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卷66 志四十一 地理十三 江西

Volume 66 Treatises 41: Geography 13, Jiang Xi

Chapter 66 of 清史稿 · Draft History of Qing
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Jiangxi fell within Yangzhou Province as described in the Tribute of Yu. Under the Ming, Jiangxi had a provincial governor, a provincial administration commission, and a separate governor for southern Ganzhou. The early Qing retained this arrangement. In Shunzhi 4, a governor-general for Jiangnan, Henan, and Jiangxi was appointed. (His headquarters were at Jiangning. ) In the sixth year, Henan was dropped from his jurisdiction. In the ninth year, the headquarters were transferred to Nanchang. (The seat was soon moved back. ) In the eighteenth year, a separate governor-general for Jiangxi was created. In Kangxi 4, the earlier arrangement was restored. The Southern Ganzhou governorship had already been abolished in the third year, and that became permanent. In Qianlong 8, Lianhua Subprefecture was established in Ji'an. In the nineteenth year, Ningdu County in Ganzhou was raised to a directly-administered department. In the thirty-eighth year, Dingnan County in Ganzhou was elevated to subprefecture status. In Guangxu 29, the Guanyinge assistant prefect in Ganzhou was converted into Qiannan Subprefecture. In the thirty-third year, Tonggu Barracks was made a subprefecture under Ruizhou. On the east it reached Wuyuan County in Anhui; (658 li. ) on the south to Lianping Department in Guangdong; (1,300 li. ) on the west to Liuyang County in Hunan; (420 li. ) and on the north to Huangmei County in Hubei. (340 li. ) It measured 977 li from east to west and 1,820 li from north to south. Its latitude ranged from 24°17′ to 29°58′ north. Relative to the capital, it lay between 1°55′ east and 2°24′ west. In Xuantong 3, registered households totaled 3,439,873 and the population 13,527,029. In all it administered thirteen prefectures, one directly-administered department, four subprefectures, one department, and seventy-four counties. (Five courier routes led to other provinces: one crossed the Yangzi northward to Huangmei in Hubei; one ran southeast over Shan Pass to Guangze in Fujian; one went east over Huaiyu Mountain to Changshan in Zhejiang; one led south over Dayu Ridge to Nanxiong in Guangdong; and one went west through Cha Ridge to Liling in Hunan. Four railways were planned: the Nanchang–Jiujiang line would run from Jiujiang through Nanchang and Ji'an to southern Ganzhou in three sections, intended to link with Guangdong; other lines would connect Rui and Yuan with Hunan, Fu and Jian with Fujian, and Guang and Xin with Zhejiang. Three branch lines were also planned. For shipping, Jiujiang served as the port where Yangzi steamers called. Telegraph wires ran from Nanchang north to Jiujiang and south to Guangzhou; and from Jiujiang east to Wuhu and west to Hankou. ) It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was under the Grain and Storage Circuit. The Jiangxi governor, the civil administration, education, and judicial commissions, and the grain-and-storage, police patrol, and industrial promotion circuits were all based here. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the southeast lay Mai Mountain and Jian Mountain. To the south were Xie Mountain and Hu Mountain. To the west, the Gan River—also called the Zhang River—entered from Fengcheng, passed the Shicha checkpoint, and split in two. One branch ran northeast, met the Fu River, rejoined the main current and linked with East Lake, then flowed northeast through Jiaoxi into Xinjian. To the east, the Wuyang River—the Xu River—flowed northwest into Jinxian. Lord Wan's Dike. Ganshao Town. Patrol offices were stationed at Sanjiangkou and Shicha. One courier station: Shicha. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the west stood West Mountain, anciently known as Sanyuan, stretching across Fengxin, Jianchang, and neighboring counties. To the southwest was Xiaoyao. To the north was Songmen. To the northwest was Tong Mountain. To the southwest, the Gan River—fed above by the Jian River—entered from Fengcheng, passed Ruihekou, and was joined by the Shu River from Gao'an. It flowed northeast through Wucheng, where the Xiu River from Jianchang joined it, and then emptied into Poyang Lake. It passed Xingzi, left the lake at Hukou, and entered the Yangzi. This lake is Pengli. The entire lake lay across Nanchang, Raozhou, Nankang, and Jiujiang prefectures and received all the province's major streams. The Nanchang–Jiujiang Railway began at Shajing. A patrol office was posted at Shengmi Town and a vice-prefect at Wucheng Town. Six checkpoints: Qiaoshe, Haikou, Jishan, Wanghuting, Houhe, and Baima. The Xinxing courier station had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It lay 130 li south of the prefectural seat. To the southwest stood Fengcheng Mountain, which gave the county its name and was counted among the thirty-seven blessed lands in Daoist writings. To the east was Zhong Mountain. To the southwest was Cheng Mountain. To the northwest was Ma'an Mountain. To the south, Luo Mountain gave rise to the Fu River; and Bei Mountain gave rise to the Feng River. The Gan River entered from Qingjiang, passed west of the county, and ran northeast; the Feng River came from the south and met the Fu River there. It then continued northeast into Nanchang and Xinjian. To the east, the Yushao River came from Linchuan, flowed northwest, and entered the Gan River. The towns of Songhu, Gangkou, and Qujiang. A patrol office was stationed at Dajiangkou. One courier station: Jianjiang. It was classified as strategically important. It lay 120 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Within the city walls stood Santai Mountain. To the southwest was Ma Mountain. To the east was Qixian. To the west were Qianying Mountain and Jin Mountain. The Xu River entered from Nanchang, flowed northeast past the west of the county to Bazinao, and emptied into Poyang Lake. To the west lay Junshan, Riyue, and Qinglan lakes, whose waters all joined the Sanyang River and flowed into Poyang Lake. A patrol office was posted at Meizhuang. A former office at Wuzi had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important. It lay 115 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north was Denggao Mountain. To the southwest was Hualin. To the southeast was Qi Mountain. To the northwest was Yaowang Mountain. To the west, Baizhang Mountain gave rise to the Feng River, which on the left received Cetan River and on the right Jingang Source; it then ran southeast to Jiuzi Post, took in Longtou Stream, Baishui, and the Hualin River, and reached the south of the city. It then turned east, took in Mingxi and Sanxi, and entered Anyi. A patrol office was posted at Luofang. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 155 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north was Wuxi Mountain. To the northwest were Jincheng and Gexian Mountain; Taoyuan Mountain gave rise to the Taoyuan River, which flowed on to join the Shuangxi. The Shuangxi, also known as the South River, rose at Maozhu Mountain in Yining, received the streams of Longtou'ao, Guanjia'ao, and Weiyuan, passed through Gao Lake, split in two, looped around the city on north and south, and reunited at Yapo Pool. The other branch was the North River, which issued from Shuangkeng Cave, took in Lancao Lake and Daheng Stream, passed through Xiang Lake into Anyi, and joined the Feng River. The town of Longtou'ao. