1
志四十六
Treatise 46.
2
地理十七
Geography 17.
3
臺灣
Taiwan.
4
臺灣:古荒服之地,不通中國,名曰東番。 隋開皇中,遣虎賁陳棱略澎湖三十六島。 ,海寇林道乾掠近海郡縣,都督俞大猷征之,追至澎湖,道乾遁入臺灣。 ,閩人顏思齊引日本國人據其地。 久之,為荷蘭所奪。 ,海寇鄭成功逐荷蘭人據之,偽置承天府,名曰東都,設二縣,曰天興,曰萬年。 其子鄭經改東都為東寧省,升二縣為州。 康熙二十二年討平之,改置臺灣府,屬福建省,領縣三。 雍正元年,增置彰化縣,領縣四。 光緒十三年,改建行省。 光緒十三年九月庚午,閩浙總督楊昌濬、臺灣巡撫劉銘傳會奏,略云:「臺灣疆域,南北相距七百餘里,東西近者二百餘里,遠或三四百里,崇山大溪,鉤連高下。 從前所治,不過山前迤南一線,故僅設三縣而有餘。 自後榛莽日開,故屢增庁治而猶不足。 光緒元年,沈葆楨請設臺北府、縣以固北路,又將同知移治卑南以顧後山,全臺官制,粗有規模。 然彼時局勢,未聞擇要修舉,非一勞永逸之計也。 臣等公同商酌,竊謂建置之法,恃險與勢,分治之道,貴持其平。 臺省治理,視內地為難,而各縣幅員,反較多於內地。 如彰化、嘉義、鳳山、新竹、淡水等縣,縱橫二百餘里、三百里不等,倉卒有事,鞭長莫及。 且防務為治臺要領,轄境太廣,則耳目難周,控制太寬,則聲氣多阻。 至山後中、北兩路,延袤三四百里,僅區段所設碉堡,並無專駐治理之員,前寄清虛,亦難遙制。 現當改設伊始,百廢俱興,若不量予變通,何以定責成而垂久遠? 臣銘傳於上年九月親赴中路督剿叛番,沿途察看地勢,並據各地方官,將境內扼塞道里、田園山溪,繪圖貼說,呈送前來。 又據撫番清賦各員弁將撫墾地所陸續稟報,謹就山前後通局籌畫,有應添設者,有應改設者,有應裁撤者。 查彰化橋孜圖地方,山環水複,中開平原,氣象宏敞,又當全臺適中之地,擬照前撫臣岑毓英議,就該處建立省城,分彰化東北之境設首府曰臺灣府,附郭首縣曰臺灣縣,將原有之臺灣府、縣改為臺南府安平縣。 嘉義之東,彰化之南,自濁水溪至姑石圭溪止,截長補短,方長四百餘里,擬添設一縣曰云林縣。 新竹苗栗街一帶,扼內山之衝,東連大湖,沿山新墾荒地甚多,擬於新竹西南各境添設一縣曰苗栗縣,合原有之彰化,及埔里社通判,一庁、四縣,均隸臺灣府屬。 其鹿港同知一缺,應即裁撤。 淡水之北,東控三貂嶺,番社歧出,距縣太遠。 基隆為臺北第一門戶,通商建埠,交涉紛繁,現值開採煤礦,修造鐵路,商民麕集,尤賴撫綏。 擬分淡水東北四堡之地,撤歸基隆庁管轄,將原設通判改為撫民理番同知,以重事權。 此前路添改之大略也。 後山形勢,北以蘇溪為總隘,南以卑南為要區,控扼中權,厥惟水尾。 其地與擬設之雲林縣東西相直,現開路百九十餘里,由丹社嶺集集街經達彰化,將去省城,建立中路,前後脈絡,呼吸相通,實為臺東鎖鑰。 擬添設直隸州知州一員曰臺東直隸州,左界宜蘭,右界恆春,計長五百餘里,寬約四十里、十餘里不等,統歸該州管轄,仍隸於臺灣兵備道。 其卑南庁舊治,擬請改設直隸州同一員。 水尾迤南,改為花蓮港庁。 其內已墾熟田約數千畝。 其外海口水深數丈,稽查商舶,彈壓民番,擬請添設直隸州判一員,常川駐紮,均隸臺東直隸州屬。 此後路添設之大略也。 謹按臺灣疆土賦役,日增月廣,與舊時羈縻僑置情形迥不相同,因地制宜,似難再緩。 況年來生番歸化,狉榛之性初就範圍,尤須分道拊循,藉收實效。 輯遐牖邇,在在需員,臣等身在局中,既不敢遇事紛更,以紊典章之舊,亦不敢因陋就簡,以失富庶之基,損益酌中,期歸妥協。」 二十一年,割隸日本。 省在福建東南五百四十里。 西北距京師七千二百五十里。 東界海; 西界澎湖島; 南界磯頭海; 北界基隆城海。 廣五百里,袤一千八百里。 一統志載戶口原額人丁一萬八千八百二十七,滋生男婦大小口共一百七十八萬六千八百八十三,戶二十二萬四千六百四十六。 領府三,州一,庁三,縣十一。 臺灣屹峙海中,為東南屏障,四面環海,崇山峻岭,橫截其中,背負崇岡,襟帶列島。 浪嶠南屏,雞籠北衛,澎湖為門戶,鹿耳為咽喉。 七鯤身毗連環護,三茅港匯聚澄泓。 畜牧之饒,無異中土。 誠東南一大都會也。
Taiwan was anciently a remote borderland, cut off from China, and known as the Eastern Barbarians. During the Kaihuang reign of Sui, the Huben officer Chen Ling was dispatched to subdue the thirty-six islands of Penghu. In the Wanli reign of the Ming, the pirate Lin Daoqian raided coastal prefectures and counties; Regional Commander Yu Dayou campaigned against him, pursued him as far as Penghu, and Lin escaped into Taiwan. Later the Fujianese Yan Siqi brought Japanese settlers to take the island. In time the Dutch seized it. Later the pirate Zheng Chenggong expelled the Dutch and held the island; he set up a rebel Chengtian Prefecture, styled it the Eastern Capital, and created two counties, Tianxing and Wannian. His son Zheng Jing renamed the Eastern Capital Dongning Province and elevated the two counties to prefecture rank. In Kangxi 22 the island was pacified; Taiwan Prefecture was established under Fujian Province, with three counties under its jurisdiction. In Yongzheng 1 Zhanghua County was added, bringing the prefecture to four counties. In Guangxu 13 it was reorganized as a province. On the gengwu day of the ninth month of Guangxu 13, Yang Changjun, governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang, and Liu Mingchuan, governor of Taiwan, submitted a joint memorial in summary as follows: "Taiwan stretches more than seven hundred li