1
八年春正月己酉朔，蒿齊忒部台吉噶爾馬撒望、儲護爾率所部來歸。 辛亥，以布丹為議政大臣。 甲寅，和碩英親王阿濟格謀亂，幽之。 其黨郡王勞親降貝子，席特庫等論死。 乙卯，以蘇克薩哈、詹岱為議政大臣。 丙辰，罷漢中歲貢柑及江南橘、河南石榴。 戊午，罷諸處織造督進官役及陝西歲貢羢褐皮革。 命和碩睿親王多爾袞子多爾博襲爵。 己未，罷臨清歲造城磚。 庚申，上親政，御殿受賀，大赦。 詔曰：「朕躬親大政，總理萬幾。 天地祖宗，付託甚重。 海內臣庶，望治甚殷。 自惟涼德，夙夜祗懼。 天下至大，政務至繁，非朕躬所能獨理。 凡我諸王貝勒及文武群臣，其各殫忠盡職，潔己愛人，利弊悉以上聞，德意期於下究。 百姓亦宜咸體朕心，務本樂業，共享泰寧之慶。」 孔有德克桂林，斬故明靖江王及文武官四百七十三人，餘黨悉降。 壬戌，罷江西歲進龍碗。 丙寅，以夏一鶚為江西巡撫。 丁卯，升祔孝端文皇后於太廟。 追尊故攝政王多爾袞為成宗義皇帝，祔於太廟。 移內三院于禁城。 己巳，以伊圖為議政大臣。 免安州芝棉稅。 丁丑，復封端重郡王博洛、敬謹郡王尼堪為和碩親王。 以鞏阿岱、鰲拜為議政大臣。 戊寅，以巴圖魯詹、杜爾瑪為議政大臣。
In spring of the eighth year, on jiyou—the first day of the first month—Garmasavan, taiji of the Hoqit tribe, and Chuhuer led their people in submission. On xinhai, Budan was made Grand Councilor. On jiayin, Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, was found to have plotted rebellion and was placed in confinement. His associates were punished: Prince Laoqin was reduced to beile rank; Xitekou and others were condemned to death. On yimao, Suksaha and Zhandai were appointed Grand Councilors. On bingchen, the yearly tribute of tangerines from Hanzhong, oranges from Jiangnan, and pomegranates from Henan was discontinued. On wuwu, supervisory officials and corvée labor for imperial textile workshops throughout the realm were abolished, along with Shaanxi's annual tribute of felt and leather. Dorboo, son of Dorgon, Prince Regent of the First Rank of Rui, was ordered to succeed to his father's title. On jiwei, Linqing's yearly production of city bricks was halted. On gengshen the Emperor took personal charge of government, received congratulations in the hall, and proclaimed a general amnesty. An edict read: "I have assumed government in person and direct the myriad affairs of state. Heaven and Earth and the ancestral temple have laid upon me a weighty trust. Officials and commoners throughout the realm long for good government with keen urgency. When I reflect on my slight virtue, I tremble in awe day and night. The realm is vast and government affairs are manifold—matters I cannot manage alone. Let all you princes, beiles, and civil and military ministers each give your utmost loyalty, keep your persons pure and cherish the people, report every benefit and harm to me, and ensure that benevolent policy reaches those below. The people too should share my heart, devote themselves to their proper work and live in contented industry, and together enjoy the blessings of peace and ease." Kong Youde took Guilin, executed the former Ming Prince of Jingjiang and four hundred seventy-three civil and military officers; the remaining partisans all surrendered. On renxu, Jiangxi's yearly tribute of dragon bowls was discontinued. On bingyin, Xia Yi'e was appointed Governor of Jiangxi. On dingmao, Empress Xiaoduanwen was raised to joint enshrinement in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The late Prince Regent Dorgon was posthumously honored as Emperor Chengzong Yi and given a place in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The Inner Three Academies were relocated within the Forbidden City. On jisi, Yitu was appointed Grand Councilor. The zhimian cotton tax in Anzhou was remitted. On dingchou, Boluo, Prince of Duanyu, and Nikan, Prince of Jingjin, were again enfeoffed as princes of the first rank. Gongadai and Oboi were appointed Grand Councilors. On wuyin, Baturlu Zhan and Du'erma were appointed Grand Councilors.
2
二月庚辰，進封滿達海為和碩巽親王，多尼為和碩信親王，羅可鐸為多羅平郡王，瓦克達為多羅謙郡王，傑書為多羅康郡王。 更定錢制，每百文准銀一錢。 辛巳，免朔州、渾源、大同荒賦。 癸未，羅什、博爾惠有罪，論死。 上欲宥其死，群臣執奏不可，遂伏誅。 戊子，上昭聖慈壽皇太后尊號。 己丑，大赦。 免汶上等五縣六、七兩年災賦。 辛卯，罷邊外築城之役，加派錢糧准抵八年正賦，官吏捐輸酌給議敘並免之。 癸巳，蘇克薩哈、詹岱、穆濟倫首告故攝政王多爾袞逆節皆實，籍其家，誅其黨何洛會、胡錫。 甲午，免山西荒賦。 戊戌，封貝勒岳樂為多羅安郡王。 己亥，暴多爾袞罪於中外，削其尊號及母妻追封，撤廟享。 庚子，調陳泰為吏部尚書，以韓岱為刑部尚書。 辛丑，上幸南苑。 壬寅，命孔有德移駐桂林。 癸卯，上還宮。 乙巳，封和碩肅親王豪格子富壽為和碩顯親王。
In the second month, on gengchen, Mandahai was promoted to Prince Xun of the First Rank; Doni to Prince Xin of the First Rank; Luoketuo to Prince of Ping Commandery; Wakada to Prince of Qian Commandery; and Jieshu to Prince of Kang Commandery. The currency standard was revised so that one hundred cash equaled one mace of silver. On xinsi, land tax was remitted for famine districts in Shuozhou, Hunyuan, and Datong. On guimao, Luo Shi and Bo'erhui were found guilty and condemned to death. The Emperor wished to spare them, but the ministers pressed their memorials that this could not be permitted, and the two were executed. On wuzi, the Emperor bestowed an honorific title on Empress Dowager Zhaosheng Cishou. On jichou, a general amnesty was proclaimed. Disaster land tax was remitted for five counties including Wen, for the sixth and seventh years. On xinmao, labor on frontier fortifications was stopped; extra levies of grain and cash might be credited against the eighth year's regular tax; and officials' contributions were to be weighed for merit review and exemption as appropriate. On guisi, Suksaha, Zhandai, and Mujilun were first to report that the late Prince Regent Dorgon's treasonous conduct was fully substantiated; his household goods were confiscated, and his partisans Helohui and Hu Xi were put to death. On jiawu, land tax was remitted for famine districts in Shanxi. On wuxu, Beile Yuele was enfeoffed as Prince of An Commandery. On jihai, Dorgon's crimes were published at home and abroad; his posthumous title and the posthumous honors of his mother and wife were revoked, and his place in the ancestral temple was abolished. On gengzi, Chen Tai was transferred to Minister of Personnel and Han Dai was appointed Minister of Justice. On xinchou, the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On renyin, Kong Youde was ordered to take up garrison at Guilin. On guimao, the Emperor returned to the palace. On yisi, Fushou, son of Hoboi, Prince Su of the First Rank, was enfeoffed as Prince Xian of the First Rank.
3
閏二月戊申朔，湖南餘寇牛萬才率所部降。 庚戌，封和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗子濟度為多羅簡郡王，勒度為多羅敏郡王。 甲寅，諭曰：「國家紀綱，首重廉吏。 邇來有司貪污成習，百姓失所，殊違朕心。 總督巡撫，任大責重，全在舉劾得當，使有司知所勸懲。 今所舉多冒濫，所劾多微員，大貪大惡乃徇縱之，何補吏治？ 吏部其詳察以聞。」 調黨崇雅為戶部尚書，金之俊為兵部尚書，劉餘祐為刑部尚書，謝啟光為工部尚書。 免祥符等六縣七年災賦。 乙卯，進封碩塞為和碩承澤親王。 諭曰：「榷關之設，國家藉以通商，非苦之也。 稅關官吏，擾民行私，無異劫奪。 朕灼知商民之苦。 今後每關設官一員，悉裁冗濫，並不得妄咨勤勞，更與銓補。」 丙辰，諭督撫甄別有司才德並優兼通文義者擢之，不識文義任役作奸者黜之，吏部授官校試文義不通者除名。 己未，總兵官許爾顯克肇慶、羅定，徐成功克高州。 禁喇嘛貢佛像、銅塔及番犬。 壬戌，幽阿濟格於別室，籍其家，削貝子勞親爵為庶人。 乙丑，大學士馮銓、尚書謝啟光等以罪免。 諭曰：「國家設官，必公忠自矢，方能裨益生民，共襄盛治。 朕親政以來，屢下詔令，嘉與更始。 乃部院諸臣因仍前弊，持祿養交。 朕親行黜陟，與天下見之。 自今以後，其淬礪前非，各盡厥職。 若仍上下交欺，法必不貸。」 丙寅，諭曰：「各省土寇，本皆吾民，迫於飢寒，因而為亂。 年來屢經撲剿，而管兵將領，殺良冒功，真盜未殲，民乃荼毒，朕深痛之。 嗣後各督撫宜剿撫並施，勿藉捕擾民，以稱朕意。」 丁卯，孔有德克梧州、柳州。 戊辰，大學士洪承疇兼都察院左都御史，陳之遴為禮部尚書，張鳳翔為工部尚書。 己巳，裁江南、陝西督餉侍郎，淮安總理漕運侍郎。 庚午，固山額真阿喇善等剿山東賊。 壬申，免涿、良鄉等十三州縣圈地。 乙亥，定阿附多爾袞諸臣罪，剛林、祁充格俱坐罪。 丁丑，諭曰：「故明宗籓，前以恣行不軌，多被誅戮，朕甚憫焉。 自後有流移失所甘心投誠者，有司禮送京師，加恩畜養。 鎮國將軍以下，即其地佔籍為民，各安厥業。」 免宛平災賦。
In the intercalary second month, on wushen—the first day of the month—Niu Wancai, a remaining Hunan rebel, led his band in surrender. On gengxu, Jidu, son of Jirhalang, Prince of Zheng of the First Rank, was made Prince of Jian Commandery, and Ledu Prince of Min Commandery. An edict said: "In the ordering of the state, upright officials are held foremost. Of late local officials have made corruption their habit, and the people have lost their livelihood—far from my intent. Governors-general and governors bear heavy charge; everything turns on whether promotion and punishment are rightly applied, so that officials know what to strive for and what to fear. Yet what you now recommend is mostly unworthy men, while what you impeach is mostly petty officers; great greed and great wickedness you let pass—what good does this do governance? Let the Ministry of Personnel investigate in detail and report. Dang Chongya was transferred to Minister of Revenue; Jin Zhijun to Minister of War; Liu Yuyou to Minister of Justice; and Xie Qiguang to Minister of Works. Seventh-year disaster land tax was remitted for six counties including Xiangfu. On yimao, Suose was promoted to Prince Chengze of the First Rank. An edict said: "Customs posts exist so that the state may ease commerce—they are not meant to afflict merchants. Customs officers harass the people and pursue private gain no differently than robbers. I know well the merchants' distress. Henceforth each post shall have but one officer; redundant staff shall all be cut, and no one may petition falsely for merit in order to win further appointment. On bingchen, governors-general and governors were ordered to promote officials of real talent and virtue who also understand literary usage; those ignorant of literary usage who rely on clerks to commit fraud are to be dismissed; and the Ministry of Personnel shall strike from the rolls appointees who fail examination in literary usage. On jiwei, Regional Commander Xu Erxian took Zhaoqing and Luoding, and Xu Chenggong took Gaozhou. Lamas were forbidden to present tribute of Buddhist images, copper stupas, and Tibetan mastiffs. On renxu, Ajige was confined in a separate chamber and his household goods were confiscated; Beile Laoqin's title was stripped and he was reduced to commoner status. On yichou, Grand Secretary Feng Quan, Minister Xie Qiguang, and others were removed from office for misconduct. An edict said: "In appointing officials, men must be loyal and upright in their own persons before they can benefit the people and help bring about good government. Since I took government in person I have repeatedly issued edicts calling for a new beginning. Yet ministers of the ministries cling to old abuses, drawing their salaries while cultivating private ties. I have myself carried out dismissals and promotions, that all under Heaven may witness them. From this time forward, purge your former faults and each fulfill your duty. If you still deceive one another from above and below, the law will not spare you. On bingyin, an edict said: "Provincial bandits are all our own people, driven by hunger and cold to take up arms. Year after year they have been hunted down, yet commanders kill the innocent to claim merit; the true brigands are not destroyed while the people suffer cruelly—I am deeply grieved. Hereafter let each governor-general and governor combine suppression with conciliation, and not use pursuit as a pretext to harass the people, as my intent requires. On dingmao, Kong Youde took Wuzhou and Liuzhou. On wuchen, Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou was also appointed Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate; Chen Zhibin was made Minister of Rites; and Zhang Fengxiang Minister of Works. On jisi, the grain-supply vice-presidents for Jiangnan and Shaanxi and the Grand Canal transport vice-president at Huai'an were abolished. On gengwu, Arasan, gusaen ejen, and others suppressed bandits in Shandong. On renshen, encircled land was exempted in thirteen prefectures and counties including Zhuo and Liangxiang. On yihai, the offenses of ministers who had fawned on Dorgon were determined; Ganglin and Qichongge were both punished. On dingchou, an edict said: "Former Ming imperial clansmen, because in earlier days they acted lawlessly, were largely put to death—I pity them deeply. Henceforth those displaced who in good faith wish to submit shall be escorted with courtesy by local officials to the capital and treated with generous bounty. Those of State Guardian General rank and below may be entered on the local register as commoners and each pursue his own livelihood. Disaster land tax for Wanping was remitted.
4
三月壬午，端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪以罪降郡王。 癸未，命諸王、貝勒、貝子分管六部、理籓院、都察院事。 乙酉，湖南保、靖、永順等土司來歸。 丙戌，免武強上年災賦。 己丑，以希福為弘文院大學士，陳泰為國史院大學士。 改李率泰為弘文院大學士，寧完我為國史院大學士。 以噶達渾為都察院承政，硃瑪喇為吏部尚書，雅賴為戶部尚書，譚布為工部尚書，藍拜為鑲藍旗滿洲固山額真。 辛卯，定王公朝集例。 壬辰，定襲爵例。 癸巳，諭曰：「御史巡方，職在安民察吏。 向來所差御史，苞苴請託，身已失檢，何由察吏？ 吏不能察，民何以安？ 今後各宜洗濯自新，務盡職事，並許督撫糾舉，都察院考覈以聞。」 癸卯，定齋戒例。 丙午，許滿洲、蒙古、漢軍子弟科舉，依甲第除授。
In the third month, on renwu, Boluo, Prince of Duanyu, and Nikan, Prince of Jingjin, were reduced to commandery princes for misconduct. On guimao, princes, beiles, and beises were ordered to oversee the Six Ministries, the Court of Colonial Affairs, and the Censorate. On yiyou, native chiefs of Bao, Jing, Yongshun, and other Hunan districts came in submission. On bingxu, the previous year's disaster land tax was remitted for Wuqiang. On jichou, Xifu was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Chen Tai Grand Secretary of the Guoshi Academy. Li Shuaotai was transferred to Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy, and Ning Wanwo to Grand Secretary of the Guoshi Academy. Gadahun was made Censorate Commissioner; Zhumala Minister of Personnel; Yalai Minister of Revenue; Tan Bu Minister of Works; and Lanbai gusaen ejen of the Bordered Blue Banner. On xinmao, regulations governing princes' attendance at court were established. On renchen, regulations for succession to rank were established. On guisi, an edict said: "Censors touring the provinces are charged with securing the people and scrutinizing officials. Censors sent out hitherto have taken bribes and traded in favors; having lost personal integrity, how can they scrutinize officials? If officials are not scrutinized, how can the people be at peace? Henceforth let each cleanse himself and renew his conduct, zealously fulfill his duties; governors-general and governors may also impeach, and the Censorate shall examine the matter and report. On guimao, regulations for ritual abstention were established. On bingwu, Manchu, Mongol, and Chinese Banner youths were permitted to enter the civil service examinations and receive appointment by examination grade.
5
夏四月庚戌，詔行幸所過，有司不得進獻。 遣官祭岳鎮海瀆、帝王陵寢、先師孔子闕里。 土賊羅榮等犯虔州，副將楊遇明討擒之。 乙卯，幸沙河。 辛酉，次赤城。 以王文奎總督漕運。 甲子，次上都。 丙寅，翁牛特部杜棱郡王等來朝。 己巳，次俄爾峒。 庚午，免朝鮮歲貢柑、柚、石榴。 巴林部固倫額駙色布騰郡王等來朝。 命故靖南王耿仲明子繼茂襲爵。 辛未，還次上都河。 壬申，次俄爾峒河。
In the fourth month of summer, on gengxu, an edict ordered that along the route of the imperial tour local officials must not present tribute. Envoys were sent to offer sacrifice at the sacred peaks, rivers, and seas, at imperial tombs, and at Confucius's temple in Qufu. The bandit Luo Rong and his followers raided Ganzhou; Vice-General Yang Yuming defeated and captured them. On yimao day the Emperor went to Shahe. On xinyou day he halted at Chicheng. Wang Wenkui was appointed Grand Coordinator of Grain Transport. On jiazi day he halted at Shangdu. On bingyin day Duoling, Prince of the Commandery of the Wengniute, and others presented themselves at court. On jisi day he halted at Erdong. On gengwu day the court exempted Korea from its yearly tribute of oranges, pomelos, and pomegranates. Sebuteng, Prince of the Commandery and imperial son-in-law of the Bairin, and others came to court. Jingmao, son of the late Jingnan Prince Geng Zhongming, was ordered to succeed to his father's title. On xinwei day he withdrew and halted at the Shangdu River. On renshen day he halted at the Erdong River.
6
五月丁丑朔，次謨護里伊札里河。 夏一鶚擊明唐王故將傅鼎銓等，追入福建，擒鼎銓等斬之。 辛巳，次庫爾奇勒河。 壬午，烏硃穆秦部貝勒塞棱額爾德尼等來朝。 乙酉，次西喇塔。 調噶達渾為戶部尚書。 以覺善為都察院承政，綽貝為鑲白旗蒙古固山額真。 壬辰，次孫河。 癸巳，還宮。 丙申，免英山五年至七年荒逋賦。 庚子，復博洛、尼堪親王爵。 甲辰，御史張煊以奏劾尚書陳名夏論死。
On the first day of the fifth month, dingchou, he halted at the Mohuli Yizali River. Xia Yie struck the former Tang-prince generals Fu Dingquan and others, pursued them into Fujian, seized them, and put them to death. On xinsi day he halted at the Kuerqile River. On renwu day Sele Erdeni, beile of the Uzhumuqin, and others came to court. On yiyou day he halted at Xilata. Gadahun was transferred to the post of Minister of Revenue. Jueshan was appointed Censorate Administrator, and Chuobei was made Banner General of the Mongol Bordered White Banner. On renchen day he halted at the Sun River. On guisi day he returned to the palace. On bingshen day the court remitted Yingshan's famine tax arrears for years five through seven. On gengzi day the princely ranks of Boluo and Nikan were restored. On jiachen day Censor Zhang Xuan was put to death over his impeachment of Minister Chen Mingxia.
7
六月丙午朔，幸南苑。 官軍破陝西賊何柴山等於雒南。 丁巳，阿喇善擊山東盈河山賊，平之。 壬戌，罷太和山貢符篆、黃精。 乙丑，定諸陵壇廟祀典。 庚午，諭曰：「朕以有司貪虐，命督撫察劾。 乃閱四五月之久而未奏聞。 毋乃受賕徇私，為有司所制，或勢要挾持，不敢彈劾歟？ 此盜賊所由滋，而黎民無起色也。 其即奉行前詔，直陳無隱。」 辛未，詔故明神宗陵如十二陵，以時致祭，仍設守陵戶。 廣東官軍復廉州及永安等十二縣。 壬申，命修繕祖陵，設守戶，定祭禮，復朝日、夕月禮。
On the first day of the sixth month, bingwu, the Emperor went to the Southern Park. Government forces routed the Shaanxi rebels He Chaishan and others at Luonan. On dingsi day Arasan attacked the Yinghe Mountain bandits in Shandong and subdued them. On renxu day the court abolished the tribute of talisman slips and yellow thoroughwax from Mount Taihe. On yichou day the rites for imperial tombs, altars, and temples were codified. On gengwu day an edict said: "Subordinate officials have been greedy and cruel, and I ordered governors-general and governors to investigate and impeach them. Four or five months have now passed without a single report. Are they taking bribes and playing favorites, held in check by local officials, or cowed by the powerful so that they dare not impeach? This is how banditry spreads and the people never recover. Carry out my earlier edict at once and speak plainly, hiding nothing." On xinwei day an edict directed that the tomb of the former Ming Emperor Shenzong be maintained like the twelve Qing imperial tombs, with seasonal sacrifices, and that tomb-guard households be re-established. Guangdong government forces recovered Lianzhou and twelve counties, including Yong'an. On renshen day the court ordered the ancestral tombs repaired, guard households installed, sacrificial rites defined, and the morning-sun and evening-moon ceremonies restored.
8
秋七月丙子朔，諭曰：「比者投充漢人，生事害民，朕甚恨之。 夫供賦役者編氓也，投充者奴隸也。 今反厚奴隸而薄編氓，如國家元氣及法紀何？ 其自朕包衣牛錄，下至王公諸臣投充人，有犯法者，嚴治其罪，知情者連坐。 前有司責治投充人，至獲罪譴。 今後與齊民同罰，庶無異視。 使天下咸知朕意。」 又諭曰：「大小臣工，皆朝廷職官，待之以禮，則朝廷益尊。 今在京滿、漢諸臣犯罪，有未奉旨革職輒提取審問者，殊乖大體。 嗣後各衙門遇官員有犯，或被告訐，皆先請旨革職，然後送刑部審問，毋得徑行提審，著為令。」 戊子，大學士陳泰、李率泰以罪免。 以雅秦為內國史院大學士，杜爾德為議政大臣。 乙未，幸南苑。 己亥，以陳名夏為內弘文院大學士。
On the first day of the seventh month, bingzi, an edict said: "Lately registered Chinese bond-servants have stirred up trouble and harmed the people, and I deeply resent it. Those who bear taxes and labor service are registered commoners; bond-servants are slaves. Yet now slaves are favored and commoners slighted—what is left of the state's strength or of the law? From my own bond-servant companies down to those registered under princes and ministers, whoever breaks the law is to be punished severely, and anyone who knows and conceals it is punished with him. Before this, officials who punished registered bond-servants were themselves condemned and dismissed. Hereafter they are to be punished like ordinary subjects, with no separate standard. Let the whole realm know my mind." Another edict said: "Officials great and small are all servants of the court; to treat them with proper ceremony is to honor the throne itself. Yet when Manchu and Chinese officials at the capital offend, some are seized and interrogated before the throne has ordered their dismissal—this is a grave breach of propriety. Henceforth, whenever an official offends or is accused, each office must first obtain an imperial order removing him from office and only then send him to the Ministry of Justice for trial. Direct seizure and interrogation are forbidden. Let this be made a standing rule." On wuzi day Grand Secretaries Chen Tai and Li Shuaitai were dismissed for misconduct. Yaqin was appointed Grand Secretary of the State Historiography Academy, and Durde was made Deliberative Minister. On yiwei day the Emperor went to the Southern Park. On jihai day Chen Mingxia was appointed Grand Secretary of the Inner Hongwen Academy.
