Yungong (允恭) | 24 Histories

Overview

Yungong was a Jin crown prince and father of Emperor Zhangzong, posthumously honored as Emperor Xianzong.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Changed name	Hutuwa	胡土瓦	Hútǔwǎ
Posthumous name	Embodying the Way Magnifying Benevolence Cultured Sagacious Bright and Filial Emperor	體道弘仁英文睿德光孝皇帝
Temple name	Xianzong	顯宗	Xiǎnzōng

Life and dates

Birth

AD 1146 皇統六年丙寅歲
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 45

Attested activity

AD 1161 大定元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 232-233
AD 1162 二年四月己卯
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 47
AD 1164 四年九月
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 64
AD 1146 皇統六年
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 45
AD 1169 九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passage 85
AD 1169 九年是月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 89-93

Show 10 more source-backed claims

AD 1184 二十四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 129-142
AD 1177 十七年五月甲辰
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 117-118
AD 1173 十三年十月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 109-110
AD 1179 十九年四月戊申
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 119-128
AD 1172 十二年五月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 106-108
AD 1175 十五年
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 116
AD 1174 十四年四月乙亥
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 111-115
AD 1170 十年一月丁亥
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 105
AD 1170 十年八月
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passages 94-104
AD 1161 to AD 1185 顯考（允恭）
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 35, passage 150

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Spouse of Lady Tushi (徒單氏)
consort 妃 · AD 1164 四年九月
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 64
Kin of Hu La (胡剌)
uncle 叔 · paternal line · Through Shizong (世宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 107
Sibling of Weizhong (惟中)
brother 兄弟 · Uncertain siblings
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 19, passages 109, 115
Sibling of Weigong (惟功)
brother 兄弟 · Uncertain siblings
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 19, passages 109, 115
Child of Shizong (世宗)
father 父
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 92, 136-137
Parent of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin (金章宗)
illustrious father 顯考
Directly stated · History of Jin 35, passage 150
Child of Empress Mingde (明德皇后)
mother 母
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 19, passage 138
Child of Empress Mingde (明德皇后)
mother 母
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 44
Kin of Weigong (惟功)
Prince of Sui 隋王 · paternal line
Uncertain · History of Jin 19, passage 85
Child of Shizong (世宗)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 44

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Jurchen 女直
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 19, passage 94

Career and standing

crown prince 皇太子
AD 1162 五月壬寅 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 48
guardian of the realm 守國
AD 1184 二十四年 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 129-130, 135
Prince of Chu 楚王
AD 1161 大定元年 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 233
Fell ill
AD 1167 七年 · Illness
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 82
Crown Prince 皇太子
Crown prince
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 93, 116

Places and affiliations

Jin
Relation Affiliated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 19, passage 44
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Of
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 93
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 35, passage 150
AD 1167 七年
At Linfang Hall in Qionlin Garden 瓊林苑臨芳殿 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 82
AD 1184 二十四年
At Jixian Hall 集賢殿 · Relation Received reports at
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 131
AD 1184 二十餘年
At Eastern Palace 東宮 · Relation Resided
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 138

Show 10 more source-backed claims

AD 1169 八月乙酉
At Caoliao 草濼 · Relation Returned from
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 91
AD 1179 十一月
At Kunhou Tomb 坤厚陵 · Relation Funeral procession
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 123
AD 1173 十一月甲午
At capital 京師 · Relation Returned to
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 110
AD 1177 十七年五月甲辰
At Changwu Hall 常武殿 · Relation Attended feast
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 117
AD 1173 十三年十月
At Bao Prefecture 保州 · Relation Hunted in
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 109
AD 1173 十三年十月
At Ding Prefecture 定州 · Relation Hunted in
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 109
AD 1174 十四年四月乙亥
At Chui Gong Hall 垂拱殿 · Relation Attended
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 111
AD 1170 十年一月丁亥
At Circular Mound 圓丘 · Relation Ritual at
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 105
AD 1170 十年八月
At Chenghua Hall 承華殿 · Relation Present at
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 94
AD 1172 十月己未
At Grand Temple 太廟 · Relation Ritual at
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 108

Learning and skills

studied with Confucian officials in Chenghua Hall 與諸儒臣講議于承華殿
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 52

