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志四十三
Treatise 43
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地理十五
Geography 15
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湖南:禹貢荊州之域。 明屬湖廣布政使司,置偏沅巡撫。 清初因之。 康熙三年,析置湖南布政使司,為湖南省,移偏沅巡撫駐長沙。 雍正二年,改偏沅巡撫為湖南巡撫,並歸湖廣總督兼轄。 七年,置永順府,升岳州之澧州。 十年,升衡州之桂陽州。 乾隆元年,升辰州之沅州為府。 嘉慶二年,升辰州之乾州、鳳凰、永綏三廳。 二十二年,置晃州廳。 光緒十八年,置南州廳。 領府九,直隸廳五,直隸州四,屬州三,縣六十四。 東至江西義寧; 三百五十里。 西至貴州銅仁; 一千七百三十五里。 南至廣東連州; 八百二十里。 北至湖北監利。 三百五十里。 廣一千四百二十里,袤一千一百五十里。 北極高二十四度四十九分至二十九度三十七分。 京師偏西二度十四分至七度四十三分。 宣統三年,編戶四百二十八萬八千一百六十四,口二千二百五萬二千一百五十九。 其名山:衡岳、九疑、都龐、騎田、萌渚、幕阜。 其巨川:湘、沅、資、澧。 其澤:洞庭。 驛道:自長沙北達湖北蒲圻; 東南出插嶺關達江西萍鄉; 南達廣西全州; 西達貴州玉屏。 鐵路幹:粵漢中段。 支:萍株。 航路:自長沙南達湘潭,北達漢口。 電線:自長沙北達漢口,南通桂林,西通洪江,東通江西萍鄉、安源。
Hunan lay within the Jing region described in the Yu's Tribute. Under the Ming it fell under the Huguang provincial administration commission, with a Pianyuan grand coordinator stationed there. The early Qing kept the same arrangement. In Kangxi 3 (1664), a separate Hunan provincial administration commission was established, creating Hunan Province, and the Pianyuan grand coordinator was relocated to Changsha. In Yongzheng 2 (1724), the post was retitled Hunan grand coordinator and brought under the Huguang governor-general's concurrent jurisdiction. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), Yongshun Prefecture was created and Li under Yuezhou was promoted. In the tenth year (1732), Guiyang under Hengzhou was promoted. In Qianlong 1 (1736), Yuan under Chenzhou was raised to prefectural status. In Jiaqing 2 (1797), Qian, Fenghuang, and Yongshui under Chenzhou were all promoted to departments. In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing (1817), Huangzhou Department was established. In Guangxu 18 (1892), Nanzhou Department was established. In all it comprised nine prefectures, five directly controlled departments, four directly controlled sub-prefectures, three subordinate sub-prefectures, and sixty-four counties. On the east, to Yining in Jiangxi; a distance of three hundred and fifty li. On the west, to Tongren in Guizhou; one thousand seven hundred and thirty-five li. On the south, to Lianzhou in Guangdong; eight hundred and twenty li. On the north, to Jianli in Hubei. A distance of three hundred and fifty li. It measured one thousand four hundred and twenty li across and one thousand one hundred and fifty li from north to south. Its north polar altitude ranged from 24°49′ to 29°37′. It lay from 2°14′ to 7°43′ west of the capital. In Xuantong 3 (1911), registered households totaled 4,288,164, with a population of 22,052,159. Notable mountains included Mount Heng, Jiuyi, Dupang, Qitian, Mengzhu, and Mufu. Its major rivers were the Xiang, Yuan, Zi, and Li. Its great lake was Dongting. Postal routes ran from Changsha north to Puqi in Hubei; southeast through Chaling Pass to Pingxiang in Jiangxi; south to Quanzhou in Guangxi; and west to Yuping in Guizhou. The main railway was the middle section of the Guangzhou–Hankou line. A branch line ran from Pingxiang to Zhuzhou. Shipping routes ran south from Changsha to Xiangtan and north to Hankou. Telegraph lines from Changsha ran north to Hankou, south to Guilin, west to Hongjiang, and east to Pingxiang and Anyuan in Jiangxi.
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長沙府:沖,繁,難。 巡撫治; 布政、提學、提法三司,巡警、勸業、鹽法、長寶四道同治。 府隸之。 明隸湖廣布政使司。 康熙中,偏沅巡撫自沅州徙駐,為省治。 雍正二年改湖南巡撫。 東北至京師三千五百八十五里。 廣一千里,袤五百九十里。 北極高二十八度十三分。 京師偏西三度四十分。 領州一,縣十一。 長沙沖,繁,難。 倚。 東:天井。 西:谷山。 北:羅洋、石寶、麻潭、智度、銅山。 巨川則大江,洞庭湖匯湘、沅、資、澧入焉。 湘江自湘潭、善化入,納潦滸河及白沙河。 又西北,右合下泥港,左桐樹港,納八曲河,逕銅官山,至靖港,為古新康江口。 又西北,會喬口河,入湘陰。 瀏陽河在縣南,源出大圍山,西北流,經縣界入湘。 陶關在縣西南。 有喬頭鎮巡司。 喬頭、長沙二驛。 長株鐵路。 善化沖,繁,難。 倚。 南:昭山。 西:嶽麓。 西北:金盤。 東南:錫山,湘水在西,自湘潭入,西北流,左納觀音港,至瓦官口,靳江水從西南來注之。 北過水陸洲,入於長沙。 東:瀏渭水自瀏陽入,北合金塘港,至長沙入湘水。 又西,卯江水,一名滿官江,源出寧鄉嵇架山,東北與螺陂河水合,入長沙,是為八曲河。 南有暮雲市廢巡司。 有驛。 長株鐵路。 湘潭沖,繁,難。 府西南一百里。 西:烏台。 東:石潭。 南:曉霞。 東北:昭山,其下有昭潭。 西北:韶山。 西南:隱山。 東南:鳳凰山。 湘水自衡山入,東南流,過晚洲,屈而北,硃亭港水注之。 又東北,過淦田市,東與醴陵縣界。 又北,過空冷峽,又東北至於鑿石浦。 屈而西,涓水自西南來會。 水逕縣西易俗鄉,又名曰易俗河。 又北至湘河口,左合漣水。 又東北過縣治南,又西北為峨洲,入於善化。 其西靳江水自寧鄉入,迤東至善化入湘水。 二鎮:硃亭,縣丞駐; 下灄,舊有巡司,廢。 又永寧巡司亦廢。 黃茅巡司,乾隆二十六年置,後遷縣東株洲市,更名。 有南岸驛。 有商埠,光緒三十一年奏開。 有長株、株萍鐵路。 湘陰沖,繁,難。 府北一百二十里。 北:黃陵。 東:神鼎。 東南:玉池。 東北:汨羅山、玉笥山。 西北:錫山。 湘水在西,自長沙入,北合門涇江,又北流,西別出為濠河水,西北與資水分流,其合處曰臨資口。 其正渠又北至縣治西南,白水江注之。 又北過蘆林潭,錫江水合濠河水自西來會。 又北合汨水,西與湄水合。 又西北會羅水,為汨羅江,西北流,歧為二,至屈潭復合。 西北過屈羅戍南,分流注湘水。 湘水西北至磊石山,入於洞庭湖。 鎮三:營田,蕭婆、大荊。 縣丞治林子口。 西北有營田巡司,後廢。 新市、大荊鎮二巡司。 湘陰、歸義二驛。 寧鄉沖。 府西北一百里。 南:石鼓。 北:香林。 東:天馬。 東南:嵇山。 西:大溈山,溈水出,東南流,右納黃絹水,左瑕溪,至雙江口,流沙河水自西南來注之。 又東北,左合玉堂江水,右烏江水,又東北至縣治南,屈而東,會平江水,又東北入於長沙,為新康江。 又有靳江水在縣南,源出湘鄉,迤東至湘潭入湘。 有唐市鎮。 有驛。 瀏陽繁,疲,難。 府東一百五十里。 西:洞陽山。 北:道吾。 東北:大光山。 又大圍山,瀏水出,西南至雙江口,小溪水自東來會。 又過縣治西南,瀏渭水北流入焉。 又西與小河水合,西北入於長沙。 北:石柱峰,潦滸河出,西南流,屈西北至長沙為澇塘水。 又南川水即澄潭江,自江西萬載入,西南過江口入於醴陵,其下流是為淥水也。 永興、居仁二鎮。 梅子園一巡司,澄潭江,後遷縣西永安市。 醴陵簡。 府東南一百八十里。 北:小溈山。 東:王喬。 東南:大屏。 西南:君子山。 湘水瀆自湘潭入。 又南淥江水,有二源:北源曰南川水,自瀏陽入,西南至雙江口,萍水自南來會; 水出江西萍鄉縣,是為南源。 又西過縣治南,右納姜灣水,又西與鐵江水合。 水一名北江,自攸縣入,北合清水江,又北流為泗汾河。 水又北入淥水,至淥口入於湘。 有插嶺關。 淥口鎮巡司及驛,與醴陵驛為二。 株萍鐵路。 益陽沖,難。 府西北二百里。 北:五溪山。 南:小廬。 西:修山。 西北:紫雲。 西南:浮丘山。 益陽江在南,一名茱萸江,即資水,自安化入,東合泥溪、沾溪、桃花江、志溪諸水,過縣治南,別出為蘭溪水。 合喬江,東北流,北別出為甘溪,入沅江。 東有喬江水,首受資水,自沅江入。 西:西林港,歧為二,一東北入湘陰,一東南入長沙,皆合湘水。 北有益水,出五溪山,東與甘溪水合,至沅江入資。 有瓦湖鎮。 有驛。 湘鄉沖,疲,難。 府西南二百一十里。 北:仙女山。 東:東台。 西:石佛。 西北:靈羊。 西南有大禹山。 漣水一名湘鄉河,自邵陽入,北合金竹水,又北與藍田水會。 東北流,左納西陽水,屈東南至大江口,側水合崖源水自西南來注。 又東北過石魚山東,青陂水南流合焉,東北至湘潭入湘水。 虞塘、定勝二鎮。 縣丞治永豐市。 婁底巡司。 明置武障,乾隆三年徙改。 攸繁,疲,難。 府東南二百八十里。 東:司空。 東北:羅浮。 西北:明月山。 攸水在東,源出江西萍鄉縣西,合陽升江水,西南至縣治東南入洣水。 水自茶陵入,亦名曰茶陵江也。 洣水又西與陰山江合,入衡山。 東北有鳳嶺巡司,雍正十一年置。 安化簡。 府西二百六十里。 東:移風。 南:浮青。 北:大峰。 西北:小辰。 西南:大熊山。 山與新化接界。 資水在西,一名邵河,自新化入。 西北合渠水,屈東北流,過縣治北,屈而東,敷溪水自南來注。 又東納善溪水,入於益陽。 東南有藍田水,亦自新化入,東北至湘鄉入漣水。 又歸溪水,源出縣西司徒嶺,西南流,與湄江合。 屈東南,至湘鄉合藍田水。 茶陵州繁,難。 府東南四百八十里。 西:雲陽。 東:皇雩。 東北:景陽山,即茶山。 洣水自酃入,亦曰茶陵江,西北流,右納洮水,北過州治東,茶水自東北來注,又西北入攸。 有視渡口巡司,治州南視渡關,後遷高岡南關。
Changsha Prefecture was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was the seat of the grand coordinator; together with the provincial civil administration, education, and judicial administration commissions and the patrol police, industrial promotion, salt administration, and Changbao circuits. The prefecture fell under the province. Under the Ming it belonged to the Huguang provincial administration commission. During the Kangxi reign the Pianyuan grand coordinator relocated from Yuanzhou, making it the provincial capital. In Yongzheng 2 (1724) the post was retitled Hunan grand coordinator. It stood three thousand five hundred and eighty-five li northeast of the capital. It measured one thousand li across and five hundred and ninety li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 28°13′. It lay 3°40′ west of the capital. It governed one sub-prefecture and eleven counties. Changsha was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the east: Tianjing. To the west: Gushan. To the north: Luoyang, Shibao, Matan, Zhidu, and Tongshan. Its great river was the Yangzi; Dongting Lake received the Xiang, Yuan, Zi, and Li. The Xiang entered from Xiangtan and Shanhua, taking in the Liaoxi and Baisha rivers. Farther northwest it took the Xiani Harbor on the right and the Tongshu Harbor on the left, received the Baqu River, passed Tongguan Mountain to Jinggang—the ancient mouth of the Xinkang River. Still farther northwest it met the Qiaokou River and entered Xiangyin. The Liuyang River lay south of the county, rising on Mount Dawei, flowing northwest through the county into the Xiang. Taoguan Pass lay southwest of the county. It had a Qiaotou garrison patrol office. Courier stations at Qiaotou and Changsha. The Changsha–Zhuzhou railway passed through. Shanhua was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the south: Zhaoshan. To the west: Yuelu. To the northwest: Jinpan. Southeast lay Xishan; to the west the Xiang entered from Xiangtan, flowed northwest taking Guanyin Harbor on the left, and at Waguan Mouth the Jin River joined from the southwest. It passed Shuilu Isle to the north and entered Changsha. To the east the Liuwei River entered from Liuyang, joined the Jintang Harbor northward, and at Changsha entered the Xiang. Farther west the Maojiang, also called the Manguan River, rose on Jijia Mountain in Ningxiang, joined the Luopi River northeastward, and entered Changsha as the Baqu River. To the south stood the abolished Muyun market patrol office. It had a courier station. The Changsha–Zhuzhou railway passed through. Xiangtan was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It lay one hundred li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west: Wutai. To the east: Shitan. To the south: Xiaoxia. To the northeast: Zhaoshan, with Zhaotan at its foot. To the northwest: Shaoshan. To the southwest: Yinshan. To the southeast: Fenghuang Mountain. The Xiang entered from Hengshan, flowed southeast past Wan Isle, turned north, and received the Zhuting Harbor stream. Farther northeast it passed Gantian market and bordered Liling County on the east. It continued north through Kongleng Gorge and northeast to Zaoshi Ford. It bent west where the Juan River joined from the southwest. The stream passed Yisu Township west of the county and was also known as the Yisu River. Farther north at Xianghe Mouth it took the Lian River on the left. It passed south of the county seat northeastward, then formed E Isle northwestward and entered Shanhua. To the west the Jin River entered from Ningxiang, wound east through Shanhua into the Xiang. Two market towns: Zhuting, where the assistant magistrate was stationed; and Xiawan, whose former patrol office had been abolished. The Yongning patrol office had also been abolished. The Huangmao patrol office was established in Qianlong 26 (1761), later moved to Zhuzhou market east of the county and renamed. It had a Nan'an courier station. A commercial port was opened by memorial in Guangxu 31 (1905). The Changsha–Zhuzhou and Zhuzhou–Pingxiang railways passed through. Xiangyin was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It lay 120 li north of the prefectural seat. To the north: Huangling. To the east: Shending. To the southeast: Yuchi. To the northeast: Mount Miluo and Mount Yujian. To the northwest: Xishan. To the west the Xiang entered from Changsha, joined the Menjing River northward, and flowed north; a western branch became the Haoshui River, which northwestward split from the Zi at Linzikou. The main channel continued north to southwest of the county seat, where the Baishui River joined it. Farther north it passed Lulin Pool, where the Xishui and Haoshui rivers met from the west. Farther north it took the Mi River, which westward received the Mei River. Still farther northwest it met the Luo River to form the Miluo River, which flowed northwest, divided in two, and reunited at Qutan. It passed south of Quiluo Garrison northwestward and split into branches entering the Xiang. The Xiang flowed northwest to Leishi Mountain and entered Dongting Lake. Three market towns: Yingtian; Xiaopo and Dajing. The assistant magistrate was stationed at Linzikou. To the northwest stood a Yingtian patrol office, later abolished. Patrol offices at Xinshi and Dajing market towns. Courier stations at Xiangyin and Guiyi. Ningxiang was rated pivotal. It lay 100 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the south: Shigu. To the north: Xianglin. To the east: Tianma. To the southeast: Jishan. To the west rose Mount Dawei, source of the Wei River, which flowed southeast taking the Huangjuan on the right and Xiaxi on the left; at Shuangjiang Mouth the Shahe joined from the southwest. Farther northeast it took the Yutang River on the left and the Wujiang on the right, then northeast to south of the county seat bent east, met the Ping River, and entered Changsha northeastward as the Xinkang River. The Jin River also lay south of the county, rising in Xiangxiang, winding east through Xiangtan into the Xiang. It had Tangshi market town. It had a courier station. Liuyang was rated busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It lay 150 li east of the prefectural seat. To the west: Mount Dongyang. To the north: Daowu. To the northeast: Mount Daguang. Also Mount Dawei, source of