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 350 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest was Liaoshan. To the southwest was Dagu. To the east was Liaodong Mountain. The Xiushui entered from Yining, on the right taking in Yang Lake River and on the left Qingping River; at the south of the city it received the Yangpu and Fengkou streams, then turned west to take in Qi Stream, Ruo Stream, Lu Stream, Zhonghuang, and Sanhong waters before entering Jianchang. An assistant magistrate was posted at Muga. A checkpoint on the Ruo Stream. The Taiping land checkpoint. A patrol office was stationed at Gaopingshi Market. Yining Prefecture was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 355 li northwest of the prefectural seat. It had formerly been called Ningzhou and was renamed in Jiaqing 3. To the southeast was Maozhu Mountain. To the east was Jingyang. To the west was Jiulong. To the northwest were Huanglong and Mufu mountains. The Xiushui rose in the southeast, on the left taking in Baichang River and Hangkou River and on the right Dongjin River, and reached the west of the city. The Wuning Xiang River rose at Dawu Mountain, met Dongxiang River and the Luyuan River coming from the south, then turned west and north to the east of the city, took in Anping River and Heyuan River, and entered Wuning. At Zhajin a vice-prefect was posted. Badie Ridge Town had a patrol office, making three in all together with Paibutang and Shanshi Market. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was under the Raojiu Circuit. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the north was Zhishan. To the east was Guopu Mountain. To the west was Yao Mountain. To the south was Guanshan. To the southwest lay Poyang Lake, into which the Po River gathered. It had two sources: one came from Qimen in Anhui and ran through Fuliang as the Chang River; the other came from Wuyuan in Anhui and ran through Dexing and Leping as the Le'an River. The streams met east of the city, looped around it and exited north, split into Shuanggang, and separately emptied into Poyang Lake. To the east lay Dong Lake, also known as Dujun, whose waters joined the Po River. Eight checkpoints: Bazinao, Tuanzhuan, Qiangshan, Guanyiqian, Huanglong Temple, Le'an River, Luosizui, and Tangyin. A patrol office was stationed at Shimen. The Zhishan courier station. It was classified as strategically important and administratively difficult. It lay 110 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west was Cangshan. To the northeast were Wanchong and Wuling. To the southwest was Limei. To the southeast was Huangbo Mountain. To the northwest stood Kanglang Mountain in Poyang Lake, and the lake took the name Kanglang from it. The Longku River, also known as the Anren River, entered from Anren, passed Tongkou Shoals, split in two, ran northwest, took in the waters of Sanyu and others, reached Raokou, and all emptied into Poyang Lake. The towns of Kangshan, Huangqiubu, and Ruihong. Four checkpoints: Kangshan, Meixi, Biao'en, and Gaoxi. At Ruihong an assistant magistrate was posted. One courier station: Longjin, which had been abolished. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 117 li east of the prefectural seat. To the east was Kangshan. To the north was Fengyou. To the west was Wu Stream. To the southeast was Shicheng Mountain. The Wu River entered from Dexing and became the Le'an River; it took in Changle River, Jianjie River, Wu Stream, and Yin River, passed through Le'an Township south of the county, and was named accordingly. It then flowed southwest into Wannian. The towns of Xianhe and Bajian. The Kangshan courier station. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It lay 187 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the north was Kongfu Mountain. To the east was Bajiao. To the west was Jinyu. To the southwest was Yangma Mountain. To the southeast were Dayou and Xiaoyou mountains. The Chang River entered from Qimen in Anhui, took in Xiaobeigang, Kuchukeng River, and Modao Port, passed through the south of the city, ran southwest, joined Lijiang River and Liujiawan River, and entered Poyang. The towns of Jingde and Taoshu. A patrol office was posted at Jingde. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 237 li east of the prefectural seat. To the east were Yin Mountain and Tong Mountain. To the northwest was Hongya. To the southeast was Damao Mountain. The Daxi entered from Wuyuan in Anhui and the Jianjie River from Yiyang; they took in Tongshangang in Leping and the Ji River of Jishan, formed the Le'an River, and merged into Leping. A patrol office was stationed at Baisha. The Yinfeng courier station. It was classified as strategically important. It lay 180 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east was Zhanggu Mountain. To the north was Panxiang Mountain. To the northeast was Qingshan. To the southwest was Jiyan. To the northwest was Huashan. The upper reaches of the Anren River were the Shangrao River, which entered from Guixi, took in Yushi Stream, passed through the south of the city, ran northwest to meet the Baita River, then at the northwest of the city joined Lan Stream and entered Yugan. It was classified as administratively difficult. It lay 120 li southeast of the prefectural seat. North of the city stood Wannian Mountain, which gave the county its name. To the southwest was Tuan Lake. To the west was Tuoli. To the northwest was Zhoushan. To the southeast, Baizhang Ridge gave rise to the Yin River, which took in Wen Stream and Nan Stream, entered Leping, emptied into the Le'an River, and then flowed west into Poyang. A patrol office was posted at Shitou Street. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was under the Guangrao-Jiu Circuit. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the north was Chashan. To the west was Tong Mountain. To the south was Tongtang Mountain. To the southeast were Tie Mountain and Nanping Mountain. The Shangrao River entered from Yushan, ran past the south of the city, took in Yongfeng Stream on the left and Zhuxi on the right; south of it stood Cenyang Pass, which entered from Chong'an in Fujian, and then merged northwest into Qianshan. Patrol offices were stationed at Zhengjiafang and Bafangchang. The Geyang courier station. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 100 li east of the prefectural seat. To the west was Huilong. To the south was Wu'an Mountain. To the north were Sanqing and Huaiyu mountains. The Shanggan Stream rose from two sources—one at Bingyu Cave on Sanqing Mountain and one from Changshan in Zhejiang; they met to form the Xiagan Stream, passed south of the city, and became the Yuxi. Flowing on westward, it took in Lun Stream and Sha Stream on the right, entered Shangrao, and became the Shangrao River. An assistant magistrate was posted at Yingpan Yaokou and a patrol office at Taiping Bridge. One courier station: Huaiyu, which had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and administratively difficult. It lay 130 li west of the prefectural seat. To the south were Guifeng and Junyang mountains. To the east was Daoyao Mountain. The Shangrao River entered from Qianshan, passed Huangsha Port, and took in Dazhou Stream; a right branch entered from Xing'an and joined the Yi Stream, from which the county took its name. Flowing on west past the south of the city, it joined Junyang River on the left, took in Gexi on the right, and entered Guixi. The Daqiao checkpoint. An assistant magistrate was posted at Qigong Town. One courier station: Gexi, which had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It lay 205 li west of the prefectural seat. To the south was Longhu Mountain. To the west was Ziming Mountain. To the southwest was Xiang Mountain. To the north was Baizhang Ridge. Guixi was also known as Xiangxi; its upper course was the Yiyang River, which entered from Yiyang, ran past the south of the county, took in Xuxi and Ruoxi, then westward joined Huian Stream and Hengshi Port, met Shangqing Stream, and entered Anren. Huoshao Pass marked the border with Guangze in Fujian. An assistant magistrate was posted at Jiangxu Mountain. Patrol offices were stationed at Shangqing Town and Yingtan Town. The Xiangxi courier station had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 80 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west stood Qianshan, which gave the county its name. To the north was Ehu. To the south was Fenghuang. To the southwest was Tongbao. To the northwest was Furong Mountain. The Shangrao River entered from Shangrao, ran west of the county to Ruikou, where Tongmu, Zixi, and other streams united as the Ruikou River and poured in, then flowed west into Yiyang. East of it, the Dazhou Stream entered from Shangrao and ran alongside. Passes stood at Fenshui, Wenlin, Tongmu, and Yunji. The towns of Zixi and Hekou. A patrol office was stationed at Hufang Town. At Hekou an assistant magistrate was posted. The Ehu courier station. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 55 li southeast of the prefectural seat. It had formerly been called Yongfeng and was renamed in Yongzheng 9. To the west was He Mountain. To the northwest was Fuquan. To the east were Shuangmen, Sanyan Mountain, and Nianqing Ridge. To the south was Pingyang Mountain. Yongfeng Stream entered from Pucheng in Fujian, took in waters from Tongbo, Fengjin, and other mountains, then ran north, joined Yongping Stream on the left, turned southwest past the south of the city to Shuinnan Ford, took in the waters of Xiqiao, and entered the Shangrao River. Tuoyang Town. A patrol office was posted at Yangkou. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 85 li west of the prefectural seat. To the north were Hengfeng Mountain and Chong Mountain. To the south was Zheting Mountain. To the west was Xianyan. Gexi came from Shangrao, ran south to empty into the Yiyang River, took in Huangtenggang water, and flowed west into Yiyang. It was classified as strategically important. It was under the Raoguang-Jiunan Circuit. It was classified as having simple administration. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Huanglong Mountain lay to the southwest. Northwest lay Mount Lu, where Zhu Xi had taught during his tenure as prefect of Nankang. To the north was Wuzhang. To the northeast was Dingshan. Outside the county walls lay Poyang Lake, through which the Gan River flowed north to Duchang. Farther north it entered Dehua. To the south, Luoxing Lake and Donggongting Lake were local names for stretches of Poyang Lake. Gulin Water entered from De'an, ran southeast, and emptied into Poyang Lake. Four checkpoints: Zhuji, Qingshan, Xieshitang, and Gangyao. Patrol offices were stationed at Zhuxi and Qingshan. It was classified as fiscally strained and administratively difficult. It lay 60 li east of the prefectural seat. To the west stood Yuanchen Mountain, counted as the fifty-first blessed land in Daoist writings. To the east was Yangchu. To the north was Tanshu. To the northeast was Huangzhu Mountain. To the west lay Poyang Lake, which held Qiangshan, Siwang, Songmen, and other islands and drained north toward Hukou. To the north it linked with the Hougang River, drawn in from Zuoli Shiliuzui to Xujiabu, then farther north gathered Xiyangqiao Water and entered Hukou. The towns of Chaipeng and Zuoli. Four checkpoints: Tangyin, Huangjinzui, Zhuposhan, and Zuoli. An assistant magistrate was posted at Zhangjialing. A patrol office was posted at Zhouxi. One courier station: Tuanshan, which had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north was Jiangjun. To the west was Yue Mountain. To the southwest was Chang Mountain. The Feng River entered from Anyi, reached the south of the city as the Nan River, and joined the Xiu River. The Xiu River entered from Wuning, became the Xi River at the west of the county, took in Taohua Water and Yunmen Water on the right and Baiyanggang Water and Baishui on the left, then flowed northeast through Xinjian into the Gan River. The towns of Lubu and Hehu. The Nanchang–Jiujiang Railway. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 200 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south was Wenshan. To the east was Xishan. To the west was Taishan. To the north was Ma Mountain. The Feng River entered from Fengxin, took in Shuangxi on the left and Zhaozhou Water on the right, divided and reunited at Minfang, gathered Hongquan Water to the northeast, and entered Jianchang. The Longjiang River, Dongyang, and Xinjing Water all entered from Jing'an and emptied into the Xiu River. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was the seat of the Raoguang-Jiunan Circuit. The Jiujiang Garrison regional commander was posted here. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the south stood Mount Lu, counted as the eighth grotto heaven in Daoist writings and, together with Huxi, as one of the seventy-two blessed lands. To the southwest was Chaisang. To the southeast was Tianhuajing Mountain. To the southeast lay Poyang Lake, with Dagu Mountain standing within it. The lake flowed northeast to the Dehua boundary. The Great River's right branch entered from Ruichang as the Xunyang River, ran past the northwest of the city, joined the Pen River eastward, backed up through branch channels into Chenmen, Jinji, and Hexiang lakes, met the Longkai River, and flowed east past Baishiji into Hukou. To the southwest, the Huangyao River and Pan Stream entered De'an. To the east, Nü'er Port rose on Mount Lu, flowed northeast, and emptied into Poyang Lake. A commercial tax office stood west of the city. A commercial market, opened in Xianfeng 11, lay outside the West Gate. The Nanchang–Jiujiang Railway terminated at Longkai River. Three patrol offices at Dagutang, Xiaochikou, and Chengzizhen. Three checkpoints. One courier station: Tongyuan. The Xunyang courier station, which had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south stood Boyang Mountain on the ancient Fuyan Plain, with Boyang Water flowing before it. To the north was Gushan. To the northwest was Wangfu Mountain. Gulian Water rose in Kangwang Valley, ran southeast, and entered Xingzi. The Lushan River, also called the East River, rose at Wulong Pool on Mount Lu and flowed northwest. The Huangyao River, also called the North River, rose on Gaoliang Mountain and flowed south. The Xi River rose in Kuchu Valley and flowed southeast. The three rivers met at Wushimen in the northeast of the county to form Sangangkou. The Nanchang–Jiujiang Railway passed through it. