Zongyao (宗堯) | 24 Histories

Overview

Zongyao was a ruler.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Changed name	Woliduo	訛裏朵	Élǐduǒ
Posthumous name	Emperor Jiansu	簡肅皇帝
Temple name	Ruizong	睿宗	Ruìzōng

Life and dates

Death

AD 1135 十三年
At Guizhou 媯州
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 39

Age

40
AD 1135 十三年 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 39

Attested activity

AD 1135 十三年
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 39
AD 1127 天會五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passage 222
AD 1122 天輔六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 19, passage 15
AD 1115 to AD 1123 太祖諸子
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 69, passage 7
AD 1115 to AD 1124 睿宗寬恕好施惠
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 211

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of Empress Qinren (欽仁皇后)
ancestral aunt 祖姑
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 33, passage 176
Child of Empress Xuanxian (宣獻皇后)
bore 生
Directly stated · History of Jin 69, passage 7
Spouse of Empress Qinci (欽慈皇后)
consort 后
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 99
Spouse of Empress Zhenyi (貞懿皇后)
consort 后
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 99
Child of Emperor Taizu of Jin (金太祖)
father 父
son 子
sons 諸子 · paternal line
Sources vary in certainty · History of Jin 69, passage 7; History of Jin 59, passage 461; History of Jin 19, passage 14
Parent of Emperor Shizong of Jin (金世宗)
father 父
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 99
Parent of Wulibu (吾里補)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 583
Parent of Shizong (世宗)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 583

Kinship Role sons · Count 2
Directly stated · History of Jin 59, passage 583
Kinship Role descendants · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 211

Key source chapters

Career and standing

right deputy commander-in-chief 右副元帥
AD 1127 天會五年 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 222
left deputy commander-in-chief 左副元帥
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 38
Emperor Ruizong Lide Xianren Qisheng Guangyun Wenwu Jiansu 睿宗立德顯仁啟聖廣運文武簡肅皇帝
Augmented
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 102
Emperor Jiansu 簡肅皇帝
Posthumously conferred
Directly stated · History of Jin 32, passage 99
Grand Preceptor and Upper Pillar of State 太師、上柱國
AD 1157 正隆二年 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 41
Prince of Ji 冀國王
AD 1146 皇統六年 · Advanced
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 40

Show 2 more source-backed claims

Prince of Xu 許王
AD 1157 正隆二年 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 41
Prince of Lu 潞王
AD 1135 十三年 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 39

Places and affiliations

Jin 金
Relation Belonged to
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 59, passage 2
Jin
Relation Affiliated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 19, passage 11
Polity Jin 金 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 32, passage 99
AD 1162 二年
At Jingling on Great Fang Mountain 大房山景陵 · Relation Buried at
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 43
AD 1127 天會五年
At Yanjing 燕京 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 222

Events and relationships

Defeated Ma Kuo
AD 1128 天會六年 · Military · Commander · With Ma Kuo (馬括) · At Le'an 樂安
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 224
Defeated Zhang Jun at Fuping
Military · Commander · With Zhang Jun (張浚) · At Fuping 富平
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 28
Pacified Hebei
AD 1128 天會六年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 231
Portrait moved
AD 1162 大定二年 · Ritual · Honoree · At Yansqing Palace 衍慶宮
Directly stated · History of Jin 33, passage 10

Assessments and attributes

Assessment forgiving and generous in bestowing favor · Mode named-source Source Work old histories 舊史
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 211
Assessment massive and imposing; forgiving, generous, honest · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passages 12-13

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Jin 33, passage 10
after Xizong failed and Hailing died, those who gained the great throne were all his descendants
Directly stated · History of Jin 19, passage 211

References in the histories

Search passages

History

27 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 19Volume 19 Annals 19: Ancenstral Records: Emperor Jingxuan Zongjun, Ruizong, Zongyao, Xianzong, Yungong · 7 passages

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睿宗立德顯仁啟聖廣運文武簡肅皇帝諱宗堯，初諱宗輔，本諱訛裏朵，大定上尊諡，追上今諱。 Ruizong—posthumously the Virtuous, Manifest, Initiating-Sagacity, Broad-Fortune, Literary-Martial, Simple-and-Solemn Emperor—was taboo-named Zongyao, first Zongfu, born Woliduo; in the Dading era his honors were raised and he received the name he bears now.

