← Back to 清史稿

卷63 志三十八 地理十 陕西

Volume 63 Treatises 38: Geography 10, Shan Xi

Chapter 63 of 清史稿 · Draft History of Qing
← Previous Chapter
Chapter 63
Next Chapter →
1
Treatise 38
2
Geography 10
3
西
Shaanxi
4
西 西使西 西 西 使 西耀 耀 西
Shaanxi Province lay within the Yong and Liang regions described in the Tribute of Yu. Under the Ming, the Left and Right Shaanxi Provincial Administration Commissions were established, with their joint seat at Xi'an. The early Qing kept this arrangement, appointing a governor at Xi'an and a governor-general who initially also oversaw Sichuan, then soon Shanxi and Shaanxi together. In Yongzheng 9 (1731) his jurisdiction was limited to Shaanxi and Gansu, with his seat at Xi'an. In the thirteenth year (1735), Sichuan was again added to his charge. In Qianlong 13 (1748) the concurrent jurisdiction was ended. In the nineteenth year (1754) he also assumed the duties of the Gansu governor. In the twenty-fourth year (1759) the post was retitled Governor-General of Shaanxi and Gansu. In the twenty-ninth year (1764) the headquarters was moved to Lanzhou in Gansu, which thereafter became the permanent arrangement. In Kangxi 2 (1663) the four prefectures of Lintao, Gongchang, Pingliang, and Qingyang were carved out to form Gansu Province, and the Right Provincial Administration Commissioner was transferred there as its head. In Yongzheng 3 (1725) the six prefectures of Shang, Tong, Hua, Yao, Qian, and Bin under Xi'an, and Fu, Suide, and Jia under Yan'an, were promoted to directly administered prefectures. In the ninth year (1731) Yulin Guard was made a prefecture. In the thirteenth year (1735) Tong was raised to a prefecture; Hua was again reduced to a subprefecture under it, and Yao and Bing were demoted and restored to their former jurisdictions. In Qianlong 1 (1736) Jia was again reduced to a subprefecture under Yulin. In the forty-eighth year (1783) Xing'an was raised to a prefecture. To the east it bordered Wenxiang in Henan; 305 li. To the west it bordered Qingshui in Gansu; 630 li. To the south it bordered Taiping in Sichuan; 1,030 li. To the north it reached the border wall. 1,396 li. It measured 935 li across and 2,426 li from north to south. In Xuantong 3 (1911) there were 1,601,444 registered households and a population of 8,054,407. It governed seven prefectures, five directly administered prefectures, seven departments, five subprefectures, and seventy-three counties.
5
西 耀 耀 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 簿 西 西 滿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西鹿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 耀 耀西西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 耀西 西 西 耀 西 西西耀 耀 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西西西 簿
Xi'an Prefecture: Vital, Busy, Taxed, Difficult. The provincial governor, the commissioners of civil administration, education, and judicial administration, the circuit intendants for salt, constabulary, and industrial promotion, the provincial military commander, the Manchu general, and the deputy lieutenant-general were all stationed here. Under the Ming it governed six prefectures and thirty-one counties. In Yongzheng 3 (1725) Shang, Tong, Hua, Yao, Qian, and Bin were promoted to directly administered prefectures, and seventeen counties were reassigned elsewhere. In the thirteenth year (1735) Yao and Tongguan were restored to their former jurisdiction, and Baishui was placed under Tong. In Qianlong 47 (1782) Xiaoyi Department was established. In Jiaqing 5 (1800) Ningshan Department was established. It lay 2,650 li northeast of the capital. It measured 305 li across and 438 li from north to south. Its latitude was 34°16′ N. It lay 7°32′ west of the capital meridian. It governed two departments, one subprefecture, and fifteen counties. Chang'an: Vital, Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Seat-attached county. West of the prefectural seat. To the northwest stands Longshou Mountain. To the southwest are Qinghua and Guifeng peaks. To the south Zhongnan Mountain spans the four counties of Chang'an, Xianning, Hu, and Zhouzhi. The Wei River entered from the west, passed north of the county seat, and flowed east into Xianning. In the southwest the Yu River split in two: one branch ran southwest to join the Hao and form the Eastern Jiao River; the Feng came from the northeast to meet it, then turned north through Xianyang into the Wei; the other flowed north as the Zao River, turned east through Xianning, and entered the Wei. To the south was the grain-transport canal. Farther southwest was the Tongji Canal. Three market towns: Dujiao, Qindu, and Sanqiao. The registrar was posted at Doumen. A traveling palace stood within the city walls. In Guangxu 26 (1900), when Emperor Guangxu fled west, the former governor's yamen was made his residence. Xianning: Vital, Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Seat-attached county. East of the prefectural seat. To the south are the Leyou and Shaoling plains. The Wei passed north of the county seat and flowed east; the Ba and Chan rivers joined from the northeast and emptied into it. Farther east it passed through Gaoling and entered Lintong. The Yu River is also called the grain-transport river or the Zao River; it rises in Shibie Valley in the southeast. West of it the Hao entered from Ningshan, on the right received the Baishi, Xiaoku, and other streams, on the left the Gengzi, and then flowed into Chang'an. Under the Ming the Qin princely mansion stood in the northeastern corner of the prefectural city, north of the county seat. In Shunzhi 6 (1649) it was rebuilt as the Manchu garrison city, where the general and lieutenant-general were posted. The assistant magistrate had formerly been moved from Ba Bridge to Yinjia Guard, then was posted at Caotan north of the county seat. Three market towns: Ba Bridge, Wei Bridge, and Mingdu. One courier station: Jingzhao. Xianyang: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Fifty-five li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north is Biyuan. To the east is Xianyuan. To the southeast is Gaoyang. To the southwest is Duanyin. To the south the Wei entered from Xingping, received the Niqu, and northeast joined the two Feng streams to form Jixin Shoal before flowing east into Chang'an. To the northeast the Jing flowed east into Jingyang. Four market towns: Gaoqiao, Yaodian, Beihe, and Mazhuang. One courier station: Wei River. Xingping: Vital, Busy. One hundred li west of the prefectural seat. To the west is Mawei Slope. To the north is Huang Mountain. The Wei entered from Wugong, on the left received the Qinghei, Jiada, and other streams, joined the Xinkai River, and flowed east into Xianyang. The assistant magistrate was posted at Zhangdian. Two market towns: Macun and Sangjia. One courier station: Bai Canal. Lintong: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Sixty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Li Mountain, with its hot springs. To the north is Putuo Plain. To the east is Hongmen Slope. To the southwest is Keng Ru Valley. The Wei entered from Xianning and passed north of the county seat; the Shichuan joined the Qinggu flowing south and emptied into it. To the west was the Tong River; to the east the Xi and Ling rivers—all flowed north into it—then it continued east into Weinan. The assistant magistrate was posted at Guanshan. Five market towns: Xinfeng, Lingkou, Jiaokou, Guangyang, and Liyang. One courier station: Xinfeng. Gaoling: Simple. Seventy li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the west is Jianghe Mountain. To the south is Fengzheng Plain. To the southwest the Wei entered from Xianning, followed the border through Luyuan Plain, on the left received the Jing, then continued east along the Lintong border and entered the county. To the northwest the Bai Canal entered from Jingyang and split into two branches, the Changyun and the Gaowang. To the southwest was Pisha Market Town. Hu: Busy, Difficult. Seventy li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Zigge Peak. To the south is Guifeng. To the southeast are the Zhongnan Mountains. To the north the Wei entered from Xingping and continued into Xianyang. To the southeast the Feng entered from Chang'an along the border and joined the Lao River. The Lao rose south of the county seat, joined the Meibo, flowed northeast into Xianyang, and emptied into the Wei. Four market towns: Qindu, Zhaowang, Laodian, and Dawang. Lantian: Simple. Ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the north is Heng Ridge. To the south are the Qinling, Qipan, Yao Mountain, and Kui Mountain. To the east is Lantian Mountain, with its pass. The Ba rose east of the county at Daohui Valley—the Lantian Valley—ran through the southern border, received the Lan and Wang rivers, passed south of the seat, then turned northwest to join the Tujiao, Yi, and Zhu rivers and entered Xianning. The Chan rose at Tumen Valley in the southern mountains, flowed northwest as the Jiaodai River, joined the Tanggu, and both entered Xianning. Three market towns: Lanqiao, Jiaodai, and Xinjie. Jingyang: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Seventy li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north is Cuoguan Mountain. To the northwest are Ganquan and Zhong Mountain. The Jing entered from Liquan along the border, passed south of the seat, and flowed southeast into Gaoling. To the north the Yegu entered from Chunhua, joined the Qing River, and entered Sanyuan. To the northwest the Longdong Canal passed north of the seat and split into three: the North Bai Canal entered Sanyuan; the Middle Bai entered Gaoling; the Lower Bai flowed several li and went underground. There was also the Yeqing Canal. At Yeyu the assistant magistrate was posted. Six market towns: Yongle, Linjing, Shiqiao, Yunyang, Mengdian, and Wangqiao. Sanyuan: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Ninety li north of the prefectural seat. To the north is Fushan. To the northwest are Cuoguan and Yao Mountain. The Zhuogu entered from Yao as the Loudi River, flowed east, and dispersed into the various canals. The Zhao River—the Jianggu—entered from Fuping by a detour and still returned into Fuping. The Qinggu entered from Yao, flowed northwest into Jingyang, recrossed the western border, joined the Yegu, ran through the northern and southern walled cities, and flowed southeast into Gaoling. Four market towns: Poxi, Wangdian, Loudi, and Xiyang. The provincial education commissioner was stationed here. One courier station: Jianzhong. Zhouzhi: Busy, Difficult. One hundred sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south is the Qinling. To the southeast is Shilou. To the southwest is Anle Mountain. To the west is Luogu. The Zhugu followed the Mei border northward, still passed through Qinghua and entered as the West Qing River; it joined the Chegu, Daogu, and other streams and entered Wugong to empty into the Wei. The Wei passed north of the seat and flowed east; to the southwest the Hei River—the Mang—flowed north into it, then it continued east into Xingping. To the southeast the Gan River also flowed north into Xingping. The assistant magistrate was posted at Zuan. Five market towns: Zhongnan, Shangcun, Yabai, Qinghua, and Linchuan. Weinan: Vital, Busy, Difficult. One hundred forty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is the Stone Drum. To the south is Daohu Mountain. To the west is Mayu; the Leng rose there, joined the Ju'er Ridge stream, and flowed northwest into Lintong to empty into the Wei. The Wei joined the Duhua Valley stream, passed north of the seat, where the ancient Bai Canal lay. The Xi River and the East Chishui both flowed north into it, then it continued east into Hua Prefecture. The assistant magistrate was posted at Xiagui. Two market towns: Chishui and Tianshi. One courier station: Fengyuan. Fuping: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. One hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the northwest are Tan Mountain, Tianru, and Tumen. To the southwest is Jing Mountain. To the northeast is Pin Mountain. The Shichuan—the Qi-Ju—entered from Yao; downstream it received the Jinding from the northwest, also called the Zhao—the Jianggu—and flowed southeast into Lintong. The assistant magistrate was posted at Meiyuan. Also to the northeast was Daoxian Market Town. Liquan: Vital. One hundred twenty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north is Wujiang Mountain. To the northeast are Jiuyi Mountain and Fang Mountain. The Jing entered from Yongshou; the Gan rose north of the seat and flowed east into it, then continued southeast into Jingyang. Two market towns: Chiqian and Ganbei. One courier station: Zhangdian. Tongguan: Simple. One hundred eighty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was reassigned to Yao Prefecture. In the thirteenth year it was restored to its former jurisdiction. To the southwest are Baima and Tielong. To the north is Nühui. Within the Divine Woman Gorge was Jinsuo Pass. To the east the Qi rose on the northern high mountains, reached north of the seat, joined the Tongguan River and the Xiongtong and Leiping streams, and flowed southwest; to the west the Ju flowed south; both entered Yao Prefecture. To the northeast the Great and Little Shipan streams joined and flowed north into Yijun. South of them the Wuni River flowed east into Pucheng. One courier station: Qishui. Yao Prefecture: Simple. One hundred thirty-three li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. In the thirteenth year it remained a prefecture and was restored to its former jurisdiction. To the northeast are Wutai Mountain and Qingyu. To the north are Mumen and Datang. To the northwest is Niuer Mountain. The upper Ju, the Yaoqu stream, entered from Yijun and joined the Yin'erping, Taizi Stone, and Yangxiu streams to form the Yijun River; south it joined the Husi Spring to become the Ju, passed southeast of the seat, then flowed east; on the left it met the Qi and entered Fuping. Jiangu Mountain and the Qinggu and Zhuogu rivers all rise in the northwest and flow south into Sanyuan. Four market towns: Xiaoqiu, Liulin, Zhaojin, and Miaowan. One courier station: Shunyi. Xiaoyi Department: Busy, Difficult. Two hundred forty li southeast of the prefectural seat. In Qianlong 47 territory was carved from Xianning, Lantian, and Zhen'an to establish the department, with a subprefect posted at Xiaoyi River. In Jiaqing 7 the seat was moved to Jiuxian Pass, which remains the present seat. To the north lies the Qinling range. To the east is Dading Mountain. To the southwest are Chelun and Tianshu. The Dayu River, also called the Qianyou and identified as the Zha, rises on Dayu Ridge in the northwest and flows southwest; To the northeast the Jinjing, that is the Jia, flows east; the Dongshe flows southeast; and the Xun in the northwest flows south: all enter Zhen'an. Ningshan Department: Busy, Difficult. Five hundred twenty li south of the prefectural seat. In Ming Zhengde 16 two patrol inspectorates were set up at Chaijia Pass and Wulang Dam. They were abolished in the Shunzhi reign. In Qianlong 48 the hydraulic intendant of Xi'an Prefecture was moved to Wulang Pass. In Jiaqing 5 territory was carved from Chang'an, Zhouzhi, Yang, Shiquan, and Zhen'an to establish the department, and a subprefect was appointed in place of the former post. To the northeast lies the Qinling range. To the north are Wanhua Mountain and Ziwu Valley. To the south is Wutai Mountain. The Xun rises on Shaluo Ridge, flows southwest to Jiangkou, joins the Jiang on the left, then continues south to Xiaoyi, with the Li and Ri following together. To the northwest is Ganquan Ford; the Wen rises there, gathers the Donggu, Xihe, and other streams, bends southwest into Yang, and the Pu follows. To the north is Yaozhu Ridge; the Chang'an rises there, flows south past the east side of the seat, joins the Dong and Tiping rivers, and enters Shiquan. It has garrison posts at Sigudi and Wulang Pass. The registrar is posted at Jiangkou; in Jiaqing 7 he was moved here from Doumen in Chang'an. The Sigudi patrol inspector was moved to Xincheng in Jiaqing 13 and abolished in Jiaqing 18.
