Volume 59 Treatises 34: Geography 6, An Hui

志三十四

Treatise 34

地理六

Geography 6

安徽

An Hui

安徽：禹貢揚及徐、豫三州之域。明屬南京。清順治二年，改江南省，置鳳陽巡撫及安廬池太巡撫，兼理操江軍務，並統於淮陽總督。六年，俱罷。十八年，設江南左、右布政使，以左布政轄安慶、徽州、寧國、池州、太平、廬州、鳳陽、淮安、揚州九府，暨徐、滁、和、廣德四直隸州，駐江寧。康熙元年，始分建安徽為省治，復置巡撫，駐安慶。三年，江南分一按察使來治。五年，割揚州、淮安、徐州還隸江寧右布政。六年，改左布政為安徽布政使司。雍正元年，以兩江總督統治安徽、江蘇、江西三省。二年，升鳳陽府屬之潁、亳、泗三州，廬州府屬之六安州，為直隸州。十三年，潁州升府，亳州復降屬潁。乾隆二十五年，安徽布政使亦自江寧來駐。東至江蘇溧水；西至湖北麻城；南至江西彭澤、浙江遂安；北至河南鹿邑。廣七百三十五里，袤六百六十六里。宣統三年，編戶三百一十四萬二千一百八十四，口一千六百二十二萬九百五十二。領府八，直隸州五，屬州四，縣五十一。其名山：霍、皖、黃、九華、陵陽、敬亭。其大川：大江、皖、涇、樅陽、巢湖、淮、潁、渦、滁、澮、西肥、北肥、洪澤湖。航路：東達江蘇，西達江西、湖北。驛路：自安慶北逾北峽關渡淮達江蘇徐州；自江心驛東南出清流關達江浦；自桐城西南達湖北黃梅。鐵路擬設蕪寧路。電線。主安慶府：沖，繁，難。安廬滁和道治所。巡撫，布政、提學、提法三使，巡警、勸業道，同駐。順治初，因明制，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，始分建安徽省。十四年，設提督，轄上江營汛。十八年，省提督，併入江南。乾隆二十五年，移左布政使來治。嘉慶八年，以巡撫兼提督，轄二鎮各標。西北距京師二千七百里。廣四百五十里，袤二百七十五里。北極高三十度三十七分，京師偏東三十四分。領縣六。懷寧沖，繁，難。倚。東北：大龍山。西：皖山，百子。西北：獨秀山。大江自望江入，逕城南而東北出趨池口，又東北入無為。皖水自潛山入，會長河，逕石牌港入江。北：黃麻河，一名黃馬河，自潛山入，會沙河、高河，達桐城為練潭河。西北：井田河，上達練潭。西：冶塘湖，由皖口入江。東北：長楓港，引蓮湖、槐湖水入江，即古之長風沙也。碎石嶺汛二，石牌市汛一。長楓、三橋二鎮，巡司各一。一驛：練潭。商埠濱江。桐城沖，繁，難。府東北百二十里。東北：浮度山，北峽山一名北峽關，與舒城界。西：挂車。北：龍眠山，有水流為龍眠河，入松山、鴨子諸湖。東南：大江自懷寧入，東流，逕縣西南練潭驛為練潭河。雙河出縣東，二派合流為孔城河，與東南長河、白兔河俱入練潭河，至樅陽入江。三道岩關，縣西，咸豐十年重築。六百丈、北峽關、練潭鎮、馬踏石巡司四。驛二：陶沖、呂亭。潛山沖，繁。府西北百二十里。北：灊山，一曰皖山，又名天柱。漢武帝登灊禮天柱，號為「南嶽」，即此；道書所謂「第十四洞天」也。潛水今名前河，源出公蓋山，西流為開源澗。東南流，逕城北，東合皖水。出公蓋山，東逕烏石波，至城東崩河合潛水。南至石牌市，與太湖東諸水會，逕懷寧入江。東北：昆崙山，沙河出，會黃馬河入懷寧。吳塘堰，歷代開以灌田，康熙十一年修治。天堂砦，後部河所出。有巡司一。一驛：青口。太湖沖，難。府西北二百二十里。東：馬頭山。南：新寨，香茗。西北：龍山。北：珠子山。有關，西與英山界。太湖舊與小湖五，並堙。東北：銀河自潛山入，為後部河。右合羊角河，為龍灣河。匯南陽、青石、棠梨、羅溪諸河，為馬路河。環城而東，折東北仍之。後部、白沙巡司各一。一驛：小池。宿松沖，難。府西南百六十里。東北：嚴恭、烽火。東南：洿池。西南：得勝山。大江自湖北黃梅入，流逕小孤山。元立鐵柱於上，名「海門第一關」。分流東下入望江。二郎河一名揚溪河，承雷水，南流入望江。北：三溪河自湖北蘄州、黃梅分入，合於隘口，南流入江。東北：舊縣河出白崖諸山，合荊橋河，入望江之泊湖。東：張富池，會大小泊澇湖，龍南蓮若湖，白湖、棠梨、小黃三湖，趨於泊湖。又南，龍宮湖、大官湖，均東連泊湖，成巨浸。有便民倉鎮，南北糧倉貯此。有歸林灘鎮，舊置巡司，裁。其復興、涇江口二鎮有巡司二。一驛：楓香。望江簡。府西南百二十里。西北：大茗、小茗對峙。東：周河山。西：麒麟山。北：寶珠山。南：大江自宿松入，濱城緣娥眉洲東北流，至華陽口納泊湖。泊湖受宿鬆浮湖、茅湖諸水，合流為揚溪河，即雷水也。雷港，明時湮。今從華陽鎮入江。鎮四：蘇家、吉水、香新溝，又華陽。雷港，游擊駐。有巡司。雍正中自楊灣改。一驛：雷港。

An Hui: the territory of the Yang, Xu, and Yu regions described in the Yu Gong. Under the Ming dynasty, it fell under the jurisdiction of Nanjing. In the second year of the Shunzhi reign, the Qing reorganized Jiangnan Province, appointing governors-general at Fengyang and for Anqing, Luzhou, Chizhou, and Taiping, who also handled Yangtze naval affairs, all under the Huaiyang governor-general. In the sixth year, both posts were abolished. In the eighteenth year, left and right provincial administration commissioners were appointed for Jiangnan; the left commissioner had jurisdiction over the nine prefectures of Anqing, Huizhou, Ningguo, Chizhou, Taiping, Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, and Yangzhou, plus the four directly administered subprefectures of Xu, Chu, He, and Guangde, with his seat at Jiangning. In the first year of the Kangxi reign, An Hui was formally established as a separate province, a governor-general was reappointed, and the provincial seat was placed at Anqing. In the third year, a surveillance commissioner was detached from Jiangnan to administer the province. In the fifth year, Yangzhou, Huai'an, and Xuzhou were transferred back to the jurisdiction of the right provincial administration commissioner at Jiangning. In the sixth year, the left provincial administration commission was reorganized as the An Hui provincial administration commission. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign, the Liangjiang governor-general assumed authority over An Hui, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi. In the second year, the subprefectures of Ying, Bo, and Si under Fengyang Prefecture and Lu'an under Luzhou Prefecture were promoted to directly administered subprefectures. In the thirteenth year, Yingzhou was elevated to prefectural status, while Bozhou was once again reduced and placed under Ying's jurisdiction. In the twenty-fifth year of the Qianlong reign, the An Hui provincial administration commissioner also relocated from Jiangning to take up residence in the province. To the east it extended to Lishui in Jiangsu; to the west to Macheng in Hubei; to the south to Pengze in Jiangxi and Suian in Zhejiang; and to the north to Luyi in Henan. It measured seven hundred thirty-five li from east to west and six hundred sixty-six li from north to south. In the third year of the Xuantong reign, registered households totaled 3,142,184 and the population 16,220,952. It comprised eight prefectures, five directly administered subprefectures, four dependent subprefectures, and fifty-one counties. Its notable mountains included Huo, Wan, Huang, Jiuhua, Lingyang, and Jingting. Its major waterways included the Great River, the Wan, Jing, Zongyang, Chaohu, Huai, Ying, Wo, Chu, and Hui rivers, the Xifei and Beifei rivers, and Hongze Lake. Shipping routes ran east to Jiangsu and west to Jiangxi and Hubei. Post roads ran from Anqing north over Beixia Pass, crossing the Huai River to reach Xuzhou in Jiangsu; from Jiangxin Post southeast through Qingliu Pass to Jiangpu; and from Tongcheng southwest to Huangmei in Hubei. Plans called for a railway line, the Wuning Line. Telegraph lines were in place. Seat: Anqing Prefecture: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Seat of the An-Lu-Chu-He Circuit intendancy. The governor-general, the provincial administration, education, and judicial affairs commissioners, and the police and industry promotion intendants all had their seats here. In the early Shunzhi period, following Ming practice, it fell under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, An Hui was formally established as a separate province. In the fourteenth year, a provincial military commander was appointed to oversee the Upper Yangtze garrison posts. In the eighteenth year, the provincial military command was abolished and its duties merged into Jiangnan. In the twenty-fifth year of the Qianlong reign, the left provincial administration commissioner was relocated here. In the eighth year of the Jiaqing reign, the governor-general was given concurrent charge of the provincial military command, overseeing two brigades and their constituent units. It lay two thousand seven hundred li northwest of the capital. It measured four hundred fifty li from east to west and two hundred seventy-five li from north to south. Its latitude was 30°37′ N, and it lay 34′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised six counties. Huaining: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Seat county attached to the prefecture. To the northeast: Dalong Mountain. To the west: Wan Mountain and Baizi. To the northwest: Duxiu Mountain. The Great River entered from Wangjiang, ran south of the city, and flowed northeast toward Chikou before continuing northeast into Wuwei. The Wan River entered from Qianshan, joined the Chang River, and reached the Great River at Shipai Harbor. To the north: the Huangma River, also known as the Huangma River, entered from Qianshan, joined the Sha and Gao rivers, and became the Liantan River at Tongcheng. To the northwest: the Jingtian River, which extended upstream to Liantan. To the west: Yetang Lake, which drained into the Great River through Wankou. To the northeast: Changfeng Harbor, which channeled water from Lian and Huai lakes into the Great River—the site of ancient Changfengsha. There were two garrison posts at Suishiling and one at Shipai Market. The market towns of Changfeng and Sanqiao each had a patrol office. One post station: Liantan. There was a commercial port on the riverbank. Tongcheng: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the northeast: Fudu Mountain and Beixia Mountain, also known as Beixia Pass, on the border with Shucheng. To the west: Guache. To the north: Longmian Mountain, whose streams formed the Longmian River and fed Songshan, Yazi, and other lakes. To the southeast: the Great River entered from Huaining and flowed east, becoming the Liantan River as it passed southwest of the county at Liantan Post. The Shuang River rose east of the county; its two branches merged to form the Kongcheng River, which together with the Chang and Baitu rivers of the southeast joined the Liantan River and reached the Great River at Zongyang. Sandao Pass, west of the county, was rebuilt in the tenth year of the Xianfeng reign. There were four patrol offices: at Liubaizhang, Beixia Pass, Liantan Market Town, and Matashi. Two post stations: Taochong and Lüting. Qianshan: strategically important and busy. It lay one hundred twenty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Qian Mountain, also called Wan Mountain and known as Tianzhu. Emperor Wu of Han climbed Qian to perform rites at Tianzhu and proclaimed it the "Southern Marchmount"—this is that peak; which Daoist texts identify as the "Fourteenth Grotto Heaven." The Qian River, now called the Qian River, rises at Gonggai Mountain and flows west as Kaiyuan Stream. It flowed southeast past the north side of the city and joined the Wan River to the east. Rising at Gonggai Mountain, it flowed east past Wushi Bo and joined the Qian River at Beng River east of the city. It flowed south to Shipai Market, where it met the eastern streams of Taihu, then passed through Huaining to reach the Great River. To the northeast: Kunlun Mountain, from which the Sha River issued, joined the Huangma River, and flowed into Huaining. Wutang Weir, opened in successive dynasties for irrigation, was repaired in the eleventh year of the Kangxi reign. Tiantang Stockade, source of the Houbu River. There was one patrol office. One post station: Qingkou. Taihu: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred twenty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east: Matou Mountain. To the south: Xinzhai and Xiangming. To the northwest: Long Mountain. To the north: Zhuzi Mountain. There was a pass on the western border with Yingshan. The former Taihu Lake and five smaller lakes had all been silted up. To the northeast: the Yinhe River entered from Qianshan as the Houbu River. On the right it joined the Yangjiao River to form the Longwan River. Gathering the Nanyang, Qingshi, Tangli, and Luoxi rivers, it became the Malu River. It circled the city to the east, then turned northeast and continued on. There was one patrol office each at Houbu and Baisha. One post station: Xiaochi. Susong: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the northeast: Yangong and Fenghuo. To the southeast: Wuchi. To the southwest: Desheng Mountain. The Great River entered from Huangmei in Hubei and flowed past Xiaogu Mountain. The Yuan dynasty erected an iron pillar on the peak, naming it the "First Pass of the Sea Gate." A branch flowed southeast into Wangjiang. The Erlang River, also known as the Yangxi River, received the Lei River and flowed south into Wangjiang. To the north: the Sanxi River branched in from Qizhou and Huangmei in Hubei, joined at Aikou, and flowed south into the Great River. To the northeast: the Old County River rose in the Baiya mountains, joined the Jingqiao River, and entered Boho Lake in Wangjiang. To the east: Zhangfu Pool, which connected the large and small Bolao lakes, Longnan Lianruo Lake, and the Bai, Tangli, and Xiaohuang lakes, all draining toward Boho. Farther south, Longgong and Daguan lakes both connected eastward to Boho, forming a vast sheet of water. At Bianmin Warehouse Market Town, grain stores for north-south transport were maintained. There was Guilin Beach Market Town, where a patrol office had once been established but was later abolished. The market towns of Fuxing and Jingjiangkou each had a patrol office. One post station: Fengxiang. Wangjiang: administratively light. It lay one hundred twenty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest: Daming and Xiaoming stood facing each other. To the east: Zhouhe Mountain. To the west: Qilin Mountain. To the north: Baozhu Mountain. To the south: the Great River entered from Susong, ran along the city beside Emei Isle and flowed northeast, receiving Boho Lake at Huayang Mouth. Boho received the waters of Fuhu, Maohu, and other Susong lakes; their combined flow formed the Yangxi River—the Lei River. Leigang had silted up during the Ming dynasty. It now enters the Great River at Huayang Market Town. Four market towns: Sujia, Jishui, Xiangxingou, and Huayang. A battalion commander was stationed at Leigang. There was a patrol office. During the Yongzheng reign it was relocated from Yangwan. One post station: Leigang.