9
八月丙午朔，上還宮。 丁未，科爾沁卓禮克圖親王吳克善來朝。 己酉，副將許武光請括天下藏金充餉。 上曰：「帝王生財之道，在節用愛民。 掘地求金，自古未有。」 命逐去之。 乙卯，以趙開心為左都御史。 定順天鄉試滿洲、蒙古為一榜，漢軍、漢人為一榜，會試、殿試如之。 戊午，冊立科爾沁卓禮克圖親王吳克善女博爾濟錦氏為皇后。 壬戌，更定馬步軍經制。 吏部尚書譚泰有罪，伏誅，籍其家。 乙酉，大婚禮成，加上太后尊號為昭聖慈壽恭簡皇太后。 丙寅，御殿受賀，頒恩赦。 戊辰，追復肅親王豪格爵。 己巳，詔天下歲貢物產不便於民者悉罷之。 癸酉，陳錦、金礪等追故明魯王於舟山，獲其將阮進。
On the first day of the eighth month, bingwu, the Emperor returned to the palace. On dingwei day Wu Ke Shan, Khorchin Prince of the Commandery, came to court. On jiyou day Vice-General Xu Wuguang proposed seizing hidden gold hoarded throughout the realm to pay for the armies. The Emperor said: "An emperor's way of creating wealth lies in thrift and cherishing the people. To dig the earth for gold has no precedent in all antiquity." He ordered Xu Wuguang dismissed from his presence. On yimao day Zhao Kaixin was appointed Left Censor-in-Chief. Regulations fixed the Shuntian provincial examination as one roster for Manchus and Mongols and another for Han Bannermen and Han Chinese; the metropolitan and palace examinations followed the same division. On wuwu day the Borjijin daughter of Khorchin Prince Wu Ke Shan was installed as Empress. On renxu day the regulations for cavalry and infantry were revised. Minister of Personnel Tan Tai was found guilty, executed, and his property confiscated. On yiyou day the grand wedding was completed, and the Empress Dowager was given the honorific Zhaosheng Cishou Gongjian. On bingyin day the Emperor received congratulations in the main hall and proclaimed a general amnesty. On wuchen day the title of Prince Su Haoge was posthumously restored. On jisi day an edict abolished every annual tribute product in the realm that burdened the people. On guiyou day Chen Jin and Jin Li pursued the former Ming Prince of Lu to Zhoushan and captured his general Ruan Jin.
10
九月庚辰，定朝儀。 壬午，命平西王吳三桂征四川。 陳錦、金礪克舟山，故明魯王遁走。 丙戌，雅賴、譚布、覺善免，以卓羅為吏部尚書，車克為戶部尚書，藍拜為工部尚書，俄羅塞臣為都察院左都御史，趙國祚為鑲紅旗漢軍固山額真。 封阿霸垓部都司噶爾為郡王。 固山額真噶達渾征鄂爾多斯部多爾濟。 丁亥，除永平四關荒屯賦。 壬辰，改承天門為天安門。 癸巳，上獵於近郊。 辛丑，還宮。 癸卯，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、車臣汗、塞臣汗等來貢。
In the ninth month, on gengchen day, court ceremonial was codified. On renwu day Pingxi Prince Wu Sangui was ordered to campaign in Sichuan. Chen Jin and Jin Li captured Zhoushan, and the former Ming Prince of Lu fled. On bingxu day Yalai, Tanbu, and Jueshan were dismissed; Zhuoluo became Minister of Personnel, Cheke Minister of Revenue, Lanbai Minister of Works, Eluosai Left Censor-in-Chief, and Zhao Guozuo Banner General of the Han Bordered Red Banner. Gar, commander of the Abagai department, was enfeoffed as Prince of the Commandery. Banner General Gadahun marched against Dorji of the Ordos. On dinghai day the court remitted the wasteland garrison taxes of Yongping's four passes. On renchen day Chengtian Gate was renamed Tianan Gate. On guisi day the Emperor hunted in the near suburbs. On xinchou day he returned to the palace. On guimao day the Tüsiyetü Khan, Setsen Khan, and Sečen Khan of the Khalkha came bearing tribute.
11
冬十月己酉，以和碩承澤親王碩塞、多羅謙郡王瓦克達為議政王。 辛亥，免宣府災賦。 丁巳，以額色黑為國史院大學士。 庚申，賜阿濟格死。 辛酉，李國翰會吳三桂征四川。 以馬光輝為直隸山東河南總督。 甲子，免諸王三大節進珠、貂、鞍馬及衍聖公、宣、大各鎮歲進馬。 乙丑，封肇祖、興祖陵山曰啟運山，景祖、顯祖陵山曰積慶山，福陵山曰天柱山，昭陵山曰隆業山。 是日，啟運山慶雲見。
In the tenth month of winter, on jiyou day, Prince of the First Rank Shuo Sai and Prince of the Second Rank Wakda were made Deliberative Princes. On xinhai day Xuanfu's disaster taxes were remitted. On dingsi day Esehei was appointed Grand Secretary of the State Historiography Academy. On gengshen day Ajige was ordered to take his own life. On xinyou day Li Guohan joined Wu Sangui in the Sichuan campaign. Ma Guanghui was appointed Governor-General of Zhili, Shandong, and Henan. On jiazi day the court exempted princes from presenting pearls, sable, and saddled horses on the three great festivals, and also abolished the annual horse tribute of the Duke of Confucius and of the Xuanhua and Datong garrisons. On yichou day the tomb hills of the Founding and Rising Ancestors were named Qiyun Mountain; those of the Respectful and Manifest Ancestors, Jiqing Mountain; that of the Fu Mausoleum, Tianzhu Mountain; and that of the Zhao Mausoleum, Longye Mountain. That same day auspicious clouds were seen over Qiyun Mountain.
12
十一月乙亥朔，皇第一子牛鈕生。 丙子，於大海率所部至夷陵請降。 丙戌，尚可喜克雷州。 乙未，免平陽、潞安二府，澤、遼、沁三州上年災賦。 戊戌，以伊爾德為正黃旗滿洲固山額真，佟圖賴為正藍旗漢軍固山額真。 庚子，免陽曲等四縣上年災賦。 壬寅，免寧晉荒賦。
On the first day of the eleventh month, yihai, the Emperor's first son, Niuniu, was born. On bingzi day Yu Dahai brought his forces to Yiling to surrender. On bingxu day Shang Kexi captured Leizhou. On yiwei day the court remitted the previous year's disaster taxes for Pingyang and Lu'an prefectures and for Ze, Liao, and Qin. On wuxu day Yeerde was made Banner General of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner and Tong Tu Banner General of the Han Bordered Blue Banner. On gengzi day the court remitted the previous year's disaster taxes for Yangqu and three other counties. On renyin day Ningjin's wasteland taxes were remitted.
13
十二月丙午，免桐城等四縣上年荒賦。 丁卯，以周國佐為江寧巡撫。
In the twelfth month, on bingwu day, the court remitted the previous year's famine tax arrears for Tongcheng and three other counties. On dingmao day Zhou Guozuo was appointed Governor of Jiangning.
14
是年，朝鮮，厄魯特部額爾德尼台吉、昆都倫吳巴什、阿巴賴，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、車臣汗、塞臣汗、顧實汗、台吉吳巴什，達賴喇嘛俱來貢。
That year Korea; Erdeni Taiji of the Oirats, Ubdun Ubashi, and Abalai; the Tüsiyetü, Setsen, Sečen, and Gushri Khans and Taiji Ubashi of the Khalkha; and the Dalai Lama all presented tribute.
15
九年春正月癸酉朔，上幸南苑。 辛巳，以陳泰為禮部尚書。 壬午，大學士陳名夏以罪免。 雪張煊冤，命禮部議恤。 京師地震。 乙酉，以陳維新為廣西巡撫。 壬寅，皇第一子牛鈕薨。
On the first day of the first month in spring of the ninth year, guiyou, the Emperor went to the Southern Park. On xinsi day Chen Tai was appointed Minister of Rites. On the renwu day, Grand Secretary Chen Mingxia was removed from office for misconduct. Zhang Xuan was posthumously exonerated, and the Ministry of Rites was ordered to determine his mourning honors. An earthquake struck the capital. On the yiyou day, Chen Weixin was appointed governor of Guangxi. On the renyin day, the Emperor's eldest son Niuniu died.
16
二月丁未，以祜錫布為鑲紅旗滿洲固山額真。 噶達渾等討鄂爾多斯部多爾濟等於賀蘭山，殲之。 戊申，和碩巽親王滿達海薨，追封和碩簡親王。 庚戌，頒六諭臥碑文於天下。 庚申，加封鄭親王濟爾哈朗為叔和碩鄭親王。 辛酉，以陳之遴為弘文院大學士，孫茂蘭為寧夏巡撫。
In the second month, on the dingwei day, Husibu was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Red Banner Manchus. Gadahun and others attacked Dorji's Ordos band at Helan Mountain and destroyed them. On the wushen day, Mandahai, Prince of the First Rank of Xun, died and was posthumously created Prince of the First Rank of Jian. On the gengxu day, the Six Admonitions reclining-stele text was issued empire-wide. On the gengshen day, Jirhalang, Prince of Zheng, was elevated to Imperial Uncle Prince of the First Rank of Zheng. On the xinyou day, Chen Zhin was appointed grand secretary of the Hongwen Academy, and Sun Maolan governor of Ningxia.
17
三月乙亥，以王鐸為禮部尚書，房可壯為左都御史。 贈張煊太常寺卿，仍錄其子如父官。 庚辰，定官員封贈例。 丙戌，罷諸王、貝勒、貝子管理部務。 追降和碩豫親王多鐸為多羅郡王。 丁亥，和碩端重親王博洛薨，追封和碩定親王。 己丑，以陳泰為鑲黃旗滿洲固山額真。 癸巳，以遏必隆、額爾克戴青、趙布泰、賴塔庫、索洪為議政大臣，覺羅郎球、胡世安為禮部尚書。 鞏阿岱、錫翰、西訥布庫、冷僧機以罪伏誅，籍其產。 拜尹圖免死，幽系。 戊戌，多羅順承郡王勒克德渾薨，追封多羅恭惠郡王。 己亥，賜滿洲、蒙古貢士麻勒吉，漢軍及漢貢士鄒忠倚等進士及第出身有差。
In the third month, on the yihai day, Wang Duo became minister of rites and Fang Kezhuang left censor-in-chief. Zhang Xuan was posthumously made vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and his son was entered for office on the same terms as if his father had still held the rank. On the gengchen day, the rules governing enfeoffment and posthumous honors for officials were established. On the bingxu day, princes, beiles, and beises were stripped of their duties overseeing the ministries. Dodo, Prince of the First Rank of Yu, was posthumously reduced to prince of the commandery rank. On the dinghai day, Boluo, Prince of the First Rank of Duanzhong, died and was posthumously created Prince of the First Rank of Ding. On the jichou day, Chen Tai was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Yellow Banner Manchus. On the guisi day, Ebilun, Erke Daiqing, Zhaobutai, Laitaku, and Suohong were appointed deliberative ministers; Aisin Gioro Langqiu and Hu Shi'an became ministers of rites. Gongadai, Xiha, Sinebuku, and Leng Sengji were put to death for their crimes and their estates were seized. Baiyintu was spared execution and held in confinement. On the wuxu day, Lekedehun, Prince of the Commandery of Shuncheng, died and was posthumously created Prince of the Commandery of Gonghui. On the jihai day, Majeji of the Manchu and Mongol tribute cohort, and Zou Zhongyi and other Han Army and Han tribute scholars, were granted jinshi degrees with distinctions in metropolitan rank.
18
夏四月丙午，以蔡士英為江西巡撫。 丁未，裁登萊、宣府巡撫。 乙卯，以韓岱為吏部尚書，藍拜為刑部尚書，星訥為工部尚書，阿喇善為都察院左都御史。 戊午，孔有德克廣西南寧、慶遠、思恩，故明將陳邦傅以潯州降。 己未，免府州縣官入覲。 庚申，定諸王以下官名輿服之制。 乙丑，允禮部議，一月三朝，春秋一舉經筵。 設宗人府官。
In the fourth summer month, on the bingwu day, Cai Shiying was appointed governor of Jiangxi. On the dingwei day, the grand coordinators of Deng-Lai and Xuanfu were abolished. On the yimao day, Han Dai was made minister of personnel, Lanbai minister of justice, Sine minister of works, and Alasan left censor-in-chief. On the wuwu day, Kong Youde captured Nanning, Qingyuan, and Si'en in Guangxi, and the former Ming general Chen Bangfu surrendered Xunzhou. On the jiwei day, prefectural and county magistrates were excused from the capital audience. On the gengshen day, the court set the titles, carriages, and robes for princes and all ranks below them. On the yichou day, the court approved the Ministry of Rites' plan for three monthly audiences and a spring-and-autumn classics lecture. Posts in the Imperial Clan Court were formally established.
19
五月丁丑，詔京察六年一舉行。 己卯，免江陰、青浦牛稅。 壬午，以喀喀木為昂邦章京，鎮守江寧。 庚子，幸南苑。
In the fifth month, on the dingchou day, an edict decreed that the capital review of officials take place every six years. On the jimao day, the cattle tax in Jiangyin and Qingpu was remitted. On the renwu day, Kakamu was made angbang janggin and stationed at Jiangning. On the gengzi day, the Emperor went to the Southern Park.
20
六月丁未，裁併直隸諸衛所。 戊申，上還宮。 庚戌，以和碩敬謹親王尼堪掌宗人府事，貝勒尚善、貝子吳達海為左右宗正。 官軍討肇慶、高州賊，平之。 丁巳，詔軍政六年一舉行。 丙寅，設詹事府官。 追諡圖爾格為忠義公，圖賴為昭勛公，配享太廟。
In the sixth month, on the dingwei day, the guard establishments of Zhili were consolidated. On the wushen day, the Emperor returned to the palace. On the gengxu day, Nikan, Prince of the First Rank of Jingjin, was placed over the Imperial Clan Court, with Beile Shangshan and Beizi Wudahai as left and right clan directors. Imperial forces suppressed the rebels in Zhaoqing and Gaozhou and restored order. On the dingsi day, an edict decreed that the military review take place every six years. On the bingyin day, posts in the Household of the Heir Apparent were formally established. Turgei was posthumously created Duke of Loyalty and Righteousness and Tuwei Duke of Illustrious Merit, and both were given places in the dynastic temple.
21
秋七月癸酉，故明將孫可望陷桂林，定南王孔有德死之。 丙子，名皇城北門為地安門。 浙閩總督陳錦征鄭成功，至漳州，為其下所殺。 庚辰，免淮安六年、七年牙行逋稅。 甲申，以和碩敬謹親王尼堪為定遠大將軍，征湖南、貴州。 定滿官喪制。 丁亥，以巴爾處渾為鑲紅旗滿洲固山額真。 免磁、祥符等八州縣及懷慶衛上年災賦。 吳三桂、李國翰定漳臘、松潘、重慶。 遣梅勒章京戴都圍成都，故明帥劉文秀舉城降。 己丑，免臨邑四縣荒徭賦。 辛卯，天全六番、烏思藏等土司來降。 戊戌，以祖澤遠為湖廣四川總督。
In the seventh autumn month, on the guiyou day, the former Ming general Sun Kewang seized Guilin, and Kong Youde, Prince of Dingnan, was killed. On the bingzi day, the Imperial City's north gate was named Di'an Gate. Chen Jin, governor-general of Zhejiang and Fujian, marched against Zheng Chenggong, but on reaching Zhangzhou was murdered by his own men. On the gengchen day, overdue broker taxes in Huai'an from the sixth and seventh years were remitted. On the jiashen day, Nikan, Prince of the First Rank of Jingjin, was made Grand General Who Pacifies the Distant for the Hunan and Guizhou campaign. The mourning code for Manchu officials was established. On the dinghai day, Barhucun was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Red Banner Manchus. Disaster levies were remitted for Ci, Xiangfu, eight other prefectures and counties, and Huaiqing Guard. Wu Sangui and Li Guohan secured Zhangla, Songpan, and Chongqing. Meirei janggin Dai Du invested Chengdu, and the former Ming commander Liu Wenxiu surrendered the city. On the jichou day, wasteland corvée and tax burdens in four Linyi counties were remitted. On the xinmao day, the six fan districts of Tianquan, U-Tsang, and other chieftaincies submitted. On the wuxu day, Zu Zeyuan was appointed governor-general of Huguang and Sichuan.
22
八月乙巳，更定王公以下婚娶禮。 丙午，多羅謙郡王瓦克達薨。 丁巳，命尼堪移師討廣西餘寇。
In the eighth month, on the yimao day, wedding ceremonies for princes and lower ranks were revised. On the bingwu day, Wakda, Prince of the Commandery of Qian, died. Nikan was ordered to move his army against the remaining Guangxi rebels.
23
九月庚午朔，以朱孔格、阿濟賴、伊拜為議政大臣。 辛巳，更定王以下祭葬禮。 癸未，以纛章京阿爾津為定南將軍，同馬喇希征廣東餘寇。 甲申，以劉清泰為浙江福建總督，王來用為順天巡撫。 辛卯，幸太學釋奠。 癸巳，賚衍聖公、五經博士、四氏子孫、祭酒、司業等官有差。 敕曰：「聖人之道，如日中天，上之賴以致治，下之資以事君。 學官諸生當共勉之。」
On the new moon of the ninth month, the gengwu day, Zhu Kuge, Ajilai, and Ibay were appointed deliberative ministers. On the xinsi day, the sacrificial and burial rites for princes and lower ranks were revised. On the guiwei day, Arjin, a banner janggin, was made General Who Pacifies the South and, with Malaxi, sent against the remaining Guangdong rebels. On the jiashen day, Liu Qingtai was made governor-general of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Wang Laiyong governor of Shuntian. On the xinmao day, the Emperor performed the first-fruits sacrifice at the Imperial Academy. On the guisi day, the Duke Who Continues the Sage, the five classics erudites, descendants of the Four Clans, the academy chancellor, and the vice chancellor each received gifts by rank. An edict said: "The way of the sages stands at noon like the sun: those above depend on it to govern, and those below depend on it to serve their ruler. The students and lecturers of the academy should urge one another to live by it. The edict closed.
24
冬十月庚子，免沛縣六年至八年災賦。 尚可喜、耿繼茂克欽州、靈山，故明西平王朱聿𨮔縛賊渠李明忠來降，高、雷、廉、瓊諸郡悉平。 壬寅，官軍復梧州。 癸卯，以歲飢，詔所在積穀，禁遏糴，旌輸粟。 丙午，免三水等三縣六年災賦。 壬子，以劉餘祐為戶部尚書。 癸丑，免霸州、東安、文安荒賦。 甲寅，孫可望寇保寧，吳三桂、李國翰大敗之。 以希福、范文程、額色黑、車克、覺羅郎球、明安達禮、濟席哈、星訥為議政大臣，巴哈納為刑部尚書，藍拜罷。 戊午，命和碩鄭親王世子濟度，多羅信郡王多尼，多羅安郡王岳樂，多羅敏郡王勒都，貝勒尚善、杜爾祜、杜蘭議政。 辛酉，以阿爾津為安西將軍，同馬喇希移鎮漢中。 丙寅，以李化熙為刑部尚書。 丁卯，尊太宗大貴妃為懿靖大貴妃，淑妃為康惠淑妃。
In the tenth winter month, on the gengzi day, disaster levies for Pei County from the sixth through eighth years were remitted. Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao captured Qinzhou and Lingshan; Zhu Yuzheng, the former Ming Prince of Xiping, bound the rebel leader Li Mingzhong and submitted; and Gaozhou, Leizhou, Lianzhou, and Qiongzhou were all pacified. On the renyin day, imperial forces retook Wuzhou. On the guimao day, famine prompted an edict to stock grain locally, forbid hoarding and profiteering, and commend those who shipped grain for relief. On the bingwu day, sixth-year disaster levies were remitted for Sanshui and two other counties. On the renzi day, Liu Yuyou was appointed minister of revenue. On the guichou day, wasteland taxes in Bazhou, Dong'an, and Wen'an were remitted. On the jiayin day, Sun Kewang struck at Baoning and was routed by Wu Sangui and Li Guohan. On the yimao day, Hifu, Fan Wencheng, Esehei, Cheke, Aisin Gioro Langqiu, Mingandali, Jixiha, and Sine were appointed deliberative ministers; Bahana became minister of justice, and Lanbai was removed. On the wuwu day, Jidu, heir of the Prince of the First Rank of Zheng, Doni, Prince of the Commandery of Xin, Yuele, Prince of the Commandery of An, Ledu, Prince of the Commandery of Min, and Beiles Shangshan, Du'erhu, and Dulan were ordered to join in deliberative government. On the xinyou day, Arjin was made General Who Pacifies the West and, with Malaxi, transferred his garrison to Hanzhong. On the bingyin day, Li Huaxi was appointed minister of justice. On the dingmao day, Taizong's grand imperial noble consort was elevated as Grand Imperial Noble Consort Yijing, and the imperial consort as Imperial Consort Kanghui.
25
十一月庚午，以卓羅為靖南將軍，同藍拜等征廣西餘寇。 己丑，祀天於圜丘。 庚寅，故明將白文選寇辰州，總兵官徐勇、參議劉升祚、知府王任杞死之。 辛卯，尼堪抵湘潭，故明將馬進忠等遁寶慶，追至衡山，擊敗之，又敗之于衡州。 尼堪薨于軍。 追封尼堪為和碩庄親王。 乙未，免忻、樂平等州縣災賦。
In the eleventh month, on the gengwu day, Zhaluo was made General Who Pacifies the South and, with Lanbai and others, sent against the remaining Guangxi rebels. On the jichou day, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Circular Mound Altar. On the gengyin day, the former Ming general Bai Wenxuan attacked Chenzhou; Regional Commander Xu Yong, Administrative Assistant Liu Shengzuo, and Prefect Wang Renqi were killed. On the xinmao day, Nikan reached Xiangtan; former Ming generals including Ma Jinzhong fled to Baqing, were pursued to Hengshan and beaten, and beaten again at Hengzhou. Nikan died on campaign. Nikan was posthumously created Prince of the First Rank of Zhuang. On the yiwei day, disaster levies were remitted for Xin, Leping, and other prefectures and counties.
26
十二月辛丑，免太原、平陽、汾州、遼、沁、澤災賦。 壬寅，詔還清苑民三百餘戶所撥投充人地，仍免地租一年。 官軍復安福、永新。 丙午，撤卓羅等軍回京。 庚戌，幸南苑。 戊午，還宮。 廣東賊犯香山，官軍討平之。 己未，覆命阿爾津為定南將軍，同馬喇希等討辰、常餘寇。 甲子，免長武災賦。
In the twelfth month, on the xinchou day, disaster levies were remitted for Taiyuan, Pingyang, Fenzhou, Liaozhou, Qinzhou, and Zezhou. On the renyin day, an edict returned to Qingyuan more than three hundred households' lands that had been assigned to bond servants, with land rent remitted for another year. Imperial forces retook Anfu and Yongxin. On the bingwu day, Zhaluo's force and the others were recalled to the capital. On the gengxu day, the Emperor went to the Southern Park. On the wuwu day, he returned to the palace. Guangdong rebels struck Xiangshan; imperial troops suppressed them and restored order. On the jiwei day, Arjin was again made General Who Pacifies the South and, with Malaxi and others, sent against the remaining rebels in Chen and Chang. On the jiazi day, disaster levies for Changwu were remitted.
27
是年，達賴喇嘛來朝。 朝鮮，厄魯特部顧實汗、巴圖魯諾顏，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗下戴青諾顏、喇嗎達爾達爾漢諾顏，索倫部索郎阿達爾漢及班禪胡土克圖、第巴、巴喀胡土克圖喇嘛俱來貢。 厄魯特顧實汗三至。
That year the Dalai Lama came to court. Tribute came from Korea; Gushi Khan and Batulu Noyan of the Erdos; Daiqing Noyan and Lama Dardarhan Noyan of the Khalkha Tüsiyetü Khan; Solang Adarhan of the Solon; and the Panchen Hutuktu, the Diba, and the Bakha Hutuktu Lama. Gushi Khan of the Erdos presented tribute three times.
