Ancient China · Ruler

King Wen of Zhou 周文王

Zhōu Wén Wáng

Attested BC 1150 - BC 1046

Passages
58
Chapters
28
Histories
13

Overview

The translated histories identify King Wen of Zhou as an aristocrat, royal family member, and ruler. This record brings together 58 passages from 28 chapters across 13 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal King Wen of Zhou 周文王 Zhōu Wén Wáng
Personal Chang
Personal name Chang Chāng
Title Earl of the West 西伯 Xī bó
Title Earl of the West, Chang 西伯昌 Xī bó Chāng
Personal Ji Wen 姬文 Jī Wén
Title King Wen 文王
Title King Wen 文王 Wen Wang
Temple King Wen 文王 Wen Wang
Personal King Wen 文王 Wen Wang
Regnal King Wen 文王 Wen Wang
Title King Wen 周文 Wen Wang
Title King Wen 文王 Wenwang
Title King Wen
Alternate King Wen Wen
Title King Wen 文王 Wen wang
Title King Wen 文王 Wén Wáng
Temple name King Wen 文王 Wén wáng
Posthumous name King Wen 文王 Wénwáng
Temple name King Wen Wén
Title King Wen 文王 Wénwáng
Personal King Wen
Title King Wen of Zhou 周文 Zhou Wen
Posthumous King Wen of Zhou 周文王 Zhou Wen Wang
Title King Wen of Zhou 周文王 Zhou Wen Wang
Title King Wen of Zhou 周文王
Title King Wen of Zhou 周文王 Zhōu Wénwáng
Temple King Wen of Zhou 周文王 Zhōu Wén Wáng
Title King Wen of Zhou 周文王 Zhōu Wén Wáng
Personal name King Wen of Zhou 周文 Zhou Wen
Personal name Wen Wen
Personal Wen Wen
Title Wen
Title Western Earl 西伯 Xibo
Title Western Earl 西伯
Title Western Earl Chang 西伯昌

Identity

Historicity
Uncertain
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Aristocrat
  • Royal Family Member
  • Ruler

Life and dates

Death

Attested activity

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

  • Parent of King Wu of Zhou (武王)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
    Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Line: paternal
    Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  • Parent of Bo Yi Kao (伯邑考)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  • Descendant of Gong Liu (公劉)
    Kinship Term: Zhou ancestral line · Line: paternal

Career and standing

Places and affiliations

Works and attributed material

Events and relationships

  • Kind: cultural · Role: elaborator · Action: elaborated-384-lines
    Explicit · shiji:127:s0063
  • Kind: legendary-rule · Role: ruler · Action: made-feudal-lords-subjects-from-hundred-li
    Explicit · shiji:076:s0046

Assessments and attributes

  • Assessment: good at supporting the elderly · Provenance: Mode: reported-reputation
    Explicit · shiji:061:s0021
  • Assessment: virtue was the model by which the four quarters were pacified and the states became trusting · Provenance: Mode: source-work · Source Work: Odes
  • Description: praised in the edict as supremely enlightened / 詔中稱為至明 · Western Year: AD 955 · Provenance: Mode: narrator

Source notes

  • Historicity: legendary
    Explicit · shiji:061:s0021
  • From: Earl of the West, Chang / 西伯昌 · To: King Wen / 文王 · Reason: posthumous-temple-style
    Explicit · shiji:061:s0022

