Volume 56 Treatises 31: Geography 3, Ji Lin

志三十一

Treatises 31

地理三

Geography 3

吉林

Jilin

吉林：古肅慎國之域。明初，奴兒干都司地，領衛百八十四、所二十。後為長白山三部、扈倫四部所屬輝發、烏拉、葉赫，兼有哈達北境及東海部地。清初，建滿洲城於俄漠惠之野鄂多理城。順治十年，置昂邦章京及副都統二人鎮守寧古塔。康熙元年，改寧古塔將軍。十五年徙，改吉林將軍。先是十年徙副都統一人駐吉林，三十三年徙伯都訥。雍正三年，復置吉林阿勒楚喀副都統。五年，增三姓副都統。光緒七年，置琿春副都統，吉林、賓州、五常三廳。八年，吉林廳陞府。後增長春、新城、依蘭，各領縣有差。三十三年建行省，改將軍為巡撫，盡裁副都統等。宣統三年，定西南、西北、東南、東北四路為四道。凡轄府十有一，州一，廳五，縣十八。西至伊通州，界盛京；東至烏蘇里江，界俄領東海濱省；北至松花江，界黑龍江；南至圖們、鴨綠江，界朝鮮。廣二千四百餘里，袤千五百餘里。北極高四十一度三十分至四十五度四十分。京師偏東九度八分至十三度十分。宣統三年，編戶七十三萬九千四百六十一，口三百七十三萬五千一百六十七。案：吉之舊界，東至寧古塔八百餘里，又烏扎庫邊卡七百餘里，又松阿察河三百里，又千餘里至海，凡三千里有奇。其東北至三姓千二百里，又五百餘里富克錦，又七百餘里烏蘇里江口，又二千餘里至廟爾，實四千四百里有奇。又自富克錦逾混同，循黑龍江東界，北至外興安嶺，二千里有奇。又自琿春而東至海參崴，又東七百里有奇錫林河。其中部落，若費雅，居圖庫魯、鄂古二河之間，在混同江北海濱；若費雅喀，居額濟第河西；若貢豹，居約色河北；若奇雅喀喇，居約色河南，並混同江東南海濱。其自混同江口西至黑勒爾，則濟勒彌部居之，即金史之濟勒敏；自黑勒爾西至阿吉大山，沿混同江兩岸，則額登喀喇部居之，即不薙髮黑斤；自阿吉大山西至伯利，則赫哲喀喇居之，即薙髮黑斤；並久隸版圖，比於編戶。咸豐八年愛琿之約，以烏蘇里江口為新界，失地二千餘里，然于吉只東北一隅。十一年北京之約，自烏蘇里江口溯流至松阿察河，逾興凱湖西至白棱河口，又逾大綏芬河而南至瑚布圖河口，又南而西至圖們江口以東舊界屬俄，以烏札庫邊卡瑚布圖河口為新界，又失數千里，遂無復有江口入海為吉轄境者。光緒十二年，黑頂子勘界，定琿春之海口屬俄，則圖們江口內去海三十里「土」字界碑為中俄新界矣。又東北海中庫葉島，一曰黑龍嶼，廣三四百里，袤二千餘里。西北圖克蘇圖山，山陰社瓦狼、陽費雅喀部，南有阿當吉山，山東嵩闊洛、南俄倫春部，又南雅丹部，並天命中內附。遼遠不克時至，歲以夏六月遣使至寧古塔東北三千里普魯鄉貢獻，頒賚有差。後屬三姓。今亦為俄有矣。又東南海中蝦夷島，康熙中屢偕庫葉人至混同江境內貢貂受賞，後亦隸日。其名山：長白。北迤者，黑山、平頂。歧為二：西支，西北迤為色齊窩集、張廣才嶺，至拉林；東支，東北迤為哈爾巴嶺、老松嶺。至綏芬河源復歧，一東訖俄東海濱省，一東北為察庫蘭嶺、哈達嶺、阿爾哈山。其巨川：松花、混同、嫩江、牡丹、烏蘇里、圖們諸江。其驛路：西達盛京開原；北齊齊哈爾；西南達琿春。電線：東達海參崴，北齊齊哈爾，西南達奉天。

Jilin: the territory of the ancient Sushen kingdom. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, it fell under the jurisdiction of the Nue'ergan Military Commission, which administered 184 guard units and 20 battalion units. Later it came under Huifa, Wula, and Yehe — tribes subject to the three Changbai Mountain confederations and the four Hulun tribes — and also encompassed the northern reaches of Hada and the lands of the Donghai tribes. In the early Qing, the Manchu city was established at Oduoli, in the wilderness of Emohui. In the tenth year of the Shunzhi reign, an angbang jiangjing and two deputy commanders were appointed to garrison Ningguta. In the first year of the Kangxi reign, the post was redesignated as General of Ningguta. In the fifteenth year the general was transferred and the title changed to General of Jilin. Previously, in the tenth year one deputy commander had been transferred to garrison Jilin; in the thirty-third year that post was moved to Boduna. In the third year of the Yongzheng reign, the Jilin Aletchuka deputy commander was reestablished. In the fifth year, a deputy commander for Sanxing was added. In the seventh year of the Guangxu reign, a Hunchun deputy commander was established, along with the subprefectures of Jilin, Binzhou, and Wuchang. In the eighth year, Jilin Subprefecture was promoted to a prefecture. Later Changchun, Xincheng, and Yilan were added, each with its own complement of counties under its jurisdiction. In the thirty-third year the region was organized as a province: the general's post was replaced by a governor, and all deputy commander positions were abolished. In the third year of the Xuantong reign, the Southwest, Northwest, Southeast, and Northeast routes were established as four circuit intendancies. In all it administered eleven prefectures, one department, five subprefectures, and eighteen counties. To the west it extended to Yitong Prefecture, bordering Shengjing; To the east it reached the Ussuri River, bordering Russian Maritime Province; To the north it extended to the Songhua River, bordering Heilongjiang; To the south it reached the Tumen and Yalu rivers, bordering Korea. It measured over 2,400 li from east to west and over 1,500 li from north to south. Its latitude ranged from 41°30′ to 45°40′ north. It lay between 9°08′ and 13°10′ east of the capital. In the third year of the Xuantong reign, registered households numbered 739,461 and the population stood at 3,735,167. Note: On Jilin's old borders, the eastern frontier ran eight hundred-odd li to Ningguta, then seven hundred-odd li further to the Wuzhaku border post, then three hundred li along the Songacha River, and then over a thousand li to the sea — more than three thousand li in all. From the northeast, it was twelve hundred li to Sanxing, then five hundred-odd li to Fukujin, then seven hundred-odd li to the mouth of the Ussuri River, and then over two thousand li to Miao'er — more than four thousand four hundred li in all. From Fukujin, crossing the Huntong and following the eastern bank of the Heilong River north to the Outer Khingan Range, was over two thousand li. From Hunchun eastward to Haishenwai, and then another seven hundred-odd li east to the Xilin River. Among the tribes in this region, the Feiya lived between the Tukuru and Egu rivers, on the northern coast of the Huntong River; the Feiyaka lived west of the Ejidai River; the Gongbao lived north of the Yuese River; and the Qiyakala lived south of the Yuese River — all on the southeastern coast of the Huntong River. From the mouth of the Huntong River west to Hele'er lived the Jilemi tribe — the Jilemin recorded in the History of Jin; from Hele'er west to Aji Mountain, along both banks of the Huntong River, lived the Edengkala tribe — the unshorn Heijin; from Aji Mountain west to Boli lived the Hezhekala — the shorn Heijin; all had long been subject to the empire, counted no differently from registered households. Under the Aihun Convention of the eighth year of the Xianfeng reign, the mouth of the Ussuri River became the new border, costing over two thousand li of territory — yet this affected only a corner of Jilin's northeast. Under the Beijing Convention of the eleventh year, from the mouth of the Ussuri River upstream to the Songacha River, west across Lake Xingkai to the mouth of the Bailing River, then across the Da Suifen River south to the mouth of the Hubutu River, and then south and west to the old border east of the Tumen estuary — all of this passed to Russia. With the Wuzhaku border post at the mouth of the Hubutu River as the new boundary, several thousand li more were lost, and Jilin no longer had any river mouth opening to the sea within its jurisdiction. In the twelfth year of the Guangxu reign, during the Heidingzi boundary survey, Hunchun's river mouth was assigned to Russia, and the new Sino-Russian border was fixed at the "Tu" character boundary marker thirty li inland from the sea at the mouth of the Tumen River. In the northeast sea lies Kuye Island, also called Heilong Islet — over three or four hundred li wide and over two thousand li long. To the northwest stands Tukusutu Mountain; on its northern slope live the Shewalang and Feiyaka tribes. To the south is Adangji Mountain; on its eastern slope live the Songkuoluo and southern Oroqen tribes, and further south the Yadan tribe — all of whom submitted to the dynasty during the Tianming reign. The distance was too great for them to come regularly; each year in the sixth month envoys were dispatched to Puluxiang, three thousand li northeast of Ningguta, to receive their tribute offerings, and rewards were distributed according to rank. Later they came under the jurisdiction of Sanxing. Now this too belongs to Russia. In the southeast sea lies the Ainu Island; during the Kangxi reign its people repeatedly came with the Kuye people into the Huntong River region to offer sable tribute and receive rewards, but later they too came under Japanese rule. Its notable mountains include Changbai. Extending northward are Hei Mountain and Pingding. These divide into two branches: the western branch runs northwest as Seqiwoji and the Zhangguangcai Range, reaching Lalin; the eastern branch runs northeast as the Ha'erba Range and the Laosong Range. At the source of the Suifen River they divide again: one branch extends east into Russian Maritime Province; the other runs northeast as the Chakulan Range, Hada Range, and A'erha Mountain. Its major rivers are the Songhua, Huntong, Nen, Mudan, Ussuri, and Tumen. Its courier routes ran west to Kaiyuan in Shengjing; north to Qiqihar; and southwest to Hunchun. Telegraph lines ran east to Haishenwai, north to Qiqihar, and southwest to Fengtian.