28
十年春正月庚午，諭曰：「朕自親政以來，但見滿臣奏事。 大小臣工，皆朕腹心。 嗣凡章疏，滿、漢侍郎、卿以上會同奏進，各除推諉，以昭一德。」 辛未，諭：「言官不得捃摭細務，朕一日萬幾，豈無未合天意、未順人心之事。 諸臣其直言無隱。 當者必旌，戇者不罪。」 癸酉，免庄浪、紅城堡、洮州衛災賦。 丁丑，改洪承疇為弘文院大學士，陳名夏為祕書院大學士。 庚辰，以貝勒吞齊為定遠大將軍，統征湖南軍，授以方略。 丙戌，以多羅額駙內鐸為議政大臣。 詔三品以上大臣各舉所知，仍嚴連坐法。 庚寅，調金之俊為左都御史，以劉昌為工部尚書。 癸巳，更定多羅貝勒以下歲俸。 丙申，幸內苑，閱通鑒。 上問漢高祖、文帝、光武及唐太宗、宋太祖、明太祖孰優。 陳名夏對曰：「唐太宗似過之。」 上曰：「不然，明太祖立法可垂永久，歷代之君皆不及也。」
In the tenth year, on the gengwu day of the first spring month, an edict said: "Since I began to rule in person, I have received memorials only from Manchu ministers. Every minister, high or low, is as dear to me as my own kin. Henceforth all memorials shall be submitted jointly by Manchu and Han vice-ministers and ministers of rank and above; each must cease shirking duty, that we may show ourselves united in purpose. 」On xinwei an edict said: 「Censors must not harp on petty matters. With ten thousand affairs daily upon me, can there be nothing that fails Heaven's will or the people's hearts? Let every minister speak plainly without concealment. Those who speak rightly shall be rewarded, and no blunt speaker shall be punished. On guiyou disaster land tax was remitted for Zhuanglang, Hongchengbao, and Taozhou Guard. On dingchou Hong Chengchou was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Chen Mingxia Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy. On gengchen Belé Tonji was appointed Commander-in-Chief Dingyuan to lead the Hunan expedition, and was given a written strategy. On bingxu Doroi Efu Neithe was made a Deliberative Minister. An edict ordered ministers of the third rank and above to recommend men they knew, while the strict law of joint responsibility remained in force. On gengyin Jin Zhijun was transferred to Left Censor-in-Chief and Liu Chang was appointed Minister of Works. On guisi annual stipends for Doroi Beile and below were revised. On bingshen the Emperor visited the inner gardens and read the Comprehensive Mirror. The Emperor asked which was superior among Han Gaozu, Emperor Wen, Emperor Guangwu, Tang Taizong, Song Taizu, and Ming Taizu. Chen Mingxia replied: 「Tang Taizong seems to surpass them. 」The Emperor said: 「Not so. Ming Taizu established laws meant to endure forever; no ruler of any dynasty has matched him. So he ended the exchange.
29
二月庚子，封蒿齊忒部台吉噶爾瑪薩望為多羅郡王。 壬子，大學士陳之遴免。 甲寅，以陳之遴為戶部尚書。 乙卯，以沈永忠為剿撫湖南將軍，鎮守湖南。 己未，裁各部滿尚書之複者。 庚申，以高爾儼為弘文院大學士，費揚古為議政大臣。 辛酉，明安達禮、劉餘祐有罪，免。 甲子，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗下賁塔爾、袞布、奔巴世希、扎穆蘇台吉率所部來歸。
In the second month, on gengzi, Garmasawang, taiji of the Haoqitai tribe, was enfeoffed as Doroi Prince of a Commandery. On renzi Grand Secretary Chen Zhiqin was dismissed. On jiayin Chen Zhiqin was appointed Minister of Revenue. On yimao Shen Yongzhong was made General for Pacification and Suppression in Hunan and stationed to guard the province. On jiwei duplicate Manchu ministers in the ministries were eliminated. On gengshen Gao Erxian was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Feiyanggu a Deliberative Minister. On xinhai Mingandali and Liu Yuyou were found guilty and dismissed. On jiazi Bentar, Gunbu, Benbashixi, and Zhamusu, taiji of the Tüsheet Khan division of the Khalkha, led their tribes in submission.
30
三月戊辰，幸南臺較射。 上執弓曰：「我朝以此定天下，朕每出獵，期練習騎射。 今綜萬幾，日不暇給，然未嘗忘也。」 賜太常寺卿湯若望號通玄教師。 免山西岢嵐、保德七十四州縣六年逋賦，代、榆次十二州縣十之七。 己巳，封喀爾喀部賁塔爾為和碩達爾漢親王，袞布為卓禮克圖郡王，奔巴世希為固山貝子。 免薊、豐潤等十一州縣九年災賦。 庚午，幸南苑。 甲戌，免五臺縣逋賦及八年額賦之半。 己卯，免江西六年荒地逋賦。 辛巳，設宗學，親王、郡王年滿十歲，並選師教習。 乙酉，還宮。 丙戌，濟席哈免。 以噶達渾為兵部尚書。 甲午，復以馮銓為弘文院大學士。
In the third month, on wuchen, the Emperor visited the Southern Terrace for archery. The Emperor took up a bow and said: 「Our dynasty won the realm with the bow; whenever I hunt I mean to keep my riding and archery in practice. Now the myriad affairs leave me no spare hour in the day, yet I have not forgotten. 」The Grand Master of Sacrifices Adam Schall was granted the title Master Who Penetrates the Mysteries. Six years of overdue levies were remitted for seventy-four prefectures and counties in Kelan and Baode, Shanxi, and seven-tenths for twelve prefectures and counties including Dai and Yuci. On jisi Bentar of the Khalkha was enfeoffed as Prince Darhan of the First Rank, Gunbu as Prince Zhuolitu of a Commandery, and Benbashixi as Beile of a Banner. Nine years of disaster levies were remitted for eleven prefectures and counties including Ji and Fengrun. On gengwu the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On jiaxu overdue levies for Wutai County were remitted, together with half of that year's assessed levy. On jimao six years of overdue levies on wasteland in Jiangxi were remitted. On xinsi the Imperial Clan School was established; princes and commandery princes who had reached ten were to receive appointed tutors. On yiyou the Emperor returned to the palace. On bingxu Jixihai was dismissed. Gadahun was made Minister of War. On jiawu Feng Quan was again made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy.
31
夏四月丁酉，親試翰林官成克鞏等。 庚子，御太和殿，召見朝覲官，諭遣之。 諭曰：「國家官人，內任者習知紀綱，外任者諳於民俗，內外敭歷，方見真才。 今親試詞臣，其未留任者，量予改授，照詞臣外轉舊例，優予司、道各官。」 始諭吏部、都察院舉京察。 甲辰，免湖南六年至九年逋賦、山西夏縣荒賦。 丙午，以佟國器為福建巡撫。 丁未，以圖海為弘文院大學士。 壬子，以旱，下詔求直言，省刑獄。 甲寅，命提學御史、提學道清釐學政。 定學額，禁冒濫。 改折民間充解物料，行一條鞭法。 丁巳，定滿官離任持服三年例。 己未，以成克鞏為吏部尚書。 癸亥，免福州等六府九年以前荒賦三之一。
In the fourth month of summer, on dingyou, the Emperor personally examined Hanlin officials including Cheng Kegong. On gengzi he held court at the Hall of Supreme Harmony, received officials attending the audience, and sent them away with instructions. An edict said: 「In appointing officials, those within the capital must know statutes and regulations, and those without must know local custom; only after service both within and without can true talent be known. Now, having personally examined these literary officials, those not kept in office shall be reassigned as appropriate; following the old precedent for literary officials posted outside the capital, they shall receive favorable appointments as bureau heads or circuit intendants. 」For the first time the Ministry of Personnel and the Censorate were ordered to conduct the capital inspection. On jiachen overdue levies for Hunan from the sixth through ninth years were remitted, as were wasteland levies for Xia County, Shanxi. On bingwu Tong Guoqi was appointed Grand Coordinator of Fujian. On dingwei Tu Hai was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy. On renzi, because of drought, an edict sought frank counsel and ordered lighter punishments. On jiayin provincial education censors and education intendants were ordered to rectify academic administration. Student quotas were fixed and fraudulent enrollment forbidden. Materials supplied in lieu of labor were commuted to cash payments, and the single-whip method was implemented. On dingsi it was fixed that Manchu officials leaving office must observe mourning for three years. On jiwei Cheng Kegong was appointed Minister of Personnel. On guihai one-third of wasteland levies before the ninth year was remitted for six prefectures including Fuzhou.
32
五月甲戌，停御史巡按直省。 免祥符等七縣九年災賦，沔陽、潛江、景陵八年災賦。 乙亥，封鄭芝龍為同安侯，子成功為海澄公，弟鴻逵為奉化伯。 以喀喀木為靖南將軍，征廣東餘寇。 免歷城等六十九州縣八、九年災賦。 丁丑，定旌表宗室節孝貞烈例。 己卯，詔曰：「天下初定，瘡痍未復，頻年水旱，民不聊生，飢寒切身，迫而為盜。 魁惡雖多，豈無冤濫，脅從沈陷，自拔無門。 念此人民，誰非赤子，摧殘極易，生聚綦難，概行誅鋤，深可憫惻。 茲降殊恩，曲從寬宥，果能改悔，咸與自新。 所在官司，妥為安插，兵仍補伍，民即歸農，不原還鄉，聽其居位，勿令失所。 咸使聞知。」 庚辰，定熱審例。 乙酉，追封舒爾哈齊為和碩親王，額爾袞、界堪、雅爾哈齊、祜塞為多羅郡王。 免武昌、漢陽、黃州、安陸、德安、荊州、岳州九年災賦。 庚寅，加洪承疇太保，經略湖廣、廣東、廣西、雲南、貴州。 壬辰，以張秉貞為刑部尚書。 甲午，免霸、保定等三十一州縣九年災賦。
In the fifth month, on jiaxu, censorial tours of inspection in the provinces were suspended. Nine years of disaster levies were remitted for seven counties including Xiangfu, and eight years for Mianyang, Qianjiang, and Jingling. On yihai Zheng Zhilong was enfeoffed as Marquis of Tong'an, his son Chenggong as Duke of Haicheng, and his younger brother Hongkui as Earl of Fenghua. Kekemu was made General Who Pacifies the South to campaign against the remaining bandits in Guangdong. Disaster levies of the eighth and ninth years were remitted for sixty-nine prefectures and counties including Licheng. On dingchou regulations were fixed for honoring chaste, filial, and martyred women of the imperial clan. On jimao an edict said: 「The realm has only just been settled and its wounds are not yet healed; flood and drought year after year leave the people destitute; pressed by hunger and cold, they turn to banditry. Though ringleaders are many, surely innocents are mixed among them; those coerced and trapped in guilt have no way to pull themselves free. These people are all my children; it is very easy to destroy them and very hard to build them up again; to execute them wholesale would be deeply pitiable. Now I bestow extraordinary grace and broadly grant leniency; if they truly repent, all shall be allowed to make a new start. Local officials shall settle them properly; soldiers shall still fill the ranks and civilians return to farming; those who do not wish to return home may remain where they are and must not be left without a place. Let all hear and know. 」On gengchen regulations for summer judicial review were fixed. On yiyou Šurhaci was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of the First Rank, and Ergun, Jiekan, Yarhaqi, and Huse as Doroi Princes of a Commandery. Nine years of disaster levies were remitted for Wuchang, Hanyang, Huangzhou, Anlu, Dean, Jingzhou, and Yuezhou. On gengyin Hong Chengchou was promoted to Grand Guardian and made supreme commander of Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou. On renchen Zhang Bingzhen was appointed Minister of Punishments. On jiawu nine years of disaster levies were remitted for thirty-one prefectures and counties including Ba and Baoding.
33
六月乙未朔，追封塔察篇古、穆爾哈齊為多羅貝勒。 丁酉，諭曰：「帝王化民以德，齊民以禮，不得已而用刑。 法者天下之平，非徇喜怒為輕重也。 往者臣民獲罪，必下部議，以士師之任，職在明允。 乃或私心揣度，事經上發，則重擬以待親裁； 援引舊案，又文致以流刻厲。 朕群生在宥，臨下以寬。 在飢寒為盜之民，尚許自首，遐方未服之罪，亦予招扌巂。 況於甿庶朝臣，豈忍陷茲冤濫？ 自後法司務得真情，引用本律，釒句距羅織，悉宜痛革，以臻刑措。」 大學士高爾儼免。 癸卯，復秋決朝審例。 乙巳，命祖澤遠專督湖廣，孟喬芳兼督四川。 丙午，免慈谿等五縣八年災賦。 辛亥，賜故明殉難大學士范景文、戶部尚書倪元璐等及太監王承恩十六人諡，並給祭田，所在有司致祭。 改折天下本色錢糧，行一條鞭法。 癸丑，貝勒吞齊等敗孫可望於寶慶。 庚申，以李率泰為兩廣總督。 慈寧宮成。 辛酉，增置內三院漢大學士，院各二人。 癸亥，諭曰：「唐、虞、夏、商未用寺人，至周僅具其職，司閽闥洒掃、給令而已。 秦、漢以來，始假事權，加之爵祿，典兵干政，貽禍後代。 小忠小信，固結主心； 大憝大奸，潛持國柄。 宮庭邃密，深居燕閒，淆是非以溷賢奸，刺喜怒而張威福，變多中發，權乃下移。 歷覽覆車，可為鑒戒。 朕酌古准今，量為設置，級不過四品。 非奉差遣，不許擅出皇城。 外官有與交結者，發覺一併論死。」
On the first day of the sixth month, yimao, Tacipian'gu and Murhaci were posthumously enfeoffed as Doroi Beile. On dingyou an edict said: 「Emperors transform the people through virtue and order them through ritual; punishment is used only when there is no alternative. Law is the balance of the realm and must not be bent to private pleasure or anger. Formerly when ministers and people committed crimes, the case had to go to the ministry for deliberation, for the Minister of Justice exists to judge clearly and fairly. Yet some guessed at private motives: if the matter had already been raised to the throne, they would impose a heavy sentence awaiting the Emperor's personal decision; when citing old cases, they would dress them up to be harsh and cutting. I hold all living things in my care and rule those below with leniency. Even common people who turn to banditry from hunger and cold are allowed to surrender, and crimes of distant peoples not yet subdued are also met with offers to accept their submission. How much less could I bear to trap ordinary people and court ministers in such wrongful convictions? Hereafter the judicial offices must obtain the true facts and cite the statute itself; fabricating charges and weaving false accusations must all be sternly abolished, until punishments are no longer needed. 」Grand Secretary Gao Erxian was dismissed. On guimao the autumn review and court reassessment precedent was restored. On yisi Zu Zeyuan was ordered to supervise Huguang exclusively and Meng Qiaofang to supervise Sichuan concurrently. On bingwu eight years of disaster levies were remitted for five counties including Cixi. On xinhai posthumous titles were granted to sixteen men of the former Ming who died loyal, including Grand Secretary Fan Jingwen and Minister of Revenue Ni Yuanlu, and the eunuch Wang Chengen, together with sacrificial fields; officials in each place were to perform sacrifice. Grain and tax levies in kind throughout the realm were commuted to cash payments, and the single-whip method was implemented. On guichou Belé Tonji and others defeated Sun Kewang at Baoqing. On gengshen Li Shuaitai was appointed Governor-General of the Two Guangs. The Cining Palace was completed. On xinyou Han Grand Secretaries were added to the three inner courts, two for each court. On guihai an edict said: 「Tang, Yu, Xia, and Shang did not employ palace eunuchs; only under Zhou were their offices fully established, to guard the gates, sprinkle and sweep, and carry orders — that was all. From Qin and Han onward they began to be lent affairs of state, given ranks and stipends, to command troops and meddle in government, bringing calamity on later ages. Small loyalty and small trust firmly bind the ruler's heart; great villainy and great treachery secretly hold the levers of state. The inner palace is deep and secluded; dwelling apart in ease, they confuse right and wrong to muddy worthy men and villains, probe joy and anger to display authority and favor, and when change often arises from within, power shifts downward. Reviewing overturned chariots through the ages, they may serve as a mirror and warning. I weigh antiquity against the present and set offices in due measure; their rank shall not exceed the fourth grade. Without an official dispatch, they may not leave the Imperial City without authorization. If any outside official is found in contact with them, on discovery both shall be sentenced to death together. The edict ended.
34
閏六月丙寅，以成克鞏為祕書院大學士，張端為國史院大學士，劉正宗為弘文院大學士。 乙亥，以金之俊為吏部尚書。 庚辰，諭曰：「考之洪範，作肅為時雨之徵，天人感應，理本不爽。 朕朝乾夕惕，冀迓天休。 乃者都城霖雨匝月，積水成渠，壞民廬舍，窮黎墊居艱食，皆朕不德有以致之。 今一意修省，祗懼天戒。 大小臣工，宜相儆息。」
In the intercalary sixth month, on bingyin, Cheng Kegong was made Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy, Zhang Duan Grand Secretary of the Guoshi Academy, and Liu Zhengzong Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy. On yihai Jin Zhijun was appointed Minister of Personnel. On gengchen an edict said: 「Examining the Great Plan, respectful conduct is the sign of timely rain; the correspondence of Heaven and man is in principle never in error. I attend to Heaven from dawn to dusk, hoping to meet Heaven's favor. Yet lately the capital has had unbroken rain for a month, water standing in channels, ruining the people's houses; the poorest are displaced and in hard straits for food — all this my lack of virtue has brought about. Now I devote myself wholly to self-examination and revere Heaven's warning. Ministers great and small should warn one another and restrain themselves. The memorial closed.
35
秋七月甲午朔，上以皇太后諭，發節省銀八萬兩賑兵民潦災。 辛丑，以宜永貴為南贛巡撫。 庚戌，皇第二子福全生。 辛酉，以安郡王岳樂為宣威大將軍，率師駐防歸化城。
On jiawu, the first day of the seventh month, on the Empress Dowager's instruction eight hundred thousand taels of savings silver were issued to relieve soldiers and civilians stricken by flood. On xinchou Yi Yonggui was appointed Governor of Southern Gan. On gengxu the Emperor's second son Fuquan was born. On xinyou Prince An Yuele was made General Who Displays Might and ordered to lead troops to garrison Guihua City.
36
八月壬午，以太宗十四女和碩公主下嫁平西王吳三桂子應熊。 尚可喜克化州、吳川。 甲申，定武職品級。 丙戌，以雷興為河南巡撫。 己丑，廢皇后為靜妃。 辛卯，李定國犯平樂，府江道周永緒，知府尹明廷，知縣塗起鵬、華鍾死之。
In the eighth month, on renwu, the Taizong's fourteenth daughter, the Heshuo Princess, was given in marriage to Wu Yingxiong, son of Pingxi Prince Wu Sangui. Shang Kexi took Huazhou and Wuchuan. On jiashen the grades of military offices were fixed. On bingxu Lei Xing was appointed Governor of Henan. On jichou the Empress was deposed as Consort Jing. On xinmao Li Dingguo attacked Pingle; Circuit Intendant Zhou Yongxu, Prefect Yin Mingting, and Magistrates Tu Qipeng and Hua Zhong died in the fighting.
37
九月壬子，復刑部三覆奏例。 丙辰，耿繼茂、喀喀木克潮州。 丁巳，孟喬芳討故明宜川王硃敬樕於紫陽，平之。
In the ninth month, on renzi, the Ministry of Justice's thrice-reviewed capital cases were restored. On bingchen Geng Jimao and Kakamu took Chaozhou. On dingsi Meng Qiaofang attacked the former Ming Prince of Yichuan Zhu Jingsu at Ziyang and pacified him.
38
冬十月癸亥朔，命田雄移駐定海。 乙丑，馬光輝等討叛將海時行於永城，時行伏誅。 丙寅，遣濟席哈討山東土寇。 乙酉，設粥廠賑京師飢民。 免通、密雲等七州縣災賦。 戊子，命大學士、學士於太和門內更番入直。
On guihai, the first day of the tenth month, Tian Xiong was ordered to move his headquarters to Dinghai. On yichou Ma Guanghui and others attacked the rebel general Hai Shixing at Yongcheng; Shixing was executed. On bingyin Jixihai was sent to campaign against Shandong bandits. On yiyou gruel kitchens were established to relieve the hungry in the capital. Disaster levies were remitted for seven prefectures and counties including Tong and Miyun. On wuzi Grand Secretaries and academicians were ordered to take turns on duty inside the Gate of Supreme Harmony.
39
十一月甲午，祀天於圜丘。 戊戌，鄭成功不受爵，優諭答之。 戊申，以亢得時為河南巡撫。 己酉，官軍討西寧叛回，平之。 乙卯，朱瑪喇、金之俊免。 丙辰，免江南災賦。 戊午，劉清泰剿九仙山賊，平之。 己未，免江西五十四州縣災賦。
In the eleventh month, on jiawu, the Emperor sacrificed to Heaven at the Circular Mound. On wuxu Zheng Chenggong declined the enfeoffment; a gracious edict answered him. On wushen Kang Deshi was appointed Governor of Henan. On jiyou government troops campaigned against the rebel Muslims of Xining and pacified them. On yimao Zhu Mala and Jin Zhijun were dismissed. On bingchen disaster levies for Jiangnan were remitted. On wuwu Liu Qingtai suppressed the bandits of Jiuxian Mountain and pacified them. On jiwei disaster levies were remitted for fifty-four prefectures and counties in Jiangxi.
40
十二月丙寅，以陳泰為寧南靖寇大將軍，同藍拜鎮湖南。 丁卯，以呂宮為弘文院大學士，博博爾代為議政大臣，馮聖兆為偏沅巡撫。 辛未，幸南苑。 甲戌，免金華八縣九年災賦。 癸未，設兵部督捕官。 以羅畢為議政大臣。 甲申，免開封、彰德、衛輝、懷慶、汝寧九年、十年災賦。 丙戌，鄭成功犯吳淞，官軍擊走之。 丁亥，還宮。 是夜，地震有聲。
In the twelfth month, on bingyin, Chen Tai was made Great General Who Pacifies the South and Subdues Bandits, with Lanbai to guard Hunan. On dingmao Lü Gong was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy, Bobo'erdai a Deliberative Minister, and Feng Shengzhao Governor of Pianyuan. On xinwei the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On jiaxu nine years of disaster levies were remitted for eight counties in Jinhua. On guimao supervisory arrest officers were established in the Ministry of War. Luo Bi was made a Deliberative Minister. On jiashen disaster levies of the ninth and tenth years were remitted for Kaifeng, Zhangde, Weihui, Huaiqing, and Runing. On bingxu Zheng Chenggong attacked Wusong; government troops drove him off. On dinghai the Emperor returned to the palace. That night there was an earthquake with a sound.
41
是年，朝鮮，琉球，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗下索諾額爾德尼、額爾德尼哈談巴圖魯，厄魯特部顧實汗、顧實汗下台吉諾穆齊，索倫部巴達克圖，富喇村宜庫達，黑龍江烏默忒、額爾多科，烏思藏達賴喇嘛俱來貢。 朝鮮再至。
This year Korea, Ryukyu, Sonoi E'erdeni and Erdeni Hatan Batulu of the Tüsheet Khan division of the Khalkha, Gushri Khan and Gushri Khan's taiji Nomuchi of the Oirat, Badaktu of the Solon, Yikuda of Fulacun, Umete and Erduke of Heilongjiang, and the Dalai Lama of Tibet all came to tribute. Korea came again.
42
十一年春正月辛丑，罷織造官。 戊申，免江寧、安徽、蘇、松、常、鎮、廬、鳳、淮、徐、滁上年災賦。 己酉，以袁廓宇為偏沅巡撫，胡全才撫治鄖陽。 庚戌，廣東仁化月峒賊平。 癸丑，鄭成功犯崇明、靖江、泰興，官軍擊走之。 甲寅，以金礪為川陝三邊總督。 乙卯，鄭成功犯金山。 丁巳，免順德、廣平、大名、天津、薊州上年災賦。 辛酉，官軍擊賊於桃源，誅偽總兵李陽春等。
In the eleventh year, in the first month of spring, on xinchou, weaving officials were abolished. On wushen last year's disaster levies were remitted for Jiangning, Anhui, Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, Xuzhou, and Chuzhou. On jiyou Yuan Kuoyu was appointed Governor of Pianyuan and Hu Quancai Pacification Commissioner of Yunyang. On gengxu the Yuedong bandits of Renhua, Guangdong, were pacified. On guichou Zheng Chenggong attacked Chongming, Jingjiang, and Taixing; government troops drove him off. On jiayin Jin Li was appointed Governor-General of the Three Borders of Shaanxi and Sichuan. On yimao Zheng Chenggong attacked Jinshan. On dingsi last year's disaster levies were remitted for Shunde, Guangping, Daming, Tianjin, and Jizhou. On xinyou government troops attacked bandits at Taoyuan and executed the false general Li Yangchun and others.
