Overview
The translated histories identify Xiang Yu as a general, rebel, ruler, and warlord. This record brings together 260 passages from 33 chapters across 7 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal | Xiang Yu | 項羽 | Xiàng Yǔ |
| Personal | |||
| Given | |||
| Title | Duke of Lu | 魯公 | Lǔ Gōng |
| Title | Duke of Lu | 魯公 | Lu Gong |
| Personal name | Ji | 籍 | |
| Personal name | Ji | 籍 | Jí |
| Given | Ji | 籍 | Jí |
| Given | Ji | 籍 | Ji |
| Title | King of Chu | 楚王 | Chǔ Wáng |
| Title | King of Xiang | 項王 | Xiang Wang |
| Title | King of Xiang | 項王 | |
| Title | King of Xiang | 項王 | Xiàng Wáng |
| Title | King Xiang | 項王 | Xiang Wang |
| Title | King Xiang | 項王 | |
| Title | King Xiang | 項王 | Xiàng Wáng |
| Title | Lord Xiang | 項王 | Xiang Wang |
| Title | Marquis of Chang'an | 長安侯 | Cháng'ān Hóu |
| Surname | Xiang | 項 | Xiàng |
| Alternate | Xiang Ji | 項籍 | Xiang Ji |
| Personal | Xiang Ji | 項籍 | Xiang Ji |
| Personal name | Xiang Ji | 項籍 | Xiang Ji |
| Personal name | Xiang Ji | 項籍 | Xiàng Jí |
| Personal | Xiang Ji | 項籍 | Xiàng Jí |
| Personal | Xiang Ji | 項籍 | |
| Personal name | Xiang Yu | 項羽 | Xiang Yu |
| Personal | Xiang Yu | 項羽 | Xiang Yu |
| Personal | Xiang Yu | 項籍 | Xiàng Jí |
| Alternate | Xiang Yu | Xiàng Yǔ | |
| Alternate | Xiang Yu | Xiang Yu | |
| Personal | Xiang Yu | 項籍 | Xiang Ji |
| Personal name | Xiang Yu | 項籍 | Xiàng Jí |
| Alternate name | Xiang Yu | 項羽 | |
| Personal name | Xiang Yu | 籍 | |
| Title | Xiang Yu | 項王 | Xiang Wang |
| Personal name | Xiang Yu | Xiang Yu | |
| Personal name | Xiang Yu | 項羽 | Xiàng Yǔ |
| Personal name | Xiang Yu | 項 | Xiang Yu |
| Personal name | Xiang Yu | 項 | Xiang |
| Alternate name | Xiang Yu | 項羽 | Xiàng Yǔ |
| Personal | Xiang Yu | 項羽 | |
| Given | Yu | 羽 | Yǔ |
| Given | Yu | 羽 | Yu |
| Courtesy | Yu | 羽 | Yǔ |
| Surname | 項 | Xiang | |
| Alternate name | 頊王 |
Identity
- Historicity
- Historical
- Identification
- Named
- Sex
- Male
- Sex: maleExplicit · hanshu:041:s0118, hanshu:046:s0002, hanshu:048:s0013, hanshu:051:s0034, hanshu:055:s0005, houhanshu:034:s0016, houhanshu:131:s0087, sanguozhi:062:s0087, shiji:051:s0002, shiji:053:s0012, shiji:094:s0032, shiji:098:s0007, shiji:099:s0021, shiji:100:s0003, shiji:103:s0003, shiji:114:s0004, shiji:120:s0125, suishu:043:s0044
- Sex: maleStrongly inferred · hanshu:044:s0005, hanshu:048:s0214, shiji:054:s0019, shiji:057:s0023, shiji:073:s0179, shiji:090:s0019, shiji:113:s0004, songshi:359:s0029
- Value: maleStrongly inferred · hanshu:002:s0018, hanshu:042:s0017
- Value: maleExplicit · hanshu:093:s0058
Roles
- General
- Rebel
- Ruler
- Warlord
Life and dates
Death
- Authority Person Id: Emperor Gaozu (高祖)Explicit · sanguozhi:062:s0087
- Manner: died in defeat of Chu · Date Context: Source Date: Text: (五年)項籍已死 · Western Year: BC 202Explicit · shiji:090:s0080
- Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢五年 · Western Year: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:053:s0026
- Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢五年/六年 · Western Year: BC 202Explicit · shiji:091:s0088
- Manner: destroyed by Han · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢滅項籍 · Western Year: BC 202Explicit · shiji:094:s0067
- Date Text: executed at Gaixia · Unresolved: trueExplicit · hanshu:044:s0005
- Date Text: 漢五年已殺項羽Explicit · hanshu:048:s0039
- Text: 灌嬰追斬羽東城Explicit · hanshu:002:s0019
- Text: destroyed by Han / 漢滅項籍Explicit · hanshu:042:s0095
- Explicit · shiji:054:s0071
Attested activity
- Qualitative: early Han founding warsExplicit · shiji:053:s0012
