Wu Luan (吳巒) | 24 Histories

Overview

Wu Luan was an official and Military Officer.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Baochuan	宝川	Baochuan

Life and dates

Death

AD 944 開運元年春正月己卯
Killed in action · At Beizhou 貝州 · Cause Khitan capture of Beizhou
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 76
AD 944 开运元年正月
Cause threw himself into a well 投井死 · At Beizhou 贝州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 122
AD 944 天福九年正月
Threw himself into a well · At official residence in Bei prefecture 貝州公館
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 177

Attested activity

AD 930 唐長興初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 157
AD 944 天福九年正月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 172-177
AD 944 开运元年正月
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 120
AD 943 戊戌
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 48
AD 934 to AD 936 清泰中
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 107
AD 907 to AD 959 自開平訖於顯德，終始五十三年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 44

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AD 944 開運元年春正月己卯
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passages 74, 76
AD 936 高祖即位
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passages 108, 110
AD 936 to AD 937 高祖建號，圍半歲
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 161-162
AD 936 高祖建號
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 158-160

Key source chapters

Career and standing

aide 從事
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 157
acting administrator of Beizhou military affairs 權知貝州軍事
AD 943 戊戌 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 48
deputy military governor of Wuning 武宁军节度副使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 112
military governor of Xu prefecture 徐州節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 163
provisional governor of the military and civil affairs of Bei prefecture 權知貝州軍州事
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 168
Right Grand Master of Remonstrance 右諫議大夫
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 163

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administrative aide to the military governor of Datong 大同軍節度判官
AD 930 唐長興初 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 157
Datong military governor’s chief secretary 大同沙彦珣节度判官
AD 934 to AD 936 清泰中 · Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 107
acting prefect of Beizhou 貝州知州
AD 944 開運元年春正月己卯 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 76
defense commissioner of Fu prefecture 復州防禦使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 163
former defense commissioner of Fuzhou 前復州防禦使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 48
Dismissed and returned after several years
Dismissal
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 163

Places and affiliations

Polity Later Jin 後晉 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 76
Polity Later Jin 晉 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 48; Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 163
Polity Later Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 157
At Lu County in Wenyang 汶陽盧縣
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 155
At Lu County, Yun Prefecture 郓州卢县
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 106
AD 930 唐長興初
At Datong 大同 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 157

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AD 936 高祖建號
At Yunzhong 雲中 · Relation Present at
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 158-159
At Bei prefecture 貝州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 168
At Beizhou 貝州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 76
At Beizhou 贝州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 117
At Fu prefecture 復州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 163
At Lu County 盧縣 · Relation Native of
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 155
At Xu prefecture 徐州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 163
At Yun Prefecture 云州 · Relation Defended
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 109

Learning and skills

Studied
Subject classics 經業
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 156
Failed
Credential district examination in the classics 鄉試
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 156
Failed
Credential Mingjing examination 明经 · Negated true
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 107
Held
Credential scholar 書生
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 171

Works and attributed material

AD 936 高祖建號
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 159

Events and relationships

Closed the gates with Yun prefecture generals and officials and resisted
AD 936 高祖建號 · Military · Defender · At Yun prefecture 雲州
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 160
Clothed soldiers in bitter cold; tore tent curtains to give relief because his purse had no funds
Administrative · Relief giver · At Bei prefecture 貝州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 169
Defended Beizhou
Military · Defender · With Shao Ke (邵珂)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passages 120, 122
Died when city fell
AD 944 開運元年春正月己卯 · Military · Defender · At Beizhou 貝州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 76
Dispatched Shao Ke to supervise volunteer militia at the south gate
Military · Commander · With Shao Ke (邵珂)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 171
Dispatched
AD 943 戊戌 · Appointment · Appointee · At Beizhou 貝州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 48

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Forces burned enemy ladders and rams with firewood and torches in the inter wall space
AD 944 天福九年正月 · Military · Defender · At Bei prefecture 貝州
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 174
Held Yun seven months
Military · Defender
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passages 109-110
Seeing the city in disorder, rode back to the official residence and drowned himself in a well; the Khitans then massacred the city
AD 944 天福九年正月 · Military · Defender
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 177
Was defending the east gate when Shao Ke led enemy cavalry in at the south gate
AD 944 天福九年正月 · Military · Defender
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 176
Withstood Khitan attack for half a year until Gaozu's letter lifted the siege
AD 936 to AD 937 高祖建號，圍半歲 · Military · Defender · At Yun prefecture 雲州
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 161-162
Relation Entrusted · Person Shao Ke (邵珂)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 170-171
Relation Aide of · Person Sha Yanxun (沙彥珣)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 157

Assessments and attributes

Assessment death not honorable; omitted from martyrs · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 126
Assessment frugal and plain all his life; wholehearted care for the troops · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 169
Assessment had the merit of good defense in the hardship at Yunzhong · Mode named-source-report Statement administrators' reason for the posting
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 168
Assessment loved learning from youth · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 156
Assessment officials and commoners throughout court and countryside sighed in regret · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 178
Item worn tent curtains 帳幕 · Relation Used for relief
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 169

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 155

References in the histories

Search passages

History

25 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 82Volume 82 Book of Later Jin 8: Emperor Shao 2 · 2 passages

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戊戌，遣前復州防禦使吳巒權知貝州軍事，詔節度使王令溫赴闕。 On wuxu former Fu defense commissioner Wu Luan was sent to act as Bei's military administrator, and commissioner Wang Lingwen was ordered to court.