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 36Volume 36 Biographies 28: Xing Shao · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 2Volume 1: Annals of Emperor Gaozu 2 · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 25Volume 23: Treatise on Punishment and Law · 2 passages
Book of Han, Chapter 65Volume 56: Dong Zhongshu · 5 passages
Book of Han, Chapter 67Volume 57b: Sima Xiangru · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 74Volume 64a: Yan, Zhu, Wuqiu, Zhufu, Xu, Yan, Zhong, Wang, and Jia 1 · 2 passages
Book of Han, Chapter 75Volume 64b: Yan, Zhu, Wuqiu, Zhufu, Xu, Yan, Zhong, Wang, and Jia 2 · 2 passages
Book of Han, Chapter 76Volume 65: Dongfang Shuo · 4 passages
Book of Han, Chapter 96Volume 85: Gu Yong and Du Ye · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 98Volume 87a: Yang Xiong 1 · 2 passages
Book of Han, Chapter 99Volume 87b: Yang Xiong 2 · 1 passage
History of Jin, Chapter 35Volume 35 Treatises 16: Rites 8: Consecration of Shrines to a Sages; Temple to the Warrior King Cheng of Zhou; Monarchs of Past Ages; Halls to Various Spirits in Changbai Shan, Dafang Shan, Amur River, Jia Yin Hou; Spirits of the Lu River; Spirits of Zhao Yin Shun; Spirits of Zhen an Gong, Rui Shen Gongl; Worshipping, Sacrifices, Vists, and State Ceremonies at Zhen Xian Jun Wang Temple · 4 passages
三年一祭,于仲春之月祭伏犧于陳州,神農於亳州,軒轅於坊州,少昊於兗州,顓頊於開州,高辛於歸德府,陶唐於平陽府,虞舜、夏禹、成湯於河中府,周文王、武王於京兆府。 Sacrifices were held once every three years: in mid-spring Fuxi was honored at Chen Prefecture, Shennong at Bozhou, the Yellow Emperor at Fang Prefecture, Shaohao at Yan Prefecture, Zhuanxu at Kai Prefecture, Gaoxin at Guide Prefecture, Emperor Yao at Pingyang Prefecture, Shun, Yu, and Tang at Hezhong Prefecture, and Kings Wen and Wu of Zhou at Jingzhao Prefecture.
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 115Volume 115 Book of Later Zhou 17: Shizong Annals 2 · 1 passage
Book of Liang, Chapter 4Volume 4: Emperor Jianwen · 1 passage
Book of Liang, Chapter 15Volume 15: Xie Fei; Xie Lan · 1 passage
History of Liao, Chapter 89Volume 89 Biographies 19: Yelu Shucheng, Yang Ji, Yelu Hanliu, Yang Ji, Yelu Heshang · 1 passage
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 483Volume 483 Biographies 270: Confucian Scholars 4: Kong Yinzhi Son: Xing Xie, Yu Qi Son: Chuan Duo, Guang Qi Son: Zhao Huan, Sun :Xianpei, Zeng Sun : Qing Rong, Zeng Sun : Fan Hao, Xuan Sun : Xiang Ke, Lai Sun : Ling Yi · 1 passage
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 3Annals of Yin · 10 passages
及西伯伐饑國,滅之,紂之臣祖伊聞之而咎周,恐,奔告紂曰:「天既訖我殷命,假人元龜,無敢知吉,非先王不相我後人,維王淫虐用自絕,故天棄我,不有安食,不虞知天性,不迪率典。 When the Western Earl destroyed Ji, Zuyi, a minister of Zhou, heard of it, was alarmed by the Zhou state's rise, and rushed in fear to warn King Zhou, saying, "Heaven has ended Yin's mandate; even the great tortoise cannot show good fortune. It is not that the former kings have forsaken us, but that the king's cruelty has cut us off from Heaven, so we lack peace, ignore Heaven's will, and spurn the statutes.
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 61Biographies: Biography of Bo Yi · 2 passages
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 76Biographies of Lord Pingyuan and Yu Qing · 1 passage
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 116Treatise on the Southwestern Yi People · 1 passage
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 124Biographies of Knight-errants · 1 passage
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 127Biographies of Soothsayers · 2 passages
History of Song, Chapter 107Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 · 1 passage
Book of Song, Chapter 55Volume 55 Biographies 15: Zang Dao, Xu Guang, F Long · 4 passages
New Book of Tang, Chapter 184Volume 184 Biographies 109: Ma, Yang, Lu, Lu · 3 passages
History of Yuan, Chapter 171Volume 171 Biographies 58: Liu Yin, Wu Cheng · 1 passage
Book of Zhou, Chapter 4Volume 4 Annals 4: Emperor Ming · 1 passage