廬州府：沖，難。隸安廬滁和道。明，廬州府，屬江南。順治初，因明制，改二州、六縣，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。雍正二年，升六安為直隸州，以英山、霍山二縣改屬，餘仍舊。南距省治四百六十里。廣二百二十里，袤二百一十里。北極高三十一度五十六分，京師偏東四十七分。領州一，縣四。合肥沖，繁，疲，難。倚。東：龍泉，青陽。東北：大小峴山。西南：紫蓬。東：浮槎。東南：四鼎山一名四頂山。東：巢湖一名焦湖，延袤四百餘里，中有三小山，曰鞋、曰姥、曰孤，港汊凡三百六十，納眾水而南注之江。東店阜河，南派河、三汊河，皆入焉。肥水逕雞鳴山，淮水來與之合，縣名昉此。東：逍遙津。梁園鎮。西：廬鎮關。梁園、青陽、官亭巡司三。督糧通判一。縣丞一。驛五：護城、金斗、店埠、派河、吳山廟。舒城沖，繁。府西南百二十里。南：春秋山、華蓋、鼓樂。西南：龍眠、七門山。東：巢湖，與合肥、廬江、巢分界，縣境諸水畢匯於此。龍舒河源出縣西孤井，東流會石塞河，流逕七門堰，又逕城南入巢湖。上七里河在縣西九里，西山諸水所匯，逕南溪入巢湖。其在縣七里者為下七里河，上接南溪，下達巢湖。七門堰在西南七門山下，有三堰：一烏羊，二千功，三槽櫝也。南北峽關、西陽山寨、上陽鎮有汛。曉天鎮巡司一。驛二：三溝、梅心。廬江簡。府南百八十里。東北：冶父山。西北：冷水關。兩山夾立如門。東：梅山，西：孺山，郎家。東南：礬山。東北：巢湖，西納三河，迤東金牛、清野諸水匯焉。其南白湖。南迤為後湖，西播為黃陂湖，匯縣河及作枋河。東出為青簾河，由無為入江。西南高子水，南羅昌河，併入桐城。冷水關有汛一，巡司一。驛一：廬江。巢簡。府東北百八十里。東：東山，濱江為險。東南：七寶山。西北：萬家山。西南：巢湖，舊居巢地，後陷為湖，因名。縣境諸川多自此導流。濡須水自湖東口流逕城南，一名天河水。東流，逕東北亞父山南。又東南，逕七寶、濡須兩山間，亦曰東關水，入無為。清溪河自巢湖導流，逕縣東，合芙蓉水，下流會濡須水。西柘皋、白露、巧溪、花塘諸河皆入巢湖。柘皋有汛。巡司、典史各一。二驛：高井、鎮巢。無為州繁，疲，難。府東南二百六十里。界城內紫芝山。東北：偃月，即濡須塢，東西有二關。西南：三公、九卿。西：孤避。北：青檀。南：大江自桐城入，為石炭河口。又東北，青簾水自廬江入為西河，合鵝毛、永安、直皁，是為泥汊河口。又北，神塘河口。又東逕北蟂蟣山，其西獺浦，入和。北有濡須水，自巢湖緣界，逕七寶山，又東為黃洛河，合州河、運河及馬腸、奧龍河，入含山為裕溪。有汛。黃洛、泥汊、奧龍、土橋巡司四。

Luzhou Prefecture: strategically important and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the An-Lu-Chu-He Circuit intendancy. Under the Ming dynasty, Luzhou Prefecture fell under Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period, following Ming practice, it comprised two subprefectures and six counties under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. In the second year of the Yongzheng reign, Lu'an was promoted to directly administered subprefectural status; Yingshan and Huoshan counties were transferred to its jurisdiction, while the remainder stayed as before. It lay four hundred sixty li south of the provincial capital. It measured two hundred twenty li from east to west and two hundred ten li from north to south. Its latitude was 31°56′ N, and it lay 47′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised one subprefecture and four counties. Hefei: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat county attached to the prefecture. To the east: Longquan and Qingyang. To the northeast: the large and small Xian mountains. To the southwest: Zipeng. To the east: Fuqi. To the southeast: Siding Mountain, also known as Siding Mountain. To the east: Chaohu Lake, also known as Jiaohu, stretched over four hundred li; three small hills within it were called Xie, Lao, and Gu; its three hundred sixty inlets and channels received many streams and discharged south into the Great River. The Dongdianfu, Nanpai, and Sancha rivers all flowed into it. The Fei River passed Jiming Mountain, where the Huai River joined it—the county took its name from this confluence. To the east: Xiaoyaojin. Liangyuan Market Town. To the west: Luzhen Pass. Three patrol offices: at Liangyuan, Qingyang, and Guanting. One grain-supervising subprefect. One assistant magistrate. Five post stations: Hucheng, Jindou, Dianbu, Paihe, and Wushanmiao. Shucheng: strategically important and busy. It lay one hundred twenty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south: Chunqiu Mountain, Huagai, and Guyue. To the southwest: Longmian and Qimen mountains. To the east: Chaohu Lake, on the border with Hefei, Lujiang, and Chao; all streams within the county drained into it. The Longshu River rose at Gujing west of the county, flowed east to join the Shisai River, passed Qimen Weir, then ran south of the city into Chaohu Lake. The Upper Qili River lay nine li west of the county; streams from the western mountains gathered there and flowed through Nanxi into Chaohu Lake. The river seven li from the county was the Lower Qili River, connecting upstream to Nanxi and downstream to Chaohu Lake. Qimen Weir stood below Qimen Mountain in the southwest; it comprised three weirs: Wuyang, Qiankong, and Caodu. There were garrison posts at Nanbeixia Pass, Xiyangshan Stockade, and Shangyang Market Town. One patrol office at Xiaotian Market Town. Two post stations: Sangou and Meixin. Lujiang: administratively light. It lay one hundred eighty li south of the prefectural seat. To the northeast: Yefu Mountain. To the northwest: Lengshui Pass. Two mountains stood facing each other like a gate. To the east: Meishan; to the west: Rushan and Langjia. To the southeast: Fanshan. To the northeast: Chaohu Lake, which received the Sanhe River on the west; farther east the Jinniu, Qingye, and other streams drained into it. South of it lay Bai Lake. Extending south it became Hou Lake; spreading west it became Huangpi Lake, gathering the county river and the Zuofang River. Issuing east it became the Qinglian River, which reached the Great River through Wuwei. To the southwest: the Gaozi River; to the south: the Luochang River—both flowed into Tongcheng. Lengshui Pass had one garrison post and one patrol office. One post station: Lujiang. Chao: administratively light. It lay one hundred eighty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: Dongshan, whose riverbank formed a strategic barrier. To the southeast: Qibao Mountain. To the northwest: Wanjia Mountain. To the southwest: Chaohu Lake, formerly the land of Juchao, which later subsided to form the lake that gave it its name. Most streams within the county were channeled from the lake. The Ruxu River flowed from the lake's eastern outlet past the south side of the city; it was also known as the Tianhe River. It flowed east past the south side of Yafu Mountain in the northeast. Farther southeast it passed between Qibao and Ruxu mountains; also known as the Dongguan River, it entered Wuwei. The Qingxi River was channeled from Chaohu Lake, passed east of the county, joined the Furong River, and downstream met the Ruxu River. To the west: the Zhegao, Bailu, Qiaoxi, and Huatang rivers all drained into Chaohu Lake. There was a garrison post at Zhegao. There was one patrol office and one registrar. Two post stations: Gaojing and Zhenchao. Wuwei Subprefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred sixty li southeast of the prefectural seat. Within the city walls stood Zizhi Mountain. To the northeast: Yanyue, the Ruxu Fort, with two passes to the east and west. To the southwest: Sangong and Jiuqing. To the west: Gubi. To the north: Qingtan. To the south: the Great River entered from Tongcheng at Shitanhe Mouth. Farther northeast, the Qinglian River entered from Lujiang as the Xi River, joined the Emao, Yong'an, and Zhizao streams, and formed Niqihe Mouth. Farther north lay Shentanghe Mouth. Farther east it passed Beixiaoqi Mountain; to its west was Tapu, where it entered He. To the north ran the Ruxu River, following the border from Chaohu past Qibao Mountain; farther east it became the Huangluo River, joined the Zhou, Yun, Machang, and Aolong rivers, and entered Hanshan as Yuxi. There was a garrison post. Four patrol offices: at Huangluo, Niqi, Aolong, and Tuqiao.

鳳陽府：沖，繁，疲，難。分巡鳳潁六泗道治所。元，濠州。明初升府曰臨濠。洪武二年為中都。六年改中立府。七年更名鳳陽，屬江南。順治初，因明制，領五州、十三縣，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。雍正三年，升潁、亳、泗三州為直隸州，分潁上、霍丘屬潁，太和、蒙城屬亳，盱眙、天長、五河屬泗。十一年，分壽州置鳳台縣。十三年，潁州府以亳州及所隸二縣屬之。乾隆二十年，省臨淮入鳳陽。四十二年，省虹縣入泗州。南距省治六百七十里。廣四百二十八里，袤四百八十里。北極高三十二度五十五分。京師偏東一度十二分。領州二，縣五。鳳陽沖，繁，疲。倚。明始析臨淮置。尋又割虹縣地益之，為府治。國初廢臨淮縣，省入。北：鳳凰山，府以此名。東北：烏雲山，出鍾乳。淮水自壽州入，逕城東北流入泗州。濠水出城南，有二源，至升高東有巨石絕水，即古濠梁，一名石樑河，東北入淮。渦水自蒙城入，逕城西北入懷遠。西：龍子河，源出南山，匯為湖，逕長淮關入淮。北：沫河，上承諸湖，逕城東北入淮，曰沫河口。東：溪河，一名大溪河，即古黃溪也。東：月明湖，北流入淮。東北：花園湖，東北，洪塘湖。東南：明孝陵，在縣西南，有城衛。順治七年，改設左衛，守備一。西北：長淮關。東北：臨淮關。鐵路所經：臨淮鄉、徐家橋、溪河集、蚌埠、小溪。有溪河集縣丞一。蚌埠鎮主簿一。臨淮鎮巡司一。驛三：王莊、濠梁、紅心。縣東南有鐵路。懷遠疲，難。府西北七十里。北：荊山。東南：塗山。南：平阿山。淮水自鳳台入，逕縣東，過荊、塗兩山間，會渦、濠、沙、淝諸水，合流入泗州。北淝水自蒙城入，至縣正義村，匯為巨浸，下流入靈壁。清溝自渦陽龍山湖東南流，合十湖、天堰諸水，至縣北會淝水，而水始大。舊自靈壁南至沫河口入淮。渦水自鳳陽入，逕城北，東入淮，謂之渦口。南：洛水，北流入淮，亦名洛澗。沙水自潁州入，經荊山南入淮。上窯龍元集有主簿一。洛河巡司一。定遠沖，繁。府南九十里。西北：橫澗山。東：銀嶺。南：池河，自巢入，東北逕盱眙入淮，謂之池口。西：洛河，上承苑馬塘，即淝水支流。二河俱入於淮。芡河從西至，逕城南會淮水。岱山鋪有汛。瀘橋主簿一。池河巡檢一。驛三：定遠、張橋、永康鎮。縣東有鐵路。鳳台繁，疲，難。府西南百八十里。明省入壽州治。雍正十一年，分壽州城東北隅增置。西北：八公山。東北：紫金山。南淝水自渦陽入，歷潁上，由峽口西入淮。西淝河一名夏肥水，自合肥入，至肥口入淮。白龍潭、顧家橋、石頭埠、劉家集、闞甿集有汛。闞甿集巡司一。驛二：太行、丁家集。壽州繁，疲，難。府西百八十里。壽春鎮總兵駐。城北：八公山，在淝北淮南，亦名北山。峽石山西北夾淮為險，在西岸為峽石，在東岸為壽陽山。西北：淮水自霍丘東逕正陽鎮，潁水流合焉，謂之潁口。又東至城北，淝水流合焉，謂之淝口，亦謂之淮口。又東北流入懷遠。淝水凡三。在州境者曰東淝河，在州東北，源出合肥雞鳴山。北流分為二，一東南入巢湖，一西北流至州入淮，乃淮南之淝水也。西北：潁水自潁州入，入淮處名潁尾。西：渒水自潁州入，北流達於淮，即沘水也。正陽關、瓦搗汛有汛，鳳陽通判駐。有稅關。正陽鎮巡司一。驛四：正陽關、安豐、姚皋店、瓦埠。宿州沖，繁，疲，難。府西北二百三十里。西北：相山、石山、土山。又諸陽山，一名睢陽山，在睢水之陽，睢水自河南永城入。南：澳水，一名濊水，今名澮河，亦自河南永城入，經靈壁東南入泗州五河。東南：沱水，出州東南紫蘆河，東流入靈壁，分二派，至泗州復合，由五河入淮，即洨水也。又北淝水，出州西龍山湖，本入渦，今入淮。西南：泡水，源出亳州舒安湖，流逕廢臨渙城，與澮水合。東南：澥河，亦東流入澮河，一名蟹河。睢水，州北，自河南入，逕相城故城，合瀆水及渒湖水，過陵子湖、崔家湖入泗州。宿州營原設都司一員，乾隆初改守備，嘉慶十一年又改都司。龍山、百善有分防營汛二。有衛。南平集，鳳潁捕盜同知一，州判一。時村集巡司一。驛四：大店、夾溝、睢陽、百善。城外有鐵路。靈壁沖，繁，疲，難。府西北百八十里。本虹縣靈壁鎮，宋始置縣。明屬宿州。清初降宿州，同隸鳳陽治。西南：齊眉。北：磬石。西：鳳凰山。北：黃河自江蘇徐州入，東南入睢寧，即古泗水。北淝水自懷遠入，逕城南，至鳳陽沫河口入睢。澮河、汴水、沱河皆自宿州入，逕縣境，下流入泗州，北小河上流即睢水，亦自宿州入，又東入江蘇睢寧。東有石湖，北有穆家湖、土山湖。雙興鎮州同一。固鎮有汛。巡司一。驛一：靈壁。