吉林府：繁，疲，難。總督駐奉天。巡撫兼副都統，民政、交涉、提學、提法、度支司，勸業道駐。明，烏拉等衛。後屬扈倫族之烏拉部。本吉林烏拉，一曰烏拉雞林，又名船廠。清初，隸寧古塔將軍。康熙十五年徙駐。雍正五年置永吉州，隸奉天。乾隆十二年改吉林廳，仍隸將軍。光緒八年升為吉林省治，領伊通、敦化，後削。西南至京師二千三百里。距盛京八百二十餘里。隸西南路道。廣四百九十里，袤五百餘里。北極高四十五度四十九分。京師偏東十度二十七分。東：團山，尼什哈龍潭。西南：溫德亨，亦望祭山，有殿祀長白，雍正十一年建；壽山。東南：松花江自額穆入，右合海青溝，左溫德亨河。東北逕城東，又北，右合莽牛、四家子，左鼇龍、興隆河，緣舒蘭界入德惠。西南驛馬河，即伊勒們，自磐石緣界合岔路河，又北緣雙陽界，西北木石河，並從之。打牲烏拉，城北七十里，本烏拉國，舊曰布特哈烏拉。太祖先後克其宜罕山、臨河、金州、遜扎塔諸城，遂平之。柳邊四圍長六百二十二里，柵高四尺五寸，壕寬深各一丈，插柳結繩以定內外，曰「柳條邊」，亦新邊。東北接舒蘭，西南至雙陽。農事試驗場，桑蠶山蠶林業土山分局，松花江官輪局，歡喜嶺稽查所。商埠，光緒三十一年中日約開。舊設站五：東尼什哈、額赫，北金珠鄂佛羅，西蒐登、伊勒們。官商路四：南並溫德河達樺甸官街；東南歷大小風門達敦化；西南雙河鎮、磐石；北渡鼇龍達德惠。吉長鐵路站九：吉林、孤店子、樺皮廠、趙家店、土門嶺、馬鞍山、營城子、下九臺、驛馬河。

Jilin Prefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. The governor-general was stationed at Fengtian. The governor also served as deputy commander; the civil affairs, foreign affairs, education, judicial, and finance bureaus, along with the industry promotion circuit intendant, were all stationed there. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Wula guard and related posts. Later it belonged to the Wula tribe of the four Hulun confederations. Originally Jilin Wula, also called Wula Jilin and known as the Shipyard. In the early Qing it fell under the General of Ningguta. In the fifteenth year of the Kangxi reign the garrison was transferred there. In the fifth year of the Yongzheng reign, Yongji Department was established under the jurisdiction of Fengtian. In the twelfth year of the Qianlong reign it was redesignated as Jilin Subprefecture, still under the general. In the eighth year of the Guangxu reign it was promoted to the provincial seat of Jilin, administering Yitong and Dunhua — jurisdictions later reduced. It lay two thousand three hundred li southwest of the capital. It stood over eight hundred twenty li from Shengjing. It fell under the Southwest Route circuit intendant. It measured 490 li from east to west and over 500 li from north to south. Its latitude is 45°49′ north. It lies 10°27′ east of the capital. To the east: Tuanshan and Nishaha Dragon Pool. To the southwest: Wendehang, also called Wangji Mountain, with a hall enshrining Changbai, built in the eleventh year of the Yongzheng reign; and Shoushan. To the southeast: the Songhua River enters from Emu; on the right it receives the Haiqing Gully, on the left the Wendehang River. It passes northeast of the city, then turns north; on the right it receives the Mangniu and Sijiazi streams, on the left the Aolong and Xinglong rivers, and along the Shulan border enters Dehui. To the southwest, the Yima River — that is, the Yilemen — flows from Panshi along the border and joins the Chalu River; then north along the Shuangyang border; northwest the Mushi River — all tributaries of it. Dashaeng Wula, seventy li north of the city, was originally the Wula kingdom, formerly known as Buteha Wula. Taizu successively captured its cities of Yihanshan, Linhe, Jinzhou, and Xunzhata, and thus brought the region under control. The Willow Palisade perimeter measures 622 li; the fence stands four chi five cun high, with a ditch one zhang wide and deep; willows are planted and ropes tied to mark the inner and outer boundaries — known as the "Willow Palisade," also called the New Palisade. It connects to Shulan in the northeast and extends to Shuangyang in the southwest. It had an agricultural experiment station, a silkworm and oak-silkworm forestry bureau, a Songhua River official steamship bureau, and a Huanxiling inspection office. A commercial port, opened under the Sino-Japanese treaty of the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign. Five courier stations were formerly established: to the east — Nishaha and Ehe; to the north — Jinzhu and Efoluo; to the west — Soudeng and Yilemen. Four official merchant roads: south along the Wende River to Huadian official street; southeast through the large and small Fengmen passes to Dunhua; southwest to Shuanghe Town and Panshi; and north, crossing the Aolong, to Dehui. Nine stations on the Jilin-Changchun Railway: Jilin, Gudianzi, Huapichang, Zhaojiadian, Tumenling, Ma'anshan, Yingchengzi, Xiajiutai, and Yimahe.

長春府：繁，疲，難。省西二百四十里。古扶餘國地。明初，三萬衛。後屬蒙古科爾沁部。清初屬蒙古郭爾羅斯前旗，曰寬城子。嘉慶五年，於長春堡置長春廳。道光五年徙治，仍舊名。光緒十五年升。宣統元年，設西南路分巡兵備道，駐府。廣三百二十里，袤一百七十里。北極高四十三度四十一分。京師偏東八度三十三分。西南：白龍駒山。俄築東清鐵路採石。光緒三十四年，與日本交涉封禁。西人謂世界最古石山，與英阿爾蘭為二。西：龍泉、大青、對龍。南：伊通河自其州邊門入，逕城東，又北，左會新開河，東北緣農安界，逕潘家嶺，入德惠。東：驛馬河，自雙陽緣界，右岸及霧海河並北從之。硃家城照磨，光緒十六年由農安徙。官商路四：南入伊通門，達其州；東南十里堡達雙陽；西：萬家橋達奉天懷德；北：萬寶山鎮達農安。吉長鐵路自吉林歷德惠入。站四：飲馬河、卡倫、長春、頭道溝。在府西北與東清接。日俄戰後，長春以北屬俄之東清，以南屬日本南滿鐵道會社。俄站寬城子，曰長春驛。商埠，光緒三十一年中日約開。

Changchun Prefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. Two hundred forty li west of the provincial seat. Territory of the ancient kingdom of Fuyu. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, it was the Sanwan guard. Later it came under the Mongol Khorchin tribe. In the early Qing it belonged to the Mongol Gorlos Front Banner and was called Kuanchengzi. In the fifth year of the Jiaqing reign, Changchun Subprefecture was established at Changchun Fort. In the fifth year of the Daoguang reign, the administrative seat was relocated, but the name remained unchanged. In the fifteenth year of the Guangxu reign, it was promoted to prefecture status. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, the Southwest Circuit Military and Civil Intendant was established, with its seat at the prefectural city. It measured three hundred twenty li from east to west and one hundred seventy li from north to south. Its latitude was 43°41′ north. It lay 8°33′ east of the capital. To the southwest: Mount Bailongju. The Russians quarry stone there for the Eastern Qing Railway. In the thirty-fourth year of the Guangxu reign, it was closed and placed under restriction following negotiations with Japan. Western geologists regard it as one of the world's oldest stone mountains, paired with the Aran Hills of England. To the west: Longquan, Daqing, and Duilong. To the south: the Yitong River enters from the Yitongzhou border gate, runs east of the city, then turns north; on the left it joins the Xinkai River, and northeast along the Nong'an boundary it passes Panjialing and enters Dehui. To the east: the Yima River follows the border from Shuangyang; its right bank and the Wuhai River flow north along with it. The Zhujiacheng registrar post was transferred from Nong'an in the sixteenth year of the Guangxu reign. There were four official and commercial roads: south through Yitong Gate to Yitong Prefecture; southeast via Shilibao to Shuangyang; west via Wanjia Bridge to Huaihe in Fengtian; north via Wanbaoshan town to Nong'an. The Jilin-Changchun Railway enters from Jilin via Dehui. Its four stations were Yinmahe, Kalun, Changchun, and Toudaogou. In the northwest of the prefecture it connects with the Eastern Qing Railway. After the Russo-Japanese War, the territory north of Changchun fell under Russia's Eastern Qing Railway, while that to the south belonged to Japan's South Manchuria Railway Company. The Russian station at Kuanchengzi was called Changchun Post. A treaty port opened under the Sino-Japanese agreement in the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign.

伊通州：衝，繁，難。省西偏南二百八十里。渤海長嶺府地。明初，塔山、雅哈河、伊敦、拉克山、發河等衛。後屬扈倫族之葉赫部。雍正六年，由吉林鑲黃、正黃二旗各撥一旗駐之。嘉慶十九年，置伊通河巡司。光緒八年為州，屬吉林。宣統元年直隸。二年降隸西南路道。北極高四十三度四十分。京師偏東八度五十分。西南：龍潭山。西：摩里、青、馬鞍。北：勒克。東：尖山。東南：大星嶺，其東板石屯，伊通河出西北，逕城東，右合伊巴丹河，出邊入長春。西：小伊通河，自奉天東平錯入，為新開河，入懷德。太平河從之。又西，東遼河自西豐入，右合大小雅哈河，入奉化。昭蘇太及條子河亦入焉。左納陽斯河，一曰赫爾蘇河。又西，清河入為葉赫河，入開原。其瞻河錯入從之。赫爾蘇，州同，光緒二十八年由磨盤山徙。舊設站五：東自雙陽蘇瓦延入境，六十里伊巴丹；又西百里阿勒坦額墨勒，即大孤山站；又西六十里赫爾蘇；又八十里葉赫；又五十里蒙古霍羅，即蓮花街站。官商路四：北達長春；東南營城子達磐石；西赫爾蘇站達奉天奉化；西南蓮花街達昌圖。

Yitong Prefecture: thoroughfare, crowded, difficult. Two hundred eighty li southwest of the provincial seat. Territory of the Bohai Changling prefecture. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, it comprised the Tashan, Yahhe, Yidun, Lakshan, Fahe, and other guards. Later it came under the Yehe division of the Hulun peoples. In the sixth year of the Yongzheng reign, one banner each from Jilin's Bordered Yellow and Plain Yellow Banners were assigned to garrison the area. In the nineteenth year of the Jiaqing reign, the Yitong River patrol office was established. In the eighth year of the Guangxu reign it was made a prefecture subordinate to Jilin. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was placed under direct provincial control. In the second year it was placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. Its latitude was 43°40′ north. It lay 8°50′ east of the capital. To the southwest: Mount Longtan. To the west: Moli, Qing, and Ma'an. To the north: Leke. To the east: Jianshan. To the southeast: Daxing Ridge; east of it lies Banshi Village; the Yitong River rises in the northwest, runs east of the city, joins the Yibadan River on the right, and leaves the border to enter Changchun. To the west: the Lesser Yitong River enters irregularly from Dongping in Fengtian, becomes the Xinkai River, and flows into Huaihe. The Taiping River follows the same course. Farther west, the East Liao River enters from Xifeng, joins the Greater and Lesser Yahhe rivers on the right, and flows into Fenghua. The Zhaosutai and Tiaozi rivers also flow into it. On the left it receives the Yangsi River, also known as the Hiersu River. Farther west, the Qing River enters as the Yehe River and flows into Kaiyuan. The Zhan River enters irregularly and follows the same course. The Hiersu vice magistrate post was transferred from Mopanshan in the twenty-eighth year of the Guangxu reign. Five relay stations were formerly established: east from Suwayan in Shuangyang entering the border, sixty li to Yibadan; a further hundred li west to Altan Emel, that is Dagushan Station; a further sixty li west to Hiersu; a further eighty li to Yehe; a further fifty li to Mongol Huoluo, that is Lianhuajie Station. There were four official and commercial roads: north to Changchun; southeast via Yingchengzi to Panshi; west via Hiersu Station to Fenghua in Fengtian; southwest via Lianhuajie to Changtu.