6
西 耀 西 西 西 西西 西 簿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 宿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 耀 西 西 西
Tong Prefecture: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Subject to the Tong-Shang Circuit. Under the Ming, Tong belonged to Xi'an Prefecture and governed five counties. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. In the thirteenth year it was raised to a prefecture and a metropolitan county was established. Yao and Baishui were restored to its jurisdiction, Hua Prefecture was reduced, and Huayin, Pucheng, and Tongguan came under it. In Qianlong 12 Tongguan was promoted to a department. It lies 240 li southwest of the provincial seat. It measured 188 li across and 290 li from north to south. Its latitude was 34°50′ N. It lay 6°37′ west of the capital meridian. It governed one department, one prefecture, and eight counties. Dali: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Seat-attached county. In Yongzheng 13 it was created from Tong prefectural territory. To the west is Huangdui Mountain. To the north is Shangyan. To the south is Shayuan. The Luo from Pucheng runs along the border west of the county, turns southeast to enter at Chuanshe Ford, passes southwest and flows east; the Wei runs along the southern border northeastward, and both enter Chaoyi. The assistant magistrate is posted at Qiangbai. Also three market towns: Fangtou, Chuanshe, and Panyi. Chaoyi: Busy, Difficult. Thirty li east of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it came under Tong. The Yellow River enters from Heyang, runs south along the eastern border, receives the Jin, and reaches Wangxian Temple south of Zhaodu—the former mouth of the Luo. In Guangxu 34 the Luo shifted course and entered at Zhaodu. Farther south at Sanhekou the Wei enters from Dali, flows northeast to join it, then turns east into Tongguan. The registrar is posted at Daqing Pass. It has three market towns: Liangnv, Taiqi, and Zhaodu. Heyang: Difficult. One hundred ten li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it came under Tong. To the northwest is Liang Mountain. To the northeast is Fang Mountain. The Yellow River enters from Hancheng, runs south along the eastern border, and receives the Bailiang. The Xu flows northwest and the Jin southeast; both enter Chaoyi. The ancient Qia, also called the Fen, likewise flows southwest into Chaoyi. To the northwest the Dayu stream runs along the border from Chengcheng, bends south, and re-enters Chengcheng. Five market towns: Bailiangfang, Ganjing, Wangcun, Heidi, and Lujing. Chengcheng: Simple. One hundred li north of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 10 it came under Tong. To the north are Jietou Mountain and Jiangjun. To the northwest are Hulu and Yunmen Mountain. To the west the Luo receives the Ganquan—the county's western river—and flows south into Pucheng. The East Dagu follows the Heyang border southward with it. Nine market towns: Sitou, Yeshan, Weizhuang, Jiaotong, Yaotou, Wangzhuang, Fengyuan, Tazhong, and Liangfu. Hancheng: Difficult. Two hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it came under Tong. To the northeast is Longmen Mountain. To the northwest is Liang Mountain. To the southwest is Hanyuan, that is, Shaoliang. The Yellow River enters from Yichuan along the northeast border, joins the Qiahu, bends south to Longmen Pass where Yu's traces remain, continues south to Guandu where it joins the Ju and Zhichuan, then flows south into Heyang. To the northwest is the Shendao Ridge garrison post. Two market towns: Xuefeng and Zancun. Hua Prefecture: Vital. One hundred eighty li south of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. In the thirteenth year it remained a prefecture and came under Tong. To the southwest is Wulong. To the south is Shaohua Mountain. The Wei enters from Weinan, runs east along the northern border, receives the valley streams south of the prefecture, and flows northeast into Huayin. Seven market towns: Luowen, Liuzi, Taitou, Wangsu, Guapo, Gaotang, and Jiangcun. One courier station: Huashan. Huayin: Vital, Busy. One hundred sixty li south of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was reassigned to Hua Prefecture; in Yongzheng 13 it came under Tong. To the south is Mount Taihua, the Western Peak. The Yellow River enters from Chaoyi. To the northwest the Wei enters along the Huayin border and joins the Shen; farther east it joins the Fushui and Huangsuan, receives the valley streams, and flows east into the Yellow River. Three market towns: Huayue, Quandian, and Fushui. Pucheng: Taxed, Busy, Difficult. Eighty li west of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was reassigned to Hua Prefecture; in Yongzheng 13 it came under Tong. To the north is Mount Yao, also called Mount Fu. To the northwest is Mount Feng, also called Mount Suyu. To the northeast is Mount Jinsu. The Luo enters from Baishui, runs past Binnan Fort, receives the Ganquan on the left, joins the Dayu, and flows into Dali. To the northeast is the Yongfeng garrison post. Ten market towns: Changle, Shibiao, Weiyuan, Xiaotong, Xingshi, Wudian, Handi, Chedu, Jingtao, and Gaoyang. Baishui: Simple. One hundred thirty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was reassigned to Yao Prefecture; in Yongzheng 13 it came under Tong. To the northeast is Mount Huanglong. To the northwest is Mount Qin. The Luo enters from Yichun, receives the Tieniu, passes north of the county, receives the Kongzou, then the Baishui—the South River—from the south border flows east into it, and the river flows south into Pucheng. Ten market towns: Fenglei, Xigu, Nanhe, Leicun, Xincun, Xinyao, Tieniu, Leiya, Wuzhuang, and Kongzou. Tongguan Department: Vital, Busy, Difficult. One hundred li southeast of the prefectural seat. Seat of the Tongguan Circuit. The Ming established the Tongguan Guard. It was abolished in Yongzheng 2. In the fourth year Tongguan County was established under Hua Prefecture; in Yongzheng 13 it came under Tong. In Qianlong 12 it was promoted to a department. To the east is Mount Qilin. To the west is Mount Feng, against which the city was built. The Yellow River enters from Huayin and runs north of the department; the Tong River from the south pierces the city and flows north into it, then east into Minxiang in Henan. A patrol inspectorate doubling as the prison office was posted at Fengling Ford. One courier station: Tongguan.
7
西 西西 西西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 鹿
Fengxiang Prefecture: Vital, Busy. Seat of the Feng-Bin Circuit. It lies 360 li southeast of the provincial seat. It measured 420 li across and 340 li from north to south. Its latitude was 34°28′ N. It lay 8°59′ west of the capital meridian. It governed seven counties and one prefecture. Fengxiang: Vital, Busy. Seat-attached county. To the northwest is Mount Yong; the Yong River rises there, flows south past the west of the county, turns southeast and joins the Tasi; Farther east is the Heng; both flow southeast into Qishan. The Qian from Qianyang runs south along the border into Baoji. Five market towns: Hengshui, Yaodian, Guowang, Biaojiao, and Chencun. One courier station: Donghe Bridge. Qishan: Vital, Busy. Fifty li east of the prefectural seat. To the north are Mount Qi and the Zhou Plain. To the south is the Qinling. To the north is Mount Wujiang. To the southwest the Wei enters from Baoji, runs south of the city and flows east; the Xiegu rises in the southwest hills, flows northeast, and both enter Mei. To the west the Wei—the Yong—enters from Fengxiang, joins the Heng, runs south of the county, and flows east into Fufeng. The Chigou from Fufeng runs in along the border and joins it. Five market towns: Yidian, Longwei, Caijia, Gaodian, and Qinghua. One courier station: Qizhou. Baoji: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Ninety li southwest of the prefectural seat. The Qinling lies to the south, also called Mount Qin. To the southeast are Mount Chencang and Mount Shigu. To the southwest are Heshangyuan and Dashan Ridge. The Wei from Qinzhou enters along the border, runs south of the city eastward, receives the Ta and Luogu on the right and the Qian on the left, then joins the Panxi and flows into Qishan. To the southeast the Taibai River flows southwest into Liuba. The Shanggu, Guochuan, and Southwest Dong—the Gudao—all flow west into Feng. To the northeast is the Limin Canal. The patrol inspector was posted at Guochuan. It also had the market towns of Didian, Yangping, Maying, and Yimen. Two courier stations: Chencang and Donghe. Fufeng: Vital, Busy. One hundred ten li east of the prefectural seat. To the north are Mount Qi and Wushuang. To the northeast is Mount Liang. To the south are Mount Feifeng and Mount Xian. To the northwest is Mount Mei. To the east are Maoling and the Sanchi Plain. In the southeast the Wei and in the south the Yong join the Qi and Mei on the eastern border, and all flow east into Wugong. Seven market towns: Fubo, Xinglin, Jiangzhang, Wujing, Zhaogong, Tiandu, and Chongzheng. One courier station: Fengquan. Mei: Simple. One hundred ten li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is Mount Taibai, the Dunwu of the Tribute of Yu. To the west is Mount Mazhong. To the southwest are Wugong and Xiegu, with the Wuzhang Plain. The Wei enters from Qishan, receives the Xiegu on the right, the Moju canal on the middle branch and the Qingshui on the east, runs southeast past the north of the city, and flows east into Fufeng. Two canals: Dongjingtian and the southwest Xiegu. Xiegu Pass garrison post. Five market towns: Huaiya, Hengqu, Qinghua, Qingqiu, and Jinqu. Linyou: Simple. One hundred ten li north of the prefectural seat. Within the city walls is Mount Tong. To the west is Tiantai. To the east is Shijiu. To the south is Mount Jiangou. The Qi rises on Qinglian west of the county and joins the Qi from Mount Qi northeast; the Mafu to its west and the Yuting to its east both enter Lingtai in Gansu. The Du rises on Mount Du in the northwest, runs south of the city, receives the Cheng, and flows east into Qianzhou. Two market towns: Xiliangshe and Zhaoxian in the northwest. Qianyang: Vital. Seventy li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east are Mount Gui and Longquan. To the north are Tiantai and Wohu. To the south is Jianggou Ridge. The Qian enters from Longzhou, receives Caobi Valley and the Huichuan from the northwest, runs south of the city, takes the Jiankou and Jiezhi, and flows southeast into Fengxiang. On the east lies the tethered Yuzé marsh. Two market towns: Huangli in the east and Caobi in the west. Longzhou: Vital. One hundred fifty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the south is Mount Wuyue. To the northwest are the Long Mountains, the Long Slope. Mount Qian also rises here; the Qian issues from it, joins the Longmen, Guanshan, and Puyu streams, runs south of the city eastward, receives the Bei, then takes the Badu southeast and enters Qianyang. The Wei from Qinzhou in Gansu runs southwest and east into Baoji. To the west is the Guanshan garrison post. Fourteen market towns: Duyang, Dongliang, Xinjie, Xiantou, Badu, Shenquan, Malu, Changning, Chiyan, Guchuan, Xiangquan, Dasong, Tongguanhe, and Wenshui. One courier station: Changning.
