Zhang Zongyu (張總愚)

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhang Zongyu as a bandit, general, and rebel. This record brings together 10 passages from 6 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhang Zongyu	張總愚	Zhang Zongyu
Personal name	Zhang Zongyu	張總愚	Zhang Zongyu
Personal name	Zhang Zongyu	張總愚
Given	Zongyu	總愚	Zongyu
Alternate	Zongyu	總愚	Zongyu

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:423:s0015, qingshigao:440:s0072, qingshigao:467:s0002
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:450:s0010, qingshigao:458:s0091

Roles

Bandit
General
Rebel

Life and dates

Death

Manner: drowned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治七年 · Western Year: AD 1868
Explicit · qingshigao:438:s0095
Manner: drowned himself / 自沉於河 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治七年 · Western Year: AD 1868
Explicit · qingshigao:467:s0114
Manner: drowned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 捻匪平 · Western Year: AD 1868
Explicit · qingshigao:450:s0022

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 同治七年 · Western Year: AD 1868
Explicit · qingshigao:440:s0072
Source Date: Text: 同治四年 · Western Year: AD 1865
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:423:s0090
Source Date: Text: 同治四年 · Western Year: AD 1865
Explicit · qingshigao:438:s0084, qingshigao:438:s0085
Source Date: Text: 同治四年至六年之間 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1865 · End: AD 1867
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:458:s0091
Source Date: Text: 同治間 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:450:s0010
Source Date: Text: 明年西捻 · Western Year: AD 1868
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:467:s0112, qingshigao:467:s0114

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: active-in
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:450:s0010
Polity: Qing · Relation: active-in
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0091

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: attacked Xinfeng and was defeated by Tang Jiong · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治四年至六年之間 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1865 · End: AD 1867 · Other Person Id: Tang Jiong (唐炯)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0091
Kind: military · Role: rebel · Action: fled-north · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治七年 · Western Year: AD 1868
Explicit · qingshigao:440:s0072

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 2 passages

Open chapter

四年，張總愚犯畿輔，耕雲從巡撫李鶴年進軍磁州，建策築長圍斷賊歸路。 In the fourth year (1865), when Zhang Zongyu raided the capital region, Gengyun marched with Governor Li Henian to Cizhou and proposed a long encirclement to cut off the rebels' retreat.

張總愚自南台山中出竄內、淅，時虞合併； Zhang Zongyu had broken from the Nantai mountains into Henan and Zhejiang, with fear they might join forces;

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 438Volume 438 Biographies 225: Yan Jingming, Zhang Zhiwan, Lu Chuan Lin, Lin Shaonian · 3 passages

Open chapter

西捻張總愚竄鄧州，藍大順走西坪，謀與合。 Western Nian leader Zhang Zongyu fled to Dengzhou while Lan Dashun moved toward Xiping, planning to join forces with him.

張曜既敗總愚重陽店，乘勝襲西坪，大順亦敗走。 Zhang Yao had already defeated Zongyu at Chongyangdian and, pressing his advantage, attacked Xiping. Dashun was also defeated and fled.

七年，會剿西捻，總愚溺死，東南大定。 In the seventh year, in joint operations against the western Nian, Zongyu drowned and the southeast was largely pacified.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 440Volume 440 Biographies 227: Ying Gui, Zong Shizailing, En Cheng, Zong Shifukun, Chong Li, Yu De · 1 passage

Open chapter

七年，捻匪張總愚北竄，恩承總統神機營馬步兵往雄、霸扼防。 In the seventh year, when Nian rebel Zhang Zongyu fled north, En Cheng took command of the Divine Engine Corps' cavalry and infantry to block him at Xiong'an and Bazhou.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 450Volume 450 Biographies 237: Li Henian, Wen Bin, Ren Daorong, Xu Zhenyi, Wu Dacheng · 2 passages

Open chapter

於是宋慶等軍大破張總愚睢州，鶴年親赴陳、留、杞督戰。 Song Qing's forces then won a major victory over Zhang Zongyu at Suizhou, while Henian went in person to Chen, Liu, and Qi counties to direct operations.

總愚溺死，捻匪平，照一等軍功議敘。 When Zhang Zongyu drowned and the Nian rebellion was suppressed, Henian was recommended for reward on the basis of first-class military merit.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 458Volume 458 Biographies 245: Xu Yanxu, Tang Jiong, He Jing, Zhang Zhaodong · 1 passage

Open chapter

捻首張總愚犯新豐，大敗之。 When the Nian leader Zhang Zongyu attacked Xinfeng, Jiong inflicted a crushing defeat on him.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 1 passage

Open chapter

會霖雨，寇多陷淖死，榮光復躡之東北，勢益蹙，張總愚自沉於河。 When torrential rains came, many rebels sank in the mud and died; Rongguang pursued them northeast; their plight grew desperate, and Zhang Zongyu drowned himself in the river.