43
二月癸亥，朝日於東郊。 丙寅，諭曰：「言官為耳目之司，朕屢求直言，期遇綦切。 乃每閱章奏，實心為國者少，比黨徇私者多，朕甚不取。 其滌肺腸以新政治。」 以金之俊為國史院大學士。 庚午，甄別直省督撫，黜陟有差。 丙子，始耕耤田。 戊寅，免江西缺額丁賦。 辛巳，命尚可喜專鎮廣東，耿繼茂移駐桂林。 壬午，以馬鳴珮為宣大山西總督，耿焞為山東巡撫，陳應泰為山西巡撫，林天擎為湖廣巡撫，黃圖安為寧夏巡撫。 癸未，官軍復平遠縣。 甲申，諭曰：「比年以來，軍興未息，供億孔殷，益以水旱，小民艱食，有司失於拊循，流離載道。 朕心惻然，不遑寢處。 即核庫儲，亟圖賑撫。」 己丑，免河南州縣衛所十年災賦。 庚寅，以李廕祖為直隸山東河南總督。
In the second month, on guihai, the Emperor worshipped the sun at the eastern suburb. On bingyin an edict said: 「Censors are the organs of hearing and sight; I have repeatedly sought frank speech and looked for it with utmost urgency. Yet whenever I read memorials, few are those who serve the state with a true heart; many compare factions and show private favor — this I deeply disapprove. Let them cleanse their hearts and renew their politics. 」Jin Zhijun was made Grand Secretary of the Guoshi Academy. On gengwu governors-general and governors of the provinces were evaluated; dismissals and promotions varied. On bingzi the Emperor for the first time plowed the sacred field. On wuyin shortfall corvée levies for Jiangxi were remitted. On xinsi Shang Kexi was ordered to guard Guangdong exclusively and Geng Jimao to move his headquarters to Guilin. On renwu Ma Mingpei was made Governor-General of Xuan, Da, and Shanxi; Geng Kun Governor of Shandong; Chen Yingtai Governor of Shanxi; Lin Tianqing Governor of Huguang; and Huang Tu'an Governor of Ningxia. On guimao government troops recovered Pingyuan County. On jiashen an edict said: 「In recent years warfare has not ceased; supplies are urgently demanded; flood and drought add to the burden; the common people have a hard time finding food; officials have failed to comfort and guide them, and the displaced crowd the roads. My heart is deeply moved; I have no peace even to lie down. I have immediately checked the treasury stores and urgently planned relief. 」On jichou disaster levies of the tenth year were remitted for prefectures, counties, and guards of Henan. On gengyin Li Yinzu was appointed Governor-General of Zhili, Shandong, and Henan.
44
三月壬辰，官軍擊桂東賊，擒其渠賴龍。 戊戌，免湖廣襄陽、黃州、常德、岳州、永州、荊州、德安及辰、常、襄三衛，山東濟南、東昌十年災賦。 辛丑，寧完我劾陳名夏罪，鞫實，伏誅。 乙巳，以王永吉為左都御史。 戊申，皇第三子玄燁生，是為聖祖。 以蔣赫德為國史院大學士。 乙卯，以多羅慧哲郡王額爾袞、多羅宣獻郡王界堪、多羅通達郡王雅爾哈齊配享太廟。 以孟明輔為兵部尚書。
In the third month, on renchen, government troops attacked the bandits of Guidong and captured their leader Lai Long. On wuxu disaster levies of the tenth year were remitted for Xiangyang, Huangzhou, Changde, Yuezhou, Yongzhou, Jingzhou, and De'an in Huguang and the three guards of Chen, Chang, and Xiang; and for Jinan and Dongchang in Shandong. On xinchou Ning Wanwo impeached Chen Mingxia for crime; the case was verified and he was executed. On yisi Wang Yongji was appointed Left Censor-in-Chief. On wushen the Emperor's third son Xuanye was born — this was the Shengzu (Kangxi Emperor). Jiang Hede was made Grand Secretary of the Guoshi Academy. On yimao Doroi Prince Huizhe E'ergen, Doroi Prince Xuanxian Jiekan, and Doroi Prince Tongda Yarhaqi were given joint sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Meng Mingfu was appointed Minister of War.
45
夏四月壬戌，賊渠曹志攀犯饒州，官軍擊敗之，志攀降。 庚午，四川賊魏勇犯順慶，官軍擊敗之。 壬申，地震。 官軍擊故明將張名振等於崇明，敗之。 癸酉，免洛南上年災賦三之一。 己卯，幸南苑，賚所過農民金。 乙酉，免保康等四縣上年被寇災賦。 丁亥，以王永吉為祕書院大學士，秦世楨為浙江巡撫。 戊子，江南寇徐可進、朱元等降。
In the fourth month of summer, on renxu, the bandit leader Cao Zhipan attacked Raozhou; government troops defeated him and Zhipan surrendered. On gengwu the Sichuan bandit Wei Yong attacked Shunqing; government troops defeated him. On renshen there was an earthquake. Government troops attacked the former Ming generals Zhang Mingzhen and others at Chongming and defeated them. On guiyou one-third of last year's disaster levies for Luonan were remitted. On jimao the Emperor visited the Southern Park and bestowed gold on farmers passed along the way. On yiyou last year's disaster levies were remitted for four counties including Baokang, ravaged by bandits. On dinghai Wang Yongji was made Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy and Qin Shizhen Governor of Zhejiang. On wuzi the Jiangnan bandits Xu Kejin, Zhu Yuan, and others surrendered.
46
五月壬辰，上還宮。 甲午，幸西苑，賜大臣宴。 庚子，以胡圖為議政大臣。 甲辰，免平涼衛上年災賦。 丙午，起黨崇雅為國史院大學士，以龔鼎孳為左都御史。 丁未，遣官錄直省囚。 庚戌，免興安、漢陰、平利等州縣上年災賦。 辛亥，太白晝見。 丙辰，以楊麒祥為平南將軍，駐防杭州。
In the fifth month, on renchen, the Emperor returned to the palace. On jiawu the Emperor visited the Western Park and granted a banquet to the ministers. On gengzi Hutu was made a Deliberative Minister. On jiachen last year's disaster levies for Pingliang Guard were remitted. On bingwu Dang Chongya was recalled as Grand Secretary of the Guoshi Academy and Gong Dingzi was made Left Censor-in-Chief. On dingwei officials were sent to review prisoners in all provinces. On gengxu last year's disaster levies were remitted for prefectures and counties including Xing'an, Hanyin, and Pingli. On xinhai Venus appeared in daylight. On bingchen Yang Qixiang was made General Who Pacifies the South and stationed to garrison Hangzhou.
47
六月己未朔，河決大王廟。 丙寅，陝西地震。 丁卯，以硃瑪喇為靖南將軍，征廣東餘寇。 甲戌，立科爾沁鎮國公綽爾濟女博爾濟錦氏為皇后。 庚辰，大赦。
In the sixth month, on jiwei, the first day of the month, the Yellow River burst its banks at Dawang Temple. On bingyin Shaanxi was struck by earthquake. On dingmao Zhu Mala was made General Who Subdues the South to campaign against the remaining bandits in Guangdong. On jiaxu Bolijijin, daughter of Chuoerji, Defender Duke of the State of the Khorchin, was installed as empress. On gengchen a general amnesty was proclaimed.
48
秋七月戊子朔，封琉球世子尚質為中山王。 壬辰，免秦州、朝邑、安定災賦。 戊申，免鎮原、廣寧二縣災賦。 丙辰，以佟代為浙閩總督。
In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, wuzi, Shang Zhi, heir of Ryukyu, was enfeoffed as King of Zhongshan. On renchen disaster levies were remitted for Qinzhou, Chaoyi, and Anding. On wushen disaster levies were remitted for Zhenyuan and Guangning counties. On bingchen Tong Dai was appointed Governor-General of Zhejiang and Fujian.
49
八月戊午朔，免延安府荒賦。 己未，官軍剿瑞金餘寇，誅偽都督許勝可等。 庚申，罷直省恤刑官，命巡撫慮囚。 辛酉，免真寧縣十年災賦。 壬戌，山東濮州、陽穀等縣地震有聲。 甲戌，以張中元為江寧巡撫。 丙子，以張秉貞為兵部尚書。 庚辰，以傅以漸為祕書院大學士，任濬為刑部尚書。 壬午，故明樂安王硃議淜謀反，伏誅。
In the eighth month, on wuwu, the first day of the month, wasteland levies for Yan'an Prefecture were remitted. On jiwei government troops suppressed the remnant bandits at Ruijin and executed the false commander-in-chief Xu Shengke and others. On gengshen the provincial commissioners for compassionate review of punishments were abolished, and governors were ordered to review prisoners. On xinyou ten years of disaster levies for Zhenning County were remitted. On renxu Puzhou, Yanggu, and other counties in Shandong were shaken by earthquake with audible rumbling. On jiaxu Zhang Zhongyuan was appointed Governor of Jiangning. On bingzi Zhang Bingzhen was appointed Minister of War. On gengchen Fu Yijian was made Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy and Ren Jun Minister of Punishments. On renwu Zhu Yikun, former Ming Prince of Le'an, plotted rebellion and was executed.
50
九月己丑，范文程以病罷。 免西安、平涼、鳳翔三府十年災賦。 庚寅，封線國安為三等伯。 壬辰，申嚴隱匿逃人之禁。 癸巳，免宣府、萬全右衛災賦。 丙申，以董天機為直隸巡撫。 壬子，以馮聖兆為延綏巡撫。
In the ninth month, on jichou, Fan Wencheng was dismissed on account of illness. Ten years of disaster levies were remitted for the three prefectures Xi'an, Pingliang, and Fengxiang. On gengyin Xian Guo'an was enfeoffed as baron of the third rank. On renchen the prohibition on concealing fugitive bondservants was strictly enforced. On guisi disaster levies were remitted for Xuanfu and Wanquan Right Guard. On bingshen Dong Tianji was appointed Governor of Zhili. On renzi Feng Shengzhou was appointed Governor of Yansui.
51
冬十月丁巳朔，享太廟。 辛未，免廬、鳳、淮、揚四府，徐、滁、和三州災賦。 丁丑，命重囚犯罪三法司進擬，仍令議政王、貝勒、大臣詳議。 壬午，賑畿輔被水州縣。 免祁陽等七縣逋賦。 李定國陷高明，圍新會，耿繼茂請益師。
In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, dingsi, sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On xinwei disaster levies were remitted for the four prefectures Lu, Feng, Huai, and Yang and the three departments Xu, Chuzhou, and He. On dingchou it was ordered that in serious criminal cases the Three Judicial Offices submit preliminary sentences, while deliberative princes, beiles, and great ministers still conduct detailed deliberation. On renwu the flood-stricken prefectures and counties of the capital region were relieved. Overdue levies were remitted for seven counties including Qiyang. Li Dingguo took Gaoming and besieged Xinhui; Geng Jimao requested reinforcements.
52
十一月丁亥，以陳泰為吏部尚書，阿爾津為正藍旗滿洲固山額真。 尚可喜遣子入侍。 壬寅，詔曰：「朕纘承鴻緒，十有一年，治效未臻，疆圉多故，水旱疊見，地震屢聞，皆朕不德之所致也。 朕以眇躬託於王公臣庶之上，政教不修，瘡痍未復，而內外章奏，輒以『聖』稱，是重朕之不德也。 朕方內自省抑，大小臣工亦宜恪守職事，共弭災患。 凡章奏文移，不得稱『聖』。 大赦天下，咸與更始。」 癸卯，幸南苑。 甲辰，耿繼茂遣子入侍。
In the eleventh month, on dinghai, Chen Tai was appointed Minister of Personnel and Arjin Banner Commander of the Plain Blue Banner Manchu. Shang Kexi sent his son to attend at court. On renyin an edict said: 「I have inherited the great succession for eleven years, yet governance has not attained its effect; the borders are troubled in many places; flood and drought have come in succession; earthquakes have been heard of again and again—all this proceeds from my lack of virtue. I, a slight person, am set above princes, dukes, officials, and commoners, yet government and teaching are not repaired and the wounds are not yet healed—while memorials within and without repeatedly call me 'sagely'; this only doubles my want of virtue. I am now inwardly restraining myself; great and small officials too should keep to their duties and together quell these calamities. In all memorials and documents the title 'sagely' shall not be used. A general amnesty is proclaimed for all under Heaven, that all may make a new beginning. 」On guimao the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On jiachen Geng Jimao sent his son to attend at court.
53
十二月辛酉，和碩承澤親王碩塞薨。 戊辰，免荊門、鍾祥等六州縣災賦。 己巳，免磁、祥符等三十六州縣災賦。 壬申，以濟度為定遠大將軍，征鄭成功。 尚可喜、耿繼茂、硃瑪喇敗李定國於新會，定國遁走。 乙亥，鄭成功陷漳州，圍泉州。 丁丑，命明安達禮征羅剎。 免西安五衛荒賦。 江西賊霍武等率眾降。
In the twelfth month, on xinyou, Shuose, Imperial Uncle Prince of Chenze of the First Rank, died. On wuchen disaster levies were remitted for six prefectures and counties including Jingmen and Zhongxiang. On jisi disaster levies were remitted for thirty-six prefectures and counties including Ci and Xiangfu. On renshen Jidu was made Grand General Dingyuan to campaign against Zheng Chenggong. Shang Kexi, Geng Jimao, and Zhu Mala defeated Li Dingguo at Xinhui; Li Dingguo fled. On yihai Zheng Chenggong took Zhangzhou and besieged Quanzhou. On dingchou Mingandali was ordered to campaign against the Russians. Wasteland levies for the five guards of Xi'an were remitted. The Jiangxi bandit Huo Wu and others led their followers in submission.
54
是年，朝鮮，琉球，厄魯特部阿巴賴諾顏、諾門汗、額爾德尼達雲綽爾濟，索倫部索朗噶達爾漢，湯古忒部達賴喇嘛、諦巴班禪胡土克圖均來貢。
This year Korea, Ryukyu, Abalai noyan and Nomon Khan and Erdeni Dayun Chuoerji of the Oirat, Solangga Darhan of the Solon, and the Dalai Lama and Depa Panchen Khutuktu of the Tangut all came to tribute.
55
十二年春正月戊子，官軍敗賊於玉版巢，又擊藤縣賊，破之。 庚寅，免東平、濟陽等十八州縣上年災賦。 乙未，免直隸八府，河南彰德、衛輝、懷慶上年災賦。 戊戌，詔曰：「親政以來，五年於茲。 焦心勞思，以求治理，日望諸臣以嘉謨入告，匡救不逮。 乃疆圉未靖，水旱頻仍，吏治墮汙，民生憔悴，保邦制治，其要莫聞。 諸王大臣皆親見祖宗創業艱難，豈無長策，而未有直陳得失者，豈朕聽之不聰，虛懷納諫有未盡歟？ 天下之大，幾務之繁，責在一人，而失所輔導。 朕雖不德，獨不念祖宗培養之澤乎！ 其抒忠藎，以慰朕懷。」 辛丑，以韓岱為吏部尚書，伊爾德、阿喇善為都統。 癸卯，以於時躍為廣西巡撫。 甲辰，命在京七品以上，在外文官知府、武官副將以上，各舉職事及兵民疾苦，極言無隱。 辛亥，修順治大訓。
In the twelfth year, in the first month of spring, on wuzi, government troops defeated bandits at Yuban Nest and also struck the bandits of Teng County, routing them. On gengyin last year's disaster levies were remitted for eighteen prefectures and counties including Dongping and Jiyang. On yiwei last year's disaster levies were remitted for eight prefectures of Zhili and Zhangde, Weihui, and Huaiqing in Henan. On wuxu an edict said: 「Since I took personal government, five years have passed. With anxious heart and weary thought I have sought good governance, daily expecting my ministers to bring excellent counsel and remedy my shortcomings. Yet the borders are not yet settled, flood and drought come repeatedly, official administration has fallen corrupt, and the people's livelihood is worn—yet I have heard nothing of the essentials for securing the state and ordering rule. You princes and great ministers all witnessed with your own eyes the hardship of our ancestors in founding the enterprise—surely you have long-term plans; yet none has spoken frankly of success and failure—is it that I do not listen clearly, that in open mind to receive remonstrance something is still lacking? The realm is vast and court business manifold—the responsibility rests on one man, yet I lack those to guide me. Though I lack virtue, do I alone fail to remember the nourishing grace of the ancestors! Expound your loyal devotion, to comfort my heart. 」On xinchou Han Dai was appointed Minister of Personnel and Ild and Alashan commanders-in-chief. On guimao Yu Shiyue was appointed Governor of Guangxi. On jiachen those at the capital of the seventh rank and above and, outside the capital, civil officials at prefect and above and military officials at vice commander and above were each ordered to report on their duties and the hardships of soldiers and people, speaking plainly without concealment. On xinhai the Great Instructions of the Shunzhi reign were revised.
56
二月庚申，復遣御史巡按直省。 壬戌，大學士呂宮以疾免。 癸亥，免成安等六縣上年災賦。 己巳，賑旗丁。 免平涼、漢陰二縣上年災賦。 丙子，封博穆博果爾為和碩襄親王。 免濱、寧陽等二十一州縣上年災賦。 己卯，免滁、和二州上年災賦。 庚辰，以陳之遴為弘文院大學士，王永吉為國史院大學士。 癸未，耿繼茂、尚可喜敗李定國於興業。 廣東高、雷、廉三府，廣西橫州平。
In the second month, on gengshen, censorial touring inspectors were again sent to the provinces. On renxu Grand Secretary Lü Gong was dismissed on account of illness. On guihai last year's disaster levies were remitted for six counties including Cheng'an. On jisi relief was granted to banner soldiers. Last year's disaster levies were remitted for Pingliang and Hanyin counties. On bingzi Bomuboguo'er was enfeoffed as Imperial Uncle Prince Xiang of the First Rank. Last year's disaster levies were remitted for twenty-one prefectures and counties including Bin and Ningyang. On jimao last year's disaster levies were remitted for the two departments Chuzhou and He. On gengchen Chen Zhipin was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Wang Yongji Grand Secretary of the National History Academy. On guiwei Geng Jimao and Shang Kexi defeated Li Dingguo at Xingye. The three prefectures Gaozhou, Leizhou, and Lianzhou in Guangdong and Hengzhou in Guangxi were pacified.
57
三月戊子，免湖廣石門縣上年災賦。 以戴明說為戶部尚書。 庚子，以佟國器為南贛巡撫，宜永貴為福建巡撫。 壬寅，免鄖陽、襄陽二府上年被寇荒賦。 甲辰，賜圖爾宸、史大成等進士及第出身有差。 丁未，削續順公沈永忠爵。 壬子，諭曰：「自明末擾亂，日尋干戈，學問之道，闕焉弗講。 今天下漸定，朕將興文教，崇儒術，以開太平。 直省學臣，其訓督士子，博通古今，明體達用。 諸臣政事之暇，亦宜留心學問，佐朕右文之治。」 癸丑，設日講官。
In the third month, on wuzi, last year's disaster levies for Shimen County, Huguang, were remitted. Dai Mingshuo was appointed Minister of Revenue. On gengzi Tong Guoqi was appointed Governor of Southern Gan and Yi Yonggui Governor of Fujian. On renyin last year's bandit-related wasteland levies were remitted for the two prefectures Yunyang and Xiangyang. On jiachen Tu'erchen, Shi Dacheng, and others were granted metropolitan graduates of the first and other classes in varying degrees. On dingwei the title of Duke of Continued Submission Shen Yongzhong was stripped. On renzi an instruction said: 「Since the turmoil at the end of the Ming, arms were sought day by day and the way of learning was left untaught. Now that the realm is gradually settling, I shall promote literary culture, honor Confucian learning, and open the way to peace. Provincial education commissioners should instruct and oversee scholars to master antiquity and the present and understand principle and apply it in practice. You ministers too, in intervals from government affairs, should attend to learning and assist my policy of honoring culture. 」On guichou daily lecture officers were established.
58
夏四月乙丑，免沈丘及懷慶衛上年災賦。 丁丑，進封尼思哈為和碩敬謹親王，齊克新為和碩端重親王。 癸未，詔修太祖、太宗聖訓。
In the fourth month of summer, on yichou, last year's disaster levies were remitted for Shenqiu and the Huaiqing Guard. On dingchou Nisiha was advanced to Imperial Uncle Prince Jingjin of the First Rank and Qikexin to Imperial Uncle Prince Duanzhong of the First Rank. On guiwei an edict ordered the revision of the sacred instructions of Taizu and Taizong.
59
五月乙酉，以圖海兼刑部尚書。 辛卯，和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗薨，輟朝七日。 丁酉，以石廷柱為鎮海將軍，駐防京口。 戊戌，以胡沙為鑲黃旗固山額真。 庚子，以覺羅巴哈納為弘文院大學士。 辛丑，靈丘縣地震有聲。 乙巳，以覺羅郎球為戶部尚書。 丙午，以李際期為兵部尚書。 丁未，以恩格德為禮部尚書。 己酉，以衛周祚為工部尚書。
In the fifth month, on yiyou, Tu Hai was additionally appointed Minister of Punishments. On xinmao Jirhalang, Imperial Uncle Prince of Zheng of the First Rank, died; court mourning was suspended for seven days. On dingyou Shi Tingzhu was made General Who Guards the Sea and stationed to garrison Jingkou. On wuxu Husha was made Banner Commander of the Bordered Yellow Banner. On gengzi Aisin Gioro Bahana was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy. On xinchou Lingqiu County was shaken by earthquake with audible rumbling. On yisi Aisin Gioro Langqiu was appointed Minister of Revenue. On bingwu Li Jiqi was appointed Minister of War. On dingwei Engede was appointed Minister of Rites. On jiyou Wei Zhouzuo was appointed Minister of Works.
60
六月甲寅，免杭州、寧波、金華、衢州、台州災賦。 丁卯，諭曰：「朕覽法司章奏，決囚日五、六人，或十餘人。 念此愚氓，兵戈災祲之後，復罹法網，深可憫惻。 有虞之世，民不犯於有司。 漢文帝、唐太宗亦幾致刑措。 今犯法日眾，豈風俗日偷歟？ 抑朝廷德教未敷，或讞獄者有失入歟？ 嗣後法司其明慎用刑，務求平允。」 戊辰，免房山縣上年災賦。 桂王將劉文秀寇常德，遣其黨犯岳州、武昌，官軍擊走之。 己卯，封博果鐸為和碩庄親王。 辛巳，命內十三衙門立鐵牌。 諭曰：「中官之設，自古不廢。 任使失宜，即貽禍亂。 如明之王振、汪直、曹吉祥、劉瑾、魏忠賢輩，專權擅政，陷害忠良，出鎮典兵，流毒邊境，煽黨頌功，謀為不軌，覆敗相尋，深可鑒戒。 朕裁定內官職掌，法制甚明。 如有竊權納賄，交結官員，越分奏事者，凌遲處死。 特立鐵牌，俾世遵守。」
In the sixth month, on jiayin, disaster land tax was remitted for Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jinhua, Quzhou, and Taizhou. On dingmao an edict said: 「When I review the judicial offices' memorials, five or six persons are sentenced to death each day, sometimes more than ten. These foolish commoners, who after war and calamity again fall into the law's net, move me deeply to pity. In the age of Yu, the people did not offend against their officials. Emperor Wen of Han and Emperor Taizong of Tang also nearly brought punishments to an end. Now lawbreakers grow daily — has custom grown daily more corrupt? Or is it that the court's virtue and teaching have not yet spread widely, or that judges err in admitting and rejecting cases? Hereafter the judicial offices must be clear and cautious in punishment and must strive for fairness. 」On wuchen disaster land tax for Fangshan County of the previous year was remitted. Liu Wenxiu, general of the Prince of Gui, raided Changde; his followers struck Yuezhou and Wuchang, and government troops drove them off. On jimao Boguoduo was enfeoffed as Prince Zhuang of the First Rank. On xinsi the thirteen inner palace offices were ordered to erect iron tablets. An edict said: 「Palace eunuchs have never been abolished since antiquity. When appointment and employment are ill chosen, calamity and disorder follow at once. Men such as the Ming eunuchs Wang Zhen, Wang Zhi, Cao Jixiang, Liu Jin, and Wei Zhongxian monopolized power, usurped government, framed the loyal, took command of armies and held frontier posts, poisoned the borders, inflamed factions and praised their own merit, and plotted treason — ruin followed ruin in succession, and they are a profound warning. I have fixed the duties of inner eunuchs, and the regulations are very clear. If any steal power, accept bribes, collude with officials, or memorialize beyond their rank, they shall be executed by lingering death. Iron tablets are specially erected, that generations may observe and keep them. The edict ended.
61
秋七月癸未朔，日有食之。 壬辰，復遣廷臣恤刑。 辛亥，命直省繪進輿圖。
In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, guiwei, there was a solar eclipse. On renchen court ministers were again dispatched to review punishments with compassion. On xinhai the provinces were ordered to submit painted maps of their territories.