the Liu River, which southwest to Shuangjiang Mouth met the Xiaoxi coming from the east. It passed southwest of the county seat, where the Liuwei River joined from the north. Farther west it met the Xiao River and entered Changsha northwestward. To the north stood Shizhu Peak, source of the Liaoxi River, which flowed southwest, bent northwest to Changsha as the Laotang River. The Nanchuan River, also called the Chengtang, entered from Wanzai in Jiangxi, passed Jiangkou southwest into Liling; its lower course was the Lu River. Market towns at Yongxing and Juren. A Meiziyuan patrol office at Chengtang River was later moved to Yong'an market west of the county. Liling was rated for simple administration. It lay 180 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the north: Little Dawei Mountain. To the east: Wangqiao. To the southeast: Daping. To the southwest: Mount Junzi. A distributary of the Xiang entered from Xiangtan. Farther south the Lu River had two sources: the northern, the Nanchuan River, entered from Liuyang southwest to Shuangjiang Mouth, where the Ping River joined from the south; that river rose in Pingxiang County, Jiangxi—the southern source. It passed south of the county seat westward, took the Jiangwan on the right, and farther west met the Tie River. The other stream, also called the North River, entered from You County, joined the Qingshui northward, and flowing north became the Sifen River. It flowed north into the Lu River and at Lukou entered the Xiang. It had Chaling Pass. A Lukou market-town patrol office and courier station, two stations in all counting Liling. The Zhuzhou–Pingxiang railway passed through. Yiyang was rated pivotal and difficult. It lay 200 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Mount Wuxi. To the south: Xiaolu. To the west: Xiushan. To the northwest: Ziyun. To the southwest: Mount Fuqiu. The Yiyang River lay south, also called the Zhuyu River—the Zi River—which entered from Anhua, eastward took the Nixi, Zhanxi, Taohua, and Zhixi rivers, passed south of the county seat, and branched out as the Lanxi. It joined the Qiao River and flowed northeast, branching north as the Ganxi into the Yuan. To the east the Qiao River first received the Zi and entered from the Yuan. To the west Xilin Harbor split in two, one branch northeast into Xiangyin and one southeast into Changsha, both entering the Xiang. To the north the Yi River rose on Mount Wuxi, joined the Ganxi eastward, and at the Yuan entered the Zi. It had Wahui market town. It had a courier station. Xiangxiang was rated pivotal, fiscally strained, and difficult. It lay 210 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Mount Xiannü. To the east: Dongtai. To the west: Shifo. To the northwest: Lingyang. To the southwest stood Mount Dayu. The Lian River, also called the Xiangxiang River, entered from Shaoyang, joined the Jinzhu northward, and farther north met the Lantian River. It flowed northeast, took the Xiyang on the left, bent southeast to Dajiang Mouth, where the Ceshui and Yayuan rivers joined from the southwest. Farther northeast it passed east of Shiyu Mountain, where the Qingbei joined flowing south, then entered the Xiang at Xiangtan. Market towns at Yutang and Dingsheng. The assistant magistrate was stationed at Yongfeng market. A Loudi patrol office. Established as Wuzhang in the Ming, it was moved and renamed in Qianlong 3 (1738). You County was rated busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It lay 280 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: Sikong. To the northeast: Luofu. To the northwest: Mount Mingyue. The You River lay to the east, rising west of Pingxiang County in Jiangxi, joining the Yangsheng River, and entering the Mi southwest of the county seat. The Mi entered from Chaling and was also called the Chaling River. The Mi flowed west, joined the Yinshan River, and entered Hengshan. To the northeast stood a Fengling patrol office, established in Yongzheng 11 (1733). Anhua was rated for simple administration. It lay 260 li west of the prefectural seat. To the east: Yifeng. To the south: Fuqing. To the north: Dafeng. To the northwest: Xiaochen. To the southwest: Mount Daxiong. The mountain bordered Xinhua. The Zi River lay west, also called the Shao River, entering from Xinhua. Northwest it joined the Qu River, bent northeast past the county seat, turned east, and the Fuxi joined from the south. Farther east it took the Shanxi and entered Yiyang. Southeast the Lantian River also entered from Xinhua and northeast through Xiangxiang joined the Lian. The Guixi rose on Situ Ridge west of the county, flowed southwest, and met the Meijiang. It bent southeast to Xiangxiang and joined the Lantian. Chaling Prefecture was rated busy and difficult. It lay 480 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west: Yunyang. To the east: Huangyu. To the northeast: Mount Jingyang, also called Tea Mountain. The Mi entered from Ling, also called the Chaling River, flowed northwest taking the Tao on the right, passed north of the seat eastward, received the Chashui from the northeast, and entered You northwestward. A Shidukou patrol office administered Shidukou Pass south of the prefecture, later moved to Gaogang South Pass.
5
寶慶府:難。 隸長寶道。 舊隸湖廣布政使司,康熙三年來屬。 東北距省治五百里。 廣六百六十里,袤六百三十里。 北極高二十七度四分。 京師偏西五度六分。 領州一,縣四。 邵陽繁,難。 倚。 南:四望。 東:大雲。 東北有龍山。 西北:首望。 資水自武岡入,東納辰溪水,東北過府治北。 邵水出龍山,南合桐江、檀江,屈西北流注之,北與漁溪合。 西北會高平水,入新化。 又漣水亦出龍山,東北入湘鄉。 又烝水源出邪姜山,合大雲水,至衡陽入湘。 又西洋江出西北隆回鄉,南至武岡,流合洞口水。 有隆回巡司。 其黑田鋪巡司,乾隆二十五年置,後廢。 通判駐桃花坪。 新化繁,難。 府西北一百八十里。 北:大熊山。 東北有黃柏界山,皆與安化接界。 南:梅山、長龍。 西南:文仙。 西北:清虛,一名大西山。 資水在東,自邵陽入,西北過縣治北,雲溪水合洋溪自西南來注之。 又北與油溪水合,入安化。 西有渠江水,源出冷溪山,北至安化入資水。 東有藍田水,上源曰墨溪,出邵陽,亦入安化。 高平水出西南首望山,東南流,入邵陽,注資水。 西北有蘇溪鎮巡司,乾隆四十年廢。 城步難。 府西南四百二十里。 乾隆三年改隸靖州,七年復。 東:羅漢山。 東南:金紫山,與廣西全州接界。 西南:金童,又有藍山。 西北:楓門山。 東北:青角山,即古路山,資水所出,一名都梁水,又名濟水。 北流屈東,左會款溪水,入武岡。 又有巫水,源出東北巫山,南屈而西為漁渡江,縣東南諸水皆入焉。 至縣治西南,左納界背水,西北與清溪水合,入綏寧。 西南有長平水,又曰藍山水,亦入綏寧,為臨川水。 又有長灘水,出縣南,南至廣西龍勝廳,曰貝子溪,其下流是為潯江。 同官水亦南入龍勝,為太平溪,流合貝子溪。 有橫嶺峒巡司,本寨頭司,乾隆元年置,後遷橫嶺更名。 江頭汛巡司治莫宜峒,乾隆六十年置長安營,同知駐。 轄瑤峒五:曰蓬峒、牛欄、莫宜、扶城、橫嶺。 為寨四十有八。 武岡州繁,疲,難。 府西南二百八十里。 西北有武岡山,州以是名。 又西北,天尊山,山與綏寧接界。 南:雲山。 東南:寶方,又名資勝山。 資水在南,自城步入,東合威溪。 又東過州治南,左合渠水,右納石門水,又東北流,蓼溪水自西來會。 蓼溪一曰高沙市水,出綏寧。 又北合洞口水,水上源曰平溪,出黔陽。 東南流,右納岳溪水,東合西洋江,至平溪口入資水。 資水又北,屈而東,逕紫陽山,曰紫陽河,龍江水北流入焉。 又東南與夫夷水會,入邵陽。 西北:𦰡溪自綏寧入,至黔陽入沅水。 州同駐高沙市。 峽口、石門司二巡司。 紫陽、蓼溪二廢司。 新寧繁,難。 府西南三百里。 西:花溪。 南:金城。 西南:峎山。 東南:大雲。 東北:高桂。 又有紫雲山,山與武岡、東安接界。 夫夷水在南,一名羅江水,其上源曰西延水,自廣西全州入,東北流,左納深沖水,又北至縣治西南,新寨水自西來注之。 屈東過筆架山,合水頭水,又東北納涷江水,合小溪水,入武岡,為資水別源。 東有靖位鎮巡司,康熙二十三年廢。
Baojing Prefecture was rated difficult. It was subordinate to the Changbao circuit. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission; in Kangxi 3 (1664) it came under Hunan. It lay 500 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 660 li across and 630 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 27°4′. It lay 5°6′ west of the capital meridian. It governed one prefecture and four counties. Shaoyang was rated busy and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. To the south: Siwang. To the east: Dayun. To the northeast stood Longshan. To the northwest: Shouwang. The Zi entered from Wugang, took the Chenxi on the east, and passed northeast of the prefectural seat. The Shao rose on Longshan, joined the Tong and Tan southward, bent northwest into the Zi, and northward met the Yuxi. Northwest it met the Gaoping and entered Xinhua. The Lian also rose on Longshan and entered Xiangxiang northeastward. The Zheng rose on Mount Xiejiang, joined the Dayun, and at Hengyang entered the Xiang. The Xiyang rose in northwest Longhui Township, flowed south to Wugang, and joined the Dongkou River. It had a Longhui patrol office. Its Heitianpu patrol office was established in Qianlong 25 (1760) and later abolished. The subprefect was stationed at Taohuaping. Xinhua was rated busy and difficult. It lay 180 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Mount Daxiong. Northeast stood Mount Huangbaijie, all bordering Anhua. To the south: Meishan and Changlong. To the southwest: Wenxian. To the northwest: Qingxu, also called Mount Daxishan. The Zi lay east, entering from Shaoyang, passing northwest of the county seat where the Yunxi and Yangxi joined from the southwest. Farther north it met the Youxi and entered Anhua. West the Qujiang rose on Mount Lengxi and north through Anhua entered the Zi. East the Lantian River, whose upper stream was the Moxi from Shaoyang, also entered Anhua. The Gaoping rose on Shouwang southwest, flowed southeast through Shaoyang into the Zi. To the northwest stood a Suxi market-town patrol office, abolished in Qianlong 40 (1775). Chengbu was rated difficult. It lay 420 li southwest of the prefectural seat. In Qianlong 3 (1738) it was reassigned to Jing Prefecture; in Qianlong 7 (1742) it reverted. To the east: Mount Luohan. To the southeast: Mount Jinzi, bordering Quanzhou in Guangxi. To the southwest: Jintong; also Mount Lanshan. To the northwest: Mount Fengmen. To the northeast: Mount Qingjiao, also called Mount Gulu, source of the Zi, also known as the Duliang and Ji rivers. It flowed north, bent east taking the Kuanxi on the left, and entered Wugang. The Wu rose on Mount Wushan northeast, bent south and west as the Yudu River, and all streams southeast of the county drained into it. At southwest of the seat it took the Jiebei on the left, joined the Qingxi northwestward, and entered Suining. Southwest the Changping River, also called the Lanshan, entered Suining as the Linchuan. The Changtan rose south of the county, flowed south to Longsheng in Guangxi as the Beizi Stream, and downstream became the Xun River. The Tongguan also entered Longsheng southward as the Taiping Stream and joined the Beizi. A Henglingdong patrol office, originally at Zhaaitou, was established in Qianlong 1 (1736), later moved to Hengling and renamed. The Jiangtouxun patrol office administered Moyidong; in Qianlong 60 (1795) Chang'an Garrison was established with the subprefect stationed there. It governed five Yao dong: Pengdong, Niulan, Moyi, Fucheng, and Hengling. It comprised forty-eight stockades. Wugang Prefecture was rated busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It lay 280 li southwest of the prefectural seat. Northwest stood Mount Wugang, for which the prefecture was named. Farther northwest Mount Tianzun bordered Suining. To the south: Mount Yun. To the southeast: Baofang, also called Mount Zisheng. The Zi lay south, entering from Chengbu and joining the Weixi eastward. It passed south of the seat eastward, took the Qu on the left and the Shimen on the right, flowed northeast, and the Liaoxi joined from the west. The Liaoxi, also called the Gaoshashi River, rose in Suining. Farther north it met the Dongkou River, whose upper stream, the Pingxi, rose in Qianyang. Flowing southeast it took the Yuexi on the right, joined the Xiyang eastward, and at Pingxikou entered the Zi. The Zi turned north, bent east past Ziyang Mountain as the Ziyang River, and the Longjiang joined from the north. Farther southeast it met the Fuyi and entered Shaoyang. To the northwest the Nai Creek entered from Suining and at Qianyang joined the Yuan. The prefectural subprefect was stationed at Gaoshashi. Patrol offices at Xiakou and Shimensi. The abolished Ziyang and Liaoxi offices. Xinning was rated busy and difficult. It lay 300 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west: Huaxi. To the south: Jincheng. To the southwest: Mount Gan. To the southeast: Dayun. To the northeast: Gaogui. Also Mount Ziyun bordered Wugang and Dong'an. The Fuyi lay south, also called the Luojiang; its upper stream, the Xiyan, entered from Quanzhou in Guangxi, flowed northeast taking the Shenchong on the left, and at southwest of the seat the Xinzhai joined from the west. It bent east past Bijia Mountain, joined the Shuitou, northeastward took the Dongjiang and Xiaoxi, entered Wugang, and formed a separate headstream of the Zi. To the east stood a Jingwei market-town patrol office, abolished in Kangxi 23 (1684).