Fengyang Prefecture: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Feng-Ying-Liu-Si Circuit intendancy. Under the Yuan dynasty, it was Haozhou. In the early Ming it was elevated to a prefecture called Linhao. In the second year of the Hongwu reign it became the Central Capital. In the sixth year it was renamed the Neutral Prefecture. In the seventh year it was renamed Fengyang and placed under Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period, following Ming practice, it comprised five subprefectures and thirteen counties under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. In the third year of the Yongzheng reign, Ying, Bo, and Si were promoted to directly administered subprefectures; Yingshang and Huoqiu were transferred to Ying, Taihe and Mengcheng to Bo, and Xuyi, Tianchang, and Wuhe to Si. In the eleventh year, Fengtai County was carved out of Shouzhou. In the thirteenth year, Yingzhou Prefecture received Bozhou and its two subordinate counties. In the twentieth year of the Qianlong reign, Linhuai was abolished and merged into Fengyang. In the forty-second year, Hong County was abolished and merged into Sizhou. It lay six hundred seventy li south of the provincial capital. It measured four hundred twenty-eight li from east to west and four hundred eighty li from north to south. Its latitude was 32°55′ N. It lay 1°12′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised two subprefectures and five counties. Fengyang: strategically important, busy, and taxing. Seat county attached to the prefecture. Under the Ming it was first established by being split off from Linhuai. Soon afterward, territory from Hong County was added to it, making it the prefectural seat. At the founding of the dynasty, Linhuai County was abolished and merged into it. To the north: Fenghuang Mountain, from which the prefecture took its name. To the northeast: Wuyun Mountain, known for its stalactites. The Huai River entered from Shouzhou, passed northeast of the city, and flowed into Sizhou. The Hao River rose south of the city from two sources; east of Shenggao a great rock blocked the stream—the ancient Haoliang, also called the Shiliang River, which entered the Huai to the northeast. The Wo River entered from Mengcheng, passed northwest of the city, and flowed into Huaiyuan. To the west: the Longzi River, rising in the southern mountains, formed a lake, and entered the Huai through Changhuaiguan. To the north: the Mo River, fed by various lakes upstream, passed northeast of the city into the Huai at Mohekou. To the east: the Xi River, also known as the Daxi River—the ancient Huangxi. To the east: Yueming Lake, which drained north into the Huai River. To the northeast: Huayuan Lake; farther northeast, Hongtang Lake. To the southeast: the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, southwest of the county, guarded by a garrison. In the seventh year of the Shunzhi reign, the Left Guard was reorganized with one garrison commander. To the northwest: Changhuaiguan. To the northeast: Linhuaiguan. The railway passed through Linhuaixiang, Xujiaqiao, Xiheji, Bengbu, and Xiaoxi. There was one assistant magistrate at Xiheji. One registrar at Bengbu Market Town. One patrol office at Linhuai Market Town. Three post stations: Wangzhuang, Haoliang, and Hongxin. A railway ran through the southeast of the county. Huaiyuan: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay seventy li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Jing Mountain. To the southeast: Tu Mountain. To the south: Ping'a Mountain. The Huai River entered from Fengtai, passed east of the county between Jing and Tu mountains, joined the Wo, Hao, Sha, and Fei rivers, and flowed together into Sizhou. The North Fei River entered from Mengcheng, reached Zhengyi Village in the county, formed a vast sheet of water, and flowed downstream into Lingbi. Qinggou flowed southeast from Longshan Lake in Woyang, joined the Shihu, Tianyan, and other streams, and at the north of the county met the Fei River, where the stream became substantial. Formerly it entered the Huai from Lingbi south to Mohekou. The Wo River entered from Fengyang, passed north of the city, flowed east into the Huai at Wokou. To the south: the Luo River, which flowed north into the Huai River, also known as Luojian. The Sha River entered from Yingzhou, passed south of Jing Mountain, and joined the Huai River. There was one registrar at Shangyao Longyuanji. One patrol office at Luohe. Dingyuan: strategically important and busy. It lay ninety li south of the prefectural seat. To the northwest: Hengjian Mountain. To the east: Yinling. To the south: the Chi River, entering from Chao, flowing northeast through Xuyi into the Huai at Chikou. To the west: the Luo River, fed by Yuanmatang upstream—a tributary of the Fei River. Both rivers entered the Huai River. The Qian River came from the west, passed south of the city, and joined the Huai River. There was a garrison post at Daishan Post. One registrar at Luqiao. One patrol inspector at Chihe. Three post stations: Dingyuan, Zhangqiao, and Yongkang Market Town. A railway ran through the east of the county. Fengtai: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred eighty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was abolished and merged into the Shouzhou seat. In the eleventh year of the Yongzheng reign it was newly established from the northeast corner of Shouzhou city. To the northwest: Bagong Mountain. To the northeast: Zijin Mountain. The South Fei River entered from Woyang, passed through Yingshang, and joined the Huai west of Xiakou. The Xi Fei River, also known as the Xiafei River, entered from Hefei and joined the Huai at Feikou. There were garrison posts at Bailongtan, Gujiaqiao, Shitoubu, Liujiaji, and Kanmengji. One patrol office at Kanmengji. Two post stations: Taihang and Dingjiaji. Shouzhou: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred eighty li west of the prefectural seat. The regional commander was stationed at Shouchun Market Town. North of the city: Bagong Mountain, north of the Fei River and south of the Huai, also known as Beishan. Xiashi Mountain in the northwest flanked the Huai as a strategic barrier; on the west bank stood Xiashi, on the east bank Shouyang Mountain. To the northwest: the Huai River flowed east from Huoqiu through Zhengyang Market Town, where the Ying River joined it at Yingkou. Farther east to north of the city, the Fei River joined it at Feikou, also known as Huaikou. It then flowed northeast into Huaiyuan. There were three Fei rivers. Within the subprefecture was the East Fei River in the northeast, rising at Jiming Mountain in Hefei. Flowing north it split in two: one branch ran southeast into Chaohu Lake, the other northwest to the subprefecture and into the Huai—the Fei River south of the Huai. To the northwest: the Ying River entered from Yingzhou and joined the Huai at Yingwei. To the west: the Bi River entered from Yingzhou, flowed north to the Huai—the Yi River. There were garrison posts at Zhengyangguan and Wadao, where the Fengyang subprefect was stationed. There was a tax barrier. One patrol office at Zhengyang Market Town. Four post stations: Zhengyangguan, Anfeng, Yaogaodian, and Wabu. Suzhou: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred thirty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest: Xiang, Shi, and Tu mountains. Also Zhuyang Mountain, also known as Suiyang Mountain, on the south bank of the Sui River, which entered from Yongcheng in Henan. To the south: the Ao River, also called the Hui River and now known as the Hui River, entered from Yongcheng in Henan and passed southeast of Lingbi into Wuhe in Sizhou. To the southeast: the Tuo River rose from the Zilu River southeast of the subprefecture, flowed east into Lingbi, split in two, reunited at Sizhou, and entered the Huai through Wuhe—the Jiao River. Also the North Fei River, rising from Longshan Lake west of the subprefecture, formerly entered the Wo River but now joined the Huai. To the southwest: the Pao River rose at Shu'an Lake in Bozhou, flowed past the abandoned Linhuan city, and joined the Hui River. To the southeast: the Xie River also flowed east into the Hui River, also known as the Crab River. North of the subprefecture, the Sui River entered from Henan, passed the old Xiangcheng city, joined the Du River and Bihu Lake waters, passed Lingzi and Cuijia lakes, and entered Sizhou. The Suzhou garrison originally had a regional commander; in the early Qianlong reign this became a garrison commander, and in the eleventh year of Jiaqing it reverted to regional commander. There were two sub-garrison posts at Longshan and Baishan. There was a guard unit. At Nanpingji there was one Feng-Ying bandit-suppression subprefect and one subprefectural judge. One patrol office at Shicunji. Four post stations: Dadian, Jiagou, Suiyang, and Baishan. A railway ran outside the city walls. Lingbi: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Originally Lingbi Market Town in Hong County; county status was first established in the Song dynasty. Under the Ming it fell under Suzhou. In the early Qing Suzhou was demoted, and both were subordinate to Fengyang. To the southwest: Qimei. To the north: Qingshi. To the west: Fenghuang Mountain. To the north: the Yellow River entered from Xuzhou in Jiangsu and flowed southeast into Suining—the ancient Si River. The North Fei River entered from Huaiyuan, passed south of the city, and at Mohekou in Fengyang joined the Sui River. The Hui, Bian, and Tuo rivers all entered from Suzhou, passed through the county, and flowed downstream into Sizhou; the upper reach of the North Xiao River was the Sui River, also entering from Suzhou and flowing east into Suining in Jiangsu. To the east lay Shihu Lake; to the north lay Mujia and Tushan lakes. One subprefectural judge was stationed at Shuangxing Market Town. There was a garrison post at Guzhen. One patrol office. One post station: Lingbi.