62
八月丙辰，免靈丘縣災賦。 癸亥，以阿爾津為寧南靖寇大將軍，同卓羅駐防荊州，祖澤潤防長沙。 乙丑，以多羅安郡王岳樂為左宗正，貝勒杜蘭為右宗正。 癸酉，諭曰：「畿輔天下根本，部臣以運河決口，議徵逋賦。 朕念畿內水旱相仍，人民荼苦，復供舊稅，其何以堪。 今悉與蠲免。 工築之費，別事籌畫。」 免曹、城武等七州縣及臨清衛、齊河屯上年災賦。
In the eighth month, on bingchen, disaster land tax for Lingqiu County was remitted. On guihai Arjin was made General for Pacifying the South and Quieting Bandits; with Zhuoluo he was stationed at Jingzhou, and Zu Zerun at Changsha. On yichou Doroi Prince of the Commandery An, Yuele, was made Left Director of the Imperial Clan, and Beile Dulan Right Director. On guiyou an edict said: 「The capital region is the root of the realm; because the Grand Canal had burst its banks, ministry officials proposed levying overdue taxes. I reflect that within the capital district flood and drought have followed one upon another, the people are bitterly afflicted, and to demand old taxes again — how could they bear it? Now all are wholly remitted. Costs of construction shall be provided for separately. 」Disaster land tax of the previous year was remitted for seven prefectures and counties including Cao and Chengwu, and for Linqing Guard and Qihe garrison.
63
九月癸未，免鳳陽災賦。 壬寅，定武會試中式殿試如文進士。 硃瑪喇、敦拜師還。 丙午，頒御制資政要覽、范行恆言、勸善要言、儆心錄，異姓公以下，文三品以上各一部。 戊申，免兩當、寧遠二縣災賦。
In the ninth month, on guiwei, disaster land tax for Fengyang was remitted. On renyin it was fixed that successful candidates in the military metropolitan examination should take the palace examination like civil jinshi. Zhumarla and Dunbai returned from campaign. On bingwu the Emperor's own works Zizheng Yaolan, Fanxing Hengyan, Quanshan Yaoyan, and Jingxin Lu were issued — one copy each to princes of non-imperial surname and to civil officials of the third rank and above. On wushen disaster land tax for Liangdang and Ningyuan counties was remitted.
64
冬十月辛亥朔，設尚寶司官。 壬子，免蔚州及陽和、陽高二衛災賦。 己未，免甘州、肅州、涼州、西寧災賦。 辛酉，命每年六月慮囚，七月覆奏，著為令。 癸亥，免磁、獲嘉等八州縣災賦。 甲子，免隆平十一年以前逋賦、淄川等八縣災賦。 丙寅，免宣府、大同災賦。 戊辰，詔曰：「帝王以德化民，以刑輔治。 苟律例輕重失宜，官吏舞文出入，政平訟理，其道曷由。 朕覽讞獄本章，引用每多未愜。 其以現行律例繕呈，朕將親覽更定之。」 辛未，以祝世允為鑲紅旗滿洲固山額真。 癸酉，以孫廷銓為兵部尚書。 乙亥，修玉牒。 丙子，龔鼎孳以罪免。
In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, xinhai, officials of the Imperial Seals Office were established. On renzi disaster land tax was remitted for Yuzhou and the Yanghe and Yanggao guards. On jiwei disaster land tax was remitted for Ganzhou, Suzhou, Liangzhou, and Xining. On xinyou it was ordered that every sixth month prisoners be reviewed and findings reported in the seventh month — fixed as a statute. On guihai disaster land tax was remitted for eight prefectures and counties including Ci and Huojia. On jiazi overdue levies before the eleventh year for Longping were remitted, and disaster land tax for eight counties including Zichuan. On bingyin disaster land tax for Xuanfu and Datong was remitted. On wuchen an edict said: 「Emperors transform the people through virtue and assist governance through punishment. If statutes and precedents err in severity and leniency, and officials twist the text to their advantage, how can government be level and lawsuits settled? When I review memorials on criminal cases, the statutes cited are often unsatisfying. Let the current code of statutes be copied and submitted; I shall personally review and revise it. 」On xinwei Zhu Shiyun was made gusa ejen of the Bordered Red Banner. On guiyou Sun Tingquan was appointed Minister of War. On yihai the imperial genealogy was revised. On bingzi Gong Dingzi was dismissed for crime.
65
十一月壬午，免濱、堂邑等十三州縣災賦。 癸未，鄭成功將犯舟山。 乙酉，巡按御史顧仁坐納賄，棄市。 丁亥，諭曰：「國家設督撫巡按，振綱立紀，剔弊發奸，將令互為監察。 近來積習，乃彼此容隱。 凡所糾劾止末員，豈稱設官之意。 嗣有瞻顧徇私者，並坐其罪。」 鄭成功將陷舟山，副將把成功降於賊。 戊子，幸南苑。 免鄖陽、襄陽逋賦，汲、淇、胙城等縣災賦。 戊申，免臨漳災賦。
In the eleventh month, on renwu, disaster land tax was remitted for thirteen prefectures and counties including Bin and Tangyi. On guiwei Zheng Chenggong's forces were about to attack Zhoushan. On yiyou Touring Censor Gu Ren was executed in the marketplace for accepting bribes. On dinghai an edict said: 「The state establishes governors-general, governors, and touring censors to strengthen the framework, set standards, root out abuses, and expose wrongdoing, intending that they should oversee one another. In recent practice they have instead concealed one another's faults. Whatever they impeach concerns only junior officials — how does this accord with the intent of establishing these offices? Hereafter those who look back in favoritism and act from private feeling shall be punished together with their crimes. 」Zheng Chenggong's forces were about to take Zhoushan; Vice-General Ba Chenggong surrendered to the rebels. On wuzi the Emperor visited the Southern Park. Overdue levies for Xiangyang and Fancheng were remitted, and disaster land tax for Ji, Qi, and Zaicheng counties. On wushen disaster land tax for Linzhang was remitted.
66
十二月丙辰，免耀州、同官、雒南災賦。 癸亥，免安吉、仁和等十州縣，宣化八衛災賦。 乙丑，頒大清滿字律。 免臨清、齊河等十州縣，東昌衛災賦。 丙寅，於時躍、祖澤遠平九團兩都瑤、僮一百九十二寨。 己巳，多羅敏郡王勒度薨。 癸酉，免涿、慶雲等三十三州縣，永平衛災賦。 甲戌，以宜爾德為寧海大將軍，討舟山寇。 以秦世禎為安徽巡撫，提督操江，陳應泰為浙江巡撫，白如梅為山西巡撫。 免臨海等十八縣，祥符、蘭陽二縣，懷慶、群牧二衛災賦。
In the twelfth month, on bingchen, disaster land tax was remitted for Yaozhou, Tongguan, and Luonan. On guihai disaster land tax was remitted for ten prefectures and counties including Anji and Renhe, and eight guards of Xuanhua. On yichou the Great Qing Manchu Code was promulgated. Disaster land tax was remitted for ten prefectures and counties including Linqing and Qihe, and for Dongchang Guard. On bingyin Yu Shiyue and Zu Zeyuan pacified one hundred ninety-two Yao and Zhuang stockaded villages of the Jiutuan and Liangdu districts. On jisi Doroi Prince Min Ledu died. On guiyou disaster land tax was remitted for thirty-three prefectures and counties including Zhuo and Qingyun, and for Yongping Guard. On jiaxu Yierde was made General Who Pacifies the Seas to campaign against the Zhoushan rebels. Qin Shizhen was made Governor of Anhui and Commander-in-Chief of the Yangtze patrol; Chen Yingtai Governor of Zhejiang; Bai Rumei Governor of Shanxi. Disaster land tax was remitted for eighteen counties including Linhai, for Xiangfu and Lanyang counties, and for Huaiqing and Qunmu guards.
67
是年，喀爾喀部額爾德尼諾穆齊台吉、門章墨爾根楚虎爾台吉、伊世希布額爾德尼台吉、額爾克戴青台吉來朝。 朝鮮，喀爾喀部畢席勒爾圖汗、俄木布額爾德尼、澤卜尊丹巴胡土克圖、丹津喇嘛、車臣汗、土謝圖汗、土謝圖汗下喇嘛塔爾達爾漢諾顏，厄魯特部杜喇爾渾津台吉、都喇爾渾津阿里錄克三拖因、阿巴賴諾顏、鄂齊爾圖台吉、噶爾丹霸，索倫部馬魯凱，訥墨禮河頭目伊庫達，黑龍江頭目庫拜，班禪胡土克圖，俄羅斯察幹汗遣使均來貢。 朝鮮三至。 厄魯特阿巴賴、鄂齊爾圖台吉再至。
That year Erdeni Nomuchi taiji of the Khalkha, Menzhang Mergen Chuhur taiji, Ishib Erdeni taiji, and Erke Daiqing taiji came to court. Tribute came from Korea; Bisiyeleritu Khan, Ombu Erdeni, Zebzandanba Hutuktu, Danjin Lama, Tüsiyetü Khan, Tusiyetü Khan, and Lama Tardarhan Noyan under Tusiyetü Khan; the Oirat Dural Hunjin taiji, Dural Hunjin Alik San toin, Abalai Noyan, Ochirtu taiji, and Galdan Ba; the Solon Marukai; Nemuri River chief Ikuda; Heilongjiang chief Kubai; the Panchen Hutuktu; and the Russian Tsagan Khan. Korea presented tribute three times. Abalai and Ochirtu taiji of the Oirat came twice.
68
十三年春正月庚辰朔，幸南苑。 癸未，諭修通鑒全書、《孝經衍義》。 丙申，免漢中、鳳翔、西安上年災賦。 己亥，鄭成功將犯台州，副將馬信以城叛，降於賊。 庚子，免廣德上年災賦十之一。 甲辰，免富陽等六縣上年災賦。 乙巳，免江西八年逋賦。
In the thirteenth year, on the first day of the first spring month, gengchen, the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On guiwei he ordered the compilation of the Comprehensive Mirror in its entirety and the Elaboration of the Classic of Filial Piety. On bingshen disaster land tax of the previous year was remitted for Hanzhong, Fengxiang, and Xi'an. On jihai Zheng Chenggong's forces were about to attack Taizhou; Vice-General Ma Xin rebelled with the city and surrendered to the rebels. On gengzi one-tenth of the previous year's disaster land tax for Guangde was remitted. On jiachen disaster land tax of the previous year was remitted for six counties including Fuyang. On yisi overdue levies of the eighth year for Jiangxi were remitted.
69
二月戊午，免荊州、安陸、常德、武昌、黃州上年災賦。 庚申，免廣平上年災賦。 丙寅，免岢嵐、五台上年災賦。 戊辰，命兩廣總督移駐梧州。 官軍敗李定國於南寧。 庚午，定部院滿官三年考滿、六年京察例。 以李率泰為浙閩總督，王國光為兩廣總督。 甲戌，以趙布泰為鑲黃旗固山額真。 丙子，幸南苑，較射。 免東平、濮、長山上年災賦。 己卯，大學士馮銓致仕。
In the second month, on wuwu, disaster land tax of the previous year was remitted for Jingzhou, Anlu, Changde, Wuchang, and Huangzhou. On gengshen disaster land tax of the previous year for Guangping was remitted. On bingyin disaster land tax of the previous year for Kelan and Wutai was remitted. On wuchen the Governor-General of Liangguang was ordered to move his headquarters to Wuzhou. Government troops defeated Li Dingguo at Nanning. On gengwu regulations were fixed for Manchu officials in ministries and boards: three-year full-term review and six-year capital inspection. Li Shuaitai was made Governor-General of Zhe and Min; Wang Guoguang Governor-General of Liangguang. On jiaxu Zhao Butai was made gusa ejen of the Bordered Yellow Banner. On bingzi the Emperor visited the Southern Park and held an archery contest. Disaster land tax of the previous year was remitted for Dongping, Pu, and Changshan. On jimao Grand Secretary Feng Quan retired from office.
70
三月庚辰，幸瀛台。 癸未，免景陵等九縣上年災賦。 癸巳，以費雅思哈為議政大臣，馬之先為川陝三邊總督。 乙未，陳之遴有罪，以原官發盛京閒住。 癸卯，諭曰：「朝廷立賢無方，比來罷譴雖多南人，皆以事論斥，非有所左右也。 諸臣毋歧方隅，毋立門戶，毋挾忿肆誣，毋摭嫌苛訐，庶還蕩平之治。」 丙午，諭曰：「朕親政以來，夙夜兢業，每期光昭祖德，蚤底治平，克當天心，以康民物。 方睿王攝政，斥忠任奸，百姓怨嗟，望朕親政。 乃者冬雷春雪，隕石雨土，所在見告。 六載之中，康乂未奏，災祲時聞。 是朕有負於百姓也。 用是恐懼靡寧，冀昭告於上帝祖宗，實圖省戒，有司其涓日以聞。」
In the third month, on gengchen, the Emperor visited Yingtai. On guiwei disaster land tax of the previous year was remitted for nine counties including Jingling. On guisi Feiyasihai was made Deliberative Minister; Ma Zhixian Governor-General of the Three Frontiers of Shaan, Sichuan, and Gansu. On yiwei Chen Zhiqin was found guilty and was sent to idle residence at Mukden at his former rank. On guimao an edict said: 「The court appoints the worthy without regard to region; of late, though many southerners have been dismissed and censured, all were judged by their deeds, not favored on one side or the other. Let all ministers not discriminate by region, not form factions, not vent anger in reckless slander, and not seize on suspicion to impose harsh impeachment — then level and tranquil government may be restored. 」On bingwu an edict said: 「Since I personally took government, I have been diligent day and night, ever hoping to glorify our ancestors' virtue, bring order early, fulfill Heaven's intent, and bring peace to the people. When Prince Rui was regent he expelled the loyal and employed the wicked; the people groaned in resentment and longed for my personal rule. Of late there have been winter thunder and spring snow, meteorites and earth falling like rain — reports have come in from every quarter. In these six years peace and order have not been achieved, and omens of disaster are heard again and again. In this I have failed the people. Therefore I live in fear and cannot rest easy; I desire to proclaim to the Lord on High and the ancestral spirits, truly seeking self-examination and restraint; let the responsible offices report to me day by day. He concluded his words.
71
夏四月辛亥，廣西故明永安王硃華堧及土司等來降。 乙卯，以災變祭告郊廟。 辛酉，官軍破賊姚黃於夷陵。 壬戌，太原陽曲地震。 丁卯，以覺羅科爾坤為吏部尚書。 庚午，免麟游荒賦。 壬申，以梁清標為兵部尚書。 丁丑，尚可喜復揭陽、普寧、澄海三縣。
In summer, the fourth month, on xinhai, Zhu Hua'e, the former Ming Prince of Yong'an in Guangxi, and native chiefs came to surrender. On yimao, because of abnormal omens, sacrifice was offered and report made at the suburban altars and temples. On xinyou government troops defeated the bandit Yao Huang at Yiling. On renxu Yangqu in Taiyuan was shaken by earthquake. On dingmao Aisin Gioro Ke'erkun was appointed Minister of Personnel. On gengwu wasteland levies for Linyou were remitted. On renshen Liang Qingbiao was appointed Minister of War. On dingchou Shang Kexi recovered Jieyang, Puning, and Chenghai.
72
五月辛卯，免大寧荒賦。 癸巳，幸南苑。 己亥，以羅託為鑲藍旗滿洲固山額真。 覺羅郎球免。 命明安達禮為理籓院尚書。 以張懸錫為宣大總督。 免荊門、京山等十一州縣，襄陽衛上年災賦。
In the fifth month, on xinmao, wasteland levies for Daning were remitted. On guisi the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On jihai Luotuo was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Blue Banner Manchus. Aisin Gioro Langqiu was dismissed. Mingandali was appointed Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. Zhang Xuanxi was made Governor-General of Xuanfu and Datong. Disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Jingmen, Jingshan, and eleven other prefectures and counties, and for Xiangyang Guard.
73
閏五月戊申，幸瀛台。 丙辰，廣西都康等府土官來降。 己未，乾清宮、坤寧宮、交泰殿及景仁、永壽、承乾、翊坤、鍾粹、儲秀宮成。 以郎廷佐為江南江西總督，劉漢祚為福建巡撫。 丙寅，以張朝璘為江西巡撫。
In the intercalary fifth month, on wushen, the Emperor visited Yingtai. On bingchen native officials of Dukang and other prefectures in Guangxi surrendered. On jiwei the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, the Hall of Union, and the Palaces of Great Benevolence, Eternal Longevity, Heavenly Purity, Consort's Blessing, Chaste Pure, and Stored Elegance were completed. Lang Tingzuo was made Governor-General of Jiangnan and Jiangxi; Liu Hanzuo was appointed Governor of Fujian. On bingyin Zhang Chaoqin was appointed Governor of Jiangxi.
74
六月己丑，諭曰：「滿洲家人皆征戰所得，故立嚴法以儆逋逃。 比年株連無已，朕心惻焉。 念此仆隸，亦皆人子。 苟以恩結，寧不知感。 若任情因辱，雖嚴何益。 嗣後宜體朕意。」 壬辰，莒州地震有聲。 庚子，免桃源上年荒賦。 辛丑，容美土司田吉麟降。 癸卯，命固山額真郎賽駐防福建。 撤直省督催稅糧滿官。 寧化賊帥黃素禾來降。
In the sixth month, on jichou, an edict said: 「Manchu household servants were all taken in war; therefore harsh laws were established to warn against flight. In recent years punishment by association has been endless; my heart is moved with pity. These bond-servants too are all men's sons. If treated with kindness, would they not be grateful? If one gives way to anger and humiliates at will, what use is severity? Hereafter act in accord with my intent. 」On renchen Juzhou was shaken by earthquake and a sound was heard. On gengzi last year's famine levies for Taoyuan were remitted. On xinchou Tian Jilin, native official of Rongmei, surrendered. On guimao gushan ejen Langsai was ordered to garrison Fujian. Manchu officials pressing for tax grain in the provinces were withdrawn. Huang Suhe, bandit chief of Ninghua, came to surrender.
75
秋七月丁未朔，享太廟。 戊申，官軍敗明桂王將龍韜於廣西，斬之。 己酉，和碩襄親王博穆博果爾薨。 庚戌，鄭成功將黃梧等以海澄來降。 壬子，上初御乾清宮。 癸丑，大赦。 戊午，以佟延年為甘肅巡撫。
In autumn, the seventh month, on dingwei—the new moon—sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On wushen government troops defeated Ming Prince Gui's general Long Tao in Guangxi and beheaded him. On jiyou Prince Bumbutai of the First Rank of Xiang died. On gengxu Zheng Chenggong's general Huang Wu and others surrendered with Haicheng. On renzi the Emperor for the first time took up residence in the Palace of Heavenly Purity. On guichou a general amnesty was proclaimed. On wuwu Tong Yannian was appointed Governor of Gansu.
76
八月戊寅，免廣信、饒州、吉安上年災賦。 己丑，免莆田、仙游、興平衛十一、十二兩年災賦。 辛卯，賑畿輔。 壬辰，封黃梧為海澄公。 停滿官榷關。 癸巳，鄭成功軍陷閩安鎮，進圍福州，官軍擊卻之。 丁酉，免順天比年災賦。 己亥，免靖遠、洮岷等衛災賦。 辛丑，命三年大閱，著為令。 乙巳，免大同上年災賦。
In the eighth month, on wuyin, last year's disaster levies for Guangxin, Raozhou, and Ji'an were remitted. On jichou disaster levies for Putian, Xianyou, and Xingping Guard for the eleventh and twelfth years were remitted. On xinmao relief was distributed in the capital region. On renchen Huang Wu was enfeoffed as Duke of Haicheng. Manchu officials' monopoly of customs posts was suspended. On guisi Zheng Chenggong's army took Min'an Town and advanced to besiege Fuzhou; government troops drove them back. On dingyou disaster levies of recent years for Shuntian were remitted. On jihai disaster levies for Jingyuan, Taomin, and other guards were remitted. On xinchou triennial grand military review was ordered and fixed as regulation. On yisi last year's disaster levies for Datong were remitted.
77
九月丙午，官軍敗鄭成功將於夏關，又敗之于衡水洋，遂復舟山。 癸亥，鄭成功將官顧忠來降。 壬申，追封和碩肅親王豪格為和碩武肅親王。
In the ninth month, on bingwu, government troops defeated Zheng Chenggong's generals at Xiaguan and again at Hengshui Yang, then recovered Zhoushan. On guihai Zheng Chenggong's officer Gu Zhong came to surrender. On renshen Prince Hooge of the First Rank of Su was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince Wu Su of the First Rank.
78
冬十月丁丑，以蔣國柱為安徽巡撫，提督操江。 戊寅，設登聞鼓。 己卯，免宣府災賦，延綏鎮神木縣十之三。 庚辰，四川賊帥鄧希明、張元凱率眾降。 甲午，以胡全才為湖廣總督。 乙未，幸南苑。 丙申，以張尚撫治鄖陽。 辛丑，官軍復辰州。 壬寅，免和順縣災賦十之三。 永順土司彭弘澍率所屬三州六司三百八十峒來降。 癸卯，命陳之遴還京。
In winter, the tenth month, on dingchou, Jiang Guozhu was made Governor of Anhui and Military Governor of Caojiang. On wuyin the Petition Drum was established. On jimao disaster levies for Xuanfu were remitted, and three-tenths for Shenmu County in Yansui. On gengchen Sichuan bandit chiefs Deng Ximing and Zhang Yuankai led their followers in surrender. On jiawu Hu Quancai was appointed Governor-General of Huguang. On yiwei the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On bingshen Zhang Shang was made pacification commissioner of Yunyang. On xinchou government troops recovered Chenzhou. On renyin three-tenths of disaster levies for Heshun County were remitted. Peng Hongshu, native official of Yongshun, led three prefectures, six offices, and three hundred eighty dong in surrender. On guimao Chen Zhiqin was ordered to return to the capital.
79
十一月丙午，還宮。 丁未，興京陵工成。 庚戌，祀天於圜丘。 辛亥，幸南苑。 申嚴左道之禁。 戊午，免清水縣、鳳翔所災賦。 丙寅，以張長庚為湖廣巡撫。 免海州荒賦。 辛未，免洛川災賦。
In the eleventh month, on bingwu, the Emperor returned to the palace. On dingwei works on the Xingjing mausoleum were completed. On gengxu sacrifice was offered to Heaven at the Circular Mound Altar. On xinhai the Emperor visited the Southern Park. Heterodox teachings were strictly forbidden. On wuwu disaster levies for Qingshui County and Fengxiang Garrison were remitted. On bingyin Zhang Changgeng was appointed Governor of Huguang. Wasteland levies for Haizhou were remitted. On xinwei disaster levies for Luochuan were remitted.
80
十二月己卯，冊內大臣鄂碩女董鄂氏為皇貴妃，頒恩赦。 戊子，還宮。 己丑，封盆挫監挫為闡化王。 乙未，以李廕祖為湖廣總督。 丁酉，加上皇太后尊號曰昭聖慈壽恭簡安懿章慶皇太后。 戊戌，頒恩赦。
In the twelfth month, on jimao, Inner Minister Eshuo's daughter of the Donggo clan was invested as Imperial Noble Consort and a grace amnesty was issued. On wuzi the Emperor returned to the palace. On jichou Bentsokhamtse was enfeoffed as King of Qianghua. On yiwei Li Yinnu was appointed Governor-General of Huguang. On dingyou the Empress Dowager's honorific was augmented to the Zhaosheng Cici Gongjian Anyi Zhangqing Empress Dowager. On wuxu a grace amnesty was issued.
81
是年，土謝圖親王巴達禮、卓禮克圖親王吳克善、達爾漢巴圖魯郡王滿硃習禮、固倫額駙阿布鼐親王來朝。 朝鮮，荷蘭，吐魯番，烏斯藏闡化王，喀爾喀部索特拔、宜爾登諾顏、喇嘛塔爾多爾濟達爾漢諾顏、車臣汗、土謝圖汗，土謝圖汗下丹津喇嘛、戴青、額爾德尼喇嘛，厄魯特部達賴吳巴什台吉、訥穆齊台吉、阿巴賴諾顏、察罕台吉、馬賴台吉、什虎兒戴青、額爾德尼台吉、顧實汗下色棱諾顏，索倫部達爾巴均來貢。 喀爾喀土謝圖汗、宜爾登諾顏再至。
That year Tushiyetu Khan Badari, Joright Khan Wuksen, Darhan Batuur Prince Manshusiri, and imperial son-in-law Prince Abunai came to court. Korea, the Netherlands, Turfan, the Qianghua King of U-Tsang, Khalkha Soktob, Ildeng Noyan, Lama Tardarjin Darhan Noyan, the Chogt Khan, the Tushiyetu Khan, the Tushiyetu Khan's Danjin Lama, Daicing, Erdeni Lama, Oirat Dalai Ubashi Taiji, Nemechi Taiji, Abalai Noyan, Chahan Taiji, Mailai Taiji, Shihuer Daicing, Erdeni Taiji, Gus Khan's Sekeng Noyan, and Solon Darba all came bearing tribute. The Khalkha Tushiyetu Khan and Ildeng Noyan came again.
