Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Xianbei Tribal Leader and King of the Di

Tuyuhun 吐谷渾

Attested AD 285 - AD 317

Passages: 12
Chapters: 2
Histories: 2

Overview

Tuyuhun was a Xianbei Tribal Leader and King of the Di.

Life and dates

Death

Natural · Age Value: 72 · Reckoning: Suitui
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 30

Age

72
Reckoning Suitui · At death
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 30

Attested activity

AD 310 年七十二死
Strongly inferred · Book of Song 96, passages 30, 60
AD 290 to AD 310 遭晉亂，遂得上隴
Strongly inferred · Book of Song 96, passages 21, 30
AD 285 to AD 317 鮮卑慕容廆庶兄吐谷渾爲氐王
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 59, passage 50

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Sibling of Ruoluohe (若洛廆)
elder brother 兄 · Paternal half siblings
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 2, 4-5
Sibling of Murong Hui (慕容廆)
elder half-brother by a concubine 庶兄 · Paternal half siblings · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 59, passage 50
Parent of Tuyan (吐延)
son 子
father 父
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 30
Child of Yiluohan (弈洛韓)
father 父
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 2, 4

Kinship Role sons · Count 60
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 30

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Xianbei 鮮卑
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 59, passage 50
Xianbei 鮮卑
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 1-2

Career and standing

king of the Di 氐王
Held
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 59, passage 50
elder son of a concubine 庶長
Concubine born elder
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 4

Places and affiliations

Polity Di 氐 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 59, passage 50
At Liaodong 遼東
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 1-2
At Hanqian and Xiling 罕幵、西零 · Relation Expanded into
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 25
At northwest of Yizhou 益州西北 · Relation Ruled from
Dated from the passage context · Book of Southern Qi 59, passages 50-51
At Yin Mountains 陰山 · Relation Settled at
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passage 20

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Mode direct-quotation
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 6-8, 11-13, 19

Events and relationships

Became king of the Di
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 59, passage 50
Drove herds west
Migration · Leader · At Yin Mountains 陰山
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 9, 20
Reached upper Long
Migration · Leader · At upper Long 隴
Directly stated · Book of Song 96, passages 21, 25

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 59, passage 50

References in the histories

Search passages

History

12 passages

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 59Volume 59 Biographies 40: Other Peoples from Henan, the Di People, and Qiang · 1 passage

鮮卑慕容廆庶兄吐谷渾爲氐王。 Tuyuhun, an elder half-brother of the Xianbei Murong Hui by a concubine, became king of the Di.

Book of Song, Chapter 96Volume 96 Biographies 56: Xianbei and Tuyuhun Peoples · 11 passages

阿柴虜吐谷渾，遼東鮮卑也。 The Tuyuhun—whom the northwestern tribes called the "A-Chai" barbarians—were Xianbei from Liaodong.

父弈洛韓，有二子，長曰吐谷渾，少曰若洛廆。 Their father Yiluohan had two sons—the elder named Tuyuhun, the younger Ruoluohe.

渾庶長，廆正嫡。 Hun was the elder son of a concubine, while Hui was the legitimate heir.

父在時，分七百戶與渾，[2]渾與廆二部俱牧馬，馬鬭相傷，廆怒，遣信謂渾曰：「先公處分，與兄異部，牧馬何不相遠，而致鬭爭相傷？」 While their father was still alive he allotted seven hundred households to Hun. [2] The two divisions of Hun and Hui pastured their horses together; when the herds fought and injured one another, Hui grew angry and sent a messenger to Hun, saying, "Our late father placed you and me in separate divisions—why not pasture farther apart, instead of letting the horses fight and wound each other?"

渾曰：「馬是畜生，食草飲水，春氣發動，所以致鬭。 Hun replied, "Horses are animals—they graze and drink; when spring stirs them, they fight. That is all.

經數頓，廆悔悟，深自咎責，遣舊父老及長史乙那樓追渾令還。 After several days' march Hui repented and reproached himself deeply; he sent the old clan elders and Chief Clerk Yi Nalou to overtake Hun and bring him back.

[3]渾曰：「我乃祖以來，樹德遼右，又卜筮之言，先公有二子，福胙並流子孫。 [3] Hun said, "Since my grandfather's day our house has built its virtue east of the Liao, and divination had declared that our late father had two sons and that blessing and sacrificial fortune would flow to both lines of descendants.

渾謂其部落曰：「我兄弟子孫，並應昌盛，廆當傳子及曾孫玄孫，其間可百餘年，我乃玄孫間始當顯耳。」 Hun told his tribesmen, "My brother's line and mine will both prosper; Hui's house will pass from son to great-grandson and beyond for perhaps a hundred years or more, while my line will not come to prominence until the generation of my great-great-grandsons."

後廆追思渾，作阿干之歌。 Later, missing Hun, Hui composed the Song of Aghan.

渾既上隴，出罕幵、西零。 Once Hun had reached the upper Long, his people spread into Hanqian and Xiling.

渾年七十二死，有子六十人，長吐延嗣。 Hun died at seventy-two, leaving sixty sons; the eldest, Tuyan, succeeded him.