濛江州：省南四百六十里。明，鄂爾琿山所。後屬訥音部。光緒三十四年，析吉林極南地置。宣統元年，隸西南路道。北：那爾轟嶺。南：長半城山、五金頂子。東南：頭道江，自奉天撫松緣界，為湯河口，屈北，合花園河。其西裴德里山，頭道濛江出，州以此得名。右合二道、三道水，左珠子河來會。又東北合那爾轟河，其右岸會二道江，是為松花江，入樺甸。官商路四：北達樺甸官街至省；東北至夾皮溝；西達奉天輝南；東南湯河口入長白。

Mengjiang Prefecture: four hundred sixty li south of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the territory of Mount E'ergun. Later it came under the Ne'in tribe. In the thirty-fourth year of the Guangxu reign, it was established from territory carved out of the far south of Jilin. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, it was placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. To the north: Na'erhong Ridge. To the south: Changbancheng Mountain and Wujindingzi. To the southeast: the First Dao River follows the border from Fusong in Fengtian, becomes the Tanghe mouth, bends north, and joins the Huayuan River. West of it lies Mount Peideli, where the First Dao Meng River rises; the prefecture takes its name from this river. On the right it joins the Second and Third Dao streams; on the left the Zhuzi River comes to meet it. Farther northeast it joins the Na'erhong River; its right bank meets the Second Dao River — this is the Songhua River, which enters Huadian. There were four official and commercial roads: north via Huadian official street to the provincial seat; northeast to Jiapigou; west to Huinan in Fengtian; southeast via the Tanghe mouth into Changbai.

農安縣：疲，難。省西北三百六十里。古扶餘國都。明置三萬衛。清初，郭爾羅斯前旗地。光緒八年置照磨，十五年改，仍隸長春。宣統元年，隸西南路道。東：臥牛石山、紅石砑。西：太平嶺、伏山、大青。東：松花江，自德惠入。城南伊通河自長春緣界注之，西北入蒙古郭爾羅斯前旗。舊有蒙古站路，共十一站，三百九十里。

Nong'an County: worn, difficult. Three hundred sixty li northwest of the provincial seat. Capital of the ancient kingdom of Fuyu. The Ming dynasty established the Sanwan guard there. In the early Qing it was territory of the Gorlos Front Banner. A registrar post was established in the eighth year of the Guangxu reign; in the fifteenth year the county was created, remaining subordinate to Changchun. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, it was placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. To the east: Woniushi Mountain and Hongshiya. To the west: Taiping Ridge, Fushan, and Daqing. To the east: the Songhua River enters from Dehui. South of the city the Yitong River flows in from Changchun along the boundary; to the northwest it enters the Mongol Gorlos Front Banner. There was formerly a Mongol relay route of eleven stations spanning three hundred ninety li.

長嶺縣：省西北五百二十里。蒙古郭爾羅斯前旗地，曰長嶺子。光緒三十三年，析農安之農家、農齊、農國三區置，隸西南路道。南：硃克山、團山。境無河流。北有大漠如瀚海，俗呼北海。冬夏恆苦風沙，惟東、南二鄉繁盛。新安鎮，主簿。官商路四：東南至長春；西北至奉天開通；北歷郭爾羅斯前旗達安廣；南歷科爾沁達爾罕旗達遼源。

Changling County: five hundred twenty li northwest of the provincial seat. Territory of the Mongol Gorlos Front Banner, known as Changlingzi. In the thirty-third year of the Guangxu reign, it was established from the Nongjia, Nongqi, and Nongguo districts carved out of Nong'an, and placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. To the south: Zhukeshan and Tuanshan. There were no rivers within its territory. To the north lay a great desert like a boundless sea, popularly called the North Sea. Winter and summer alike it suffered constantly from wind and sand; only the eastern and southern townships were prosperous. Xin'an town had a registrar post. There were four official and commercial roads: southeast to Changchun; northwest to Kaitong in Fengtian; north through the Gorlos Front Banner to Anguang; south through the Khorchin Darhan Banner to Liaoyuan.

樺甸縣：省南偏東二百七十里。明，法河衛。末屬長白山之訥音部。清初禁地。光緒三十四年，置治樺皮甸子，徙樺樹林子。宣統元年，隸西南路道。西北：趙大吉山、慶嶺。西：杉松、天平。南：帽山、猴嶺。東南：金銀壁嶺。二道江自奉天安圖緣界，富爾河合古洞、黃泥、蒲岑諸水注之，為上兩江口。又西仍緣安圖及撫松界，至下兩江口。左岸合頭道江，是為松花江。合境內柳河五。又葦沙色勒河，復緣濛江界入，右合穆奇河，逕城西，左會輝發河，為大渡口。又北右合漂河，逕樺皮甸子入額穆。側有常山屯，扼琿春、敦化西至奉天孔道。官商路五：西至官街，折北入吉林；北出大鷹溝，並達省；西南至濛江；東至敦化；東南延吉洞河入延吉。

Huadian County: two hundred seventy li south by east of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Fahe guard. At the end of the dynasty it belonged to the Ne'in tribe of Changbai Mountain. In the early Qing it was forbidden territory. In the thirty-fourth year of the Guangxu reign, the seat was established at Huapidianzi and later moved to Huashulinzi. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, it was placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. To the northwest: Zhaodaji Mountain and Qing Ridge. To the west: Shansong and Tianping. To the south: Maoshan and Hou Ridge. To the southeast: Jinyinbi Ridge. The Second Dao River follows the border from Antu in Fengtian; the Fuer River joins the Gudong, Huangni, Pucen, and other streams to flow into it, forming the Upper Liangjiang mouth. Farther west it continues along the Antu and Fusong borders to the Lower Liangjiang mouth. On the left bank it joins the First Dao River — this is the Songhua River. Five Liu rivers within the territory flow into it. The Weishasele River also enters along the Mengjiang border; on the right it joins the Muqi River, passes west of the city, and on the left meets the Huifa River at the Great Ford. Farther north it joins the Piao River on the right, passes Huapidianzi, and enters Emu. Nearby stands Changshan garrison, guarding the main route from Hunchun and Dunhua west to Fengtian. There were five official and commercial roads: west to official street, then north into Jilin; north via Dayinggou, both reaching the provincial seat; southwest to Mengjiang; east to Dunhua; southeast via Yanji Donghe into Yanji.

磐石縣：省南偏西三百里。明，扈倫族輝發部。清初，北境屬吉林，南奉天圍場。光緒八年，置磨盤山巡司，隸伊通。十三年改州同。二十八年為縣，隸吉林。宣統元年，隸西南路道。磨盤山，東北二里。北：雞冠。東北：老茅。西：大紅石磖、庫勒嶺。東南：輝發江自奉天海龍亮子河入，東北，左合石頭、富大都嶺，右蝦蟆、獨木河，逕黑石鎮，左合硃其、呼蘭，右大小色力河。五道至頭道荒溝，入樺甸。東北：呼蘭嶺，驛馬河出西北，左合黃河，入吉林，岔路河從之。官商路三：北小城子達省城；西由朝陽山達伊通；東南黑石鎮西達海龍；南濛江。

Panshi County: three hundred li south by west of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Huifa division of the Hulun peoples. In the early Qing the northern territory belonged to Jilin, while the south was part of the Fengtian imperial hunting preserve. In the eighth year of the Guangxu reign, the Mopanshan patrol office was established, subordinate to Yitong. In the thirteenth year it was changed to a vice magistrate post of the prefecture. In the twenty-eighth year it was made a county subordinate to Jilin. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, it was placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. Mopanshan lay two li to the northeast. To the north: Jiguan. To the northeast: Laomao. To the west: Dahongshiya and Kule Ridge. To the southeast: the Huifa River enters from Hailong Liangzihe in Fengtian and flows northeast; on the left it joins the Shitou and Fudadu streams; on the right the Hamo and Dumu rivers; it passes Heishi town, joins the Zhuqi and Hulan rivers on the left, and the Greater and Lesser Seli rivers on the right. After five courses it reaches the First Dao Huangou and enters Huadian. To the northeast: Hulan Ridge; the Yima River rises in the northwest, joins the Huang River on the left, and enters Jilin; the Chalu River follows the same course. There were three official and commercial roads: north via Xiaochengzi to the provincial seat; west via Chaoyang Mountain to Yitong; southeast via Heishi town west to Hailong; south to Mengjiang.

舒蘭縣：省北偏東百六十里。明，阿林衛地。康熙二十年，置巴彥鄂佛羅防禦旗員，屬烏拉總管。宣統元年，置於舒蘭站。二年，徙治朝陽川南，隸西南路道。南：北慶嶺。東南：玲璫嶺。西：松花江自吉林緣界西北入德惠。卡岔河北入榆樹達之。東：蘭陵河，自額穆緣界入五常。東南：馬鞍山，溪浪河出東北，逕鞦韆嶺，合呼蘭河從之。有巴彥鄂佛羅邊門，即法特哈，康熙中更名。舊設站二：舒蘭、法特哈。南接吉林金珠鄂佛羅，北達榆樹盟溫。官商路三：西南達烏拉街；東北水曲達五常；東南小城子鎮達額穆。

Shulan County: one hundred sixty li north by east of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was territory of the Alin guard. In the twentieth year of the Kangxi reign, a Bayan E'foluo defense banner officer was established, subordinate to the Wula superintendent. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, the county was established at Shulan Station. In the second year the seat was moved south of Chaoyangchuan, and it was placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. To the south: Beiqing Ridge. To the southeast: Lingdang Ridge. To the west: the Songhua River follows the border from Jilin northwest into Dehui. The Kacha River enters from the north via Yushu. To the east: the Lanling River follows the border from Emu into Wuchang. To the southeast: Ma'an Mountain; the Xilang River rises in the northeast, passes Qiuchian Ridge, and joins the Hulan River along the same course. There was the Bayan E'foluo border gate, also called Fateha, renamed during the Kangxi reign. Two relay stations were formerly established: Shulan and Fateha. It connected south to Jilin's Jinzhu E'foluo and north to Yushu Mengwen. There were three official and commercial roads: southwest to Wulajie; northeast via Shuiqu to Wuchang; southeast via Xiaochengzi town to Emu.

德惠縣：省北偏西百四十里。蒙古郭爾羅斯前旗地。舊屬長春。宣統二年，析長春沐德、懷惠二鄉置，治大房身，隸西南路道。南：狼洞嶺。西：團山、雙山。西南：土牛。東南：松花江自吉林緣界合木石河，入新城。西北伊通河，自長春緣界，納驛馬及霧海河從之。官商路三：南五臺達省；東岔路口達榆樹；西雙山崖鎮達農安。吉長，東清鐵路。

Dehui County: one hundred forty li north by west of the provincial seat. Territory of the Mongol Gorlos Front Banner. It was formerly subordinate to Changchun. In the second year of the Xuantong reign, it was established from the Mude and Huaihui townships carved out of Changchun, with its seat at Dafangshen, and placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. To the south: Langdong Ridge. To the west: Tuanshan and Shuangshan. To the southwest: Tuniu. To the southeast: the Songhua River follows the border from Jilin, joins the Mushi River, and enters Xincheng. To the northwest the Yitong River follows the border from Changchun, receiving the Yima and Wuhai rivers along its course. There were three official and commercial roads: south via Wutai to the provincial seat; east via Chalukou to Yushu; west via Shuangshanya town to Nong'an. The Jilin-Changchun and Eastern Qing railways passed through.

