1
志三十九
Treatise 39
2
地理十一
Geography 11
3
甘肅
Gansu
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甘肅:禹貢雍州南兼梁州。 之域。 明陝西布政使司及陝西行都指揮使司地。 清順治初,因明制,設甘肅巡撫,駐寧夏。 寧夏巡撫旋裁。 五年,徙甘肅巡撫駐蘭州。 康熙三年,分陝西為左、右布政使司,以右布政使司駐鞏昌,領四府如故。 六年,改陝西右布政使司為鞏昌布政使司。 七年,又改甘肅布政使司,徙治蘭州。 雍正三年,裁行都指揮使司及諸衛所,改置甘州、涼州、寧夏、西寧,升肅州及秦、階二州為直隸州。 乾隆三年,廢臨洮府徙蘭州,因更名。 二十四年,置安西府。 二十九年,裁巡撫,以陝甘總督治蘭州,行巡撫事。 三十八年,置鎮西府於巴里坤、迪化直隸州於烏魯木齊。 三十九年,降安西府為直隸州。 四十二年,升涇州為直隸州。 同治十一年,置化平川直隸廳。 十二年,升固原州為直隸州。 光緒十二年,新疆改建行省,割迪化、鎮西往屬。 東至陝西; 及鄜州、邠州。 南至四川; 保寧、龍安。 西南至青海; 北至阿拉善、額濟納二旗。 及喀爾喀札薩克圖汗部。 廣二千一百二十里,袤一千四百十里。 宣統三年,編戶九十萬六千六百三十九,口四百六十九萬一千六百二十。 領府八,直隸州六,直隸廳一,州六,廳八,縣四十七。 其名山:隴、嶓冢、崆峒、西傾、積石。 其大川:黃河、西漢、渭、涇、洮、湟。 其重險:蕭關、嘉峪、玉門。 其驛道:一,東南逾六盤達陝西長武; 一,西北渡河出嘉峪關達新疆哈密。 電線:西北通迪化,東南通西安。
Gansu: in the Tribute of Yu, the southern part of Yong Province and also Liang Province. That territory. Under the Ming it comprised the territory of the Shaanxi provincial administration commission and the Shaanxi regional military commission. In the early Shunzhi reign the Qing followed the Ming system and established a Gansu governor-general, stationed at Ningxia. The Ningxia post was soon abolished. In the fifth year the Gansu governor-general was moved to Lanzhou. In the third year of Kangxi, Shaanxi was divided into eastern and western provincial administration commissions; the western commission was stationed at Gongchang and continued to govern the same four prefectures. In the sixth year the western Shaanxi commission was renamed the Gongchang provincial administration commission. In the seventh year it was renamed again the Gansu provincial administration commission and the seat was moved to Lanzhou. In the third year of Yongzheng the regional military commission and all guard posts were abolished; Ganzhou, Liangzhou, Ningxia, and Xining were created; and Suzhou together with Qin and Jie prefectures were elevated to directly controlled prefectures. In the third year of Qianlong, Lintao prefecture was abolished and its seat moved to Lanzhou, and the prefecture was renamed accordingly. In the twenty-fourth year Anxi prefecture was established. In the twenty-ninth year the governorship was abolished, and the Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general at Lanzhou assumed its functions. In the thirty-eighth year Zhenxi prefecture was established at Barkol and Dihua directly controlled prefecture at Urumqi. In the thirty-ninth year Anxi prefecture was downgraded to a directly controlled prefecture. In the forty-second year Jingzhou was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi, Huapingchuan directly controlled subprefecture was established. In the twelfth year Guyuan was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture. In the twelfth year of Guangxu, when Xinjiang was reorganized as a province, Dihua and Zhenxi were detached and placed under it. On the east it borders Shaanxi, reaching Fuzhou and Binzhou. On the south it borders Sichuan, at Baoning and Long'an. On the southwest it borders Qinghai; on the north, the Alashan and Ejina banners; and the Khalkha Zasagtu Khanate of Mongolia. It measures 2,120 li from east to west and 1,410 li from north to south. In the third year of Xuantong there were 906,639 registered households and a population of 4,691,620. It comprised eight prefectures, six directly controlled prefectures, one directly controlled subprefecture, six dependent prefectures, eight subprefectures, and forty-seven counties. Its notable mountains include Long, Boshong, Kongtong, Xiqing, and Jishi. Its major rivers are the Yellow River, Xihan, Wei, Jing, Tao, and Huangshui. Its chief strategic passes are Xiaoguan, Jiayuguan, and Yumenguan. Its post roads: one runs southeast over Liupan to Changwu in Shaanxi; another runs northwest across the river, out through Jiayuguan to Hami in Xinjiang. Telegraph lines: northwest to Dihua, southeast to Xi'an.
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蘭州府:沖,繁,難。 陝甘總督,布政、提學、提法三使,巡警、勸業道駐。 明為州,屬臨洮府,領金、渭源、河州。 乾隆三年,徙臨洮府來治,更名,以所隸河州、狄道、渭源三州縣改屬,升狄道為州,置皋蘭縣為府治,兼割鞏昌府屬之靖遠隸之。 東北距京師四千四十里。 廣千二百二十五里,袤八百里。 北極高三十六度八分。 京師偏西四十二度三十四分。 領州二,縣四。 皋蘭沖,繁,疲,難。 倚。 城南五里,皋蘭山,五泉出其下。 百四十里,康狼山。 北:九州、台山、松山。 西:沃干嶺、馬銜山。 黃河,西南自河州入,西流,至孔家寺,折而東北,復東流,迤南,逕城北,至東坪,與金縣分界。 又東北,逕烏金峽,入靖遠。 洮水南自狄道入,西北流,至毛龍峽入黃河。 邊牆,西自平番來,起縣西北毛牛圈,東南迤至小蘆塘,入靖遠鹽池。 邊牆外,北與蒙古分界,有界碑六。 鎮一:納米。 驛三:蘭泉、沙井、摩雲。 縣丞駐紅水堡。 金沖,疲。 府東南八十里。 南:龕山。 西南:馬銜山。 東北:北巒山、車道嶺。 東:駝項。 西北:豬嘴。 黃河自皋蘭入,南新營河自狄道入,至大營川,右合瓦家河,左合清水河,合龕峪、徐家峽、大峽諸水,西北至皋蘭入於河。 黃河又東北過烏金峽入靖遠。 邊牆,西自皋蘭來,逾黃河南至索橋,合舊邊牆,東北入中衛。 驛二:定遠、清水。 狄道州繁,疲,難。 府南二百里。 南:抹邦山、煤山。 北:馬銜山,故關原。 西:西平山。 西南:十八盤山。 洮水,南自洮州入,合抹邦、東峪、三岔、留川四水及諸小水,屈曲北注,逕沙泥州判境,沙泥水出摩雲嶺西麓,西流入之。 洮水又北,入皋蘭。 州北河渠,雍正三年濬,引洮流溉田三百頃。 趙土司駐所,州東南六盤山麓。 驛四:沙泥、洮陽、窯店、慶平。 州判駐沙泥堡。 渭源沖,疲。 府南少東二百五十里。 西北:七峰山。 南:露骨。 西南:五行。 西:鳥鼠山,渭水出其北麓,東南流,逕城北,合清源、鍬峪兩水,東入隴西。 驛一:慶平。 靖遠疲,難。 府東北二百里。 明,靖虜衛。 雍正二年省衛,設同知,屬鞏昌。 八年置縣,裁同知。 乾隆三年來屬。 東:紅山、屈吳山。 南:烏蘭。 北:雪山。 黃河,西南自金縣入,至城北,祖厲河南自會寧來,會左關川水,北流入之。 黃河又納縣境諸水,北流,迤西逾邊牆,東北入中衛。 邊牆,自皋蘭紅水堡來,接中衛。 河州繁,疲,難。 府西南二百里。 陝西河州鎮總兵駐,雍正四年,省河水衛併入州屬。 北:鳳林山。 西南:石門山。 西北:小積石山,即水經注唐述山。 黃河,西自循化入,至積石關入州境,右納樣卑、吹麻、銀川三水,東逕城南,又東至蓮花寺。 大夏河,西南自循化來,會州境諸小水,屈曲北流入之。 黃河又東入皋蘭。 韓土司及土番、老鴉、端言、紅岩、牙黨、川撒諸族,分居州西境。 驛五:長安、鳳林、銀川、和政、定羌。 太子寺,州判駐。
Lanzhou Prefecture: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general, the provincial administration, education, and judicial commissioners, and the police and industry intendants. Under the Ming it was a prefecture subordinate to Lintao and governed Jin, Weiyuan, and Hezhou. In the third year of Qianlong the Lintao prefectural seat was moved here and the prefecture renamed; Hezhou, Didao, and Weiyuan were reassigned under it, Didao was elevated to a prefecture, Gaolan County was established as the prefectural seat, and Jingyuan was detached from Gongchang prefecture and placed under Lanzhou as well. It lies 4,040 li northeast of the capital. It measures 1,225 li from east to west and 800 li from north to south. Its latitude is 36°8′ north. It lies 42°34′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised two prefectures and four counties. Gaolan County: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Attached to the prefectural seat. Five li south of the city is Gaolan Mountain, from whose foot the Five Springs issue. One hundred forty li away is Kanglang Mountain. To the north: Jiuzhou, Taishan, and Songshan. To the west: Wogan Ridge and Maxian Mountain. The Yellow River enters from the southwest out of Hezhou and flows west; at Kongjia Temple it turns northeast, then flows east again, winding south past the north of the city wall to Dongping, where it forms the boundary with Jin County. It continues northeast through Wujin Gorge and enters Jingyuan. The Tao River enters from the south out of Didao, flows northwest, and at Maolong Gorge joins the Yellow River. The border wall comes from Pingfan in the west, begins at Maoniujuan northwest of the county, runs southeast to Xiaolutang, and enters the Jingyuan salt ponds. Beyond the border wall, to the north the boundary with Mongolia is marked by six boundary steles. One garrison: Nami. Three courier stations: Lanquan, Shajing, and Moyun. An assistant magistrate was stationed at Hongshuibao. Jin County: strategically important and taxing. It lies eighty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Kan Mountain. To the southwest: Maxian Mountain. To the northeast: Beiluan Mountain and Chedao Ridge. To the east: Tuoxiang. To the northwest: Zhuzui. The Yellow River enters from Gaolan; the Nanxinying River enters from Didao; at Dayingchuan the Wajia River joins from the right and the Qingshui River from the left; the Kan Valley, Xujia Gorge, Daxia, and other streams unite, and the waters flow northwest to Gaolan and enter the river. The Yellow River continues northeast through Wujin Gorge into Jingyuan. The border wall comes from Gaolan in the west, crosses south of the Yellow River to Suoqiao, joins the old border wall, and runs northeast into Zhongwei. Two courier stations: Dingyuan and Qingshui. Didao Prefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lies two hundred li south of the prefectural seat. To the south: Mobang Mountain and Mei Mountain. To the north: Maxian Mountain and the former Guanyuan plateau. To the west: Xiping Mountain. To the southwest: Eighteen Turns Mountain. The Tao River enters from the south out of Taozhou, receives the Mobang, Dongyu, Sancha, and Liuchuan rivers and various smaller streams, and winds northward through the territory of the Shani subprefectural judge; the Shani River rises on the western slope of Moyun Ridge and flows west to join it. The Tao River continues north into Gaolan. A canal north of the prefecture was dredged in the third year of Yongzheng to draw Tao River water and irrigate three hundred qing of fields. The Zhao native official's headquarters lay at the foot of Liupan Mountain southeast of the prefecture. Four courier stations: Shani, Taoyang, Yaodian, and Qingping. A subprefectural judge was stationed at Shanibao. Weiyuan County: strategically important and taxing. It lies two hundred fifty li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the northwest: Seven Peaks Mountain. To the south: Lugu. To the southwest: Wuxing. To the west is Bird-and-Rat Mountain; the Wei River rises on its northern slope, flows southeast past the north of the city wall, joins the Qingyuan and Qiaoyu rivers, and flows east into Longxi. One courier station: Qingping. Jingyuan County: taxing and difficult to administer. It lies two hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was Jinglu Guard. In the second year of Yongzheng the guard was abolished and a subprefect was established under Gongchang. In the eighth year a county was established and the subprefect was abolished. In the third year of Qianlong it was placed under Lanzhou. To the east: Hongshan and Quwu Mountain. To the south: Wulan. To the north: Snow Mountain. The Yellow River enters from the southwest out of Jin County and reaches the north of the city wall; the Zulie River comes from Huining in the south, joins the Zuoguan River, and flows north to enter it. The Yellow River then receives the various streams within the county, flows north, winds west across the border wall, and runs northeast into Zhongwei. The border wall comes from Hongshuibao in Gaolan and connects with Zhongwei. Hezhou Prefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lies two hundred li southwest of the prefectural seat. The Shaanxi Hezhou garrison commander-general was stationed here; in the fourth year of Yongzheng the Heshui Guard was abolished and merged into the prefecture. To the north: Fenglin Mountain. To the southwest: Shimen Mountain. To the northwest: Little Jishi Mountain, identified in the Water Classic Commentary as Tangshu Mountain. The Yellow River enters from the west out of Xunhua; at Jishi Pass it enters the prefecture, receives the Yangbei, Chuima, and Yinchuan rivers from the right, runs east past the south of the city wall, and continues east to Lianhua Temple. The Daxia River comes from Xunhua in the southwest, gathers the smaller streams within the prefecture, and winds north to join it. The Yellow River continues east into Gaolan. The Han native official and the Tufan, Laoya, Duanyan, Hongyan, Yadang, and Chuansa tribes were distributed across the western part of the prefecture. Five courier stations: Chang'an, Fenglin, Yinchuan, Hezheng, and Dingqiang. A subprefectural judge was stationed at Taizi Temple.