6
岳州府:沖,繁,疲,難。 隸岳常澧道。 舊隸湖廣布政使司。 康熙三年來屬。 初沿明制,領州一,縣七。 雍正七年,澧升直隸州,石門、安鄉、慈利割隸。 西南距省治三百里。 廣三百八十里,袤三百四十里。 北極高二十九度二十四分。 京師偏西三度三十四分。 領縣四。 同知一。 道光元年移治君山,後廢。 有岳州商埠,光緒二十四年奏開。 巴陵沖,繁,疲,難。 倚。 城內巴丘山。 東:大雲、銅鼓,皆與臨湘縣接界。 東南:靈屋、五龍。 大江在西北,洞庭湖在西南。 君山、扁山、石城山皆在湖中。 湖周八百餘里,南連青草,西接赤沙,謂之三湖,湘、沅、資、澧諸水咸匯焉。 東北至三江口,合大江,古謂之五渚。 大江又東北入臨湘。 有城陵磯,天險也。 南有新牆河,即微水,自臨湘入,西南流,左納沙港,迤西至灌口,入洞庭湖。 水出東南清水嶺,西南至湘陰合汨水。 㴩湖在東南,一名翁湖,又東為角子湖。 楊林街,縣丞。 鹿角鎮,主簿。 東:岳陽驛。 舊有青岡驛,順治十六年置,有丞,乾隆十六年裁。 臨湘沖,繁。 府東北九十里。 東:黃皋。 西南,微落。 東南:大雲。 又龍窖山,跨湖北通城、蒲圻諸縣,微水所出,迤西逕土城,左納馬港,西南入巴陵。 大江在縣西,自巴陵入,東北過彭城山,松陽湖水自東南來注之。 又東北與白泥湖水合,過鴨欄磯,入湖北嘉魚。 黃蓋湖在東北,縣東諸水皆匯焉,北注清江口,入大江。 東南有桃林、長安巡司,城陵磯,乾隆二十六年徙長安鎮,更名,尋復故。 雲溪、長安二驛。 鴨欄磯、長安二鎮。 華容疲,難。 府西北一百八十里。 北:黃湖。 東:石門、墨山。 東北:東山。 東南:鼓樓山。 大江右瀆自湖北監利入,東屈而南,入巴陵。 北華容河,西涌水,皆首受大江水,自湖北石首入,東南流入洞庭湖。 澧水在縣南,自安鄉入,合赤沙湖,亦注洞庭。 東北大荊湖及團湖,合流入大江。 黃家穴司巡司。 黃家、鼓樓二鎮。 平江疲,難。 府東南二百四十里。 北:永寧。 西:湖源。 東:道岩。 東南:連雲。 東北:幕阜山,一名天岳山,下有天岳關。 又有汨水,自江西義寧入,西南流,右納紅橋水,左納白鉛諸水,又西南至白湖口,屈而北,鍾洞水南流西屈注之。 又西合盧水,又西北與暹江水合,屈西南過縣治南,左納晉坑水。 又西北至將軍山,昌山自東北來會,迤西入於湘陰。 東有長壽巡司。
Yuezhou Prefecture was rated pivotal, busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Yuechangli circuit. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission. In Kangxi 3 (1664) it came under Hunan. At first under the Ming system it governed one prefecture and seven counties. In Yongzheng 7 (1729), Li was promoted to a directly administered prefecture and Shimen, Anxiang, and Cili were detached to it. It lay 300 li southwest of the provincial seat. It measured 380 li across and 340 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 29°24′. It lay 3°34′ west of the capital meridian. It governed four counties. It had one subprefect. In Daoguang 1 (1821) the seat was moved to Junshan, later abolished. A Yuezhou commercial port was opened by memorial in Guangxu 24 (1898). Baling was rated pivotal, busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Within the city stood Mount Baqiu. To the east: Dayun and Tonggu, all bordering Linxiang County. To the southeast: Lingwu and Wulong. The Yangzi lay northwest and Dongting Lake southwest. Junshan, Bianshan, and Shicheng Mountain all stood in the lake. The lake measured over 800 li around, linked south to Qingcao and west to Chisha as the Three Lakes, where the Xiang, Yuan, Zi, and Li all converged. Northeast at Sanjiang Mouth it joined the Yangzi—the ancient Five Islets. The Yangzi continued northeast into Linxiang. Chenglingji formed a natural fortress. South the Xinqiang River, also the Wei, entered from Linxiang, flowed southwest taking Shagang Harbor on the left, and wound west to Guankou into Dongting Lake. It rose on Qingshui Ridge southeast and southwest through Xiangyin joined the Mi. Huanghu Lake lay southeast, also called Weng Lake; farther east was Jiaozi Lake. Yanglin Street, where the assistant magistrate was stationed. Lujiao market town, where the registrar was stationed. To the east: the Yueyang courier station. The former Qinggang station, established in Shunzhi 16 (1659) with an assistant, was abolished in Qianlong 16 (1751). Linxiang was rated pivotal and busy. It lay 90 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: Huanggao. To the southwest: Weiluo. To the southeast: Dayun. Mount Longjiao crossed Tongcheng, Puqi, and other Hubei counties; the Wei rose there, wound west past Tucheng taking Magang Harbor on the left, and entered Baling southwestward. The Yangzi lay west of the county, entering from Baling, passing Pengcheng Mountain northeastward as Songyang Lake water joined from the southeast. Farther northeast it met Baimi Lake water, passed Yalanji, and entered Jiayu in Hubei. Huanggai Lake lay northeast; eastern county waters gathered there and north at Qingjiang Mouth entered the Yangzi. Southeast stood the Taolin and Chang'an patrol offices; at Chenglingji in Qianlong 26 (1761) Chang'an was moved to market and renamed, then restored. Courier stations at Yunxi and Chang'an. Market towns at Yalanji and Chang'an. Huarong was rated fiscally strained and difficult. It lay 180 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Huanghu. To the east: Shimen and Moshan. To the northeast: Dongshan. To the southeast: Mount Gulou. A right distributary of the Yangzi entered from Jianli in Hubei, bent east and south into Baling. North the Huarong and Xiyong rivers both first received Yangzi water from Shishou in Hubei and flowed southeast into Dongting Lake. The Li lay south, entering from Anxiang, joining Chisha Lake, and also entered Dongting. Northeast Dajing and Tuan lakes joined and entered the Yangzi. A Huangjiaxue patrol office. Market towns at Huangjia and Gulou. Pingjiang was rated fiscally strained and difficult. It lay 240 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the north: Yongning. To the west: Huyuan. To the east: Daoyan. To the southeast: Lianyun. To the northeast: Mount Mufu, also called Mount Tianyue, with Tianyue Pass below. The Mi entered from Yining in Jiangxi, flowed southwest taking Hongqiao on the right and baiqian streams on the left, at Baihu Mouth bent north as the Zhongdong joined flowing south and west. Farther west it met the Lu and Xian rivers, bent southwest past the county seat taking Jinkeng on the left. Still northwest at Jiangjun Mountain the Changshan joined from the northeast and wound west into Xiangyin. To the east stood a Changshou patrol office.
7
常德府:沖,繁,難。 隸岳常澧道。 舊隸湖廣布政使司,康熙三年來屬。 東南距省治四百十五里。 廣四百二十里,袤六百二十里。 北極高二十九度一分。 京師偏西五度十分。 領縣四。 商埠,光緒三十二年奏開。 武陵沖,繁,疲,難。 倚。 西有平山,即武陵山,亦名河洑。 北有陽山。 東北:藥山。 東南:善德山。 沅水自桃源入,南逕河洑洲,屈而東,至府治東南,歧為馬家吉河水。 又東南流,枉水自西南來注之。 又東過牛鼻灘,北別出為小河水,東北匯連山湖,合漸水。 沅水又東南入龍陽。 漸水在北,一名澹水,源出安福,南流屈東,右納馬家吉河水,又東北至馬家洲,歧為二,一東與小河水合,一東北合麻河水,至沙夾入沅水。 東北有衝天湖、直山湖、官塘湖,皆合漸水。 縣丞一,治牛鼻灘。 北有大龍巡司,乾隆四十一年置,後廢。 有麻河驛。 桃源沖,繁,難。 府西南八十里。 北:纛旗。 南:綠蘿。 西南:桃源。 沅水在南,自沅陵入,東過高都鎮,左納大洑溪,又東北與小洑溪合。 屈而東,夷望溪東流北屈注之。 又東合水溪,過縣治東南,屈而北,延溪水自西來入。 又東北與白洋河合。 河出慈利,曰龍潭河,東南入縣境,合蘭溪、湯溪,又南流為漆家河,入沅水,又東南入武陵。 新店、鄭家店二巡司。 又高都、鄭家店二廢巡司。 新店、鄭家店、桃源三驛。 蘇溪、麻溪、高都三鎮。 龍陽沖。 府東南八十里。 南:橫山,一名龍陽山,縣以此名。 北:寶台。 東南:軍山。 東北:洞庭湖。 沅水自武陵入,東過小河口,屈而南,滄浪水自西南來注之。 東過縣治東北,南別出為支港,東通後江湖,至沅江縣合資水。 其正渠又東北至鼎港口,小河水分流來注之。 又東北流為西河,漸水合小河水自西來會,入於洞庭。 其入湖處謂之西河口也。 東南有龍潭橋巡司。 龍陽驛。 小江、鼎口二鎮。 沅江簡。 府東南二百七十一里。 西南:煙波山,西北:赤山,東北:明山,並濱洞庭湖。 湖水西自龍陽受資水。 資水自益陽入,迤東至毛角子口,南別出為喬江水,至湘陰會湘水。 其正渠北屈而西,又西北過縣治東,白泥湖水首受益水,自西南來注之。 又北至小河口,歧為二,一東北流,至益陽江口入洞庭,一西北與沅水合,匯於洞庭湖。
Changde Prefecture was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Yuechangli circuit. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission; in Kangxi 3 (1664) it came under Hunan. It lay 415 li southeast of the provincial seat. It measured 420 li across and 620 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 29°1′. It lay 5°10′ west of the capital meridian. It governed four counties. A commercial port was opened by memorial in Guangxu 32 (1906). Wuling was rated pivotal, busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. West stood Mount Ping, also Mount Wuling, also called Hefu. To the north stood Mount Yang. To the northeast: Mount Yao. To the southeast: Mount Shande. The Yuan entered from Taoyuan, passed south by Hefu Isle, bent east to southeast of the seat, and branched as the Majiaji River. Farther southeast the Wang River joined from the southwest. Farther east it passed Niubi Beach, branched north as the Xiaoxi, gathered Lianshan Lake northeastward, and joined the Jian. The Yuan continued southeast into Longyang. The Jian lay north, also called the Dan, rose in Anfu, flowed south and east taking the Majiaji on the right; at Majia Isle it split—one branch east to the Xiaoxi, one northeast to the Mahe—both entering the Yuan at Shajia. Northeast Chongtian, Zhishan, and Guantang lakes all fed the Jian. One assistant magistrate was stationed at Niubi Beach. North stood a Dalong patrol office, established in Qianlong 41 (1776) and later abolished. It had a Mahe courier station. Taoyuan was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It lay 80 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Daoji. To the south: Luluo. To the southwest: Taoyuan. The Yuan lay south, entering from Yuanling, passed Gaodu market eastward taking Dafu Creek on the left and joining Xiaofu Creek northeastward. It bent east as Yiwang Creek flowed east and bent north to join it. Farther east it met the Shuixi, passed southeast of the seat, bent north, and the Yanxi joined from the west. Farther northeast it met the Baiyang River. Rising in Cili as the Longtan, it entered southeast, joined the Lan and Tang creeks, flowed south as the Qijia into the Yuan, and southeast into Wuling. Patrol offices at Xindian and Zhengjiadian. The abolished Gaodu and Zhengjiadian patrol offices. Courier stations at Xindian, Zhengjiadian, and Taoyuan. Market towns at Suxi, Maxi, and Gaodu. Longyang was rated pivotal. It lay 80 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Mount Heng, also called Mount Longyang, for which the county was named. To the north: Baotai. To the southeast: Mount Jun. To the northeast: Dongting Lake. The Yuan entered from Wuling, passed Xiaohukou eastward, bent south, and the Canglang joined from the southwest. It passed northeast of the seat eastward, branched south as a side channel through Houjiang Lake to Yuanjiang County to meet the Zi. The main channel continued northeast to Dinggang Mouth, where the Xiaoxi branched in to join it. Farther northeast it became the Xi River; the Jian and Xiaoxi met it from the west and entered Dongting. Its entry into the lake was called Xihekou. To the southeast stood a Longtanqiao patrol office. It had a Longyang courier station. Market towns at Xiaojiang and Dingkou. Yuanjiang was rated for simple administration. It lay 271 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Southwest Mount Yanbo, northwest Mount Chi, and northeast Mount Ming all bordered Dongting Lake. Lake water westward from Longyang received the Zi. The Zi entered from Yiyang, wound east to Maojiaozikou, branched south as the Qiao into the Xiang at Xiangyin. The main channel bent north and west past the seat eastward; Baimi Lake water, first fed by the Zi, joined from the southwest. Farther north at Xiaohukou it split—one branch northeast to Yiyang River mouth into Dongting, one northwest joining the Yuan in Dongting Lake.