雙陽縣：省西百九十五里。明，依爾們、蘇完河二衛。宣統二年，析吉林西界、長春東界、伊通北界置，治蘇斡延，隸西南路道。西南：黑頂子。南：土頂子、將軍嶺，光僻山，雙陽河出焉。東南驛馬河、自磐石緣界，合杜帶、雙陽、放牛、溝河入長春，西北霧海河從之。舊設站一；蘇斡延。官商路三：南皇營；東南五家子鎮，並達磐石；北奢嶺口達長春。

Shuangyang County: one hundred ninety-five li west of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it comprised the Yier'men and Suwanhe guards. In the second year of the Xuantong reign, it was established from territory carved out of Jilin's western border, Changchun's eastern border, and Yitong's northern border, with its seat at Suwanyan, and placed under the Southwest Circuit intendant. To the southwest: Heidingzi. To the south: Tudingzi, Jiangjun Ridge, and Guangpi Mountain, where the Shuangyang River rises. To the southeast the Yima River follows the border from Panshi, joins the Dudai, Shuangyang, Fangniu, and Gou rivers, and flows into Changchun; to the northwest the Wuhai River follows the same course. One relay station was formerly established: Suwanyan. There were three official and commercial roads: south to Huangying; southeast via Wujiazi town, both reaching Panshi; north via Shelingkou to Changchun.

新城府：繁，疲，難。省西北省六百里。即伯都訥副都統城。古扶餘國地。明，三岔河衛。後屬烏拉部。嘉慶十五年，置伯都訥廳。光緒三十二年，改隸西北路道。廣四百二十里，袤一百七十里。北極高四十五度十五分。京師偏東八度三十七分。南：大青山、鷹山。東南：松花江自德惠緣界農安，又西，左岸逕城南，又西北，左岸蒙古郭爾羅斯前旗界，至三岔口會嫩江。折東，緣黑龍江界，右會拉林河。自榆樹緣界，復緣雙城，合灰塘、薛家窩鋪河，入雙城府境。松花環其南、北、西三面，拉林流其東，川原廣衍，水陸輻輳，富庶甲全省。舊設站五：自榆樹盟溫西北五十里入陶賴昭，又西五十里遜札保，又四十里伯都，又五十里社哩，又北八十里伯都訥，至松花渡口出境。官商路四：東北長春嶺達雙城；東南集廠達榆樹；西渡江歷郭爾羅斯前旗達奉天洮南；一由社哩渡江至郭爾羅斯鎮國公府。有輪船埠。東清鐵路站三：蔡家溝、石頭城、陶賴昭。有通松花鐵橋。

Xincheng Prefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. Six hundred li northwest of the provincial seat. It was the city of the Berdune deputy commander. Territory of the ancient kingdom of Fuyu. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Sanchahe guard. Later it came under the Wula tribe. In the fifteenth year of the Jiaqing reign, Berdune Subprefecture was established. In the thirty-second year of the Guangxu reign, it was placed under the Northwest Circuit intendant. It measured four hundred twenty li from east to west and one hundred seventy li from north to south. Its latitude was 45°15′ north. It lay 8°37′ east of the capital. To the south: Daqing Mountain and Yingshan. To the southeast: the Songhua River follows the border from Dehui through Nong'an, then turns west with its left bank passing south of the city; farther northwest along the Mongol Gorlos Front Banner border it reaches Sanchakou, where it meets the Nen River. It turns east along the Heilongjiang border and joins the Lalin River on the right. From Yushu it follows the border, then along Shuangcheng, joins the Huitang and Xuejiawopu rivers, and enters Shuangcheng Prefecture. The Songhua encircled it on the south, north, and west, while the Lalin flowed along the east; its broad rivers and plains drew traffic by water and land, making it the wealthiest place in the province. Five relay stations were formerly established: from Yushu Mengwen, fifty li northwest to Taolaizhao; a further fifty li west to Xunzhabao; forty li to Bodu; fifty li to Sheli; and eighty li north to Berdune, reaching the Songhua ferry where the route left the territory. There were four official and commercial roads: northeast via Changchun Ridge to Shuangcheng; southeast via Jichang to Yushu; west crossing the river through the Gorlos Front Banner to Taonan in Fengtian; one route from Sheli crossing the river to the Gorlos Banner prince's residence. It had a steamer wharf. The Eastern Qing Railway had three stations: Caijiagou, Shitoucheng, and Taolaizhao. It had an iron bridge across the Songhua.

雙城府：衝，繁，難。省北五百里。明，拉林河衛。有古城二，舊曰雙城子。嘉慶十九年，置委協領，隸阿勒楚喀副都統。光緒八年，置雙城廳。宣統元年，改隸西北路道。廣二百四十里，袤一百四十里。北極高四十五度四十分。京師偏東九度二十分。東南：砍戶德山。西北：松花江自新城會拉林河，東南自五常入，緣榆樹、新城界，合朝陽葦塘河，入濱江。東：阿什河自賓州緣界，合混元河，逕小青頂子，合大紅黃泥河，屈北緣阿城界入之。拉林城巡司。舊設站二：多歡、雙城。官商路三：東東官所達阿城；東南至拉林；西西官所達新城。東清鐵路二：西路站二，雙城堡、五家子；東路站一，帽兒山。

Shuangcheng Prefecture: thoroughfare, crowded, difficult. Five hundred li north of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Lalinhe guard. It had two ancient cities and was formerly called Shuangchengzi. In the nineteenth year of the Jiaqing reign, an acting assistant commandant was established, subordinate to the Altchuk deputy commander. In the eighth year of the Guangxu reign, Shuangcheng Subprefecture was established. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, it was placed under the Northwest Circuit intendant. It measured two hundred forty li from east to west and one hundred forty li from north to south. Its latitude was 45°40′ north. It lay 9°20′ east of the capital. To the southeast: Kanhude Mountain. To the northwest: the Songhua River from Xincheng joins the Lalin River; from the southeast it enters from Wuchang, follows the Yushu and Xincheng borders, joins the Chaoyang Weitang River, and enters Binjiang. To the east: the Ash River follows the border from Binzhou, joins the Hunyuan River, passes Xiaoqingdingzi, joins the Dahong Huangni River, bends north along the Acheng border, and flows in. There was a Lalin City patrol office. Two relay stations were formerly established: Duohuan and Shuangcheng. There were three official and commercial roads: east via Dongguansuo to Acheng; southeast to Lalin; west via Xiguansuo to Xincheng. The Eastern Qing Railway had two lines: the west line with two stations, Shuangchengbao and Wujiazi; the east line with one station, Mao'ershan.

賓州府：衝，繁，難。省北偏東六百十里。古挹婁國地。明，費克圖河衛。光緒六年，建城葦子溝，置賓州廳。二十八年直隸。宣統元年陞府，隸西北路道。廣四百三十里，袤二百六十里。北極高四十五度五十一分。京師偏東十一度五分。東：海里渾山、太平、大青。南：黃頭、混元。西北：團山。松花江自阿城入，合裴克圖河，出南釣水湖嶺，緣阿城界。又東合烏爾海里琿夾板。有新甸鎮，江運巨埠。陶淇、擺渡諸河，入方正。東南：墨爾根阿什河出，西緣雙城界合混元河入之。舊設站三：裴克圖、葦子溝、色勒佛特庫，東入松花北岸之佛斯亨。官商路三：東廟嶺達長壽；西北滿井達阿城；南古道嶺達五常。東清鐵路，府南。站：小嶺。

Binzhou Prefecture: thoroughfare, crowded, difficult. Six hundred ten li north by east of the provincial seat. Territory of the ancient kingdom of Yilou. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Feiketuhe guard. In the sixth year of the Guangxu reign, a city was built at Weizigou and Binzhou Subprefecture was established. In the twenty-eighth year it was placed under direct provincial control. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was promoted to prefecture status and placed under the Northwest Circuit intendant. It measured four hundred thirty li from east to west and two hundred sixty li from north to south. Its latitude was 45°51′ north. It lay 11°05′ east of the capital. To the east: Hailihun Mountain, Taiping, and Daqing. To the south: Huangtou and Hunyuan. To the northwest: Tuanshan. The Songhua River enters from Acheng, joins the Peiketu River, passes Nan Diaoshuihu Ridge, and follows the Acheng border. Farther east it joins the Wuerhailihun Jiaban stream. Xindian town was a major river transport port. The Taoqi, Baidu, and other rivers flowed into Fangzheng. To the southeast: the Mo'ergen Ash River rises and flows west along the Shuangcheng border, joins the Hunyuan River, and flows in. Three relay stations were formerly established: Peiketu, Weizigou, and Selefoetku, continuing east to Fosiheng on the north bank of the Songhua. There were three official and commercial roads: east via Miaoling to Changshou; northwest via Manjing to Acheng; south via Gudaoling to Wuchang. The Eastern Qing Railway ran south of the prefectural city. Its station was Xiaoling.

五常府：繁，疲，難。省北偏東三百八十里。渤海上京屬境。明屬摩琳衛。同治八年，置五常堡協領。光緒六年，建城歡喜嶺。八年改五常廳。宣統元年陞府，隸西北路道。廣二百一十二里，袤二百三十五里。北極高四十五度。京師偏東十度二十七分。東：螞蜒窩集。東北：索多和。東南：九十五頂子。蘭林河自額穆緣界，又西北緣舒蘭界，合響水、寒蔥河入。右合渾水、黃泥，左納石頭、溪浪河，逕城西，復緣榆樹界。東南摩琳莫勒恩河出，右合沖河、香水、大小泥，左小黑、取才、條子、藤子河，逕五常堡來會，為拉林河。又西北入雙城。山河屯經歷，南六十里。藍采橋巡司。舊設站一：五常。官商路五：北達賓州；南達舒蘭；東南向陽山街達額穆；東北太平山達長壽；東南沖河鎮達寧安。

Wuchang Prefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. Three hundred eighty li north by east of the provincial seat. Territory belonging to the Bohai Upper Capital. Under the Ming dynasty it belonged to the Molin guard. In the eighth year of the Tongzhi reign, the Wuchang Fort assistant commandant was established. In the sixth year of the Guangxu reign, a city was built at Huanxiling. In the eighth year it was changed to Wuchang Subprefecture. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was promoted to prefecture status and placed under the Northwest Circuit intendant. It measured two hundred twelve li from east to west and two hundred thirty-five li from north to south. Its latitude was 45° north. It lay 10°27′ east of the capital. To the east: Mayanwo market. To the northeast: Suoduohe. To the southeast: Jiushiwudingzi. The Lanlin River follows the border from Emu, then northwest along the Shulan border, joins the Xiangshui and Hancong rivers, and flows in. On the right it joins the Hunshui and Huangni rivers; on the left it receives the Shitou and Xilang rivers; it passes west of the city and again follows the Yushu border. To the southeast the Molin Mo'leen River rises; on the right it joins the Chonghe, Xiangshui, and Greater and Lesser Ni rivers; on the left the Xiaohei, Qucai, Tiaozi, and Tengzi rivers; it passes Wuchang Fort to meet the others and becomes the Lalin River. Farther northwest it enters Shuangcheng. The Shanhetun assistant magistrate post lay sixty li to the south. There was a Lancai Bridge patrol office. One relay station was formerly established: Wuchang. There were five official and commercial roads: north to Binzhou; south to Shulan; southeast via Xiangyangshan Street to Emu; northeast via Taiping Mountain to Changshou; southeast via Chonghe town to Ning'an.