己卯，契丹陷貝州，知州吳巒死之。 On jimao the Khitan captured Bei; acting prefect Wu Luan was killed.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 95Volume 95 Book of Later Jin 21: Biographies 10: Huang Fuyu, Wang Qing, Liang Hanzhang, Bai Fengjin, Lu Shunmi, Zhou Huan, Shen Yun, Wu Luan, Di Zhang, Cheng Fuyun, Guo Lin · 9 passages

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吳巒，字寶川，汶陽盧縣人也。 Wu Luan, styled Baochuan, was from Lu County in Wenyang.

時巒在城中，謂其眾曰：「豈有禮義之人而臣於異姓乎！」 At the time Luan was in the city and said to his followers, "How can a man of ritual and righteousness serve an alien ruler!"

召巒歸闕，授徐州節度使，再遷右諫議大夫，為復州防禦使，數年罷歸。 Luan was summoned back to court and appointed military governor of Xu prefecture; he was transferred again to Right Grand Master of Remonstrance and served as defense commissioner of Fu prefecture; after several years he was dismissed and returned.

及令溫入朝，執政者以巒雲中之難，有善守之功，遂令乘軺而往，權知貝州軍州事。 When Lingwen entered court, the administrators, because Luan had endured the hardship at Yunzhong and had the merit of good defense, therefore ordered him to go by light carriage and provisionally govern the military and civil affairs of Bei prefecture.

邵珂一見，因求自效，即聽而任之。 At first sight Shao Ke therefore requested to serve at his own initiative; Luan heard him and entrusted him with the task.

巒素為書生，旁無爪牙，珂慷慨自陳，願效死左右，巒遣督義兵，守城之南門。 Luan had always been a scholar and had no strong supporters at his side. Ke declared himself generously and volunteered to die at his side; Luan dispatched him to supervise the volunteer militia and defend the south gate of the city.

巒眾投薪於夾城中，繼以炬火，敵之梯沖，焚爇殆盡。 Luan's forces threw firewood into the inter-wall space, followed by torch fire; the enemy's scaling ladders and battering rams were burned nearly to destruction.

俄而珂自南門引敵騎同入，巒守東門，未知其事，左右告曰：「邵珂背矣！」 Before long Ke from the south gate led enemy cavalry in together. Luan was defending the east gate and did not yet know of the matter; his attendants reported, "Shao Ke has turned traitor!"

巒顧城中已亂，即馳馬還公館，投井而死，契丹遂屠其城。 Luan looked back and the city was already in disorder. He immediately spurred his horse back to the official residence, threw himself into a well, and died; the Khitans then massacred the city.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 29Volume 29 Later Jin Biographies 9: Sang Weihan, Jing Yanguang, Wu Luan · 13 passages

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契丹屯中渡，破栾城，杜重威等大军隔绝，维翰曰：「事急矣！」 Khitan troops held Zhongdu Ferry and took Luan City; Du Chongwei’s host was severed. Weihan said: “We are at the brink!”

吴峦，字宝川，郓州卢县人也。 Wu Luan, styled Baochuan, came from Lu County in Yun Prefecture.

城中推峦主州事，峦即闭门拒守，契丹以兵围之。 The city made Luan governor. He shut the gates and held. The Khitan besieged him.

高祖入立，以云州入于契丹，而峦犹守城不下，契丹围之凡七月。 The High Ancestor ceded Yun to the Khitan—but Luan still would not yield. The siege lasted seven months.

高祖义峦所为，乃以书告契丹，使解兵去。 The High Ancestor admired his stand and asked the Khitan to withdraw.

高祖召峦，以为武宁军节度副使、谏议大夫、复州防御使。 He summoned Luan, made him deputy governor of Wuning, Remonstrating Censor, and defender of Fu.

晋大臣以峦前守云州七月，契丹不能下，乃遣峦驰驿代令温守贝州。 Ministers remembered Luan’s seven months at Yun; they sent him by relay to replace Lingwen at Beizhou.

峦善抚士卒，会天大寒，裂其帷幄以衣士卒，士卒皆爱之。 Luan cared for his men. In bitter cold he ripped curtains and tents for their coats; they loved him for it.

珂因求见峦，愿自效，峦推心信之。 Ke asked audience and pledged loyalty. Luan took him at his word.

开运元年正月，契丹南寇，围贝州，峦命珂守南门。 Kaiyun 1, first month: the Khitan besieged Beizhou. Luan put Ke on the south gate.

契丹围三日，四面急攻之，峦从城上投薪草焚其梯冲殆尽。 Three days they assaulted every wall. Luan hurled fuel and straw and burned ladders and rams to ash.

已而珂自南门引契丹入，峦守东门方战，而左右报珂反，峦顾城中已乱，即投井死。 Ke opened the south gate to the Khitan. Luan fought at the east until word came of treason. The city was lost; he threw himself into a well.

王令温疑邵珂而质其子矣，峦不能察其奸，反委以兵。 Lingwen suspected Ke and held his son hostage. Luan failed to see the treachery and gave him command.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 33Volume 33 Biographies of Martyrs to Service 13: Zhang Yuande, Xia Luqi, Yao Hong, Wang Sitong, Zhang Jingda, Di Jinzong, Shen Bin, Wang Qing, Shi Yanchao, Sun Cheng · 1 passage

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吳巒兵猶可戰而不戰，魯奇食盡力窮而死，故取捨異。 Wu Luan’s men could still fight but would not; Luqi died when food and strength were gone—hence the difference in treatment.