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平涼府:中,沖,繁。 平慶涇固化道治所。 明為府,領州三,縣七。 順治初,因明制。 乾隆四十三年,升涇州為直隸州。 同治十一年,割平涼、華亭、固原、隆德四州縣屬地置化平川直隸廳。 十二年,升固原州為直隸州。 西北距省治七百六十里。 廣五百里,袤五百八十里。 北極高三十五度三十五分。 京師偏西九度四十八分。 領州一,縣三。 平涼沖,疲,難。 倚。 西北:天壇。 東南:石馬。 西南:可藍。 西:空同山。 其支麓為笄頭、馬屯山、彈箏峽。 涇水北源西自固原州來,至沙溝門入境; 南源西自化平川廳來,至味子溝入境。 合流城西,右納大峽河,左納小蘆、大蘆、潘陰澗諸水,東南入涇州。 汭水西自崇信入,逕縣東南王家寺,東入涇州。 東:利民渠,明濬,縣南諸水匯焉。 峽石、安國二鎮。 驛一:高平。 華亭疲。 府南九十里。 東:義山。 西:隴山。 北接大漠,南抵汧隴。 西北:美高、朝那山。 汭水北源出縣西鍬頭津,南源出縣西大關山,東流夾城匯為一,又東,右納策底河,左納五村川水,東迤北入崇信。 盤口河出縣西南山中,東流,支津左出為五村川水,入崇信。 惠民渠,明濬,遏汭流引入城。 制勝、六盤關、三鄉、黃石河鎮。 驛一:瓦亭靜寧州沖,疲,難。 府西二百三十里。 東:隴山、上峽、東山。 南:石門。 西:西岩。 北:橫山。 苦水河即長源河,北自隆德入,環城南注,納甜水河及州境諸小水,屈曲南入秦安。 西:興隴渠,明濬。 驛一:涇陽。 隆德沖,難。 府西北百四十里。 乾隆四十三年,省庄浪縣,以其地來屬。 東:六盤山。 若水河,北自固原入; 納馬蓮川、濫泥河諸水,南入靜寧。 其東支甜水河,即隴水,亦出六盤,逕城北,西合底堡川、南源溝水,並從之。 驛一:隆城。 縣丞駐庄浪故城。
Pingliang Prefecture: moderate, strategically important, and busy. Seat of the Ping-Qing-Jing-Gu circuit intendant. Under the Ming it was a prefecture governing three dependent prefectures and seven counties. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained. In the forty-third year of Qianlong, Jingzhou was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi, territory was taken from Pingliang, Huating, Guyuan, and Longde to establish Huapingchuan directly controlled subprefecture. In the twelfth year Guyuan was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture. It lies 760 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measures 500 li from east to west and 580 li from north to south. Its latitude is 35°35′ north. It lies 9°48′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised one dependent prefecture and three counties. Pingliang County: strategically important, taxing, and difficult to administer. Attached to the prefectural seat. To the northwest: Tiantan. To the southeast: Shima. To the southwest: Kelan. To the west: Kongtong Mountain. Its spurs include Jitou, Matun Mountain, and Tanzheng Gorge. The northern source of the Jing River comes from Guyuan in the west and enters the county at Shagoumen; the southern source comes from Huapingchuan subprefecture in the west and enters at Weizigou. The streams unite west of the city; the Daxia River joins from the right and the Xiaolu, Dalu, Panyin Stream, and other waters from the left, and the river flows southeast into Jingzhou. The Rui River enters from Chongxin in the west, passes Wangjia Temple southeast of the county, and flows east into Jingzhou. To the east is the Limin Canal, dredged in the Ming, where the streams south of the county gather. Two garrisons: Xiashi and Anguo. One courier station: Gaoping. Huating County: taxing. It lies ninety li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Yishan. To the west: Long Mountain. It adjoins the great desert on the north and reaches the Qian-Long region on the south. To the northwest: Meigao and Chaona Mountain. The northern source of the Rui River rises west of the county at Qiaotou Ford and the southern source at Daguan Mountain; the streams flow east on either side of the city and unite, then continue east, receiving the Cedai River from the right and the Wucun River from the left, and wind northeast into Chongxin. The Pankou River rises in the mountains southwest of the county and flows east; a branch channel to the left forms the Wucun River and enters Chongxin. The Huimin Canal, dredged in the Ming, dams the Rui River and draws its water into the city. Garrisons at Zhisheng, Liupan Pass, Sanxiang, and Huangshihe. One courier station: Wating. Jingning Prefecture: strategically important, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lies two hundred thirty li west of the prefectural seat. To the east: Long Mountain, Shangxia, and Dongshan. To the south: Shimen. To the west: Xiyan. To the north: Hengshan. The Kushui River, also called the Changyuan River, enters from Longde in the north, loops south around the city, receives the Tianshui River and other smaller streams within the prefecture, and winds south into Qin'an. To the west is the Xinglong Canal, dredged in the Ming. One courier station: Jingyang. Longde County: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lies one hundred forty li northwest of the prefectural seat. In the forty-third year of Qianlong, Zhuanglang County was abolished and its territory placed under Longde. To the east: Liupan Mountain. The Ruoshui River enters from Guyuan in the north; receives the Malian River, Lanni River, and other streams, and flows south into Jingning. Its eastern branch, the Tianshui River or Long River, also rises at Liupan, passes north of the city wall, and west of the city joins the Dibao River and Nanyuan Gully stream, all flowing with it. One courier station: Longcheng. An assistant magistrate was stationed at the old Zhuanglang city.
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鞏昌府:沖,繁,疲,難。 隸平慶涇固化道。 明置府,領州三,縣十四。 順治初,因明制。 雍正七年,升秦、階二州為直隸州,降徽州為縣,及清水、秦安、禮、兩當隸秦州,以文縣、成縣隸階州。 八年,增置岷州及靖遠縣。 乾隆三年,割靖遠隸蘭州。 十三年,改洮州衛為廳來屬,旋並漳縣入隴西,隸鞏秦階道。 西北距省治四百二十里。 廣二百九十五里,袤千二百三十里。 北極高三十四度五十七分。 京師偏西十一度四十三分。 領廳一,州一,縣七。 隴西沖,繁。 倚。 東:三品石、仁壽。 北:赤亭。 西南:首陽。 西:西傾。 西北:八角山。 渭水,西自渭源入,合廣陽水為山河口,左合援陽河,右合科陽,逕城北,納縣境諸水,東南入寧遠。 漳水一曰清水河,西南自岷州入,逕漳縣故城南,東入寧遠。 鎮一:天衢。 驛二:通遠、三岔。 縣丞駐漳縣故城。 安定沖,難。 府北百六十里。 南:南安山。 東:照城、鳳凰。 西:西岩山。 東南:溫泉山。 北:車道峴。 關川水東源出縣南禪牧山麓,一曰東河,西北流,西源出縣西南胡麻嶺,一曰西河,東北流,逕縣城北,匯為一川,一曰北河,北入會寧。 鎮一:龜兒嘴。 驛四:延壽、通安、西鞏、秤鉤。 會寧沖,難。 府東北二百里。 東南:桃花。 北:烏蘭山,烏蘭關在其下。 南:鐵木山。 東北:屈吳山。 祖河出東南王家山,西流,厲河出南米家峽,北流,匯於城南,曰祖厲河。 左納西鞏驛水,右合倉下什子川,西北入靖遠。 關川水西南自安定入,逕縣境西北入靖遠。 鎮一:翟家。 驛四:保安、乾溝、郭城、青家。 通渭簡。 府東北二百里。 西北:筆架山。 東北:玉狼。 南:十八盤山。 華川水出會寧華川嶺,入縣境。 東南逕西河灣; 左合南家河,右龍尾溝,又東錯秦安,關川河從之。 再錯復入,為散渡河,合青石峽水、清溪,入伏羌。 鎮二:雞川、安遠。 寧遠沖。 府東南九十里。 南:銀觀峪。 西:廣吳山。 南:董墨。 東北:石門。 西南:武城。 渭水,西北自隴西入,逕鴛鴦嘴,合漳水及廣吳河,迤東逕城北,納縣境諸水,東入伏羌。 縣境濬渠二十七。 鎮六:馬務、威遠、來遠、落門、納泥、榆盤。 伏羌沖,難。 府東南百九十里。 南:天門山。 西:三都谷。 西南:硃圉山。 渭水,西自寧遠入,納南來諸水,逕城北,華川水北自通渭來注之,東入秦安。 藉水一曰烏油江,出縣南山中,東入秦州。 廣濟、陸田、通濟三渠,皆明濬。 西和疲。 府東南三百里。 東南:太祖山。 北:寶泉。 東北:雞峰。 西北:祁山。 西南:仇池山。 西漢水,東自禮縣入,逕縣北,橫水河逕城東,合葉家河、白水,仍西入禮縣。 復東流入境,逕縣南,江底河出縣西南香山,東南流注之,又東南入階州。 東北:鹽井。 鎮一:長道。 岷州疲,難。 府西南二百四十里。 明衛。 雍正八年改置。 北:岷山。 東南:岷瓘山。 洮水自西洮州廳入,東流過城北,疊藏河西南自楊土司境來,合多邦、綠園二水,北流注之。 洮水西北復入洮州廳。 岷瓘江一曰良恭河,出岷瓘山東麓分水嶺; 南流迤東入禮縣。 白龍江上源曰阿塢河,出岷瓘山西麓分水嶺,東南流,合數小水,曰岷江,又東南逕臨鋪江西入階州。 驛三:岷山、西津、酒店。 土司二:麻童、百林口堡。 番族一:沙庄。 洮州廳繁,難。 府西南三百六十里。 西南:西傾山。 山脈東迤,曰陰得爾圖塔拉山、綽那搜爾山、多克第山、阿穆尼恰珠溫恭山、多噶爾山。 洮水出西傾東麓,一曰巴克西河,南流迤東,納庫庫烏蘇、波爾波河、多克第河,合拉爾河、底穆唐河諸水,逕廳城南,東入岷州,折而西北,復入廳境,逕廳東北入狄道。 白水江,即禹貢桓水,一曰墊江; 西自四川松潘廳入,逕廳城西南,東南入階州。 邊牆,南起洮州衛故城南峪口,北入河洲。 鎮一:廣思。 土司三:著遜、卓泥楊氏、資卜馬氏。 諸土司皆貧弱,地什九入卓泥楊氏,幅員千餘里,南與松潘接。 南路隘口七,通四川番地。 西路隘口六,通青海。 北路隘口三,通循化廳番地。
Gongchang Prefecture: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Ping-Qing-Jing-Gu circuit. The Ming established it as a prefecture governing three dependent prefectures and fourteen counties. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, Qin and Jie prefectures were elevated to directly controlled prefectures, Huizhou was reduced to a county, Qing Shui, Qin'an, Li, and Liangdang were placed under Qinzhou, and Wen and Cheng counties under Jiezhou. In the eighth year Minzhou and Jingyuan County were added. In the third year of Qianlong, Jingyuan was detached and placed under Lanzhou. In the thirteenth year Taozhou Guard was converted to a subprefecture and placed under Gongchang; Zhang County was soon merged into Longxi under the Gong-Qin-Jie circuit. It lies 420 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measures 295 li from east to west and 1,230 li from north to south. Its latitude is 34°57′ north. It lies 11°43′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised one subprefecture, one dependent prefecture, and seven counties. Longxi County: strategically important and busy. Attached to the prefectural seat. To the east: Sanpin Stone and Renshou. To the north: Chiting. To the southwest: Shouyang. To the west: Xiqing. To the northwest: Bajiao Mountain. The Wei River enters from Weiyuan in the west; at Shanhekou it joins the Guangyang River, receives the Yuanyang River from the left and the Keyang from the right, passes north of the city wall, gathers the streams within the county, and flows southeast into Ningyuan. The Zhang River, also called the Qingshui River, enters from Minzhou in the southwest, passes south of the old Zhang County seat, and flows east into Ningyuan. One garrison: Tianqu. Two courier stations: Tongyuan and Sancha. An assistant magistrate was stationed at the old Zhang County seat. Anding County: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lies one hundred sixty li north of the prefectural seat. To the south: Nan'an Mountain. To the east: Zhaocheng and Fenghuang. To the west: Xiyan Mountain. To the southeast: Hot Springs Mountain. To the north: Chedao Pass. The Guanchuan River's eastern source rises at the foot of Chanmu Mountain south of the county—it is also called the East River and flows northwest; its western source rises at Humaling in the southwest—it is also called the West River and flows northeast. The two pass north of the county seat, merge into a single stream also called the North River, and flow north into Huining. One garrison: Guierzui. Four courier stations: Yanshou, Tong'an, Xigong, and Chenggou. Huining County: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lies two hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the southeast: Taohua. To the north: Wulan Mountain, with Wulan Pass at its foot. To the south: Tiemushan (Ironwood Mountain). To the northeast: Quwu Mountain. The Zu River rises at Wangjia Mountain in the southeast and flows west; the Li River rises at Mijia Gorge in the south and flows north. They meet south of the city to form the Zulie River. It receives the Xigong courier-station stream from the left and joins the Cangxiashizi Stream from the right, then flows northwest into Jingyuan. The Guanchuan River