heirs.
是冬從太祖觀郊壇，令左右導之農家，遍觀服食器具，又指道旁荊楚曰：「古用此為撲刑，以其能去風，雖傷不殺人。
That winter, accompanying Hongwu to the suburban sacrifice, he was led through farmhouses to see how people ate and dressed. Hongwu pointed to brambles beside the road and said: "The ancients used these for the rod because they drive off wind: they hurt but do not kill.
洪武元年正月，立為皇太子。
In the first month of Hongwu's first year he was made crown prince.
帝嘉納。
Hongwu approved the proposal.
帝以元制不足法，令詹同考歷代東宮官制，選勳德老成及新進賢者，兼領東宮官。
Hongwu rejected the Yuan precedent, had Zhan Tong study Eastern Palace institutions of past dynasties, and appointed both veteran meritorious officials and promising newcomers to dual posts in the heir apparent's establishment.
帝喜，因謂殿中侍御史郭淵友等曰：「諸生於文藝習矣，然與太子處，當端其心術，不流浮靡，庶儲德亦獲裨助。」
Hongwu was pleased and told the attendant Guo Yuanyou and others: "These students know their letters, but with the heir they must steady their minds and avoid vanity, so his stored virtue may truly gain."
帝時時賜宴賦詩，商搉古今，評論文字無虛日。
Hongwu often hosted them, composed verse, and debated texts and history day after day.
二十四年八月，敕太子巡撫陝西。
In the eighth month of the twenty-fourth year Hongwu ordered the crown prince to inspect Shaanxi.
先是，帝以應天、開封為南北京，臨濠為中都。
Earlier Hongwu had named Nanjing and Kaifeng the southern and northern capitals and Fengyang the central capital.
帝稱善。
Hongwu commended the memorial.
明年四月丙子薨，帝慟哭。
The following year, on the bingzi day of the fourth month, he died; Hongwu wept bitterly.
及當除服，帝不忍。
When mourning should have ended, Hongwu could not bring himself to do it.
有告晉王異謀者，太子為涕泣請，帝乃感悟。
When someone reported treason by the Prince of Jin, the crown prince wept and pleaded for him until Hongwu was moved.
帝初撫兄子文正、姊子李文忠及沐英等為子，高后視如己出。
Hongwu had raised his brother's son Wen Zheng, his sister's son Li Wenzhong, and Mu Ying among others as sons; Empress Gao treated them as her own.
帝或以事督過之，太子輒告高后為慰解，其仁慈天性然也。
When Hongwu rebuked them, the crown prince would ask Empress Gao to soothe them—such was his benevolent nature.
洪武四年四月冊為皇太子妃。
In the fourth month of Hongwu 4 she was made crown prince's consort.
太祖為輟朝三日。
Hongwu suspended court for three days.
初，太祖冊常妃，繼冊呂妃。
At first Hongwu invested Lady Chang as consort, then Lady Lü.
禮部尚書席書議：「高皇帝不遷祖陵，太宗不遷孝陵，蓋其慎也。
Minister of Rites Xi Shu argued: "Taizu did not relocate the ancestral mound, nor Taizong Xiaoling—such was their caution.