8
西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西西 西 西 西 西 西西西西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西西 西 西 西 西 西
Hanzhong Prefecture: Vital, Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Seat of the Shaan'an Circuit. The regional commander was posted here. Under the Ming it governed one prefecture and eight counties. In Qianlong 38 Liuba Department was established. In Jiaqing 7 Dingyuan Department was established. In Daoguang 5 Foping Department was established. It lies 1,700 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 810 li across and 650 li from north to south. Its latitude was 33° N. It lay 9°14′ west of the capital meridian. It governed three departments, one prefecture, and eight counties. Nanzheng: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Seat-attached county. To the southwest are Hanshan and Huangniu. To the south is the Daba range. To the southeast is Liangzhou. To the west is Mount Longgang. To the northeast are Wuxiang Valley and Luogu Valley. The Han enters from Bao, receives the middle and eastern branches of the Bao plus the Lian and Chi, and flows east into Chenggu. At Qingshi Pass a patrol inspectorate was posted. Farther west is Daba Pass. Four market towns: Changliu, Shangshuidu, Shahe, and Mileyuan. One courier station: Hanyang. Baocheng: Simple. Forty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north is Mount Qipan, crowned by Jitou Pass. To the northwest is Liancheng. To the west is Mount Niulang. To the south is Heavenly Pool. Bao Valley lies to the northeast; from here the Lianyun Plank Road begins. Liuba lies 150 li to the northwest. The Han enters from the county, flows southwest and takes the Huayang, then east receives the Bao and enters Nanzheng. To the southwest is the Rang River, also called the Xun. Seven passes: to the north Madao, Hutou, and Wuqu; to the south Songliang and Micang; to the northwest Hanyang and Ganting. To the south is the Huangguan Ridge garrison post, where a patrol inspectorate was also posted. Four market towns: Zongying, Baocheng, Changlin, and Gaotaiba. Three courier stations: Madao, Qingqiao, and Kaishan. Chenggu: Simple. Seventy li east of the prefectural seat. To the north are Tongguan, Jiuzhen, and Baiyun. To the northwest is Mount Dou. The Han enters from Nanzheng, passes Hucheng, on the left takes the Wen (Wenchuan) and on the right the Nansha and Xiaosha, runs south of the city, and enters Yang. Four market towns: Yinping, Yuanyang, Yuangong, and Wenchuan. Yang: Simple. One hundred twenty li east of the prefectural seat. To the northeast is Taibai. To the southeast is Ziwu Valley. To the northwest is Fengdu. To the north are Mount Xingshi and Yang Valley, the southern mouth of Luogu. To the east are Chiban and Huangjin Valley. The Han enters from Chenggu, runs along the southern border, on the left takes the Yang (Tieye), Dalong, You, and Jinshui and on the right the Donggu and Taoxi, and flows southeast into Xixiang. To the north the Xu flows west through Chenggu, re-enters the southwest border, and joins the Han. To the north is Huayang Garrison Camp. To the northeast is the Maoping garrison post. The assistant magistrate was posted at Huayang. Also four market towns: Weimen, Zhenfu, Xiecun, and Xushui. Xixiang: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Two hundred forty li east of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is the Greater Ba. The Lesser Ba. To the south is Mount Zaojun. To the northeast is Raofeng Ridge. To the southeast is Mount Ziwu. The Han enters from Yang; on the left the Ziwu (Jiaoxi) joins the Ningshan Wen and flows southwest into it; the Muma enters from Chenggu, runs southeast of the city, joins the Yang, Baitie, and Shenxi, and flows northeast into it. It turns east into Shiquan, with the Gaochuan following. To the southwest the Puti flows south into Tongjiang in Sichuan. To the north is the Sishang garrison post. The assistant magistrate was posted at Wuliba; in Jiaqing 7 he was moved here from Dachiba. A patrol inspectorate was posted at Daba Pass. The salt-field patrol inspectorate was abolished in Jiaqing 7. Two market towns: Chaxi and Ziwu. Feng: Vital. Three hundred eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Hongya. To the north is Douji. To the northeast is Mount Huangniuzhai. The Gudao—the upper Jialing—enters from Baoji, runs northeast and takes the Sancha, turns west and joins the Huanghua and Ma'anshan, reaches Shuangshipu where the Hongya enters from the right, and flows into Liangdang in Gansu. The Yeyang enters from Liuba, runs south of the city, joins the Donggou, and enters Lueyang. To the southwest is Xianren Pass. To the northeast is Dasan Pass, where the Han-Feng garrison camp was posted. To the southeast is Tielu River Garrison Camp. To the northeast is the Huangniubao garrison post. Four market towns: Nanxing, Miaotaizi, Fangshi, and Baishi. Three courier stations: Caoliang, Sancha, and Liangshan. The assistant magistrate and patrol inspectorate were both posted at Sancha. Ningqiang Prefecture: Vital, Taxed, Difficult. Three hundred eighty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Longtou. To the northwest is Jiming. To the northeast is Mount Wuding, where a pass stands. To the north is Mount Bozhong, where the Han rises—first known as the Yang; it joins the Wuding Gorge and Huangtongpu and flows northeast into the Mian. The Yudai rises at Jianzhu Ridge in the southwest, runs north of the city, takes the Baiyan as the Baiyan River, and likewise flows north into the Mian. The Western Han runs along the western border, takes the Qidao, flows southwest into Guangyuan in Sichuan, and becomes the Jialing. To the northwest is Yangping Pass, where the prefectural vice-magistrate was posted. Two garrison posts: Da'an and Huangba. To the northwest is Qingniao market town. Two courier stations: Bolin and Huangba. Mian: Vital. Four hundred ten li west of the prefectural seat. To the north is Mount Tie. To the southeast is Mount Dingjun. To the northeast are Tiandang and Wuxing. To the northwest is Jiake. The Yang enters from western Ningqiang, takes the Baiyan from the southwest and the Ju from the north, flows southwest along Lueyang's eastern border, reenters the county's west as the Hei and joins from the south, whereupon it is called the Mian; it runs south of the city and flows east into Baocheng. To the northwest is the Hei River garrison post. Four market towns: Huangsha, Jiuzhou, Yuanshan, and Qingyang. Three courier stations: Huangsha, Shunzheng, and Dayao. Lueyang: Vital. Two hundred ninety li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north is Qingni Ridge. To the northwest is Shajin Ridge. To the southeast is Mount Dabing, where the Bing Cave lies. The Gudao enters from Huixian in Gansu, joins the Zhuo from the northeast, and enters as the Baishui. To the west the Western Han—that is, the Xiniu—enters from Chengxian in Gansu, meets the Shimen, and becomes the Jialing. It turns again southwest, takes the Badu, receives the Luosuo on the right, passes Mount Yezhu, and enters Ningqiang. The Ju runs northeast, joins