enters from Anding in the southwest, crosses the northwest of the county, and flows into Jingyuan. One garrison: Zhaijia. Four courier stations: Bao'an, Qiangou, Guocheng, and Qingjia. Tongwei County: simple (light administration). It lies two hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the northwest: Bijia Mountain (Pen Rack Mountain). To the northeast: Yulang. To the south: Shibapan Mountain (Eighteen Turns Mountain). The Huachuan River rises at Huachuan Ridge in Huining and enters the county. It passes Xihewan in the southeast; receives the Nanjia River from the left and the Longwei Gully from the right, then crosses east into Qin'an, with the Guanchuan River accompanying it. It crosses the border again and re-enters the county as the Sandu River, joins the Qingshi Gorge stream and the Qingxi, and flows into Fuxiang. Two garrisons: Jichuan and Anyuan. Ningyuan County: strategically important. It lies ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Yinguan Yu. To the west: Guangwu Mountain. To the south: Dongmo. To the northeast: Shimen. To the southwest: Wucheng. The Wei River enters from Longxi in the northwest, passes Yuanyangzui, joins the Zhang River and the Guangwu River, winds east past the north of the city wall, gathers the streams within the county, and flows east into Fuxiang. There are twenty-seven irrigation canals within the county. Six garrisons: Mawu, Weiyuan, Laiyuan, Luomen, Nani, and Yupán. Fuxiang County: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lies one hundred ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Tianmen Mountain. To the west: Sandu Valley. To the southwest: Zhuyu Mountain. The Wei River enters from Ningyuan in the west, receives the streams flowing from the south, passes north of the city wall, is joined from the north by the Huachuan River out of Tongwei, and flows east into Qin'an. The Jie River, also called the Wuyou River, rises in the mountains south of the county and flows east into Qinzhou. The Guangji, Lutian, and Tongji canals were all dredged in the Ming. Xihe County: taxing. It lies three hundred li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the southeast: Taizu Mountain. To the north: Baoquan. To the northeast: Jifeng. To the northwest: Qishan. To the southwest: Qiuchi Mountain. The Xihan River enters from Li County in the east and passes north of the county; the Hengshui River passes east of the city wall, joins the Yejia River and the Baishui, and continues west into Li County. It then flows east back into the county, passes south of the seat, receives the Jiangdi River—which rises at Xiangshan in the southwest and flows southeast—and continues southeast into Jiezhou. To the northeast: Yanjing (Salt Well). One garrison: Changdao. Minzhou: taxing and difficult to administer. It lies two hundred forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Formerly a Ming guard post. Re-established in the eighth year of Yongzheng. To the north: Min Mountain. To the southeast: Min'guan Mountain. The Tao River enters from Taozhou Subprefecture in the west and flows east past the north of the city wall; the Diezang River comes from Yang chieftain territory in the southwest, joins the Duobang and Lüyuan streams, and flows north to join it. The Tao River then turns northwest and re-enters Taozhou Subprefecture. The Minguan River, also called the Liangong River, rises on the watershed at the eastern foot of Min'guan Mountain; flows south and winds east into Li County. The upper source of the Bailong River is the Awu River, which rises on the watershed at the western foot of Min'guan Mountain and flows southeast; gathering several smaller streams, it becomes the Min River and, passing west of Linpu, flows southeast into Jiezhou. Three courier stations: Minshan, Xijin, and Jiudian. Two native chieftains: Matong and Bailinkou Fort. One Fan community: Shazhuang. Taozhou Subprefecture: busy and difficult to administer. It lies three hundred sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest: Xiqing Mountain. The range runs eastward through Yinde'ertu Tala Mountain, Chuonasuo'er Mountain, Duokedi Mountain, Amunichazhu Wengong Mountain, and Duoga'er Mountain. The Tao River rises on the eastern slope of Xiqing Mountain—it is also called the Bakexi River—and flows south and east, receiving the Kukuwusu, Bo'erbo, and Duokedi rivers together with the La'er and Dimutang streams. It passes south of the subprefectural seat, flows east into Minzhou, turns northwest, re-enters the subprefecture, and runs northeast through it into Didao. The Bailong River is the Huan River of the Yu Gong—it is also called the Dian River; it enters from Songpan Subprefecture in Sichuan in the west, passes southwest of the subprefectural seat, and flows southeast into Jiezhou. The border wall begins at the south Yugukou of the old Taozhou Guard seat in the south and runs north into He Prefecture. One garrison: Guangsi. Three native chieftains: Zhuoxun, the Zhuoni Yang clan, and the Zibu Ma clan. All the native chieftains were poor and weak; nine-tenths of the land fell under the Zhuoni Yang clan, whose domain extended more than a thousand li and bordered Songpan to the south. Seven passes on the southern route lead into Fan territory in Sichuan. Six passes on the western route lead into Qinghai. Three passes on the northern route lead into Fan territory in Xunhua Subprefecture.
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慶陽府:中,疲,難。 隸平慶涇固化道。 順治初,因明制,並置慶陽衛。 雍正五年省衛。 西距省治千一百八十里。 廣三百十里,袤四百二十里。 北極高三十六度三分。 京師偏西八度四十六分。 領州一,縣四。 安化疲,難。 倚。 東北:太白、青沙嶺。 西北:鐵邊山。 環河一曰馬蓮河,西北自環縣入,東南流,逕城南,鐵邊河納境內諸水南流注之。 又東南,合教子川,入合水,東北荔原川亦入焉。 又北,白豹川,入陝西保安。 縣北大小鹽池。 鎮五:槐安、五交、業樂、馬嶺、董志。 驛一:驛馬關。 縣丞駐董志原。 合水簡。 府東七十里。 西:錦屏。 東:橋山、子午山。 環河西北自安化入,至板橋鎮合建水,一曰東河,西南逕城東,右東北川為合水,納馬蓮河,南入寧州。 故城川出子午從之。 鎮四:華池、鳳川、平戎、太白。 驛三:華池、邵庄、宋庄。 環簡。 府西北百八十里。 東:尖山。 西:青山。 西北:青岡峽,環河出其南麓,東南流,逕城西,左右納小水十餘,又東南入安化,清水、蕭家河並從之。 西南,寡婦川亦入焉。 鎮三:馬嶺、木缽、石昌。 驛三:靈武、靈祐、曲干。 正寧簡,府南二百四十里。 本真寧,乾隆初更名。 羅水出縣東羅山; 西南流,逕城南,納馬造溝水,西入寧州。 鎮三:湫頭、平子、山河。 寧州中,疲,難。 府南百四十里。 東:雕嶺。 南:雲寂。 東北:五掌山。 涇水,西自涇州入,納茹水河,南流迤東,環河北自合水來會,納境內諸水,逕城西南流注之,又東納羅水,入陝西長武。 鎮八:襄樂、政平、早社、焦村、大昌、新莊、南義井、鳳皇。 驛二:彭原、焦村。
Qingyang Prefecture: moderate, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Ping-Qing-Jing-Gu circuit. In the early Shunzhi reign, following the Ming system, the Qingyang Guard was also established. In the fifth year of Yongzheng the guard was abolished. It lies one thousand one hundred eighty li west of the provincial capital. It measures 310 li from east to west and 420 li from north to south. Its latitude is 36°3′ north. It lies 8°46′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised one dependent prefecture and four counties. Anhua County: taxing and difficult to administer. Attached to the prefectural seat. To the northeast: Taibai and Qingsha Ridge. To the northwest: Tiebian Mountain. The Huan River, also called the Malian River, enters from Huan County in the northwest and flows southeast past the south of the city wall; the Tiebian River gathers the streams within the territory and flows south to join it. Continuing southeast, it joins the Jiaozi Stream and enters Heshui; the Liyuan Stream from the northeast also flows into it. Farther north, the Baobao Stream flows into Bao'an in Shaanxi. North of the county are large and small salt ponds. Five garrisons: Huaian, Wujiao, Yele, Maling, and Dongzhi. One courier station: Yima Pass. An assistant magistrate was stationed at Dongzhiyuan. Heshui County: simple (light administration). It lies seventy li east of the prefectural seat. To the west: Jinping. To the east: Qiaoshan and Ziwu Mountain. The Huan River enters from Anhua in the northwest; at Banqiao Town it joins the Jianshui River, also called the East River, flows southwest past the east of the city wall; the Dongbei Stream to the right forms the Heshui, receives the Malian River, and flows south into Ning Prefecture. The Gucheng Stream rises at Ziwu Mountain and joins it. Four garrisons: Huachi, Fengchuan, Pingrong, and Taibai. Three courier stations: Huachi, Shaozhuang, and Songzhuang. Huan County: simple (light administration). It lies one hundred eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east: Jianshan. To the west: Qingshan. To the northwest: Qinggang Gorge; the Huan River rises on its southern slope, flows southeast past the west of the city wall, receives more than ten small streams from both sides, continues southeast into Anhua, with the Qingshui and Xiaojia rivers joining it. From the southwest, the Guafu Stream also flows into it. Three garrisons: Maling, Mubo, and Shichang. Three courier stations: Lingwu, Lingyou, and Qugan. Zhengning County: simple (light administration); it lies two hundred forty li south of the prefectural seat. Originally Zhenning; it was renamed in the early Qianlong reign. The Luoshui River rises at Luoshan east of the county; flows southwest past the south of the city wall, receives the Mazao Gou stream, and flows west into Ning Prefecture. Three garrisons: Qiutou, Pingzi, and Shanhe. Ning Prefecture: moderate, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lies one hundred forty li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Diaoling. To the south: Yunji. To the northeast: Wuzhang Mountain. The Jing River enters from Jingzhou in the west, receives the Rushui River, flows south winding east; the Huan River comes from Heshui in the north to join it, gathers the streams within the territory, passes southwest of the city wall to pour into it, then east receives the Luoshui and flows into Changwu in Shaanxi. Eight garrisons: Xiangle, Zhengping, Zaoshe, Jiaocun, Dachang, Xinzhuang, Nanyijing, and Fenghuang. Two courier stations: Pengyuan and Jiaocun.