以八月往陝西，或使宗弼遂將以行，或宗輔、宗幹、希尹中以一人往。」 In the eighth month march on Shaanxi—either Zongbi leads the whole way, or one of Zongfu, Zonggan, and Xiyin goes."

十三年，行次媯州薨，年四十，陪葬睿陵，追封潞王，諡襄穆。 In Tianhui 13, he died while traveling through Guizhou at the age of forty. He was buried beside Ruiling and posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Lu, with the posthumous name Xiangmu.

皇統六年，進冀國王。 In the sixth year of Huangtong he was raised to Prince of Ji.

正隆二年，追贈太師、上柱國，改封許王。 In the second year of Zhenlong he was posthumously made grand preceptor and upper pillar of state and enfeoffed as Prince of Xu.

世宗即位，追上尊諡立德顯仁啟聖廣運文武簡肅皇帝，廟號睿宗。 At Shizong's accession he received the full posthumous title and the temple name Ruizong.

舊史稱睿宗寬恕好施惠，熙宗不終，海陵隕斃，自時厥後，得大位者皆其子孫，有以夫。 Old histories call Ruizong forgiving and generous; Xizong did not last, Hailing died violently — thereafter the great throne passed only to his line; there was reason in it.

History of Jin, Chapter 32Volume 32 Treatises 13: Rites 5: Conferring of Posthumous Titles · 6 passages

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大定三年，增上睿宗尊諡。 In Dading 3 the court augmented Ruizong's posthumous title.

先是，元年十一月十六日，追冊皇考曰簡肅皇帝，廟號睿宗，皇妣蒲察氏欽慈皇后，皇妣李氏貞懿皇后。 Earlier, on the sixteenth day of the eleventh month of the first year, the late emperor's father was posthumously enshrined as Emperor Jiansu, with the temple name Ruizong; his mother of the Pucha clan was titled Empress Qinci, and his mother of the Li clan was titled Empress Zhenyi.

二年八月一日，有司奏：「祖宗諡號或十六字，或十四字，或十二字，即今睿宗皇帝更合增上尊諡，於升祔前奉冊寶。」 On the first day of the eighth month of the second year the relevant offices memorialized: 'The posthumous titles of the imperial ancestors run to sixteen, fourteen, or twelve characters; Emperor Ruizong should now receive an augmented posthumous title, with registers and seals presented before he is enshrined in the main ancestral line.'

十七日，左平章元宜等奏請增上尊諡曰睿宗立德顯仁啟聖廣運文武簡肅皇帝。 On the seventeenth day Left Chief Councillor Yuan Yi and others memorialized, asking that the augmented posthumous title be Emperor Ruizong Lide Xianren Qisheng Guangyun Wenwu Jiansu.

有司奏：「睿宗皇帝未經升祔，合無于衍慶宮聖武殿設神禦床案？」 The relevant offices memorialized: 'Emperor Ruizong has not yet been enshrined in the main ancestral line; should a spirit couch and table be set up in the Shengwu Hall of Yanqing Palace?'

又言：「大定三年追尊睿宗皇帝禮儀，大安殿前立黃麾仗一千人，應天門外行仗二千人，皇帝服通天冠、絳紗袍，隨冊寶降自西階，搢圭，跪，捧冊寶授太尉。 They stated again: 'In the Dading 3 ritual for posthumously honoring Emperor Ruizong, one thousand yellow-banner guards were stationed before Da'an Hall and two thousand outer guards before Yingtian Gate; the emperor wore the tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe, followed the registers and seals down the western steps, inserted the jade tablet, knelt, and presented the registers and seals to the Grand Mentor.

History of Jin, Chapter 33Volume 33 Treatises 14: Rites 6: Original Shrines, Invocation Ceremonies, Pilgrimages, Other Temples · 10 passages

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大定二年，以睿宗禦容奉遷衍慶宮。 In Dading 2, the imperial portrait of Emperor Ruizong was ceremonially moved to Yansqing Palace.

