Jingru (敬儒) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Jingru as an aristocrat, military officer, and royal family member. This record brings together 6 passages from 1 chapter across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Jingru	敬儒	Jingru
Descriptive kinship	Father of the Fleeing Emperor	出帝父
Title	imperial uncle	皇伯
Personal name	Jingru	敬儒	Jingru
Title	Prince of Song	宋王
Title	Prince of Song	宋王	Song Wang
Descriptive kinship	the emperor’s uncle Jingru	皇伯敬儒
Descriptive kinship	The Fleeing Emperor’s father	出帝父

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:009:s0001
Sex: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0184

Roles

Aristocrat
Military Officer
Royal Family Member

Life and dates

Death

Qualifier: early death · Source Date: Text: 唐莊宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 923 · End: AD 926
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0001

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 唐莊宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 923 · End: AD 926
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0001
Source Date: Text: 天福八年五月丁亥 · Western Year: AD 943
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0052
Source Date: Text: 追封皇伯敬儒為宋王 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0182, xinwudaishi:009:s0191

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Sibling of Gaozu of Jin (晉高祖)
Kinship Term: elder brother / 兄 · Parentage: biological · Subject Relative Age: elder · Subject Role: elder-brother · Object Role: younger-brother
Parent of Shi Chonggui (石重貴)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Sibling of Gaozu (高祖)
Kinship Term: imperial uncle / 皇伯 · Shared Parentage: uncertain · Subject Relative Age: uncertain · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Child of Lady Liu (劉氏)
Kinship Term: mother / 母 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son

Career and standing

Title: Prince of Song / 宋王 · Action: posthumously enfeoffed · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 天福八年五月丁亥 · Western Year: AD 943
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0052
Title: Prince of Song / 宋王 · Action: posthumously-enfeoffed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0182, xinwudaishi:009:s0191
Title: imperial uncle / 皇伯 · Action: styled-as · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0182, xinwudaishi:009:s0184, xinwudaishi:009:s0191
Status: posthumously-ennobled-while-treated-as-subject · Action: made-subject-by-son · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0191

Places and affiliations

Label: Later Jin / 晉 · Relation: associated
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0182
Polity: Later Jin / 後晉 · Relation: associated-with
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:009:s0001

Works and attributed material

Kind: quotation · Role: subject-of-record · Statement: 追封皇伯敬儒為宋王 · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0182, xinwudaishi:009:s0191

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: true-father-concealed-as-imperial-uncle · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0184, xinwudaishi:009:s0188, xinwudaishi:009:s0191

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 9Volume 9 Later Jin Annals 2: the Emperor That Fled · 6 passages

Open chapter

出帝父敬儒，高祖兄也，為唐莊宗騎將，早卒，高祖以其子重貴為子。 The Fleeing Emperor’s father, Jingru, was Gaozu’s elder brother—a horseman under Tang’s Zhuangzong who died young. Gaozu adopted his son Chonggui.

丁亥，追封皇伯敬儒為宋王。 On dinghai the emperor’s uncle Jingru was posthumously made Prince of Song.

嗚呼，余書「封子重貴為鄭王」，又書「追封皇伯敬儒為宋王」者，豈無意哉！ Alas! When I recorded that “Chonggui was enfeoffed Prince of Zheng as a son,” and again that “the imperial uncle Jingru was posthumously made Prince of Song,” was I writing without purpose?

重貴書子可也，敬儒出帝父也，書曰皇伯者何哉？ Chonggui might properly be called “son.” Jingru was the Fleeing Emperor’s own father—so why does the text say “imperial uncle”?

晉之大臣，既違禮廢命而立之，以謂出帝為高祖子則得立，為敬儒子則不得立，於是深諱其所生而絕之，以欺天下為真高祖子也。 Jin’s chief ministers, having defied ritual and the dying command in placing him on the throne, reasoned that if the Fleeing Emperor were counted as Gaozu’s son he could reign, but not if he were Jingru’s son; so they buried his true parentage and cut it off, palming him off to the world as Gaozu’s own.

故余書曰「追封皇伯敬儒為宋王」者，以見其立不以正，而滅絕天性，臣其父而爵之，以欺天下也。 That is why I wrote “the imperial uncle Jingru was posthumously made Prince of Song”: to show that his accession was illegitimate, that he killed natural feeling, made his own father a subject while granting him a princely title, and lied to the world.