Works and attributed material

essay admonishing brothers 誡兄弟文
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 115
Memorial · Speaker · With Shizong (世宗) · Direct quotation · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yungong (允恭)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 107
Memorial · Author · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 51, 57-58, 86
Speech · Speaker · With Niehe (涅合) · Direct quotation · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yungong (允恭)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 117
Speech · Speaker · With Zhang Zhongyu (張仲愈) · Direct quotation · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yungong (允恭)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 100-103
Speech · Speaker · With Shizong (世宗) · Direct quotation · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yungong (允恭)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 113-114, 138-139

Show 2 more source-backed claims

Speech · Speaker · With Wulinada Yuan (烏林答願) · Direct quotation · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yungong (允恭)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 121
Speech · Speaker · With Shuang (爽) · Direct quotation · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yungong (允恭)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 95, 97

Events and relationships

Annual kitchen grant
AD 1169 九月 · Fiscal · Beneficiary
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 93
Argued against Zonggan imperial title
Memorial · Author · With Zonggan (宗幹)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 126-128
Asked messenger about popular hardship
Inquiry · Questioner · At Shandong 山東
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 98-99
Drew spirit carriage on foot
AD 1179 十一月 · Funeral · Mourner · With Empress Mingde (明德皇后)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 123-125
Fifth rank officials ordered to pay respects
AD 1175 十五年 · Court · Recipient
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 116
Health inquiries by officials
AD 1169 是月 · Ritual · Subject
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 89-90

Show 12 more source-backed claims

Performed secondary offering at tu sacrifice
AD 1166 是年十月甲申 · Ritual · Officiant
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 81
Praised as the emperor's late father in a ritual text
AD 1195 明昌六年 · Posthumous commemoration · Honoree
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 35, passage 150
Returned from Caoliao
AD 1169 八月乙酉 · Travel · Returner · At Caoliao 草濼
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 91
Rites at grand temple
AD 1179 十九年四月戊申 · Ritual · Proxy officiant
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 119
Sub offering at circular mound
AD 1170 十年一月丁亥 · Ritual · Officiant
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 105
United sacrifice at grand temple
AD 1177 十月己卯 · Ritual · Proxy officiant
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 118
United sacrifice at grand temple
AD 1172 十月己未 · Ritual · Proxy officiant
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 108
Urged currency circulation
Policy · Proposer · With Zhang Zhongyu (張仲愈)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 101-104
AD 1169 丙戌
Audience · Received · With Shizong (世宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 92
AD 1177 十七年五月甲辰
Feast · Diner · With Niehe (涅合)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 117
AD 1173 十三年十月
Hunt · Participant · With Weizhong (惟中) · At Bao and Ding prefectures 保州、定州
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 109-110
AD 1174 十四年四月乙亥
Audience · Attendant · With Shizong (世宗)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 111

Assessments and attributes

Assessment composed-and-forbearing · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 117
Assessment filial-and-enduring-hardship · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 124-125
Assessment imposing frame; filial and careful in brotherhood · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 46
Assessment unlearned · With Shuang (爽) · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yungong (允恭)
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 97
frail body
Physical description
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 87
AD 1184 二十四年
Item Treasure for Guarding the Realm 守國之寶 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 129

Source notes

Served over twenty years in the Eastern Palace with many faults; for Empress Mingde's sake Shizong never reproached him
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 138
AD 1162 二年四月己卯
From Hutuwa 胡土瓦 · To Yundi 允迪
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 47
AD 1168 八年正月甲戌
From Yundi 允迪 · To Yungong 允恭
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 83

References in the histories

Search passages

History

40 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 19Volume 19 Annals 19: Ancenstral Records: Emperor Jingxuan Zongjun, Ruizong, Zongyao, Xianzong, Yungong · 39 passages

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顯宗體道弘仁英文睿德光孝皇帝，諱允恭，本諱胡土瓦，世宗第二子，母曰明德皇后烏林答氏。 Xianzong—posthumously Embodying the Way, Magnifying Benevolence, Cultured, Sagacious, Bright, and Filial—was taboo-named Yungong, born Hutuwa, Shizong's second son; his mother was Empress Mingde of the Ulinada clan.

乙酉，封楚王，置官屬。 On yiyou he was enfeoffed as Prince of Chu and a staff was appointed.

二年四月己卯，賜名允迪。 In the second year, fourth month, on jimao, he was given the name Yundi.