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澧州直隸州:沖,繁,難。 岳常澧道駐。 舊為岳屬州,雍正七年升,割石門、安鄉、慈利來隸,並置安福。 十三年增永定。 東南距省治六百有五里。 廣四百三十五里,袤二百有五里。 北極高二十九度三十七分。 京師偏西四度四十四分。 領縣五。 西北:天供、大清。 東南:關山、彭山、銅山、大浮。 澧水在南,自安福入,東北流,東別出為內河,屈東南至道口,道水自西南來注之。 又東至六冢口合澹水。 水出石門東,過州治北,屈而南,又東至伍公嘴,涔水自西北來會。 又南合澧水,至匯口入於安鄉。 東有虎渡水,一名後小江,首受大江水,自湖北公安入,南流為一箭河水,其左岸則安鄉縣界也。 又南至匯口入澧水。 州判駐津市鎮。 清化、順林二巡司。 蘭松水、馬二驛。 匯口、三汊河、津市、嘉山四鎮。 順林司。 後廢。 石門難。 州西南九十里。 雍正七年自岳州來屬。 西:石門。 北:燕子。 西北:層步,一名層山。 又西北有盧黃山。 澧水在南,又曰零陽河,自慈利入,北屈而東,與渫水合。 水出西北龍門洞,東南流,右納黃水,左納溫水,又東南至渫口入澧水。 澧水又東過縣治南,雙溪水自北來注之。 又東北合朝陽溪水,入安福。 又道水自慈利入,亦東北流入安福。 西北有水南渡巡司。 安鄉簡。 州東南一百二十里。 雍正七年自岳州來屬。 北:黃山。 東:石家。 西:石龜。 西北:古田。 澧水在西,自州入,南至匯口,西別出為羌口河。 又西南流為麻河,至武陵入漸水。 其正渠東南匯於大鯨湖。 又東過縣治南,長河水首受大江,北自公安來注之。 又東南入南洲。 又東,後江水,亦受大江,自湖北石首入,南流為景港水,至南洲入澧水。 大溶湖北受澧水,注於沅。 康熙十八年置焦圻、南平二驛,後廢。 有羌口鎮。 慈利簡。 州西南一百六十里。 雍正七年自岳州來屬。 北:道人。 東北:星子。 西南:零陽。 又有雲朝山。 澧水在西,自永定入,東至褚溪口,右合九渡水,又東北與九谿河水合。 水出湖北鶴峰州,即古漊水也。 又東過縣治北,右納零溪水。 入石門。 又道水亦東北入石門。 又龍潭河出西南,南至桃源入沅水。 澧水在境為洲渚者八,為潭者二,為灘瀨者百三十二。 有麻寮所、九谿衛城巡司。 安福難。 州西南六十里。 雍正七年以慈利縣九谿衛地置,析澧州地益之,治裴家河,來屬。 北:大銅。 東:營駐。 西南:大浮山,山跨石門、桃源、武陵諸縣。 澧水在北。 自石門入,迤東流,左納合溪,右納惡蛇溪,又東入澧州。 又道水在縣南,亦自石門入,東北至澧州入澧水。 有添平所、新安市巡司,乾隆三十二年廢。 永定疲,難。 州西南三百四十里。 雍正十三年以慈利永定衛置,析安福縣地益之,治舊衛城,來屬。 南:天門。 西南:崇山。 西北:馬耳。 東北:香爐。 澧水在南,自桑植入,南屈而東,武溪水自南來注之,又東與大庸溪合。 又東流,左納無事溪,右納仙人溪,又過縣治東南,西溪水北流入焉,又東合社溪入慈利。 又九渡水出縣南,東北至慈利入澧水。 大庸所城在縣西。
Li Directly Administered Prefecture was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was the seat of the Yuechangli circuit. Formerly a Yuezhou dependency; in Yongzheng 7 (1729) it was promoted, with Shimen, Anxiang, and Cili detached to it and Anfu established. In the thirteenth year Yongding was added. It lay 605 li southeast of the provincial seat. It measured 435 li across and 205 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 29°37′. It lay 4°44′ west of the capital meridian. It governed five counties. To the northwest: Tiangong and Daqing. To the southeast: Guanshan, Pengshan, Tongshan, and Dafu. The Li lay south, entering from Anfu, flowing northeast, branching east as the inner river bent southeast to Daokou where the Dao joined from the southwest. Farther east at Liuzhong Mouth it joined the Dan River. That water rose east of Shimen, passed north of the seat, bent south and east to Wugong Mouth where the Cen joined from the northwest. Farther south it joined the Li and at Huikou entered Anxiang. East the Hudu River, also the Houxiaojiang, first received Yangzi water from Gong'an in Hubei, flowed south as the Yijian River along the Anxiang boundary on its left bank. Farther south at Huikou it entered the Li. The prefectural judge was stationed at Jinshi market town. Patrol offices at Qinghua and Shunlin. Courier stations at Lansongshui and Ma. Market towns at Huikou, Sanxiaohe, Jinshi, and Jiashan. The Shunlin office. It was later abolished. Shimen was rated difficult. It lay 90 li southwest of the prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it came from Yuezhou. To the west: Shimen. To the north: Yanzi. To the northwest: Cengbu, also called Mount Ceng. Farther northwest stood Mount Luhuang. The Li lay south, also the Lingyang River, entering from Cili, bending north and east to join the Xie. It rose at Longmendong northwest, flowed southeast taking Huang on the right and Wen on the left, and at Xiekou entered the Li. The Li again passed south of the seat as the Shuangxi joined from the north. Farther northeast it met the Chaoyang Creek and entered Anfu. The Dao also entered from Cili and flowed northeast into Anfu. To the northwest stood a Shuinandu patrol office. Anxiang was rated for simple administration. It lay 120 li southeast of the prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it came from Yuezhou. To the north: Mount Huang. To the east: Shijia. To the west: Shigui. To the northwest: Gutian. The Li lay west, entering from the prefecture, south to Huikou, branching west as the Qiangkou River. Farther southwest it became the Ma River and at Wuling entered the Jian. Its main channel gathered southeast in Dajing Lake. Farther east past the seat southward, the Chang River first received the Yangzi and joined from Gong'an northward. Farther southeast it entered Nanzhou. Farther east the Houjiang also received the Yangzi from Shishou in Hubei, flowed south as the Jinggang to Nanzhou into the Li. Darong Lake north received the Li and entered the Yuan. In Kangxi 18 (1679) Jiaoqi and Nanping stations were established, later abolished. It had Qiangkou market town. Cili was rated for simple administration. It lay 160 li southwest of the prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it came from Yuezhou. To the north: Daoren. To the northeast: Xingzi. To the southwest: Lingyang. Also Mount Yunchao. The Li lay west, entering from Yongding, east to Chuxikou taking Jiudu on the right and joining the Jiuxi northeastward. It rose in Hefeng Prefecture, Hubei—the ancient Lai River. Farther east past the seat northward it took the Lingxi on the right. It entered Shimen. The Dao also entered Shimen northeastward. The Longtan also rose southwest and south through Taoyuan entered the Yuan. Within its bounds the Li formed eight islets, two pools, and 132 rapids and shoals. It had the Maliao garrison and Jiuxiwei city patrol office. Anfu was rated difficult. It lay 60 li southwest of the prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it was established on Jiuxiwei land in Cili, with territory from Li Prefecture; the seat was at Peijia River under the prefecture. To the north: Datong. To the east: Yingzhu. Southwest Mount Dafu crossed Shimen, Taoyuan, Wuling, and other counties. The Li lay north. Entering from Shimen it wound east, took Hexi on the left and Eshe on the right, and entered Li Prefecture eastward. The Dao also lay south, entering from Shimen northeast to Li Prefecture into the Li. The Tianping garrison and Xin'an market patrol office were abolished in Qianlong 32 (1767). Yongding was rated fiscally strained and difficult. It lay 340 li southwest of the prefecture. In Yongzheng 13 (1735) it was established from Yongdingwei in Cili, with territory from Anfu added; the seat was at the old wei city under the prefecture. To the south: Tianmen. To the southwest: Mount Chong. To the northwest: Ma'er. To the northeast: Xianglu. The Li lay south, entering from Sangzhi, bending south and east as the Wuxi joined from the south and the Dayong eastward. Flowing east it took Wushi on the left and Xianren on the right, passed southeast of the seat as the Xixi joined northward and the She eastward into Cili. The Jiudu also rose south of the county and northeast through Cili entered the Li. The Dayong garrison city lay west of the county.
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南州直隸廳:繁,疲,難。 隸岳常澧道。 本華容縣地,咸豐四年,湖北石首縣藕池口決,江水溢入洞庭,淤為洲。 光緒十七年置廳,治九都市,並析華容、巴陵、安鄉、武陵、龍陽、沅江諸縣地益之。 東南距省治五百四十里。 廣一百一十里,袤九十里。 北極高二十九度二十一分。 京師偏西四度一十三分。 北:太陽山。 東:明山。 西南:清介。 東南:洞庭湖。 寄山、團山皆在湖中。 西有澧水自安鄉入,東南逕白板口,歧為二,一西南至天心湖合沅水,一東與後江水合,又西南至冷飯洲,匯於洞庭。 又有游橋水,首受後江,南至麻濠口入洞庭。 又涌水自華容入,東南流,至廳治東北,南別出為神童港,與游橋水會。 迤東過明山,其北岸則華容縣界也,又東至鋸子口入洞庭湖。
Nazhou Directly Administered Department was rated busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Yuechangli circuit. Originally Huarong County land; in Xianfeng 4 (1854) the Ouchi breach in Shishou, Hubei, overflowed into Dongting and silted into isles. In Guangxu 17 (1891) the department was established at Jiudu market, with territory from Huarong, Baling, Anxiang, Wuling, Longyang, and Yuanjiang. It lay 540 li southeast of the provincial seat. It measured 110 li across and 90 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 29°21′. It lay 4°13′ west of the capital meridian. To the north: Mount Taiyang. To the east: Mount Ming. To the southwest: Qingjie. To the southeast: Dongting Lake. Jishan and Tuanshan both stood in the lake. West the Li entered from Anxiang, passed Baibankou southeast, split—one branch southwest to Tianxin Lake into the Yuan, one east to the Houjiang, southwest to Lengfan Isle into Dongting. The Youqiao also first received the Houjiang and south at Mahao Mouth entered Dongting. The Yong entered from Huarong, flowed southeast to northeast of the seat, branched south as Shentong Harbor to meet the Youqiao. It wound east past Mount Ming along the Huarong boundary northward, then east to Juzikou into Dongting Lake.