from north to south; east to west it is about two hundred li in places and three or four hundred in others, with great mountains and rivers rising and falling in succession. Former administration reached only the strip south of the central ranges, so three counties were once enough. As the wilderness has steadily been opened, subprefectures have been added again and again, yet still fall short. In Guangxu 1 Shen Baozhen proposed Taipei Prefecture and county to secure the north, and moved a subprefect's seat to Beinan to oversee the eastern ranges; Taiwan's administrative framework then took rough shape. But under conditions then prevailing, no comprehensive reforms were undertaken; that was no lasting settlement. We have deliberated together and hold that administrative design should exploit terrain and strategic advantage, while divided rule must keep jurisdictions in balance. Taiwan is harder to govern than the mainland, yet its counties are larger than most inland ones. Counties such as Zhanghua, Jiayi, Fengshan, Xinzhu, and Danshui span two to three hundred li; in a sudden crisis officials cannot reach the scene in time. Defense is the heart of governing Taiwan: too broad a jurisdiction leaves officials blind, while too loose control blocks timely communication. The central and northern routes behind the mountains stretch three or four hundred li, with only scattered blockhouses and no dedicated administrators; left effectively ungoverned, they could not be controlled from afar. With reorganization just beginning and every institution to be revived, without measured reform how can duties be fixed for the long term? Last ninth month your minister Liu Mingchuan personally led the campaign on the central route against rebel tribes, inspected the terrain, and had local officials map strategic points, roads, farmland, and waterways with explanatory notes, which were submitted. Reports from officers pacifying tribes and registering reclaimed land have also been received; considering the whole island, we propose additions, changes, and abolitions of offices as needed. At Qiaozitu in Zhanghua, ringed by mountains and water, a broad plain opens at the island's geographic center; following former Governor Cen Yuying's proposal, we would place the provincial capital there, carve northeastern Zhanghua into a new Taiwan Prefecture with seat-attached Taiwan County, and rename the old Taiwan Prefecture and county as Tainan Prefecture and Anping County. Between Jiayi to the east and Zhanghua to the south, from the Zhuoshui River to the Gushigui River—a district of roughly four hundred li—we propose a new Yunlin County. The Miaoli area in Xinzhu commands the inner mountain passes, links east to Dahu, and has extensive new reclamation along the slopes; we propose Miaoli County in southwestern Xinzhu. With Zhanghua and the Puli subprefect, one subprefecture and four counties would fall under Taiwan Prefecture. The Lukang subprefect post should be abolished. North of Danshui, east toward Sandiao Ridge, aboriginal settlements branch off too far from the county