五月壬寅，立為皇太子，世守謂之曰：「在禮貴嫡，所以立卿。 In the fifth month, on renyin, he was installed as crown prince, and Shizong said to him, "Ritual honors the legitimate heir; that is why I have installed you.

帝上表謝。 The crown prince submitted a memorial of thanks.

九月庚子，詔東宮三師對皇太子稱名，少師以降稱臣。 In the ninth month, on gengzi, an edict required the Eastern Palace Three Masters to address the crown prince by name and the junior master and below to call themselves his ministers.

世宗聞儒者鄭松賢，松先為同知博州防禦事致仕，起為左諭德，詔免朝參，令輔太子讀書。 Shizong heard the scholar Zheng Song was excellent; Song had retired as Bozhou defense vice commissioner, was recalled as left instructor, excused from court attendance, and told to tutor the crown prince.

松以友諭自處，帝嘗顧松使取服帶，松對曰：「臣忝諭德，不敢奉命。」 Song held himself as a friend-instructor; the crown prince once motioned for Song to fetch his belt, and Song said, "I am honored as instructor and dare not take such orders."

帝改容稱善，自是益加禮遇。 The crown prince composed himself and praised him; thereafter his courtesy only increased.

故事，大賀鹵簿天子乘玉路，皇太子鹵簿乘金路。 By precedent, at major celebrations the emperor's guard rode the jade chariot and the crown prince's guard the gold chariot.

六年，世宗行自西京還都，禮官不知皇太子自有鹵簿金路，乃請太子就乘大駕綴路，行在天子之前。 In the sixth year, when Shizong returned from the Western Capital, ritual officials unaware that the crown prince had his own gold-chariot guard asked him to ride the imperial procession's trailing section ahead of the emperor on the road.

久之，將授太子冊寶，儀注備儀仗告太廟。 Later, as the crown prince's seal and treasure were to be conferred, the prescribed rites with full guards were announced at the ancestral temple.

皇太子乃用備禮，前後不稱，甚無謂也。」 The crown prince is given full ceremony; the two do not match—what sense is there?"

七年，帝有疾，詔左丞守道侍湯藥，徙居瓊林苑臨芳殿調治。 In the seventh year the crown prince fell ill; Shoudao was ordered to tend his medicine, and he moved to Linfang Hall in Qionlin Garden to recuperate.

八年正月甲戌，改賜名允恭。 In the eighth year, on jiaxu in the first month, he was renamed Yungong.

庚辰，受皇太子冊寶，帝上表謝。 On gengchen he received the crown prince's seal and treasure and submitted a memorial of thanks.

帝奏曰：「遠去闕廷，獨就涼地，非臣子所安，願罷行。」 The crown prince memorialized, "Leaving court for a cool place alone is no comfort for a subject; I ask that the trip be canceled."

丁丑，百官奉辭於都城之北，再拜，帝答拜。 On dingchou officials bade farewell north of the capital; they bowed twice and the crown prince bowed in return.

丙戌，入見，世宗曰：「吾兒相別經夏，極甚思憶也。」 On bingxu he was received in audience; Shizong said, "My son, a whole summer apart—I have missed you sorely."

九月，詔皇太子供膳勿月支，歲給五千萬。 In the ninth month an edict ended monthly kitchen payments to the crown prince and granted him fifty million a year.

十年八月，帝在承華殿經筵，太子太保壽王爽啟曰：「殿下頗未熟本朝語，何不屏去左右漢官，皆用女直人。」 In the eighth month of the tenth year, while the crown prince attended a classics lecture in Chenghua Hall, Shuang, Prince of Shou and Grand Guardian of the Crown Prince, said, "Your Highness is still weak in our tongue—why not dismiss the Han officials around you and use only Jurchens?"

帝曰：「諭德、贊善及侍從官，曷敢輒去？」 The crown prince said, "Instructors, aides, and attendants—how dare I dismiss them on a whim?"

帝曰：「宮官四員謂之諭德、贊善，義可見矣，而反欲去之，無學故也。」 The crown prince said, "Four palace officers are called instructors and aides—the point is obvious—yet you would remove them; you lack learning."

有使者自山東還，帝問民間何所苦，使者曰：「錢難最苦。 A messenger returned from Shandong; the crown prince asked what troubled the people most, and he said, "Scarce cash is the worst hardship.