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寧夏府:沖,繁,疲,難。 寧夏道治所。 將軍、副都統、總兵駐。 明,寧夏五衛。 初因明制。 順治十五年,並前衛入左衛、中衛入右衛。 雍正三年,省衛、所,置府及寧夏、寧朔、平羅、中衛四縣,以靈州直隸州來屬。 五年,置新渠縣。 七年,置寶豐縣。 乾隆三年,省新渠、寶豐入平羅。 同治十一年,置寧靈廳。 西南距省治九百四十里。 廣五百三十里,袤六百六十里。 北極高三十八度三十二分。 京師偏西十度二十分。 領廳一,州一,縣四。 寧夏沖,繁,疲,難。 倚。 治府東偏。 本前、左二衛地。 雍正四年置縣。 黃河,西南自靈州入,東北至昌潤渠口入平羅。 河入中國,寧夏獨食其利,支渠釃分,灌溉府境。 惠農渠,雍正四年濬,漢延渠,雍正九年重修,皆南自寧朔入。 唐渠,雍正九年重修,西自寧朔入。 皆東北入平羅。 東:高台寺湖。 北:月湖。 東北:金波湖、三塔湖。 驛三:寧夏、王鋐、橫城口。 寧朔沖,難。 倚。 治府西偏。 本中、右二衛地。 雍正三年置縣。 西北:賀蘭山,山脈綿褫,北抵大漠,南訖中衛,山外蒙古阿拉善、額濟納地。 黃河,南自寧靈、中衛入,東北至葉升渡入寧夏。 惠農渠於縣南上馬家灘承黃河支流,東北入寧夏。 漢延渠於縣南下馬家灘承黃河支流,東北納數小渠,入寧夏。 大清渠,康熙四十九年濬,於漢渠南承河流,北過雙塔湖合唐渠。 唐渠於縣南青銅峽首受河流,東北納支渠十餘,入平羅。 南:長湖。 西:觀音湖。 吉蘭泰鹽池在賀蘭山麓。 邊牆,沿山自北而南,逾分守嶺入中衛。 定遠城在打台溝,雍正間,阿拉善遷博羅克科克於此,築城設守。 阿拉善王旋還舊遊牧,仍以定遠城賜之。 平羅疲,難。 府北少東百二十里。 故平羅所。 雍正三年置縣。 乾隆三年省新渠、寶豐二縣,以其地來屬。 黃河,西南自寧夏入,分為二派,東北流百餘里復合流,北入鄂爾多斯。 唐渠、惠農渠西南自寧朔入,東北至石嘴子,復入於河。 昌潤渠,雍正六年濬,即故六羊河故瀆,疏流建閘; 起縣東南,北流逕寶豐故縣東,復入於河。 邊牆,縣北,西起賀蘭山麓,東訖河干。 縣丞駐寶豐故城。 靈州要,繁,疲,難。 府東南九十里。 初因明制為直隸州。 雍正三年來屬,並省後衛,以其地入州境。 黃河,西南自寧靈廳來,東岸旁州西境。 山水河出州南山中,西北流,入平遠,復北入州境。 苜蓿渠首受黃河,自西來會,支渠右出曰秦渠。 山水河又北流,迤西北入黃河。 支流北出曰澇河; 北至三道橋又分二瀆,一西北入黃河,一北流會秦渠入河。 黃河又東北至橫城口入寧夏。 東南有蒲草湖、東湖。 南、北、中三鹽池,花馬池,紅柳池,俱州東南。 邊牆,起橫城堡,東入陝西延安。 鎮一:耀德。 驛三:靈州、紅山、沙泉。 州同駐花馬池。 鹽捕通判駐惠安堡。 中衛沖,繁,疲。 府西南三百六十里。 故中衛地。 雍正三年置縣。 黃河,西自靖遠入,逕城西南,支渠左釃為美利渠、太平渠,右釃為羚羊角渠,過城東南,右釃為羚羊店渠,又東,左釃為永興渠、勝水渠,右釃為羚羊峽渠。 清水河,東南自平遠來,北流注之。 黃河又東,迤北,右釃為七星渠,左釃為順水渠、豐樂渠。 諸渠皆東北復入於河。 黃河又東北入寧靈。 邊牆,旁黃河南岸,逾河東入寧靈。 驛三:中衛、渠口、長流水。 巡司駐渠寧。 縣北阿拉善旗界有漢、蒙分界碑。 寧靈廳要。 府南二百里。 故金積堡,屬靈州。 同治十一年,總督左宗棠督師克復,奏設廳,改寧夏水利同知為撫民同知駐焉。 南:金積山。 東南:大蠡。 東北:紫金。 西南:青銅峽。 黃河,南自中衛入,行峽中; 東北入寧朔、靈州。 清水河,西南自海城入,左合邊牆溝、紅溝,入中衛注河。 漢渠自廳城西首受黃河,下流匯山水河。
Ningxia Prefecture: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Ningxia circuit intendant. The general, deputy commander-in-chief, and regional commander were stationed there. Under the Ming, there were five Ningxia guards. Initially the Qing followed the Ming system. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi the Front Guard was merged into the Left Guard and the Middle Guard into the Right Guard. In the third year of Yongzheng the guards and posts were abolished; the prefecture was established together with the counties of Ningxia, Ningshuo, Pingluo, and Zhongwei, and Lingzhou directly controlled prefecture was placed under it. In the fifth year Xinqu County was established. In the seventh year Baofeng County was established. In the third year of Qianlong Xinqu and Baofeng were abolished and merged into Pingluo. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi Ningling Subprefecture was established. It lies nine hundred forty li southwest of the provincial capital. It measures 530 li from east to west and 660 li from north to south. Its latitude is 38°32′ north. It lies 10°20′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised one subprefecture, one dependent prefecture, and four counties. Ningxia County: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Attached to the prefectural seat. Its seat was located east of the prefectural capital. Its territory was formerly that of the Front and Left guards. The county was established in the fourth year of Yongzheng. The Yellow River enters from Lingzhou in the southwest and runs northeast to the Changrun Canal mouth, where it enters Pingluo. Where the river enters China, Ningxia alone enjoys its benefits; branch canals divide the flow and irrigate the prefecture. The Huinong Canal was dredged in the fourth year of Yongzheng and the Hanyan Canal rebuilt in the ninth year of Yongzheng; both enter from Ningshuo in the south. The Tang Canal was rebuilt in the ninth year of Yongzheng and enters from Ningshuo in the west. All flow northeast into Pingluo. To the east: Gaotaisi Lake. To the north: Yue Lake. To the northeast: Jinbo Lake and Santa Lake. Three courier stations: Ningxia, Wanghong, and Hengchengkou. Ningshuo County: strategically important and difficult to administer. Attached to the prefectural seat. Its seat was located west of the prefectural capital. Its territory was formerly that of the Middle and Right guards. The county was established in the third year of Yongzheng. To the northwest: Helan Mountain; the range runs continuously north to the great desert and south to Zhongwei; beyond the mountains lie the Mongol territories of Alashan and Ejina. The Yellow River enters from Ningling and Zhongwei in the south and runs northeast to Yesheng Ford, where it enters Ningxia. The Huinong Canal at Shangmajiatan south of the county takes a Yellow River tributary and flows northeast into Ningxia. The Hanyan Canal at Xiamajiatan south of the county takes a Yellow River tributary, receives several smaller canals to the northeast, and flows into Ningxia. The Daqing Canal was dredged in the forty-ninth year of Kangxi; south of the Han Canal it takes river water, passes north of Shuangta Lake, and joins the Tang Canal. The Tang Canal at Qingtong Gorge south of the county first takes river water, receives more than ten branch canals to the northeast, and flows into Pingluo. To the south: Chang Lake. To the west: Guanyin Lake. The Jilantai salt pond lies at the foot of Helan Mountain. The border wall runs along the mountains from north to south, crosses Fenshou Ridge, and enters Zhongwei. Dingyuan City at Datai Gou: during the Yongzheng period the Alashan Mongols moved the Borokkok tribe here, built a fortified city, and established a garrison. The Alashan prince soon returned to his old pastures, but Dingyuan City was still granted to him. Pingluo County: taxing and difficult to administer. It lies one hundred twenty li north slightly east of the prefectural seat. Formerly the Pingluo guard post. The county was established in the third year of Yongzheng. In the third year of Qianlong Xinqu and Baofeng counties were abolished and their territory was placed under it. The Yellow River enters from Ningxia in the southwest, divides into two branches, flows northeast for more than a hundred li and reunites, then runs north into Ordos. The Tang and Huinong canals enter from Ningshuo in the southwest, run northeast to Shizuizi, and rejoin the river. The Changrun Canal was dredged in the sixth year of Yongzheng on the old course of the Liuyang River; the channel was cleared and sluices were built; beginning southeast of the county, flowing north past the east of old Baofeng county and rejoining the river. The border wall north of the county begins at the foot of Helan Mountain in the west and ends at the riverbank in the east. An assistant magistrate was stationed at the old Baofeng city. Ling Prefecture: important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lies ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. Initially, following the Ming system, it was a directly controlled prefecture. In the third year of Yongzheng it was placed under the prefecture; the Rear Guard was also abolished and its territory incorporated into the prefecture. The Yellow River comes from Ningling Subprefecture in the southwest; its east bank runs along the western border of the prefecture. The Shanshui River rises in the mountains south of the prefecture, flows northwest into Pingyuan, then returns north into the prefecture. The Muxu Canal first takes water from the Yellow River; coming from the west it joins the river, and a branch canal to the right forms the Qin Canal. The Shanshui River flows north again, winds northwest, and enters the Yellow River. A branch stream to the north forms the Lao River; north to Sandao Bridge it again divides into two channels: one flows northwest into the Yellow River, and one flows north to join the Qin Canal and enter the river. The Yellow River continues northeast to Hengchengkou and enters Ningxia. To the southeast are Pucao Lake and Dong Lake. The South, North, and Central Salt Ponds, Huama Pond, and Hongliu Pond all lie southeast of the prefecture. The border wall begins at Heng Fort and runs east into Yan'an, Shaanxi. One garrison: Yaode. Three courier stations: Ling Prefecture, Hongshan, and Shaquan. The subprefect was stationed at Huama Pond. The salt suppression assistant prefectural judge was stationed at Huian Fort. Zhongwei County: strategically important, busy, and taxing. It lies three hundred sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Former Zhongwei territory. In the third year of Yongzheng a county was established. The Yellow River enters from Jingyuan in the west and passes southwest of the city; branch canals to the left split off as the Meili and Taiping canals, and to the right as the Lingyangjiao Canal; passing southeast of the city, a branch to the right forms the Lingyangdian Canal; farther east, branches to the left form the Yongxing and Shengshui canals, and to the right the Lingyangxia Canal. The Qingshui River comes from Pingyuan in the southeast and flows north to join it. The Yellow River turns east again and winds north; a branch to the right forms the Qixing Canal, and branches to the left form the Shunshui and Fengle canals. All the canals rejoin the river to the northeast. The Yellow River continues northeast into Ningling. The border wall runs along the south bank of the Yellow River, crosses the river, and enters Ningling to the east. Three courier stations: Zhongwei, Qukou, and Changliushui. A patrol inspector was stationed at Quning. On the northern border with Alashan Banner there is a Han–Mongol boundary stele. Ningling Subprefecture: important. It lies two hundred li south of the prefectural seat. Former Jinji Fort, which belonged to Ling Prefecture. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi, Governor-General Zuo Zongtang led the army in recovering the region, memorialized to establish a subprefecture, and changed the Ningxia waterworks subprefect to a civil pacification subprefect stationed there. To the south: Jinji Mountain. To the southeast: Daliao. To the northeast: Zijin. To the southwest: Qingtong Gorge. The Yellow River enters from Zhongwei in the south and runs through the gorge; it flows northeast into Ningshuo and Ling Prefecture. The Qingshui River enters from Haicheng in the southwest; to the left it joins the Bianqiang Gully and Hong Gully, enters Zhongwei, and joins the river. The Han Canal first takes water from the Yellow River west of the subprefectural seat; its lower course joins the Shanshui River.
