Sun Dezhao (孫德昭) | 24 Histories

Overview

Sun Dezhao was a general and Official.

Life and dates

Death

AD 913 to AD 923 末帝立
In office
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 172

Attested activity

AD 900 光化三年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 135-136
AD 901 冬十月，宦者韓全誨劫昭宗幸鳳翔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 165
AD 901 天復元年正月朔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 137, 139, 143
AD 907 太祖即位
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 170-171
AD 904 昭宗東遷
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 169
AD 913 to AD 923 末帝立
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 172

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AD 902 to AD 903 梁兵圍鳳翔
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 166-168

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Sun Weizui (孫惟最)
father 父
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 128, 135

Career and standing

military commissioner of Jinghai 靜海軍節度使
AD 901 天復元年正月朔 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 143
great general of the Left Guard 左衞大將軍
AD 907 太祖即位 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 171
general of the Left Majestic Guard 左威衞上將軍
AD 904 昭宗東遷 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 169
great general of the Left Golden Crow Guard 左金吾大將軍
AD 913 to AD 923 末帝立 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 172
acting governor of Tong 同州留後
AD 902 to AD 903 梁兵圍鳳翔 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 167
Two Streets disposition commissioner 兩街制置使
AD 902 to AD 903 梁兵圍鳳翔 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 167

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Shence Army commander 神策軍指揮使
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 135
portrait in Lingyan Pavilion 圖形淩煙閣
AD 901 天復元年正月朔 · Bestowed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 143
Loyal Martyr Who Rights the Fallen 扶傾濟難忠烈功臣
AD 901 天復元年正月朔 · Bestowed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 143
Left office
AD 904 昭宗東遷 · Illness
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 169

Places and affiliations

Polity Liang 梁 · Relation Allied with
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 165, 170
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 135, 143
At Wuyuan in Yan 鹽州五原
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 127
AD 902 to AD 903 梁兵圍鳳翔
At Luoyang 洛陽 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 168
AD 901 天復元年正月朔
Organization Three Commissioner-Chancellors 三使相 · Relation Member of
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 143
Organization Shence Army 神策軍 · Relation Officer of
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 135

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressed to Emperor Zhaozong of Tang (唐昭宗) · Mode quotation Speaker Sun Dezhao (孫德昭)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 139

Events and relationships

Allied with Cui Yin to restore Zhaozong
AD 900 光化三年 · Political · Conspirator · With Cui Yin (崔胤)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 136
Ambushed and beheaded Liu Jishu
AD 901 天復元年正月朔 · Military · Assassin · With Liu Jishu (劉季述)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 137
Backed Liang and shielded Cui Yin
AD 901 冬十月，宦者韓全誨劫昭宗幸鳳翔 · Military · Ally · With Zhu Wen (朱溫)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 165
Broke locks and restored Zhaozong at Danfeng
AD 901 天復元年正月朔 · Political · Restorer · With Emperor Zhaozong of Tang (唐昭宗)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 143
Gave 8000 troops to Zhu Wen at Fengxiang
AD 902 to AD 903 梁兵圍鳳翔 · Military · Subordinate
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 168
Relation Ally of · Person Cui Yin (崔胤)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 136, 165

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Relation Co restorer with · Person Sun Chenghui (孫承誨)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 136
Relation Co restorer with · Person Dong Congshi (董從實)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 136
Relation Client of · Person Zhu Wen (朱溫)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 165, 168

Assessments and attributes

AD 901 冬十月，宦者韓全誨劫昭宗幸鳳翔
Item dragon-phoenix sword and fighting-cock gauze 龍鳳劍、鬬鷄紗 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 165
AD 907 太祖即位
Item black-silver belt, robe, tablet, and horses 烏銀帶、袍、笏、名馬 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 170
AD 902 to AD 903 梁兵圍鳳翔
Item first-rank mansion in Luoyang 洛陽甲第一區 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 168

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 127
AD 901 天復元年正月朔
To Li 李 · Reason surname bestowed after restoring Zhaozong
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 143

References in the histories

Search passages

History

13 passages

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Miscellaneous Biographies 23: Shi Shucong, Li Yanwei, Li Zhen, Pei Di, Wei Zhen, Kong Xun, Sun Dezhao, Wang Jingrao, Jiang Yin · 13 passages

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孫德昭，鹽州五原人也。 Sun Dezhao came from Wuyuan in Yan Prefecture.