帝曰：「貯之空室，雖多奚為。」 The crown prince said, "Hoarding it in empty rooms—of what use is plenty?"

十年一月丁亥，有事於圓丘，帝行亞獻禮。 In the tenth year, first month, on dinghai, rites were held at the Circular Mound and the Heir made the sub-offering.

帝徐奏曰：「叔胡剌性荒縱，耽娛樂，而無子嗣，忽如此狂謀，望更閱實之。」 The Heir submitted quietly, "Uncle Hu La is wild and dissipated, devoted to pleasures, and childless—such a rash plot is sudden; I beg the matter be checked again."

十月己未，祫享於太廟，帝攝行祀事。 In the tenth month, on jiwei, a united sacrifice was held at the Grand Temple and the Heir presided over the rites.

十四年四月乙亥，世宗禦垂拱殿，帝及諸王侍側。 In the fourteenth year, fourth month, on yihai, Shizong held audience at the Chui Gong Hall with the Heir and the princes in attendance.

帝對曰：「《思齊》之詩曰：'刑于寡妻，至於兄弟，以禦於家邦。 The Heir answered, "In the 'Si Qi' it is said, 'Be a model to your chief wife, reach your brothers, and thereby govern family and state.'

十五年，世宗詔五品職事官謝見皇太子。 In the fifteenth year Shizong ordered fifth-rank officeholders to pay their respects to the Crown Prince.

十七年五月甲辰，侍宴于常武殿，典食令涅合進粥，帝將食，有蜘蛛在粥碗中，涅合恐懼失措，帝從容曰：「蜘蛛吐絲乘空，忽墮此中爾，豈汝罪哉。」 In the seventeenth year, fifth month, on jiachen, at a feast in the Changwu Hall, Food Service director Niehe served porridge; as the Heir was about to eat, a spider sat in the bowl; Niehe panicked; the Heir said calmly, "The spider spun its thread and drifted down—how is that your fault?"

丁巳，詹事烏林答願入謝，帝命取襆頭腰帶，官屬請曰：「此見宰相師傅之禮也。」 On dingsi, Heir Apparent Household Manager Wulinada Yuan came to give thanks; the Heir had his formal cap and belt fetched; his staff said, "That is the ceremony for seeing the chief minister and tutor."

帝曰：「願事陛下久，以此加敬耳。」 The Heir said, "Yuan has served Your Majesty long—I show extra respect for that alone."

十一月，改葬明德皇后于坤厚陵，帝徒行挽靈車。 In the eleventh month Empress Mingde was moved to Kunhou Tomb; the Heir walked on foot and drew the spirit carriage.

遇大風雪，左右進雨具，帝卻之。 A great wind and snow struck; attendants offered rain gear; the Heir declined it.

海陵雖貶黜為庶人，宗幹尚稱明肅皇帝，議者以為未盡，帝具表奏論。 Though Hailing had been reduced to commoner rank, Zonggan was still called Emperor Mingsu; critics said this went too far; the Heir memorialized at length on the matter.

二十四年，世宗將幸上京，詔帝守國，作「守國之寶」以授之。 In the twenty-fourth year Shizong was going to the Upper Capital; he ordered the Heir to keep the realm and cast a "Treasure for Guarding the Realm" to give him.

帝對曰：「臣在東宮二十餘年，過失甚多，陛下以明德皇后之故未嘗見責。 The Heir answered, "I have been in the Eastern Palace over twenty years with many faults; for Empress Mingde's sake Your Majesty has never blamed me.

History of Jin, Chapter 35Volume 35 Treatises 16: Rites 8: Consecration of Shrines to a Sages; Temple to the Warrior King Cheng of Zhou; Monarchs of Past Ages; Halls to Various Spirits in Changbai Shan, Dafang Shan, Amur River, Jia Yin Hou; Spirits of the Lu River; Spirits of Zhao Yin Shun; Spirits of Zhen an Gong, Rui Shen Gongl; Worshipping, Sacrifices, Vists, and State Ceremonies at Zhen Xian Jun Wang Temple · 1 passage

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洪惟世宗，功昭列聖，亦越顯考，德利生民。 Great was Emperor Shizong, his merit manifest to the successive sages; also surpassing was my illustrious father, whose virtue benefited the living people.