seat for effective rule. Keelung is Taipei's principal gateway: a treaty port with constant foreign dealings, now coal mining and railways drawing dense settlement, all requiring firm administration. We propose transferring four districts northeast of Danshui to Keelung subprefecture and elevating the subprefect to a pacification-and-aborigine-affairs post with broader authority. Such is the outline of reforms for the western districts. Behind the mountains, Suxi guards the northern pass and Beinan the southern key; Shuiwei holds the strategic center. It lies due east of the proposed Yunlin County; a road of more than one hundred ninety li now runs from Danshe Ridge and Jiji to Zhanghua and the future provincial capital, linking east and west—the strategic key to eastern Taiwan. We propose Taitung Directly Subordinate Prefecture, bounded by Yilan on the west and Hengchun on the east—over five hundred li long and ten to forty li wide—still under the Taiwan military intendant. The former Beinan subprefecture seat would become a directly subordinate prefectural subprefect. South of Shuiwei would become Hualian Harbor subprefecture. Several thousand mu of land there are already under cultivation. The outer harbor is several zhang deep; to inspect shipping and keep settlers and tribes in order, we propose a permanently stationed directly subordinate prefectural judge under Taitung Prefecture. Such is the outline of reforms for the eastern districts. Taiwan's territory and tax base have grown steadily, far beyond the old era of nominal control; local adaptation can hardly be postponed. Moreover, as raw tribes have lately submitted and their wild ways are first being brought under discipline, separate routes of pacification are needed to secure lasting results. Bringing distant peoples near requires officials everywhere; we dare neither change institutions recklessly nor settle for makeshift rule that would forfeit prosperity—we seek a balanced and workable settlement." In the twenty-first year [of Guangxu] it was ceded to Japan. The province lies five hundred forty li southeast of Fujian. It lies seven thousand two hundred fifty li northwest of the capital. East: the sea; west: Penghu Island; south: Jitou Sea; north: the sea off Keelung. It measures five hundred li across and one thousand eight hundred li from north to south. The Comprehensive Gazetteer records an original quota of 18,827 adult males, with registered growth bringing the total population to 1,786,883 persons in 224,646 households. It comprised three prefectures, one department, three subprefectures, and eleven counties. Taiwan rises from the sea as the southeastern rampart of the empire, ringed by water, with lofty ranges running through its center, highlands at its back, and archipelagos at its flanks. Langjiao screens the south and Jilong guards the north; Penghu is its gateway and Luer its throat. The Seven Kun islets form a protective chain, and Sanmao Harbor gathers clear, deep waters. Its livestock are as abundant as on the mainland. It is truly a great metropolis of the southeast.
