Ancient China · Ruler

Wairen 外壬

Wàirén

Attested BC 1600 - BC 1300

Passages
3
Chapters
2
Histories
1

Overview

The translated histories identify Wairen as a ruler. This record brings together 3 passages from 2 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal Wairen 外壬 Wàirén
Temple Emperor Wairen 帝外壬
Title Emperor Wairen 帝外壬 Di Wairen
Personal Wairen 外壬
Personal Wairen 外壬 Wairen

Identity

Historicity
Uncertain
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

  • Source Date: Text: 帝外壬 · Western Interval: Start: BC 1600 · End: BC 1300
    Explicit event contextual date · shiji:013:s420
  • Source Date: Text: · Western Interval: Start: BC 1600 · End: BC 1300
    Explicit event contextual date · shiji:003:s0113

Family

  • Sibling of Hedanjia (河亶甲)
    Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: elder
    Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: younger · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Role: brother · Object Role: brother
  • Sibling of Zhongding (中丁)
    Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: younger · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Role: brother · Object Role: brother
    Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: elder

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 3Annals of Yin · 2 passages
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 13Genealogical Tables of the Three Dynasties · 1 passage