潁州府：繁，疲，難。隸鳳潁六泗道。明，潁州，屬鳳陽府。順治初，因明制，與潁上、太和二縣俱屬鳳陽。雍正二年，升直隸州，改隸安徽省，以潁上暨霍丘來屬，分太和屬亳州。十三年升府，增設阜陽縣，降亳州及所隸太和、蒙城二縣來屬隸。東南距省治八百四十里。廣二百一十里，袤二百二十里。北極高三十二度五十八分。京師偏西三十二分。領州一，縣六。阜陽繁，疲，難。倚。西：七旗嶺、金牛嶺。縣西南：仁勝崗。南：安舟崗。淮水自河南固始入，逕城南三河尖入鳳陽。潁水自河南登封入，逕城北東流，茨河、谷河來入之。北：沙河，承太和諸湖水亦來會。西：柳河，承小汝河、白洋湖諸水，並納於潁。東南流，至沫河口達於淮。西：舊黃河，原經城北合潁水。自河徙鹿邑，黃流遂絕。西北：沈丘鎮，即古寢丘。巡檢一。包家寨、永安鎮、西洋集、驛口橋有汛。王家集，通判一，縣丞一。一驛：橋口。潁上疲，難。府東南百二十里。西南：黃崗。東南：垂崗。北：管谷。西南：淮水自阜陽入，合清河、大潤河，至西正陽城，折東北八里垛。潁水自潁州入，逕漢慎縣，合烏江水，又東南合樊家湖，至城東。又東南，右合老梧岡湖來會，潁謂潁尾也，又東北入鳳台。其北花水澗、袿溝、濟水入鳳台。八里垛有汛。一驛：甘城。霍丘繁，疲，難。府東南二百九十里。明屬壽州。雍正初，改隸潁。南：九仙、九丈潭。西：長山，三山相連。西北：臨水山。淮水自河南固始入。西南：史家河自六安入，逕葉家集，錯固始復入，合曲河，至三河尖來會。又東合眾水，逕義城廢縣，分𣴛河、渒河入鳳台。𣴛河亦入淮。葉家集有汛。洪家集、三河尖二巡司。開順集巡司、典史各一。亳州沖，繁，難。府北百八十里。明初降為縣，尋復故，屬鳳陽府。雍正十三年仍降屬州來隸。西：渦河，自河南鹿邑入，北馬尚河，合流入蒙城。馬尚河在城北，自河南商丘汴河分流，逕州境，包河來注之，下流入渦。其支流入河南永城，謂之澮水。南：淝河自河南鹿邑入，流至州境孟家橋，東流，逕城南入太和。又逕州之龍德寺入阜陽，即夏肥水也。西北聶家湖、花馬潭，東南百尺溝，均入渦。東：義門鎮。龍德寺集、翟家集有汛。州同一，駐丁園寺集。渦陽沖，繁，難。府東北二百七十里。同治三年，割阜陽、亳州、蒙城及鳳陽府之宿州地增置。南：雲夢山。東北：龍山。北：石弓山。北淝河自亳州入，瀦為白湖窪，又東入蒙城。渦河亦自亳入，會五毒溝、龍鳳溝、梭溝、銀溝、金溝諸水始大，東南流，逕蒙城，達懷遠，入淮。西南：蔡湖，亦入渦。東南西洋有汛。西北義門集巡司一。太和繁，疲，難。府西北八十里。明屬鳳陽。雍正間改隸潁。北：萬壽山。沙河自河南沈丘入，逕城南，達亳州，入潁，即潁水上流。東北：茨河，自河南鹿邑入，又東南入沙河，故沙河亦蒙茨河之名。其支流為宋塘河，流逕宋王城入穀河。穀河自西北臥龍岡分流入茨，銘河從之。南：柳河，舊黃河支流也，上通河南項城，下達潁州，合城西舒陽河入沙河。青泥淺有汛。洪山巡司及典史各一。蒙城繁，疲，難。府東北百八十里。順治初屬亳州，尋同太和改隸潁。西北：駝山、狼山。北：檀城山。渦水自渦陽入，逕城北，再折而東，南流，由懷遠渦口入淮。北淝河逕城北板橋集入鳳陽。雙澗集有汛。

Yingzhou Prefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Feng-Ying-Liu-Si Circuit intendancy. Under the Ming dynasty, Yingzhou fell under Fengyang Prefecture. In the early Shunzhi period, following Ming practice, it and Yingshang and Taihe counties all fell under Fengyang. In the second year of the Yongzheng reign it was promoted to directly administered subprefectural status and transferred to An Hui Province, with Yingshang and Huoqiu placed under it while Taihe was assigned to Bozhou. In the thirteenth year it was elevated to prefectural status; Fuyang County was added, and Bozhou together with Taihe and Mengcheng counties were reduced and placed under its jurisdiction. It lay eight hundred forty li southeast of the provincial capital. It measured two hundred ten li from east to west and two hundred twenty li from north to south. Its latitude was 32°58′ N. It lay 32′ west of the capital's meridian. It comprised one subprefecture and six counties. Fuyang: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat county attached to the prefecture. To the west: Qiqi Ridge and Jinniu Ridge. Southwest of the county: Rensheng Ridge. To the south: Anzhou Ridge. The Huai River entered from Gushi in Henan, passed south of the city at Sanhejian, and entered Fengyang. The Ying River entered from Dengfeng in Henan, passed north of the city and flowed east, joined by the Ci and Gu rivers. To the north: the Sha River, fed by Taihe lake waters, also joined the Ying. To the west: the Liu River, fed by the Xiao Ru River, Baiyang Lake, and other streams, all drained into the Ying. Flowing southeast, it reached the Huai at Mohekou. To the west: the old Yellow River, which originally passed north of the city and joined the Ying River. After the river shifted course to Luyi, the Yellow River flow ceased here. To the northwest: Shenqiu Market Town—the ancient Shenqiu. One patrol inspector. There were garrison posts at Baojiazhai, Yong'an Market Town, Xiyangji, and Yikouqiao. At Wangjiaji there was one subprefect and one assistant magistrate. One post station: Qiaokou. Yingshang: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred twenty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the southwest: Huanggang. To the southeast: Chuigang. To the north: Guangu. To the southwest: the Huai River entered from Fuyang, joined the Qing and Darun rivers, reached Xizhengyang city, and turned northeast to Baliduo. The Ying River entered from Yingzhou, passed Hanshen County, joined the Wujiang River, then southeast joined Fanjia Lake and reached east of the city. Farther southeast the Old Wugang Lake joined on the right—this was Yingwei—then the river flowed northeast into Fengtai. North of it the Huashuijian, Guigou, and Ji rivers flowed into Fengtai. There was a garrison post at Baliduo. One post station: Gancheng. Huoqiu: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it fell under Shouzhou. In the early Yongzheng reign it was transferred to Ying's jurisdiction. To the south: Jiuxian and Jiuzhangtan. To the west: Chang Mountain, three connected peaks. To the northwest: Linshui Mountain. The Huai River entered from Gushi in Henan. To the southwest: the Shijia River entered from Lu'an, passed Yejiaji, crossed into and back from Gushi, joined the Qu River, and met the Huai at Sanhejian. Farther east it joined many streams, passed the abandoned Yicheng county, and sent the Pi and Bi rivers into Fengtai. The Pi River also joined the Huai. There was a garrison post at Yejiaji. Two patrol offices: at Hongjiaji and Sanhejian. At Kaishunji there was one patrol office and one registrar. Bozhou: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred eighty li north of the prefectural seat. In the early Ming it was demoted to county status, soon restored, and placed under Fengyang Prefecture. In the thirteenth year of the Yongzheng reign it was again reduced to subordinate subprefectural status and placed under this jurisdiction. To the west: the Wo River entered from Luyi in Henan; to the north the Mashang River joined and flowed into Mengcheng. The Mashang River ran north of the city, branching from the Bian River at Shangqiu in Henan, passing through the subprefecture, receiving the Bao River, and flowing downstream into the Wo River. Its branch flowed into Yongcheng in Henan, where it was called the Hui River. To the south: the Fei River entered from Luyi in Henan, reached Mengjiaqiao in the subprefecture, flowed east past the south side of the city, and entered Taihe. It also passed Longde Temple in the subprefecture and entered Fuyang—the Xiafei River. Northwest: Niejiia Lake and Huamatan; southeast: Baichigou—all drained into the Wo River. To the east: Yimen Market Town. There were garrison posts at Longdesiji and Zhajiaji. One subprefectural judge was stationed at Dingyuansiji. Guoyang: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred seventy li northeast of the prefectural seat. In the third year of the Tongzhi reign, it was established from territory carved out of Fuyang, Bozhou, Mengcheng, and Suzhou in Fengyang Prefecture. To the south: Yunmeng Mountain. To the northeast: Long Mountain. To the north: Shigong Mountain. The North Fei River entered from Bozhou, pooled at Baihuwa, and flowed east into Mengcheng. The Wo River also entered from Bozhou, gathered the Wudu, Longfeng, Suo, Yin, and Jin gullies before becoming substantial, flowed southeast through Mengcheng and Huaiyuan, and joined the Huai River. To the southwest: Cai Lake, which also drained into the Wo River. There was a garrison post at Xiyang in the southeast. One patrol office at Yimenji in the northwest. Taihe: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it fell under Fengyang. During the Yongzhi reign it was transferred to Ying's jurisdiction. To the north: Wanshou Mountain. The Sha River entered from Shenqiu in Henan, passed south of the city, reached Bozhou, and joined the Ying—the upper reach of the Ying River. To the northeast: the Ci River entered from Luyi in Henan and flowed southeast into the Sha River; hence the Sha River also bore the name Ci River. Its tributary was the Songtang River, which flowed past Songwang city into the Gu River. The Gu River branched from Wolong Ridge in the northwest into the Ci River, followed by the Ming River. To the south: the Liu River, an old Yellow River tributary connecting upstream to Xiangcheng in Henan and downstream to Yingzhou, joined the Shuyang River west of the city and entered the Sha River. There was a garrison post at Qingniqian. There was one patrol office and one registrar at Hongshan. Mengcheng: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred eighty li northeast of the prefectural seat. In the early Shunzhi period it fell under Bozhou; soon afterward, together with Taihe, it was transferred to Ying's jurisdiction. To the northwest: Tuo and Lang mountains. To the north: Tancheng Mountain. The Wo River entered from Guoyang, passed north of the city, turned east, flowed south, and joined the Huai at Wokou in Huaiyuan. The North Fei River passed Banqiaoji north of the city and flowed into Fengyang. There was a garrison post at Shuangjianji.

徽州府：繁，疲，難。隸徽寧池太廣道。明，徽州府，屬江南。順治初因之，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。西北距省治五百七十里。廣三百九十里，袤二百二十里。北極高二十九度五十七分。京師偏東二度四分。領縣六。歙縣繁，疲。倚。南：紫陽山。東：問政山。西北：黃山，舊名黟山，盤亙三百餘里，浙、歙、饒、池諸山皆支脈也。豐樂水出黃山，流至城西合揚之水。揚之水自績溪入，達城西，名練溪，一名徽溪，南達歙浦，謂之浦口，為新安江上流，下至浙江建德，與東陽江合，為浙江上源。歙浦在縣南，練江、漸江合流於此。又南昌溪，北洪武水，皆足溉田。明初設課稅局，兼置巡司，今廢。阮溪司、黃山、街口渡巡司三。驛一：歙縣。休寧繁，疲。府西六十里。北：松蘿。東：萬安山。西：白岳。西北：率山。率水出其陽，水南下而西流者會於彭蠡。其北水分二支：一出梅溪口入祁門，合孚溪水；一出彭沍阬口，會流至縣西江潭，合浙溪水，流逕南港、東港，會於率口，入歙浦，其下流為新安江。南：汊水出白際山，與佩琅水、璜源水合流，繞縣南岐陽山下，因名汊水，又北流入浙溪。西：白鶴溪，源出黟縣吉陽山，合夾源、夾溪二水，逕縣南，與南港、東港合流入屯溪。屯溪，縣東南，為茶務都會，鹽捕同知駐此。太廈鎮巡司。一驛：休寧。婺源繁，疲。府西南二百四十里。北：浙源山，浙溪出，下流入休寧。梅源水出西梅源山，合武溪。婺水出西北大廣山，南會斜水入武溪。武溪水出北回嶺下，下流逕江西樂平入鄱陽湖。縣境之水，出自縣東及東北者，會流於汪口之西，為北港；出自縣北者，會流於清華之西，為西港。北至武口，二水合流，繞城而西，又西南流入江西德興，下流注鄱陽湖。項村巡司。一驛：婺源。祁門疲，難。府西百八十里。西：新安。東北：祁山。北：大共，亦大洪，巡司駐。大共水西流，合武亭及禾戍嶺水，至秀溪、霄溪下閭門灘，會大北港水，注倒湖，入江西浮梁。西武陵、騄溪二水，東南王公峰水，西南新安、盧溪二水，皆入大共。大洪巡司。一驛：祁門。黟縣簡。府西北百四十里。縣以黟山名，即今黃山也。西南：林歷。東北：吉陽，吉陽水出，一名黟水，西南流，北牛泉水東南來注之。又東南過噎澤，至白茅渡，會橫江水。橫江水南出武亭山，章水自東南流縣西來合之，至魚亭口，會魚亭水，復東流，合吉陽水，入休寧。西：武關，接祁門界。一驛：黟縣。績溪疲，難。府東北六十里。唐始分歙縣地置。東：大障山，一名玉山，山海經三天子鄣山即此。東北：巃鷁山，其山四合，中一徑通寧國。舊有叢山關，其下巧溪，亦名揚溪，流為揚之水，分二支，一北流入寧國，一南流至大屏山，乳溪水、徽水來注之。東北：大障水，會登水，合為臨溪。又西會上溪水，入練溪。東績溪源亦出揚溪，與徽水交流如績，縣名昉此。西北：太平鎮有徽嶺關。濠寨巡司。一驛：績溪。