5
臺灣府:衝,繁,疲,難。 為臺灣省治。 巡撫、布政使、分巡兵備道兼按察使銜,共駐。 其地東及東南界臺東州; 西及北界海; 南及西南界臺南府; 東北界臺北府。 廣袤里數闕。 北極高二十四度三十三分。 京師偏東四度二十分。 領縣四,庁一。 臺灣衝,繁,疲,難。 倚。 分彰化縣治。 葫蘆墩,巡司駐。 彰化繁,難。 府北百里。 鹿港,縣丞駐。 雲林難。 林圮埔,縣丞駐。 苗栗衝。 大甲,巡司駐。 埔里社庁調。 府東南。 其山在府境者,西北:五鶴、牛困山。 西:史老榻山。 南:蘆芝、芎根、郡坑、松柏山、土山。 東:內山。 濁水出埔里社庁東南山,西南流,左合二水,經雲林縣東北,一水自南來注之。 曲北,右納一水,經縣北。 又西北,一水自嘉義縣來,北流注之。 又西經牛埔厝,歧為三支:一支曰石龜溪,西為牛椆溪; 一支曰虎尾溪,經汕頭厝為麥藔港,並經縣西入于海; 一支為東螺溪,又歧為三,曰刺桐港即番挖港,曰鹿港,曰二林港,並經彰化縣西入于海。 大肚溪上源曰合水溪,出埔里社庁東南魚池仔,西北流,合南硿溪,經庁西北,北港溪、北硿溪並西流注之。 又西,珠子山二水合西北流注之,經府治南,左右各納一水,經大肚街為大肚溪,又西北入于海。 大甲溪出苗栗縣東南,合數小水,西南流,右出支津注於吞霄溪。 正渠南流,左納一水,折西北,經鐵砧山南,又西北入于海。 吞霄溪出苗栗縣東南,合大甲溪支津,經縣南,西北流入于海。 後壠溪出苗栗縣東南山,合一水,西北流,經五鶴山,南至鋼羅灣,夾二洲,又西北,經縣治北,右通中港溪,左納一水,入于海。 中港溪出縣東山,緣界西北流,經縣治,左出支津合後壠港支水為烏眉溪,與正渠並西北入于海。
Taiwan Prefecture: designated as strategically critical, administratively busy, fiscally strained, and geographically difficult. It served as the provincial capital of Taiwan. The governor, provincial administration commissioner, and the military-defense circuit intendant (also holding surveillance commissioner rank) were all stationed there. East and southeast: Taitung Department; west and north: the sea; south and southwest: Tainan Prefecture; northeast: Taipei Prefecture. Its dimensions in li are not recorded. Its latitude is 24°33′ north. It lies 4°20′ east of the capital meridian. It administered four counties and one subprefecture. Taiwan County: designated as strategically critical, administratively busy, fiscally strained, and geographically difficult. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. Its seat was carved out from Zhanghua County. At Huludun a patrol station was posted. Zhanghua: designated as administratively busy and geographically difficult. One hundred li north of the prefectural seat. At Lukang a county assistant magistrate was posted. Yunlin: designated as geographically difficult. At Linpipo a county assistant magistrate was posted. Miaoli: designated as strategically critical. At Dajia a patrol station was posted. Puli subprefecture: transferred [to this prefecture]. Southeast of the prefectural seat. Mountains within the prefecture: in the northwest, Wuhe and Niukun Mountains. West: Laolao Mountain. South: Luzhi, Qionggen, Junkeng, Songbai, and Tushan Mountains. East: the inner mountain range. The Zhuoshui rose in the southeastern mountains of Puli subprefecture and flowed southwest, receiving two streams on the left; passing northeast of Yunlin County, it was joined by a stream from the south. It turned north, received a stream on the right, and passed north of the county seat. Farther northwest, a stream from Jiayi County flowed north to join it. Farther west it passed Niupucuo and split into three branches: one, the Shigui Stream, became the Niuchou Stream to the west; one, the Huwei Stream, passed Shantoucuo as Mailiao Harbor, and both entered the sea west of the county; one was the Dongluo Stream, which split again into three mouths—Citong (Fanwa) Harbor, Lukang Harbor, and Erlin Harbor—all entering the sea west of Zhanghua County. The Dadu River's upper course, the Heshui Stream, rose at Yuchizi southeast of Puli subprefecture and flowed northwest, merging with the Nankeng Stream; passing northwest of the subprefecture, it received the Beigang and Beikeng streams from the west. Farther west, two streams from Zhuzi Mountain merged and flowed northwest to join it; passing south of the prefectural seat and receiving streams on both sides, it became the Dadu River at Dadu Street and entered the sea to the northwest. The Dajia River rose southeast of Miaoli County, gathered several tributaries, and flowed southwest; a branch on the right fed the Tunxiao Stream. The main channel flowed south, received a stream on the left, turned northwest past Tiezhen Mountain, and entered the sea. The Tunxiao Stream rose southeast of Miaoli County, received the Dajia River's branch, passed south of the county seat, and flowed northwest into the sea. The Houlong Stream rose in the southeastern hills of Miaoli County, gathered a tributary, and flowed northwest past Wuhe Mountain to Gangluo Bay, where two sandbars flanked its course; turning northwest past the county seat, it linked on the right with the Zhonggang Stream, received a stream on the left, and entered the sea. The Zhonggang Stream rose in the county's eastern hills, followed the border northwest past the county seat; a branch on the left joined the Houlong Harbor branch to form the Wumei Stream, and both entered the sea with the main channel.
