Ward (華爾) | 24 Histories

Overview

Ward was a Military Officer.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Alternate name	American Ward

Life and dates

Death

AD 1862 同治元年
Killed in battle · At Cixi 慈谿
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 37
died of a chest gunshot wound 槍丸洞胸…越二日始卒 · At Ningbo prefectural seat 郡城
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passages 44, 46

Attested activity

AD 1862 同治元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 23; Draft History of Qing 435, passage 18
AD 1862 同治元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 37
AD 1862 同治元年四月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 25
AD 1862 to AD 1863 同治初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 467, passage 103
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 8

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity American 美人
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 37
Ethnicity American 美國
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 23
American 美國人
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 3

Career and standing

American army officer 其國將弁
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 4
Western officer 西將
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 467, passage 103
commander of Indian troops 領印度兵
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 6
vice general rank 副將銜
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 37
fourth-rank peacock feather 四品翎頂
Awarded
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 24
temples at Ningbo and Songjiang 寧波、松江建祠
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 48

Show 1 more source-backed claim

Cashiered
Dismissed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 4

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passages 7, 25
United States 美國
Relation Origin
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 3
At New York 紐約
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 3
At Shanghai 上海 · Relation Fled to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 4
At Songjiang 松江 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 17
Organization Ever Victorious Army 常勝軍 · Relation Commander of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 25

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Organization Ever-Victorious Army 常勝軍 · Relation Commander of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 37
Organization Southern Route Army 南路軍 · Relation Commander of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 23

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 10

Events and relationships

Abandoned Qingpu and fell back to Songjiang
AD 1862 同治元年四月 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 25
Defended Songjiang against massed rebels
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passages 18, 23
Mortally wounded at Cixi
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 44
Retook Jiading
Military · Commander · With Hope (何伯)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passages 26, 28
Retook Qingpu
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passages 29, 37
Retook Songjiang
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passages 8, 14

Show 3 more source-backed claims

Took Songjiang, Jiading, Qingpu, and Fengxian
AD 1862 同治元年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 23
Victory at Gaoqiao
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 24
Relation Superior of · Person Burgevine (白齊文)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 37

Assessments and attributes

Assessment foreign general whose tactics were widely discussed · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 179
Assessment remarkable intelligence work · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 49
Item map of Nanjing 金陵城圖 · Relation Possessed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 435, passage 49

References in the histories

Search passages

History

32 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 411Volume 411 Biographies 198: Li Hongzhang · 3 passages

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美國華爾募洋兵數千，攻克松江、嘉定、青浦、奉賢，號南路軍； The American Ward raised several thousand foreign troops, took Songjiang, Jiading, Qingpu, and Fengxian, and styled his force the Southern Route Army;

四月，賊悉眾戰敗南路軍，嘉定、奉賢再陷，華爾棄青浦走保松江。 In the fourth month the rebels mustered their full strength, routed the Southern Route Army, and retook Jiading and Fengxian; Ward abandoned Qingpu and fell back to defend Songjiang.

初，美人華爾所將兵名常勝軍，慈谿之役，歿於陣，其副白齊文懷異志，閉松江城索餉。 At first the force led by the American Ward was called the Ever-Victorious Army. At the battle of Cixi he was killed in action; his deputy Burgevine turned disloyal, shut himself in Songjiang, and demanded back pay.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 435Volume 435 Biographies 222: Hua Er, Lei Bo Lei Dong, Fa Er Di Fu, Ge Deng, Ri Yi Ge, De Ke Bei, He De, Bo Li · 28 passages

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華爾勒伯勒東法爾第福戈登日意格德克碑赫德帛黎 Ward, Lebrethon, Foudrinière, Gordon, Giquel, von Sternberg, Hart, and Brière

華爾，美國紐約人。 Ward was an American from New York.

蘇松太道吳煦識其才，言於美領事，獲免，以是德之，原效力，俾領印度兵。 Wu Xu, intendant of the Suzhou-Songjiang-Taicang circuit, recognized his ability, appealed to the American consul to spare him arrest, and won his lasting loyalty; Ward volunteered to serve and was put in command of Indian soldiers.

咸豐十年，粵匪陷松江，煦令募西兵數十為前驅； In 1860 the rebels took Songjiang, and Xu ordered Ward to recruit several dozen Western soldiers as the vanguard;

華爾誡曰：「有進無止，止者斬！」 Ward warned his men: "Keep moving forward—anyone who stops will be executed!"

賊迎戰，槍砲雨下，令伏，無一傷者。 The rebels met them with a storm of musket and cannon fire; Ward ordered his men to drop flat, and not one was hit.

賊敗入城，躡之同入，巷戰，斬黃衣賊數人。 The rebels broke and retreated into the city; Ward followed them in, fought street by street, and killed several of their yellow-coated officers.

賊遁走，遂復松江，華爾亦被創。 The rebels fled, Songjiang was retaken, and Ward himself was wounded in the fight.

先是煦與華爾約，城克，罄賊所有以予。 Xu had earlier promised Ward that if the city fell, Ward would receive everything the rebels left behind.