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西寧府:最要,沖,繁,疲,難。 西寧道治所。 辦事大臣、總兵駐。 明,西寧衛。 初因明制。 雍正二年,省衛,置府及西寧、碾伯二縣。 乾隆九年,置巴燕戎格廳。 二十六年,置大通縣。 五十七年,置貴德、丹噶爾二廳,割蘭州之循化來屬。 東南距省治六百二十里。 廣三百五十里,袤六百五里。 北極高三十六度三十九分。 京師偏西十四度十三分。 領廳四,縣三。 西寧沖,繁,疲,難。 倚。 東:峽口山,嘆隍地; 紅崖子山。 西:土樓山、金山。 南:拔延山。 西南:南禪山、積石山、拉脊山。 西北:北禪山。 黃河,西自貴德廳逕城南,東入巴燕戎格。 湟水西自丹噶爾入,逕城北,北川河西北自大通來注之,又東南入碾伯。 大通河逕縣東北入平番。 縣西:伯顏川渠。 縣南:那孩川渠。 驛二:西寧、平戎。 土司四:陳氏、吉氏、祁氏、李氏。 番庄二:上朵壤爾、乜亥加。 番族三:上郭{必山}、松巴、巴哇。 碾伯沖,繁。 府東百三十里。 故守御千戶所,屬西寧衛。 雍正二年置縣。 南:雪山。 西:四望山。 東北:阿剌古山。 湟水,西自西寧入,東南流,逕城南,曰碾伯河。 納縣境諸川,東南至蓮花台; 大通河北自平番來會。 河北、河南兩渠,引湟溉田,釃支渠三十。 驛三:嘉順、老鴉、巴州。 土司三:九家港、勝番溝、老鴉堡。 他番族十餘,分居縣境。 大通難。 府西北百三十里。 故番地。 雍正二年,以番族效順,置大通衛。 乾隆二十六年省衛置縣。 西北:大雪山。 北:大寒。 東:五峰。 南:元朔山。 大通河古浩亹水,西自青海入,東南入平番。 北川河西自青海入,有二源,北曰布庫克河,南曰沙庫克河,合流至城北為北川河,又東南入西寧。 東峽川、峽門堡二渠。 長寧驛。 土司六:起塔鎮、迭溝、大通川、王家堡、硃家堡、美都溝。 西北與青海分界,有界碑。 貴德廳要。 府南。 故歸德千戶所,屬河州衛。 雍正四年,省衛所隸河州。 乾隆三年改隸西寧。 二十六年設縣丞。 五十七年升廳,設撫番同知。 東:郭圖。 南:莫曲山、圖爾根山。 東南:圓柱。 南:南山。 黃河,南自青海改西北流,折而東北,恰克圖河東來注之。 又東北,環廳西境,至隴羊峽西折而東南,合龍池河及烏蘭石爾廓爾河,並諸小水,入循化、巴燕戎格。 番族分生、熟、野番三種。 熟番五十四族,畊賦視齊民。 生番十九族,畜牧資生。 野番八族,其汪食代克一族,乾隆末北徙丹噶爾,餘七族咸居廳東境,插帳黃河南岸。 循化廳要。 府東南。 舊屬蘭州,為河州同知駐所。 乾隆末,移隸西寧。 西南:多噶爾群山,不一名。 黃河,西自貴德入,北岸為巴燕戎格廳地。 保安大河南自丹噶爾北流注之,又東納廳境諸水,至積石關入河州。 大夏河,古灕水,出廳南邊外山中,北流,逕拉布楞寺,屈曲東南入河州。 青海和碩特游牧地錯入廳南境。 番族:上隆布西番十六寨,南番二十一寨,阿巴那西番八寨,多奈錯勿日二寨,素呼思記二寨,邊都溝西番十寨,東鄉西番五寨。 回民撒拉族所居,曰上八工、下八工。 丹噶爾廳府西南。 撫番同知駐。 東:翠山。 南:日月。 北:北極山。 湟水出青海噶爾藏嶺,東流,至札藏寺入廳境,逕城南,東入西寧。 清水河出貴德廳南速古山,東北流。 隆武河出循化廳西南番地,北流,匯為保安大河,北入循化。 韓土司轄地在廳東南。 東科爾寺在廳西南。 西寧、青海孔道。 沙喇庫圖爾番族聚居處。 巴燕戎格廳府東南,通判駐。 明,西寧、碾伯、洮州廳地。 乾隆三年,以鞏昌裁缺通判徙改。 北:雪山。 西:小積石。 東南:拉札山。 黃河,西自貴德廳入,南岸為循化境,巴燕戎格河出小積石山東麓,納廳境諸小水,南入黃河。
Xining Prefecture: most important, strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Xining circuit intendant. An affairs commissioner and a regional commander were stationed there. Under the Ming, it was Xining Guard. Initially it followed the Ming system. In the second year of Yongzheng the guard was abolished and the prefecture was established together with the counties of Xining and Nianbo. In the ninth year of Qianlong, Bayan Rongge Subprefecture was established. In the twenty-sixth year, Datong County was established. In the fifty-seventh year, Guide and Dangar subprefectures were established, and Xunhua was detached from Lanzhou and placed under the prefecture. It lies six hundred twenty li southeast of the provincial seat. It is three hundred fifty li wide and six hundred five li long. Its north polar altitude is thirty-six degrees and thirty-nine minutes. It lies 14°13′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised four subprefectures and three counties. Xining County: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Attached to the prefectural seat. To the east: Xiakou Mountain and Tanhuang territory; Hongyazi Mountain. To the west: Tulou Mountain and Jin Mountain. To the south: Bayan Mountain. To the southwest: Nanchan Mountain, Jishi Mountain, and Laji Mountain. To the northwest: Beichan Mountain. The Yellow River comes from Guide Subprefecture in the west, passes south of the city, and flows east into Bayan Rongge. The Huangshui enters from Dangar in the west and passes north of the city; the Beichuan River comes from Datong in the northwest to join it, then flows southeast into Nianbo. The Datong River passes northeast of the county and enters Pingfan. West of the county: the Boyan River Canal. South of the county: the Nahai River Canal. Two courier stations: Xining and Pingrong. Four native chieftains: the Chen, Ji, Qi, and Li clans. Two Fan settlements: Shangduo'er and Miehaijia. Three Fan tribes: Shanggu Bishan, Songba, and Bawa. Nianbo County: strategically important and busy. It lies one hundred thirty li east of the prefectural seat. Former defense garrison thousand-household post, which belonged to Xining Guard. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. To the south: Snow Mountain. To the west: Siwang Mountain. To the northeast: Alagu Mountain. The Huangshui enters from Xining in the west, flows southeast, passes south of the city, and is called the Nianbo River. It receives the various streams within the county and flows southeast to Lianhuatai; the Datong River comes from Pingfan in the north to join it. Canals north and south of the river draw the Huangshui to irrigate fields and split into thirty branch canals. Three courier stations: Jiashun, Laoya, and Bazhou. Three native chieftains: Jiujiagang, Shengfangou, and Laoyabao. More than ten other Fan tribes were scattered across the county. Datong County: difficult to administer. It lies one hundred thirty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Former Fan territory. In the second year of Yongzheng, because the Fan tribes submitted, Datong Guard was established. In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong the guard was abolished and a county was established. To the northwest: Great Snow Mountain. To the north: Dahan. To the east: Five Peaks. To the south: Yuansuo Mountain. The Datong River is the ancient Hao'ai River; it enters from Qinghai in the west and flows southeast into Pingfan. The Beichuan River enters from Qinghai in the west and has two sources: the northern is the Buke River and the southern the Shake River; they merge north of the city to form the Beichuan River, which flows southeast into Xining. Two canals: the East Xia River Canal and the Xiamen Fort Canal. One courier station: Changning. Six native chieftains: Qita Fort, Diegou, Datong River, Wangjiabao, Zhujiabao, and Meidugou. On the northwestern border with Qinghai there is a boundary stele. Guide Subprefecture: important. It lies south of the prefectural seat. Former Guide thousand-household post, which belonged to Hezhou Guard. In the fourth year of Yongzheng the guard post was abolished and placed under He Prefecture. In the third year of Qianlong it was reassigned to Xining. In the twenty-sixth year a county assistant was established. In the fifty-seventh year it was elevated to a subprefecture and a Fan pacification subprefect was established. To the east: Guotu. To the south: Moqu Mountain and Tu'ergen Mountain. To the southeast: Yuanzhu. To the south: South Mountain. The Yellow River comes from Qinghai in the south, turns to flow northwest, then bends northeast; the Qiaketu River joins it from the east. It continues northeast, skirts the western border of the subprefecture, and at Longyang Gorge turns southeast; it joins the Longchi River and the Wulanshi'erguo'er River together with various smaller streams, and enters Xunhua and Bayan Rongge. The Fan tribes are divided into three kinds: raw Fan, settled Fan, and wild Fan. Fifty-four settled Fan tribes pay field tax and levies on the same terms as ordinary subjects. Nineteen raw Fan tribes live by herding livestock. Eight wild Fan tribes: the Wangshidaike tribe moved north to Dangar at the end of the Qianlong reign; the remaining seven tribes all live in the eastern part of the subprefecture, pitching their tents along the south bank of the Yellow River. Xunhua Subprefecture: important. It lies southeast of the prefectural seat. Formerly under Lanzhou, it was the garrison seat of the He Prefecture subprefect. At the end of the Qianlong reign it was reassigned to Xining. To the southwest: the Duoga'er mountains, which have several names. The Yellow River enters from Guide in the west; the north bank is territory of Bayan Rongge Subprefecture. The Bao'an Great River comes from Dangar in the south, flows north to join it, then eastward gathers the streams within the subprefecture and, at Jishi Pass, enters He Prefecture. The Daxia River is the ancient Li River; it rises in the mountains beyond the southern border of the subprefecture, flows north past Labrang Monastery, and winds southeast into He Prefecture. Khoshut nomadic pastures of Qinghai intrude into the southern border of the subprefecture. Fan communities: Shanglongbu Western Fan, sixteen stockades; Nan Fan, twenty-one stockades; Abana Western Fan, eight stockades; Duonai and Cuowuri, two stockades; Suhusiji, two stockades; Biandugou Western Fan, ten stockades; and Dongxiang Western Fan, five stockades. Settled there by Hui Muslims of the Salar people, in places called Upper Eight Works and Lower Eight Works. Dangar Subprefecture lies southwest of the prefectural seat. The Fan pacification subprefect was stationed there. To the east: Cui Mountain. To the south: the Riyue (Sun and Moon) Mountains. To the north: Beiji Mountain. The Huangshui rises on Ga'erzang Ridge in Qinghai, flows east, enters the subprefecture at Zhazang Monastery, passes south of the city, and flows east into Xining. The Qingshui River rises on Sugushan south of Guide Subprefecture and flows northeast. The Longwu River rises in Fan territory southwest of Xunhua Subprefecture, flows north, gathers into the Bao'an Great River, and enters Xunhua from the north. The domain of the Han native chieftain lies southeast of the subprefecture. Dongkor Monastery lies southwest of the subprefecture. The thoroughfare route between Xining and Qinghai. Where the Shala Kutuer Fan tribes are concentrated. Bayan Rongge Subprefecture lies southeast of the prefectural seat; an assistant prefectural judge was stationed there. Under the Ming, it was territory of the Xining, Nianbo, and Taozhou subprefectures. In the third year of Qianlong, the abolished assistant prefectural judge post from Gongchang was transferred here and reorganized. To the north: Snow Mountain. To the west: Little Jishi. To the southeast: Lazha Mountain. The Yellow River enters from Guide Subprefecture in the west; the south bank is Xunhua territory. The Bayan Rongge River rises on the eastern foothills of Little Jishi Mountain, gathers the smaller streams within the subprefecture, and flows south into the Yellow River.
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涼州府:沖,繁,疲,難。 甘涼道治所。 副都統、總兵駐。 明,涼州衛。 順治初,因明制。 雍正二年升府,置廳、縣。 東南距省治五百六十里。 廣九百三十里,袤五百二十里。 北極高三十七度五十九分。 京師偏西十三度四十八分。 領廳一,縣五。 武威沖,繁,疲,難。 倚。 故涼州衛地。 雍正二年置縣。 南:祁連山,一名大雪山,綿亙千里,西北抵甘州境。 沙溝水出山麓,屈曲北注,會黃羊渠為白塔河,又西北迤,逕城北,會雜木河、大七河、金塔寺渠、海藏大河、炭山河、北沙河諸川,為郭河,北入鎮番。 東北:邊牆,起鎮番境蔡旗堡,南至土門關入古浪。 驛三:武威、懷安、大河。 鎮番繁,疲,府東北二百里。 故鎮番衛。 雍正二年置縣。 南:亦不剌山,環東北三面。 郭河,南自武威入,西北出邊牆,釃支渠四,又西北出塞,瀦為大澤,蒙古謂之哈剌海謨,古休屠澤也。 青鹽池、鴛鴦白鹽池、小白鹽池皆在西北邊牆外。 邊牆,西接永昌,東至縣城北,折而南,逾郭河入武威。 永昌沖,繁,疲。 府西北百六十里。 故永昌衛。 雍正二年置縣。 北:金山。 西:燕支。 東北:馬氾。 東南:炭山。 水磨川出縣西南祁連山北麓,四源並導,匯為一川,北流折東,又東北出邊牆,瀦為昌寧湖; 今涸。 炭山河出縣南,北流至永豐堡南,折而東南入武威。 邊牆,西起水泉堡,東訖鎮番境紅崖堡。 驛二:永昌、水泉。 古浪沖,疲。 府東南百三十里。 故古浪所。 雍正二年置縣。 西:白嶺。 東南:黑松林。 古浪河出縣南烏鞘嶺北麓,納縣境諸水; 東北出邊牆,瀦為澤,曰白海。 邊牆,自武威南境逾古浪河,迤東南入平番。 驛二:古浪、黑松。 巡司駐大靖。 平番沖,繁,疲,難。 府東南三百三十里。 故庄浪所。 雍正二年置縣。 東:松山。 北:炭山。 西:卓子山。 西北:分水嶺。 北為萱麻河,入古浪。 庄浪河出嶺南麓,納金羌、石門、清水諸小河,至城南,又南至頭道河入皋蘭。 大通河,西北自大通入,逕城西入碾伯注湟水。 大鹽溝,東南。 邊牆,起縣西北,東南入皋蘭。 驛五:庄浪、大通、通遠、鎮羌、平城。 土司二:古城、連城。 縣丞駐西大通。 庄浪廳簡。 府東南。 同知、理事通判同駐。 庄浪河,北自平番入,南至皋蘭境入於河。 大通河,西北自平番入,東南至皋蘭、河州境入於河。 土司一:大營灣。
Liangzhou Prefecture: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Gan-Liang circuit intendant. The deputy commander-in-chief and regional commander were stationed there. Under the Ming, it was Liangzhou Guard. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained. In the second year of Yongzheng it was elevated to a prefecture and subprefectures and counties were established. It lies five hundred sixty li southeast of the provincial capital. It measures 930 li from east to west and 520 li from north to south. Its latitude is 37°59′ north. It lies 13°48′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised one subprefecture and five counties. Wuwei County: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Attached to the prefectural seat. Former Liangzhou Guard territory. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. To the south: the Qilian Mountains, also called Great Snow Mountain, stretching a thousand li and reaching the border of Gan Prefecture in the northwest. The Shagou Stream emerges from the foothills, winds north, joins the Huangyang Canal to form the Baita River, then winds northwest past the north of the city; it joins the Zamu, Daqi, Jintasi Canal, Haizang Great River, Tanshan, and Beisha rivers to form the Guo River, which flows north into Zhenfan. To the northeast: the border wall begins at Caiqi Fort on the Zhenfan border and runs south to Tumen Pass, entering Gulang. Three courier stations: Wuwei, Huai'an, and Dahe. Zhenfan County: busy and taxing. It lies two hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. Former Zhenfan Guard territory. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. To the south: Yibulasi Mountain, which encircles the area on three sides to the northeast. The Guo River enters from Wuwei in the south, exits the border wall to the northwest, splits into four branch canals, then exits the frontier again to the northwest and forms a great marsh; the Mongols call it Halahaimo—it is the ancient Xiutu Marsh. Green Salt Pond, Yuanyang White Salt Pond, and Little White Salt Pond all lie beyond the northwestern border wall. The border wall connects with Yongchang in the west, runs east to the north of the county seat, turns south, crosses the Guo River, and enters Wuwei. Yongchang County: strategically important, busy, and taxing. It lies one hundred sixty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Former Yongchang Guard territory. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. To the north: Jin Mountain. To the west: Yanzhi. To the northeast: Ma Fan. To the southeast: Tanshan. The Shuimochuan rises on the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains southwest of the county; four sources flow together as one stream, turns east after flowing north, then exits the border wall to the northeast and forms Changning Lake; It is now dry. The Tanshan River rises south of the county, flows north to south of Yongfeng Fort, then turns southeast into Wuwei. The border wall begins at Shuiquan Fort in the west and ends at Hongya Fort on the Zhenfan border in the east. Two courier stations: Yongchang and Shuiquan. Gulang County: strategically important and taxing. It lies one hundred thirty li southeast of the prefectural seat. Former Gulang garrison territory. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. To the west: Bailing. To the southeast: Heisonglin. The Gulang River rises on the northern foothills of Wushao Ridge south of the county and gathers the streams within the county; it exits the border wall to the northeast and forms a marsh called Baihai. The border wall comes from the southern border of Wuwei, crosses the Gulang River, and winds southeast into Pingfan. Two courier stations: Gulang and Heisong. A patrol inspector was stationed at Dajing. Pingfan County: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lies three hundred thirty li southeast of the prefectural seat. Former Zhuanglang garrison territory. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. To the east: Songshan. To the north: Tanshan. To the west: Zhuozi Mountain. To the northwest: Watershed Ridge. To the north is the Xuanma River, which flows into Gulang. The Zhuanglang River rises on the southern foothills of the ridge, gathers the Jinqiang, Shimen, Qingshui, and other smaller streams, reaches south of the city, and continues south to the Toudao River, entering Gaolan. The Datong River enters from Datong in the northwest, passes west of the city, enters Nianbo, and joins the Huangshui. Great Salt Gully, to the southeast. The border wall begins in the northwest of the county and runs southeast into Gaolan. Five courier stations: Zhuanglang, Datong, Tongyuan, Zhenqiang, and Pingcheng. Two native chieftains: Gucheng and Liancheng. An assistant magistrate was stationed at West Datong. Zhuanglang Subprefecture: simple (light administration). Southeast of the prefectural seat. The vice prefect and the affairs-commissioner subprefect were co-located. The Zhuanglang River enters from Pingfan in the north; south of the Gaolan border it flows into the river. The Datong River enters from Pingfan in the northwest and flows southeast to the borders of Gaolan and He Prefecture, where it enters the river. One native chieftain: Dayingwan.