Huizhou Prefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Hui-Ning-Chi-Tai-Guang Circuit intendancy. Under the Ming dynasty, Huizhou Prefecture fell under Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. It lay five hundred seventy li northwest of the provincial capital. It measured three hundred ninety li from east to west and two hundred twenty li from north to south. Its latitude was 29°57′ N. It lay 2°04′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised six counties. She County: busy and taxing. Seat county attached to the prefecture. To the south: Ziyang Mountain. To the east: Wenzheng Mountain. To the northwest: Huang Mountain, formerly called Yi Mountain, stretched over three hundred li; the mountains of Zhe, She, Rao, and Chi were all its offshoots. The Fengle River rose on Huang Mountain, flowed to the west side of the city, and joined the Yang River. The Yang River entered from Jixi and reached the west side of the city as Lianxi, also known as Huixi; it ran south to Shepu, called Pukou—the upper reach of the Xin'an River—which downstream at Jiande in Zhejiang joined the Dongyang River to form the upper source of the Qiantang River. Shepu lay south of the county, where the Lian and Jian rivers joined. The Nanchang and Beihongwu streams also provided ample irrigation. In the early Ming a tax collection bureau was established with an attached patrol office; both have since been abolished. Three patrol offices: at Ruanxi, Huangshan, and Jiekoudu. One post station: She County. Xiuning: busy and taxing. It lay sixty li west of the prefectural seat. To the north: Songluo. To the east: Wan'an Mountain. To the west: Baiyue. To the northwest: Shuai Mountain. The Shuai River rose on its sunny slope; streams flowing south and then west joined at Poyang Lake. Its northern waters split in two: one issued from Meixikou into Qimen and joined the Fuxi River; the other issued from Pengchikengkou, united at Jiangtan west of the county, joined the Zhexi River, flowed through Nangang and Donggang, met at Shuaikou, and entered Shepu—its lower reach was the Xin'an River. To the south: the Cha River rose on Baijie Mountain, joined the Peilang and Huangyuan rivers, circled south of the county below Qiyang Mountain—hence its name—and flowed north into the Zhexi River. To the west: the Baihe River rose at Jiyang Mountain in Yi County, joined the Jiayuan and Jiaxi rivers, passed south of the county, and with Nangang and Donggang flowed into Tunxi. Tunxi, southeast of the county, was a major tea-trade center where the salt-suppression subprefect was stationed. Patrol office at Taixia Market Town. One post station: Xiuning. Wuyuan: busy and taxing. It lay two hundred forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Zheyuan Mountain, source of the Zhexi River, which flowed downstream into Xiuning. The Meiyuan River rose on West Meiyuan Mountain and joined the Wu River. The Wu River rose on Daguang Mountain in the northwest; farther south it met the Xie River and joined the Wu River. The Wuxi River rose below Beihuiling and downstream passed Leping in Jiangxi to enter Poyang Lake. Streams within the county rising in the east and northeast united west of Wangkou as Beigang; those rising in the north united west of Qinghua as Xigang. North to Wukou the two rivers united, circled the city to the west, then flowed southwest into Dexing in Jiangxi and downstream into Poyang Lake. Patrol office at Xiang Village. One post station: Wuyuan. Qimen: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred eighty li west of the prefectural seat. To the west: Xin'an. To the northeast: Qi Mountain. To the north: Dagong, also known as Dahong, where a patrol office was stationed. The Dagong River flowed west, joined the Wuting and Heshuling streams, reached Lumen Beach below Xiuxi and Xiaoxi, met the Dabeigang River, entered Daohu Lake, and flowed into Fuliang in Jiangxi. To the west: the Wuling and Lüxi rivers; to the southeast: the Wanggongfeng River; to the southwest: the Xin'an and Luxi rivers—all drained into the Dagong River. Patrol office at Dahong. One post station: Qimen. Yi County: administratively light. It lay one hundred forty li northwest of the prefectural seat. The county took its name from Yi Mountain—present-day Huang Mountain. To the southwest: Linli. To the northeast: Jiyang, source of the Jiyang River, also known as the Yi River, which flowed southwest as the Beiniu Spring joined from the southeast. Farther southeast it passed Yeze, reached Baimaodu, and joined the Hengjiang River. The Hengjiang River rose south of Wuting Mountain; the Zhang River flowed from the southeast west of the county to join it; at Yutingkou it met the Yuting River, turned east, joined the Jiyang River, and entered Xiuning. To the west: Wuguan, on the border with Qimen. One post station: Yi County. Jixi: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay sixty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Tang it was first established from territory carved out of She County. To the east: Dazhang Mountain, also known as Yushan—the Three Heavenly Son Zhang Mountains of the Classic of Mountains and Seas. To the northeast: Longyi Mountain, enclosed on four sides with a single path through to Ningguo. Formerly there was Congshan Pass; below it the Qiaoxi, also known as Yangxi, became the Yang River, which split in two—one branch flowing north into Ningguo, the other south to Daping Mountain, where the Ruxi and Hui rivers joined. To the northeast: the Dazhang River joined the Deng River to form Linxi. Farther west it joined the Shangxi River and entered Lianxi. To the east: the Jixi River also rose from Yangxi and interwove with the Hui River like a braid—the county took its name from this. To the northwest: Huiling Pass at Taiping Market Town. Patrol office at Haozhai. One post station: Jixi.

寧國府：繁，難。隸徽寧池太廣道。明，寧國府，屬江南。順治初因之，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。西北距省治四百三十里。廣二百二十里，袤三百三十五里。北極高二十度二分。京師偏東二度十六分。領縣六。宣城繁，疲，難。倚。響山，縣南。城內：陵陽山。城北隅：敬亭山。南：響山。東南：華陽山，盤亙宣、涇、寧、旌四縣，華陽之水出焉。東流逕魯山為魯顯水。又東北流為魯溪，會句溪、宛溪、雙溪，北流入青草湖，復合南湖、慈溪，由蕪湖入江。東北有大南崎、小南崎湖。又綏溪一名白河，納廣德、建平諸水，入南湖。西：青弋江，漢志為青水，一名冷水，自涇縣入，匯西南境諸水，東北流，會太平黃池河，入蕪湖。北灣沚河有鎮，今為鹽埠，漕運並會此。其水出揚青口，亦會黃池河。西：青弋關。水陽鎮巡司。西河、楊柳鋪、沈村並有汛。一驛：宣城。寧國簡。府東北九十里。南：鳳山。東：銀山。南：巃鷁山。徽水自績溪入，合仙人洞、篁嶺、滑渡、葛村、龍潭諸水，是為西溪。又東北流合東溪。東溪出浙江天目山，入縣境，合湯公山、博里溪塘、千頃山、洋丁山諸水，流為杭水，北受宣城柏梘溪水，是為句溪上源。岳山、湖樂二巡司。一驛：寧國。涇疲，難。府南百里。西南：石柱。東北：幙山。北：琴高。西南：藍山。南：涇水自旌德入，北流，一名藤溪，納楓村、小溪諸水，北入岩潭，與賞溪合。賞溪上源為舒溪、麻川，二水相合，出麻口，入縣境，會烏石水。藤溪，北流至城西南，納烏溪、西阬水、幙溪水，又北逕馬頭山蘆塘入青弋江。琴溪東北受曹溪、丁溪水，與賞溪合。南花林、方村二水，併入賞溪。東南有蘭石鎮、黃沙鎮。縣丞一，駐查村。茹麻嶺巡司一。一驛：涇縣。太平疲，難。府西南二百二十里。唐析涇縣地置。西：龍門。南：黃山，麻川出其麓，與舒溪合流，入涇之賞溪。梅溪水出縣北三門山，合麻川，為麻口。又有瀼、鐍二溪水，亦同注麻川。浮丘垣、譚家橋有汛。宏潭鎮巡司。一驛：太平。旌德繁，難。府南二百二十里。唐永泰中，始析太平縣置。東南：大鰲石島。北：石壁。西南：蛟山、天井。徽水自績溪入，南合清潭，霞溪水自東溪來注。又合績溪之龍頭水，北過石壁山，與抱麟溪、玉溪水合，是名三溪。北至龍首山入涇縣，為涇水上源。抱鱗溪源出黃華嶺，東流，與陶環溪、豐溪合，亦曰三溪。陶環溪即玉溪也。有分防營汛一。三溪鎮巡司。一驛：旌德。南陵繁，難。府西九十里。南：呂山，有泉湧出，即淮水之源也。南流至孔鎮浦，與漳水合，為澄清河。繞城東流為東溪，一名浣溪。縣南鵝嶺諸溪水皆匯焉。又北受籍山、後港、蒲橋諸水，為小淮河，併入蕪湖石硊渡入青弋江。西港源出玉山朗陵之南，合諸水北流，自西南水門入城，繞治前過東市，曰中港，其出城西北水門者曰後港。鵝嶺鎮巡司一。一驛：公館。

Ningguo Prefecture: busy and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Hui-Ning-Chi-Tai-Guang Circuit intendancy. Under the Ming dynasty, Ningguo Prefecture fell under Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. It lay four hundred thirty li northwest of the provincial capital. It measured two hundred twenty li from east to west and three hundred thirty-five li from north to south. Its latitude was 20°02′ N. It lay 2°16′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised six counties. Xuancheng: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat county attached to the prefecture. Xiang Mountain lay south of the county. Within the city walls: Lingyang Mountain. At the north corner of the city: Jingting Mountain. To the south: Xiang Mountain. To the southeast: Huayang Mountain, stretching across Xuancheng, Jing, Ning, and Jingde counties, source of the Huayang River. Flowing east past Lu Mountain it became the Luxian River. Farther northeast it became Luxi, joined the Ju, Wan, and Shuang rivers, flowed north into Qingcao Lake, rejoined Nanhu and Cixi, and reached the Great River through Wuhu. To the northeast lay Dananqi and Xiaonanqi lakes. Also the Suixi, also known as the Bai River, received waters from Guangde and Jianping and entered Nanhu. To the west: the Qingyi River, called Qing River in the Han Records and also known as Lengshui, entered from Jing County, gathered southwestern streams, flowed northeast, joined the Huangchi River in Taiping, and entered Wuhu. At Beiwanzhi River stood a market town, now a salt port where grain transport also converged. Its water issued from Yangqingkou and also joined the Huangchi River. To the west: Qingyi Pass. Patrol office at Shuiyang Market Town. There were garrison posts at Xihe, Yangliupu, and Shen Village. One post station: Xuancheng. Ningguo: administratively light. It lay ninety li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Feng Mountain. To the east: Yin Mountain. To the south: Longyi Mountain. The Hui River entered from Jixi, joined the Xianrendong, Huangling, Huadu, Gecun, and Longtan streams—forming the Xi River. Farther northeast it joined the Dongxi River. The Dongxi River rose on Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, entered the county, gathered waters from Tanggong Mountain, Bolixitang, Qianqing Mountain, and Yangdingshan, became the Hang River, and north received the Baixixi River from Xuancheng—the upper source of the Juxi River. Two patrol offices: at Yueshan and Hule. One post station: Ningguo. Jing: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred li south of the prefectural seat. To the southwest: Shizhu. To the northeast: Mo Mountain. To the north: Qingao. To the southwest: Lan Mountain. To the south: the Jing River entered from Jingde, flowed north as Tengxi, received the Fengcun and Xiaoxi streams, entered Yantan, and joined the Shang River. The upper source of the Shang River was the Shu and Machuan rivers; the two united at Makou, entered the county, and met the Wushi River. Tengxi flowed north to the southwest of the city, received the Wuxi, Xikeng, and Moxi rivers, then north past Matou Mountain Lutang into the Qingyi River. Qingxi received the Cao and Dingxi rivers from the northeast and joined the Shang River. To the south: the Hualin and Fangcun rivers both drained into the Shang River. To the southeast: Lanshi and Huangsha market towns. One assistant magistrate was stationed at Zhacun. One patrol office at Rumaling. One post station: Jing County. Taiping: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred twenty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Tang it was established from territory carved out of Jing County. To the west: Longmen. To the south: Huang Mountain; the Machuan rose on its foothills, joined the Shu River, and entered Jing's Shang River. The Meixi River rose on Sanmen Mountain north of the county, joined the Machuan, and formed Makou. The Rang and Jue streams also drained into the Machuan. There were garrison posts at Fuqiuyuan and Tanjiaqiao. Patrol office at Hongtan Market Town. One post station: Taiping. Jingde: busy and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred twenty li south of the prefectural seat. In the Yongtai period of the Tang it was first established by being split off from Taiping County. To the southeast: Da'aoshi Isle. To the north: Shibi. To the southwest: Jiao Mountain and Tianjing. The Hui River entered from Jixi, joined Qingtan to the south, and received the Xiaxi River from Dongxi. It also joined the Longtou River of Jixi, passed north of Shibi Mountain, and joined the Baolin and Yuxi rivers—the Three Streams. North to Longshou Mountain it entered Jing County as the upper source of the Jing River. The Baolin River rose at Huanghua Ridge, flowed east, joined the Taohuan and Fengxi rivers—also called the Three Streams. The Taohuan River is the Yuxi River. There was one sub-garrison post. Patrol office at Sanxi Market Town. One post station: Jingde. Nanling: busy and difficult to administer. It lay ninety li west of the prefectural seat. To the south: Lü Mountain, where a spring gushed forth—the source of the Huai River. Flowing south to Kongzhenpu it joined the Zhang River to form the Chengqing River. It circled the city and flowed east as Dongxi, also known as Huanxi. All streams south of the county at Eling gathered here. Farther north it received waters from Jishan, Hougang, and Puqiao, forming the Xiao Huai River, which together entered the Qingyi River at Shizidu in Wuhu. Xigang rose south of Langling on Yushan, gathered northern streams, entered the city through the southwest water gate, passed before the yamen and through Dongshi as Zhonggang; the stream exiting the northwest water gate was called Hougang. One patrol office at Eling Market Town. One post station: Gongguan.