the Lengshui, and reenters the Mian to the southeast. To the northeast is the Baishui River garrison post. Two market towns: Xiakou and Shimen. Foping Subprefecture: Key. Four hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. During the Jiaqing reign an assistant magistrate for Zhongyang was posted at Yuanjiazhuang under Xi'an Prefecture. In Daoguang 5 territory was carved from Zhouzhi and Yang to establish it; the assistant magistrate was abolished, a subprefect was appointed, and it was placed under this prefecture. To the south are Mount Guan and Mount Ao. To the east is Tianhua. To the northwest are the Qinling and Taibai. To the west at Yangjiagoukou the Xu rises; the Mahuang Gou flows south from Baoji into it and continues south into Yang. The Hei rises at Beishanzi, joins the Mang and Badou from the northeast, and enters Zhouzhi. The Jiaoxi rises east of the subprefecture and flows southeast into Ningshan. To the northeast is Luogu Pass: its north mouth lay in Zhouzhi, its south mouth in Yang, and between them it ran through the subprefecture by the Eighteen Turns. There were two garrison posts: Huangbai and Houzhenzi. A patrol inspectorate was posted at Yuanjiazhuang. Dingyuan Subprefecture: Key. Four hundred li southeast of the prefectural seat. In Jiaqing 7 territory was carved from Xixiang to establish it, and a subprefect was appointed. To the west is Jinzhu. To the south is Guiren. To the northwest is Fuzi Mountain. To the east is Mount Xingzi, where the Yang rises as the Qingliang Stream; it runs south of the city, joins the Xiaoyang and Qiligou, turns northwest, and enters Xixiang. The Chu in the northeast and the Shuangbei in the southeast both flow southeast into Ziyang. The Yu in the southeast and the Ba in the northwest both flow southwest into Tongjiang in Sichuan. Three garrison posts: Washiping, Yuduba, and Guanyintang. Patrol inspectorates were posted at Yuduba and Jianchiba. Liuba Subprefecture: Vital, Busy, Difficult. One hundred forty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Originally part of Feng County; under the Ming a patrol inspectorate was established. In Qianlong 15 the Hanzhong bandit-catching vice-prefect was moved here to take up post. In Qianlong 30 it was carved out and established, charged with comforting the people. In Qianlong 39 a subprefect was installed in its place. To the northwest is Mount Zibai; east of it lies Chaiguan Ridge. To the northwest the Taibai, upper reach of the Bao, enters from Baoji and takes the Hongyan as the Zijin. The Guochuan likewise enters from Baoji, runs southeast, takes the Wenchuan and Qingyang, then receives the Wuguan farther south and enters Baocheng. The Yeyang rises at Mount Zibai and flows northwest into Feng. To the northeast is the Xijiangkou garrison post. A patrol inspectorate was posted at Nanxing. The Wuguan patrol inspectorate was abolished. Three courier stations: Songlin, Liuba, and Wuguan.
9
西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 簿 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西
Xing'an Prefecture: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Subordinate to Shaan'an Circuit. The regional commander was posted here. Under the Ming it was called Xing'an Prefecture and governed six counties. In Qianlong 47 it was promoted to a prefecture, Ankang County was made the seat, and Hanyin was merged into it. In Qianlong 55 Hanyin Subprefecture was restored. Six hundred eighty li north of the provincial seat. It measured seven hundred sixty li across and six hundred twenty li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 32 degrees 32 minutes. Seven degrees 6 minutes west of the capital. It governed one subprefecture and six counties. Ankang: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Seat-attached county. Under the Ming it was Xing'an Prefecture; old and new seats both lay south of the Han; in Wanli 11 the new seat was moved. In Shunzhi 4 it returned to the old seat. In Kangxi 46 it was again moved to the new seat. In Qianlong 47 the prefecture was promoted and reorganized. To the north are Meihua and Niushou. To the south is Zhaotai. To the west is Fenghuang. To the northeast is Mount Baiyun. To the southwest is Mount Wei. The Han entered along the border from Ziyang to the west, turned north, ran north of the city, took the Dadao on the right and the Haoping, Yue, and Shentan on the left, and flowed northeast into Xunyang. To the southeast is the Baxian River garrison post. The vice-prefect and assistant magistrate were both posted at Zhuanping in the southwest. To the west are two market towns: Taijiao and Hengkou. Pingli: Simple. One hundred eighty li southeast of the prefectural seat. The old seat lay at Guanhekou in the northwest. In Jiaqing 8 it was moved to Baituguan as the present seat. To the northwest is Nüwa North. To the north is Bali Ridge. To the west is Jinping. To the southwest is Shiliang. The Lan rises on Huachi Ridge; west of it the Huangyang joins the Guan; both enter Ankang, flow north, and join the Han. To the east the Chong joins the Qiu, flows north into Xunyang as the Ba, and joins the Han. To the southeast the Nanjiang flows east into Zhushan in Hubei. The assistant magistrate was posted at Zhenping. Xunyang: Simple. One hundred twenty li east of the prefectural seat. To the north is Mount Yang. To the northeast are Shuiyin and Mount Long. To the southeast is Mount Zijing. To the south are Jiangjun and Nühua. To the northwest is Miaoya, where the Fujia rises, enters Ankang, and joins the Han. The Han from the west ran south of the city; the Xun joined the Qianyou and Renhe flowing south into it, then farther east took the Shu and Xian and entered Baihe. To the south is the Qiliguan Pass garrison post. Baihe: Simple. Four hundred li east of the prefectural seat. In Jiaqing 2 the outer wall was expanded. To the south is Mount Longgang. To the northeast is Mount Xiyi. The Han entered from Xunyang, ran west north of the city, took the Lengshui and Baishi on the right, and flowed east into Yun in Hubei. Ziyang: Simple. Two hundred forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the east is Santai. To the south is Sanjian. To the southeast is Banchang. To the south is Mount Weng, with the Ziyang Cave below. Farther south is Mount Wangfu. The Han entered from Hanyin, ran along its west and bent south; the Ren joined the Zixi flowing from the southwest into it, then flowed east south of the city, took the Ru and Dong, and flowed northeast into Ankang, with the Haoping following. At Maoba Pass the registrar was posted. Shiquan: Simple. Two hundred seventy li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east is Mount Maling. To the south is Yindong. To the west is Mount Tianchi. To the west is Raofeng Ridge, where there was formerly a pass. The Chang'an entered from Ningshan, received the Wenshui, entered Xixiang, and joined the Han. The Han from the western border turned southwest to take the Zhenzhu, then flowed east south of the city, took the Jiang and Chi, and flowed southeast into Hanyin. The Fushui entered from Xixiang, ran east past Wushiliang, and followed with it. Hanyin Department: Busy, Taxed, Difficult, Simple. One hundred eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was a county. In Qianlong 47 it was annexed into Ankang and a salt-and-banditry vice-prefect was installed. In the fifty-fifth year it was restored as a department with a pacification magistrate. To the southeast is Mount Liangmen. To the northeast is Mount Chaoyang. To the south are Wenhua and Mount Fengtian. The Chi entered from Ningshan and joined Longwang Gully,
