Ye Zhichao (葉志超) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Ye Zhichao as a general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 31 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Ye Zhichao	葉志超	Ye Zhichao
Title	Etu Hun Batulu	額圖渾巴圖魯
Courtesy name	Shuqing	曙青	Shǔqīng
Surname	Ye	葉	Yè
Personal	Ye Zhichao	葉志超
Personal name	Ye Zhichao	葉志超	Yè Zhìchāo
Personal name	Ye Zhichao	葉志超
Given	Zhichao	志超	Zhichao
Given	Zhichao	志超	Zhìchāo
Given	Zhichao	志超

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:437:s0208, qingshigao:460:s0016, qingshigao:462:s0002, qingshigao:467:s0002

Roles

General
Military Officer
Official

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 歲餘 · Western Year: AD 1901
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0095

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 光緒二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0095
Source Date: Text: 光緒二十年 · Western Year: AD 1894
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:460:s0013, qingshigao:460:s0016
Source Date: Text: 光緒二十年 · Western Year: AD 1894
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0067
Source Date: Text: 光緒初 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1875 · End: AD 1879
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0062
Source Date: Text: 光緒十七年 · Western Year: AD 1891
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:462:s0065, qingshigao:462:s0064
Source Date: Text: 光緒十五年 · Western Year: AD 1889
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0064
Source Date: Text: 徵捻 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1865 · End: AD 1868
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0058
Source Date: Text: 日韓亂起 · Western Year: AD 1894
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:467:s0070
Source Date: Text: 次年 · Western Year: AD 1895
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0094
Source Date: Text: 葉志超 · Western Year: AD 1895
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0208

Career and standing

Label: acting commander of Zhengding garrison / 署正定鎮總兵 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0062
Label: commander-in-chief of all forces / 總統諸軍 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:460:s0016, qingshigao:462:s0079
Label: regimental commander / 總兵 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0058
Label: Zhili provincial commander / 直隸提督 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0064
Label: Zhengding garrison commander (substantive) / 正定鎮總兵 · Action: substantively-appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0063
Label: hereditary office / 世職 · Action: awarded
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0066
Label: yellow riding jacket / 黃馬褂 · Action: awarded
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0066
Label: Etu Hun Batulu / 額圖渾巴圖魯 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0059
Label: twenty thousand taels reward for troops / 賞銀二萬 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0079
Status: pardon · Action: received
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0095
Status: death-sentence-suspended · Action: sentenced · Label: decapitation after imprisonment / 斬監候 · Place: Beijing / 京師
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0094
Status: dismissal · Action: suffered · Label: stripped of office / 奪職
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0093

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:462:s0062, qingshigao:462:s0064
Place: Hefei, Anhui / 安徽合肥
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0057
Place: Shanhaiguan / 山海關 · Relation: posted-to
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0063
Organization: Huai Army / 淮軍 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0058

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: fugitive · Action: abandoned-Anju-and-Dingzhou-crossed-Yalu
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0091, qingshigao:462:s0092
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: abandoned-Gongju-and-fled
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0077
Kind: military · Role: soldier · Action: campaigned-against-Nian · Other Person Id: Liu Mingchuan (劉銘傳)
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0058
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: exaggerated-Seonghwan-report
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0079
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: failed-defense-of-Pyongyang
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0080, qingshigao:462:s0087
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: fought-at-Huai-City-Tianchang-Chahe
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0059
Kind: military · Role: fugitive · Action: raised-white-flag-then-fled-north
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0087
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: stationed-at-Asan · Other Person Id: Nie Shicheng (聶士成) · Place: Asan / 牙山
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0067
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: suppressed-Rehe-sect-rebels · Other Person Id: Li Guozhen (李國珍)
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0065, qingshigao:462:s0066
Relation: superior-of · Person Id: Jiang Zikang (江自康)
Explicit · qingshigao:460:s0017

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: falsely reported victories · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:460:s0016
Assessment: lost army and territory, shamelessly clung to life · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0098
Kind: injury · Statement: wounded at Huai City
Explicit · qingshigao:462:s0059

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 437Volume 437 Biographies 224: Rong Lu, Wang Wenshao, Zhang Zhidong, Qu Hongji · 1 passage

Open chapter

又：「葉志超、龔照嶼等敗軍辱國，罪當死。 He also wrote: "Ye Zhichao, Gong Zhaoyu, and others shamed the nation in defeat and deserve death.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 460Volume 460 Biographies 247: Zuo Baogui Younger Brother: Bao Xian, Yong Shan, Deng Shichang, Liu Buchan, Lin Taiceng, Dai Zongqian · 4 passages

Open chapter

是時葉志超虛飾戰胜狀，電李鴻章入告，遂拜總統諸軍命。 At that time Ye Zhichao dressed up false reports of victory and telegraphed Li Hongzhang with the news, and was accordingly appointed commander-in-chief of all forces.

於是汝貴、玉昆軍南門外大同江，志超部將江自康軍北門外小山，寶貴任城守。 Rugui and Yukun took position on the Datong River south of the southern gate; Ye Zhichao's subordinate Jiang Zikang held the hill north of the northern gate; and Baogui was charged with defending the city itself.

志超乃聚全軍為嬰城計。 Ye Zhichao then drew the whole army together to hold the city behind its walls.