- Source Date: Text: 二世時 · Western Interval: Start: BC 209 · End: BC 207Explicit event contextual date · shiji:113:s0004
- Source Date: Text: 以入項羽軍 · Western Year: BC 206Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:131:s0087, houhanshu:131:s0090
- Source Date: Text: 及項羽滅 · Western Year: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:100:s0004
- Source Date: Text: 擊項籍 · Western Interval: Start: BC 205 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:098:s0007, shiji:098:s0045
- Source Date: Text: 救趙至垓下 · Western Interval: Start: BC 207 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:091:s0019, shiji:091:s0088
- Source Date: Text: 昔 · Western Interval: Start: BC 206 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:034:s0016
- Source Date: Text: 沛公與項羽 · Western Interval: Start: BC 208 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:057:s0023
- Source Date: Text: 沛公與項羽引而東 · Western Year: BC 208Explicit event contextual date · shiji:054:s0019
- Source Date: Text: 漢三年 · Western Year: BC 204Explicit event contextual date · shiji:053:s0022
- Source Date: Text: 漢二年 · Western Year: BC 205Explicit event contextual date · shiji:099:s0104, shiji:099:s0103
- Source Date: Text: 漢五年 · Western Year: BC 202
- Source Date: Text: 漢五年前後 · Western Year: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:099:s0021
- Source Date: Text: 漢元年 · Western Year: BC 206Explicit · shiji:090:s0022
- Source Date: Text: 漢初 · Western Interval: Start: BC 209 · End: BC 141Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:051:s0034
- Source Date: Text: 漢四年 · Western Year: BC 203Explicit event contextual date · shiji:051:s0003
- Source Date: Text: 漢王元年 · Western Year: BC 206Explicit event contextual date · shiji:051:s0002
- Source Date: Text: 漢興 · Western Interval: Start: BC 232 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:025:s0104
- Source Date: Text: 當是之時 · Western Interval: Start: BC 206 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:114:s0004
- Source Date: Text: 秦末楚漢 · Western Interval: Start: BC 209 · End: BC 202Explicit · shiji:120:s0125, shiji:120:s0126
- Source Date: Text: 秦漢之際 · Western Interval: Start: AD 209 · End: AD 202Explicit event contextual date · suishu:043:s0044
- Source Date: Text: 與項籍爭 · Western Year: AD 206Explicit · songshi:359:s0029
- Source Date: Text: 鉅鹿 · Western Year: BC 207Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:041:s0118
- Source Date: Text: 項 · Western Interval: Start: BC 209 · End: BC 202Explicit · liangshu:014:s0067
- Source Date: Text: 項籍使將兵…項籍滅 · Western Interval: Start: BC 206 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:046:s0002, hanshu:046:s0003
- Source Date: Text: 項籍使將兵 · Western Interval: Start: BC 208 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:100:s0003
- Source Date: Text: 項籍已死 · Western Year: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:054:s0071
- Source Date: Text: 項羽已破秦…(五年)項籍已死 · Western Interval: Start: BC 207 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:090:s0019, shiji:090:s0080
- Source Date: Text: 項羽往救趙 · Western Interval: Start: BC 207 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · shiji:094:s0032, shiji:094:s0067
- Source Date: Text: 項羽救趙,擊秦軍,果虜王離 · Western Year: BC 207Explicit · shiji:073:s0179
- Source Date: Text: 項羽立諸侯 · Western Year: BC 206Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:041:s0138
- Source Date: Text: 項羽與范增時 · Western Interval: Start: BC 209 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:093:s0058
- Source Date: Text: 高祖東擊項籍 · Western Year: BC 205Explicit · hanshu:055:s0005
- Source Date: Text: 高祖東擊項籍 · Western Year: BC 205Explicit event contextual date · shiji:103:s0003