榆樹直隸廳：繁，疲，難。省北二百八十里。舊孤榆樹屯，屬伯都訥部。光緒八年，伯都訥同知徙駐。三十二年，置榆樹縣。宣統元年升。二年，隸西北路道。東：龍首山。西南：松花江自舒蘭入，西北緣德惠界，逕五棵樹鎮，入新城。有渚曰巴彥通。東北：蘭棱河，自五常緣界，迤西北緣雙城界，為拉林河。至牛頭山鎮，南卡岔河自舒蘭入，右合二、三、四道河注之。舊設站三。登伊勒哲庫即秀水甸子，西接蒙古喀倫，西北接拉林多歡，東達五常盟溫，南接舒蘭之法特哈，西北接新城之陶賴昭。

Yushu Direct Subprefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. Two hundred eighty li north of the provincial seat. It was formerly Guyushu garrison, belonging to the Berdune division. In the eighth year of the Guangxu reign the Berdune subprefect moved his seat there. In the thirty-second year Yushu County was established. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was promoted to direct subprefecture status. In the second year it was placed under the Northwest Circuit intendant. To the east: Longshou Mountain. To the southwest: the Songhua River enters from Shulan, follows the Dehui border northwest, passes Wukeshu town, and enters Xincheng. There was a shoal called Bayantong. To the northeast: the Lanling River follows the border from Wuchang, winds northwest along the Shuangcheng border, and becomes the Lalin River. At Niutoushan town the Kacha River enters from the south via Shulan; on the right it joins the Second, Third, and Fourth Dao rivers to flow into it. Three relay stations were formerly established. Dengyilezheku, also called Xiushuidianzi, connected west to the Mongol Kalan, northwest to Lalin Duohuan, east to Wuchang Mengwen, south to Shulan's Fateha, and northwest to Xincheng's Taolaizhao.

濱江廳：省北五百五十里。即哈爾濱，本松花江右灘地。光緒三十二年，置治傅家甸，為江防同知，駐濱江關道，分隸黑龍江省。宣統元年，劃雙城東北境益之，江防改撫民，專屬吉林，分巡西北路道駐廳。東：秦家岡。北：松花江自雙城合葦塘溝河緣界入。左岸黑龍江哈爾濱。總車站，城西。自此西南雙城、新城、德惠，達長春。東南阿城、賓州、雙城、長壽、寧安、穆棱，達東寧之交界驛。商埠，光緒三十一年中日約開。海關。兩江郵船總局。

Binjiang Subprefecture: five hundred fifty li north of the provincial seat. This was Harbin, originally shoal land on the right bank of the Songhua River. In the thirty-second year of the Guangxu reign the seat was established at Fujiatun as a river defense subprefect, with the Binjiang customs intendant stationed there and partial subordination to Heilongjiang Province. In the first year of the Xuantong reign, territory was added from the northeast of Shuangcheng; the river defense post was changed to civilian administration, it came exclusively under Jilin, and the Northwest Circuit intendant was stationed at the subprefecture. To the east: Qinjiagang. To the north: the Songhua River from Shuangcheng joins the Weitanggou River along the border and flows in. On the left bank lay Heilongjiang's Harbin. The main railway station lay west of the city. From here the line ran southwest through Shuangcheng, Xincheng, and Dehui to Changchun. Southeast it ran through Acheng, Binzhou, Shuangcheng, Changshou, Ning'an, and Muling to the border relay at Dongning. A treaty port opened under the Sino-Japanese agreement in the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign. It had a customs house. It had the headquarters of the Two Rivers postal steamer service.

長壽縣：疲，難。省東北八百六十里。明，螞蜒河衛。光緒八年，置燒鍋甸子巡司，屬賓州廳。二十八年改置，隸賓州直隸廳。宣統二年，隸西北路道。南：花曲柳山。東：西老嶺。東南：螞蜒窩集嶺，螞蜒河出，屈西，左合小石頭、七道、葦沙、西烏吉密，右養魚池、蒿麥、棱河。折東北，左合西亮珠，右黃玉、長壽。逕城東，又東北逕夾信鎮，右合東亮珠、大石頭、大黃泥河，入方正。一面坡，巡司。官商路三：西黑龍宮達賓州；南一面坡達五常；東黃泥鎮達方正。東清鐵路站五：烏吉密、一面坡、葦沙河、石頭河、交嶺子。

Changshou County: worn, difficult. Eight hundred sixty li northeast of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Mayanhe guard. In the eighth year of the Guangxu reign, the Shaoguodianzi patrol office was established, subordinate to Binzhou Subprefecture. In the twenty-eighth year it was reestablished as a county subordinate to Binzhou Direct Subprefecture. In the second year of the Xuantong reign, it was placed under the Northwest Circuit intendant. To the south: Huaquliu Mountain. To the east: Xilaoling Ridge. To the southeast: Mayanwoji Ridge, where the Mayan River rises and bends west; on the left it joins the Xiaoshitou, Qidao, Weisha, and Xi Wujimi streams; on the right the Yangyuchi, Haomai, and Leng rivers. It turns northeast, joins Xi Liangzhu on the left, and the Huangyu and Changshou rivers on the right. It passes east of the city, then northeast through Jiexin town; on the right it joins the Dong Liangzhu, Dashitou, and Dahong Huangni rivers and enters Fangzheng. There was a patrol office at Yimianpo. There were three official and commercial roads: west via Heilonggong to Binzhou; south via Yimianpo to Wuchang; east via Huangni town to Fangzheng. The Eastern Qing Railway had five stations: Wujimi, Yimianpo, Weishahe, Shitouhe, and Jiaolingzi.

阿城縣：省北四百八十里。即阿勒楚喀副都統城。渤海海古勒地。明，岳希、河突二衛。宣統元年，裁改阿勒楚喀副都統置，隸西北路道。東南：牛角、廢兒諸嶺。北：松花江自濱江入，納阿什，合裴克圖河自賓州。舊設站一：薩庫哩。東清鐵路站二：阿什河、三層甸子。

Acheng County: four hundred eighty li north of the provincial seat. It was the city of the Altchuk deputy commander. Territory of Bohai Haigule. Under the Ming dynasty, it comprised the Yuexi and Hetu guards. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was established by abolishing the Altchuk deputy commander's post and placed under the Northwest Circuit intendant. To the southeast: Niujiao, Fei'er, and other ridges. To the north: the Songhua River enters from Binjiang, receives the Ash River, and joins the Peiketu River from Binzhou. One relay station was formerly established: Sakuli. The Eastern Qing Railway had two stations: Ash River and Sancengdianzi.

延吉府：繁，疲，難。省東南七百六十里。東南路道駐。明，錫璘、布爾哈通、愛丹三衛。清初，為南荒圍場。光緒七年，弛墾。二十八年，置延吉廳。宣統元年升。西：哈爾巴嶺，布爾哈通河出其東，東南匯太平、倒木、岔條、簸箕、葦子諸溝，細鱗河，逕銅佛寺，至朝陽川，左合朝陽延吉河，至城南，右納海蘭河，又東北，左合一兩溝，抵汪清界。頭道嘎雅會二道嘎雅河錯出，仍緣界來會，折東南入圖們江。舊設站三：老松嶺、薩奇庫、瑚珠。官商路四：西南東古城達樺甸；西銅佛寺達敦化；南六道溝達和龍；東北小盤嶺達琿春。商埠，頭道溝、龍井村、局子街，三。宣統元年中日間島約開。

Yanji Prefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. Seven hundred sixty li southeast of the provincial seat. The Southeast Circuit intendant was stationed there. Under the Ming dynasty, it comprised the Xilin, Bu'erhatong, and Aidan guards. In the early Qing it was the southern wilderness hunting preserve. In the seventh year of the Guangxu reign, reclamation restrictions were lifted. In the twenty-eighth year Yanji Subprefecture was established. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was promoted to prefecture status. To the west: Ha'erba Ridge; the Bu'erhatong River rises east of it and southeast gathers the Taiping, Daomu, Chatiao, Boji, and Weizi gullies and the Xilin River; it passes Tongfosi to Chaoyangchuan, joins the Chaoyang Yanji River on the left, reaches south of the city, receives the Hailan River on the right, then northeast joins Yiliang Gou and reaches the Wangqing border. The First Dao Gaya meets the Second Dao Gaya River where it emerges irregularly; it still follows the border to join, then turns southeast and enters the Tumen River. Three relay stations were formerly established: Laosongling, Saqiku, and Huzhu. There were four official and commercial roads: southwest via Donggucheng to Huadian; west via Tongfosi to Dunhua; south via Liudaogou to Helong; northeast via Xiaopanling to Hunchun. There were three treaty ports: Toudaogou, Longjing Village, and Juzijie. They were opened under the Sino-Japanese Jiandao agreement in the first year of the Xuantong reign.

寧安府：省東八百里。即寧古塔副都統城。其舊城，西北五十里舊街鎮。康熙五年徙之。古肅慎國都。明，奴兒干都指揮使司。光緒二十八年置綏芬廳，駐三岔口，尋徙寧古塔城。宣統元年升，二年更名，隸東南路道。廣八百餘里，袤六百里。北極高四十四度四十六分。京師偏東十三度三十五分。西：茨老茅山。東北：卡倫。西北：瑪展窩集。南：老松、瑪爾瑚哩窩集諸嶺。西南：牡丹河自額穆入，匯為鏡泊。右受大小夾溪、松陰河，左布尼、畢拉罕河。復北出，左合沙蘭，右馬連河，逕東京城，至府治東。右合蛤螞，左海浪河，逕乜河鎮。右合乜，左頭、二、三道河，入方正分界磖子。舊設站九：西必爾罕、沙蘭、寧古臺，北鰟頭岔、沙河子、細鱗、三道河，分自吉林三姓達寧古塔，南新官地、瑪爾瑚哩，則自塔達琿春。東清鐵路，橫道河、山岩、海林、牡丹江站四。商埠，光緒三十一年中日約開。

Ning'an Prefecture: eight hundred li east of the provincial seat. It was the city of the Ningguta deputy commander. Its old city stood fifty li northwest at Jiujie town. In the fifth year of the Kangxi reign the seat was moved there. Capital of the ancient Sushen kingdom. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the seat of the Nue'ergan Military Commission. In the twenty-eighth year of the Guangxu reign Suifen Subprefecture was established at Sanchakou and soon moved to Ningguta city. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was promoted to prefecture status; in the second year it was renamed and placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. It measured over eight hundred li from east to west and six hundred li from north to south. Its latitude was 44°46′ north. It lay 13°35′ east of the capital. To the west: Cilaomao Mountain. To the northeast: Kalun. To the northwest: Mazhanwoji. To the south: Laosong, Ma'erhuliwoji, and other ridges. To the southwest: the Mudan River enters from Emu and gathers into Jingbo Lake. On the right it receives the Greater and Lesser Jiaxi and Songyin rivers; on the left the Buni and Bilahan rivers. It emerges north again, joins Shalan on the left and the Malian River on the right, passes Dongjing city, and reaches east of the prefectural seat. On the right it joins the Hama River; on the left the Hailang River; it passes Niehe town. On the right it joins the Nie River; on the left the First, Second, and Third Dao rivers; it enters the Fangzheng boundary at Yazi. Nine relay stations were formerly established: west at Bi'erhan, Shalan, and Ninggutai; north at Piantoucha, Shahezi, Xilin, and Sandaohe, running separately from Jilin's Sanxing to Ningguta; south at Xinguandi and Ma'erhuli, running from the tower to Hunchun. The Eastern Qing Railway had four stations: Hengdaohe, Shanyan, Hailin, and Mudanjiang. A treaty port opened under the Sino-Japanese agreement in the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign.