10
西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西
then flowed southwest into Shiquan and joined the Han. The Han from the southwest ran south of the city, took the Fushui and Muxi, and flowed southeast into Ziyang. The Yue rose on the Fenling west of the department, received the Huashi, flowed southeast into Ankang, joined the Heng, and poured into the Han. Yan'an Prefecture: Busy, Difficult. Subordinate to the Yan-Yu-Sui Circuit. Under the Ming it governed three prefectures and sixteen counties. In Yongzheng 3 (1725) Fu, Suide, and Jia were promoted to directly administered prefectures, and Luochuan, Zhongbu, Yijun, Mizhi, Qingjian, Wubu, Shenmu, and Fugu were detached to fall under them. Early in Qianlong, Dingbian and Jingbian from Yulin were placed under its jurisdiction. It lies 740 li south of the provincial seat. It measured 480 li across and 390 li from north to south. Its latitude was 36°42′ N. It lay 7°04′ west of the capital meridian. It governed ten counties. Fushi: Simple. Seat-attached county. To the west is Mount Fenghuang, which the city straddles. To the north is Fulong. To the northeast is Qingliang. To the southeast is Jialing. To the south is Wohu. The Yan entered from Ansai, flowed northwest then east; the Xichuan flowed east into it, then the Nanhe flowed north into it; it then wound northeast, took Fenglin Stream and Qinghua Water on the left, and flowed east into Yanchang. To the south is the Petroleum Spring. Ansai: Simple. Forty li north of the prefectural seat. To the north is Yuntai. To the east is Tianze. To the west is Mount Long'an. The Yan entered from Bao'an, received the Xingzi on the northwest, ran south of the city, wound southeast, and entered Fushi. To the southwest the Luo flows south into Ganquan. To the north there is a border wall. Ganquan: Simple. Ninety li south of the prefectural seat. To the northeast is Mount Fulu. To the south are Qinmao and Mount Wenquan. The Luo entered from Ansai, received Zixiuchuan, Beihe, and Meishui on the right and Qingquan Water and Manzhang River on the left, and flowed south into Fu Prefecture. To the southwest is Ganquan, from which the county takes its name. At Linzhen Market Town the assistant magistrate was posted. Anding: Simple. One hundred eighty li north of the prefectural seat. To the east is Mount Peng. To the west is Zushi. To the south is Mount Zushi. To the northwest is Mount Gaobai, where the Huaining rises—also called Zouma Water; farther northeast is East Gully; both flow east into Qingjian. The Xiuyan entered from Ansai—that is, the North River, commonly called the County River—ran north of the city, joined Genshui and Geban Stream, and flowed southeast also into Qingjian. To the south Qinghua Water flows south into Fushi. Bao'an: Simple. Two hundred twenty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east is Aihao Ridge. To the south is Mount Shiloutai. To the west is Jiuwu. The Luo entered from Jingbian, ran west of the city, took the Liangjia, Wubu, and Zhou rivers, and flowed southeast into Ansai. To the north the Xingzi also entered from Jingbian and joined it. It has two market towns: Shajia and Jingyuan. Yichuan: Simple. Two hundred eighty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east is Mount Fengchi. To the north is Shiguan Pass. To the southwest is Danyang. To the southeast is Mount Pangu. The Yellow River entered from Yanchuan; the Yan extended from the south, ran northeast, and joined it. Farther south it passed Hukou, took the Yunkhe, passed Mengmen, received Yinchuan Water (the Xichuan), and flowed southeast into Hancheng. To the north are the market towns of Baizhi and Jiaokou. Yanchuan: Simple. One hundred ninety li northeast of the prefectural seat. West of the city is West Mountain. To the east is East Peak. To the northwest is Mount Qingmei. The Yellow River entered from Qingjian; at Laolongkou the Xiuyan joined the Qingping, Nanzhan, and other streams, flowed southeast into it, then continued south into Yanchang. To the northwest is Yongping Village, which has a petroleum well. Yanchang: Simple. One hundred fifty li east of the prefectural seat. To the northeast is Duzhan. To the north is Mount Gaonu. West: the Yan entered from Fushi, ran past the city, took Guanzikou on the right and Xiaopuyuan on the left, ran east past Mount Cuiping, received the Sujia, took Angou on the right, and flowed southeast into Yichuan. To the northwest Jiaokou Water flows east to Yanchuan and joins the Yan. To the south is Mount Jinping; below it there was formerly a petroleum well. In Guangxu 32 (1906) they drilled by the new method; oil was abundant and of fine quality. Petroleum is also produced in several nearby counties, including Fushi, Yanchuan, and Yijun. Dingbian: Vital, Busy. Three hundred fifty li northwest of the prefectural seat. In Ming Zhengtong 2 (1437) Dingbian Camp was established under Yan'an Garrison. In Yongzheng 9 (1731) it was established from the five forts of Dingbian, Yanchang, Zhuanjing, Anbian, and Liushujian, subordinate to Yulin Prefecture. Early in Qianlong it came under this prefecture. To the southeast is Mount Nanliang. To the northwest is Mount Bailu—that is, Mount Baiyu—where the Luo rises. It takes the Beichuan and Lang'ergou on the right, then flows east; it takes Wucangpo Water on the left and flows southeast into Bao'an. South: Sanshan Water, also called Gengjia River, entered from Ling Prefecture in Gansu, joined Huangjia Spring again, and flowed southwest into Huan County, Gansu. To the north a border wall enters from Huamachi in Gansu and runs southeast to Jingbian. West: Yanchang Fort, where an assistant magistrate was posted; later abolished. Jingbian: Vital, Difficult. Three hundred li northwest of the prefectural seat. In Ming Chenghua 11 (1475) Jingbian Camp was established under Yansui Garrison. At the beginning of Shunzhi it became Jingbian Garrison. In Yongzheng 2 (1724) a subprefect was appointed; in Yongzheng 9 it was established from the five forts of Anbian, Ansai, Zhenluo, Zhenjing, and Longzhou, subordinate to Yulin Prefecture. Early in Qianlong it came under this prefecture. To the southwest is Mount Dabailianhua. To the east is Mount Jiangan. To the southeast is Luguan Ridge. The Hongliu in the west and the Qiaomai in the east converge north of the city, exit north through the border wall, turn east, re-enter the Huaiyuan border wall, and become the Yin River. To the northeast the Siwan and Dali rivers both flow east into Huaiyuan. Two garrison posts: Longzhou Fort and Ningsai Fort. Also the Ningtiao Ridge garrison post, where a patrol inspector was also posted.