池州府：沖，疲。隸徽寧池太道。明，池州府，屬江南。順治初因之，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。西北距省治一百二十里。廣三百七十里，袤二百三十五里。北極高三十度四十五分。京師偏東五十九分。領縣六。貴池沖，繁。倚。西南：大雄山。東：碧山，濱湖。南：大棕。西：烏石。大江自東流緣界逕縣北至吉陽河，北折至大通河，入銅陵。西：貴池水，一名池口河，北達大江，古稱貴口。大通河東北與銅陵界。梅根河自青陽入，至縣東斗龍山，沿五埠河口，合雙河，北注大江。一名梅根港，又曰錢溪，為歷代鑄錢之所。東北：清溪河，源出洘溪者為上清溪，出南太僕山者為下清溪，俱東北入江。西南：秋浦。西北：池口鎮。黃龍磯廢巡司一。殷家匯汛一。池口驛一。李陽河鎮巡司一。碧湖村縣丞一。青陽沖，難。府東八十里。北：青山。西南：九華，原名九子山，梅根水出，流入貴池。大江逕縣北百里，濱江有鎮曰大通，鹽茶所集。西：五溪俱出九華山，合流北匯為大通河。臨城河亦西流會於大通河。南：博山河、三溪河、七溪河，均下流入石埭。東南：陵陽鎮有廢司。五溪汛。一驛：青陽。銅陵沖，繁。府東北百二十里。東：銅井、杏山。北：鵲頭山，古名鵲頭戍。西：雲門。南：伏牛、石耳。西南：大江自貴池入，合大通河。大通河別派匯縣南之車橋湖，至大通鎮入江。北：天門水，出天門山，由縣東北至荻港達江，為境內眾水合流入江之口，匯而為河，縣東湖城所出之順安河來合焉。西接鳳心徬，北接黃滸。鳳心徬河會東湖、西湖水達荻港。黃滸河東北自南陵入，西流合荻港。棲鳳湖在縣東南，源出儀鳳嶺，下流通鳳心徬。西南和悅州，一名荷葉洲，汛一。並有大通營水師駐此。池太分防同知一。大通鎮巡檢一。驛一：銅陵。石埭疲，難。府東南百六十里。西：城子、雨台。南：蓋山、慈雲。北：陵陽。池口河源出櫟山，西流，經龍鬚河，會蒼隼潭，為秋浦，貢溪水西來入之。西：管溪，源亦出櫟山，至管口入石埭鄉，與大洪嶺水合。西南：鴻陵溪，西北流，合舒溪，自太平西北流入縣西舒泉鄉，合縣南之佘溪、前溪，縣北縣西之後溪、岳溪，西南之船溪，東入太平。縣西有巨石三，橫亙溪中，曰頭埭、中埭、下埭，縣名以此。有汛一。驛一：石埭。建德簡。府西南百八十里。治白象山麓。南：玉峰、南豐。西南：梅山。東南：艮木嶺，黃湓河出焉，東流入貴池。前河出東南石門嶺，匯為官池。後河出石門別嶺，亦名石門溪，一曰南河，流至雙河口，與貴池西溪水合，入東流。南：龍口河，縣南迤入江西饒州府之獨山湖。南：永豐鎮。有汛一。巡司一。東流沖，疲。府西百八十里。南：馬當山，橫枕江流，險。安慶、宿松、江西之彭澤，皆以此山為界。西南：大江，自馬當東北流，逕香口、青陽諸鎮，至黃湓河入貴池。城西江口河、南東流河、香口河，下流皆入江。南黃金、白洋二湖，東大清湖，亦皆入江。黃石磯，

Chizhou Prefecture: strategically important and taxing. Subordinate to the Hui-Ning-Chi-Tai Circuit intendancy. Under the Ming dynasty, Chizhou Prefecture fell under Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. It lay one hundred twenty li northwest of the provincial capital. It measured three hundred seventy li from east to west and two hundred thirty-five li from north to south. Its latitude was 30°45′ N. It lay 59′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised six counties. Guichi: strategically important and busy. Seat county attached to the prefecture. To the southwest: Daxiong Mountain. To the east: Bishan, on the lakeshore. To the south: Dazong. To the west: Wushi. The Great River flowed east along the border, passed north of the county to the Jiyang River, turned north to the Datong River, and entered Tongling. To the west: the Guichi River, also known as the Chikou River, reaching north to the Great River—anciently called Guikou. The Datong River bordered Tongling to the northeast. The Meigen River entered from Qingyang, reached Doulong Mountain east of the county, joined the Shuang River at Wubukou, and flowed north into the Great River. Also known as Meigang Harbor and Qianxi—the site where coin was cast in successive dynasties. To the northeast: the Qingxi River; the stream from Kaoxi was Upper Qingxi, that from Nantaipu Mountain was Lower Qingxi—both entered the Great River to the northeast. To the southwest: Qiupu. To the northwest: Chikou Market Town. One abolished patrol office at Huanglongji. One garrison post at Yinjiahui. One post station at Chikou. One patrol office at Liyanghe Market Town. One assistant magistrate at Bihucun. Qingyang: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay eighty li east of the prefectural seat. To the north: Qingshan. To the southwest: Jiuhua, formerly called Jiuzi Mountain, source of the Meigen River, which flowed into Guichi. The Great River passed one hundred li north of the county; on the riverbank stood Datong Market Town, a center for salt and tea. To the west: five streams all rose on Jiuhua Mountain, united, and gathered north as the Datong River. The Lincheng River also flowed west and joined the Datong River. To the south: the Boshan, Sanxi, and Qixi rivers all flowed downstream into Shidi. To the southeast: at Lingyang Market Town there was an abolished office. Garrison post at Wuxi. One post station: Qingyang. Tongling: strategically important and busy. It lay one hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: Tongjing and Xingshan. To the north: Quetou Mountain, anciently known as Quetou Garrison. To the west: Yunmen. To the south: Funiu and Shier. To the southwest: the Great River entered from Guichi and joined the Datong River. A branch of the Datong River gathered at Cheqiao Lake south of the county and entered the Great River at Datong Market Town. To the north: the Tianmen River rose on Tianmen Mountain and from the county northeast reached the Great River at Digang—the mouth where all streams within the border united; the Shun'an River from Donghucheng in the east also joined. To the west it connected to Fengxinbang; to the north to Huangxu. The Fengxinbang River joined the waters of Donghu and Xihu and reached Digang. The Huangxu River entered northeast from Nanling, flowed west, and joined Digang. Qifeng Lake lay southeast of the county; it rose at Yifeng Ridge and downstream connected to Fengxinbang. To the southwest: Heyue Subprefecture, also known as Heye Isle; one garrison post. The Datong garrison naval force was also stationed here. One Chi-Tai sub-garrison subprefect. One patrol inspector at Datong Market Town. One post station: Tongling. Shidi: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred sixty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west: Chengzi and Yutai. To the south: Gaishan and Ciyun. To the north: Lingyang. The Chikou River rose at Lishan, flowed west through the Longxu River, joined Cangsun Pool to become Qiupu, and received the Gongxi River from the west. To the west: the Guanxi River, also rising at Lishan, reached Guankou in Shidi township and joined the Dahongling River. To the southwest: the Hongling River flowed northwest, joined the Shu River, entered Shuxiang township from northwest Taiping, gathered Shexi and Qianxi to the south, Houxi and Yuexi to the north and west, and Chuanxi to the southwest, then entered Taiping to the east. West of the county three great rocks spanned the stream—Toudai, Zhongdai, and Xiadai—from which the county took its name. There was one garrison post. One post station: Shidi. Jiande: administratively light. It lay one hundred eighty li southwest of the prefectural seat. The seat stood at the foot of Baixiang Mountain. To the south: Yufeng and Nanfeng. To the southwest: Mei Mountain. To the southeast: Genmu Ridge, source of the Huangpen River, which flowed east into Guichi. The Qian River rose on Shimen Ridge in the southeast and gathered as Guanchi. The Hou River rose on Shimen Bieling, also known as Shimen Stream and the Nan River; at Shuanghekou it joined the Xixi River of Guichi and entered Dongliu. To the south: the Longkou River extended south of the county into Dushan Lake in Raozhou Prefecture, Jiangxi. To the south: Yongfeng Market Town. There was one garrison post. One patrol office. Dongliu: strategically important and taxing. It lay one hundred eighty li west of the prefectural seat. To the south: Madang Mountain, spanning the river current—a strategic barrier. Anqing, Susong, and Pengze in Jiangxi all took this mountain as their border. To the southwest: the Great River flowed northeast from Madang, passed Xiangkou, Qingyang, and other market towns, and at the Huangpen River entered Guichi. West of the city: the Jiangkou, Nandongliu, and Xiangkou rivers all entered the Great River downstream. To the south: Huangjin and Baiyang lakes; to the east: Daqing Lake—all also drained into the Great River. Huangshiji,

東北濱江。香河鎮，明置巡司，今移駐青陽鎮。張家鎮舊有河泊所，雁汊鎮昔有巡司，今皆裁廢。有汛。驛一：東流。

on the northeast riverbank. At Xianghe Market Town a patrol office was established in the Ming; it has since been relocated to Qingyang Market Town. Zhangjia Market Town formerly had a river depot and Yanzha Market Town once had a patrol office—both have since been abolished. There was a garrison post. One post station: Dongliu.

太平府：沖，簡。隸徽寧池太廣道。長江水師提督駐。明，太平府，屬江南。順治初因之，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。西南距省治一百九十里。廣九十里，袤二百一十里。北極高三十一度三十八分。京師偏東二度三分。領縣三。當塗沖，繁。倚。南：凌家、甑山。南、東南：青山、龍山。北：採石山，一名牛渚。西：博望山，即天門山，又名東梁山，與和州西梁山夾岸對峙。大江自繁昌荻港入，過東西梁山，繞城北而東下採石入江南。東南：丹陽湖。東南再東則固城湖、石臼湖，總名三湖。徽、寧、池、廣及江寧之水畢匯，南流入蕪湖，北為姑熟溪上源。新壩，東南引姑熟水入城壕。中軍守備駐此。黃池河自宣城入，受丹陽南入之水，西北流，合夾河入江。烏溪、黃池鎮、金柱關有汛。池太分防捕盜同知一，管糧通判一，縣丞一。採石、大信巡司二。一驛：採石。蕪湖沖，繁。府西南六十里。東北：★山，山色純赤，古丹陽郡因此得名。西南：戰鳥山，一名孤圻山，對岸孤立為蟂磯。大江自繁昌入，逕城西，為中江故道。南：魯港，上承青弋江，下並高淳東灞之水入江。西南：蕪湖。自丹陽湖南支分流，合青弋江及五丈、路西諸湖之水，西流逕城南，為長河，北入江。東：扁擔河，即長河分流，入當塗，合大信河。東南：天成湖，亦丹陽湖下流所匯，流達長河。徽寧池太廣道、監督工關鈔關，駐江口。蕪湖、採石有汛。蕪湖關商埠，咸豐八年開。河口鎮巡司。一驛：魯港。繁昌簡。府西南百三十里。南：磕山，一名蜃居山。西北：鳳皇。東北：三山磯。大江自銅陵入，逕城北而東，過蕪湖、當塗入江南界，合黃滸河，匯於荻港入江。東：小淮水自南陵入，會城河入蕪湖。一驛：荻港。有汛。河口鎮、三山司、荻港巡司三。

Taiping Prefecture: strategically important and administratively light. Subordinate to the Hui-Ning-Chi-Tai-Guang Circuit intendancy. The Yangtze naval commander-in-chief was stationed here. Under the Ming dynasty, Taiping Prefecture fell under Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. It lay one hundred ninety li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured ninety li from east to west and two hundred ten li from north to south. Its latitude was 31°38′ N. It lay 2°03′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised three counties. Dangtu: strategically important and busy. Seat county attached to the prefecture. To the south: Lingjia and Zengshan. To the south and southeast: Qingshan and Longshan. To the north: Caishishan, also known as Niuzhu. To the west: Bowang Mountain, or Tianmen Mountain, also known as East Liang Mountain, facing West Liang Mountain in Hezhou across the river. The Great River entered from Digang in Fanchang, passed the east and west Liang mountains, circled north of the city, and flowed east through Caishi into Jiangnan. To the southeast: Danyang Lake. Farther southeast lay Gucheng and Shijiu lakes—together known as the Three Lakes. Waters from Hui, Ning, Chi, Guang, and Jiangning all gathered; south they flowed into Wuhu, and north they formed the upper source of the Gurong Stream. At Xinba in the southeast, Gurong water was channeled into the city moat. The central army garrison commander was stationed here. The Huangchi River entered from Xuancheng, received waters entering Danyang from the south, flowed northwest, joined the Jia River, and reached the Great River. There were garrison posts at Wuxi, Huangchi Market Town, and Jinzhuguan. There was one Chi-Tai sub-garrison bandit-suppression subprefect, one grain-supervising subprefect, and one assistant magistrate. Two patrol offices: at Caishi and Daxin. One post station: Caishi. Wuhu: strategically important and busy. It lay sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the northeast: Red Mountain, of pure crimson hue—from which the ancient Danyang Commandery took its name. To the southwest: Zhanniao Mountain, also known as Guqishan; isolated on the opposite bank stands Xiaoji. The Great River entered from Fanchang, passed west of the city—the old channel of the Middle River. To the south: Lugang, fed by the Qingyi River upstream and joining waters from Dongba in Gaochun downstream to reach the Great River. To the southwest: Wuhu. A southern branch split from Danyang Lake, joined the Qingyi River and waters from Wuzhang and Luxi lakes, flowed west past the south side of the city as the Chang River, and entered the Great River to the north. To the east: the Biandan River, a branch of the Chang River, entered Dangtu and joined the Daxin River. To the southeast: Tiancheng Lake, also fed from the lower reach of Danyang Lake, which flowed to the Chang River. The Hui-Ning-Chi-Tai-Guang Circuit intendancy, the supervisory engineering barrier, and the transit tax barrier were all stationed at Jiangkou. There were garrison posts at Wuhu and Caishi. The Wuhuguan commercial port was opened in the eighth year of the Xianfeng reign. Patrol office at Hekou Market Town. One post station: Lugang. Fanchang: administratively light. It lay one hundred thirty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south: Keshan, also known as Shenjushan. To the northwest: Fenghuang. To the northeast: Sanshanji. The Great River entered from Tongling, passed north of the city and flowed east through Wuhu and Dangtu into Jiangnan territory, joined the Huangxu River, and gathered at Digang to enter the Great River. To the east: the Xiao Huai River entered from Nanling, joined the city river, and entered Wuhu. One post station: Digang. There was a garrison post. Three patrol offices: at Hekou Market Town, Sanshan, and Digang.