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衡州府:沖,繁,難。 隸衡永郴桂道。 舊隸湖廣布政使司。 康熙三年來屬。 乾隆中增置清泉。 東北距省治三百八十里。 廣四百六十里,袤二百九十五里。 北極高二十六度五十六分。 京師偏西四度五分。 領縣七。 衡陽沖,繁,疲,難。 倚。 城內金鼇山。 北:岣嶁山。 西北:九峰、黃龍。 西南:大雲山。 東南:湘水左瀆自清泉入,北過府治東,北受烝水。 水出邵陽東,合等江水,至陡江口,岳山水南流入焉。 右納演陂,南流,武水自西南來會,納清化河,其右岸則清泉縣界也。 東北逕石鼓山入湘水。 又北,東入于衡山。 有寒溪鎮。 縣丞治查江市。 有衡陽驛。 清泉疲,難。 倚。 乾隆二十一年析衡陽縣東南鄉置,來屬。 東:清泉山,縣以此名。 南:回雁峰,衡岳之首峰也。 南:雨母。 西南:七寶、探山。 湘水自祁陽入,迤東流,右界常寧縣,栗江水自西北來注之。 又東過茭河口,西北過府治東。 合耒水。 北屈而東入衡山。 西南:柿江水、清化水,皆東北至衡陽入烝水。 東南有新城市巡司。 廖田驛。 衡山沖,繁,難。 府東北一百里。 西北:衡山,是為南嶽。 東:靈山。 東北:鳳凰。 東南:楊山,又名武陽山。 湘水自衡陽入,東北合龍隱港水,至茶陵江口,洣水合永樂江自東南來注之。 北過縣治東,為觀湘洲。 右納石灣港,左納樊田港,又北,東入湘潭。 又涓水源出湘鄉,東合興樂江,東北至湘潭入湘水。 有草市、永壽二巡司。 雷家鎮有驛。 耒陽沖,繁,難。 府東南一百五十里。 西:石臼。 東:侯計山,跨安仁、永興二縣。 東南:天門。 東北:明月。 耒水自永興入,東北流,右納肥江,西北至城南,屈東北,潯江水自東來注之,西北入清泉。 其東馬水從之,亦至清泉入耒水。 羅渡鎮有廢巡司。 有驛。 常寧難。 府西南一百二十里。 北:憩山。 西南:塔山、液麻山。 東南有逍遙。 東北:盟山。 西北:湘水右瀆自祁陽入,合吳水。 又東北,左與清泉分岸。 又東與宜水合。 水出縣南西江山,北逕縣治西,左有藍江,右有潭水,皆流合焉,又東北至江口市入湘水。 湘水又東北流,右納鹽湖,至茭河口,舂水北流西屈來會。 水自桂陽州入,一名茭源河,其東岸則耒陽縣界也。 湘水又北入清泉。 有杉樹堡。 西南壤接瑤峒。 安仁簡。 府東南一百五十里。 南:大湖山。 西:金紫。 北:軍山。 東北:排山。 東南:大松山。 西北:永樂江自永興入,北與浦陽港合。 又北流,左納油陂港,右納蓮花港,北至安平市,大坪港西流合焉。 又過城西北,宜陽港水自南來注之,西北至衡山入洣水。 有潭湖鎮、安平鎮廢巡司。 酃簡。 府東南三百里。 北:青台。 南:泰和。 東南:萬陽。 西南:屏水山。 山與桂東接界,洣水出焉。 迤北至雙江口,漠渡水北流西屈注之。 又西合春江,即雲秋水,東北合洣水入茶陵,是為茶陵江。 其東沔渡水,北為洮水,下流合於洣水。
Hengzhou Prefecture was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Hengyongchengui circuit. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission. In Kangxi 3 (1664) it came under Hunan. During the Qianlong period Qingquan was added. It lay 380 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 460 li across and 295 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 26°56′. It lay 4°5′ west of the capital meridian. It governed seven counties. Hengyang was rated pivotal, busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Within the city stood Mount Jin'ao. To the north: Mount Goulu. To the northwest: Jiufeng and Huanglong. To the southwest: Mount Dayun. Southeast a left distributary of the Xiang entered from Qingquan, passed north of the seat eastward, and received the Zheng northward. It rose east of Shaoyang, joined the Dengjiang, and at Doujiang Mouth the Yueshan joined from the south. It took Yanbei on the right, flowed south as the Wu joined from the southwest and received the Qinghua; its right bank was Qingquan County. Northeast it passed Mount Shigu into the Xiang. Farther north it entered Hengshan to the east. It had Hanxi market town. The assistant magistrate was stationed at Zhajiang market. It had a Hengyang courier station. Qingquan was rated fiscally strained and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. In Qianlong 21 (1756) the southeastern township of Hengyang County was split off to establish it under the prefecture. To the east: Mount Qingquan, for which the county was named. To the south: Huiyan Peak, the foremost peak of Mount Heng. To the south: Yumü. To the southwest: Qibao and Tanshan. The Xiang entered from Qiyang, wound east with Changning on the right bank as the Lijiang joined from the northwest. Farther east it passed Jiaohe Mouth and northwest past east of the prefectural seat. It joined the Lei River. It bent north and east into Hengshan. Southwest the Shijiang and Qinghua rivers both flowed northeast through Hengyang into the Zheng. To the southeast stood a Xincheng market patrol office. The Liaotian courier station. Hengshan was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It lay 100 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the northwest: Mount Heng—the Southern Marchmount. To the east: Mount Ling. To the northeast: Fenghuang. To the southeast: Mount Yang, also called Mount Wuyang. The Xiang entered from Hengyang, northeast took Longyin Harbor water, and at Chaling River mouth the Mi joined with the Yongle from the southeast. North it passed east of the seat as Guanxiang Isle. It took Shiwang Harbor on the right and Fantian on the left, then entered Xiangtan eastward. The Juan also rose in Xiangxiang, joined the Xingle eastward, and northeast through Xiangtan entered the Xiang. Patrol offices at Caoshi and Yongshou. Leijia market town had a courier station. Leiyang was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It lay 150 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west: Shijiu. To the east: Mount Houji, crossing Anren and Yongxing counties. To the southeast: Tianmen. To the northeast: Mingyue. The Lei entered from Yongxing, flowed northeast taking Feijiang on the right, northwest to south of the city bent northeast as the Xun joined from the east and entered Qingquan northwestward. East of it the Ma River followed, also reaching Qingquan into the Lei. Luodu market town had an abolished patrol office. It had a courier station. Changning was rated difficult. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Mount Qi. To the southwest: Mount Tashan and Mount Yema. To the southeast stood Xiaoyao. To the northeast: Mount Meng. To the northwest a right distributary of the Xiang entered from Qiyang and joined the Wu River. Farther northeast it shared the left bank with Qingquan. Farther east it met the Yi River. It rose on Mount Xijiang south of the county, passed west of the seat northward with the Lan on the left and the Tan on the right, and northeast at Jiangkou market entered the Xiang. The Xiang flowed northeast taking Yanyan Lake on the right as the Chun bent north and west from Guiyang Prefecture to join it. It entered from Guiyang Prefecture, also called the Jiaoyuan River, along the Leiyang boundary on its east bank. The Xiang again flowed north into Qingquan. It had a Shanshu fort. To the southwest its territory bordered Yao cave settlements. Anren was rated for simple administration. It lay 150 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Mount Dahu. To the west: Jinzi. To the north: Mount Jun. To the northeast: Mount Pai. To the southeast: Mount Dasong. To the northwest the Yongle entered from Yongxing and north joined Puyang Harbor. Farther north it took Youbei Harbor on the left and Lianhua on the right, and at Anping market Daping Harbor joined from the west. It passed northwest of the seat as Yiyang Harbor joined from the south, then northwest through Hengshan into the Mi. Tanhu and Anping market towns had abolished patrol offices. Ling was rated for simple administration. It lay 300 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the north: Qingtai. To the south: Taihe. To the southeast: Wanyang. To the southwest: Mount Pingshui. The mountain bordered Guidong, and the Mi rose there. It wound north to Shuangjiang Mouth as the Modu bent north and west to join it. Farther west it met the Chun—the Yunqiu—and northeast with the Mi entered Chaling as the Chaling River. East of it the Miandu formed the Tao northward, whose lower course joined the Mi.
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永州府:沖,繁。 隸辰沅永靖道。 總兵駐。 舊屬湖廣布政使司。 康熙三年來屬。 北距省治六百七十里。 廣三百四十里。 袤五百九十里。 北極高二十六度九分。 京師偏西四度五十三分。 領州一,縣七。 江藍同知一,嘉慶十九年移治江華縣濤墟市,後又遷於錦田所城。 通判一,道光十二年移治新田縣楊家鋪。 零陵沖,繁,難。 倚。 城內萬石山。 西:西山。 北:萬石。 東北:巋山。 東南:陽明山。 西南:石城山、永山。 湘水自東安合西南石頭江入,至府治西北,東南瀟水自道州合麻江水入,北與永水逕袁家渡至城南,合愚溪及鈷鉧潭來會,是為瀟湘。 湘水北與蘆洪江水合,又北,東入祁陽。 黃溪水出東南,馬子江出西南,併流合湘水。 縣丞駐泠水灘。 北有黃楊堡巡司,後廢。 有驛。 祁陽沖,繁。 府東北一百里。 北有祁山,縣以是名。 南:白水。 東南:樂山。 東北:七星,即大雲山。 西北:四望山。 湘水自零陵入,東納浯溪,過縣城南,合祁水。 水一名小東江,古曰𣲭口,源出西北騰雲嶺,東南流,煙江水自北來會,入湘水。 湘水迤東過白水鎮,白江水合黃溪水自西南來注之。 屈東北,與清江水合。 水出縣北鎮潭山,即古餘溪水也。 東有歸陽市巡司,乾隆二十一年移治排山驛,尋復故。 文明市有永隆廢巡司。 有驛。 有白水、樂山、文明、沙鎮、大營五鎮。 東安簡。 府西九十里。 北:東山。 西北:舜峰。 東北:高霞。 東南:伏虎。 湘水自廣西全州流入,北屈而東,清溪江合宥江水自西北來注之,東與石期江水合,又東北入零陵。 蘆洪江源出東北八十四渡山,東南流,左會龍合江,東南至零陵入湘水。 有蘆洪市巡司,石期市廢司。 淥埠、石期、荊塘三鎮道州難。 府南一百五十里。 城內元山。 北:宜山。 西北:瀟山、營道山。 西南:營山。 又都龐嶺界接永明,蓋五嶺之第三嶺也。 瀟水在東。 即古營水,又曰泥江,自寧遠縣入,西北至青口,與南源沱水合。 水自江華入,北屈而西,合掩水,東北至州治南,營道水自西南來注之,今謂之小營水。 又東北,左納宜江,會瀟水。 其會流處曰三江口。 瀟水又北納麻江水,入零陵。 有白灘營。 永安關界廣西灌陽。 瑤山在東南。 寧遠簡。 府東南一百八十里。 南:九疑山,跨道州、江華、藍山諸縣。 北:陽明山、黃溪山。 東北:舂陵,一名仰山。 瀟水在南,源出九疑三分石,西北至江口會瀑水。 水出東南舜源峰,即古泠水也,北流合漭水。 又西北過縣治,都溪水自東北來注之,入瀟水。 東北白江水,北入祁陽。 其西大竹源水,一名楊柳溪,亦東北至祁陽。 有梅岡鎮。 九疑魯觀巡司。 永明難。 府西南二百二十里。 北:永明嶺。 即都龐嶺。 東南:馬山。 西南:荊峽鎮山,其下有鎮峽關,界接廣西恭城縣。 掩水源出西北大掩峰,北過縣治西,右合古澤水,屈而東,角馬河水自東南來注之,東北至道州會沱水。 西南沐水,南合遨水,西至桃川所城,右納皋澤,左納扶靈,西南入於恭城,其下流是為平樂水也。 西南周棠寨巡司。 又有白面墟司巡檢,後遷東南枇杷所城,更名,尋廢。 桃川廢司。 白象鎮。 瑤山在縣西。 江華繁。 府南二百二十里。 東:豸山。 南:吳望。 西南:蒼梧嶺,即臨賀嶺,又名萌渚嶺,跨廣西富川、賀縣,蓋五嶺之第四嶺也。 沱水在東,上源曰中河,自藍山入,南屈而東,前河、後河皆流合焉,又西南逕錦田所城。 宜遷水出廣東連山,西北流注之,西與靈江合。 又西北合馮水,今謂之練江水也,至縣城東曰東河。 西河曰萌渚水,自西南來會,又西北入道州。 西南有錦岡巡司、錦田廢司。 瑤山在縣東。 新田簡。 府東南二百八十里。 南:七賢、藍山。 西北:舂陵山,與桂陽州寧遠縣接界。 舂水出焉,俗曰烏江水,東南逕夫人山,又南至縣城西南為西河水,東河水自東北來注之,又東屈而北,入於桂陽。 東南白面墟廢司。 東有瑤山。
Yongzhou Prefecture was rated pivotal and busy. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. A regional commander was stationed there. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission. In Kangxi 3 (1664) it came under Hunan. It lay 670 li north of the provincial seat. It measured 340 li across. It measured 590 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 26°09′. It lay 4°53′ west of the capital meridian. It governed one prefecture and seven counties. It had one Jiang-Lan subprefect; in Jiaqing 19 (1814) the seat moved to Taoxu market in Jianghua, later to the Jintian garrison city. It had one prefectural judge; in Daoguang 12 (1832) the seat moved to Yangjia market in Xintian. Lingling was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Within the city stood Mount Wanshi. To the west: Mount Xi. To the north: Wanshi. To the northeast: Mount Kui. To the southeast: Mount Yangming. To the southwest: Mount Shicheng and Mount Yong. The Xiang entered from Dong'an with the Shitou from the southwest to northwest of the seat; the Xiao from Daozhou with the Majiang from the southeast met the Yong north via Yuanjia Ford at the south wall, joined by the Yuxi and Cobalt Mound Pool as the Xiaoxiang. The Xiang north took the Luhong, then north and east into Qiyang. The Huangxi rose southeast and the Mazi southwest, merging into the Xiang. The assistant magistrate was stationed at Lingshui Beach. To the north stood a Huangyang fort patrol office, later abolished. It had a courier station. Qiyang was rated pivotal and busy. It lay 100 li northeast of the prefectural seat. Mount Qi to the north gave the county its name. To the south: Baishui. To the southeast: Mount Le. To the northeast: Qixing, that is Mount Dayun. To the northwest: Mount Siwang. The Xiang entered from Lingling, took the Wuxi on the east, passed south of the seat, and joined the Qi. Also called the Little East River, anciently Lukou, it rose on Tengyun Ridge northwest, flowed southeast as the Yanjiang joined from the north, and entered the Xiang. The Xiang wound east past Baishui market as the Baishui and Huangxi joined from the southwest. It bent northeast and met the Qingjiang. It rose on Zhentan Mountain north of the county—the ancient Yuxi. To the east stood a Guiyang market patrol office; in Qianlong 21 (1756) the seat moved to Paishan courier station, soon restored. Wenming market had an abolished Yonglong patrol office. It had a courier station. Five market towns: Baishui, Leshan, Wenming, Shazhen, and Daying. Dong'an was rated for simple administration. It lay 90 li west of the prefectural seat. To the north: Mount Dong. To the northwest: Shunfeng. To the northeast: Gaoxia. To the southeast: Fuhu. The Xiang entered from Quanzhou in Guangxi, bent north and east as the Qingxi with the Youjiang joined from the northwest, met the Shiqi eastward, and northeast entered Lingling. The Luhong rose on Mount Bashisidu northeast, flowed southeast taking the Longhe on the left, and southeast through Lingling into the Xiang. A Luhong market patrol office; Shiqi market had an abolished office. Market towns at Lubu, Shiqi, and Jingtang. Daozhou was rated difficult. It lay 150 li south of the prefectural seat. Within the city stood Mount Yuan. To the north: Mount Yi. To the northwest: Mount Xiao and Mount Yingdao. To the southwest: Mount Ying. The Dupang Ridge boundary also met Yongming—the third of the Five Ridges. The Xiao lay to the east. The ancient Ying, also called the Ni, entered from Ningyuan, northwest to Qingkou to join the southern-source Tuo. It entered from Jianghua, bent north and west, joined the Yan, and northeast to south of the seat the Yingdao joined from the southwest—now the Little Ying. Farther northeast it took the Yi on the left and met the Xiao. Their confluence was called Sanjiang Mouth. The Xiao again took the Majiang northward and entered Lingling. It had a Baitan garrison. Yong'an Pass bordered Guanyang in Guangxi. Mount Yao lay to the southeast. Ningyuan was rated for simple administration. It lay 180 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Mount Jiuyi, spanning Daozhou, Jianghua, Lanshan, and other counties. To the north: Mount Yangming and Mount Huangxi. To the northeast: Chunling, also called Mount Yang. The Xiao lay south, rising at Jiuyi's Sanfenshi, northwest to Jiangkou to meet the Pu. It rose at Shunyuan Peak southeast—the ancient Leng—flowed north and joined the Mang. Farther northwest it passed the seat as the Duxi joined from the northeast into the Xiao. To the northeast the Baishui flowed north into Qiyang. West of it the Dazhuyuan—also Yangliu Stream—likewise flowed northeast into Qiyang. It had a Meigang market town. A Jiuyi Luguan patrol office. Yongming was rated difficult. It lay 220 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Yongming Ridge. That is the Dupang Ridge. To the southeast: Mount Ma. To the southwest: Mount Jingxia Town, below which Jingxia Pass bordered Gongcheng County in Guangxi. The Yan rose on Great Yan Peak northwest, passed west of the seat taking the Guze on the right, bent east as the Jiaoma joined from the southeast, and northeast at Daozhou met the Tuo. Southwest the Mu joined the Ao southward, west to Taochuan garrison taking Gaozhe on the right and Fuling on the left, entered Gongcheng southwest, and its lower course was the Pingle. To the southwest stood a Zhoutang stockade patrol office. Also a Baimian market sub-inspector, later moved southeast to Pipasuo garrison, was renamed, and soon abolished. Taochuan had an abolished office. Baixiang market town. Mount Yao lay west of the county. Jianghua was rated busy. It lay 220 li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Mount Zhi. To the south: Wuwang. To the southwest: Cangwu Ridge—the Linhe, also Mengzhu—spanning Fuchuan and He in Guangxi, the fourth of the Five Ridges. The Tuo lay east; its upper stream, the Middle River, entered from Lanshan, bent south and east as the Front and Rear rivers joined, and southwest passed Jintian garrison. The Yiqian rose in Lianshan, Guangdong, flowed northwest to join it, and west met the Ling. Farther northwest it met the Feng—now the Lian—forming the East River east of the seat. The West River—the Mengzhu—joined from the southwest and northwest entered Daozhou. To the southwest stood a Jingang patrol office and an abolished Jintian office. Mount Yao lay east of the county. Xintian was rated for simple administration. It lay 280 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Qixian and Lanshan. To the northwest: Mount Chunling, bordering Ningyuan in Guiyang Prefecture. The Chun rose there—commonly the Wujiang—southeast past Mount Furen, south to southwest of the seat as the West River as the East joined from the northeast, then bent east and north into Guiyang. Southeast at Baimian market stood an abolished office. Mount Yao lay to the east.