- Source Date: Text: 高祖誅項 · Western Interval: Start: BC 209 · End: BC 202Explicit event contextual date · sanguozhi:062:s0087
Family
- Kin of Xiang Bo (項伯)Kinship Term: uncle / 季父 · Subject Role: uncle · Object Role: nephew
- Kin of Xiang Liang (項梁)Kinship Term: Xiang clan kin / 項 · Line: paternal
Kinship Term: Xiang-clan kinsman / 項 · Line: paternal
Career and standing
- Label: deputy commander / 次將 · Action: appointedExplicit · shiji:091:s0019
- Label: supreme commander / 上將軍 · Action: appointedExplicit · shiji:091:s0020
- Title: Deputy CommanderExplicit · hanshu:001:s0148
- Title: Marquis of Chang'anExplicit · hanshu:001:s0145
- Text: 魯公Explicit · hanshu:002:s0022
- Title: Duke of LuExplicit · hanshu:001:s0145
Places and affiliations
- Label: Chu / 楚 · Relation: associated-withExplicit · shiji:090:s0019
- Label: Chu / 楚 · Relation: ruled
- Polity: Chu / 楚 · Relation: associated-withExplicit · hanshu:055:s0005
- Polity: Chu / 楚 · Relation: ruledExplicit · hanshu:046:s0002, shiji:051:s0003
- Polity: Chu / 楚 · Relation: ruledStrongly inferred · shiji:120:s0125
- Polity: Chu · Relation: servedExplicit · hanshu:041:s0138, shiji:091:s0027
- Text: 楚Explicit · hanshu:002:s0001
Events and relationships
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: accepted-surrender · Other Person Id: Zhang Han (章邯) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 項羽已破秦,降章邯 · Western Year: BC 207Explicit · shiji:090:s0019
- Explicit · shiji:099:s0021
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: contended-for-empireExplicit · shiji:113:s0004
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated Zhang Han and relieved Julu
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Wang Li (王離) · Outcome: captured Wang Li · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 果虜王離 · Western Year: BC 207Explicit · shiji:073:s0179, shiji:073:s0183
- Kind: political · Role: overlord · Action: enfeoffed-Qi-kings
- Kind: military · Role: host · Action: held-banquet-with-intent-to-kill · Other Person Id: Emperor Gaozu (高祖)Explicit · houhanshu:131:s0090
- Explicit · shiji:054:s0032
- Explicit · shiji:091:s0020
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: northern-campaign-against-Qi · Other Person Id: Tian Rong (田榮)
- Kind: political · Role: title-granter · Action: refused-to-make-kings · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 當是之時 · Western Interval: Start: BC 206 · End: BC 202Explicit · shiji:114:s0004
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: rescued-Zhao-accepted-surrender-sacked-XianyangExplicit · shiji:094:s0033
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: rescued · Place: Zhao / 趙 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 項羽救趙 · Western Year: BC 207Explicit · shiji:073:s0179
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: sacked and burned Xianyang · Place: Xianyang / 咸陽Explicit · shiji:053:s0012
- Explicit · hanshu:025:s0104
- Strongly inferred · shiji:091:s0013, shiji:091:s0029
- Relation: resented · Person Id: Tian Rong (田榮)Explicit · shiji:094:s0032
- Relation: relied-on-adviser · Person Id: Fan Zeng (范增)Explicit · hanshu:093:s0058
- Relation: captor-of · Person Id: Wang Li (王離)Explicit · shiji:073:s0179, shiji:073:s0183
- Relation: nephew · Person Key: Xiang Liang (項梁)Explicit · hanshu:001:s0087
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment: abandoned by Heaven · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Su Jing (蘇竟)Explicit · houhanshu:034:s0016
References in the histories
Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.