6
臺南府:衝,繁,難。 舊臺灣府改設。 東北距省治二百里。 東及東南界臺東州; 西及南界海; 北及東北界臺灣府。 廣袤里數闕。 北極高二十三度。 京師偏東三度三十一分。 領縣四,庁一。 噶瑪蘭頭圍,巡司駐。 安平衝,繁,難。 倚。 大武壠、斗六門二巡司。 鳳山繁,難。 府南八十里。 下淡水,縣丞駐。 枋寮,巡司駐。 嘉義繁,難。 府北一百十七里。 笨港,縣丞駐。 佳里興,巡司駐。 恆春疲,難。 澎湖庁簡。 府西水程二百四十里。 澎湖,總兵駐。 澎湖八罩巡司。 其山在府境者,北:太湖、白水、木岡山。 東北:大福興、大利山。 東:觀音、枕頭山。 北:華山。 東南:武吉、草山。 南:虎頭、龜山。 西:鳳山,鳳山縣以此得名。 鳳山北大岡滾水、大武壠、大木岡山。 縣東傀儡山,俗曰加禮山。 澎湖庁懸居海中。 牛椆溪出嘉義縣東,西北流,經治北,與布袋嘴港並西流入于海。 八掌溪出雲林縣界,西北流,經平鼻山北半月山,南合瀵箕湖及一小水,西流至鹽水港,入于海。 急水溪二源,並出雲林縣西界,經嘉義縣東南,合西流,又經急水鋪南,左納十八重溪,又經鐵線橋街北,又西入于海。 曾文溪出府治東北,西北流,經大武壠北,右納茄拔溪,左納一小水,經府治北,又西經倒風港,入于海。 柴頭港出府治東北山,西北流,經治北,又西合德慶港為安平港,入于海。 二層行溪出府治東,茄定港出雁門關嶺,阿公店溪出鳳山縣東北,並西流入于海。 淡水溪出府治東六張犁,西南流,右納一水,左納二水,經下淡水西,鳳山縣治東,至潮州厝汛北,西冷水溝水出縣東芋匏山,合二水西南流注之。 又西南匯為東港,入於港海。 茄藤港在鳳山縣南,西流入于海。 率芒溪出恆春縣北武吉山,合一水,西流入于海。 刺桐港、楓港、五重溪、三重港、射寮溪並在恆春縣北,西流入于海。 龍鑾潭在恆春縣南,西北流入于海。 豬勞束港在恆春縣東,東流入于海。
Tainan Prefecture: designated as strategically critical, administratively busy, and geographically difficult. It was reorganized from the former Taiwan Prefecture. It lay two hundred li northeast of the provincial capital. East and southeast: Taitung Department; west and south: the sea; north and northeast: Taiwan Prefecture. Its dimensions in li are not recorded. Its latitude is 23° north. It lies 3°31′ east of the capital meridian. It administered four counties and one subprefecture. At Gamlan Touwei a patrol station was posted. Anping: designated as strategically critical, administratively busy, and geographically difficult. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. It had patrol stations at Dawulao and Douliumen. Fengshan: designated as administratively busy and geographically difficult. Eighty li south of the prefectural seat. At Xiadanshui a county assistant magistrate was posted. At Fangliao a patrol station was posted. Jiayi: designated as administratively busy and geographically difficult. One hundred seventeen li north of the prefectural seat. At Bengang a county assistant magistrate was posted. At Jialixing a patrol station was posted. Hengchun: designated as fiscally strained and geographically difficult. Penghu subprefecture: designated as administratively simple. The sea route west of the prefecture measured two hundred forty li. At Penghu a regional commander was posted. It had the Penghu Bazhao patrol station. Mountains within the prefecture: in the north, Taihu, Baishui, and Mugang Mountains. Northeast: Dafuxing and Dali Mountains. East: Guanyin and Zhentou Mountains. North: Huashan. Southeast: Wuji and Caoshan. South: Hutou and Guishan. West: Fengshan, from which Fengshan County took its name. North of Fengshan lie Dagang Gunshui, Dawulao, and Damugang Mountains. East of the county stands Kuilei Mountain, commonly known as Jiali Mountain. Penghu subprefecture lay isolated in the sea. The Niuchou Stream rose east of Jiayi County, flowed northwest past the county seat, and with Buduizui Harbor entered the sea to the west. The Bazhang Stream rose on the Yunlin border, flowed northwest past Pingbi and Banyue mountains, gathered Fenji Lake and a tributary from the south, and entered the sea at Yanshui Harbor. The Jishui Stream rose in two branches on Yunlin's western border, merged southeast of Jiayi County, flowed west past Jishui Post, received the Shibazhong Stream on the left, passed north of Tiexianqiao Street, and entered the sea. The Zengwen Stream rose northeast of the prefectural seat, flowed northwest past Dawulao, received the Qieba Stream on the right and a tributary on the left, passed north of the seat, and entered the sea at Daofeng Harbor. Chaitou Harbor rose in the hills northeast of the prefectural seat, flowed northwest past the seat, merged with Deqing Harbor to form Anping Harbor, and entered the sea. The Ercengxing Stream rose east of the prefectural seat; Qieding Harbor from Yanmenguan Ridge; and the Agongdian Stream from