十五年二月，有司言東京開覺寺藏睿宗皇帝皁衣展裹真容，敕遷本京祖廟奉祀，仍易袍色。 In the second month of the fifteenth year, the responsible offices reported that Kaijue Temple in the Eastern Capital held the true portrait of Emperor Ruizong in black robes with outspread wrapping. An edict ordered it moved to the capital's ancestral temple for worship and the robe color changed.

明年四月，詔依奉安睿宗禮，奉安世祖禦容于衍慶宮。 In the fourth month of the following year, an edict directed that the imperial portrait of Emperor Shizu be installed in Yansqing Palace following the rites used for Emperor Ruizong.

乃敕于聖武殿東西興建世祖、太宗、睿宗殿位。 An edict then ordered halls for Emperors Shizu, Taizong, and Ruizong built to the east and west of Shengwu Hall.

既而複欲擇地建太宗殿於歸仁館，有司言：「山陵太祖、太宗、睿宗共一兆域，太廟世祖、太祖、太宗、睿宗亦同堂異室。 Later they again wished to build a hall for Emperor Taizong at Guiren Lodge. The responsible offices reported: "At the mountain tombs, Emperors Taizu, Taizong, and Ruizong share one burial precinct; in the Grand Ancestral Temple, Emperors Shizu, Taizu, Taizong, and Ruizong share one hall with separate chambers.

乃定世祖殿曰廣德、閣曰燕昌，太宗殿曰丕承、閣曰光昭，睿宗殿曰天興、閣曰景福。 Shizu's hall was named Guangde and his pavilion Yanchang; Taizong's hall Picheng and pavilion Guangzhao; Ruizong's hall Tianxing and pavilion Jingfu.

次睿宗禦容奉安於天興殿，禮亦如之。 Next Emperor Ruizong's portrait was installed at Tianxing Hall with the same rites.

是年五月，遷聖安寺睿宗皇帝禦容于衍慶宮，皇太子親王宰執奉迎安置。 In the fifth month of that year, Emperor Ruizong's portrait was moved from Sheng'an Temple to Yansqing Palace; the crown prince, princes, and chief councillors welcomed and installed it.

大定二十一年五月十二日，睿宗忌辰，有司更定儀禮。 On the twelfth day of the fifth month of Dading 21, the anniversary of Emperor Ruizong's death, the responsible offices revised the ritual protocol.

三年十月七日，太廟祫享，升祔睿宗皇帝並昭德皇后，神主同時製造題寫，奉詣殿庭，謁畢祔于祖姑欽仁皇后之左，享祀畢，奉主還本廟。 On the seventh day of the tenth month of the third year, at the Grand Ancestral Temple's di and xia offering, Emperor Ruizong and Empress Zhaode were elevated to joint worship. Spirit tablets were made and inscribed at the same time, borne to the forecourt, and after audience installed to the left of the ancestral aunt Empress Qinren. When the offering was complete, the tablets were returned to their own temple.

History of Jin, Chapter 59Volume 59 Tables 1: Imperial Family · 3 passages

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大定以前稱「宗室」，明昌以後避睿宗諱稱「內族」，其實一而已，書名不書氏，其制如此。 Before Dading they were called "Imperial Clan"; after Mingchang, to avoid the taboo on Ruizong, "Inner Kin"—the same group in fact. Registers record personal names, not clan names; that was the rule.

右太祖子，與景宣、睿宗凡十六人。 Listed at right: sons of Taizu—sixteen in all, with Jingxuan and Ruizong.

右睿宗子，與世宗凡二人。 Listed at right: sons of Ruizong—two in all, with Shizong.

History of Jin, Chapter 69Volume 69 Biographies 7: Taizu Sons: Zong Jun Formerly Named Eluguan, Zong Jie Formerly Named Meiliye, Zong Qiang Formerly Named Alu, Son: Shuang (Formerly Named Alin) Kexi, a Suo, Zong Min Formerly Named Alubu, Yuan Formerly Named Changsheng · 1 passage

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宣獻皇后生睿宗、豳王訛魯朵。 Empress Xuanxian bore Ruizong and Prince Bin Eluduo.