Zhu Youning (朱友寧)

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhu Youning as a family member, general, military officer, and royal family member. This record brings together 19 passages from 3 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhu Youning	朱友寧	Zhu Youning
Courtesy	Anren	安仁	Ānrén
Title	Prince of An	安王	Ān Wáng
Personal	You Ning	友寧	Yǒu Níng
Personal name	Youning	友寧	Youning
Personal	Zhu Youning	友寧	Zhū Yǒuníng

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:011:s0027, jiuwudaishi:012:s0024, xinwudaishi:023:s0041

Roles

Family Member
General
Military Officer
Royal Family Member

Life and dates

Death

Manner: beheaded in battle · Responsible Person Id: Wang Jingren (王景仁)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0044
Manner: killed in battle · Place: Shilou / 石樓
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0042

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: Taizu's Qingzhou campaign · Western Year: AD 905
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0041, xinwudaishi:023:s0044
Source Date: Text: 友寧、友倫皆立軍功 · Western Interval: Start: AD 907 · End: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:011:s0027
Source Date: Text: 昭宗歸長安 · Western Year: AD 903
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:012:s0033
Source Date: Text: 開平初 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0067

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Kin of Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠)
Kinship Term: brother's son / nephew / 兄子 · Subject Role: uncle · Object Role: nephew
Kinship Term: imperial nephew / 皇侄 · Subject Role: nephew · Object Role: uncle
Child of Taizu of Liang (太祖)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Career and standing

Label: military commissioner of Lingnan West / 嶺南西道節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0033
Label: regional commissioner / fangzhen / 方鎮 · Action: reached
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:011:s0027
Label: Welcoming-the-Carriage Resolute Warrior / 迎鑾毅勇功臣 · Action: granted
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0033
Title: Prince of An / 安王 · Action: posthumously enfeoffed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 開平初 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0067

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: attacked Wang Shifan's camps at Qingzhou and was defeated and beheaded by Wang Jingren · Other Person Ids: Wang Shifan (王師範), Wang Jingren (王景仁)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0041, xinwudaishi:023:s0042, xinwudaishi:023:s0043, xinwudaishi:023:s0044
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Wang Shifan (王師範) · Place: Qi prefecture / 齊州
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0032
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: massacred city · Place: Bochang / 博昌
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0041
Kind: military · Role: officer · Action: won-military-merit
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:011:s0027
Relation: subordinate-of · Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0025

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: dashing temper · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0024

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Book of Later Liang 11: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 1 passage

Open chapter

友寧、友倫皆立軍功，位至方鎮。）〉 Youning and Youlun both won military honors and rose to govern provinces.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Book of Later Liang 12: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 13 passages

Open chapter

安王友寧，字安仁，少習詩禮，長喜兵法，有倜儻之風。 You Ning, Prince of An (courtesy name Anren), studied the classics as a boy and warfare as a man, with a dashing temper.

及擒秦宗權，太祖令友寧監送宗權西獻於長安，詔加檢校右散騎常侍、行右監門衛將軍。 After the capture of Qin Zongquan the Founder sent You Ning to escort him to Chang'an; the court promoted him to acting palace attendant and acting gate guard commander.

太祖駐軍岐下，遣友寧領所部兵先歸梁苑，以備守禦。 While the Founder camped near Qi he sent You Ning ahead with his division to secure the Eastern Capital.

會有青人詣裴迪言其狀，迪以事告，友寧不俟命乃率兵萬餘人東討。 A Qing informer told Pei Di, who reported to You Ning; without waiting for orders You Ning marched east with ten thousand men.

友寧引兵救之，青寇大敗，奪馬四千蹄，斬首數千級。 You Ning relieved the city and routed the Qing forces, taking four thousand horses and thousands of heads.

及昭宗歸長安，朝廷議迎駕功，友寧授嶺南西道節度使，加特進、檢校司徒，賜號迎鑾毅勇功臣。 After Emperor Zhaozong's return to Chang'an the court rewarded those who had escorted him: You Ning became military commissioner of Lingnan West, Special Grandee, and acting Minister of Works, with the honorific Welcoming-the-Carriage Resolute Warrior.

友寧知之，伏兵於兗南邀之，大破賊眾，竟無免者。 You Ning set an ambush south of Yan, destroyed the force, and left no survivor.

自是兗壁危窘，友寧督諸軍進逼營兵。 With Yanzhou hard pressed, You Ning drove his columns against the rebel encampment.

友寧乃下俘民眾十餘萬，各領負木石、牽牛驢，於城南為土山。 You Ning drove more than a hundred thousand captives—each hauling timber and stone behind oxen and donkeys—to heap an assault ramp south of the walls.

及進迫寇壘，與青人戰於石樓，王師小卻，友寧旁自峻阜馳騎以赴敵，所乘馬蹶而仆，遂沒於陣。 Pressing the rebel stronghold at Shilou, he charged from a ridge when the royal army slightly wavered; his horse fell and he died in the melee.

友寧將戰之前日，有大白蛇蟠於帳中，友寧心惡之，既而果遇禍焉。 On the eve of battle a great white snake coiled in his tent—an omen he loathed—and the next day he was killed.

皇侄故邕州節度使友寧、故容州節度使友倫，頃因締構，俱習韜鈐，並以戰功，歿於王事，永言帶礪，合議封崇。」 Imperial nephews You Ning, late commissioner of Yong, and You Lun, late commissioner of Rong, were trained in war from the founding days and died in service; they deserve posthumous honors befitting founders of the house."

於是存追封朗王，友寧追封安王，友倫追封密王。 Cun was posthumously created Prince of Lang, You Ning Prince of An, and You Lun Prince of Mi.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 5 passages

Open chapter

梁太祖遣子友寧攻王師範於青州，師範乞兵於行密，行密遣景仁以步騎七千救師範。 Taizu of Liang sent his son Youning against Wang Shifan at Qingzhou. Shifan begged Xingmi for aid, and Xingmi sent Jingren with seven thousand foot and horse to relieve him.

師範以兵背城為兩柵，友寧夜擊其一柵，柵中告急，趣景仁出戰，景仁按兵不動。 Shifan built two palisaded camps with his back to the wall. Youning struck one by night; the camp cried for help and begged Jingren out, but Jingren held his men still.

友寧已破一柵，連戰不已。 Youning broke one camp and kept fighting without rest.

遲明，景仁度友寧兵已困，乃出戰，大敗之，遂斬友寧，以其首報行密。 At dawn Jingren judged Youning’s men spent, went out, and routed them. He beheaded Youning and sent the head to Xingmi.

是時，梁太祖方攻鄆州，聞子友寧死，以兵二十萬倍道而至，景仁閉壘示怯，伺梁兵怠，毀柵而出，驅馳疾戰，戰酣退坐，召諸將飲酒，已而復戰。 Taizu was then besieging Yun prefecture. When he heard of Youning’s death he came with two hundred thousand men at forced march. Jingren shut the ramparts and played timid; when Liang slackened he tore down the palisades and charged. Battle ran hot; he withdrew to sit, called his generals to drink, then went back in.