northeastern Fengshan County—all entered the sea to the west. The Danshui Stream rose at Liuzhangli east of the prefectural seat and flowed southwest, receiving one stream on the right and two on the left; passing west of Xiadanshui and east of Fengshan, it reached north of Chaozhoucuo garrison, where the Xilengshuigou Stream from Yupao Mountain joined with two tributaries and entered from the southwest. Farther southwest it formed Donggang and entered the coastal waters. Qieteng Harbor lay south of Fengshan County and flowed west into the sea. The Shuaimang Stream rose at Wuji Mountain north of Hengchun County, gathered a tributary, and flowed west into the sea. Citong Harbor, Feng Harbor, the Wuzhong Stream, Sanzhong Harbor, and the Sheliao Stream—all north of Hengchun County—flowed west into the sea. Longluantan lay south of Hengchun County and drained northwest into the sea. Zhulaoshu Harbor lay east of Hengchun County and flowed east into the sea.
7
臺北府:衝,繁。 西南距省治三百五十里。 東、北、西界海; 南界臺東州; 西南界臺灣府。 廣袤里數闕。 北極高二十五度十七分。 京師偏東五度十五分。 領縣三,庁一。 淡水衝。 倚。 新竹疲,難。 府西南。 宜蘭疲,難。 府東南。 頭圍,縣丞駐。 基隆庁衝,繁。 府東北二百七十五里。 其山在府境者,北:大屯、沙帽、大武壠山。 東北:雞籠山,在基隆庁東。 府城東:攀山。 南:瓦窯山、大羈尖山、五指山。 西南:橫山、金面山、虎頭山。 西南:嵌山。 海環府東、北、西三面。 基隆口在基隆庁東北。 扈尾口在府治西北。 磺溪出府治南山,合石頭溪,東北流,左右各納一小水,至枋橋街,紅仙水合擺接溪諸水西流注之。 又北經府治西,艋舺、十八重溪水北流折東注之。 至大稻埕。 大隆洞溪出基隆庁東雞籠山,合一水西流注之。 又西北,分流復合,經扈尾港入于海。 南崁港上流為大過溪,在府治西北。 中瀝溪、土牛溝、紅毛港、鳳山崎溪、舊港、油車港、香山港並在新竹縣西北入于海。 三貂溪在基隆庁東南,草嶺大溪、加禮遠港、蘇澳門並在宜蘭縣南,俱入于海。
Taipei Prefecture: designated as strategically critical and administratively busy. It lay three hundred fifty li southwest of the provincial capital. East, north, and west: the sea; south: Taitung Department; southwest: Taiwan Prefecture. Its dimensions in li are not recorded. Its latitude is 25°17′ north. It lies 5°15′ east of the capital meridian. It administered three counties and one subprefecture. Danshui: designated as strategically critical. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. Xinzhu: designated as fiscally strained and geographically difficult. Southwest of the prefectural seat. Yilan: designated as fiscally strained and geographically difficult. Southeast of the prefectural seat. At Touwei a county assistant magistrate was posted. Keelung subprefecture: designated as strategically critical and administratively busy. Two hundred seventy-five li northeast of the prefectural seat. Mountains within the prefecture: in the north, Datun, Shamao, and Dawulao Mountains. Northeast: Jilong Mountain, east of Keelung subprefecture. East of the prefectural city: Panshan. South: Wayao, Dajijian, and Wuzhi Mountains. Southwest: Hengshan, Jinmian, and Hutou Mountains. Southwest: Qianshan. The sea ringed the prefecture on the east, north, and west. Keelung Harbor lay northeast of Keelung subprefecture. Huwei Harbor lay northwest of the prefectural seat. The Huangxi rose in the hills south of the prefectural seat, merged with the Shitou Stream, and flowed northeast, receiving tributaries on both sides; at Fangqiao Street the Hongxian Stream and the Bajie River joined it from the west. Farther north it passed west of the prefectural seat, where the Mengjia and Shibazhong streams flowed north, turned east, and joined it. It reached Dadaocheng. The Dalongdong Stream rose at Jilong Mountain east of Keelung subprefecture, gathered a tributary, and joined from the west. Farther northwest it divided and rejoined, then entered the sea at Huwei Harbor. Nankan Harbor's upper course, the Daguo Stream, lay northwest of the prefectural seat. The Zhongli Stream, Tuniugou, Hongmao Harbor, Fengshanqi Stream, Jiugang, Youche Harbor, and Xiangshan Harbor all entered the sea northwest of Xinzhu County. Sandiao Stream lay southeast of Keelung subprefecture; Caoling Daxi, Jialiyuan Harbor, and Suao Gate—all south of Yilan County—entered the sea.