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甘州府:沖,繁,疲。 隸甘涼道。 提督駐。 明,陝西行都司治。 順治初,因明制。 雍正二年,罷行都司,置府及張掖、山丹、高台三縣。 七年,割高台隸肅州。 乾隆間,增置撫彝廳。 東南距省治千五百里。 廣三百二十里,袤二百里。 北極高三十九度。 京師偏西十五度三十一分。 領廳一,縣二。 張掖要,沖,繁,疲。 倚。 故甘州左、右衛。 雍正二年置縣。 北:合黎山。 西南:祁連山,綿亙府境,與青海分界。 山丹河,東自山丹入,洪水河出縣東南金山北麓,北流注之。 又西北逕城北,張掖河古羌谷水,出祁連山中,匯縣境諸渠,北流來會。 山丹河自此蒙黑河之稱。 又西北,入撫彝。 張掖河東岸黑番牧地,西岸黃番牧地。 邊牆,傍山丹河北岸,東入山丹。 驛二:甘泉、仁壽。 縣丞駐東樂。 山丹沖,繁,疲。 府東百二十里。 故山丹衛。 雍正二年置縣。 山丹河即禹貢弱水,出縣南祁連山麓,四源並導,匯於城南,東入張掖。 紅鹽池在縣北,白鹽池濱居延澤。 大草灘,東南與涼州、西寧、青海分界。 邊牆,起合黎山南,逕縣城北,東入永昌。 驛四:山丹、東樂、新河、峽口。 撫彝廳府西北百五十里。 舊隸甘州後衛。 雍正二年衛省,屬高台。 乾隆十八年來屬,置廳設通判。 南:祁連。 響山河出東南,黑河自張掖入合之,西北逕廳北,左合三清渠,右出支渠,北自魯墩灣入高台。 邊牆,傍黑河北岸東入張掖。 驛一:同廳名。
Ganzhou Prefecture: strategically important, busy, and taxing. Subordinate to the Gan-Liang circuit. The provincial military governor was stationed there. Under the Ming, it was the seat of the Shaanxi regional military commission. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained. In the second year of Yongzheng the regional military commission was abolished, and the prefecture together with the three counties of Zhangye, Shandan, and Gaotai were established. In the seventh year Gaotai was detached and placed under Suzhou. During the Qianlong reign Fuyi Subprefecture was added. It lies one thousand five hundred li southeast of the provincial capital. It measures 320 li from east to west and 200 li from north to south. Its latitude is 39° north. It lies 15°31′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised one subprefecture and two counties. Zhangye County: important, strategically important, busy, and taxing. Attached to the prefectural seat. Former Ganzhou Left and Right Guard territory. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. To the north: Heli Mountain. To the southwest: the Qilian Mountains, stretching across the prefecture and forming the border with Qinghai. The Shandan River enters from Shandan in the east; the Flood River rises on the northern foothills of Jin Mountain southeast of the county and flows north to join it. Continuing northwest past the north of the city, the Zhangye River—the ancient Qianggu Stream—rises in the Qilian Mountains, gathers the canals within the county, and flows north to join it. From here the Shandan River takes the name Hei River (Black River). Continuing northwest, it enters Fuyi. On the east bank of the Zhangye River is Black Tibetan pasturage; on the west bank is Yellow Tibetan pasturage. The border wall runs along the north bank of the Shandan River and east into Shandan. Two courier stations: Ganquan and Renshou. An assistant magistrate was stationed at Dongle. Shandan County: strategically important, busy, and taxing. It lies one hundred twenty li east of the prefectural seat. Former Shandan Guard territory. In the second year of Yongzheng a county was established. The Shandan River is the Ruoshui of the Tribute of Yu; it rises on the southern foothills of the Qilian Mountains, four sources flow together, gather south of the city, and flow east into Zhangye. Red Salt Pond lies north of the county; White Salt Pond borders Juyan Marsh. Dacaotan; to the southeast it borders Liangzhou, Xining, and Qinghai. The border wall begins south of Heli Mountain, passes north of the county seat, and runs east into Yongchang. Four courier stations: Shandan, Dongle, Xinhe, and Xiakou. Fuyi Subprefecture lies one hundred fifty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Formerly subordinate to Ganzhou Rear Guard. In the second year of Yongzheng the guard was abolished and its territory placed under Gaotai. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong it was reassigned here, a subprefecture was established, and a subprefect was appointed. To the south: the Qilian Mountains. The Xiangshan River rises in the southeast; the Hei River enters from Zhangye and joins it; flowing northwest past the north of the subprefecture, it receives the Sanqing Canal from the left and sends out a branch canal to the right; north from Ludunwan it enters Gaotai. The border wall runs along the north bank of the Hei River and east into Zhangye. One courier station: bearing the same name as the subprefecture.
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涇州直隸州:要,沖,疲。 難。 隸平慶涇固化道。 明隸平涼府,領靈台。 順治初,因明制。 乾隆四十二年,升直隸州。 割崇信、鎮原來屬。 西距省治九百五十九里。 廣百一十里,袤三百五里。 北極高三十五度二十三分。 京師偏西九度七分。 領縣三。 北:兼山。 西:回山。 西南:弇耳山、青溪嶺。 涇水西自平涼入,逕城北,汭水西南自崇信來注之。 又東至唐長武故城,洪河西北自鎮原來注之。 又東至寧州界,茹水西北自鎮原來注之,南入陝西長武。 盤口河,西自靈台入,旁州南境,東入長武。 鎮一:盤口。 驛一:安定。 崇信難。 州西南百二十里。 城據錦屏山北麓。 西南:箭筈山。 西北:峽口。 汭水,西自華亭入,匯五龍、斷萬、五馬三山及九峪水,屈東逕城北,東入平涼。 盤口河即黑河,亦自華亭入,傍縣南境,東北入靈台。 新柳灘旁汭水,順治中疏為渠。 鎮原疲。 州西北二百里。 東:東山。 北:潛夫、孝山。 茹水,西北自固原入,逕城南,納交口河、蒲河暨縣北境諸水,東南入寧州。 洪河,西北自固原入,合平泉水,西南潘陽澗,入州。 鎮二:新城、柳泉。 驛一:白水。 靈台疲,難。 州南二百里。 北:台山。 東:蒼山。 東北:書台。 西南:離山。 達溪水,西自陝西隴州入,左合鎮川口河,至百里鎮,右合妲己,左小建河,逕城南,東北入陝西長武。 盤口河,西自崇信入,逕縣東北,合槐樹溝水,東入州。 鎮七:東朝那、良原、百里、邵寨、石塘、上良、西屯。
Jing Directly Controlled Prefecture: important, strategically important, and taxing. Difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Ping-Qing-Jing-Gu circuit. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Pingliang Prefecture and governed Lingtai. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained. In the forty-second year of Qianlong it was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture. Chongxin and Zhenyuan were detached and placed under it. It lies nine hundred fifty-nine li west of the provincial capital. It measures 110 li from east to west and 305 li from north to south. Its latitude is 35°23′ north. It lies 9°07′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised three counties. To the north: Jianshan. To the west: Huishan. To the southwest: Yan'er Mountain and Qingxi Ridge. The Jing River enters from Pingliang in the west, passes north of the city, and receives the Ruishui from Chongxin in the southwest. Continuing east to the old Tang city of Changwu, it receives the Hong River from Zhenyuan in the northwest. Continuing east to the border of Ning Prefecture, it receives the Rushui from Zhenyuan in the northwest and flows south into Changwu in Shaanxi. The Pankou River enters from Lingtai in the west, runs along the southern border of the prefecture, and flows east into Changwu. One garrison: Pankou. One courier station: Anding. Chongxin County: difficult to administer. It lies one hundred twenty li southwest of the prefectural seat. The city stands on the northern foothills of Jinping Mountain. To the southwest: Jian'ge Mountain. To the northwest: Xiakou. The Ruishui enters from Huating in the west, gathers the waters of Wulong, Duanwan, and Wuma mountains and the Jiuyu streams, bends east past the north of the city, and flows east into Pingliang. The Pankou River is the Hei River; it also enters from Huating, runs along the southern border of the county, and flows northeast into Lingtai. At Xinliutan beside the Ruishui, during the Shunzhi reign it was dredged into a canal. Zhenyuan County: taxing. It lies two hundred li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east: Dongshan. To the north: Qianfu and Xiaoshan. The Rushui enters from Guyuan in the northwest, passes south of the city, receives the Jiaokou and Pu rivers together with the streams on the northern border of the county, and flows southeast into Ning Prefecture. The Hong River enters from Guyuan in the northwest, joins Pingshui Spring and the Panyang Stream in the southwest, and enters the prefecture. Two garrisons: Xincheng and Liuquan. One courier station: Baishui. Lingtai County: taxing and difficult to administer. It lies two hundred li south of the prefectural seat. To the north: Taishan. To the east: Cangshan. To the northeast: Shutai. To the southwest: Lishan. The Daxi Stream enters from Long Prefecture in Shaanxi in the west, receives the Zhenchuankou River from the left, and at Baili Town receives the Daji from the right and the Xiaojian River from the left; it passes south of the city and flows northeast into Changwu in Shaanxi. The Pankou River enters from Chongxin in the west, passes northeast of the county, joins the Huai shu Gully stream, and flows east into the prefecture. Seven garrisons: Dong Chaona, Liangyuan, Baili, Shaozhai, Shitang, Shangliang, and Xitun.