11
沿西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 禿 西 西 西西 禿 西 西 西西
Yulin Prefecture: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Seat of the Yan-Yu-Sui Circuit. At first, following the Ming system, eastern, central, and western circuit intendancies were established. In Kangxi 1 (1662) the western circuit was merged into the central. In Yongzheng 9 (1731) the central became the Yu-Jia Circuit and the eastern the Yan-Sui-Fu Circuit. Changed again in Qianlong 26 (1761). The regional commander was also stationed here. Under the Ming it was called Yulin Guard. In Yongzheng 9 Yulin Prefecture was established, together with the four counties of Yulin, Huaiyuan, Dingbian, and Jingbian. Early in Qianlong, Dingbian and Jingbian were placed under Yan'an Prefecture, Jia was reduced from a prefecture, and Shenmu and Fugu under it came under Yulin. It lies 1,350 li south of the provincial seat. It measured 520 li across and 222 li from north to south. Its latitude was 38°18′ N. It lay 7°06′ west of the capital meridian. It governed one prefecture and four counties. Yulin: Vital, Difficult. Seat-attached county. It was formed from the five forts of Shuangshan, Changle, Bao'an, Guide, and Yuhe; in Ming Chenghua 7 (1471) Yulin Guard was established. In Yongzheng 2 it was abolished and merged into Suide; in Yongzheng 9 the county was re-established as the prefectural seat. East of the city is Mount Tuo. To the north is Mount Hong, topped with beacon towers. To the southeast is Mount Shi. The Wuding entered from Huaiyuan, ran west past the south of the city, and turned east. The Qingshui, also called the West River (the Yulin River), entered from the border, took various county streams on the northwest, flowed southeast into it, then continued southeast into Mizhi. To the northeast the Jialu Stream, also called the Sha River, flows southeast into Jia Prefecture. On the northwest border wall are two garrison posts: Yuhe Fort and Changle Fort. To the south is Suijin Market Town. Two courier stations: Yulin and Yuhe. Huaiyuan: Vital. One hundred sixty li west of the prefectural seat. In the Ming Tianshun period Huaiyuan Fort was established, subordinate to Yulin Guard. In Yongzheng 2 it was reassigned to Suide. In Yongzheng 9 it was established from the five forts of Huaiyuan, Boluo, Xiangshui, Weiwei, and Qingping, and came under this prefecture. To the south is Mount Huoshi. To the east is Wulong. To the southwest is Mount Longfeng. The Wuding is the Sheng; upstream it is the Etunhun, also called the Sheyan and Huanghudou; it entered from the Ordos Right Banner, ran north of the city eastward, took Yingdiliang, Heishuitou, Shizi, and other streams, and flowed east into Yulin. To the southwest the Yin entered from Jingbian, flowed northeast, ran north of the city, exited through the border wall, and joined the Wuding. To the south the Dali entered from Jingbian, joined the Xiaoli, flowed east into Mizhi, then passed southeast of the city and entered Mizhi again. To the northwest is the border wall. Jia Prefecture: Taxed, Difficult. One hundred seventy li southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Yan'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. In the early Qianlong period it was again demoted to a district and came under this jurisdiction. To the south is Baiyun. To the north is the First Peak. To the west is Xiling Ridge. The Yellow River entered from Shenmu; from the south the Tuwu—that is, the Tuohun—ran north of the city and flowed southeast to join it. The Jialu from the southwest joined the Wunü, flowed east to join it, then farther south took the Wulong and Heyechuan and entered Wubu. Shenmu: Vital, Busy. Two hundred forty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Jia Prefecture. In the early Qianlong period it came under this jurisdiction. To the west is Biji. To the southeast is Tiantai. To the east is Mount Longyan. To the northeast is Xiangshi Cliff; the Shima issues there, enters Fugu, and joins the river. The river turned southwest to enter, took the Quye, Qin, Sichang, Daboyou, and Bolin streams, and flowed southwest into Jia. The Tuwu entered from the border, joined the Yongli, and followed it. Shenmu Camp, where the subprefectural vice-prefect for management of affairs was posted. To the southwest is the Bolin Fort garrison post. Fugu: Vital. Two hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Jia Prefecture. In the early Qianlong period it came under this jurisdiction. To the north is Mount Gaoliang. To the southwest is Youbao. To the east is Mount Wulong. The Yellow River from the Ordos Left Banner followed the eastern border south, took the Huangfu and Qingshui, passed the southern border; the Gushan from the northwest joined the Zhenqiang, Majiagou, and Mugua, flowed southeast to join it, then farther southwest took the Shima and entered Shenmu. There are three garrison posts: Gushan Fort, Muguayuan Fort, and Qingshui Fort. A patrol inspector was posted at Madigou. The courier stations at Fugu, Gushan, and Zhenqiang were abolished.
12
西 西 西 西 西 西西 祿 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西
Qianzhou Directly Administered Prefecture: Vital, Busy, Difficult. Subordinate to the Xi-Qian-Fu Circuit. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. One hundred sixty li southeast from the provincial seat. Ninety-five li across, two hundred twenty li long. North latitude 34°33′. 8°15′ west of the capital. It administered two counties. To the northwest is Mount Liang. To the northeast is Jizi Mound. To the west is Mingyue. North: Mogou Water; northwest: Wu Water, also called Wuting Water—that is, Du Water—all ran past the southwest of the city and into Wugong. To the northeast Gan Water took Gangou and flowed east into Liquan. Seven market towns: Xuelu, Lumo, Linping, Yangyu, Fengshi, Yanghong, and Guantou. One courier station: Weisheng. Wugong: Vital, Busy. Sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the east is East Plain. To the west is West Plain. To the southwest is Sanchi Plain. The Wei entered from Fufeng, ran south of the city; in the Jiaqing period it shifted north and flowed east into Xingping. To the northwest Wu Water entered from the prefecture, ran north of the city, joined Mogou Water, then southeast the Wei Creek flowed east to converge, and south again into Xingping. Qingshui entered from Zhouzhi, flowed northeast, ran southeast of the city, and east to Xingping joined the Wei. Six market towns: Weigong, Youfeng, Puji, Dazhuang, Yangling, and Yong'an. One courier station: Taiyang. Yongshou: Vital. Ninety li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is Mount Wuling. To the north is the watershed divide, from which Gan Water issues and runs east of the city; Mogou Water also issues there and runs west of the city; both flow south into the prefecture. Wu Water issues south of Mount Shiniu in the southwest, runs northwest of the prefecture, then again runs south of the county and into the prefecture. To the northwest the Baijia flowed northeast into Bin Prefecture and joined Taigu Water. To the north is the Lügong Canal; to the southwest are the Zhao Family, Li Family, and Du canals. Four market towns: Dijiao, Haodian, Jianjun, and Yibing. One courier station: Yong'an.
13
西 西 西 西 西西 西 西巿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西
Shangzhou Directly Administered Prefecture: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Subordinate to the Tong-Shang Circuit. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. Three hundred li northwest from the provincial seat. Four hundred sixty li across. Four hundred thirty li long. North latitude 33°49′. 6°35′ west of the capital. It administered four counties. To the southeast is Mount Shang. To the west is Mount Xionger. To the east is Jiguan. To the north are Jinfeng and Xiaohua. To the west is Xiyan. To the northwest is Zhongling—that is, the Qin Mountains. The Dan, also called the Dan Jiang, issues from its eastern foothills, joins the Heilongyu, flows southeast, takes the Shuidao and Lincha, passes south of the city, takes Rushui, then southeast takes the Laojunyu and enters Shanyang. It has the market towns of Shangluo, Laojundian, Huangchuan, Dajing, Quancun, Xishi, and Fengyang. The Longju Village garrison post, where a deputy prefect was also posted. Farther east is the Wuguan garrison post. Zhen'an: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Three hundred forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north are Mounts Dujia, Changling, and Tianshu. To the southeast is Shilü. To the northeast is Menggu Valley. The Jinjing entered along the border from Xiaoyi, joined the Shechuan, and flowed southeast into Shanyang. To the north the Qianyou ran southeast of the city, took the Xian, Lengshui, and southwest Xun, joined the Xiaoren, and all flowed southeast into Xunyang. Also to the southwest the Daren likewise flowed southeast into Xunyang and joined the Xun. There was a Zhen'an Camp garrison. Luonan: Simple. Ninety li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the north is Mount Yuntang. To the northeast is Yanghua. To the southeast is Wang Qiao. To the west is Mount Zhongling; the Luo issues there, runs southeast past Yuanhu Mountain, north takes Wenyuchuan, east runs north of the city, joins Shimen Creek, east meets the Xian (former county river), Lingshui, and Yaoshui, passes Xionger Mountain, and north into Lushi in Henan. The Sanyao Inspectorate, where a patrol inspector was posted. The Jitou Pass garrison post. Shanyang: Simple. One hundred twenty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Mount Tianzhu. To the north are Lianhua and Yuanwu. To the east is Mount Gu. To the west is Sanfeng. To the southwest the Jinjing—that is, the Jia—entered from Zhen'an, joined Huashui, and reached Hehekou south of the city. Anwu Water—that is, Guanfu—ran west of the city, joined the Xian and Tongyu, then east took the Dongjiagou, Jian, and Manchuan and other streams, south into Yunxi in Hubei, and joined the Han. To the east the Dan Jiang, together with the Yinhua, flowed into Shangnan. Two garrison posts: Zhulin Pass and Manchuan Pass. Shangnan: Simple. Two hundred fifty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south is Mount Shangluo. To the east is Yunan. To the southeast is Mount Qing. To the northeast is Mount Jiao. The Dan entered from the prefecture, southwest took the Yinhua and became two rivers, then east received the Wuguan and Qingyou, ran south of the city, joined the Xian and Xiang, and east into Xichuan in Henan. There was a Fushui Pass garrison post.