德昭以父任為神策軍指揮使。 Through his father’s standing, Dezhao became a Shence Army commander.

光化三年，劉季述廢昭宗，幽之東宮，宰相崔胤謀反正，陰使人求義士可共成事者，德昭乃與孫承誨、董從實應胤，胤裂衣襟為書以盟。 In Guanghua 3 (900) Liu Jishu deposed Zhaozong and shut him in the Eastern Palace. Chancellor Cui Yin plotted to restore him and quietly sought men with the stomach for the work. Dezhao, Sun Chenghui, and Dong Congshi answered the call. Yin ripped his robe lining into oath strips.

天復元年正月朔，未旦，季述將朝，德昭伏甲士道旁，邀其輿斬之，承誨等分索餘黨皆盡。 On New Year’s Day of Tianfu 1 (901), before dawn, Jishu was riding to court. Dezhao hid swordsmen along the route, stopped his carriage, and cut off his head. Chenghui and the others ran down every accomplice and killed them to the last man.

德昭馳至，扣門曰：「季述誅矣，皇帝當反正！」 Dezhao raced to the gate and shouted: “Jishu is dead. Your Majesty must take back the throne!”

德昭擲其首入。 Dezhao hurled the head over the threshold.

德昭破鎖出昭宗，禦丹鳳樓反正，以功拜靜海軍節度使，賜姓李，號「扶傾濟難忠烈功臣」，與承誨等皆拜節度使、同中書門下平章事，圖形淩煙閣，俱留京師，號「三使相」，恩寵無比。 Dezhao broke the locks and led Zhaozong out to Danfeng Tower, where the emperor took the throne again. Dezhao was made military commissioner of Jinghai, given the Li surname and the title "Loyal Martyr Who Rights the Fallen." Chenghui and the others became commissioners and chancellors too. Their faces went up in the Lingyan Pavilion. They all stayed in the capital as the "Three Commissioner-Chancellors," showered with honors such as the court had never given before.

冬十月，宦者韓全誨劫昭宗幸鳳翔，承誨、從實皆從，而德昭獨與梁，乃率兵衞胤及百官保東街，趣梁兵以西，梁太祖頗德其附己，以龍鳳劍、鬬鷄紗遺之。 In the tenth winter month eunuch Han Quanhui abducted Zhaozong to Fengxiang. Chenghui and Congshi went along, but Dezhao alone backed Liang. He marched to shield Cui Yin and the officials on East Street and pushed Liang's army west. Zhu Wen rewarded his loyalty with the dragon-phoenix sword and fighting-cock gauze.

太祖至華州，德昭以軍禮迎謁道旁。 When Taizu reached Hua, Dezhao met him by the road with full military honors.

太祖至京師，表同州留後，將行，京師民復請留，遂為兩街制置使。 At the capital Taizu named him acting governor of Tong. When Dezhao was about to leave, the capital crowd begged him to stay, and he was made disposition commissioner of the Two Streets.

梁兵圍鳳翔，德昭以其兵八千屬太祖，太祖益德之，使先之洛陽，賜甲第一區。 During the siege of Fengxiang Dezhao handed his eight thousand men to Taizu. Taizu owed him more than ever, sent him ahead to Luoyang, and gave him a first-rank mansion.

昭宗東遷，拜左威衞上將軍，以疾免。 When Zhaozong moved east, Dezhao became general of the Left Majestic Guard, then left office on account of illness.

太祖即位，以烏銀帶、袍、笏、名馬賜之。 When Taizu became emperor he gave Dezhao a black-silver belt, robe, court tablet, and fine horses.