志超將潰圍北歸，寶貴不從，以兵守志超勿令逸。 Ye Zhichao was preparing to break out northward; Baogui refused to go along and posted troops to keep Ye from slipping away.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 462Volume 462 Biographies 249: Ding Ruchang, Wei Rugui Younger Brother: Ru Cheng, Ye Zhichao · 20 passages

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丁汝昌衛汝貴弟汝成葉志超 Ding Ruchang; Wei Rugui; Ru Cheng, his younger brother; and Ye Zhichao

鴻章方據葉志超牒奏捷，俄而安東、鳳凰陷，踉蹌走岫岩，岫岩陷，走奉天。 Hongzhang was at that moment reporting victory on Ye Zhichao's word; soon Andong and Fengcheng fell, and Rugui fled in disarray to Xiuyan, then, when Xiuyan fell, on to Fengtian.

葉志超，字曙青，安徽合肥人。 Ye Zhichao, whose style was Shuqing, came from Hefei in Anhui.

戰淮城被創，仍奮擊卻之，逐北天長，又敗之汊河，賜號額圖渾巴圖魯。 Wounded in action at Huai City, he still drove the enemy back; pursuing north to Tianchang he defeated them again at Chahe and received the honorific Etu Hun Batulu.

越二年，熱河教匪亂，志超率師討之。 Two years later, when sect rebels rose in Rehe, Zhichao led an expedition against them.

志超遲留不進，鴻章責之，不得已啟行。 Zhichao lingered and refused to march; Hongzhang rebuked him, and he set out only when he had no choice.

而日軍已據王京要隘，牙山兵甚單，駐朝商務委員袁世凱數約志超電請北洋發戰艦赴仁川，增陸軍駐馬坡。 Japanese troops had already seized the key passes around the capital, and the detachment at Asan was dangerously small; Yuan Shikai, China's commercial commissioner in Korea, repeatedly urged Zhichao by wire to request Beiyang warships for Inchon and more infantry at Mapo.

鴻章始終欲據條約，恐增兵為彼藉口，勿許，並戒志超毋啟釁。 Hongzhang clung to treaty arguments, fearing reinforcements would give Japan a pretext, and refused; he also warned Zhichao not to provoke a clash.

士成謂志超曰：「海道既梗，牙山絕地，不可守。 Shicheng told Zhichao: "The sea lanes are cut, and Asan is an exposed salient—we cannot hold it.

志超從之。 Zhichao agreed.

日軍偪成歡，士成以無援敗，趨公州就志超。 Japanese forces pressed Seonghwan; without reinforcements Shicheng was beaten and fell back to Gongju to join Zhichao.

而志超已棄公州，間道出漢陽東，士成追及之。 Zhichao had already abandoned Gongju and slipped away east of Hanyang by a back road; Shicheng caught up with him there.

志超以成歡一役殺傷相當，鋪張電鴻章，鴻章以聞，獲嘉獎，賞銀二萬犒軍，拜總統諸軍之命。 Zhichao wired Hongzhang claiming that casualties at Seonghwan had been roughly even; Hongzhang passed the report upward, and Zhichao received imperial praise, twenty thousand taels to reward the troops, and command over all the forces in the field.

志超意甚滿，日置酒高會，徒築壘環砲為守。 Zhichao grew complacent, held lavish feasts every day, and did nothing but pile up earthworks and ring the city with guns.

東南二路戰少利，志超莫敢縱兵，趣回城。 On the southeastern fronts the fighting went slightly in China's favor, yet Zhichao would not commit his troops and ordered them back into the city.

志超將私逸，寶貴不從，以兵監之。 Zhichao tried to slip away on his own; Baogui refused to allow it and set guards over him.

志超亟樹白幟乞罷戰，日人議受降，請帥兵歸，弗許，乃潛向北走。 Zhichao hastily raised a white flag to sue for a truce; the Japanese talked of accepting surrender and letting him withdraw, but in the end refused; he then stole away north in secret.

志超奔安州，士成謂安地備險奧，可固守，弗聽。 Zhichao fled to Anju; Shicheng argued that its rugged terrain could be held, but Zhichao would not listen.

事聞，奪志超職，鴻章請留營效力，弗許。 When word reached the court, Zhichao was stripped of rank; Hongzhang asked that he be allowed to serve in camp, but the request was denied.

汝貴、志超喪師失地，遺臭鄰邦，靦然求活，終不免於國典，何其不知恥哉？ Rugui and Zhichao lost their armies and their territory, shamed China before its neighbors, yet calmly clung to life until the law caught them anyway—what could be more shameless?

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 6 passages

Open chapter

逾歲，日韓亂起，隨提督葉志超軍牙山。 A year later, when trouble broke out between Japan and Korea, he followed Provincial Commander Ye Zhichao's army to Asan.

聞高升兵艦毀，語志超曰：「海道梗，牙山不可守。 When he learned that the transport Kowshing had been sunk, he told Zhichao: "The sea lane is cut; Asan cannot be held.

從之。 Zhichao took his advice.

遂出險，往就志超。 They thus got clear of the trap and rejoined Zhichao.

志超已棄公州行，追及之。 Zhichao had already abandoned Gongju and marched on; Shicheng caught up with him.

志超逮問，宋慶接統諸軍，遣士成守虎山。 Zhichao was arrested and brought to trial; Song Qing took command of the armies and sent Shicheng to hold Tiger Mountain.