廣德直隸州：繁，難。隸徽寧池太廣道。明初廣興府，置縣曰廣陽。尋降州，直隸江南。順治初因之，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。西距省治五百九十里。廣一百三十里，袤一百六十里。北極高三十度五十九分。京師偏東二度五十四分。領縣一。西：橫山。東南：桃花、乾溪。西北：白茅嶺。南：桐源山一名白石山。桐水出，南橫梗溪、東南鯉洪溪，皆合焉。北：九斗川，源出五花岩山，匯諸山澗水，西北流，逕建平，匯於郎溪。西：玉溪，繞城北，合碧溪、大源溪，同入建平之南綺湖。青洪山嶺，誓節渡有汛。州判一。杭村、廣安巡司二。建平繁，難。州西北九十里。西北：鳳棲山、五牙山。南：鎮山。西南：赤山。桐水自州入，逕城西入宣城，為白河川，匯於江南之丹陽湖，入大江，或謂之白石水。南綺湖受縣境諸水，北入丹陽湖。郎溪，三峽、蘇大二溪，逕城西南，匯諸山澗水，入南綺湖。白茅山有汛。梅渚巡司一。

Guangde Directly Administered Subprefecture: busy and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Hui-Ning-Chi-Tai-Guang Circuit intendancy. In the early Ming it was Guangxing Prefecture, with a county called Guangyang established. It was soon reduced to subprefectural status, directly subordinate to Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. It lay five hundred ninety li west of the provincial capital. It measured one hundred thirty li from east to west and one hundred sixty li from north to south. Its latitude was 30°59′ N. It lay 2°54′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised one county. To the west: Heng Mountain. To the southeast: Taohua and Ganxi. To the northwest: Baimaoling. To the south: Tongyuan Mountain, also known as Baishi Mountain. The Tong River issued forth; the Henggeng River to the south and the Lihong River to the southeast all joined it. To the north: Jiudouchuan, rising at Wuhuayan Mountain, gathering mountain stream waters, flowing northwest through Jianping, and gathering at Langxi. To the west: the Yuxi River circled north of the city, joined the Bixi and Dayuan rivers, and together entered Nanqi Lake in Jianping. There were garrison posts at Qinghongshanling and Shijiedu. One subprefectural judge. Two patrol offices: at Hangcun and Guang'an. Jianping: busy and difficult to administer. It lay ninety li northwest of the subprefecture. To the northwest: Fengqi and Wuya mountains. To the south: Zhen Mountain. To the southwest: Chi Mountain. The Tong River entered from the subprefecture, passed west of the city into Xuancheng as the Baihe River, gathered in Danyang Lake in Jiangnan, and reached the Great River—also known as the Baishi River. Nanqi Lake received all streams within the county and drained north into Danyang Lake. The Langxi, Sanxia, and Sudar rivers passed southwest of the city, gathered mountain stream waters, and entered Nanqi Lake. There was a garrison post at Baimaoshan. One patrol office at Meizhu.

滁州直隸州：沖，繁。隸安廬滁和道。明初以州治清流縣。省入，直隸江南。順治初因之，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。西南距省治五百五十里。廣一百四十里，袤三百一十里。北極高三十二度十七分。京師偏東一度五十三分。領縣二。州境皆山。西：琅琊。東南：皇道。西北：清流河所出，一名北角河，繞城至烏衣，東合來安水入滁河。其別出者為白茅河，逕城西北入清流河。滁河東南自全椒入，合襄水、清流，曰三汊河口，下流入江蘇六合。大沙河自來安入，匯西北諸山溪水，至城東達清流河。小沙河源出西南菱山，逕城西，注石瀨澗以合清流。烏衣有汛。大槍鎮巡司一。有鐵路。全椒簡。州南五十里。北：覆釜山，城跨其上。西北：桑根山，有南隱、中隱、北隱。南：南崗。東南：九斗，一名徐陵山。滁河南源出廬，自合肥入，至石潭，與襄水合，入滁州。襄水源出西北石臼山，東南流，合澗谷諸水，亦至石潭達滁。西南：酇湖，居民引流資灌溉。南：六丈鎮。鳳皇橋有汛一。驛二：大柳、滁陽。來安簡，州東北四十里。西：嘉山。北：馬嶺山。東：五湖山。西北：北信山。來安水出五湖山，逕縣東，至水口鎮入滁州。西北：沛水，有二源，一出盱眙、招信界嶺下，一出練寺山，二水合而南流入州。獨山水、秋沛水皆由縣西北合流，至瓦店河，同入滁河。東北：白塔鎮。有汛。

Chuzhou Directly Administered Subprefecture: strategically important and busy. Subordinate to the An-Lu-Chu-He Circuit intendancy. In the early Ming the subprefectural seat governed Qingliu County. The county was abolished and merged in, and the subprefecture was directly subordinate to Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. It lay five hundred fifty li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured one hundred forty li from east to west and three hundred ten li from north to south. Its latitude was 32°17′ N. It lay 1°53′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised two counties. The subprefecture was mountainous throughout. To the west: Langya. To the southeast: Huangdao. To the northwest: source of the Qingliu River, also known as Beijiao River; it circled the city to Wuyi, joined the Lai'an River to the east, and entered the Chu River. A separate branch was the Baimao River, which passed northwest of the city and entered the Qingliu River. The Chu River entered southeast from Quanjiao, joined the Xiang and Qingliu rivers at Sanhekou, and flowed downstream into Liuhe in Jiangsu. The Dashax River entered from Lai'an, gathered northwestern mountain streams, and at the east side of the city reached the Qingliu River. The Xiaosha River rose at Lingshan in the southwest, passed west of the city, and entered Shilaixian to join the Qingliu River. There was a garrison post at Wuyi. One patrol office at Daqiang Market Town. There was a railway. Quanjiao: administratively light. It lay fifty li south of the subprefecture. To the north: Fufu Mountain, which the city straddled. To the northwest: Sanggen Mountain, with Nanyin, Zhongyin, and Beiyin. To the south: Nangang. To the southeast: Jiudou, also known as Xulingshan. The southern source of the Chu River rose in Lu, entered from Hefei, reached Shitan, joined the Xiang River, and entered Chuzhou. The Xiang River rose at Shijiu Mountain in the northwest, flowed southeast, joined Jiangu and other streams, and also reached Shitan to enter the Chu River. To the southwest: Zan Lake, whose waters residents channeled for irrigation. To the south: Liuzhang Market Town. One garrison post at Fenghuangqiao. Two post stations: Daliu and Chuyang. Lai'an: administratively light; it lay forty li northeast of the subprefecture. To the west: Jiashan. To the north: Maling Mountain. To the east: Wuhu Mountain. To the northwest: Beixin Mountain. The Lai'an River rose on Wuhu Mountain, passed east of the county, and at Shuikou Market Town entered Chuzhou. To the northwest: the Pei River had two sources—one below the border ridge of Xuyi and Zhaoxin, one at Liansi Mountain; the two united and flowed south into the subprefecture. The Dushan and Qiuppei rivers both united in the northwest of the county, reached Wadian River, and together entered the Chu River. To the northeast: Baita Market Town. There was a garrison post.

和州直隸州：繁，疲。隸安廬滁和道。明初以州治歷陽縣，省入，尋復和州，直隸江南。順治初因之，屬江南左布政使司。康熙六年，分隸安徽省。西南距省治四百六十里。廣一百八十里，袤二百里。北極高三十一度四十四分。京師偏東一度五十一分。領縣一。西：歷陽。南：梁山。西北：烏石山。北：夾山。大江自無為州入，又東北入江蘇江浦。西南：柵山，與無為州分中流為界，即古濡須口也，白石水自含山西南來注之。東南：橫江，南直采石磯，亦名橫江浦，會開勝河，東流達江。南：裕溪河，源出巢湖，自無為入，上承牛屯河，入江。東北：石拔河、芝麻河、穴子河，皆入江。東南：當利浦，一名河口，大江之別浦也。州同一。牛屯河巡司一。裕溪、新河口、瓦蓬溝有汛。含山簡。州西六十里。北：大小峴山，一名赤焰山。西南：白石山，道書第二十一洞天也。濡須水出，是為東關口水，自巢湖東流，逕亞父山，出東關口，東南逕黃洛河，又南逕運漕河，至新浴口會西清溪河，至柵江口同入大江，一名天河。東南：銅城徬，受天河、黃洛河支流，東至徬口分流，一支為牛屯河，入州，一支南出，入三汊河。練固鎮、裕溪河鎮有汛。巡司二：運漕，裕溪。

Hezhou Directly Administered Subprefecture: busy and taxing. Subordinate to the An-Lu-Chu-He Circuit intendancy. In the early Ming the subprefectural seat governed Liyang County; the county was abolished and merged in; soon Hezhou was restored as directly subordinate to Jiangnan. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued under the left provincial administration commission of Jiangnan. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign, it was transferred to An Hui Province. It lay four hundred sixty li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured one hundred eighty li from east to west and two hundred li from north to south. Its latitude was 31°44′ N. It lay 1°51′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised one county. To the west: Liyang. To the south: Liang Mountain. To the northwest: Wushi Mountain. To the north: Jiashan. The Great River entered from Wuwei Subprefecture and flowed northeast into Jiangpu in Jiangsu. To the southwest: Zhahshan, dividing the midstream with Wuwei Subprefecture as the border—the ancient Ruxu Mouth; the Baishi River came from southwest Hanshan to join it. To the southeast: Hengjiang, facing Caishiji directly to the south, also known as Hengjiangpu; it joined the Kaisheng River and flowed east to the Great River. To the south: the Yuxi River, rising at Chaohu Lake, entering from Wuwei, fed by the Niutun River upstream, and reaching the Great River. To the northeast: the Shiba, Zhima, and Xuezi rivers—all reached the Great River. To the southeast: Danglipu, also known as Hekou—a separate inlet of the Great River. One subprefectural judge. One patrol office at Niutunhe. There were garrison posts at Yuxi, Xinhekou, and Wapenggou. Hanshan: administratively light. It lay sixty li west of the subprefecture. To the north: the large and small Xian mountains, also known as Chiyanshan. To the southwest: Baishi Mountain—the Twenty-first Grotto Heaven in Daoist texts. The Ruxu River issued as Dongguankou River; from Chaohu it flowed east past Yafu Mountain, exited Dongguankou, passed southeast through the Huangluo River, then south through the Yuncao River, at Xinyukou met the West Qingxi River, and at Zhajiangkou together reached the Great River—also known as the Tianhe River. To the southeast: Tongchengbang, receiving tributaries of the Tianhe and Huangluo rivers; east to Bangkou it split—a branch became the Niutun River entering the subprefecture, another flowed south into the Sanhe River. There were garrison posts at Liangu Market Town and Yuxihe Market Town. Two patrol offices: at Yuncao and Yuxi.