令守松江，又募練洋槍隊五百，服裝器械步伐皆效西人。 Ward was left to hold Songjiang and raised five hundred more men for a foreign-rifle corps, trained in Western dress, arms, and drill.

華爾以五百人御之，被圍，乃分其眾為數圓陣，陣五重，人四鄉，最內者平立，以次遞俯，槍皆外指。 Ward met them with five hundred men, was surrounded, and formed several concentric circles five ranks deep, the inner ranks standing upright and the outer ranks kneeling in turn, every rifle pointed outward.

華爾居中吹角，一響眾應，三發，死賊數百。 Ward stood at the center and blew his bugle; at one call the whole line fired three volleys and killed several hundred rebels.

時浦東賊據高橋，偪上海，華爾約英、法兵守海濱，而自率所部進擊，賊大敗，加四品翎頂。 Rebels on the Pudong shore held Gaoqiao and menaced Shanghai; Ward posted British and French troops along the coast while he led his own men in a assault that routed the enemy, for which he was awarded the fourth-rank peacock feather.

會李鴻章帥師至滬，乃隸戲下，令立常勝軍，益募兵三千俾教練，參將李恆嵩副之，餉倍發。 When Li Hongzhang brought his army to Shanghai, Ward entered his service; Li formed the Ever Victorious Army, added three thousand recruits for Ward to drill, appointed Assistant General Li Hengsong as his second, and doubled the corps' pay.

賊據王家寺，與英提督何伯等合攻。 The rebels held Wangjia Temple, and Ward attacked it jointly with British Admiral Hope and his forces.

華爾賈勇先入，大斬虜首，進偪南翔，賊亦悉眾轟拒，何伯負傷。 Ward led the charge and cut down many rebels, then pressed toward Nanxiang; the enemy met him with their full artillery, and Hope was wounded.

華爾冒煙直進，立毀其營，生獲八百餘人，遂復嘉定。 Ward pushed straight through the smoke, overran the camp at once, took more than eight hundred prisoners, and retook Jiading.

規取青浦，華爾略東門，城潰； In the drive on Qingpu, Ward assaulted the east gate and the wall gave way;

英、法兵自西入，華爾為承。 British and French troops entered from the west while Ward supported them.

華爾方議直搗金山衛，聞敗，還守青浦。 Ward had been planning a direct strike on Jinshanwei when news of the defeat reached him, and he fell back to defend Qingpu.

官軍圖青浦，華爾攻南門，駕輪舶入濠，毀城十餘丈，麾眾登堞，賊鬥且走，追敗之白鶴江黃渡，復其城，晉副將銜，降敕褒賞。 When the government forces moved on Qingpu, Ward assaulted the south gate, brought a steamer into the moat, breached more than thirty feet of wall, and led his men onto the ramparts; the rebels fought a fighting retreat; he pursued and routed them at Baihe River and Huangdu, retook the city, was promoted to vice general, and received an imperial commendation.

俄偽慕王譚紹光復來犯，薄西門，與總兵黃翼升各軍擊之，賊潰，奔北岸，華爾毀其七營。 Soon the Taiping commander Tan Shaoguang attacked again and pressed the west gate; Ward joined Major General Huang Yisheng's forces in driving the rebels back across the north bank and destroying seven of their camps.

其秋，賊十萬复犯上海，華爾自松江倍道應赴，與諸軍擊卻之。 That autumn a rebel host of one hundred thousand struck at Shanghai again; Ward rushed from Songjiang by forced marches and, with the other armies, beat them off.

時寧波戒嚴，巡道史致諤乞援，鴻章遣華爾偕往。 Ningbo was then under martial law; Circuit Intendant Shi Zhi'e appealed for help, and Li Hongzhang dispatched Ward to his aid.

華爾約西兵駕輪舶三，一泊灌浦，一泊赭山，一自丈亭駛入太平橋、餘姚四門鎮，而自率軍數百至半浦。 Ward coordinated three steamers with Western troops: one at Guanpu, one at Zhushan, and one sailing from Zhangting toward Taiping Bridge and Simen in Yuyao, while he led several hundred men to Banpu.

華爾至郡城，猶能叱其下卹軍事，越二日始卒。 Ward was brought to the prefectural seat and still gave orders about military affairs; he died two days later.

初，喪歸，煦檢其篋，得金陵城圖，賊所居處及城垣丈尺方位纖悉畢具，論者頗稱其機密雲。 When Ward's body was brought back, Xu examined his trunk and found a detailed map of Nanjing showing rebel quarters and the exact dimensions and layout of the walls; contemporaries praised his remarkable intelligence work.

論曰：華爾、戈登先後領常勝軍，立功江、浙，世稱「洋將」，時傳其戰略。 The commentators observe: Ward and Gordon led the Ever Victorious Army in turn, won fame in Jiangsu and Zhejiang as "foreign generals," and their tactics were widely discussed.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 1 passage

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同治初，李鴻章規三吳，從西將華爾克青浦，攻南橋鎮、柘林，直搗其巢，大敗之。 Early in the Tongzhi reign, as Li Hongzhang reorganized the lower Yangtze, he followed the Western officer Ward to Qingpu, attacked Nanqiao and Zhilin, struck straight at the rebel stronghold, and won a great victory.