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桂陽直隸州:繁,疲,難。 隸衡永郴桂道。 舊桂陽州隸衡州府。 雍正十年升為直隸府,仍所領。 東北距省治六百三十里。 廣二百二十七里,袤二百五十里。 北極高二十五度四十九分。 京師偏西四度零五分。 領縣三。 東:鹿峰。 西:大湊,一名寶山。 西北:壇山。 西南:石門。 東南:神渡。 舂水自新田入,北過象鼻嘴,漼水合鼠峽水自西北來注之,即桂水也。 屈東會鍾水,納泮溪,又北與楓江水合,至常寧入湘水。 東南:仰天湖,屯湖水出,西北流,左合麻淪江,又北與泉田水合。 屈東北,蓮蓬溪水北流來會,又東北入郴州。 南牛橋鎮、北泗州寨二廢巡司。 臨武簡。 州西南一百四十里。 北:八源,一名東山。 西:舜峰。 西南:華陰。 又有西山,古名桐柏山,溱水出焉,東北流,左納貝溪,與秀溪水合。 屈而北,武溪水合石江水自西來會。 又東,赤土溪水南流合焉,東南入宜章。 有赤土鎮。 瑤山在縣南。 藍山簡。 州西南一百五十里。 北:藍山。 西:九疑。 南:南風坳,界接廣東連州,鍾水出焉,西流屈北會巋水。 水出九疑山,曰九疑水,亦謂之舜水,東北逕縣治南,左納濛溪,屈而東,毛俊水合華荊津水自東南來注之,又北與藍溪水合,東北入嘉禾。 西南中河,入江華為沱水,下流合於瀟水。 有毛俊鎮。 大橋鎮巡司,後遷臨武營,更名。 瑤山在縣南。 嘉禾簡。 州西南一百一十里。 西:晉嶺,即藍山。 北:石門。 西北:石燕山。 鍾水在南,自藍山入,東北流,至縣城東北,含溪水自西來注之,北至桂陽州入舂水。 東南泮溪水,源出臨武,北與芹溪水合,亦至桂陽州入舂水。 有兩路口廢巡司。
Guiyang Directly Administered Prefecture was rated busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Hengyong Chengui circuit. Formerly Guiyang Prefecture was under Hengzhou Prefecture. In Yongzheng 10 it was raised to a directly administered prefecture with the same jurisdictions. It lay 630 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 227 li across and 250 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 25°49′. It lay 4°05′ west of the capital meridian. It governed three counties. To the east: Lufeng. To the west: Dacou, also Mount Baoshan. To the northwest: Mount Tan. To the southwest: Shimen. To the southeast: Shendu. The Chun entered from Xintian, north past Elephant Trunk Point as the Cui with the Shuxia joined from the northwest—the Gui River. It bent east to meet the Zhong, took Pan Stream, north joined the Feng, and at Changning entered the Xiang. To the southeast: Yangtian Lake; Tundu Lake water issued northwest, took the Malun on the left, and north joined the Quantian. It bent northeast as Lianpeng Stream joined flowing north, then northeast into Chenzhou. Abolished patrol offices at Nanniuqiao market town and Beisizhou stockade. Linwu was rated for simple administration. It lay 140 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Bayuan, also Mount Dong. To the west: Shunfeng. To the southwest: Huayin. Also Mount Xi—the ancient Mount Tongbai—where the Qin rose, flowed northeast taking the Bei on the left, and joined the Xiuxi. It bent north as the Wuxi with the Shijiang joined from the west. Farther east the Chitu joined flowing south, then southeast into Yizhang. It had a Chitu market town. Mount Yao lay south of the county. Lanshan was rated for simple administration. It lay 150 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the north: Mount Lan. To the west: Jiuyi. To the south: Nanfeng Pass bordering Lianzhou in Guangdong, where the Zhong rose, flowed west, bent north, and met the Kui. It rose on Jiuyi as the Jiuyi or Shun River, northeast past south of the seat taking Meng Stream on the left, bent east as the Maojun with Huajingjin joined from the southeast, north met the Lanxi, and northeast entered Jiahe. Southwest the Middle River entered Jianghua as the Tuo, whose lower course joined the Xiao. It had a Maojun market town. A Daqiao market-town patrol office, later moved to Linwu garrison and renamed. Mount Yao lay south of the county. Jiahe was rated for simple administration. It lay 110 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west: Jin Ridge—that is Mount Lan. To the north: Shimen. To the northwest: Mount Shiyan. The Zhong lay south, entered from Lanshan, flowed northeast to northeast of the seat as the Han joined from the west, and north at Guiyang entered the Chun. Southeast the Pan, rising in Linwu, north joined the Qin and likewise at Guiyang entered the Chun. It had an abolished Lianglukou patrol office.
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郴州直隸州:沖,繁,難。 隸衡永郴桂道。 舊隸湖廣布政使司。 康熙三年來屬。 北距省治六百八十里。 廣三百四十里,袤二百三十里。 北極高二十五度四十八分。 京師偏西三度四十九分三十秒。 領縣五。 東:馬嶺山。 東南:五蓋。 西南:靈壽山。 又黃岑山即騎田嶺,又名臘嶺,蓋五嶺之第二嶺也。 耒水左瀆自興寧入,西北流,梓塘江自東南來注之,東北合郴水。 出黃岑山,一名黃水,東北與沙江合。 又北受千秋水,過縣治東,北合騾溪,又北至郴江口入耒水。 耒水東北入永興,西有屯湖水,北逕棲鳳山,曰棲鳳水,又東北至永興入耒水。 南有良田市巡司。 有驛。 永興沖,繁。 州北八十里。 城內三台山。 西:高亭。 南:土富。 北:金鵝。 東北:桃源。 西南:白豹山。 耒水自州入,北合注江水,屈西過縣城西南,左納靈江,西北至森口,屯湖水合高亭水自西南來會,東北入耒陽。 東大步江,源出興寧縣,合潦溪水,東北至安仁為永樂江。 北安福、西南高亭二巡司,後廢。 有驛。 宜章沖,繁,難。 州南九十里。 北:黃岑。 東北:漏天。 南:西山。 西南:莽山。 溱水在南,亦曰武水,自臨武入,東南流,岑水合浯水自西北來注之,東南入廣東樂昌。 縣北章水,南至樂昌為羅渡水,入武水。 縣南長樂水,東北流,屈西,又東北至廣東乳源,為武陽溪,亦入武水。 東赤石、西南白沙二巡司。 有驛。 有瑤山在縣南。 興寧疲,難。 州東北八十里。 東:石牛。 西:九峰。 北:七寶。 南:浦溪山。 東南耒水自桂陽入,迤西至豐溪口,漚江自東北來注之,西北與資興江水合。 水出縣東,即古清溪,亦謂之乙陂江,又西北合雷溪水,入郴州。 縣北程江,西南至永興入耒水。 東北小江水,一名大步江,亦西北入永興。 又東春江,至酃合洣水。 有滌口巡司,州門鎮廢巡司。 桂陽簡。 州東南一百六十里。 南:屋嶺。 東:洞靈。 西:義通。 西南:大官。 東南:東嶺。 耒水在南,出耒山,西北合淥水,秀溪水自西南來會。 又西北與壽江水合,入興寧。 北漚江自桂東入,右納淇江,為北水河,西北至興寧入耒水。 縣南屋嶺水,南與藍田合,又南入仁化為恩溪。 又益將河出東嶺,左合孤山水,東北至崇義為積龍水,下流合於章水。 有益將、文明市二巡司。 山口鎮、濠村鎮有二廢巡司。 瑤山在縣南。 桂東簡。 州東北二百七十里。 西:紫台山。 南:烏春。 東:胸膛。 東北:都寮山。 又有屏水山,漚江出焉,一名澄江,南與螺川水合。 西過縣城南,桂水自西北來會,又南為嚴溪,左東溪、右白竹皆流合焉,西納雙坑水,與大江水合,南流入桂陽。 東南:泥湖山,大坪水出,入江西龍泉,為遂江水,入贛水。 左溪水亦至龍泉合遂江水。 西南有高分鎮廢巡司。
Chenzhou Directly Administered Prefecture was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Hengyong Chengui circuit. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission. In Kangxi 3 it came under Hunan. It lay 680 li north of the provincial seat. It measured 340 li across and 230 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 25°48′. It lay 3°49′30″ west of the capital meridian. It governed five counties. To the east: Mount Maling. To the southeast: Wugai. To the southwest: Mount Lingshou. Also Mount Huangcen was Qitian Ridge—also La Ridge—the second of the Five Ridges. A left distributary of the Lei entered from Xingning, flowed northwest as the Zitang joined from the southeast, and northeast met the Chen. It rose on Mount Huangcen—also the Huang—and northeast joined the Sha. Farther north it took the Qianqiu, passed east of the seat, north joined the Luo Stream, and north at Chenjiang Mouth entered the Lei. The Lei northeast entered Yongxing; west Tundu Lake water passed Mount Qifeng north as the Qifeng River and northeast through Yongxing into the Lei. To the south stood a Liangtian market patrol office. It had a courier station. Yongxing was rated pivotal and busy. It lay 80 li north of the prefectural seat. Within the city stood Mount Santa. To the west: Gaoting. To the south: Tufu. To the north: Jine. To the northeast: Taoyuan. To the southwest: Mount Baibao. The Lei entered from the prefecture, north took the Zhujiang, bent west past southwest of the seat taking the Ling on the left, northwest at Senkou as Tundu Lake water with Gaoting joined from the southwest, and northeast into Leiyang. East the Dabu, rising in Xingning, joined the Liaoxi and northeast at Anren became the Yongle. Abolished patrol offices at Beianfu and southwest Gaoting. It had a courier station. Yizhang was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It lay 90 li south of the prefectural seat. To the north: Huangcen. To the northeast: Loutian. To the south: Mount Xi. To the southwest: Mount Mang. The Qin lay south—also the Wu—entered from Linwu, flowed southeast as the Cen with the Wuxi joined from the northwest, and southeast into Lechang in Guangdong. North of the county the Zhang flowed south to Lechang as the Luodu and into the Wu. South of the county the Changle flowed northeast, bent west, then northeast to Ruyuan in Guangdong as the Wuyang Stream and into the Wu. Patrol offices at Chishi to the east and Baisha to the southwest. It had a courier station. Mount Yao lay south of the county. Xingning was rated fiscally strained and difficult. It lay 80 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: Shiniu. To the west: Jiufeng. To the north: Qibao. To the south: Mount Puxi. Southeast the Lei entered from Guiyang, wound west to Fengxi Mouth as the Ou joined from the northeast, and northwest met the Zixing. It rose east of the county—the ancient Qing Stream, also the Yipi—northwest joined the Leixi, and entered Chenzhou. North of the county the Cheng flowed southwest through Yongxing into the Lei. Northeast the Xiaojiang—also the Dabu—likewise northwest into Yongxing. Farther east the Chun at Ling joined the Mi. A Dikou patrol office; Zhoumen market town had an abolished patrol office. Guiyang was rated for simple administration. It lay 160 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the south: Wuling. To the east: Dongling. To the west: Yitong. To the southwest: Daguan. To the southeast: Dongling Ridge. The Lei lay south, rose on Mount Lei, northwest took the Lu as the Xiuxi joined from the southwest. Farther northwest it met the Shoujiang and entered Xingning. North the Ou entered from Guidong, took the Qi on the right as the Beishui, and northwest through Xingning into the Lei. South of the county the Wuling joined the Lantian southward and south into Renhua as the En Stream. Also the Yijiang rose on Dongling Ridge, took the Gushan on the left, northeast to Chongyi as the Jilong, whose lower course joined the Zhang. Patrol offices at Yijiang and Wenming market. Abolished patrol offices at Shankou and Haocun market towns. Mount Yao lay south of the county. Guidong was rated for simple administration. It lay 270 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the west: Mount Zitai. To the south: Wuchun. To the east: Xiongtang. To the northeast: Mount Duliao. Also Mount Pingshui, where the Ou—the Cheng—rose and south joined the Luochuan. West past south of the seat the Gui joined from the northwest, south as the Yan with Dong Stream left and Baizhu right, west took Shuangkeng, met the Dajiang, and south flowed into Guiyang. To the southeast: Mount Nihu, where the Daping issued, entered Longquan in Jiangxi as the Sui and into the Gan. The Zuoxi also reached Longquan to join the Sui. Southwest stood an abolished Gaofen market-town patrol office.