六安直隸州：繁，疲，難。隸鳳潁六泗道。明初以州治六安縣，省入，屬鳳陽府，尋還屬廬州府。順治初因之。雍正二年，升直隸州，屬安徽省。東南距省治四百四十里。廣二百一十里，袤二百二十里。北極高三十一度五十分。京師偏東二分。領縣二。東：龍穴山一名龍池山，與合肥界。東南：洪家山，四圍壁立。南：大小同山。西南：團山，下臨渒水。渒水一名白沙河，源出霍山，逕城西，又北流入河南固始，即沘水也。西南青石河，西三元幢河、青龍河，皆入渒。東南：馬柵河，流逕舒城桃城鎮入巢湖。西：溶水河，源出齊雲山，西北流，入河南固始，合史河。西南：麻埠鎮。錢家集有汛。和尚司、馬頭汛二。巡司一。驛二：六安、椿樹崗。英山簡。州西南三百六十里。東：英山，縣以此名。北：雞鳴山。南：密峰尖、三吳山。西北：多雲山。西：岐嶺，通湖廣界。英山河出英山，有二源，東曰東矼，西曰西矼，南流至城南而合。會北澗水，流入湖北蘄水。南：雞兒河，亦由蘄水入江。北柳林關，西石門關，亦險要也。茅草畈有汛。七引店巡司一。霍山繁，難。州西南九十里。西北：霍山，又名天柱山，亦名南嶽。東：復覽山。西南：四十八盤。東南：鐵爐山。渒水即沘水，出沘山，俗名太陽河，北逕磨子潭，右合中埠及雙河，至天柱山西，左合漫水及陡山桃源河，又東北逕城西。有潛台山，其西六安山。又北合新店河、楮皮嶺水，入州東梅子關。包家河有汛一。上土市鎮巡司。千羅畈鎮縣廢司。

Lu'an Directly Administered Subprefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Feng-Ying-Liu-Si Circuit intendancy. In the early Ming the subprefectural seat governed Lu'an County; the county was abolished and merged in; it fell under Fengyang Prefecture, then soon returned to Luzhou Prefecture. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued. In the second year of the Yongzheng reign it was promoted to directly administered subprefectural status under An Hui Province. It lay four hundred forty li southeast of the provincial capital. It measured two hundred ten li from east to west and two hundred twenty li from north to south. Its latitude was 31°50′ N. It lay 2′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised two counties. To the east: Longxue Mountain, also known as Longchi Mountain, on the border with Hefei. To the southeast: Hongjia Mountain, with cliffs on all four sides. To the south: the large and small Tong mountains. To the southwest: Tuan Mountain, overlooking the Bi River below. The Bi River, also known as the Baisha River, rose at Huoshan, passed west of the city, flowed north into Gushi in Henan—the Yi River. To the southwest: the Qingshi River; to the west: the Sanyuanzhuang and Qinglong rivers—all drained into the Bi River. To the southeast: the Mazha River, flowing through Taocheng Market Town in Shucheng into Chaohu Lake. To the west: the Rongshui River, rising at Qiyun Mountain, flowing northwest into Gushi in Henan and joining the Shi River. To the southwest: Mapu Market Town. There was a garrison post at Qianjiaji. Two garrison posts: at Heshangsi and Matou. One patrol office. Two post stations: Lu'an and Chunshugang. Yingshan: administratively light. It lay three hundred sixty li southwest of the subprefecture. To the east: Yingshan, from which the county took its name. To the north: Jiming Mountain. To the south: Mifengjian and Sanwushan. To the northwest: Duoyun Mountain. To the west: Qiling, connecting to the Huguang border. The Yingshan River rose on Yingshan with two sources—east called Dongqiang, west called Xiqiang; flowing south they united south of the city. It joined the Beijian River and flowed into Qishui in Hubei. To the south: the Jier River, which also reached the Great River through Qishui. To the north: Liulin Pass; to the west: Shimen Pass—both strategic barriers. There was a garrison post at Maocaofan. One patrol office at Qiyindian. Huoshan: busy and difficult to administer. It lay ninety li southwest of the subprefecture. To the northwest: Huoshan, also known as Tianzhu Mountain and the Southern Marchmount. To the east: Fulan Mountain. To the southwest: Forty-eight Bends. To the southeast: Tielu Mountain. The Bi River is the Yi River, rising on Yishan and popularly called the Taiyang River; north it passed Mozitan, joined Zhongbu and Shuanghe on the right, reached west of Tianzhu Mountain, joined Manshui and the Taoyuan River of Doushan on the left, then flowed northeast past the west side of the city. There was Qiantai Mountain, with Lu'an Mountain to its west. Farther north it joined the Xindian River and the waters of Zhupiling, entering Meiziguan east of the subprefecture. There was one garrison post at Baojiahe. A patrol office at Shangtushi Market Town. An abolished county office at Qianluofan Market Town.

泗州直隸州：繁，疲，難。隸潁六泗道。明屬鳳陽府。尋復升直隸州，以臨淮縣省入。順治初因之。康熙六年，分屬安徽省，隸鳳陽如故。十九年，州城圮，陷入洪澤湖，寄治盱眙。雍正二年，升直隸州，隸安徽省。乾隆四十二年，裁鳳陽府之虹縣，省入泗州為州治。泗州舊治在今州城東南百八十里。自明末清口久淤，舊黃河堤決，黃流奪淮，水倒灌入泗，州境時有水患。至清康熙十九年，城遂圮陷於湖。今州治即虹縣舊城。東北距省治七百六十里。廣二百九十里，袤二百里。北極高三十三度二十八分。京師偏東一度二十三分。領縣三。北：屏山，下有湖。南：鹿鳴山。東：秦橋山，有雙泉。東北：硃山，上有聖水井，下有峰山湖。南：淮水自鳳陽廢臨淮入，逕五河入洪澤湖。汴河自靈壁入，東南入淮，即莨盪渠，一名浚儀渠，唐、宋通漕故道。睢河逕城北，東流，會安河窪，南注洪澤湖。潼河在故虹縣西，俗曰南潼河，自萬安湖流逕五河注淮。北潼水，在今州北，東流注駱馬湖。沱河在今州西南，源出宿州紫蘆湖，逕州東為南沱湖，州西為北沱河，二水合流入五湖。又石樑河、天井湖，西合漴水，過五河入淮。施家崗有汛。半城鎮，州判駐。雙溝鎮，同知駐。驛二：泗水、龍窩。盱眙疲，難。州南百里，濱湖倚山，無城郭。康熙間，泗州陷於湖，乃寄州治於此。後以虹縣省入泗州，乃復為屬如故。東：盱眙山，縣以此名。南：寶積山。北：陡山、龜山。東南：都梁。西北：浮山，濱淮水，故一名臨淮山。淮河逕城北，匯洪澤湖。與泗州中流分界。自五河流入，東北至清河口合黃河。東北：運河。池河自合肥入，北注於淮。洪澤湖舊名破釜塘，亦古洪澤鎮地，昔人開水門入以資灌田。自泗州陷入，湖界日巨，汪洋幾三百里，延袤皖、蘇二省。南以老子山、北以湖泊崗，與江蘇桃源縣分界。舊縣有汛一。驛二：淮原、都梁。天長疲，難。州東南百五十七里。南：橫山、冶山。西：望城崗。北：紅山。西北：石樑河，自滁州來安入，匯為五湖。北合德勝河，又東接高郵寘沙湖，其分流為樊梁溪。白塔河自來安入，合汊澗，逕石樑鎮，又東大河灣，至城西，右合白楊河，東北瀦為丁溪湖，播為感盪、上泊、白馬、沂洋諸湖。其南秦蘭河，併入江蘇，注寘沙湖。東北：下河鎮。北：銅城鎮。汊澗有汛一。城門鄉巡司一。一驛：安淮。五河疲。州南百三十里。南：金崗。西南：翠柏。西：臥龍崗，下有龍潭。北：陡山崗。沱河水溢，淮水在城東一里。自故臨淮縣東北流逕此，又東入州境。澮河自靈壁入，舊逕城南一里，後水漲沙淤，徙於北滸，又逕城西北合沱河，又東入淮，或謂之澳水。東潼河自州入，逕天井湖，南至鐵鎖嶺入淮。漴河在城南二里。南湖在城南七里，匯眾流而成，流為此河，又東流入淮。以上所謂五河也。其交會處在城東二里，謂之五河口。西：臨淮關，有汛。驛一：五河。

Sizhou Directly Administered Subprefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Ying-Liu-Si Circuit intendancy. Under the Ming it fell under Fengyang Prefecture. Soon it was again promoted to directly administered subprefectural status, with Linhuai County abolished and merged in. In the early Shunzhi period this arrangement continued. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign it was transferred to An Hui Province while remaining subordinate to Fengyang as before. In the nineteenth year the subprefectural city walls collapsed and the seat sank into Hongze Lake; administration was temporarily relocated to Xuyi. In the second year of the Yongzheng reign it was promoted to directly administered subprefectural status under An Hui Province. In the forty-second year of the Qianlong reign, Hong County of Fengyang Prefecture was abolished and merged into Sizhou to serve as the subprefectural seat. The former seat of Sizhou lay one hundred eighty li southeast of the present subprefectural city. Since the late Ming the Qing Mouth had long been silted up; when the old Yellow River dike broke, the Yellow River seized the Huai River and water backed up into Si, so the subprefecture often suffered flooding. By the nineteenth year of the Kangxi reign, the city walls collapsed and the seat sank into the lake. The present subprefectural seat is the old city of Hong County. It lay seven hundred sixty li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured two hundred ninety li from east to west and two hundred li from north to south. Its latitude was 33°28′ N. It lay 1°23′ east of the capital's meridian. It comprised three counties. To the north: Pingshan, with a lake at its foot. To the south: Luming Mountain. To the east: Qinqiao Mountain, with twin springs. To the northeast: Zhushan, with the Shengshui Well on its heights and Fengshan Lake at its foot. To the south: the Huai River entered from abolished Linhuai in Fengyang, passed through Wuhe, and reached Hongze Lake. The Bian River entered from Lingbi and flowed southeast into the Huai—the Langdang Canal, also known as the Junyi Canal, the old Tang and Song grain-transport route. The Sui River passed north of the city, flowed east, joined the Anhe Depression, and poured south into Hongze Lake. The Tong River lay west of old Hong County, popularly known as the South Tong River; from Wan'an Lake it flowed through Wuhe into the Huai River. The North Tong River, north of the present subprefecture, flowed east into Luoma Lake. The Tuo River lay southwest of the present subprefecture, rising at Zilu Lake in Suzhou; east of the subprefecture it formed South Tuohu, and west of the subprefecture it became the North Tuo River; the two united and flowed into the Five Lakes. Also the Shiliang River and Tianjing Lake, which joined the Chong River to the west, passed through Wuhe, and reached the Huai River. There was a garrison post at Shijiagang. The subprefectural judge was stationed at Bancheng Market Town. The vice-prefect was stationed at Shuanggou Market Town. Two post stations: Sishui and Longwo. Xuyi: taxing and difficult to administer. One hundred li south of the subprefecture, it bordered the lake and lay against the mountains, with no walled city. During the Kangxi reign, when Sizhou sank into the lake, the subprefectural seat was temporarily relocated here. Later, when Hong County was abolished and merged into Sizhou, it again became a subordinate county as before. To the east: Xuyi Mountain, from which the county took its name. To the south: Baoji Mountain. To the north: Doushan and Guishan. To the southeast: Duliang. To the northwest: Fushan, bordering the Huai River and hence also known as Linhuaishan. The Huai River passed north of the city and gathered into Hongze Lake. It formed the midstream boundary with Sizhou. It entered from the Wuhe River, flowed northeast to Qinghekou, and joined the Yellow River. To the northeast: the Grand Canal. The Chi River entered from Hefei and poured north into the Huai River. Hongze Lake was formerly called Pofutang and was also the site of ancient Hongze Market Town; in earlier times people opened sluice gates to channel water in for irrigation. Since Sizhou sank, the lake's bounds grew daily; its waters spread nearly three hundred li, extending across An Hui and Jiangsu provinces. Bounded on the south by Laozi Mountain and on the north by Hubo Ridge, it bordered Taoyuan County in Jiangsu. There was one garrison post at the old county seat. Two post stations: Huaiyuan and Duliang. Tianchang: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred fifty-seven li southeast of the subprefecture. To the south: Hengshan and Yeshan. To the west: Wangchenggang. To the north: Hongshan. To the northwest: the Shiliang River, entering from Lai'an in Chuzhou, gathered into the Five Lakes. To the north it joined the Desheng River, then east connected to Gaoyou's Zhisha Lake, whose branch became Fanliang Stream. The Baita River entered from Lai'an, joined Chajian, passed Shiliang Market Town, then east to Dahewan, reached the west side of the city, joined the Baiyang River on the right, dammed into Dingxi Lake to the northeast, and spread into the Ganyang, Shangbo, Baima, and Yiyang lakes. South of this, the Qinlan River merged into Jiangsu and poured into Zhisha Lake. To the northeast: Xiahe Market Town. To the north: Tongcheng Market Town. There was one garrison post at Chajian. One patrol office at Chenmen Township. One post station: Anhuai. Wuhe: taxing. It lay one hundred thirty li south of the subprefecture. To the south: Jingang. To the southwest: Cuibai. To the west: Wolonggang, with Longtan at its foot. To the north: Doushangang. The Tuo River overflowed its banks, and the Huai River lay one li east of the city. From old Linhuai County it flowed northeast past here, then east into subprefectural territory. The Hui River entered from Lingbi; formerly it passed one li south of the city, but later when water rose and sand silted up, it shifted to the north bank, passed northwest of the city to join the Tuo River, then flowed east into the Huai—also known as the Ao River. The East Tong River entered from the subprefecture, passed Tianjing Lake, and south of Tiesuoling reached the Huai River. The Chong River lay two li south of the city. South Lake lay seven li south of the city, formed by gathering many streams; it became this river and flowed east into the Huai River. These are the so-called Five Rivers. Their confluence lay two li east of the city and was called Wuhekou. To the west: Linhuai Pass, with a garrison post. One post station: Wuhe.

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