8
臺東直隸州:衝,繁,疲,難。 卑南庁改設。 西北距省治五百里。 東及南界海; 西及西北界臺灣府; 北界臺北府; 西南界臺南府。 廣袤里數闕。 北極高二十二度二十五分。 京師偏東四度。 卑南,州同駐。 花蓮港,州判駐。 其山在州境者,北:岐來山、能高山。 西:秀姑巒山。 東:丁象山。 西出八同關,為秀姑巒山一帶番社,系屬巒番所居。 西南一帶高山番社,系屬昆番所居。 大港上源曰打馬溪,出秀姑巒山,東流經治北,右合網網溪,左合一水,經奇密社北,入于海。 卑南大溪出州西南新武洛社,合三水東南流入于海。 花蓮港二源,並出州西北,合數小水,經太平廠南入于海。 東澳、南澳、大濁水溪、大清水溪、小清水溪、得其黎溪、三棧溪、尤丹溪、米侖港並在州東北,入于海。 紅蝦港、黎仔阬溪、郎阿郎溪、馬武窟溪、八里芒溪、呂家望溪、知本溪、大苗里溪、虷子侖溪、大足高溪、-{干}-子壁溪、大烏萬溪、巴塱衛溪、魯木鹿溪、牡丹灣、八磘灣並在州東南,入于海。
Taitung Directly Subordinate Prefecture: designated as strategically critical, administratively busy, fiscally strained, and geographically difficult. It was reorganized from Beinan subprefecture. It lay five hundred li northwest of the provincial capital. East and south: the sea; west and northwest: Taiwan Prefecture; north: Taipei Prefecture; southwest: Tainan Prefecture. Its dimensions in li are not recorded. Its latitude is 22°25′ north. It lies 4° east of the capital meridian. At Beinan a department subprefect was posted. At Hualian Harbor a department judge was posted. Mountains within the department: in the north, Qilai and Nenggao Mountains. West: Xiuguluan Mountain. East: Dingxiang Mountain. West of Batong Pass stretch aboriginal settlements along Xiuguluan Mountain, home to the Luan tribes. The highland aboriginal villages of the southwest were home to the Kun tribes. Dagang's upper course, the Dama Stream, rose on Xiuguluan Mountain and flowed east past the departmental seat; it received the Wangwang Stream on the right and a tributary on the left, passed north of Qimi village, and entered the sea. The Beinan Daxi rose at Xinwuluo village in the department's southwest, gathered three tributaries, and flowed southeast into the sea. Hualian Harbor rose in two branches from the department's northwest, gathered several tributaries, passed south of Taiping station, and entered the sea. Dongao, Nanao, the Dazhuoshui, Daqingshui, and Xiaoqingshui streams, the Dedeli and Sanzhan streams, the Youdan Stream, and Milun Harbor—all in the department's northeast—entered the sea. Hongxia Harbor, the Lizaihang, Langalang, Mawuku, Balimang, Lujiawang, Zhiben, Damiaoli, Haizilun, Dazugao, Ganzi, Dawuwan, Balangwei, and Lumulu streams, and Mudan and Babian bays—all in the department's southeast—entered the sea.