82
十四年春正月辛亥，祈穀於上帝，以太祖武皇帝配。 癸丑，以魏裔介為左都御史。 甲寅，宜爾德師還。 乙卯，以張懸錫為直隸山東河南總督。 官軍敗鄭成功將於烏龍江，又敗之於惠安縣。 戊午，諭曰：「制科取士，計吏薦賢，皆朝廷公典。 臣子乃以市恩，甚無謂也。 師生之稱，必道德相成，授受有自，方足當之。 豈可攀援權勢，無端親暱。 考官所得，及薦舉屬吏，輒號門生。 賄賂公行，徑竇百出，鑽營黨附，相煽成風。 朕欲大小臣工杜絕弊私，恪守職事，犯者論罪。」 修金陵寢。 庚申，以盧崇峻為宣大總督。 甲子，諭曰：「我國家之興，治兵有法。 今八旗人民，怠於武事，遂至軍旅隳敝，不及曩時。 皆由限年定額，考取生童，鄉會兩試，即得錄用，及各衙門考取他赤哈哈番、筆帖式，徒以文字得官，遷轉甚速，以故人樂趨之。 其一切停止。」 丁卯，封猛峨、塔爾納為多羅郡王，多爾博為多羅貝勒，皇貴妃父鄂碩為三等伯。
In the fourteenth year, on xinhai—the first day of the first spring month—prayer for grain was offered to the Lord on High, with the Martial Emperor Taizu as associate. On guichou Wei Yijie was appointed Left Censor-in-Chief. On jiayin the army of Ilder returned. On yimao Zhang Xuanxi was made Governor-General of Zhili, Shandong, and Henan. Government troops defeated Zheng Chenggong's generals at the Wulong River and again at Hui'an County. On wuwu an edict said: 「The civil-service examinations for selecting scholars and the provincial officers' recommendation of the worthy are all public institutions of the court. Yet ministers would buy favor — how pointless. The relation of teacher and pupil must be formed through mutual completion in virtue and proper transmission from mentor to disciple, before one is fit for the title. How can one climb to power and favor and make intimacies without cause? Whatever examiners obtain and whatever subordinates they recommend are at once called 'disciples of the gate.' Bribery runs openly; backdoors multiply in every way — scrambling for connections and factions fan each other into a wind. I wish great and small ministers to cut off private abuses and keep to their duties; offenders shall be punished according to law. 」Repairs to the Nanjing imperial tombs were carried out. On gengshen Lu Chongjun was appointed Governor-General of Xuan and Da. On jiazi an edict said: 「Our dynasty's rise rested on training troops by fixed method. Now the people of the Eight Banners are slack in martial affairs, so that armies are worn down and fall short of former times. All because fixed quotas and examinations admit licentiates and through provincial and metropolitan tests one is straightway appointed, and because yamens examine for tachi haha baturu and clerks — gaining office by writing alone with very rapid promotion — so people gladly flock to it. Let all of this cease. 」On dingmao Meng'e and Tarner were enfeoffed as Doroi princes of the commandery; Dorbo as Doroi beile; and Imperial Noble Consort's father Eshuo as a third-class count.
83
二月戊寅，祭社稷。 命儒臣纂修《易經》。 癸未，故明崇陽王硃蘊鈐等來降。 丁酉，祭歷代帝王廟。 己亥，寬隱匿逃人律。 以賽音達理為正白旗漢軍固山額真。 壬寅，山西雲鎮地震有聲。 癸卯，免沔陽、益陽上年災賦。
In the second month, on wuyin, sacrifice was offered at the altars of soil and grain. Confucian officials were ordered to compile the Changes. On guiwei Zhu Yunqian, former Ming Prince of Chongyang, and others came to surrender. On dingyou sacrifice was offered at the Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties. On jihai the law on harboring runaway bond-servants was relaxed. Saiyindari was made gushan ejen of the Bordered White Banner Chinese Banners. On renyin Yun Prefecture in Shanxi was shaken by earthquake and a sound was heard. On guimao disaster levies of the previous year for Mianyang and Yiyang were remitted.
84
三月己酉，奉太宗文皇帝配享圜丘及祈穀壇。 多羅郡王塔爾納薨。 壬子，奉太祖武皇帝、太宗文皇帝配享方澤。 癸丑，以配享禮成，大赦天下。 甲寅，詔求遺書。 丙辰，復孔子位號曰至聖先師。 丁卯，定遠大將軍濟度師還。
In the third month, on jiyou, Taizong Wen Huangdi was offered as associate at the Circular Mound and at the Altar of Prayer for Grain. Prince Tarner of the Doroi Commandery died. On renzi Taizu Wu Huangdi and Taizong Wen Huangdi were offered as associates at the Square Mound. On guichou, because the associate-sacrifice rites were completed, a great amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On jiayin an edict sought lost books. On bingchen Confucius's title was restored to Supreme Sage and First Teacher. On dingmao Grand General Dingyuan Jidu returned with the army.
85
夏四月甲戌，興寧縣雷連十二峒瑤官龐國安等來降。 丁丑，流鄭芝龍於寧古塔。 癸未，四川保寧府威、茂二州地大震。 乙酉，以濟席哈為正紅旗滿洲都統。 丁亥，以久旱，恤刑獄。 辛卯，禱雨於郊壇，未還宮，大雨。 丁酉，幸南苑。 戊戌，置盛京奉天府。
In summer, the fourth month, on jiaxu, Pang Guo'an, Yao official of the Twelve Grottoes of Leilian in Xingning County, and others came to surrender. On dingchou Zheng Zhilong was banished to Ningguta. On guiwei Weizhou and Maozhou in Baoning Prefecture, Sichuan, were greatly shaken by earthquake. On yiyou Jixihai was made gushan ejen of the Plain Red Banner Manchus. On dinghai, because of prolonged drought, penal cases were treated with mercy. On xinmao the Emperor prayed for rain at the suburban altars; before returning to the palace, great rain fell. On dingyou the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On wuxu Mukden Fengtian Prefecture was established.
86
五月癸卯朔，日有食之。 丙午，以道喇為正紅旗蒙古固山額真。 甲寅，封濟度為和碩簡親王。 丁巳，以覺羅伊圖為兵部尚書。 戊午，還宮。
In the fifth month, on guimao—the new moon—there was a solar eclipse. On bingwu Daola was made gushan ejen of the Plain Red Banner Mongols. On jiayin Jidu was enfeoffed as Prince Jian of the First Rank. On dingsi Aisin Gioro Yitu was appointed Minister of War. On wuwu the Emperor returned to the palace.
87
六月辛巳，免彰德、衛輝二府上年災賦。 壬午，免武陵縣上年災賦。 辛丑，洪承疇以疾解任。
In the sixth month, on xinsi, disaster levies of the previous year for the prefectures Zhangde and Weihui were remitted. On rengwu disaster levies of the previous year for Wuling County were remitted. On xinchou Hong Chengchou resigned his post on account of illness.
88
秋七月丙辰，削左都御史魏裔介職，仍戴罪辦事。 庚申，以硃之錫為河道總督。
In autumn, the seventh month, on bingchen, Left Censor-in-Chief Wei Yijie was stripped of office yet allowed to continue duties bearing guilt. On gengshen Zhu Zhixi was appointed Director-General of the Grand Canal.
89
八月壬申，命敦拜為總管，駐防盛京。 己丑，免山西荒地逃丁徭賦。 丙申，鄭成功犯台州，紹台道蔡瓊枝叛，降於賊。 丁酉，賚八旗貧丁。
In the eighth month, on renshen, Dunbai was ordered to serve as superintendent and garrison Mukden. On jichou levies on deserted land and fugitive corvée households in Shanxi were remitted. On bingshen Zheng Chenggong attacked Taizhou; Cai Qiongzhi, circuit intendant of Shaoxing-Taizhou, rebelled and surrendered to the rebels. On dingyou gifts were bestowed on impoverished bannermen.
90
九月辛丑，以亢得時為漕運總督，李國英為川陝三邊總督。 丙午，初御經筵。 以賈漢復為河南巡撫。 癸丑，以高民瞻為四川巡撫。 停直省秋決。 丙寅，官軍復閩安鎮。 丁卯，京師地震有聲。 戊辰，詔曰：「自古變不虛生，率由人事。 朕親政七載，政事有乖，致災譴見告，地震有聲。 朕躬修省，文武群臣亦宜協心盡職。 朕有闕失，輔臣陳奏毋隱。」
In the ninth month, on xinchou, Kang Deshi was appointed Director-General of Grain Transport and Li Guoying Governor-General of the Three Frontiers of Sichuan and Shaanxi. On bingwu the Emperor for the first time attended the Classics lecture. Jia Hanfu was appointed Governor of Henan. On guichou Gao Minzhan was appointed Governor of Sichuan. Autumn executions in the provinces were suspended. On bingyin government troops recovered Min'an Town. On dingmao the capital was shaken by earthquake and a sound was heard. On wuchen an edict said: 「From antiquity omens do not arise in vain — they always stem from human affairs. In the seven years since I personally took government, affairs have gone awry, bringing heavenly reproof and report — earthquake with sound. I myself shall cultivate self-examination; civil and military ministers too should unite in heart and fulfill their duties. Where I have failings, assisting ministers should memorialize without concealment. The edict ended.
91
冬十月壬申，以開日講祭告先師孔子於弘德殿。 免新樂上年災賦。 癸酉，命固山額真趙布泰駐防江寧。 丙子，皇第四子生。 修賦役全書。 辛巳，幸南苑。 乙酉，閱武。 丁亥，修孔子廟。 戊子，還宮。 庚寅，改梁化鳳為水師總兵官，駐防崇明。 甲午，順天考官李振鄴、張我朴等坐受賄棄市。 乙未，昭事殿、奉先殿成。
In winter, the tenth month, on renshen, on the inaugural lecture day sacrifice and report were offered to the First Teacher Confucius in the Hall of Manifest Virtue. Disaster levies of the previous year for Xinle were remitted. On guiyou gushan ejen Zhao Butai was ordered to garrison Jiangning. On bingzi the fourth imperial son was born. The Complete Register of Tax and Corvée was revised. On xinsi the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On yiyou the Emperor reviewed troops. On dinghai the Confucius temple was repaired. On wuzi the Emperor returned to the palace. On gengyin Liang Huafeng was made commander-in-chief of the navy and garrisoned at Chongming. On jiawu Shuntian examiners Li Zhenye, Zhang Wopu, and others were executed in the market for accepting bribes. On yiwei the Hall of Manifest Rites and the Hall of Ancestors were completed.
92
十一月壬寅，幸南苑。 皇第五子常寧生。 丙午，進安郡王岳樂為親王。 庚戌，免吉水等八縣災賦。 戊午，免霸、寶坻等二十八州縣，保安等四衛災賦。 辛酉，荊州賊田國欽等來降。 壬戌，明桂王將孫可望來降。 固山貝子吞齊喀以罪削爵。
In the eleventh month, on renyin, the Emperor visited the Southern Park. The fifth imperial son, Changning, was born. On bingwu Prince of the Commandery of An Yuele was advanced to prince of the first rank. On gengxu disaster levies for eight counties including Jishui were remitted. On wuwu disaster levies for twenty-eight prefectures and counties including Ba and Baodi, and four guards including Bao'an, were remitted. On xinyou Tian Guoqin, bandit chief of Jingzhou, and others came to surrender. On renxu Sun Kewang, general of Ming Prince Gui, came to surrender. Gushan beizi Tunqika was stripped of his title for crime.
93
十二月癸酉，覆命洪承疇經略五省，同羅託等取貴州。 免新建、豐城災賦。 甲戌，封孫可望為義王。 癸未，命吳三桂自四川，趙布泰自廣西，羅託自湖南取貴州。 丙戌，明桂王將譚新傳等降。 丙申，以皇太后疾愈，賚旗兵，賑貧民。
In the twelfth month, on guiyou, Hong Chengchou was again ordered as supreme commander of five provinces, together with Luotuo and others to take Guizhou. Disaster levies for Xinjian and Fengcheng were remitted. On jiaxu Sun Kewang was enfeoffed as Prince Yi. On guiwei Wu Sangui was ordered from Sichuan, Zhao Butai from Guangxi, and Luotuo from Hunan to take Guizhou. On bingxu Tan Xinchuan and other generals of Ming Prince Gui surrendered. On bingshen, because the Empress Dowager's illness had healed, gifts were bestowed on banner troops and the poor were relieved.
94
是年，朝鮮，喀爾喀部畢席勒爾圖汗、冰圖台吉、額爾德尼韋徵諾顏、吳巴什諾顏、土謝圖汗下完書克諾顏，厄魯特部敖齊爾圖台吉子伊拉古克三、班第大胡土克圖、綽克圖台吉、巴圖魯台吉、達賴烏巴什台吉，索倫部馬魯喀、虎爾格吳爾達爾漢，東夷託科羅氏、南迪歐，達賴喇嘛、班禪胡土克圖均來貢。 朝鮮三至。
That year Korea; Bisileretu Khan of the Khalkha, Bintu taiji, Erdeni Weizheng noyan, Ubashi noyan, Wanshuke noyan under the Tüshiyetü Khan, the Oirat Eligetu taiji's son Irakuksan, Bandi dahutuktu, Choktu taiji, Baturu taiji, Dairi Ubashi taiji, the Solon Maruka and Hurga Urdahan, the Eastern Yi Tokoluo clan and Nandie'ou, the Dalai Lama, and the Panchen Hutuktu all came with tribute. Korea came three times.
95
十五年春正月庚子，大赦。 詔曰：「帝王孝治天下，禮莫大乎事親。 比者皇太后聖躬違和，朕夙夜憂懼。 賴荷天眷，今已大安。 遘茲大慶，宜沛殊恩。 其自王公以下，中外臣僚，並加恩賚。 直省逋賦，悉與豁免。 吏民一切詿誤，咸赦除之。」 壬寅，停祭堂子。 以多羅信郡王多尼為安遠靖寇大將軍，率師征雲南。 戊午，祀圜丘，己未，祀方澤，辛酉，祀太廟社稷，以太后疾愈故。 皇第四子薨。 丙寅，以周召南為延綏巡撫。
In the fifteenth year, spring, the first month, on gengzi, a great amnesty was proclaimed. An edict said: 「Emperors govern the realm through filial piety; no rite is greater than serving one's parents. Recently the Empress Dowager's sacred person was indisposed; I was anxious day and night. Thanks to Heaven's favor, she is now fully restored. Encountering this great rejoicing, extraordinary grace should be showered abroad. From princes and dukes downward, all officials within and without shall alike receive added grace and gifts. Arrears in all provinces shall be wholly remitted. All delinquencies of officials and people shall be forgiven and removed. 」On renyin sacrifice at the tangzi was halted. Prince of the Commandery of Xin Doni was made Grand General Anyuan Jingkou to lead an expedition against Yunnan. On wuwu sacrifice was offered at the Circular Mound; on jiwei at the Square Mound; on xinyou at the Imperial Ancestral Temple and altars of soil and grain — because the Empress Dowager's illness had healed. The fourth imperial son died. On bingyin Zhou Zhaonan was appointed Governor of Yansui.
96
二月甲戌，賑畿輔。 甲申，免武清、漷上年災賦。 己丑，減遼陽稅額。 辛卯，川東賊帥張京等來降。 甲午，命部院官各條陳事宜。 乙未，御經筵。
In the second month, on jiaxu, relief was distributed in the capital region. On jiashen disaster levies of the previous year for Wuqing and Huo were remitted. On jichou tax quotas for Liaoyang were reduced. On xinmao Zhang Jing, bandit chief in eastern Sichuan, and others came to surrender. On jiawu officials of ministries and boards were ordered each to submit memorials itemizing affairs. On yiwei the Emperor attended the Classics lecture.
97
三月辛丑，李定國黨閆維龍等陷橫州，官軍擊走之。 甲辰，內監吳良輔以受賄伏誅。 壬子，免襄陽、鄖陽荒賦。 戊午，追封科爾沁巴圖魯王女為悼妃。 甲子，追封皇第四子為和碩榮親王。
In the third month, on xinchou, Yan Weilong and others, partisans of Li Dingguo, took Hengzhou; government troops drove them off. On jiachen the eunuch Wu Liangfu was executed for taking bribes. On renzi wasteland levies for Xiangyang and Yunyang were remitted. On wuwu the daughter of the Khorchin Batuur King was posthumously ennobled as Consort Dao. On jiazi the fourth imperial son was posthumously ennobled as Prince Rong of the first rank.
98
夏四月辛未，賜孫承恩等進士及第出身有差。 丙子，官軍敗賊於合州，克重慶。 癸未，免江夏等七縣十三年災賦。 丙戌，較射於景山。 辛卯，免淳化荒賦。 大學士王永吉以罪免。 壬辰，大學士陳之遴復以罪流盛京。
In summer, the fourth month, on xinwei, jinshi graduates including Sun Chengen were granted differing ranks of service entry. On bingzi government troops defeated rebels at Hezhou and took Chongqing. On guiwei disaster levies of the thirteenth year were remitted for seven counties including Jiangxia. On bingxu an archery contest was held at Jingshan. On xinmao wasteland levies for Chunhua were remitted. Grand Secretary Wang Yongji was dismissed for crime. On renchen Grand Secretary Chen Zhiqin was again found guilty and exiled to Mukden.
99
五月丁酉朔，日有食之。 癸卯，調衛周祚為吏部尚書。 戊申，以劉昌為工部尚書。 更定銓選法。 辛亥，鄭成功將犯澄海，游擊劉進忠以城叛，降於成功。 壬子，免山東十一年以前灶丁逋課。 己未，較射於景山。 辛酉，裁詹事府官。 壬戌，廣西賊將賀九儀犯賓州，官兵擊敗之。 癸亥，以胡世安、衛周祚、李霨為內院大學士。 甲子，官軍復沅靖，進取貴陽、平越、鎮遠等府，南丹、那地、獨山等州，撫寧土司俱降。
In the fifth month, on dingyou, the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse. On guimao Wei Zhouzuo was transferred to Minister of Personnel. On wushen Liu Chang was appointed Minister of Works. Regulations for appointment and selection were revised. On xinhai Zheng Chenggong's general was about to attack Chenghai; Guerrilla Colonel Liu Jinzhong rebelled with the city and surrendered to Chenggong. On renzi arrears of salt-worker levies before the eleventh year in Shandong were remitted. On jiwei an archery contest was held at Jingshan. On xinyou staff of the Household of the Heir Apparent were reduced. On renxu the Guangxi rebel general He Jiuyi invaded Binzhou; government troops defeated him. On guihai Hu Shi'an, Wei Zhouzuo, and Li Bi were made Grand Secretaries of the Inner Court. On jiazi government troops recovered Yuanjing and advanced to take Guiyang, Pingyue, Zhenyuan, and other prefectures, and Nandan, Nadi, Dushan, and other districts; all Pacification and Tranquility native officials submitted.
100
六月戊辰，吳三桂等敗李定國將劉正國於三坡，克遵義，拔開州。 辛未，以趙廷臣為貴州巡撫。 壬申，以佟國器為浙江巡撫，蘇弘祖為南贛巡撫。 丙子，官軍敗海寇於白沙。 辛巳，以李棲鳳為兩廣總督。 甲申，以王崇簡為禮部尚書。 壬辰，免靖、沅陵等十五州縣及平溪九衛所額賦。 癸巳，鄭成功犯溫州，陷平陽、瑞安。
In the sixth month, on wuchen, Wu Sangui and others defeated Li Dingguo's general Liu Zhengguo at Sanpo, took Zunyi, and captured Kaizhou. On xinwei Zhao Tingchen was appointed Governor of Guizhou. On renshen Tong Guoqi was appointed Governor of Zhejiang and Su Hongzu Governor of Southern Gan. On bingzi government troops defeated sea rebels at Baisha. On xinsi Li Qifeng was made Governor-General of Liangguang. On jiashen Wang Chongjian was appointed Minister of Rites. On renchen quota levies were remitted for fifteen districts including Jing and Yuanling, and for nine guards of Pingxi. On guisi Zheng Chenggong invaded Wenzhou and took Pingyang and Ruian.
101
秋七月己亥，裁宣大總督。 己酉，以潘朝選為保定巡撫。 庚戌，沙爾虎達擊羅剎，敗之。 改內三院大學士為殿閣大學士。 設翰林院及掌院學士官。 增各道御史三十人。 己未，免桂陽、衡陽等十州縣上年災賦。 甲子，以巴哈、費揚古、郭邁、屠祿會、馬爾濟哈、鄂莫克圖、坤巴圖魯、鄔布格德墨爾根袍、喀蘭圖、鄂塞、博洛塞冷、巴特瑪、巴泰俱為內大臣，趙國祚為浙江總督，李率泰專督福建。
In autumn, the seventh month, on jihai, the Xuan-Da Governor-General was abolished. On jiyou Pan Chaoxuan was appointed Governor of Baoding. On gengxu Sahaliyan attacked the Russians and defeated them. Grand Secretaries of the Inner Three Academies were redesignated as Hall and Pavilion Grand Secretaries. The Hanlin Academy was established, with posts of Chancellor of the Academy. Thirty censors were added in each circuit. On jiwei last year's disaster levies were remitted for ten districts including Guiyang and Hengyang. On jiazi Baha, Feiyanggu, Guo Mai, Tuluhui, Ma'erjiha, Emoketu, Kunbatulu, Wubugede Mo'ergenpao, Kalandu, Ese, Boluoseleng, Batema, and Batai were all made Inner Ministers; Zhao Guozuo was made Governor of Zhejiang; and Li Shuaitai was given sole charge of Fujian.
102
八月癸酉，以李顯貴為鑲白旗漢軍固山額真。 丙子，敕諭多尼等，授以方略。 李定國將王興及水西宣慰使安坤等來降。 癸巳，御經筵。
In the eighth month, on guiyou, Li Xiangui was made gushan ejen of the Bordered White Banner Chinese Banners. On bingzi an imperial instruction was issued to Duoni and others, conferring strategy. Li Dingguo's generals Wang Xing and Shuixi Pacification Commissioner An Kun and others came to surrender. On guisi the Emperor attended the Classics lecture.
103
九月丁酉，以孫塔為鑲藍旗蒙古固山額真。 庚戌，更定理籓院大辟條例。 己酉，以能圖為左都御史。 壬子，賜鑲黃、正黃、正白三旗官校金。 甲寅，改內院大學士覺羅巴哈納、金之俊為中和殿大學士，額色黑、成克鞏為保和殿大學士，蔣赫德、劉正宗為文華殿大學士，洪承疇、傅以漸、胡世安為武英殿大學士，衛周祚為文淵閣大學士，李霨為東閣大學士。 己未，免福州、興化、建寧三府，福寧州十二、十三兩年荒賦。 癸亥，發帑賜出征軍士家。
In the ninth month, on dingyou, Sunta was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Blue Mongol Banner. On gengxu capital punishment statutes of the Court of Colonial Affairs were revised. On jiyou Nentu was appointed Left Censor-in-Chief. On renzi gold was granted to officers and soldiers of the Bordered Yellow, Plain Yellow, and Plain White Banners. On jiayin Inner Court Grand Secretaries Aisin Gioro Bahana and Jin Zhijun were made Grand Secretaries of the Hall of Central Harmony; Ersehei and Chengkegong of the Hall of Preserving Harmony; Jiang Heide and Liu Zhengzong of the Hall of Literary Glory; Hong Chengchou, Fu Yijian, and Hu Shi'an of the Hall of Military Glory; Wei Zhouzuo of the Wenyuan Pavilion; and Li Bi of the Eastern Pavilion. On jiwei wasteland levies of the twelfth and thirteenth years were remitted for Fuzhou, Xinghua, and Jianning prefectures and Funing prefecture. On guihai treasury funds were distributed to families of soldiers on campaign.
104
冬十月壬午，以祖重光為順天巡撫。 荊州、襄陽、安陸霪雨，江溢，漂沒萬餘人。
In winter, the tenth month, on renwu, Zu Chongguang was appointed Governor of Shuntian. At Jingzhou, Xiangyang, and Anlu incessant rain fell; the river overflowed and more than ten thousand people were drowned.