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 70 li west of the prefectural seat. To the south was Bang Mountain. To the west was Bailong. To the northwest were Su Mountain and Yaji. To the southwest stood Qingchuan Mountain, source of the Qingchuan River, which ran past the west of the city and south into Dehua. To the west, Rang Stream flowed southwest into the Great River. North of the county, the river entered from Xingguo in Hubei, received Xiacao Lake and Chihu, and flowed east into Dehua. To the southwest, Fuyang Water rose at Xiao'ao and flowed southeast into De'an. Huangtuyan Water rose at Da'ao and flowed northwest into Xingguo. To the north stood the Lianggong Dike. A patrol office was posted at Zhaochenkou. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It lay 60 li east of the prefectural seat. The Yangtze River naval regional commander was posted here. To the east was Wu Mountain. To the southwest was Qi Mountain. To the south was Upper Shizhong Mountain. To the north was Lower Shizhong Mountain. West of the mountain lay Meijia Isle, where Poyang Lake, carrying the Gan River, entered the Great River. The river came from Dehua, received Qingshui Port and Taiping Pass Water, flowed northeast, and entered Pengze. To the north stood the Changhong Dike, where the naval middle battalion was posted. Eleven checkpoints: Upper and Lower Shizhong, Yanggang, Dawangmiao, Majiawan, Meijia Isle, Longtan, Zheji, Bali River, Baihu Pond, and Laozhoutou. Four towns: Liuxi Bridge, Hukou, Zheji, and Jiaoshi Ji. One courier station: Pengli, which had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 150 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the south was Longyou Mountain. To the southeast was Hao Mountain. To the north stood Xiaogu Mountain in midstream, with Penglang Ji on the bank facing it across the water. To the northeast was Madang Mountain, abutting the Great River. The river entered from Hukou, received Mapu Water, backed up into Shaoqi Port and Huangtu Port, and sent a branch, Taiping Pass Water, back into Hukou. Flowing on east, it joined Liukou Water, reached the foot of Madang Mountain, entered Wangjiang in Anhui, and continued eastward. A patrol office was posted at Madang. Six checkpoints: Madang, Xiaogu Fu, Beifengtao, Furongdun, Lukou, and Jingangliao. One courier station: Longcheng, which had been abolished. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was under the Grain Transport Circuit. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Inside the city walls stood Gaokong Mountain. To the east was Lianshan. To the west was Yungai. To the northeast was Baima. To the southwest was Magu Mountain. The Xu River, also called the Jianchang River, entered from Nanfeng, received Pengwu Stream and Jinzhu Ravine, ran east of the city, joined Litanshui and Feiyuan Water to form the East River, and flowed northeast into Jinxi. A patrol office was posted at Xinfeng. The towns of Lantian and Funiu. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 120 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west was Ri Mountain. To the south was Fu Mountain. To the east was Feiyuan Ridge. To the southwest, Hongshui Ridge gave rise to Litanshui, also called the Middle River; it joined Jiuzhe Water, reached Nanjin, took in Qixing Ravine on the left and Jiulong Pool on the right, and ran past the south of the city. Flowing on northwest to Gangkou, it joined Long'an Water on the left, reached Gongkou, and entered Nancheng. Feiyuan Water, also called the East River, rose at Jiyuan Shanling; Zhouhu joined it downstream; it ran northwest into Nancheng, joined Litanshui, and formed the East River. Long'an Water, also called the West River, rose at Huixian Peak, flowed northeast, and emptied into Litanshui. The towns of Shixia, Long'an, and Wufu. Patrol offices were stationed at Jigao and Tong'an. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 120 li south of the prefectural seat. To the west was Jun Mountain. To the east was Dalong. To the south was Shilong. To the southeast was Baizhang Ridge. The Xu River entered from Guangchang, took in Qu Stream and Sa Stream on the left and Jiuju Water on the right, ran past the south of the city eastward, joined Mancao Lake, Shuanggang, and Zigang, and entered Nancheng. The towns of Panzhou, Huangsha, Baishe, Longchi, and Xianju. Patrol offices were stationed at Longchi and Luofang. It was classified as administratively difficult. It lay 240 li south of the prefectural seat. To the northwest was Jinzhang. To the southwest was Wangjun Mountain. To the east was Zhonghua. To the south was Xiangfeng. To the southeast, Xuemu Ridge gave rise to the Xu River, which flowed northwest, took in the ports of Gengfang, Wenhui, and Daling on the right, reached outside the south gate, and was also called the West River. Flowing on north past the east of the city, it joined Xue Stream and Qingtong Port on the left and entered Lu Stream. Two checkpoints: Baishui and Toubei. Patrol offices were stationed at Baishui and Xiuling. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 150 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the south was Lianhua Mountain. To the east was Shisun. To the west was Yu Mountain. To the southwest was Yun Stream. To the southeast was Wufeng Mountain. Lu Stream entered from Guangze in Fujian, bent northwest to Shipi Ford, took in Jian Stream, ran north of the city to Sanxi Mouth, joined Nangang Water on the left, turned northeast past Gaofu, took in Yanqiao Port and Shui Stream on the right, entered Guixi, and became the Shangqing Stream. Luxi Town lay within the county. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was under the Grain Transport Circuit. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Within the city walls stood Xiangnan Mountain. To the west was Tong Mountain. To the east was Yingju. To the north was Bijia. To the south was Qigu. To the southeast was Linggu Mountain. The Ru River was the Xu River, also called the Fu River; it entered from Jinxi, ran northwest, joined the Lin River, crossed into Nanchang territory, and emptied into the Gan River. The Lin River entered from Chongren, ran northeast, met the Yihuang River, passed north of the county, and emptied into the Ru River. To the north stood the Qianjin Embankment. Hangbu Town. Patrol offices were posted at Wenjiazhuan and Dongguan. The Kongjia courier station, which had been abolished. It was classified as commercially active. It lay 130 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south was Guan Mountain. To the west was Zhegang. To the east were Yin Mountain and Jinku Mountain; Yunlin Mountain straddled the borders of Fuzhou, Jianchang, and Xinjiang prefectures. The Xu River entered from Nancheng, passed Mingshan Port, joined the Qing River, also called Shimen Water, met Jin Stream and Kuchu Water, and flowed into Linchuan. Qingjiang Water rose in Guangze, Fujian; at Qingjiang Bridge in the county it was called Qingjiang Water, flowed northwest, and joined the Xu River. Sangang Water rose at Yashan, took in Qingtian Port and Xianyan Port, and flowed into Dongxiang. One town, Xuwan, where an assistant magistrate was posted. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 90 li west of the prefectural seat. To the west stood Chongren Mountain, for which the county was named. To the southeast was Feihu. To the south were Huagai Mountain and Xiang Mountain. To the east was Xianyou. To the north was Li Mountain. The Lin River was Baotang Water; it entered from Le'an, passed Yantuo Stockade, received the Ba River, turned east, and joined the right waters of Luoshan. To the west, the Ning River ran past the south of the city; flowing on east, it joined the left waters of Luoshan and Qing Water, took in Guling Water on the right, reached Bailu Ford and entered Linchuan, and met the Yihuang River. A patrol office was posted at Fenggang Market. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefectural seat. Fengtai Mountain stood at the northern corner of the city walls. To the south was Huang Mountain. To the north was Cao Mountain. To the southwest stood Huangtu Ridge, source of the Huang River. To the southeast stood Jun Mountain, source of the Yi River. The two rivers united to form the Yihuang River. It joined Lan Water and Cao Water, united east of the city, entered Linchuan, and emptied into the Lin River. A patrol office was posted at Tangyin. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 90 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the southeast was Aotou. To the west was Shishan. To the north was Wanling Mountain. To the east, Furong Mountain gave rise to Aoxi Stream, which westward joined Xihua Mountain Water, reached the east of the city, took in waters from Zaixing Mountain and Zenggai Mountain, ran past the south of the city to Fubei, joined Yuan Stream and Daxi Stream, and flowed into Yongfeng. To the northwest, Dapan Mountain gave rise to Baotang Water, which northeastward joined Heyuan, Jiao River, and other waters, entered Chongren, and became the Lin River. Longyi Town. A patrol office was stationed at Zhaoxie. It was classified as administratively difficult. It lay 80 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east was Qibao. To the north was Wucai. To the west was Hu Mountain. To the northeast, Sangangkou Water gathered Huashan Port and Taiping Bridge Water, ran west past Xinbei, took in Qigang Water, entered Linchuan, and emptied into the Ru River. The three ports of Jinxi entered as Tianbu Water, coming in along the Anren border. Run Stream also rose from three sources, joined at Yanqian Embankment, and flowed north into Yugan. The towns of Baigan and Pingtang. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It was under the Salt Control Circuit. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and fiscally strained. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the west was Zhang Mountain. To the east was Hezao Mountain. To the south was Ruijun Mountain. The Gan River entered from Xingan and the Yuan River from Xinyu; together with the Upper and Lower Heng Rivers they circled north around the prefectural seat and became the Qing River. North of the Gan River it collided with the Shexi River and did not join again until twenty li north of the city walls. Flowing north, it met the Xiao and Gan rivers and entered Fengcheng. To the east stood the Meijia She Embankment. To the northeast stood the Baigong Embankment. A checkpoint at Zhangshu Town, where an assistant prefect was posted. One courier station: Xiaotan, which had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 60 li south of the prefectural seat. To the east was Peng Mountain. To the south was Fenggang Mountain. To the west was Baizhang Peak. To the northeast was Xiao Lu. The Gan River entered from Xiajiang, took in the Yi River, Luling Water, and Niekou Stream, passed west of the city, then ran past the southwest of the county; flowing north, it joined Gui Lake on the left and Jinshui on the right and entered the Qing River. A patrol office was stationed at Beishan. The Jinchuan courier station had been abolished. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 120 li west of the prefectural seat. To the southwest was Tong Mountain. To the north was Meng Mountain. To the south was Hukan Mountain. The Yuan River, also called the Yu River, entered from Fenyi; on the left it joined Yantang River, on the right took in Banpi Water, ran past the south of the county, and continued eastward. Passing Yantan, it reached the south of the city and was also called Xiushui. On the left it joined Huashui and Muhuanshui, on the right took in Qilishan Water and Matian Water, then flowed northeast into the Qing River. To the southwest, Huangjin Water entered from Luling and flowed into Xiajiang. A patrol office was posted at Shuibei Market. It was classified as strategically important. It lay 130 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west was Fenghuang Mountain. To the east was Yujian Mountain. To the south was Daojian Mountain. The Gan River entered from Jishui, received Huangjin Water, ran north past the south of the city, and was also called the Xiajiang. Flowing on northeast, it joined Yujian Water on the right and Tingtou Water on the left; at Wushi Ford it took in Yin Water, Xiang Water, and Lianhuatan Water and entered Xingan. The Yi River entered from Xingan; Heyuantou Water and Nanyuan Water circled Wugong Mountain and flowed back into it. A former office at Xiajiang had been abolished. The Yuxia courier station had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important. It was under the Salt Control Circuit. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Within the city walls stood Biluo Mountain. To the east was Dayu. To the west was Feng Ridge. To the south was Yang Mountain. To the north was Mi Mountain. To the northwest was Hualin Mountain. The Shu River, also called Jin Water, entered from Shanggao, flowed east to Xiangya Pool at Ruihe Mouth, and joined the Gan River. Qushui rose on Meng Mountain and flowed south into the Gan River. Gangling Town. A patrol office was stationed at Huibu. It was classified as fiscally strained and administratively difficult. It lay 120 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the west was Huangbo. To the north was Dagu Ridge, which together formed Badie Ridge. To the northwest was Huanggang Mountain. To the southwest, Jin Water entered from Shanggao, joined Changcheng on the left, flowed southeast to Lingjiang Mouth, and entered Shanggao. The Ling River, also called Yan Creek, rose on Xiaoyao and Badie mountains, ran past the west of the city, joined the Teng River, and emptied into the Shu River. Two patrol offices: at Dagu Ridge and Huanggang Cave. It was classified as administratively difficult. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north was Ao Mountain. To the south was Meng Mountain. To the southwest was Mi Mountain. The Shu River entered from Wanzai; on the left it joined Yile Water, on the right took in the Yun River. Flowing on northeast it joined the Ling River, then southeast took in Liukou Water and Xiekou Water, ran past the south of the city, and northeast to Dongkounao entered Gao'an. Lilou Bridge Town lay within the county. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 220 li northwest of the prefectural seat. In Guangxu 33, the dusi garrison was abolished and the county was established in its place. To the west stood Dawei Mountain, source of the Ningxiang River, also called the West River, which downstream emptied into the Xiu River. A patrol office was stationed at Paibutang. The Sangtou checkpoint. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. The circuit intendant's seat was at Pingxiang. Originally it was the Salt Control Circuit, which also inspected Yuan, Rui, and Linjiang prefectures from a seat at Nanchang. In Guangxu 33 it was converted to a dedicated circuit intendant post with a military intendant suffix; the seat was to move from Nanchang, and Nanchang was also placed under its jurisdiction. It was classified as strategically important. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the south was Yang Mountain. To the north was Heduan Mountain. To the east were Zhen Mountain and Wansheng Ridge. To the southwest was Wangfeng Mountain. The Yuan River, the ancient Qianshui, entered from Pingxiang, joined Luan Stream to form the Chou River, became the Xiujiang north of the city, took in Qingli River and Jiuqu Water on the right and the Wo River on the left, and entered Fenyi. To the northwest, Cangjiangling Water entered Pingxiang. A checkpoint at Taiping Pass Town. A patrol office was stationed at Huangpu. It was classified as strategically important. It lay 80 li east of the prefectural seat. To the east was Zhong Mountain. To the west was Chang Mountain. To the north was Gui Mountain. To the northeast was Jizu Mountain. The southwest branch of the Yuan River entered from Yichun, ran past the south of the city as the Xianqian River, flowed east out of Zhongshan Gorge, and entered Xinyu. To the northeast, Zhuqiao Water, Matian Water, and the Yan River entered Anfu and Luling. Guishan Town. The Anren courier station had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 140 li west of the prefectural seat. To the west was Xuxian Mountain. To the south was Bijia. To the southeast stood Luoxiao Mountain, source of the Luoxiao River. It split into two branches: one flowed east, joined the Qianshui and Yushui rivers, turned east past Xuanfeng checkpoint, entered Yichun, and became the Yuan River; The other flowed west, joined the Quan River, ran south of the city, met the northwestern streams of Luoxiao, turned northwest past Xiangdong Town, took in Pingxiling Water on the right, entered Liling in Hunan, and emptied into the Lu River. It had four towns: Xuanfeng, Luxi, Shangli, and Chaling Pass. Two patrol offices were stationed at Luxi Market and Anle. A former office at Caoshi Market had been abolished. A railway extended to Liling in Hunan. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 90 li north of the prefectural seat. To the north was Long Mountain. To the east was Dongqi Mountain. To the west was Tie Mountain. To the northwest was Zigai Mountain. The Long River, the ancient Shushui, rose from Jianchi west of the county, joined the separate Bodayutang source, and flowed east to gather in Jin'gui Lake. Its western branch entered Liuyang in Hunan. Flowing east again to Chushu Pool, it joined the Yezhu River, reached north of the city walls, and met the Long River. Turning west again, it took in the Kangle River on the left and entered Shanggao territory. A patrol office was posted at Zhushu Pool. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was under the Ji-Gan-Nanning Circuit. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the west was Tianhua. To the north was Ruihua. To the southeast was Qingyuan. To the south was Shengang. To the north was Luozi Mountain. The Gan River entered from Taihe, took in the Yichang River, and flowed northeast past Miaoqian checkpoint; the Lushui entered from Anfu in the west, joined the Heshui and Yongshui rivers of Yongxin, passed Shengang Mountain, and came to meet it. Flowing north again past the east side of the city, it passed Zhenjun Mountain and Bailuzhou to Luozi Stream, where it was called the Luochuan. Flowing northeast again, it joined the Hengshi and Xigangling rivers and together entered Jishui. Three patrol offices were stationed at Gujiang, Yongyang, and Futian. It was classified as strategically important. It lay 80 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east was Wang Mountain. To the west was Wu Mountain. To the northwest was Chuandan Mountain. The southwest branch of the Gan River entered from Wan'an as the Chengjiang, reached Zhulin Mouth in the county, and was joined by the Yunting River flowing from the northwest; it took in Qing Stream on the left, passed Jitou, received the Xiancha River on the right, and its northwestern Yongshui together entered Luling. Baiyang'ao Town. A patrol office was stationed at Majiazhou. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 45 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east was Dong Mountain. To the south was Tianyue. To the north was Wang Ridge. To the northwest was Chaoyuan. To the southeast was Guan Mountain. The Yichang River entered from Yongfeng, joined the Lu River, and at Zhangjiadu entered Luling. The Gan River flowed northeast again, passed southwest of the city and joined the En River to form the Jiwen River, then flowed northeast into Xiajiang. The Lu River rose in Yongfeng, gathered within the county as Lupi, and its lower course emptied into the Gan River. A patrol office was stationed at Futian. It was classified as fiscally strained and administratively difficult. It lay 135 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the south was Longhua. To the west was Xihua. To the north was Yan Mountain. To the east was Guo Mountain. To the northwest was Wang Ridge. The En River, also called Yongfeng Water, rose in Ningdu, Le'an, and Xingguo, flowed past the southeast of the city, joined the Gexi and Baishui rivers, met the Longmen River and Yichang River, entered Jishui, and emptied into the Gan River. Three patrol offices were stationed at Cengshan, Shaxi, and Biaohu. A checkpoint was stationed at Shanggu. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 120 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east was Menggang. To the south was Nangang. To the north was Ehu. To the northwest stood Wugong Mountain, source of the Lu River, the ancient Lushui; north of the city it turned east and joined the Zhixi, bent south to Yangkou, joined the Wang River, entered Luling, met the Yongxin River, and entered the Gan River. Shi Town. A patrol office was stationed at Luotang. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 250 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west was Shihan. To the east was Yin Mountain. To the south was Wufeng. To the southeast was Qiantang Mountain. The Suishui, also called the Longquan River, rose from the Left and Right Streams. The Left Stream had one branch entering from Guiyang in Hunan and one from Shangyou; they joined at Zuo'an in the county. The Right Stream rose from Shihan Mountain, joined the Left Stream at Lipai Ford to form the Suishui, flowed east, and entered Wan'an. The Shushui, also called Heshe, rose at Huang'ao north of the county, flowed east to Wayao in Taihe, and entered the Gan River. Three towns: Heyuan; Beixiang and Xiuzhou each also had patrol offices, along with three at Zuo'an. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 180 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west was Furong. To the east was Jiaoyuan. To the south was Chao Mountain. The Gan River entered from Gan, joined the Liangkou, Zaokou, and Youtian streams, passed southwest of the city, joined the Long and Hui streams, flowed north again past Huanggong Shoal to receive the Shaoshui, and became Shaokou. Flowing northeast again, it joined the Chengjian and at Yaotang entered Taihe. To the west, the Shushui entered from Longquan and also entered Taihe territory; to the northwest was Meipi. Two patrol offices were stationed at Wusuo and Tantou. One courier station: Zaokou, which had been abolished. It was classified as commercially active and administratively difficult. It lay 220 li west of the prefectural seat. To the east was Donghua Mountain. To the northeast was Gaoshi. To the south was Yi Mountain. To the northwest stood He Mountain, source of the Heshui, also called the Yongxin River; entering from Lianhua Subprefecture, it flowed east around the county and at Baibao entered Luling. A patrol office was stationed at Shangpingzhai. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 280 li west of the prefectural seat. To the east was Qishan. To the west was Jiang Mountain. To the northwest stood Qixi Ridge, source of the Shengye River; flowing west it joined the Guaihu Mountain stream, passed south of the city, turned west again to join the Jiang Mountain stream, bent north past Xiaojiang Mountain into Yongxin, and emptied into the Hechuan. A patrol office was posted at Shengxiang Stockade. It was classified as strategically important, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 260 li west of the prefectural seat. It was established in Qianlong 8. To the west was Guancheng Mountain. To the southeast was Hu Mountain. To the north was Huangyang. To the northeast was Yuping Mountain. The Wenhui River rose northwest on the border of Pingxiang and You County in Hunan, passed Gaotian Cliff, took in the streams of Shangxi and Longxi townships, and gathered at Longpi. Looping west around the city, it joined the Qinting River and from Majiang to Longshan Mouth flowed into Yongxin. To the northeast, the Shuiyundong River entered Pingxiang. To the southwest, the Chashui rose at Shutang Ridge and flowed into Hunan. A patrol office was stationed at Fuhan Village. The Lianhua Bridge checkpoint. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. Seat of the Ji-Gan-Nanning Circuit. The Southern Gan-Ji-Yuan-Linning regional commander was posted here. It was classified as strategically important, commercially active, and administratively difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the south was Kongtong Mountain. To the southeast was Yufang. To the southwest was Jiufeng. To the north were Chu Mountain and Huangtang. To the northeast was Jinluo Mountain. The Zhang River entered from Nankang and flowed northeast past the west of the city; the Gong River entered from Yudu and flowed west past the east of the city; at Yuwei Pool they joined to form the Gan River, where the Gan Pass stood—the river anciently called the Huhanshui—which flowed north into Wan'an. Of the Eighteen Rapids, nine lay within the county's territory. A commercial tax office stood north of the seat. Three patrol offices were stationed at Changxing, Guiyuan, and Dahu River. Four checkpoints: Shuikou, Guancun, Liangfu, and Dongtang. It was classified as administratively difficult. It lay 155 li east of the prefectural seat. To the east was Xia Mountain. To the north was Yu Mountain. To the southwest was Yao Mountain. To the southeast was Chaihou Mountain. The Gong River entered from Huichang, flowed north past the Qimao checkpoint, took in Leigongzhang Water on the right, turned west to join Aonao'wu Water, reached Baishitang, joined the Ningdu River, and entered Gan. A patrol office was stationed at Xingren. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 160 li south of the prefectural seat. To the west was Mugong Mountain. To the east was Changlao. To the northwest was Lin Mountain. The Taojiang entered from Longnan, flowed north into the county, and became the Xinfeng River. Flowing northeast, it joined the Sanjiang River, entered Gan, and emptied into the Gong River. A patrol office was stationed at Yangxi Fort. It was classified as administratively difficult. It lay 180 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the west was Yushan. To the east was Yashi Mountain. To the north was Fujie. To the northeast was Wugong Mountain. The Lian River, also called the Xingguo River, met Pingchuan, turned south past the east of the city, then west; on the left it joined the Cheng River, on the right took in Heling Liaowu Stream and Wushansheng Water, entered Gan, and emptied into the Gong River. To the west, the Yichang River rose at Qiangong Mountain and flowed into Yongfeng. To the north, the Yunting River entered Taihe. A patrol office was stationed at Yijin Stockade. Two checkpoints: Juncun and Yashi. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 320 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south was Siwang Mountain. To the north was Ming Mountain. To the east was Gufang. To the southeast was Pangu Mountain. The Gong River entered from Ruijin, joined the Mian, Lian, and Xiang rivers, flowed west into Yudu. To the southeast, the Rongyang River rose at Junmen Ridge and flowed into Wuping. Two towns, Xiangxiang and Chengxiang. A patrol office was stationed at Junmen Ridge. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 330 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west was Yuanhua. To the north was Tie Mountain. To the southeast was Ma'an Mountain. The Lian River, also called the Anyuan River, rose at Yangtian Lake in Changning, flowed west past the south of the city, northwest joined the Xingshan Anyuan stream, from which the county took its name. Flowing northeast past Gutian, it met the Shanglian River, then turned north, took in Liren and the Xiaohua River on the left and Yunlei Water on the right, entered Huichang, and gathered the Xiang River. The Sanbaikeng River rose at Sanbai Mountain and flowed southwest into Dingnan. An assistant magistrate was posted at Luotang Market and a patrol office at Banshi Town. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 440 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west was Damo Mountain. To the southwest was Qian Mountain. To the north was Guanxi. To the southeast was Xiang Mountain. The Xunwu River rose at Xinjiaolu Mountain in Xunwu Fort, bent southeast to join the Mafu'nao River, then flowed southwest to Dabijiao east of the city, met the Madi River, Heling River, and Taihu Cave stream, and entered Longchuan in Guangdong. Shuangqiao Town. Patrol offices were stationed at Xinping and Huangxiang Fort. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 350 li south of the prefectural seat. To the south was Guimei. To the west was Luma. To the southeast was Qingxiu. To the southwest stood Dongtao Mountain, source of the Taoshui. Flowing northeast past the north of the city, it joined the Lian and Wo rivers to form Sanjiang Mouth. Flowing on north, it joined the Sayuan Fort stream, passed Longtou Mountain, entered Xinfeng, and became the Taojiang. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 435 li south of the prefectural seat. It had formerly been a county. It was reorganized in Qianlong 38. Within the city walls stood Wenchang Mountain. To the south was Santai. To the north was Yangmei Mountain. To the northeast stood Liu'ao Mountain. The Hezi River's upper course was the Sanbaikeng stream; rising in Anyuan, it entered as the Jiuqu River, passed Jiuzhou, joined the Liu'ao Pass stream, and reached Shuikou. On the right it took in the Wenling stream, then flowed north past Sanxikou, joined the Sankeng stream, and entered Longchuan in Guangdong. The Xianshui rose in the Nankeng hills, flowed to Longnan, joined the Lian River, and emptied into the Taojiang. A patrol office was stationed at Xiali Town. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 405 li south of the prefectural seat. It had formerly been Guanyinge, where an assistant prefect governed. It was reorganized in Guangxu 29. The Taoshui came from Longnan, flowed east, and entered Sanjiang Mouth. A patrol office was posted at Yangxi Fort. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It was under the Ji-Gan-Nanning Circuit. To the west was Jinjing Mountain. To the east was Cuiping. To the south was Luoshi. To the north was Lingyun Mountain. To the northeast stood Meiling, source of the Meijiang; flowing south it joined other streams to form the East River, reached the northeast of the zhou seat, joined the West River, and formed Sanjiang Mouth. Flowing on south, it joined the Baisha and Bailu streams, became the Ningdu River, and entered Yudu. A patrol office was stationed at Xiahe Stockade. Four checkpoints: Xiaotian, Lushe, Huangpi, and Gucun. It was classified as commercially active, fiscally strained, and administratively difficult. It lay 170 li southeast of the zhou seat. To the northeast was Chenshi. To the west was Shimen. To the south was Yunlong. To the north was Ruiyun Mountain. The Gong River entered from Changting in Fujian, reached the southeast of the city, joined the Mian and Luohan streams, reached Shuidong Ford, joined Beiba Water, and entered Huichang. To the northeast, the Qin River entered Yudu along the border from Ningdu. Patrol offices were stationed at Ruilin Stockade and Hubei. A checkpoint at Ruilin Stockade. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 110 li east of the zhou seat. To the east was Sunshi. To the northeast was Yashu. To the southwest was Bagua. To the west was Xihua Mountain. The Qin River rose at Yingzigang on Yashu Mountain, southwest joined the Ba stream, reached the east of the city, then turned southwest; on the right it took in Xiagongzhe, on the left Fengshu'ao and Lianhua Water, passed Guzhang Pool, joined the Lizidong and Huangzhutan streams, and entered the zhou seat. A patrol office was stationed at Zhuosha Stockade. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It was under the Ji-Gan-Nanning Circuit. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the southwest stood Dayu Ridge, from which the county took its name; also called Meiling, with a pass called Meiguan on it, connected as Xiaomeiling. To the east was Shizi. To the west was Xihua. To the north was Tiegang. To the northeast was Yuquan. The Zhang River entered from Chongyi, passed northeast by Tufeng Mountain, joined the Lidongbi and Chiling streams, then southeast joined the Pingzheng and Liangre streams, then east took in the Fujiang, passed south of the city, then east joined the Dashahu and Zhankou River, and entered Nankang. Patrol offices were stationed at Chishiling and Yulin Town. The towns of Xiaocheng and Xincheng. One courier station: Xiaoxi. Its Hengpu courier station had been abolished. It was classified as strategically important and commercially active. It lay 135 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the north was Xu Mountain. To the northeast was Yaji. To the southeast was Duxiu. To the southwest was Long Mountain. To the northwest was Qin Mountain. The Furong River was the Zhang River; entering from Dayu, it flowed east, turned north to take in Nanye Water, then northeast; the Shangyou River entered from that county, joined West Fu Water, and on the left took in the Qin, Guo, and Meijiang streams together to form Sanjiang Mouth. Flowing on east, it entered Gan and joined the Gong River. Patrol offices were stationed at Tankou and Xiang'an. The Nanye courier station had been abolished. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 205 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east was Zishou. To the west was Shu Mountain. To the south was Fang Mountain. To the north was Feifeng Mountain. The Zhang River from the southwest entered from Chongyi, joined the Qin River from the northwest and the Lixin stream, passed Wugong Gorge, on the left took in the Dou, Michao, and Liao streams, turned southeast past the south of the city, and was called County Front Water. Flowing on east, on the left it joined the You stream and became the Shangyou River. It again joined the Ninety-Nine Bends stream, then southeast joined the Gankeng stream, and together with the Shaoshui south of the city entered Nankang and emptied into the Zhang River. A patrol office was stationed at Fulong. At Yingqian an assistant magistrate was posted. It was classified as having simple administration. It lay 120 li north of the prefectural seat. To the north was Chong Mountain. To the south was Guanyin. To the northwest was Tonggang. To the southwest stood Niedu Mountain, source of the Zhang River; flowing south it passed Shizi Cliff and split in two: the southern branch, also called the Chijiang, entered Dayu; The northern branch flowed northeast past the west of the city; its western source stream was the Yijiang; east it took in the Qin River and entered Shangyou, then southeast to Pingjiang. To the west, the Fu River joined Nanyuan Water, took in Yi'an Water on the right, and reached Fujiang Mouth. Flowing on south, the Fujiang together entered Nankang. The Hengshui rose at Dazhang Mountain, looped around the north of the city and out, met the Dongxi stream, and entered the Shangyou River. The towns of Shangbao and Wenying. Three patrol offices were stationed at Jinkeng, Qianchang, and Changlong.
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