14
西 西 西 西西 祿 西 西 西 西 西 西 耀 西 西 西 祿
Binzhou Directly Administered Prefecture: Simple. Subordinate to the Feng-Bin Circuit. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Xi'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. Three hundred twenty li southeast from the provincial seat. Two hundred ninety li across and ninety-five li long. North latitude 35°4′. 8°23′ west of the capital. It administered three counties. To the south is Mount Bin. To the west is Wuliang. To the east is Puze Valley. The Jing entered along the border from Changwu, northwest then east, ran north of the city, joined the Anhua and Baituchuan (that is, Qishui), again joined the Xi and Nan, left took Huangjian and Guojian, then southeast to Duangjing Ford, right took the Taiyu, and along the Yongshou border into Chunhua. Seven market towns: Gaocun, Dayu, Yilu, Tingkou, Yongle, Shidian, and Baiji. One courier station: Xinping. Sanshui: Simple. Sixty li northeast of the prefectural seat. East of the city is Cuiping. To the southeast is Mount Shimen; Qilichuan issues there—that is, the Jiangyuan—and southwest into Chunhua. To the northeast Bi Water, also named the Xian, entered from Yibin, took the Lianjia and Canger Gou, ran south of the city, and together southwest into the prefecture. To the northwest Daling Water—that is, Huangjian—entered from Zhengning in Gansu, met Luochuan; south of it Liangqu Creek—that is, Guojian—merged into the prefecture. Also to the northwest Maling Water entered Ning Prefecture in Gansu. Five market towns: Tuqiao, Zhanghong, Taiyu, Zhitian, and Dimiao. Chunhua: Simple. One hundred forty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the northeast is Mount Shoufeng. To the northwest is Mount Ganquan. To the west the Jing's left distributary entered from Jing, took the Jiangyuan, ran south of the city into Liquan. Yegu issues from Mount Xiezizhang north of the county, bends east, runs east of the city, gathers Ganquan, Zouma, and Hulu, and southeast into Jingyang. To the northeast Qingshui entered along the border from Yao, flowed southeast, and re-entered it. Six market towns: Changshi, Dadian, Shiqiao, Xindian, Tongrun, and Jiangyuan. Changwu: Simple. Eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the west is Chungu Plain. To the north is Shenlong. To the south is Mount Yi. The Jing entered from Jing Prefecture in Gansu, ran along the northern border, took the Malian, turned south east of the city, to north of Mount Huilong. To the southwest Heishui—that is, Rui Water—joined Nashui, flowed southeast to join it, and again southeast into Bin. Three market towns: Tingkou, Randian, and Yaodian. One courier station: Yilu.
15
西 西 西 西西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西
Fuzhou Directly Administered Prefecture: Busy, Taxed, Difficult. Subordinate to the Xi-Qian-Fu Circuit. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Yan'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture. Five hundred fifty li south from the provincial seat. Three hundred fifty li across and three hundred eighty-five li long. North latitude 36°4′. 7°11′ west of the capital. It administered three counties. To the south is Mount Gaonu. To the northeast is Jinshi. To the north is Kaiyuan Slope. To the north the Luo entered from Ganquan, flowed south, took Caitongchuan and Niuwu, ran southeast of the city; Xiangxi joined Kaifu, and from Luochuan with the Jiezi came to join it, then south again into Luochuan. To the northwest Huachi Water—that is, Qingshui—entered from Heshui in Gansu, ran west of the city, met Heishui, then south took the Zhidao and Sanchuan, southwest into Zhongbu. The assistant prefect was stationed at Wangjiajiao Market Town. Also five market towns: Jiaodao, Tunmo, Zhangcun, Longyi, and Niuwu. Luochuan: Simple. Seventy li southeast of the prefectural seat. The former seat was in the northeast. In Qianlong 31 it was moved to Fengqibao, which became the present seat. To the north is Mount Gaomiao. To the southeast is Lanke. To the south is Mount Fuzhi. The Luo from the northwest flowed south, took the Dujia, and entered Zhongbu. The Dongxiangong and Huangliang ran south of the city, flowed southwest to join it, and south again into Zhongbu. To the southeast the Yujin flowed southwest into Yijun. Also Nanchuan flowed east into Yichuan. Sixteen market towns: Xiangong, Baicheng, Huashi, Tuji, Huanglian, Wuzhuang, Xingping, Liangyuan, Lesheng, Huazhuang, Zhuniu, Hanzhai, Xiangxi, Jinmeng, Yongxiang, and Yujin. Zhongbu: Simple. One hundred forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. North of the city is Mount Qiao. To the northwest is Shitang. The Luo entered from Luochuan, right took Huachi, Ju, Xiangchuan, and Wujiao, and south again into Yijun. Five market towns: Beigu, Bao'an, Mengjia, Lubao, and Longfang. One courier station: Zhidao. Yijun: Simple. Two hundred ten li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southeast is Mount Qin. To the northwest is Taibai. To the southwest is Qinglong. The Luo from the northeast flowed south, right took Shipanchuan, left took the Sha—that is, the Yujin—and south again into Baishui. To the southwest the Chandai joined the Yuhua Stream, flowed northeast through Zhongbu, and emptied into the Ju. The Malan River also flowed southwest into Sanshui. The Yaoqu Stream flowed southeast into Tongguan. At Malan Market Town a patrol office was posted. Six more market towns: Leiyuan, Wuli, Xingtou, Shiti, Pianqiao, and Tuquan. At Yaoqu Village west of the county seat there was a petroleum well.
16
西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西
Suide Directly Administered Prefecture: Vital, Busy. It was subordinate to the Yan-Yu-Sui Circuit. Under the Ming it belonged to Yan'an Prefecture. It governed one county. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to a directly administered prefecture, and Qingjian was transferred from Yan'an. In Qianlong 1 Wubao was transferred from Jia Prefecture. It lay 1,100 li southwest of the provincial seat. It measured 270 li across and 245 li from north to south. Its latitude was 37°37′ N. It lay 6°25′ west of the capital meridian. It governed three counties. Within the city stands Shushu Mountain. To the southwest is Diaoyin. To the west is Helong. To the east is Fenghuang Mountain. The Yellow River entered from Wubao and flowed south into Qingjian. The Wuding entered from Mizhi, reached the northeast of the city, took the Dali and Huaining on the right, and flowed southeast into Qingjian. One courier station: Yihe. Mizhi: Simple. One hundred forty li south of the prefecture seat. To the south is Wenping. To the north is Gaojia Mountain. The Wuding entered from Yulin, passed west of the city, took the Beichuan on the left, and the Dali came from Huaiyuan in the southwest; all flowed south into the prefecture. One courier station: Yinchuan. Qingjian: Simple. One hundred forty li south of the prefecture seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Yan'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was placed under this prefecture. Within the city stands Caochang Mountain. To the west are Bijia and Fengtai. To the north is Guan Mountain. The Yellow River followed the eastern border south; the Wuding came from the northeast, flowed southeast into it, then continued south into Yanchuan. To the west the Xiuyan—also called the Ru or Qingjian—flowed east, took the Shizi, turned southeast, took the Podi, and flowed south into Yanchuan. To the northwest the Huaining flowed northeast into the prefecture. Two courier stations: Sheyan and Shizui. Wubao: Simple. One hundred forty li east of the prefecture seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Jia Prefecture. At the beginning of Qianlong it was placed under this prefecture. To the northwest is Gaoyuanzhai Mountain. To the south is Longfeng. To the north is Dajing. The Yellow River entered from Jia, ran northeast along the border, flowed southeast and took the Minzhou, then southwest took the Liuhao Gully, Xianggong Spring, Qingshui Gully, and other streams before turning southeast into the prefecture. Market towns: Songjiachuan, Chuankou, and Xinjiagou. One courier station: Hexi.
← Previous Chapter
Back to Chapters
Next Chapter →