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固原直隸州:沖,繁,難。 隸平慶涇固化道。 陝西提督駐。 明隸平涼府。 順治初因之。 同治十二年,升直隸州,置平遠、海城二縣屬焉。 西距省治八百九十里。 廣五百二十里,袤三百十里。 北極高三十六度四分。 京師偏西十度七分。 領縣二。 西北:石城山。 北:須彌。 西南:隴山,一曰六盤山,綿跨平涼化平川境。 清水河出隴山開城嶺北麓,古高平川,二源並導,匯為一川,逕城東,納州境諸水,北入平遠。 涇水北源出開城嶺南麓,為大小南川,會於瓦亭驛; 東逕蒿店,曰橫河,出彈箏峽,入平涼。 茹水出開城嶺東麓,洪河出州東南陶家海子,並東入鎮原。 驛三:永寧、三營、瓦亭。 州判駐硝河城。 平遠沖,難。 州北二百四十里。 故平遠所。 同治十二年置縣,又割海城之下馬關西地及靈州同心城來屬。 西北:羅山。 南:打狼。 西北:麥朵。 西南:白楊林。 清水河,南自州境入; 甜水河自東來注之,又納縣境諸水,西北入中衛。 山水河,東自靈州入,逕縣北境,復西入靈州。 海城沖,疲,難。 州西北二百十里。 平涼府屬海剌都地。 乾隆十四年徙鹽茶同知駐此。 同治十二年省同知置縣。 西:天都山。 西南:蓮花。 南:五橋山。 北:大黑河、紅井堡水、相洞川,並東入州,注清水河。 清水河逕紅古堡,合石峽水,又北合興仁堡水,入寧靈。 西北:乾鹽池堡水,逕打拉池,縣丞駐。
Guyuan Directly Controlled Prefecture: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Ping-Qing-Jing-Gu circuit. The Shaanxi provincial military governor was stationed there. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Pingliang Prefecture. In the early Shunzhi reign the previous system was retained. In the twelfth year of Tongzhi it was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture, and Pingyuan and Haicheng counties were established under it. It lies 890 li west of the provincial capital. It measures 520 li from east to west and 310 li from north to south. Its latitude is 36°04′ north. It lies 10°07′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised two counties. To the northwest: Shicheng Mountain. To the north: Xumi. To the southwest: Long Mountain, also called Liupan Mountain, spanning the territories of Pingliang and Huapingchuan. The Qingshui River rises at the northern foot of Kaicheng Ridge on Long Mountain in the ancient Gaoping Valley; its two sources flow together and merge into one stream, pass east of the city, receive the various streams within the prefecture, and flow north into Pingyuan. The northern source of the Jing River rises at the southern foot of Kaicheng Ridge, forming the Great and Little Nanchuan, which meet at Wating courier station; It flows east past Haodian, is called the Heng River, exits Tanzheng Gorge, and enters Pingliang. The Ru River rises at the eastern foot of Kaicheng Ridge; the Hong River rises at Taojia Haizi in the southeast of the prefecture; both flow east into Zhenyuan. Three courier stations: Yongning, Sanying, and Wating. The prefectural judge was stationed at Xiaohe City. Pingyuan County: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lies 240 li north of the prefectural seat. Formerly the Pingyuan guard post. In the twelfth year of Tongzhi a county was established; territory west of Xiamaguan in Haicheng and Tongxincheng in Lingzhou were also detached and placed under it. To the northwest: Luoshan. To the south: Dolang. To the northwest: Maiduo. To the southwest: Baiyanglin. The Qingshui River enters from the prefecture in the south; the Tianshui River enters from the east and joins it; it then receives the various streams within the county and flows northwest into Zhongwei. The Shanshui River enters from Lingzhou in the east, passes through the north of the county, and flows west again into Lingzhou. Haicheng County: strategically important, taxing, and difficult to administer. It lies 210 li northwest of the prefectural seat. It was territory of Hailadu under Pingliang Prefecture. In the fourteenth year of Qianlong the Salt-Tea subprefect was relocated to garrison here. In the twelfth year of Tongzhi the subprefect was abolished and a county was established. To the west: Tiandu Mountain. To the southwest: Lianhua. To the south: Wuqiao Mountain. To the north: the Dahei River, Hongjing Fort stream, and Xiangdong Valley all flow east into the prefecture and join the Qingshui River. The Qingshui River passes Honggu Fort, joins the Shixia stream, then north joins the Xingren Fort stream and enters Ningling. To the northwest: the Gan Salt Pond Fort stream passes Dalachi, where the assistant magistrate was stationed.
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階州直隸州:疲。 隸鞏秦階道。 明隸鞏昌府,領文縣。 順治初,因明制。 雍正七年,升直隸州,割鞏昌之成縣來屬。 西北距省治千一百五十里。 廣二百九十里,袤五百五十里。 北極高三十三度二十三分。 京師偏西十一度二十三分。 領縣二。 北:鳳凰山。 白水江,西北自洮州入,南流,迤東逕西固城南,白龍江北自岷州來注之。 又東南,逕城西,納數小水,南入文縣。 西漢水,西北自禮縣入,屈曲東南入成縣。 鎮四:平洛、安化、角弓、石門。 驛三:階州、官城、殺賊橋。 州同駐西固城。 州判駐白馬關。 文簡。 州西南二百里。 白水江,北自州境來,逕縣東南,清江水一曰文縣河,西北自四川松潘廳,上承察岡公河,東南流入境,納縣西諸水來會。 白水江又東南納縣東諸水,入四川昭化。 南:陰平隘。 驛二:文縣、臨江。 成疲。 州東北二百里。 西:泥功山、仇池山。 東:木皮嶺。 西漢水,西北自州境入,逕縣西南,黑峪河出縣北山中,納縣境諸水,西南流注之。 西漢水至此蒙犀牛江之稱,東南入陝西略陽。 鎮三:泥陽、橫川、拋沙。 驛一:小川。
Jie Directly Controlled Prefecture: taxing. Subordinate to the Gong-Qin-Jie circuit. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Gongchang Prefecture and governed Wen County. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained. In the seventh year of Yongzheng it was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture, and Cheng County was detached from Gongchang and placed under it. It lies 1,150 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measures 290 li from east to west and 550 li from north to south. Its latitude is 33°23′ north. It lies 11°23′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised two counties. To the north: Fenghuang Mountain. The Baishui River enters from Taozhou in the northwest and flows south; winding east past the south of Xigu, it receives the Bailong River entering from Minzhou in the north. It then flows southeast past the west of the city, receives several small streams, and enters Wen County in the south. The Xihan River enters from Li County in the northwest and winds southeast into Cheng County. Four garrisons: Pingluo, Anhua, Jiaogong, and Shimen. Three courier stations: Jie Prefecture, Guancheng, and Shazai Bridge. The subprefect was stationed at Xigu City. The prefectural judge was stationed at Baima Pass. Wen County: simple (light administration). It lies 200 li southwest of the prefectural seat. The Baishui River enters from the prefecture in the north and passes the southeast of the county; the Qingjiang River, also called the Wen County River, enters from Songpan Subprefecture in Sichuan in the northwest, upstream receiving the Chagang Gong River; flowing southeast into the county, it receives the various streams in the west of the county and joins them. The Baishui River then flows southeast, receives the various streams in the east of the county, and enters Zhaohua in Sichuan. To the south: Yinping Pass. Two courier stations: Wen County and Linjiang. Cheng County: taxing. It lies 200 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the west: Nigong Mountain and Qiuchi Mountain. To the east: Mupi Ridge. The Xihan River enters from the prefecture in the northwest and passes the southwest of the county; the Heiyu River rises in the mountains north of the county, receives the various streams within the county, and flows southwest to join it. From here the Xihan River takes the name Rhino River and flows southeast into Lueyang in Shaanxi. Three garrisons: Niyang, Hengchuan, and Paosha. One courier station: Xiaochuan.
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秦州直隸州:要,沖,繁,難。 鞏秦階道治所。 明隸鞏昌府,領秦安、清水、禮三縣。 順治初,因明制,雍正七年,升直隸州,降鞏昌屬之徽州為縣,與所領兩當縣來屬。 西北距省治七百三十里。 廣三百九十里,袤四百五十里。 北極高三十四度三十五分。 京師偏西十度四十分。 領縣五。 西:刑馬山。 西北:邽山。 東南:麥積。 西南:嶓冢。 渭水,西自伏羌入,右納藉水,左納牛頭河,東逕城南,又東納諸小水,過三岔城北,迤南入陝西隴州。 西漢水出嶓冢山南麓,西入禮縣。 駱駝川水出嶓冢山東麓,流合數小水,南入徽縣。 鎮四:關子、高橋、社樹坪、董城。 州判駐三岔鎮。 秦安疲,難。 州北八十里。 東:九龍山。 北:顯親峽。 南:新陽崖。 東北:青龍。 羅玉河古隴水,北自靜寧州入,上承苦水河,南逕縣西,至新陽崖入州境注渭。 略陽川水東自清水入,西合石版泉,入靜寧注苦水河。 鎮六:金城、川口、郭嘉、太平、隴城、大寨。 清水沖,疲。 州東北百二十里。 東:隴山,大震關在其下。 牛頭河一曰東亭河; 古橋水,出隴山西麓,眾源並導,匯為一川,逕城北,東流,迤南入州境。 略陽川水亦出隴山西麓,西流,納縣境諸水,逕龍山鎮入秦安。 鎮八:白沙、岩年、清水、百家、玉屏、松樹、龍山、恭門。 驛一:長寧。 禮疲。 州西南二百里。 東:祁山。 東南:仇池山。 西南:岷瓘山。 西漢水,東自州境入,納縣境諸水,逕城東折南,又西入階州。 鎮二:石頭、崖城。 徽難。 州南二百八十里。 北:鸞亭。 東:赤玉。 南:鐵山、青泥嶺。 西:栗亭山、木皮嶺。 東南:殺金坪,仙人關在其上。 故道河,東自兩當入,駱駝川入北自州境來入之,西逕縣南,納小水二,西南入陝西略陽,嘉陵江上游也。 栗水出栗亭山,南流為泥陽河,南入略陽。 鎮三:永寧、粟亭、火鑽。 兩當簡。 州南百七十里。 東:鸑鷟。 南:天門。 東北:申家,古南大夫山。 故道河,東自陝西鳳縣入,河即兩當水,逕縣南,納小水二,西南逕秦岡山為琵琶湖,入徽。 鎮二:廣鄉、兩當。 有驛。
Qin Directly Controlled Prefecture: important, strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Gong-Qin-Jie circuit intendant. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Gongchang Prefecture and governed Qin'an, Qingshui, and Li counties. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained; in the seventh year of Yongzheng it was elevated to a directly controlled prefecture, Huizhou under Gongchang was reduced to a county, and Liangdang County was placed under it. It lies 730 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measures 390 li from east to west and 450 li from north to south. Its latitude is 34°35′ north. It lies 10°40′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised five counties. To the west: Xingma Mountain. To the northwest: Guishan. To the southeast: Maiji. To the southwest: Baozhong. The Wei River enters from Fuxiang in the west, receives the Jie River from the right and the Niutou River from the left, flows east past the south of the city, then east receives various small streams, passes north of Sancha, and winds south into Long Prefecture in Shaanxi. The Xihan River rises at the southern foot of Baozhong Mountain and flows west into Li County. The Luotuo Stream rises at the eastern foot of Baozhong Mountain, joins several small streams, and flows south into Huizhou. Four garrisons: Guanzi, Gaoqiao, Sheshuping, and Dongcheng. The prefectural judge was stationed at Sancha Town. Qin'an County: taxing and difficult to administer. It lies 80 li north of the prefectural seat. To the east: Jiulong Mountain. To the north: Xianqin Gorge. To the south: Xinyang Cliff. To the northeast: Qinglong. The Luoyu River, the ancient Long River, enters from Jingning Prefecture in the north, upstream receiving the Kushui River; flowing south past the west of the county, at Xinyang Cliff it enters the prefecture and joins the Wei River. The Lueyang River enters from Qingshui in the east, joins the Shipan Spring in the west, enters Jingning, and flows into the Kushui River. Six garrisons: Jincheng, Chuankou, Guojia, Taiping, Longcheng, and Dazhai. Qingshui County: strategically important and taxing. It lies one hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: the Long Mountains, with Dazhen Pass at their foot. The Niutou River, also called the Dongting River; the Ancient Qiao River rises on the western foothills of the Long Mountains; its many sources are gathered into one stream, pass north of the city, flow east, and wind south into the prefectural territory. The Lueyang River also rises on the western foothills of the Long Mountains, flows west, receives the various streams within the county, passes Longshan garrison, and enters Qin'an. Eight garrisons: Baisha, Yannian, Qingshui, Baijia, Yuping, Songshu, Longshan, and Gongmen. One courier station: Changning. Li County: taxing. It lies two hundred li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the east: Qishan. To the southeast: Qiuchi Mountain. To the southwest: Minguan Mountain. The Xihan River enters from the prefectural territory in the east, receives the various streams within the county, passes east of the city and turns south, then flows west into Jie Prefecture. Two garrisons: Shitou and Yacheng. Hui County: difficult to administer. It lies two hundred eighty li south of the prefectural seat. To the north: Luanting. To the east: Chiyu. To the south: Tieshan and Qingni Ridge. To the west: Liting Mountain and Mupi Ridge. To the southeast: Shajinping, with Xianren Pass above it. The Gudao River enters from Liangdang in the east; the Luotuo River enters it from the prefectural territory in the north; flowing west past the south of the county and receiving two small streams, it flows southwest into Lueyang in Shaanxi—the upper reaches of the Jialing River. The Li River rises on Liting Mountain, flows south as the Niyang River, and enters Lueyang to the south. Three garrisons: Yongning, Suting, and Huozuan. Liangdang County: simple to administer. It lies one hundred seventy li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Yuezhuo. To the south: Tianmen. To the northeast: Shenjia, the ancient Nandafu Mountain. The Gudao River enters from Feng County in Shaanxi in the east; the river is the Liangdang River; passing south of the county and receiving two small streams, it flows southwest past Qingang Mountain to form Pipal Lake and enters Hui County. Two garrisons: Guangxiang and Liangdang. It had a courier station.