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辰州府:沖,繁,難。 隸辰沅永靖道。 舊隸湖廣布政使司。 康熙三年來屬。 初沿明制,領州一,縣六。 乾隆元年,沅州升府,黔陽、麻陽割隸。 東距省治八百五里。 廣三百五十里,袤六百五十里。 北極高二十八度二十三分。 京師偏西六度二十二分。 領縣四。 沅陵沖,繁,難。 南:南山,一名客山。 西北:小酉。 東北:壺頭、明月。 東南:聖人山。 沅水在南,自瀘溪入,東北合藍溪,至府治西南,酉水合明溪、小酉溪自西北來注之。 東北合深溪,北屈而東,左納硃洪溪、洞庭溪,右納怡溪,迤東入桃源。 又冷溪出東南,北與三渡水合,又東北至桃源為夷望溪,入沅水。 通判駐浦市。 縣丞駐荔溪市。 有馬底鎮、船溪二巡司。 池蓬、明溪、會溪三廢巡司。 辰陽、馬底二驛。 瀘溪簡。 府西南七十里。 明,盧溪,清初改。 東:權山。 西:天橋,一名羊喬。 北:虎頭。 西南:踏湖山。 沅水在東,自辰谿合浦溪入,北至縣城南,武水合沱江水自西來注之。 水出乾州廳,曰武溪水,又名盧水也。 沅水又東北入沅陵。 西北潭溪水,西南大能水,皆流合武水。 又太平溪出西南,東南至麻陽入沅水。 南有溪洞廢巡司。 辰谿沖。 府西南一百一十里。 南:五峴。 西:大酉。 北:熊頭。 西南:房連、龍陽山。 東南:沅水自黔陽入,北過茶龍山,合麻溪水,北入漵浦。 又西北復入縣東,右納柿溪,迤西過縣城南,辰水自西來會,東北入瀘溪。 縣南龍門溪,北流合辰水。 有黃溪口巡司。 山塘驛。 有渡口、普市二鎮。 漵浦繁,疲,難。 府東南二百七十里。 東:紅旗。 東南:頓家。 西北:盧峰。 西南:大漵山。 沅水在西,右會漵水,一名雙龍江,源出縣南金字山,逕龍潭溪,進馬江自東南來注之。 屈而北,左納貓兒江,右納柿溪江,又北與龍灣江水合。 又西北流,宣陽江東北自聖人山來會,西至縣治東南,大潭水南流合焉,又西合沅水,東北入辰谿。 南有龍潭巡司。 瑤山在縣南。
Chenzhou Prefecture was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission. In Kangxi 3 it came under Hunan. At first under the Ming system it governed one prefecture and six counties. In Qianlong 1 Yuan was raised to prefectural status and Qianyang and Mayang were detached to it. It lay 805 li east of the provincial seat. It measured 350 li across and 650 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 28°23′. It lay 6°22′ west of the capital meridian. It governed four counties. Yuanling was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. To the south: Mount Nan, also Mount Ke. To the northwest: Xiaoyou. To the northeast: Hutou and Mingyue. To the southeast: Mount Shengren. The Yuan lay south, entered from Luxi, northeast took the Lan, and at southwest of the seat the You with the Ming and Xiaoyou joined from the northwest. Northeast it took the Shen, bent north and east with Zhuhong and Dongting on the left and the Yi on the right, and wound east into Taoyuan. Also the Leng issued southeast, north met the Sandu, and northeast through Taoyuan as the Yiwang entered the Yuan. The prefectural judge was stationed at Pushi. The assistant magistrate was stationed at Lixi market. Patrol offices at Madi and Chuanxi. Abolished patrol offices at Chipeng, Mingxi, and Huixi. Courier stations at Chenyang and Madi. Luxi was rated for simple administration. It lay 70 li southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was Luxi; renamed in the early Qing. To the east: Mount Quan. To the west: Tianqiao, also Yangqiao. To the north: Hutou. To the southwest: Mount Tahu. The Yuan lay east, entered from Chenxi with the Puxi, north to south of the seat as the Wu with the Tuojiang joined from the west. It rose in Qianzhou Department as the Wuxi—also the Lu. The Yuan again flowed northeast into Yuanling. Northwest the Tanxi and southwest the Daneng all joined the Wu. Also the Taiping issued southwest and southeast through Mayang into the Yuan. To the south stood an abolished Xidong patrol office. Chenxi was rated pivotal. It lay 110 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south: Wuxian. To the west: Dayou. To the north: Xiongtou. To the southwest: Fanglian and Mount Longyang. To the southeast the Yuan entered from Qianyang, north past Mount Chalong, took the Maxi, and north into Xupu. Again northwest it re-entered east of the county, took the Shixi on the right, wound west past south of the seat as the Chen joined from the west, and northeast into Luxi. South of the county the Longmen flowed north into the Chen. It had a Huangxikou patrol office. Shantang courier station. Market towns at Dukou and Pushi. Xupu was rated busy, fiscally strained, and difficult. It lay 270 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: Hongqi. To the southeast: Dunjia. To the northwest: Lufeng. To the southwest: Mount Daxu. The Yuan lay west, taking the Xu on the right—also the Shuanglong—rising on Mount Jinzi south of the county via Longtan as the Jinma joined from the southeast. It bent north taking the Mao'er on the left and the Shixi on the right, then north met the Longwan. Farther northwest the Xuanyang joined from Mount Shengren northeast, west to southeast of the seat the Datan joined flowing south, west met the Yuan, and northeast entered Chenxi. To the south stood a Longtan patrol office. Mount Yao lay south of the county.
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沅州府:沖。 隸辰沅永靖道。 本明沅州,隸辰州府。 乾隆元年升為府。 東北距省治一千一百三十五里。 廣二百八十里,袤二百五十五里。 北極高二十七度二十三分。 京師偏西七度零三分三十秒。 領縣三。 芷江沖,繁,難。 倚。 乾隆元年,以州地置。 北:明山。 東北:武陽。 東:花山。 東南:高明。 西南:羅山。 西北:米公山。 潕水即無水,自晃州入,東北流,左納柳林溪、粟米溪,屈東南,過府治南,楊溪東流屈北注之,與五郎溪合。 東屈而南,豐溪水自東北來入,東南入黔陽。 西南:中和溪,出晃州東南,至黔陽入沅水。 縣丞治榆樹灣,懷化、便水二巡司。 晃州、便水、羅舊、懷化四驛。 黔陽沖。 府東南九十里。 本隸辰州府。 乾隆元年來屬。 南:赤寶。 北:紫霄。 東:龍標。 東北:鉤崖。 東南:羅公山。 沅水在西,自會同入,東至托口寨,左合中和溪,右合渠水,屈東北至縣城西,與潕水會。 其會流處曰清江口,即古無口也。 又東南流,錯入會同,迤東北復入縣東,供溪水北流西屈注之。 水出綏寧,其上流為𦰡溪水,東北入辰谿。 東:石橋、安江二巡司,道光十二年廢。 瑤山在東南。 麻陽難。 府西北一百二十里。 本隸辰州府。 乾隆元年來屬。 北:紗帽。 南:西晃。 東:苞茅。 東南有齊天。 東北:雄山,其下有雄關。 辰水在南,一名麻陽江,自貴州銅仁入,東與密粟溪水合。 左納銅信溪,右納石橋溪,過縣治東南,屈而北,樂濠溪自西北來注之,又東合太平溪,至辰谿入沅水。 縣丞治岩門寨,有高村巡司。 岩門驛。
Yuanzhou Prefecture was rated pivotal. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. Originally Ming Yuan Prefecture under Chenzhou Prefecture. In Qianlong 1 it was raised to prefectural status. It lay 1,135 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 280 li across and 255 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 27°23′. It lay 7°03′30″ west of the capital meridian. It governed three counties. Zhijiang was rated pivotal, busy, and difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. In Qianlong 1 it was established on the former prefectural territory. To the north: Mount Ming. To the northeast: Wuyang. To the east: Mount Hua. To the southeast: Gaoming. To the southwest: Mount Luo. To the northwest: Mount Migong. The Wu—the ancient Wu-less—entered from Huangzhou, flowed northeast taking Liulin and Sumi on the left, bent southeast past south of the seat as the Yang bent north to join and met the Wulang. It bent east and south as the Fengxi joined from the northeast and southeast entered Qianyang. To the southwest: the Zhonghe, rising southeast of Huangzhou, at Qianyang entered the Yuan. The assistant magistrate administered Yushu Bay; patrol offices at Huaihua and Bianshui. Courier stations at Huangzhou, Bianshui, Luojiu, and Huaihua. Qianyang was rated pivotal. It lay 90 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Originally under Chenzhou Prefecture. In Qianlong 1 it came under this prefecture. To the south: Chibao. To the north: Zixiao. To the east: Longbiao. To the northeast: Gouya. To the southeast: Mount Luogong. The Yuan lay west, entered from Huitong, east to Tuokou Stockade taking the Zhonghe on the left and the Qu on the right, bent northeast to west of the seat, and met the Wu. Their confluence was Qingjiang Mouth—the ancient Wukou. Farther southeast it flowed, briefly entered Huitong, wound northeast back east of the county as the Gongxi bent north and west to join it. It rose in Suining; its upper course, the Nai Stream, northeast entered Chenxi. Patrol offices at Shiqiao and Anjiang to the east, abolished in Daoguang 12. Mount Yao lay to the southeast. Mayang was rated difficult. It lay 120 li northwest of the prefectural seat. Originally under Chenzhou Prefecture. In Qianlong 1 it came under this prefecture. To the north: Shamao. To the south: Xihuang. To the east: Baomao. To the southeast stood Qitian. To the northeast: Mount Xiong, below which stood Xiong Pass. The Chen lay south—also the Mayang—entered from Tongren in Guizhou and east joined the Misu. It took the Tongxin on the left and the Shiqiao on the right, passed southeast of the seat, bent north as the Lehong joined from the northwest, east met the Taiping, and at Chenxi entered the Yuan. The assistant magistrate administered Yanmen Stockade; a Gaocun patrol office. Yanmen courier station.
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永順府:難。 隸辰沅永靖道。 明為永順等處軍民宣慰使司。 領土州三:南渭、施溶、上溪; 長官司六:臘惹峒、麥著黃峒、驢遲峒、施溶峒、白崖峒、田家峒。 隸湖廣都司。 雍正四年改流官置廳,隸辰州府。 七年升為府。 東南距省治一千八十里。 廣五百里,袤五百五十里。 北極高二十九度二分,京師偏西六度四十分。 領縣四。 永順難。 倚。 本永順宣慰司地。 雍正七年置,治猛峒。 東南距舊司治三十里。 東:飛霞山、賀虎。 東北:蟠龍。 東南:羊峰。 西北:萬笏。 酉水中源自保靖合入逝溪,東與喇集溪合。 溪出龍山,曰汝池河,東南過府治西南,小溪水自北來注之,南與牛路河合,入酉水。 酉水又南屈而東,左納施溶溪,入沅陵。 東南:明溪,亦南至沅陵入酉水。 東北:上洞河,出縣北,過十萬坪入桑植,是為澧水南源。 府經歷駐劉家寨。 王村巡司。 田家峒廢司。 驛三:王村、毛坪、高望界。 龍山簡。 府西北二百二十里。 雍正七年析永順宣慰司地置,治麂皮壩。 乾隆元年又省大喇土司地入焉。 南:洛塔。 東南:鐵爐。 西南:八面山。 酉水在南,即北河,又名更始水。 三源,其北源曰白水河,自湖北宣恩緣界流入,南逕縣治西北,中界湖北來鳳縣,又南流,果利河自東北來注之。 又南與皮渡河合,為卯洞河,西南錯入酉陽州。 其中源曰邑梅河,出秀山,北流東屈來會,又東復入縣西南境。 其右岸則保靖縣界也。 東與洗車河合,入保靖。 東南:汝池河,至永順入酉水。 有隆頭巡司。 保靖難。 府西南一百四十里。 本保靖宣慰司地。 領五寨、筸子坪二長官司。 雍正四年改流官置廳,隸辰州府。 七年改為縣來屬,治茅坪,西南距舊司治半里。 西:煙霞、洛浦。 北:雲台。 南:呂洞山。 酉水自四川酉陽州入,迤東流,左界龍山,又東屈而南。 其南源牛角河,出貴州松桃廳,東流屈北來會。 又東過縣治北,左納蒙沖溪。 又東與白溪水合,入永順。 張家寨巡司。 保靖、白棲關二站。 桑植簡。 府東北一百二十里。 本桑植安撫司地。 領美坪等苗峒凡十有八。 雍正四年,改流官置廳,隸岳州府。 七年改為縣,析慈利縣安福所地益之。 治安福所城。 乾隆元年,復省上峒、下峒、茅岡三土司地入焉。 北:天星。 東:陽岐。 東南:簸箕山。 澧水三源:西北源曰夾石河,出栗山坡,東南為綠水河,又東至兩河口; 南源上峒河,自永順北流來會,又東與涼水口河合; 河出西北七眼泉,是為澧水北源。 東屈而南,至縣治西北,長酉水自東北來注之。 又南入永定。 又有繩子溪,出東北紅花嶺,東南至慈利入漊水。 有下峒廢巡司。
Yongshun Prefecture was rated difficult. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. Under the Ming it was the Yongshun Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. It governed three native prefectures: Nanwei, Shirong, and Shangxi; six native district chieftaincies: Laredong, Maizhuhuangdong, Lvchidong, Shirongdong, Baiyadong, and Tianjiadong. It was subordinate to the Huguang regional military commission. In Yongzheng 4 it was converted to regular administration as a department under Chenzhou Prefecture. In the seventh year it was raised to prefectural status. It lay 1,080 li southeast of the provincial seat. It measured 500 li across and 550 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 29°02′; it lay 6°40′ west of the capital meridian. It governed four counties. Yongshun was rated difficult. It was attached to the prefectural seat. Originally the territory of the Yongshun Pacification Commission. Established in Yongzheng 7 with its seat at Mengdong. It lay 30 li southeast of the old commission seat. To the east: Mount Feixia and Hehu. To the northeast: Panlong. To the southeast: Yangfeng. To the northwest: Wanhu. The You's source stream from Baojing joined the Shixi, and east met the Laji. The stream rose on Mount Long as the Ruchi, southeast past southwest of the seat as the Xiaoxi joined from the north, south met the Niulu, and entered the You. The You again bent south and east, took the Shirong on the left, and entered Yuanling. To the southeast: the Ming Stream, also south through Yuanling into the You. To the northeast: the Shangdong, rising north of the county, via Shiwanping into Sangzhi as the southern source of the Li. The prefectural registrar was stationed at Liujia Stockade. Wangcun patrol office. Tianjiadong had an abolished office. Three courier stations: Wangcun, Maoping, and Gaowangjie. Longshan was rated for simple administration. It lay 220 li northwest of the prefectural seat. In Yongzheng 7 territory was split from the Yongshun Pacification Commission to establish it, with its seat at Jipi Dam. In Qianlong 1 the Dala native chieftaincy was also annexed. To the south: Luota. To the southeast: Tielu. To the southwest: Mount Bamian. The You lay south—the North River, also the Gengshi. It had three sources; the northern, the Baishui, entered along the border from Xuan'en in Hubei, south past northwest of the seat bordering Laifeng in Hubei midway, again south as the Guoli joined from the northeast. Farther south it met the Pidu as the Maodong and southwest briefly entered Youyang Prefecture. Its middle source, the Yimei, rose on Xiushan, flowed north and bent east to join, then east re-entered the southwest of the county. Its right bank was the Baojing county boundary. East it met the Xiche and entered Baojing. To the southeast: the Ruchi, at Yongshun entering the You. It had a Longtou patrol office. Baojing was rated difficult. It lay 140 li southwest of the prefectural seat. Originally the territory of the Baojing Pacification Commission. It governed the native district chieftaincies of Wuzhai and Ganziping. In Yongzheng 4 it was converted to regular administration as a department under Chenzhou Prefecture. In the seventh year it became a county under this prefecture, seat at Maoping, half a li southwest of the old commission seat. To the west: Yanxia and Luopu. To the north: Yuntai. To the south: Mount Ludong. The You entered from Youyang in Sichuan, wound east along the Longshan boundary on the left, then bent east and south. Its southern source, the Niujiao, rose in Songtao, Guizhou, flowed east, bent north, and joined it. Farther east it passed north of the seat, taking Mengchong Stream on the left. Farther east it met the Baixi and entered Yongshun. Zhangjiazhai patrol office. Relay stations at Baojing and Baiqi Pass. Sangzhi was rated for simple administration. It lay 120 li northeast of the prefectural seat. Originally the territory of the Sangzhi Pacification Commission. It governed eighteen Miao cave settlements including Meiping. In Yongzheng 4 it was converted to regular administration as a department under Yuezhou Prefecture. In the seventh year it became a county, with Anfu garrison territory from Cili added. Its seat was at Anfu garrison city. In Qianlong 1 the Shangdong, Xiadong, and Maogang native chieftaincies were again annexed. To the north: Tianxing. To the east: Yangqi. To the southeast: Mount Bozhi. The Li had three sources: the northwest, the Jiashi, rose on Mount Lishan, southeast became the Lüshui, and east to Lianghekou; the southern Shangdong from Yongshun flowed north to join, then east met the Liangshuikou; the river issued from the Seven-Eye Springs northwest—the northern source of the Li. It bent east and south to northwest of the seat as the Changyou joined from the northeast. Farther south it entered Yongding. Also the Shengzi, rising on Honghua Ridge northeast, southeast through Cili into the Lou. It had an abolished Xiadong patrol office.