東寧廳：省東千四百里。明，綏芬河地，置率賓江衛。光緒二十八年，置綏芬撫民同知。宣統元年，改通判，更名。隸東南路道。北：黃窩集山。南：通肯。西北：萬鹿溝。西：穆棱窩集、老松諸嶺。西南：大綏芬河自汪清入，左合蛤螞、黃泥、寒蔥河，右葦子諸溝。又東北，左合小綏芬河，逕城北，南大瑚布圖河，北緣俄東海濱省界，合小瑚布圖河來會入之。官商路四：西北萬鹿溝達東清鐵路；西屯田營達寧安；西南達汪清；南沿瑚布圖河達於琿春。東清鐵路，六、小、五站三。界碑「倭」、「那」字二。綏芬河稅關。

Dongning Subprefecture: one thousand four hundred li east of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty it was Suifen River territory, where the Shuaibinjiang guard was established. In the twenty-eighth year of the Guangxu reign the Suifen civilian administration subprefect was established. In the first year of the Xuantong reign the post was changed to a prefectural judge and the name was changed. It was placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. To the north: Huangwoji Mountain. To the south: Tongken. To the northwest: Wanlugou. To the west: Mulingwoji, Laosong, and other ridges. To the southwest: the Greater Suifen River enters from Wangqing; on the left it joins the Hama, Huangni, and Hancong rivers; on the right the Weizi gullies. Farther northeast it joins the Lesser Suifen River on the left, passes north of the city; to the south is the Greater Hunchun River; to the north it follows the Russian Maritime Province border, where the Lesser Hunchun River comes to meet and flow in. There were four official and commercial roads: northwest via Wanlugou to the Eastern Qing Railway; west via Tuntianying to Ning'an; southwest to Wangqing; south along the Hunchun River to Hunchun. The Eastern Qing Railway had three stations: Liu, Xiao, and Wu. There were two boundary markers bearing the characters "Wo" and "Na". There was a Suifen River customs post.

琿春廳：省東南千二百里。明，琿春衛。後屬瓦爾喀部。清初，南荒圍場。光緒七年，始弛禁設墾局。宣統元年，改副都統，置同知廳，隸東南路道。廣二百五十里，袤三百餘里。北極高四十三度，京師偏東十四度三十分。東：分水嶺長嶺子。西北：圖們江自汪清、朝鮮緣界，合乾密江，至紅旗河口，即琿春河。出東北土門嶺，屈南，逕太平川，左合官道，右六道、五道諸溝。又西，左合夾心子、胡盧別、瓦岡寨、大小紅旗河，右四、三、頭、二道、車擔溝。逕城南，右合二道、罕通河來會。又南，逕黑頂子，合圈河，出境入海。舊設站二：北密江，中阻大盤嶺，恆假道朝鮮鍾城達慶源；東路三道溝、哈達門、二道河並達俄。界碑：南「土」，東「薩」、「啦」、「帕」字，凡四。商埠，光緒三十二年中日約開。

Hunchun Subprefecture: one thousand two hundred li southeast of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Hunchun guard. Later it came under the Warka tribe. In the early Qing it was the southern wilderness hunting preserve. In the seventh year of the Guangxu reign the prohibition was first lifted and a reclamation bureau was established. In the first year of the Xuantong reign the deputy commander's post was abolished, a subprefect subprefecture was established, and it was placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. It measured two hundred fifty li from east to west and over three hundred li from north to south. Its latitude was 43° north and it lay 14°30′ east of the capital. To the east: Changlingzi on the watershed. To the northwest: the Tumen River follows the border from Wangqing and Korea, joins the Ganmi River, and reaches Hongqihekou — this is the Hunchun River. It emerges from Tumenling Ridge in the northeast, bends south, passes Taipingchuan, joins Guandao on the left, and the Liudao and Wudao gullies on the right. Farther west it joins Jiaxinzi, Hulubie, Wagangzhai, and the Greater and Lesser Hongqi rivers on the left; on the right the Fourth, Third, First, and Second Dao streams and Chedan Gou. It passes south of the city, where the Second Dao and Hantong rivers join on the right. Farther south it passes Heidingzi, joins the Quan River, leaves the territory, and enters the sea. Two relay stations were formerly established: north at Mijiang; the middle route was blocked by Dapanling Ridge and travelers always borrowed the route through Korean Jongseong to reach Qingyuan; the eastern route via Sandao Gou, Hadamen, and Erdaohe all reached Russia. Boundary markers: south bore "Tu"; east bore "Sa", "La", and "Pa" — four in all. A treaty port opened under the Sino-Japanese agreement in the thirty-second year of the Guangxu reign.

敦化縣：疲，難。省東南四百七十里。古挹婁國。明，建州左衛。後屬窩集部之赫席赫路。清始祖居鄂多哩城，即此。初為額穆赫索羅堧地。光緒八年建新城置，隸吉林。宣統元年，改隸東南路道。西南：牡丹嶺。牡丹江出東北，左會小牡丹江，右合四、三、二、大荒溝。又東北，左合黃泥、大石頭河，逕城東。又北，左合小石頭、雷風氣河，入額穆。東大沙、西北河並從之。舊設站二：自額穆通溝西南八十里至城；又東八十里滴媟嘴達寧古塔。官商路三：西半截河出新開道達樺甸；西南逾牡丹嶺達濛江；東黃土腰子達延吉。

Dunhua County: worn, difficult. Four hundred seventy li southeast of the provincial seat. Territory of the ancient kingdom of Yilou. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Jianzhou Left guard. Later it came under the Hexihe route of the Woji tribe. The Qing founding ancestor resided at Edoli city — this was the place. It was originally the shoal land of Emuhesuoluo. In the eighth year of the Guangxu reign a new city was built and the county was established, subordinate to Jilin. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. To the southwest: Mudan Ridge. The Mudan River rises in the northeast; on the left it meets the Lesser Mudan River; on the right it joins the Fourth, Third, Second, and Dahuan Gou streams. Farther northeast it joins the Huangni and Dashitou rivers on the left and passes east of the city. Farther north it joins the Xiaoshitou and Leifengqi rivers on the left and enters Emu. The Dashan and Xibehe rivers to the east both follow the same course. Two relay stations were formerly established: from Emu Tonggou, eighty li southwest to the city; a further eighty li east to Dinianzui and on to Ningguta. There were three official and commercial roads: west via Banjiehe and the Xinkaodao route to Huadian; southwest over Mudan Ridge to Mengjiang; east via Huangtuyaozi to Yanji.

穆棱縣：省東偏北千里。明，木倫河衛。清初穆棱路。光緒二十八年，置穆棱河分防知事，屬綏芬廳。宣統元年，改隸東南路道。穆棱窩集，鎮南。穆棱河出嶺北，屈折東北，左合泉水、大小石頭，偽臉河，右廟溝，逕城南。又東北，左合柳毛河、坎椽子、扣河溝，右太平、朝陽川。馬橋河出四頂子山，合狐狸密河。又北，左合膻羊磖子河、雷風氣、百草溝。右上亮子河，出鐵鍬背，逕下管入密山。官商路三：西泰東站入寧安；東北下城子逾青溝嶺達密山；一東渡細鱗逾鐵路至東寧。東清鐵路，磨刀石、臺馬溝、美嶺、馬橋河、太平嶺站五。

Muling County: one thousand li north by east of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Mulunhe guard. In the early Qing it was the Muling route. In the twenty-eighth year of the Guangxu reign the Muling River defense magistrate was established, subordinate to Suifen Subprefecture. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. Mulingwoji lay south of the town. The Muling River rises north of the ridge and bends northeast; on the left it joins the Quanshui, Greater and Lesser Shitou, and Weilian rivers; on the right Miaogou; it passes south of the city. Farther northeast it joins the Liumao, Kan Chuanzi, and Kouhe Gou rivers on the left and Taiping and Chaoyangchuan on the right. The Maqiao River rises from Sidingzi Mountain and joins the Hulimi River. Farther north it joins the Shanyang Yazi, Leifengqi, and Baicao Gou streams on the left. On the right the Shangliangzi River rises from Tieqiaobei, passes Xiaguan, and enters Mishan. There were three official and commercial roads: west via Taidong Station into Ning'an; northeast via Xiachengzi over Qinggou Ridge to Mishan; one east crossing the Xilin and the railway to Dongning. The Eastern Qing Railway had five stations: Modaoshi, Taimagou, Meiling, Maqiaohe, and Taipingling.

額穆縣：省東三百八十里。明，斡朵里、禿屯河二衛。後屬窩集部之鄂謨和蘇魯路。清始祖所居俄漠惠，即此。舊曰額穆赫索羅。乾隆三年，置佐領。宣統三年，改隸東南路道。西：嵩領。蘭陵河出其北，曰黃泥河，會大石頭河，緣五常界入。西南：松花江自樺甸入，左合拉發及嘎雅河，折西北入吉林。南：牡丹江自敦化入，右合大沙河，左朱爾德河，納河注入，屈東，左合馬鹿溝、都林、塔拉泡，右朝陽、大小空心木河，入寧安。舊設站六：西拉法，距吉林額赫穆站八十里；又東六十五里退摶；八十里伊壽松；又四十里至城，即額穆赫索羅站；又東八十里塔拉達寧安；一東南八十里通溝達敦化。

Emu County: three hundred eighty li east of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it comprised the Woduo'li and Tutunhe guards. Later it came under the E'mohesulu route of the Woji tribe. The Qing founding ancestor's residence at Emohui was here. It was formerly called Emuhesuoluo. In the third year of the Qianlong reign an assistant commandant was established. In the third year of the Xuantong reign it was placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. To the west: Song Ridge. The Lanling River rises north of it as the Huangni River, meets the Dashitou River, and enters along the Wuchang border. To the southwest: the Songhua River enters from Huadian, joins the Lafa and Gaya rivers on the left, turns northwest, and enters Jilin. To the south: the Mudan River enters from Dunhua; on the right it joins the Dashan River; on the left the Zhu'erde and Na rivers flow in; it bends east, joins Malugou, Dulin, and Talapao on the left and the Chaoyang and Greater and Lesser Kongxinmu rivers on the right, and enters Ning'an. Six relay stations were formerly established: west at Lafa, eighty li from Jilin's Ehemu Station; a further sixty-five li east to Tuituan; eighty li to Yishousong; a further forty li to the city, that is Emuhesuoluo Station; a further eighty li east via Tala to Ning'an; one southeast, eighty li via Tonggou to Dunhua.