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肅州直隸州:沖,繁,疲。 安肅道治所。 總兵駐。 明,肅州衛。 順治初,因明制。 雍正二年,省衛併入甘州府。 七年,置直隸州,割甘州之高台縣來屬。 東南距省治千四百六十里。 廣百九十里,袤百五十里。 北極高三十九度十六分。 京師偏西十七度十二分。 領縣一。 東南:觀音山。 南:祁連山。 東跨高台,與青海分界。 西:嘉峪山。 其西麓設關,俄羅斯通商孔道,稅務司駐焉。 洮賴河出州西南祁連山北麓,古呼蠶水,北流東迤,支渠旁出,左播為四,右播為三。 又東為北大河,至臨水堡,臨水河出祁連山最高處,東北流注之,折而北,逕金塔寺,西出邊牆為北大河,至古城,右會紅水,左合清水河,曰白河,東北入高台。 豐樂川出州東南祁連山天澇池,北流釃十數渠。 南:金廠。 邊牆,自嘉峪關迤西北逾洮賴河,折而東南,入高台。 驛二:酒泉、臨水。 州同駐金塔寺。 巡司駐嘉峪關。 高台沖,繁,疲。 州東南二百七十里。 故守御千戶所。 雍正三年置縣。 西:崆峒。 南:榆木。 東北:合黎山。 黑河,東自撫彝廳入,西北流,逕城北,左出支渠五。 又西北逕深溝驛,復釃為數小渠,又北至鎮夷營。 出邊牆,右釃為雙樹子屯渠,左釃為毛目渠,白河西南自州來會,北入額濟納旗界,匯於居延海。 縣西北鹽池。 邊牆,西自州境來,逾黑河,東南入撫彝廳。 驛四:雙井、深溝、黑泉、鹽池。 縣丞駐毛目屯。
Suzhou Directly Controlled Prefecture: strategically important, populous, and taxing. Seat of the Ansu Circuit. The regional commander was stationed here. Under the Ming it was the Suzhou Guard. In the early Shunzhi reign the Ming system was retained. In the second year of Yongzheng the guard was abolished and merged into Ganzhou Prefecture. In the seventh year a directly controlled prefecture was established, and Gaotai County was detached from Ganzhou and placed under it. It lay one thousand four hundred sixty li southeast of the provincial capital. It measured 190 li from east to west and 150 li from north to south. Its latitude was 39°16′ north. It lay 17°12′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised one county. To the southeast: Guanyin Mountain. To the south: the Qilian Mountains. To the east it extended across Gaotai and formed the border with Qinghai. To the west: Jiayu Mountain. A pass was established on its western foothills—the route for Russian trade—and the tax office was stationed there. The Taolai River rises on the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains southwest of the prefecture; anciently called the Can River, it flows north and winds east; branch canals issue on either side, four spreading to the left and three to the right. Continuing east it becomes the North Great River; at Linshui Fort the Linshui River, rising at the highest point of the Qilian Mountains, flows northeast and joins it; turning north and passing Jinta Temple, it exits the border wall to the west as the North Great River; at Gucheng it receives the Hong River from the right and joins the Qingshui River from the left, becoming the White River, and flows northeast into Gaotai. The Fengle River rises at Tianlao Pool in the Qilian Mountains southeast of the prefecture, flows north, and irrigates several dozen canals. To the south: Jinchang. The border wall ran from Jiayu Pass northwest across the Taolai River, then turned southeast into Gaotai. Two courier stations: Jiuquan and Linshui. The prefectural vice-prefect was stationed at Jinta Temple. The patrol office was stationed at Jiayu Pass. Gaotai County: strategically important, populous, and taxing. It lay two hundred seventy li southeast of the prefectural seat. Formerly a defense thousand-household post. A county was established in the third year of Yongzheng. To the west: Kongtong. To the south: Yumu. To the northeast: Heli Mountain. The Hei River enters from Fuyi Subprefecture in the east, flows northwest past the north of the city, and sends out five branch canals to the left. Continuing northwest past Shengou courier station, it is again diverted into several small canals and reaches Zhenyi Camp to the north. Exiting the border wall, it is diverted to the right as the Shuangshuzi garrison canal and to the left as the Maomu canal; the White River joins it from the prefecture in the southwest; flowing north into the territory of the Ejin Banner, it converges at Juyan Sea. In the northwest of the county was a salt pond. The border wall came from the prefectural territory in the west, crossed the Hei River, and entered Fuyi Subprefecture in the southeast. Four courier stations: Shuangjing, Shengou, Heiquan, and Yanchi. The county assistant magistrate was stationed at Maomu garrison.
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安西直隸州:沖,繁,疲,難。 隸安肅道。 明,赤斤、沙州二衛。 後以番擾內徙,空其地。 康熙五十七年,番族內附,置靖逆、赤斤二衛,設靖逆同知領之,尋增設通判,治柳溝。 雍正元年,復置沙州所,築布隆吉城,設安西同知治焉。 三年,省靖逆同知,徙通判治其地,仍領二衛,旋升沙州所為衛。 六年,徙安西廳治大灣。 乾隆二十四年升府,置淵泉縣附郭,省靖逆通判,並赤斤衛置玉門縣。 二十五年,以沙州衛為敦煌縣,省淵泉入府治。 二十八年,降直隸州,隸安肅道。 東距省治二千一百二十里。 廣六百二十里,袤六百里。 北極高三十九度四十分。 京師偏西十八度五十二分。 領縣二。 雪山自蔥嶺支分,迤邐東趨,綿跨州境,山外皆大戈壁,與青海分界。 其北連山無極,與哈密及札薩克圖汗分界。 疏勒河,古南極端水,一曰布隆吉河,其西源昌馬河出,東入玉門,與東源合,復入,右合支渠。 鞏昌河西北逕橋灣營南,左納小水七,迤北西流,逕城南,支渠左出為南工渠、北工渠,經流西入敦煌。 邊牆,西起布隆吉城東疏勒河北岸,東訖橋灣營入玉門。 驛七:柳溝、小宛、瓜州口、白打子、紅柳圈、大泉、馬連井。 敦煌繁,難。 州西南二百七十里。 東南:三危山、鳴沙山。 西南:龍勒山。 西:白龍堆流沙磧。 疏勒河,東自州境入,西至城北雙河岔,黨河自南來注之。 黨河,古氐置水,蒙古謂之西拉噶金,出縣南山中,兩源並導,匯為一川,北流逕城西,釃分十數渠,又北入疏勒河。 疏勒河又西瀦為哈剌泊。 東南:鹽池。 玉門關、陽關,皆縣西南。 玉門沖,繁。 州東二百九十五里。 金山環東、西、北三面,綿亙二百餘里。 西北:赤金峽。 疏勒河出縣南山中,北流,納昌馬河、鞏昌河,又北逕城西,迤東入州境。 阿拉克湖即延興海。 又東白楊河。 有石油泉,古石脂水。 邊牆,西自州境來,東入肅州。 驛二:赤金湖、赤金峽。
Anxi Directly Controlled Prefecture: strategically important, populous, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Ansu Circuit. Under the Ming there were the Chijin and Shazhou guards. Later, because of tribal disturbances, the population moved inward and the territory was left empty. In the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi the tribal peoples submitted; the Jingni and Chijin guards were established, and a Jingni subprefect was appointed to govern them; soon afterward a subprefect was added, with his seat at Liugou. In the first year of Yongzheng the Shazhou post was restored, Bulongji city was built, and an Anxi subprefect was established with his seat there. In the third year the Jingni subprefect was abolished and the subprefect was moved to govern that territory, still overseeing the two guards; soon afterward the Shazhou post was elevated to a guard. In the sixth year the seat of the Anxi subprefecture was moved to Dawan. In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong it was elevated to a prefecture; Yuanquan County was established as the attached seat county; the Jingni subprefect was abolished; and Yumen County was established from the Chijin Guard. In the twenty-fifth year the Shazhou Guard became Dunhuang County, and Yuanquan was abolished and merged into the prefectural seat. In the twenty-eighth year it was reduced to a directly controlled prefecture subordinate to the Ansu Circuit. It lay two thousand one hundred twenty li east of the provincial capital. It measured 620 li from east to west and 600 li from north to south. Its latitude was 39°40′ north. It lay 18°52′ west of the capital meridian. It comprised two counties. The Snow Mountains branch from the Congling range and wind eastward, stretching across the prefectural territory; beyond the mountains lies the great desert, forming the border with Qinghai. To the north the mountains extend without limit, forming the border with Hami and the Jasakhtu Khan. The Shule River, anciently the Nanjiduan River and also called the Bulongji River: its western source, the Changma River, rises and flows east into Yumen, joins the eastern source, re-enters, and receives a branch canal from the right. The Gongchang River flows northwest past the south of Qiaowan Camp, receives seven small streams from the left, winds north and flows west past the south of the city; branch canals issue to the left as the South Works Canal and North Works Canal, and the main stream flows west into Dunhuang. The border wall began on the north bank of the Shule River east of Bulongji city in the west and ended at Qiaowan Camp entering Yumen in the east. Seven courier stations: Liugou, Xiaowan, Guazhoukou, Baidazi, Hongliuquan, Daquan, and Malianjing. Dunhuang County: populous and difficult to administer. It lay two hundred seventy li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southeast: Sanwei Mountain and Mingsha Mountain. To the southwest: Longle Mountain. To the west: the drifting-sand desert of Bailongdui. The Shule River enters from the east within the prefecture and reaches Shuanghe Fork north of the city wall, where the Dang River joins it from the south. The Dang River, the ancient Di people's Zhi River—called Xilagajin in Mongol—rises in the mountains south of the county; its two sources unite into a single stream that flows north past the west of the city wall, splits into more than ten canals, and rejoins the Shule River to the north. The Shule River continues west and pools as Lake Halabo. To the southeast: salt ponds. Yumenguan and Yangguan both lie southwest of the county. Yumen County: strategically important and busy. It lies two hundred ninety-five li east of the prefectural seat. Jin Mountain rings the east, west, and north for more than two hundred li. To the northwest: Chijin Gorge. The Shule River rises in the mountains south of the county, flows north, receives the Changma and Gongchang rivers, passes north of the west of the city wall, and winds east into the prefecture. Alake Lake is the Yanxing Sea. Farther east is the Baiyang River. There is a petroleum spring—the ancient Shizhi River. The border wall comes from the west out of the prefecture and runs east into Suzhou. Two courier stations: Chijin Lake and Chijin Gorge.
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化平川直隸廳:繁,疲,難。 隸平慶涇固化道。 平涼、華亭、固原、隆德四州縣地。 同治十一年,隴東戡定,置廳設通判。 西北距省治七百四十九里。 廣袤各百餘里。 北極高三十五度有奇。 京師偏西南十度有奇。 東:觀山。 西南:大關山。 涇水南源出山麓老龍潭,東逕白崖山,合白岩河,又東逕飛龍撻銀,左納聖女川、龍江峽水,東入平涼。
Huapingchuan Directly Controlled Subprefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Ping-Qing-Jing-Gu circuit. Comprised territory taken from Pingliang, Huating, Guyuan, and Longde. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi, after Longdong was pacified, the subprefecture was established with a subprefect. It lies 749 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measures more than one hundred li in both width and length. Its latitude is a little over 35° north. It lies a little over 10° southwest of the capital meridian. To the east: Guanshan. To the southwest: Daguan Mountain. The southern source of the Jing River rises at Laolongtan on the mountain foothills, runs east past Baiya Mountain and joins the Baiyan River, continues east past Feilongtayin, receives the Shengnv River and Longjiang Gorge stream from the left, and flows east into Pingliang.