105
十一月甲午朔，海寇犯洛陽內港，官軍擊敗之。 乙未，免鄖陽、襄陽荒賦。 庚子，定宮中女官員額品級。 辛丑，免林縣災賦十之三。 江南考官方猶、錢開宗等坐納賄棄市。
In the eleventh month, on jiawu, the first day of the month, sea rebels invaded Luoyang inner harbor; government troops defeated them. On yiwei wasteland levies for Yunyang and Xiangyang were remitted. On gengzi quotas and ranks of female officials in the palace were fixed. On xinchou three-tenths of disaster levies for Lin County were remitted. Jiangnan examination officials Fang You, Qian Kaizong, and others were executed in the market for taking bribes.
106
十二月壬申，以索渾為鑲白旗滿洲固山額真。 甲戌，免五台災賦。 壬午，故明宗室硃議滃率眾降。 乙酉，以鄔赫為禮部尚書。 免山陰等八縣上年災賦。 戊子，以明安達禮為安南將軍，率師駐防貴州。 己丑，諭曰：「川、湖、雲、貴之人，皆朕臣庶，寇亂以來，久罹湯火。 今大軍所至，有來歸者，加意拊循，令其得所。 能效力建功者，不靳爵賞。」
In the twelfth month, on renshen, Suohun was made gushan ejen of the Bordered White Manchu Banner. On jiaxu disaster levies for Wutai were remitted. On renwu the former Ming imperial clansman Zhu Yifeng led his followers in surrender. On yiyou Wuhe was appointed Minister of Rites. Last year's disaster levies were remitted for eight counties including Shanyin. On wuzi Mingandali was made General of Annan and led troops to garrison Guizhou. On jichou an edict said: 「The people of Sichuan, Huguang, Yunnan, and Guizhou are all my subjects; since the rebellion they have long suffered flood and fire. Wherever the great army now goes, those who come to submit shall be treated with especial care and comfort, so they find their place. Those who can exert themselves and achieve merit shall not be stinted in ranks and rewards. The edict ended.
107
是年，朝鮮，喀爾喀部竇爾格齊諾顏、噶爾當台吉、土謝圖汗、畢席勒爾圖汗、丹津喇嘛，厄魯特部阿巴賴諾顏，車臣台吉下車臣俄木布、鄂齊爾圖台吉，索倫部達把代，庫爾喀部塔爾善，使犬國頭目替爾庫，達賴喇嘛俱來貢。 朝鮮、喀爾喀土謝圖汗、厄魯特阿巴賴諾顏再至。
That year Korea; Khalkha Dou'ergeqi Noyan, Gerdang Taiji, Tushiyetu Khan, Bisileritu Khan, and Danjin Lama; Oirat Abalai Noyan; Chaghan Taiji's subordinates Chechen Ombu and Ochirtu Taiji; Solon Dabada; Gurkha Tarsan; Shi-Dog state headman Tierku; and the Dalai Lama all came bearing tribute. Korea, the Khalkha Tushiyetu Khan, and Oirat Abalai Noyan came again.
108
十六年春正月甲午，桂王將譚文犯重慶，其弟譚詣殺之，及譚弘等來降。 丁酉，以徐永正為福建巡撫。 庚子，多尼克雲南，以捷聞。 初，多尼、吳三桂、趙布泰會師於平越府之楊老堡，分三路取雲南。 多尼自貴陽入，渡盤江至松嶺衛，與白文選遇，大敗之。 三桂自遵義至七星關，不得進，乃由水西間道趨烏撒。 趙布泰自都勻至盤江之羅顏渡，敗守將李成爵于山谷口，又敗李定國於雙河口，所向皆捷，遂俱抵雲南，入省城。 李定國、白文選奉桂王奔永昌。 癸卯，以林天擎為雲南巡撫。 甲辰，以巴海為昂邦章京，駐防寧古塔。 辛亥，賜外籓蒙古諸王貧乏者馬牛羊。 癸丑，以趙廷臣為雲貴總督，卞三元為貴州巡撫。
In the sixteenth year, on jiawu—the first day of the first spring month—the Prince of Gui's general Tan Wen attacked Chongqing; his brother Tan Yi killed him, and Tan Hong and others came to surrender. On dingyou Xu Yongzheng was appointed Governor of Fujian. On gengzi Duoni conquered Yunnan and victory was reported. Initially Duoni, Wu Sangui, and Zhao Butai united at Yanglaobao in Pingyue Prefecture and divided into three routes to take Yunnan. Duoni entered from Guiyang, crossed the Pan River to Songling Guard, encountered Bai Wenxuan, and utterly defeated him. Wu Sangui from Zunyi to Qixing Pass could not advance, so by a bypath through Shuixi he hastened to Wusa. Zhao Butai from Duyun to Luoyan Ford on the Pan River defeated garrison commander Li Chengjue at Shangu Pass and again defeated Li Dingguo at Shuanghekou; wherever he went there was victory; all reached Yunnan and entered the provincial city. Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan escorted the Prince of Gui in flight to Yongchang. On guimao Lin Tianqing was appointed Governor of Yunnan. On jiachen Bahai was made angbang zhangjing, garrisoning Ningguta. On xinhai horses, cattle, and sheep were granted to poor Mongol princes of the outer feudatories. On guichou Zhao Tingchen was made Governor-General of Yunnan-Guizhou and Bian Sanyuan Governor of Guizhou.
109
二月丙寅，免潼關衛辛庄等屯上年災賦。 丁卯，海寇犯溫州，官軍擊敗之。 庚午，以雲、貴蕩平，命今秋舉會試。 辛未，免荊州、潛江等九州縣及沔陽、安陸二衛上年災賦。 丙子，命羅託等班師，明安達禮駐防荊州。 壬午，以許文秀為山東巡撫。
In the second month, on bingyin, last year's disaster levies were remitted for Xinchuang and other stations of Tongguan Guard. On dingmao sea rebels invaded Wenzhou; government troops defeated them. On gengwu, because Yunnan and Guizhou were pacified, the metropolitan examination was ordered for this autumn. On xinwei last year's disaster levies were remitted for nine prefectures including Jingzhou and Qianjiang, and for the two guards Miyang and Anlu. On bingzi Luo Tuo and others were ordered to withdraw the armies, and Mingandali to garrison Jingzhou. On renwu Xu Wenxiu was appointed Governor of Shandong.
110
三月丙申，以蔣國柱為江寧巡撫。 己亥，以張仲第為延綏巡撫。 戊申，以硃衣助為安徽巡撫。 鄭成功犯浙江太平縣，官軍擊敗之。 己酉，御經筵。 甲寅，命吳三桂鎮雲南，尚可喜鎮廣東，耿繼茂鎮四川。 丁巳，免襄陽等六縣災賦。
In the third month, on bingshen, Jiang Guozhu was appointed Governor of Jiangning. On jihai Zhang Zhongdi was appointed Governor of Yansui. On wushen Zhu Yizhu was appointed Governor of Anhui. Zheng Chenggong invaded Taiping County in Zhejiang; government troops defeated him. On jiyou the Emperor attended the Classics lecture. On jiayin Wu Sangui was ordered to garrison Yunnan, Shang Kexi Guangdong, and Geng Jimao Sichuan. On dingsi disaster levies were remitted for six counties including Xiangyang.
111
閏三月壬戌，大學士胡世安以疾解任。 丁卯，定犯贓例，滿十兩者流席北，應杖責者不準折贖。 甲申，免鍾祥縣上年災賦。 圖海有罪，免。 丙戌，封譚弘為慕義侯，譚詣為鄉化侯。 丁亥，以張自德為陝西巡撫。
In the intercalary third month, on renxu, Grand Secretary Hu Shi'an resigned for illness. On dingmao statutes on corruption were fixed: ten taels or more meant exile to the northern frontier, and those liable to beating were not permitted commutation. On jiashen last year's disaster levies for Zhongxiang County were remitted. Tu Hai was found guilty and dismissed. On bingxu, Tan Hong was enfeoffed as Marquis of Mouryi and Tan Yu as Marquis of Xianghua. On dinghai, Zhang Zide was appointed Governor of Shaanxi.
112
夏四月甲寅，多尼、吳三桂軍克鎮南州，白文選縱火燒瀾滄江鐵橋遁走。 我軍進克永昌，李定國奉桂王走騰越，伏兵於磨盤山，我軍力戰，復克騰越。
In summer, the fourth month, on jiayin, the armies of Duoni and Wu Sangui took Zhennan Prefecture; Bai Wenxuan burned the Lancang River iron bridge and fled. Our forces advanced and took Yongchang; Li Dingguo escorted the Prince of Gui to Tengyue and set an ambush at Mopan Mountain; after hard fighting our army again recovered Tengyue.
113
五月壬戌，廣西南寧、太平、思恩諸府平。 己巳，以劉秉政為寧夏巡撫。 晉封滿硃習禮為和碩達爾漢巴圖魯親王。 戊寅，官軍擊成功於定關，敗之，斬獲甚眾。 辛巳，發內帑銀三十萬兩，以其半賑雲、貴窮黎，其半給徵兵餉。
In the fifth month, on renxu, Nanning, Taiping, Si'en, and other prefectures in Guangxi were pacified. On jisi, Liu Bingzheng was appointed Governor of Ningxia. Manzhu Xili was promoted to Hosoi Dalhan Baturu Prince of the First Rank. On wuyin, government troops attacked Zheng Chenggong at Ding Pass, routed him, and killed or captured a great number. On xinsi, thirty thousand taels of silver from the inner treasury were disbursed—half to relieve the poor of Yunnan and Guizhou, half to pay troops on campaign.
114
六月庚子，朝鮮國王李淏薨。 壬子，鄭成功陷鎮江府。
In the sixth month, on gengzi, King Yi Hao of Korea died. On renzi, Zheng Chenggong took Zhenjiang Prefecture.
115
秋七月丁卯，以達素為安南將軍，同索洪、賴塔等率師征鄭成功。 丙子，鄭成功犯江寧。 庚辰，幸南苑。 甲申，還宮。
In autumn, the seventh month, on dingmao, Dasu was made General of Annan and, with Suohong, Laita, and others, led an expedition against Zheng Chenggong. On bingzi, Zheng Chenggong attacked Jiangning. On gengchen, the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On jiashen, the Emperor returned to the palace.
116
八月己丑朔，江南官軍破鄭成功於高山，擒提督甘煇等，燒敵船五百餘艘。 成功敗遁，我軍追至瓜州，敵兵大潰。 先是，成功擁師十餘萬，戰艦數千，抵江寧城外，列八十三營，絡繹不絕，設大砲、地雷、雲梯、木柵，為久困之計，軍容甚盛。 我軍噶褚哈、馬爾賽等自荊州以舟師來援，會蘇松水師總兵官梁化鳳及游擊徐登第、參將張國俊等各以軍至，總督郎廷佐合軍會戰，水陸並進，遂以捷聞。 庚寅，御經筵。 癸巳，幸南苑。 以劉之源為鎮海大將軍，同梅勒章京張元勛等駐防鎮江。 以蔡士英為鳳陽巡撫，總督漕運； 宜永貴為安徽巡撫，提督操江。 丙申，安南國都將武公恣遣使納款於洪承疇軍前。 戊戌，還宮。 甲辰，鄭成功復犯崇明，官軍擊敗之。 乙巳，幸南苑。 丙午，還宮。
In the eighth month, on jichou—the first day of the month—Jiangnan government troops defeated Zheng Chenggong at Gaoshan, captured Grand Coordinator Gan Hui and others, and burned more than five hundred enemy vessels. Zheng Chenggong was beaten and fled; our forces pursued to Guazhou and the enemy broke in full rout. Earlier Zheng Chenggong had mustered more than a hundred thousand men and several thousand warships; he reached the outskirts of Jiangning, pitched eighty-three camps in unbroken array, deployed great guns, land mines, scaling ladders, and wooden stockades, and intended a prolonged siege—his host was very formidable. Our officers Gatuhha, Ma'ersai, and others came from Jingzhou with a flotilla; Vice-Admiral Liang Huafeng of the Su-Song water forces and Mobile Corps Commander Xu Dengdi, Assistant Commander Zhang Guojun, and others each arrived with detachments; Governor-General Lang Tingzuo combined the armies for battle; advancing by land and water together, they reported victory. On gengyin, the Emperor attended the Classics Lecture. On guisi, the Emperor visited the Southern Park. Liu Zhiyuan was made Grand General Who Guards the Sea and, with Meile Zhangjing Zhang Yuanxun and others, was posted to garrison Zhenjiang. Cai Shiying was appointed Governor of Fengyang and given overall charge of the grain transport. Yi Yonggui was appointed Governor of Anhui and Grand Coordinator of River Defense. On bingshen, the chief general of Annan, Wu Gongzi, sent envoys to submit before Hong Chengchou's army. On wuxu, the Emperor returned to the palace. On jiachen, Zheng Chenggong again attacked Chongming; government troops defeated him. On yisi, the Emperor visited the Southern Park. On bingwu, the Emperor returned to the palace.
117
九月庚申，免台州四年至十年被寇稅賦。 乙亥，賜陸元文等進士及第出身有差。 丁丑，以杜立德為刑部尚書。 戊寅，予故朝鮮國王李淏諡，封世子棩為國王。 庚辰，以海爾圖為鑲藍旗漢軍固山額真。 辛巳，尊興京祖陵為永陵。 甲申，幸南苑。
In the ninth month, on gengshen, tax and levy were remitted for Taizhou for the fourth through tenth years of bandit ravages. On yihai, Lu Yuanwen and other jinshi were granted metropolitan degrees with distinction according to rank. On dingchou, Du Lide was appointed Minister of Punishments. On wuyin, a posthumous title was granted to the late King Yi Hao of Korea, and the heir Yi Hwan was enfeoffed as king. On gengchen, Ha'ertu was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Blue Banner Han Army. On xinsi, the ancestral tomb at Xingjing was honored as Yongling. On jiashen, the Emperor visited the Southern Park.
118
冬十月庚戌，洪承疇以疾解經略任。 甲寅，奈曼部達爾漢郡王阿漢以罪削爵為庶人。
In winter, the tenth month, on gengxu, Hong Chengchou resigned the supreme command because of illness. On jiayin, Ahan, Dalhan Prince of the Commandery of the Naiman tribe, was stripped of his title for misconduct and reduced to commoner status.
119
十一月己未，論故巽親王滿達海、端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪前罪，削巽親王、端重親王爵，降其子為多羅貝勒。 敬謹親王獨免。 壬戌，以公渥赫、公朴爾盆為內大臣。 丙寅，上獵於近畿。 壬申，次昌平州，上酹酒明崇禎帝陵，遣學士麻勒吉祭王承恩墓。 甲戌，遣官祭明帝諸陵，並增陵戶，加修葺，禁樵採。 戊寅，皇第六子奇授生。 己卯，次湯泉。 甲申，次三屯營。 追諡明崇禎帝為庄烈愍皇帝。 丙戌，吳三桂取沅江。
In the eleventh month, on jiwei, the former crimes of the late Prince Xun Mandahai, Prince Duanzhong Boluo, and Prince Jingjin Nikan were reviewed; the princely titles of Xun and Duanzhong were revoked and their sons reduced to doroi beile. Prince Jingjin alone was exempted. On renxu, the dukes Wohe and Pu'erpen were appointed inner ministers. On bingyin, the Emperor hunted in the near suburbs. On renshen, the court halted at Changping Prefecture; the Emperor poured libation at the tomb of the Ming Chongzhen Emperor and sent Academician Meleji to sacrifice at the tomb of Wang Chengen. On jiaxu, officials were sent to sacrifice at the Ming imperial tombs; tomb households were increased, repairs were undertaken, and woodcutting was forbidden. On wuyin, the sixth imperial son Qiushou was born. On jimao, the court halted at Tang Springs. On jiashen, the court halted at Santun Camp. The Ming Chongzhen Emperor was posthumously honored as Emperor Zhuanglie Min. On bingxu, Wu Sangui took Yuanjiang.
120
十二月戊戌，還京。 乙巳，定世職承襲例。 庚戌，加公主封號。 壬子，命耿繼茂移駐廣西。
In the twelfth month, on wuxu, the Emperor returned to the capital. On yisi, regulations for hereditary office succession were established. On gengxu, the ennoblement titles of princesses were augmented. On renzi, Geng Jimao was ordered to shift his garrison to Guangxi.
121
是年，朝鮮，喀爾喀部丹津喇嘛、土謝圖汗、車臣汗、畢席勒爾圖汗、魯布臧諾顏、車臣濟農、昆都倫託音、土謝圖汗下多爾濟台吉，厄魯特部阿布賴諾顏、達來吳霸西諾顏、俄齊爾圖台吉，黑龍江能吉勒屯頭目韓批理，索倫部胡爾格烏爾達爾漢俱來貢。 朝鮮，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、丹津喇嘛再至。
That year Korea; the Khalkha Danjin Lama, Tushiyetu Khan, Chichen Khan, Bisileritu Khan, Lubuzang Noyan, Chichen Jinong, Kundulun Toyin, and Dorji Taiji under the Tushiyetu Khan; the Oirat Abulai Noyan, Dalai Mubasxi Noyan, and Ochirtu Taiji; Han Pili, headman of Nengjile Tun in Heilongjiang; and Hurge Urdalhan of the Solon—all sent tribute. Korea; the Khalkha Tushiyetu Khan and Danjin Lama came again.
122
十七年春正月丙寅，以硃國治為江寧巡撫。 庚辰，京師文廟成。 以能圖為刑部尚書。 辛巳，詔曰：「自古帝王，統御寰區，治效已臻，則樂以天下； 化理未奏，則罪在朕躬。 敬天勤民，道不越此。 朕續承祖宗鴻緒，兢兢圖治，十有七年。 乃民生猶未盡遂，貪吏猶未盡除，滇、黔伏戎未靖，徵調時聞。 反覆思維，朕實不德，負上天之簡畀，忝祖宗之寄託，虛太后教育之恩，孤四海萬民之望。 每懷及此，罔敢即安。 茲以本年正月，祭告天地、太廟、社稷，抒忱引責。 自今以後，元旦、冬至及朕壽令節慶賀表章，俱行停止。 特頒恩赦，官民除十惡死罪外，悉減一等，軍流以下，咸赦除之。 直省逋賦，概予豁免。 有功者錄，孝義者旌。 誕告中外，咸使聞知。」 免洮州衛上年災賦。 甲申，免莒、寧陽十二州縣上年災賦。
In spring of the seventeenth year, on bingyin of the first month, Zhu Guozhi was appointed Governor of Jiangning. On gengchen, the Confucian temple of the capital was completed. Nengtu was appointed Minister of Punishments. On xinsi, an edict said: 「From antiquity, emperors have ruled the realm; when governance has achieved its effect, they rejoice with all under Heaven; when transformation has not been achieved, the fault lies with me alone. Revering Heaven and laboring for the people—the Way does not go beyond this. I have continued the great enterprise of the ancestors and labored anxiously in government for seventeen years. Yet the people's livelihood is still not fully secure, corrupt officials are still not fully removed, hidden enemies in Yunnan and Guizhou are not yet pacified, and levies for campaigns are heard from time to time. Reflecting on this again and again, I truly lack virtue; I have failed Heaven's brief charge, betrayed the trust of the ancestors, wasted the Empress Dowager's nurturing grace, and fallen short of the hopes of the realm and the myriad people. Whenever I think of this, I dare not be at ease. Now, in the first month of this year, I shall offer sacrifice and report to Heaven and Earth, the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the Altar of Soil and Grain, laying bare my heart and taking blame upon myself. Henceforth, congratulatory memorials for New Year's Day, the winter solstice, and my birthday are all to cease. A special amnesty is proclaimed: for officials and commoners, aside from the ten abominations and death sentences, all punishments are reduced one degree; for exile by military sentence and below, all are pardoned. Arrears of tax in the provinces are wholly remitted. Those with merit are to be recorded; the filial and righteous are to be honored. Let this be proclaimed within and without so that all may hear and know. 」Disaster levies of the previous year for Taozhou Guard were remitted. On jiashen, disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Ju, Ningyang, and twelve other prefectures and counties.
123
二月戊子，詔京官大學士、尚書自陳。 其三品以下，親加甄別。 吳三桂軍破賊於普洱。 征南將軍趙布泰師還。 壬辰，尚書劉昌自陳年老，致仕。 癸巳，免貴陽等六府及土司上年災賦。 復設鳳陽巡撫，駐泰州。 戊戌，甄察直省督撫及京職三品以上漢官，石申、馮溥等錄敘黜降有差。 壬寅，以林起龍為鳳陽巡撫。 免淮、揚、鳳三府，徐州上年災賦。 定每年孟春合祭天地日月及諸神於大享殿。 癸卯，諭禮部：「向來孟春祈穀禮於大享殿舉行，今既行合祭禮於大享殿，以後祈穀禮於圜丘舉行。」 壬子，免梁城所上年災賦。
In the second month, on wuzi, an edict ordered Grand Secretaries and ministers of the capital from the third rank up to submit memorials on their own conduct. Those below the third rank were to be personally examined and distinguished. Wu Sangui's army defeated the rebels at Pu'er. Zhao Butai, General Who Pacifies the South, led his army home. On renchen, Minister Liu Chang memorialized that he was aged and retired from office. On guisi, disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Guiyang and five other prefectures and native offices. The governorship of Fengyang was re-established, with headquarters at Taizhou. On wuxu, governors-general and governors of the provinces and Han officials of the third rank and above in the capital were examined; Shi Shen, Feng Pu, and others were recorded, promoted, or demoted with distinction. On renyin, Lin Qilong was appointed Governor of Fengyang. Disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Huai, Yang, and Feng Prefectures and for Xuzhou. It was fixed that each year in the first month of spring Heaven and Earth, sun and moon, and the various spirits should be jointly sacrificed at the Hall of Great Enjoyment. On guimao, the Ministry of Rites was instructed: 「Formerly the first-month prayer-for-grain rite was performed at the Hall of Great Enjoyment; now that the joint-sacrifice rite is performed at the Hall of Great Enjoyment, hereafter the prayer-for-grain rite shall be performed at the Circular Mound. 」On renzi, disaster levies of the previous year for Liangcheng Guard were remitted.
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三月癸亥，定平西、靖南二籓兵制。 甲子，以史紀功為浙江巡撫。 辛未，諭禮部：「朕載稽舊制，歲終祫祭之外，有奉先殿合祭之禮。 自後元旦、皇太后萬壽及朕壽節，合祀於奉先殿。 其詳議禮儀以聞。」 論陷鎮江罪，革巡撫蔣國柱、提督管效忠職，免死為奴，協領費雅柱等棄市。 甲戌，定固山額真漢稱曰都統，梅勒章京曰副都統，甲喇章京曰參領，牛錄章京曰佐領，昂邦章京曰總管。 滿仍其舊。 以袁懋功為雲南巡撫。 丙子，御經筵。 癸未，定王、貝勒、貝子、公妻女封號。 甲申，更定民公、侯、伯以下，章京以上盔纓制。
In the third month, on guihai, the military establishments of the Pingxi and Jingnan fiefs were fixed. On jiazi, Shi Jigong was appointed Governor of Zhejiang. On xinwei, the Ministry of Rites was instructed: 「I have examined the old regulations; apart from the year-end joint offering, there is the joint offering at the Hall of Ancestors. Henceforth on New Year's Day, the Empress Dowager's birthday, and my birthday, joint sacrifice shall be performed at the Hall of Ancestors. Deliberate the rites in detail and report. 」The crime of the fall of Zhenjiang was adjudged: Governor Jiang Guozhu and Grand Coordinator Guan Xiaozhong were stripped of office, spared death and made bond-servants; Assistant Commander Fei Yazhu and others were executed in the market. On jiaxu, the Han titles of gushan ejen, meile zhangjing, jala zhangjing, and niru zhangjing were fixed as commander-in-chief, vice commander-in-chief, company commander, and assistant commander; angbang zhangjing as superintendent. Manchu titles remained as before. Yuan Maogong was appointed Governor of Yunnan. On bingzi, the Emperor attended the Classics Lecture. On guiwei, the titles of ennoblement for the wives and daughters of princes, beile, beizi, and dukes were fixed. On jiashen, the regulations for helmet tassels for commoners from duke, marquis, and earl downward and for zhangjing and above were revised.