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靖州直隸州:繁,難。 隸辰沅永靖道。 本隸湖廣布政使司。 康熙三年來屬。 雍正五年,割天柱隸貴州黎平。 東北距省治一千六十里。 廣三百七十里。 袤三百六十里。 北極高二十度三十五分。 京師偏西七度。 領縣三。 南:侍郎。 東:鴻陵。 西:飛山。 西北:艮山。 西南:青蘿。 渠水在東,古謂之敘水,自通道入,北至縣治東南,右納老鴉溪,左納潩溪,西北入會同。 西南有四鄉河,源出貴州開泰,東北至通道入渠水。 有零溪巡司。 會同難。 州北九十里。 北:岩屋。 西北:八仙。 東北:金龍。 沅水在西北,自貴州天柱縣入,東北錯入黔陽。 又東逕縣東北,巫水合若水溪自東南來注之,入於黔陽。 西:渠水自靖州入,北逕縣治西北,右納平川,與吉朗溪合。 水出貴州開泰,又名郎江水,西北至黔陽入沅水。 西南堡子巡司。 洪江司,廢。 通道難。 州南九十里。 東:玉柱。 東南:福湖。 又佛子山,渠水出焉,西北過犁嘴山,播陽河自西南來會。 河出開泰,曰六衝江,又名洪州江也。 北與四鄉河水合,北至縣治西南,臨川河入焉,又東北入靖州。 西南有播陽廢巡司。 綏寧繁,難。 州東南一百二十里。 北:寶鼎。 東北:藍溪。 又有楓門山,巫水在西,即洪江,古謂之運水,又曰雄溪,自城步入,西北至界溪口,蒔竹水自南來注之。 又北流為竹舟江,西北至會同入沅水。 又蓼溪水,源出東北雞籠山,東為武陽水,又東北入武岡州,是為高沙市水也。 南:長平水自城步入,西流,右納駕馬溪,又西與雙江水合,西北至通道合渠水。 有青陂、雙江二巡司。
Jingzhou Directly Administered Prefecture was rated busy and difficult. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. Formerly under the Huguang provincial administration commission. In Kangxi 3 it came under Hunan. In Yongzheng 5 Tianzhu was detached to Liping in Guizhou. It lay 1,060 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 370 li across. It measured 360 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 20°35′. It lay 7° west of the capital meridian. It governed three counties. To the south: Shilang. To the east: Hongling. To the west: Mount Fei. To the northwest: Mount Gen. To the southwest: Qingluo. The Qu lay east—the ancient Xu—entered from Tongdao, north to southeast of the seat taking Laoya on the right and the Yi on the left, and northwest into Huitong. To the southwest the Sixiang, rising in Kaitai, Guizhou, northeast through Tongdao into the Qu. It had a Lingxi patrol office. Huitong was rated difficult. It lay 90 li north of the prefectural seat. To the north: Yanwu. To the northwest: Baxian. To the northeast: Jinlong. The Yuan lay northwest, entered from Tianzhu in Guizhou, and northeast briefly entered Qianyang. Again east past northeast of the seat the Wu with the Ruoshui joined from the southeast and entered Qianyang. West the Qu entered from Jingzhou, north past northwest of the seat taking Pingchuan on the right and joining the Jilang. It rose in Kaitai, Guizhou—also the Lang—and northwest at Qianyang entered the Yuan. Southwest Baozi patrol office. The Hongjiang office was abolished. Tongdao was rated difficult. It lay 90 li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Yuzhu. To the southeast: Fuhu. Also Mount Fozi, where the Qu rose, northwest past Mount Lizui as the Boyang joined from the southwest. It rose in Kaitai as the Liuchong—also the Hongzhou. North it met the Sixiang, north to southwest of the seat as the Linchuan joined, then northeast into Jingzhou. Southwest stood an abolished Boyang patrol office. Suining was rated busy and difficult. It lay 120 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the north: Baoding. To the northeast: Lanxi. Also Mount Fengmen; the Wu lay west—Hongjiang, anciently the Yun, also the Xiong—entered from Chengbu, northwest to Jiexikou as the Shizhu joined from the south. Farther north it became the Zhuzhou and northwest through Huitong into the Yuan. Also the Liaoxi, rising on Mount Jilong northeast, east became the Wuyang, northeast into Wugang as the Gaoshashi. South the Changping entered from Chengbu, flowed west taking the Jiama on the right, west met the Shuangjiang, and northwest at Tongdao joined the Qu. Patrol offices at Qingpi and Shuangjiang.
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乾州直隸廳:繁,難。 隸辰沅永靖道。 明為鎮溪軍民千戶所,隸辰州府瀘溪縣。 康熙三十九年改為乾州。 四十七年置廳,治鎮溪所城,仍隸辰州府。 嘉慶元年升直隸廳。 轄苗寨一百一十有五。 東北距省治九百六十五里。 廣一百二十里,袤九十里。 北極高二十八度十二分。 京師偏西六度五十九分。 東:鎮溪。 西:武山,武水出焉,一名武溪,又名盧溪,迤東過廳治西,屈而南,萬溶江自鳳凰廳北流東屈注之。 又東與鎮溪水合,東南入瀘溪。 有河溪、乾州二廢巡司。 鎮溪、喜鵲二營,皆嘉慶二年置。
Qianzhou Directly Administered Department was rated busy and difficult. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. Under the Ming it was the Zhenxi Military-Civilian Guard under Luxi County in Chenzhou Prefecture. In Kangxi 39 it was renamed Qianzhou. In the forty-seventh year a department was established at the Zhenxi garrison city, still under Chenzhou Prefecture. In Jiaqing 1 it was raised to a directly administered department. It governed 115 Miao stockades. It lay 965 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 120 li across and 90 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 28°12′. It lay 6°59′ west of the capital meridian. To the east: Zhenxi. To the west: Mount Wu, where the Wu—also the Wu Stream or Lu Stream—rose, wound east past west of the seat, bent south as the Wanrong from Fenghuang flowed north and bent east to join it. Farther east it met the Zhenxi and southeast entered Luxi. Abolished patrol offices at Hexi and Qianzhou. The Zhenxi and Xique garrisons, both established in Jiaqing 2.
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鳳凰直隸廳:繁,難。 鎮筸總兵、辰沅永靖道駐。 明為五寨、筸子坪二長官司,隸保靖宣慰使司。 康熙四十三年,改流官置通判,辰沅靖道僉事徙駐。 雍正四年改鳳凰營。 乾隆五十二年改廳,升通判為同知。 嘉慶元年升直隸廳。 轄紅苗寨一百有五。 東北距省治一千五十里。 廣一百八十四里,袤一百二十里。 北極高二十七度五十三分。 京師偏西七度三分。 南:南華山。 西:鳳凰山,上有鳳凰營,又有鳳凰營司巡檢,後廢。 東南:觀景。 南:二華。 西南:都督。 沱江自貴州銅仁入,迤東北流,烏巢江自北來注之。 東過廳治北,又東北入於瀘溪,是為武水最南源也。 又,萬溶江源出西北天星砦山,東屈而北,左納龍爪溪,西北至乾州合武水。 西南:樂濠溪,東南至麻陽入辰水。 祐營,知事駐。 得勝營、五寨站有巡司。
Fenghuang Directly Administered Department was rated busy and difficult. The Zhen'gan regional commander and the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit were stationed there. Under the Ming it comprised the Wuzhai and Ganziping native district chieftaincies under the Baojing Pacification Commission. In Kangxi 43 it was converted to regular administration with a subprefect, and the Chenyuan Jing investigating commissioner relocated there. In Yongzheng 4 it became Fenghuang Garrison. In Qianlong 52 it became a department and the subprefect was promoted to subprefect-rank magistrate. In Jiaqing 1 it was raised to a directly administered department. It governed 105 Red Miao stockades. It lay 1,050 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 184 li across and 120 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 27°53′. It lay 7°03′ west of the capital meridian. To the south: Mount Nanhua. To the west: Mount Fenghuang, with Fenghuang Garrison on its heights; a Fenghuang garrison sub-inspector later abolished. To the southeast: Guanjing. To the south: Erhua. To the southwest: Dudu. The Tuo entered from Tongren in Guizhou, wound northeast as the Wuchao joined from the north. East past north of the seat, then northeast into Luxi as the southernmost source of the Wu. Also the Wanrong rose on Mount Tianxingzhai northwest, bent east and north taking Longzhao on the left, and northwest at Qianzhou joined the Wu. To the southwest: the Lehong, southeast through Mayang into the Chen. At You Garrison the registrar was stationed. Patrol offices at Desheng Garrison and Wuzhai Station.
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永綏直隸廳:繁,難。 隸辰沅永靖道。 綏靖總兵駐。 明,鎮溪千戶所、崇山衛地,隸辰州府瀘溪縣。 雍正元年置廳吉多營,仍隸辰州府。 嘉慶元年升直隸廳。 七年移治花園堡。 轄紅苗寨二百二十有八。 東北距省治一千一百五十九里。 廣九十里,袤一百五十五里。 北極高二十八度四十三分。 京師偏西七度。 南:大排吾山。 西:苞茅。 西南:蠟爾。 牛角河即酉水南源,自貴州松桃廳緣界流入,北至茶洞城,其左岸則四川酉陽州界也。 屈而東北,界保靖縣。 東過廳治北,臘爾堡河自西南來注之,東北入保靖。 西南:高岩河,源出犀牛潭,入乾州為鎮溪,入武水。 茶洞,廢知事,隆團、排補二砦廢司。 有花園砦。
Yongshui Directly Administered Department was rated busy and difficult. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. The Suijing regional commander was stationed there. Under the Ming it was Zhenxi Guard and Chongshan garrison territory under Luxi County in Chenzhou Prefecture. In Yongzheng 1 the Jiduo garrison department was established, still under Chenzhou Prefecture. In Jiaqing 1 it was raised to a directly administered department. In the seventh year the seat moved to Huayuan Fort. It governed 228 Red Miao stockades. It lay 1,159 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 90 li across and 155 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 28°43′. It lay 7° west of the capital meridian. To the south: Mount Dapaiwu. To the west: Baomao. To the southwest: La'er. The Niujiao was the southern source of the You, entering along the border from Songtao, Guizhou, north to Chadong city along the Youyang, Sichuan boundary on its left bank. It bent northeast along the Baojing county boundary. East past north of the seat the La'erbao joined from the southwest and northeast entered Baojing. To the southwest: the Gaoyan, rising at Xiniutan, at Qianzhou becoming the Zhenxi and entering the Wu. At Chadong an abolished registrar; abolished offices at Longtuan and Paibu stockades. It had Huayuan Stockade.
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晃州直隸廳:沖。 隸辰沅永靖道。 本芷江晃州堡地,屬沅州府。 嘉慶二十二年析置直隸廳,移涼傘通判治焉。 東北距省治一千二百四十五里。 廣五十二里,袤一百四十五里。 北極高二十七度二分。 京師偏西七度二十二分。 西:龍溪。 西南:尖坡。 東南:寶駿山。 潕水在南,一名無水,又名㵲水。 上流曰鎮陽江,自貴州玉屏入,東北與龍溪合。 過廳治南,左納木多溪,東流會平溪,東北入芷江。 東南:中和溪,一名羅岩江,亦東北流入芷江。 晃州、涼傘二巡司。 有驛。
Huangzhou Directly Administered Department was rated pivotal. It was subordinate to the Chenyuan Yongjing circuit. Originally Huangzhou Fort territory in Zhijiang under Yuanzhou Prefecture. In Jiaqing 22 it was split off as a directly administered department and the Liangsan subprefect was relocated there. It lay 1,245 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 52 li across and 145 li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was 27°02′. It lay 7°22′ west of the capital meridian. To the west: Longxi. To the southwest: Jianpo. To the southeast: Mount Baojun. The Wu lay south—also the Wu-less, also the Bi. Its upper course, the Zhenyang, entered from Yuping in Guizhou and northeast met Longxi. It passed south of the seat taking the Moduo on the left, flowed east to meet Pingxi, and northeast entered Zhijiang. To the southeast: the Zhonghe—also the Luoyan—likewise flowed northeast into Zhijiang. Patrol offices at Huangzhou and Liangsan. It had a courier station.