汪清縣：省東南千二十三里。明，阿布達哩衛。清初庫雅拉部鈕呼特居之，為世管佐領。宣統二年置，隸東南路道。北：老松嶺。南：圖們江自和龍入，二道嘎雅河自嶺西合樺安溝，緣延吉界，合藥水河，至摩天嶺仍入。左合大小汪清溝，逕城東，又南復緣延吉界注之，入琿春。東北：荒溝嶺。大綏芬河出東北，左合大石頭、老母豬河、太平溝，入東寧。舊設站三：東哈順，北至延吉瑚珠嶺站六十里；又南四十五里德通；西北逾高麗嶺至牛什哈嶺為分站。官商路二：南逾吉清嶺至延吉；東北歷綏芬甸子入東寧。商埠，百草溝，宣統元年中日間島協約開。

Wangqing County: one thousand twenty-three li southeast of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Abudali guard. In the early Qing the Kuyala tribe's Niu'hute resided there under a hereditary assistant commandant. It was established in the second year of the Xuantong reign and placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. To the north: Laosongling Ridge. To the south: the Tumen River enters from Helong; the Second Dao Gaya River from west of the ridge joins Hua'an Gou, follows the Yanji border, joins the Yaoshui River, and reenters at Motianling. On the left it joins the Greater and Lesser Wangqing Gou, passes east of the city, then south again follows the Yanji border to flow into it and enters Hunchun. To the northeast: Huangou Ridge. The Greater Suifen River rises in the northeast, joins the Dashitou, Laomuzhu, and Taiping Gou streams on the left, and enters Dongning. Three relay stations were formerly established: east at Hashun, sixty li north to Yanji's Huzhuling Station; a further forty-five li south to Detong; northwest over Gaoliling Ridge to Niushiha Ridge as a branch station. There were two official and commercial roads: south over Jiqing Ridge to Yanji; northeast via Suifendianzi into Dongning. A treaty port at Baicao Gou was opened under the Sino-Japanese Jiandao agreement in the first year of the Xuantong reign.

和龍縣：省東南八百里。明，賡金河衛地。光緒十一年，吉、韓通商，和龍峪與光霽峪西步江互市。二十八年，置分防經歷，屬延吉。宣統二年，改隸東南路道。西：秫秸嶺。迤東北雞冠磖子，又北窩集嶺，其東三、二道溝併入延吉。西南：圖們江自奉天安圖入，合紅旗河外六、五、四道溝，逕東景德，至汗王習射臺。又北逕光霽峪入汪清。官商路二：一北至延吉；一南至火狐狸溝，渡江達朝鮮會寧。又西北由窩集嶺出長白北麓，沿古洞、富爾河，歷樺甸、磐石，達奉天海龍，俗呼盤道，清初為通衢。後別為圍場，禁塞。光緒中復通。

Helong County: eight hundred li southeast of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was territory of the Gengjinhe guard. In the eleventh year of the Guangxu reign, when Jilin and Korea opened trade, Helongyu and Guangjiyu at Xibujiang became a mutual market. In the twenty-eighth year a defense assistant magistrate was established, subordinate to Yanji. In the second year of the Xuantong reign it was placed under the Southeast Circuit intendant. To the west: Shujie Ridge. Winding northeast to Jiguan Yazi and farther north to Wojiling Ridge; east of it the Third and Second Dao Gou streams merge into Yanji. To the southwest: the Tumen River enters from Antu in Fengtian, joins beyond the Hongqi River the Sixth, Fifth, and Fourth Dao Gou streams, passes Dongjingde, and reaches the Khan King's archery platform. Farther north it passes Guangjiyu and enters Wangqing. There were two official and commercial roads: one north to Yanji; one south to Huohuli Gou, crossing the river to Hoeryong in Korea. Also to the northwest, from Wojiling Ridge out the northern foothills of Changbai, along the Gudong and Fuer rivers through Huadian and Panshi to Hailong in Fengtian — popularly called the Pandas Road, it was a major thoroughfare in the early Qing. Later it was set aside as a hunting preserve and closed off. It was reopened during the Guangxu period.

依蘭府：繁，疲，難。省東北千四十里。東北路道駐。即三姓副都統城。古肅慎國地。明，和屯衛。清初稱依蘭喀喇。光緒三十一年改置，隸東北路道。東：大德依亨山、阿爾布善。東南：察庫嶺。西北：松花江自方正入。西南牡丹江自寧安緣界，又北緣方正界，合阿什明達、烏斯渾、伯利，逕城西注之。東：倭肯河自樺川入，合奇塔、庫倫、連珠岡、大小八浪，納七八虎力，又西北合蘇木，至城東來會。舊設站九：西妙嘎山，又西鄂爾國木索，崇古爾庫、富拉渾、佛斯恆，並江北岸，約二百八十餘里；南太平庄、烏斯渾、小巴彥蘇、蓮花泡接寧安。官商路三：西珠淇河達方正；東阿穆達樺川；東南土龍山達密山。有護江關。

Yilan Prefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. One thousand forty li northeast of the provincial seat. The Northeast Circuit intendant was stationed there. It was the city of the Sanxing deputy commander. Territory of the ancient Sushen kingdom. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Hetun guard. In the early Qing it was called Yilankala. In the thirty-first year of the Guangxu reign it was reestablished as a prefecture and placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. To the east: Dadeyiheng Mountain and A'erbushan. To the southeast: Chaku Ridge. To the northwest: the Songhua River enters from Fangzheng. To the southwest the Mudan River follows the border from Ning'an, then north along the Fangzheng border; it joins the Ashiminda, Wusihun, and Boli rivers, passes west of the city, and flows into the Songhua. To the east: the Woken River enters from Huachuan, joins the Qita, Kulun, Lianzhugang, and Greater and Lesser Balang rivers, receives Qibahuli, joins Sumu farther northwest, and reaches east of the city to meet the Songhua. Nine relay stations were formerly established: west at Miaogashan; farther west at E'erguomusuo, Chongguerku, Fulahun, and Fosiheng, all on the north bank, spanning about two hundred eighty li; south at Taipingzhuang, Wusihun, Xiaobayansu, and Lianhuapao connecting to Ning'an. There were three official and commercial roads: west via Zhuqihe to Fangzheng; east to Amudahuachuan; southeast via Tulongshan to Mishan. It had a river protection customs post.

臨江府：繁，疲，難。省東北二千里。金，黑水靺鞨部。清初黑哲喀喇人所居，即薙髮黑斤。曰拉哈蘇蘇。光緒初，始由三姓副都統編戶入旗，分三佐領。三十二年，置臨江州。宣統元年升，隸東北路道。廣四百三十里，袤四百餘里。北極高四十六度二十分。京師偏東十三度二十分。東：街津山、小白。南：西太平。西南：葛蘭棒子。西：烏爾古力。松花江自富錦入，左會黑龍江，曰黑河口，為混同江。又東合街津河，出向陽山，入綏遠。南：饒力河自密山緣界，合依瓦魯河，又東緣饒河界，大七里星河入之。西南：倭肯河，西入樺川。官商路四：西圖斯科達富錦；東睦鄰鎮達綏遠；東南寒蔥山達饒河；又由二道岡西曆駝腰子，亦達富錦。

Linjiang Prefecture: crowded, worn, difficult. Two thousand li northeast of the provincial seat. Under the Jin dynasty, it was the Heishui Mohe tribe. In the early Qing the Heizhekala people lived there — the tonsured Heijin. It was called Lahasusu. In the early Guangxu period the Sanxing deputy commander first registered households into the banners and divided them among three assistant commandants. In the thirty-second year Linjiang Prefecture was established. In the first year of the Xuantong reign it was promoted to prefecture status and placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. It measured four hundred thirty li from east to west and over four hundred li from north to south. Its latitude was 46°20′ north. It lay 13°20′ east of the capital. To the east: Jiejin Mountain and Xiaobai. To the south: Xi Taiping. To the southwest: Gelanbangzi. To the west: Wuerguli. The Songhua River enters from Fujin; on the left it meets the Heilongjiang at Heihekou, forming the Huntong River. Farther east it joins the Jiejin River, passes Xiangyang Mountain, and enters Suiyuan. To the south: the Raoli River follows the border from Mishan, joins the Yiwaru River, then east along the Raohé border the Greater Qilihe River flows into it. To the southwest: the Woken River flows west into Huachuan. There were four official and commercial roads: west via Tusike to Fujin; east via Mulintown to Suiyuan; southeast via Hancong Mountain to Raohé; also via Erdaogang west through Tuoyaozi to Fujin.

密山府：省東北千三百里。渤海湖州地。明，木倫河衞及松阿察河堧地。清初瓦爾喀部人所居，隸寧古塔副都統。光緒三十四年置。蜂蜜山南十餘里，脈與西南黃窩集接，互三百里。隸東北路道。西南：穆棱河自其縣入。右合小穆棱、滴道哈達嶺水，左下亮子，逕城西。又東北，左合大穆棱河，其北七虎林河，其東南阿松察河，出興凱湖，東北緣界，併入虎林。北：饒力河，東緣臨江界入饒河。官商路六：西大柞木臺達穆棱；東楊木岡達虎林；西北太平砬子達依蘭；北達臨江；南至快當別；東南龍王廟達俄。界碑：興凱湖東「亦」字、西「喀」字，又西「拉」字、「瑪」字。

Mishan Prefecture: one thousand three hundred li northeast of the provincial seat. Territory of Bohai Huzhou. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the Mulunhe guard and the shoal land of the Song'acha River. In the early Qing the Warka tribe lived there, subordinate to the Ningguta deputy commander. It was established in the thirty-fourth year of the Guangxu reign. Fengmi Mountain lay over ten li to the south; its range connected with Huangwoji to the southwest across three hundred li. It was placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. To the southwest: the Muling River enters from Muling County. On the right it joins the Lesser Muling and Didao Hadaling streams; on the left Xialiangzi; it passes west of the city. Farther northeast it joins the Greater Muling River on the left; to its north is the Qihulin River; to the southeast the Asongcha River rises from Lake Khanka and northeast along the border merges into Hulin. To the north: the Raoli River follows the Linjiang border east into Raohé. There were six official and commercial roads: west via Dazhamutai to Muling; east via Yangmugang to Hulin; northwest via Taipinglazi to Yilan; north to Linjiang; south to Kuaidangbie; southeast via Longwangmiao to Russia. Boundary markers: east of Lake Khanka bore "Yi"; west bore "Ka"; farther west bore "La" and "Ma".