125
夏四月丙戌，免寶坻、豐潤、武清上年災賦。 甲午，以張長庚為湖廣總督。 丙申，以劉祚遠為保定巡撫，張椿為陝西巡撫。 辛丑，詔定匿災不報罪。 癸卯，以白秉貞撫治鄖陽。 丙午，皇第七子隆禧生。 己酉，合祀天地於大享殿。
In summer, the fourth month, on bingxu, disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Baodi, Fengrun, and Wuqing. On jiawu, Zhang Zhanggeng was appointed Governor-General of Huguang. On bingchen Liu Zuoyuan was appointed Governor of Baoding and Zhang Chun was appointed Governor of Shaanxi. On xinchou an edict fixed penalties for concealing disasters and not reporting them. On guimao Bai Bingzhen was assigned to pacify and administer Yunyang. On bingwu the Emperor's seventh son Longxi was born. On jiwei Heaven and Earth were jointly sacrificed at the Hall of Great Enjoyment.
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五月乙卯朔，以覺羅伊圖為吏部尚書。 庚申，免綏德、膚施五州縣上年災賦。 甲子，以阿思哈為兵部尚書，蘇納海為工部尚書。 甲戌，以佟壯年為正藍旗漢軍都統，郭爾泰為鑲白旗蒙古都統。 免沅州、鎮遠二衛災賦。 己卯，詔曰：「前者屢詔引咎責躬，由今思之，皆具文而鮮實益。 且十二、十三年間，時有過舉，經言官指陳，雖加處分，而此心介然未釋。 今上天示儆，亢旱癘疫，災眚疊至。 寇盜未息，民生困悴。 用是深自刻責，夙夜靡寧。 從前以言獲罪者，吏部列名具奏。 凡國計民生利害，及朕躬闕失，各直言無隱。」 庚辰，以張天福為正黃旗漢軍都統。 壬午，覺羅巴哈納等以旱引罪自陳。 上曰：「朕以旱災迭見，下詔責躬。 卿等合辭引罪，是仍視為具文，非朕實圖改過意也。 卿等職司票擬，僅守成規，未能各出所見，佐朕不逮。 是皆朕不能委任大臣之咎。 自後專加委任，其占力贊襄，秉公持正，以副朕懷。」 多羅信郡王多尼師還。 癸未，雲南土司那侖來降。
In the fifth month, on yimao—the first day of the month—Aisin Gioro Yitu was appointed Minister of Personnel. On gengshen disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Suide, Fushi, and five other prefectures and counties. On jiazi Ashan was appointed Minister of War and Sunahai was appointed Minister of Works. On jiaxu Tong Zhuangnian was made commander of the Plain Blue Banner Han Army and Guo'ertai commander of the Bordered White Banner Mongols. Disaster levies for Yuanzhou and Zhenyuan Guards were remitted. On jimao an edict said: 「In the past I repeatedly issued edicts taking blame upon myself — thinking of it now, all were empty form with little real benefit. Moreover in the twelfth and thirteenth years there were faults from time to time; when censors pointed them out, though penalties were imposed, this heart remained unappeased. Now Heaven shows warning: severe drought and pestilence; disasters and portents come in succession. Bandits and rebels are not quiet; the people's livelihood is distressed and worn. Therefore I deeply blame myself and am restless night and day. Let the Ministry of Personnel list by name and memorialize all who were punished in the past for speaking out. Concerning whatever affects national planning and the people's welfare, and whatever faults are mine personally — speak frankly without concealment. 」On gengchen Zhang Tianfu was made commander of the Bordered Yellow Banner Han Army. On renwu Aisin Gioro Bahana and others, because of drought, confessed fault and submitted memorials of blame. The Emperor said: 「Because drought disasters have appeared again and again, I issued an edict taking blame upon myself. You all submit collective memorials of blame — this still treats the matter as empty form, not my true intent to reform faults. Your duty is to draft and endorse memorials; you only keep to established rules and cannot each advance your views to assist where I fall short. All this is my fault for not fully delegating authority to great ministers. Hereafter I shall delegate fully; devote your strength to assist, uphold fairness and rectitude, to answer what I seek in my heart. 」Prince Doni of the Commandery of Xin returned with his army. On guimao Nalun, native official of Yunnan, came to surrender.
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六月乙酉，始命翰林官於景運門入直。 以阿思哈兼攝左都御史事。 戊子，遣官省獄。 以楊茂勛為湖廣巡撫。 免澧、巴陵十二州縣及岳州等衛上年災賦。 己丑，增祀商中宗、高宗、周成王、康王、漢文帝、宋仁宗、明孝宗於歷代帝王廟。 罷遼太祖、金太祖、元太祖廟祀及宋臣潘美、張浚從祀。 以蘇納海為兵部尚書。 癸巳，以穆里瑪為工部尚書，白色純署河道總督。 丙申，上以禱雨步至南郊齋宿。 是日，大雨。 戊戌，祀天於圜丘，又雨。 己亥，大學士劉正宗、成克鞏、魏裔介以罪免。 辛丑，命修舉天下名山大川、古帝王聖賢祀典。
In the sixth month, on yiyou, Hanlin officials were for the first time ordered to enter palace duty at the Jingyun Gate. Ashan was additionally placed in charge of Left Censor-in-Chief affairs. On wuzi officials were sent to review prisons. Yang Maoxun was appointed Governor of Huguang. Disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Li and Baling and twelve other prefectures and counties, and for Yuezhou and other guards. On jichou the Middle King of Shang, the High King of Shang, King Cheng and King Kang of Zhou, Emperor Wen of Han, Emperor Renzong of Song, and Emperor Xiaozong of Ming were added to sacrifice at the Temple of Successive Emperors. Sacrifice to the founders of Liao, Jin, and Yuan in the temple was abolished, as were attendant sacrifices to the Song subjects Pan Mei and Zhang Jun. Sunahai was appointed Minister of War. On guisi Murima was appointed Minister of Works and Bai Sechun acted as Grand Canal Director-General. On bingshen, because of prayer for rain, the Emperor walked to the Southern Suburb and fasted overnight. That day, great rain fell. On wuxu Heaven was sacrificed at the Circular Mound; rain fell again. On jihai Grand Secretaries Liu Zhengzong, Cheng Kegong, and Wei Yijie were dismissed for crime. On xinchou orders were issued to restore sacrifice throughout the realm to famous mountains and rivers and to ancient emperors, kings, and sages.
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秋七月甲寅朔，以霍達兼攝左都御史事。 和碩簡親王濟度薨。 戊午，編降兵為忠勇、義勇等十營，隸吳三桂，以降將馬寶等統之。 丁卯，移祀北嶽於渾源州。 己巳，免荊州、祁陽十三州縣及衡州等衛上年災賦。 庚午，免均、保康七州縣及鄖、襄二衛上年荒賦。 以楊義為工部尚書。 丁丑，命耿繼茂移駐福建。 寧古塔總管巴海敗羅剎於使犬部地，招撫費牙喀十五村一百二十餘戶。 改徙席北流犯於寧古塔。 庚辰，停遣御史巡按直省。 壬午，以羅託為安南將軍，率師征鄭成功。 癸未，能圖免。
In autumn, the seventh month, on jiayin—the first day of the month—Huo Da was additionally placed in charge of Left Censor-in-Chief affairs. Prince Jidu of Jian of the First Rank died. On wuwu surrendered troops were organized into ten camps such as Loyal Brave and Righteous Brave, placed under Wu Sangui, and commanded by surrendered generals including Ma Bao. On dingmao sacrifice to the Northern Peak was transferred to Hunyuan Prefecture. On jisi disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Jingzhou, Qiyang, and thirteen other prefectures and counties, and for Hengzhou and other guards. On gengwu famine levies of the previous year were remitted for Jun and Baokang and seven other prefectures and counties, and for Yun and Xiang Guards. Yang Yi was appointed Minister of Works. On dingchou Geng Jimao was ordered to transfer his garrison to Fujian. Bahai, commander of Ningguta, defeated the Russians at Shigoubu and won over more than 120 households of fifteen Feiyaka villages. Exiles from Xibeiliu were relocated to Ningguta. On gengchen dispatch of censor tours to inspect the provinces was suspended. On renwu Luotuo was made General of Annam and led an army to campaign against Zheng Chenggong. On guimao Nentu was dismissed.
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八月丁亥，以彭有義為河南巡撫。 己丑，免化、茂名四州縣及高州所上年災賦。 庚寅，免武岡上年災賦。 丙申，雲南車裡土司刀木禱來降。 戊戌，以沈永忠為掛印將軍，鎮守廣東。 辛丑，以愛星阿為定西將軍，征李定國。 壬寅，皇貴妃董鄂氏薨，輟朝五日。 甲辰，追封董鄂氏為皇后。 己酉，降將郝承裔叛，陷邛州，圍嘉定，官軍擊敗之。 辛亥，以穆里瑪為鑲黃旗滿洲都統。
In the eighth month, on dinghai, Peng Youyi was appointed Governor of Henan. On jichou disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Hua, Maoming, and four other prefectures and counties, and for Gaozhou Garrison. On gengyin disaster levies of the previous year for Wugang were remitted. On bingchen Daomudao, native official of Cheli in Yunnan, came to surrender. On wuxu Shen Yongzhong was made General Bearing the Seal and stationed to garrison Guangdong. On xinchou Aising'a was made General Who Pacifies the West and campaigned against Li Dingguo. On renyin Imperial Noble Consort of the Donggo clan died; court audience was suspended for five days. On jiachen the Donggo clan was posthumously enfeoffed as Empress. On jiwei the surrendered general Hao Chengyi rebelled, took Qiongzhou, and besieged Jiading; government troops defeated him. On xinhai Murima was made commander of the Bordered Yellow Banner Manchus.
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九月癸丑朔，安南國王黎維祺奉表來降。 甲子，以佟鳳彩為四川巡撫。 丁卯，偽將鄧耀據海康，官軍擊走之。 壬申，以王登聯為保定巡撫。 甲戌，免保昌六縣及南、韶二所十四年災賦。 戊寅，幸昌平，觀故明諸陵。 己卯，還宮。
In the ninth month, on guichou—the first day of the month—Li Weiqi, king of Annam, submitted a memorial of surrender. On jiazi Tong Fengcai was appointed Governor of Sichuan. On dingmao the false general Deng Yao held Haikang; government troops attacked and drove him off. On renshen Wang Denglian was appointed Governor of Baoding. On jiaxu disaster levies for the fourteenth year were remitted for six counties including Baochang, and for Nan and Shao Garrisons. On wuyin the Emperor visited Changping and viewed the tombs of the former Ming. On jimao he returned to the palace.
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冬十月丁亥，以覺羅雅布蘭為刑部尚書。 戊子，罷朝鮮貢鷹。 辛卯，幸近郊。 甲午，還宮。 己亥，以郭科為工部尚書。 丁未，免睢、商丘十一州縣及歸德、睢陽二衛上年災賦。
In winter, the tenth month, on dinghai, Aisin Gioro Yaburan was appointed Minister of Punishments. On wuzi tribute of hawks from Korea was abolished. On xinmao the Emperor visited the near suburbs. On jiawu he returned to the palace. On jihai Guo Ke was appointed Minister of Works. On dingwei disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Sui, Shangqiu, and eleven other prefectures and counties, and for Guide and Suiyang Guards.
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十一月甲寅，免趙、柏鄉四州縣及真定衛上年災賦。 乙卯，免寧、上饒四十六州縣上年災賦。 丁巳，撤直省恤刑官。 安南將軍明安達禮師還。 辛酉，大學士劉正宗以罪免。 壬戌，復遣御史巡按直省。 乙丑，敬謹親王尼思哈薨。 戊寅，免睢、虞城六州縣災賦。 庚辰，免五河、安東上年災賦。
In the eleventh month, on jiayin, disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Zhao, Baixiang, and four other prefectures and counties, and for Zhending Guard. On yimao disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for forty-six prefectures and counties including Ning and Shangrao. On dingsi mercy-review officials in the provinces were withdrawn. General of Annam Mingandali returned with his army. On xinyou Grand Secretary Liu Zhengzong was dismissed for crime. On renxu censor tours to inspect the provinces were again dispatched. On yichou Prince Jingjin Nisiha died. On wuyin disaster levies were remitted for six prefectures and counties including Sui and Yucheng. On gengchen disaster levies of the previous year were remitted for Wuhe and Andong.
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十二月癸巳，免邳、宿遷四州縣災賦。 戊戌，免慶都災賦。 甲辰，皇第八子永幹生。
In the twelfth month, on guisi, disaster levies were remitted for four prefectures and counties including Pi and Suqian. On wuxu disaster levies for Qingdu were remitted. On jiachen the Emperor's eighth son Yonggan was born.
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是歲，朝鮮，喀爾喀部丹津喇嘛，土謝圖汗下萬舒克諾顏、七旗，厄魯特部鄂齊里汗，達賴喇嘛、班禪胡土克圖，阿里祿克山托因，虎爾哈部宜訥克，俄羅斯部察罕汗，使鹿索倫部頭目布勒、蘇定噶、索朗阿達爾漢子查木蘇來貢。 朝鮮再至。
That year tribute came from Korea; the Khalkha lama Danjin; Wan Shukenoiyan and seven banners under the Tushiyetu Khan; the Eleuth Khan Ochir; the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Khutuktu; Ari Uluqshan Toyin; Yin'eke of the Hurha; the Russian tsar; and the chiefs Bule, Sudingga, and Chamus's son Chamusu of the Reindeer Solon. Korea sent tribute again.
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十八年春正月壬子，上不豫。 丙辰，大漸。 赦死罪以下。 丁巳，崩於養心殿，年二十四。 遺詔曰：「朕以涼德，承嗣丕基，十八年於茲矣。 自親政以來，紀綱法度，用人行政，不能仰法太祖、太宗謨烈，因循悠忽，苟且目前。 且漸習漢俗，於淳樸舊制，日有更張。 以致國治未臻，民生未遂，是朕之罪一也。 朕自弱齡，即遇皇考太宗皇帝上賓，教訓撫養，惟聖母皇太后慈育是依。 隆恩罔極，高厚莫酬，朝夕趨承，冀盡孝養。 今不幸子道不終，誠悃未遂，是朕之罪一也。 皇考賓天，朕止六歲，不能服衰絰行三年喪，終天抱憾。 惟侍奉皇太后順志承顏，且冀萬年之後，庶盡子職，少抒前憾。 今永違膝下，反上廑聖母哀痛，是朕之罪一也。 宗室諸王貝勒等，皆太祖、太宗子孫，為國籓翰，理宜優遇，以示展親。 朕於諸王貝勒，晉接既疏，恩惠復鮮，情誼暌隔，友愛之道未周，是朕之罪一也。 滿洲諸臣，或歷世竭忠，或累年效力，宜加倚託，盡厥猷為。 朕不能信任，有才莫展。 且明季失國，多由偏用文臣。 朕不以為戒，委任漢官，即部院印信，間亦令漢官掌管。 致滿臣無心任事，精力懈弛，是朕之罪一也。 朕夙性好高，不能虛己延納。 於用人之際，務求其德與己侔，未能隨才器使，致每嘆乏人。 若舍短錄長，則人有微技，亦獲見用，豈遂至於舉世無才，是朕之罪一也。 設官分職，惟德是用，進退黜陟，不可忽視。 朕於廷臣，明知其不肖，不即罷斥，仍復優容姑息。 如劉正宗者，偏私躁忌，朕已洞悉於心，乃容其久任政地。 可謂見賢而不能舉，見不肖而不能退，是朕之罪一也。 國用浩繁，兵餉不足。 而金花錢糧，盡給宮中之費，未嘗節省發施。 及度支告匱，每令諸王大臣會議，未能別有奇策，止議裁減俸祿，以贍軍餉。 厚己薄人，益上損下，是朕之罪一也。 經營殿宇，造作器具，務極精工。 無益之地，糜費甚多。 乃不自省察，罔體民艱，是朕之罪一也。 端敬皇后於皇太后克盡孝道，輔佐朕躬，內政聿修。 朕仰奉慈綸，追念賢淑，喪祭典禮，過從優厚。 不能以禮止情，諸事太過，逾濫不經，是朕之罪一也。 祖宗創業，未嘗任用中官。 且明朝亡國，亦因委用宦寺。 朕明知其弊，不以為戒。 設立內十三衙門，委用任使，與明無異。 致營私作弊，更逾往時，是朕之罪一也。 朕性耽閒靜，常圖安逸，燕處深宮，御朝絕少。 致與廷臣接見稀疏，上下情誼否塞，是朕之罪一也。 人之行事，孰能無過？ 在朕日理萬幾，豈能一無違錯？ 惟聽言納諫，則有過必知。 朕每自恃聰明，不能聽納。 古云：『良賈深藏若虛，君子盛德，容貌若愚。』 朕於斯言，大相違背。 以致臣工緘默，不肯進言，是朕之罪一也。 朕既知有過，每自刻責生悔。 乃徒尚虛文，未能省改，過端日積，愆戾愈多，是朕之罪一也。 太祖、太宗創垂基業，所關至重。 元良儲嗣，不可久虛。 朕子玄燁，佟氏妃所生，岐嶷穎慧，克承宗祧，茲立為皇太子。 即遵典制，持服二十七日，釋服即皇帝位。 特命內大臣索尼、蘇克薩哈、遏必隆、鰲拜為輔臣。 伊等皆勛舊重臣，朕以腹心寄託。 其勉矢忠藎，保翊沖主，佐理政務。 布告中外，咸使聞知。」
In the eighteenth year, spring, the first month, on renzi, the Emperor fell ill. On bingchen his illness became critical. Crimes punishable by death and below were pardoned. On dingsi he died in the Hall of Mental Cultivation, aged twenty-four. His testamentary edict said: 「With meager virtue I succeeded to the great foundation; it is now eighteen years. Since I personally took government, institutions, law, appointment of men, and conduct of administration could not rise to emulate the plans and exploits of the Taizu and Taizong — I followed along slackly and neglected what lay before me. Moreover I gradually accustomed myself to Han customs, and day by day altered the plain honest old institutions. Thus national government did not reach perfection and the people's livelihood did not prosper — this is one of my crimes. From youth I met with the passing of my imperial father Taizong; in nurture and instruction I relied solely on the gracious fostering of the Empress Dowager. Her lofty grace is boundless; her depth and kindness cannot be repaid — day and night I attended her, hoping to fulfill filial nurture. Now unhappily the way of a son was not completed and sincere devotion was not achieved — this is one of my crimes. When my imperial father passed away I was only six and could not wear mourning and observe the three-year bereavement — regret I shall carry all my days. I could only attend the Empress Dowager and carry out her will and pleasure, and hoped after ten thousand years to fulfill a son's duty and somewhat ease former regret. Now I am forever parted from her knee; instead I add to the Holy Mother's grief — this is one of my crimes. Princes, imperial clansmen, and banner nobles are all descendants of the Taizu and Taizong — pillars of the state; they should be treated generously to show extended kinship. In meeting princes and nobles I was both distant in contact and stinting in favor; affections were estranged and the way of friendship was not complete — this is one of my crimes. Manchu ministers who served loyally through generations or exerted themselves for years should be relied upon and fully employ their counsel. I could not trust them; men of talent had no scope. Moreover the Ming lost the realm largely through undue reliance on civil officials. I did not take this as a warning and entrusted Han officials — even ministry and board seals were sometimes placed in Han hands. Thus Manchu ministers lost heart for service and their energy slackened — this is one of my crimes. By nature I have loved what is lofty and could not humble myself to extend welcome and acceptance. In employing men I always sought virtue matching my own and could not assign posts according to each man's capacity, so that I often lamented the lack of talent. If one employed the long and overlooked the short, then men with slight skill would also be used — how could it reach the point that there was no talent in the world? This is one of my crimes. To establish offices and assign duties, only virtue should be used; advancement, demotion, and dismissal must not be neglected. Toward court ministers, when I clearly knew they were unworthy I did not at once dismiss them but still tolerated and indulged them. Liu Zhengzong, for example, was partial, jealous, and impetuous — I had long seen this in my heart, yet let him long hold power in government. One may say that seeing the worthy I could not promote them and seeing the unworthy I could not dismiss them — this is one of my crimes. State expenditure was vast and military pay insufficient. Yet grain tribute paid in gold-flower silver was wholly spent on palace expenses without ever economizing and distributing. When the treasury reported shortage, I had princes and great ministers meet in conference but we could devise no special measure — only to discuss cutting salaries to supply military pay. Enriching oneself at others' expense, benefiting the top and harming the bottom — this is one of my crimes. In building palaces and making utensils I sought utmost refinement. On unprofitable matters I squandered much. Yet I did not examine myself and heed the people's hardship — this is one of my crimes. Empress Xiaohuizhang in serving the Empress Dowager fully fulfilled filial duty and assisted me in person; inner governance was well ordered. I obeyed her gracious instruction, recalled her worth, and in mourning rites and sacrifices was excessively generous. I could not restrain feeling by ritual; in everything I went too far, excessive and contrary to propriety — this is one of my crimes. The ancestors in founding the enterprise never employed eunuchs. Moreover the Ming lost the realm because they entrusted palace eunuchs. I clearly knew this abuse yet did not take it as warning. I established the Thirteen Yamens of the Inner Palace and entrusted them with employment and orders — no different from the Ming. Thus they pursued private gain and fraud worse than before — this is one of my crimes. My nature indulges quiet and ease; I often sought repose, dwelling deep in the palace with very few imperial audiences. Thus I was sparse in meeting court ministers; sentiment between high and low was blocked — this is one of my crimes. In human conduct who can be without fault? Yet I handle ten thousand affairs daily — how can there not be occasional errors? Only by heeding words and accepting remonstrance will faults necessarily be known. I always relied on my own intelligence and could not listen and accept. The ancients said: 「A good merchant stores treasure as if he had none; the gentleman of great virtue seems foolish in countenance. 」In this saying I have greatly departed. Thus officials kept silent and would not advance counsel — this is one of my crimes. Though I knew I had faults, I often blamed myself and felt regret. Yet I only valued empty form and could not truly reform; faults accumulated daily and offenses grew ever more — this is one of my crimes. The Taizu and Taizong bequeathed the foundation — the matter is weighty indeed. The heir apparent and crowned prince must not long remain vacant. My son Xuanye, born to Consort of the Tong clan, is bright and intelligent and can succeed to the ancestral temple; he is hereby established as Crown Prince. Let the canonical rites be followed — observe mourning for twenty-seven days; upon release from mourning take the imperial throne. I specially appoint Inner Ministers Sony, Suksaha, Ebilun, and Oboi as assisting ministers. They are all ministers of meritorious old service; I entrust them with my inmost heart. Let them exert loyal integrity, protect and assist the young sovereign, and jointly manage administration. Proclaim within and without so that all may hear and know. The historian concluded.
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三月癸酉，上尊諡曰體天隆運英睿欽文大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝，廟號世祖，葬孝陵。 累上尊諡曰體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝。
In the third month, on guiyou, the posthumous title was raised: Emperor Zhang who conforms to Heaven and elevates fortune, of civil brilliance and discerning reverence, of grand virtue and far-reaching achievement, of ultimate benevolence and pure filial piety; temple name Shizu; burial at Xiaoling. The posthumous title was again raised cumulatively: Emperor Zhang who conforms to Heaven, settles the succession, and establishes the pole, of civil brilliance and discerning reverence, of manifest martial prowess, of grand virtue and far-reaching achievement, of ultimate benevolence and pure filial piety.
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論曰：順治之初，睿王攝政。 入關定鼎，奄宅區夏。 然兵事方殷，休養生息，未遑及之也。 迨帝親總萬幾，勤政愛民，孜孜求治。 清賦役以革橫征，定律令以滌冤濫。 蠲租貸賦，史不絕書。 踐阼十有八年，登水火之民於衽席。 雖景命不融，而丕基已鞏。 至於彌留之際，省躬自責，布告臣民。 禹、湯罪己，不啻過之。 書曰：「亶聰明作元後，元後為民父母。」 其世祖之謂矣。
Commentary says: At the beginning of Shunzhi, the Prince Regent held government. Entering the passes and fixing the tripod, he took possession of the central realm. Yet military affairs were still urgent; to nourish the people and let them rest was not yet within reach. When the Emperor personally directed the myriad affairs, he was diligent in government and loved the people, seeking good rule tirelessly. He regulated tax and corvée to abolish extortion, fixed laws and ordinances to wash away wrongful punishment. Remission of rent and lending of grain fill the histories without break. In the eighteen years of his reign he set the people who had faced flood and fire upon the couch of peace. Though his allotted span did not fuse, the great foundation was already secured. At the final vigil he examined himself and took blame, proclaiming to his ministers and people. When Yu and Tang charged themselves with crime, it was no more than this. The Book says: 「Truly be intelligent and be the primary sovereign; the primary sovereign is father and mother to the people. 」This may be said of the Shizu Emperor.