虎林廳：省東北千九百里。宣統元年，置呢嗎口廳。二年更名。署西南關帝廟榜題「嘉慶己巳重修」，則漢民足跡早至。隸東北路道。西：七虎林山。西南：半拉窩集、蘇爾德。西北：安巴倭克里。北：那丹哈達拉嶺。南：烏蘇里江自俄東海濱省緣界，納松阿察及小黑河，又北納大小穆棱河，逕城東。又北納七虎林河，合阿布沁、小大木克、獨木、外七里星河，入饒河。官商路三：南至大穆棱河，西曆索倫營達密山；南歷倒木溝至龍王廟；一城北下水撈達饒河。惟烏蘇里時溢，沿江哈湯多，足礙行旅。又由廳治至渡江，溯呢嗎，即至烏蘇里鐵路伊曼站。

Hulin Subprefecture: one thousand nine hundred li northeast of the provincial seat. In the first year of the Xuantong reign Nimakou Subprefecture was established. In the second year it was renamed. The Guandi Temple southwest of the yamen bore a plaque reading "Rebuilt in the Jiaqing Jisi year," showing that Han settlers had arrived early. It was placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. To the west: Qihulin Mountain. To the southwest: Banlawoji and Su'erde. To the northwest: Anbawokeli. To the north: Nadanhadala Ridge. To the south: the Ussuri River follows the border from the Russian Maritime Province, receives the Song'acha and Lesser Hei rivers, farther north receives the Greater and Lesser Muling rivers, and passes east of the city. Farther north it receives the Qihulin River, joins the Abuqin, Greater and Lesser Muke, Dumu, and Outer Qilihe rivers, and enters Raohé. There were three official and commercial roads: south to the Greater Muling River, west through the Solon camp to Mishan; south via Daomugou to Longwangmiao; one north of the city downstream by boat to Raohé. The Ussuri sometimes overflowed, and marshes along the river often obstructed travelers. From the subprefectural seat one could cross the river and go upstream along the Nima to reach Imán Station on the Ussuri Railway.

綏遠州：省東北二千五百里。清初使犬部額真喀喇人居之，隸三姓副都統，曰伊力嘎。宣統元年置，隸東北路道。北極高四十度四十九分。京師偏西四度四十八分。西南：秦得力山、額圖、昂古喀蘭、太平。南：完達、科勒木蘇拉立喀蘭。北：混同江自臨江入，合二吉利、秦得力、沃泥河、濃江。南：烏蘇里江自饒河入。右畢拉音畢爾竇，屈東北，右東海濱省，分二支來會，折西北亦入之。官商路三：西秦皇、魚通，西小白山，並達臨江；東南窩集口達饒河。烏蘇里下口西岸有「耶」字界碑。

Suiyuan Prefecture: two thousand five hundred li northeast of the provincial seat. In the early Qing the Ezhengkala people of the dog-using tribe lived there, subordinate to the Sanxing deputy commander, and it was called Yiliga. It was established in the first year of the Xuantong reign and placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. Its latitude was 40°49′ north. It lay 4°48′ west of the capital. To the southwest: Qindeli Mountain, Etu, Angukalan, and Taiping. To the south: Wanda and Kelemusulalikalan. To the north: the Huntong River enters from Linjiang and joins the Erjili, Qindeli, Woni, and Nongjiang rivers. To the south: the Ussuri River enters from Raohé. On the right is Bilayinbi'erdou; it bends northeast with the Maritime Province on the right; two branches come to meet, then turn northwest and also flow into the Huntong. There were three official and commercial roads: west via Qinhuang and Yutong, west via Xiaobaishan, all reaching Linjiang; southeast via Wojikou to Raohé. On the west bank of the lower Ussuri mouth stood a boundary marker bearing the character "Ye".

方正縣：繁，疲，難。省東北九百二十里。清初呼爾哈部人居之，隸三姓副都統。光緒三十二年置大通，隸依蘭，治江北崇古爾庫站。宣統元年，徙治江南方正泡，割濱州長壽東境益之，更名，隸東北路道。西：萬寶山。東：雙鳳、鳥槍頂子。南：東老龍爪溝嶺。北：松花江自賓州入，納螞蜒及柳樹、黃泥河，逕城北，合二古力、德墨里、大小羅拉蜜。又東北，納珠淇河，入依蘭。東南：牡丹江自寧安緣界，合大小營門石，四、五、三道諸河從之。官商路三：西新安入賓州；東達溝達依蘭，舊阻哈湯，近通利；西南黃泥河入長壽。船埠：德墨里屯。

Fangzheng County: crowded, worn, difficult. Nine hundred twenty li northeast of the provincial seat. In the early Qing the Hurha tribe lived there, subordinate to the Sanxing deputy commander. In the thirty-second year of the Guangxu reign Datong was established, subordinate to Yilan, with its seat at Chongguerku Station on the north bank. In the first year of the Xuantong reign the seat was moved to Fangzheng Pao on the south bank; territory was added from the eastern border of Changshou in Binzhou; it was renamed and placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. To the west: Wanbaoshan. To the east: Shuangfeng and Niaoqiangdingzi. To the south: Donglaolongzhuogou Ridge. To the north: the Songhua River enters from Binzhou, receives the Mayan, Liushu, and Huangni rivers, passes north of the city, and joins the Erguli, Demoli, and Greater and Lesser Luolami rivers. Farther northeast it receives the Zhuqi River and enters Yilan. To the southeast: the Mudan River follows the border from Ning'an, joins the Greater and Lesser Yingmenshi and the Fourth, Fifth, and Third Dao rivers along its course. There were three official and commercial roads: west via Xin'an into Binzhou; east via Dagou to Yilan, formerly blocked by marshes but recently passable; southwest via the Huangni River into Changshou. Its boat wharf was at Demoli Village.

樺川縣：省東北千三百十八里。清初黑哲喀喇人居之，隸三姓副都統。宣統二年置，治佳木斯。三年，徙悅來鎮，隸東北路道。西：格布蘇嶺、猴石山。南：巴虎。東：馬庫力。南：筆架、哈達密。東南：倭肯河，自臨江緣界，及七八虎力河入依蘭，注松花江。西北合音達木、小鈴鐺麥河，入富錦。東南：柳樹河從之。官商路三：西蘇蘇屯達依蘭；東汶登岡，東南寶山鎮，並達富錦。船埠：佳木斯屯，瀕江。

Huachuan County: one thousand three hundred eighteen li northeast of the provincial seat. In the early Qing the Heizhekala people lived there, subordinate to the Sanxing deputy commander. It was established in the second year of the Xuantong reign with its seat at Jiamusi. In the third year the seat was moved to Yuelai town and it was placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. To the west: Gebusu Ridge and Houshi Mountain. To the south: Bahu. To the east: Makuli. To the south: Bijia and Hadami. To the southeast: the Woken River follows the border from Linjiang, and the Qibahuli River enters Yilan and flows into the Songhua. To the northwest it joins the Yindamu and Xiaolingdangmai rivers and enters Fujin. To the southeast the Liushu River follows the same course. There were three official and commercial roads: west via Susutun to Yilan; east via Wendenggang and southeast via Baoshan town, both reaching Fujin. Its boat wharf was at Jiamusi Village on the riverbank.

富錦縣：省東北千八百里。清初黑哲喀喇人本部，曰富克錦。置協領。三十三年置巡司，隸臨江州。改隸東北路道。南：對錦山、別拉音、四方臺。西南：雙崖。東：烏爾古力。北：松花江自樺川入，納柳樹、哈達密河，入臨江。西南七星砬子，大七里星河出東北，緣界合砭石河，逕對面城屯，流分復合。官商路四：西霍悅路達樺川；東古必扎拉達臨江；東南歷臨江二龍山鎮達饒河；南懷德鎮達密山。

Fujin County: one thousand eight hundred li northeast of the provincial seat. In the early Qing it was the headquarters of the Heizhekala people and was called Fukejin. An assistant commandant was established. In the thirty-third year a patrol office was established, subordinate to Linjiang Prefecture. It was placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. To the south: Duijin Mountain, Bielayin, and Sifangtai. To the southwest: Shuangya. To the east: Wuerguli. To the north: the Songhua River enters from Huachuan, receives the Liushu and Hadami rivers, and enters Linjiang. To the southwest: Qixinglazi; the Greater Qilihe River rises in the northeast, joins the Bianshi River along the border, passes Duimiancheng Village, divides, and rejoins. There were four official and commercial roads: west via Huoyuelu to Huachuan; east via Gubizhala to Linjiang; southeast via Linjiang's Erlongshan town to Raohé; south via Huaide town to Mishan.

饒河縣：省東北二千百四十里。明，尼瑪河堧地。後為窩集部之諾羅路。清初瓦爾喀部人居之，隸寧古塔副都統。置，隸東北路道。南：佛力山、大頂。西：小菜根。西南：雙呀堪達。東：東老營盤。東南：烏蘇里江自虎林入，合外七里星、大小別拉、大帶、小安河，北至斯莫勒山。西南：饒河自密山緣臨江界，合大索倫、蛤螞罣、寶清、貛子、里七里星、大佳氣河，入逕城北，又東，右合小佳氣、蛤螞河，逕饒力葛山來會。又東北，入綏遠。官商路二：東沿烏蘇里，分達綏遠、虎林；西沿饒力，分達臨江、密山。

Raohé County: two thousand one hundred forty li northeast of the provincial seat. Under the Ming dynasty, it was the shoal land of the Nima River. Later it became the Nuoluo route of the Woji tribe. In the early Qing the Warka tribe lived there, subordinate to the Ningguta deputy commander. It was established and placed under the Northeast Circuit intendant. To the south: Foli Mountain and Dading. To the west: Xiaocaigen. To the southwest: Shuangyakanda. To the east: Donglaoyingpan. To the southeast: the Ussuri River enters from Hulin, joins the Outer Qilihe, Greater and Lesser Biela, Daidai, and Xiao'an rivers, and reaches Simole Mountain to the north. To the southwest: the Raohé River follows the Linjiang border from Mishan, joins the Greater Solon, Hamagua, Baoqing, Huanzi, Li Qilihe, and Dajiaqi rivers, passes north of the city, then east joins the Lesser Jiaqi and Hama rivers on the right, passes Raolige Mountain, and comes to meet the Ussuri. Farther northeast it enters Suiyuan. There were two official and commercial roads: east along the Ussuri, branching to Suiyuan and Hulin; west along the Raoli, branching to Linjiang and Mishan.

◎附志

Supplementary notes.

寶清州：宣統元年擬置於饒河西境寶清河西。

Baoqing Prefecture: planned for establishment in the first year of the Xuantong reign west of the Raohé River's western territory, west of the Baoqing River.

勃利州：宣統元年擬置於依蘭東南倭肯河上游，即古勃利州地。

Boli Prefecture: planned for establishment in the first year of the Xuantong reign southeast of Yilan at the upper reaches of the Woken River — territory of the ancient Boli prefecture.

臨湖縣：宣統元年擬置於密山東，南臨興凱湖，有小興凱湖。

Linhu County: planned for establishment in the first year of the Xuantong reign east of Mishan, facing Lake Khanka to the south, with Lesser Lake Khanka nearby.

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