Volume 73 Treatises 48: Geography 20, Guangxi

志四十八

Treatise 48

地理二十

Geography 20

廣西

Guangxi

廣西：禹貢荊州南徼之域。元置廣西等處行中書省，明改承宣布政使司。清初建省，置巡撫、布政共治焉。置兩廣總督。康熙二年，廣東西分設總督，四年復故。雍正元年，復分設，明年復合。六年，以雲貴總督兼轄廣西。十二年，仍復故，駐廣東肇慶府，後移治廣州府。初領府九。桂林、柳州、慶遠、思恩、平樂、梧州、潯州、南寧、太平。順治十五年，升泗城土州為府，尋改為軍民府。雍正三年，升鬱林、賓州為直隸州。五年，泗城復為府。七年，置鎮安府。十二年，降賓州隸思恩府，升西隆州為直隸州。乾隆七年，降西隆州隸泗城府。光緒元年，升百色廳為直隸廳。十二年，升歸順州為直隸州。十八年，升上思州為直隸廳。東北距京師七千四百六十里。東至湖南道州；三百七十里。西至貴州普安；二千五百五十里。南至廣東信宜；九百四十里。北至湖南城步縣；三百二十里。廣二千八百十里，袤二千九百六十里。宣統三年，編戶百二十七萬四千五百四十四，口八百七十四萬六千七百四十七。領府十一，直隸廳二，直隸州二，廳八，州十五，縣四十九，土州二十四，土縣四，土司十三。在慶遠者曰長官司。其名山：越城、臨賀、句漏、陽海、大容。其巨川：灕江、黔江、鬱江、湘江。驛道：東北逾越城嶠達湖南永州；西南逾崑崙關達龍州；東南達廣東封川。電線：東北達長沙，東南達廣州，西通慶遠。鐵路：自龍州出鎮南關達安南諒山。

Guangxi lay within the southern frontier of Jing Province as recorded in the Yu Gong. Under the Yuan, the Branch Secretariat of Guangxi and other regions was established; the Ming replaced it with a Provincial Administration Commission. In the early Qing the region was organized as a province, with a governor and provincial administration commissioner sharing its governance. The Governor-General of the Two Guangs was appointed. In Kangxi 2, Guangdong and Guangxi were given separate governors-general; in year 4 the joint post was restored. In Yongzheng 1 the offices were split once more, only to be reunited the next year. In year 6, Guangxi was placed under the concurrent jurisdiction of the Governor-General of Yunnan-Guizhou. In year 12 the old arrangement was restored; the headquarters were first at Zhaoqing Prefecture in Guangdong and later moved to Guangzhou Prefecture. At first it administered nine prefectures. Guilin, Liuzhou, Qingyuan, Si'en, Pingle, Wuzhou, Xunzhou, Nanning, and Taiping. In Shunzhi 15, Sicheng Native Prefecture was elevated to prefectural status and soon reorganized as a military-civilian prefecture. In Yongzheng 3, Yulin and Binzhou were raised to directly administered departments. In year 5, Sicheng was restored to prefectural status. In year 7, Zhen'an Prefecture was created. In year 12, Binzhou was reduced in rank and placed under Si'en Prefecture, while Xilong Department was promoted to a directly administered department. In Qianlong 7, Xilong Department was reduced in rank and subordinated to Sicheng Prefecture. In Guangxu 1, Baise Subprefecture was raised to a directly administered subprefecture. In year 12, Guishun Department was elevated to a directly administered department. In year 18, Shangsi Department was raised to a directly administered subprefecture. It lay 7,460 li northeast of the capital. To the east it reached Daozhou in Hunan; 370 li. To the west it reached Pu'an in Guizhou; 2,550 li. To the south it reached Xinyi in Guangdong; 940 li. To the north it reached Chengbu County in Hunan; 320 li. It measured 2,810 li from east to west and 2,960 li from north to south. By the third year of the Xuantong reign, registered households totaled 1,274,544 and the population 8,746,747. It comprised eleven prefectures, two directly administered subprefectures, two directly administered departments, eight subprefectures, fifteen departments, forty-nine counties, twenty-four native prefectures, four native counties, and thirteen native chieftaincies. Those stationed in Qingyuan were known as chief-rank native chieftain offices. Its notable mountains were Yuecheng, Linhe, Goulo, Yanghai, and Darong. Its major rivers were the Li, Qian, Yu, and Xiang. Postal routes ran northeast over Yuecheng Pass to Yongzhou in Hunan; southwest over Kunlun Pass to Longzhou; and southeast to Fengchuan in Guangdong. Telegraph lines ran northeast to Changsha, southeast to Guangzhou, and west to Qingyuan. A railway ran from Longzhou through Zhennan Pass to Lang Son in Annam.

桂林府：沖，繁，難。隸桂平梧郁道。巡撫，布政、提學、提法，勸業、巡警道駐。光緒三十二年，桂平梧郁兼管鹽法道，徙駐梧州。提督徙駐南寧。明洪武五年，改靜江府為桂林府，領州二，縣七。順治初，因明舊為省治。乾隆六年，析義寧縣地置龍勝廳。光緒三十二年，析永寧州永福、融、柳城、雒容四縣地置中渡廳。廣二百五十里，袤三百里。北極高二十五度十三分。京師偏西六度十四分。領廳一，州二，縣七。臨桂沖，繁，難。倚。明府治因之。內：桂山、獨秀。城東：七星。南：南溪。西：隱山。東北：駮鹿。灕水一曰桂江，省境西江北岸第二大受渠也。自靈川入，西南流，經府治，合陽江。屈而東南，右受靈建水，又東與秋陂江合。屈東南流，乖水西流注之，南入陽朔。西：白石江，上源曰義江，自義寧入，經縣西南入永福。相思江出縣南臥石山，南注分水塘，歧為二：東出者與浪石江合，入灕江；西出者與繞江合，入白石江。南，六塘堡有汛。同知駐大墟，光緒三十二年徙中渡。西南，蘇橋巡司；南，六塘巡司。驛一：東江。興安沖，繁。府東北百三十四里。東北：越城嶺，一曰始安嶠，五嶺在廣西北境者二，此其最西嶺也。東南：龍蟠山。西南：鬱金山。海陽江即湘、漓二水源也，出靈川，右受石梯山水，左受太平堡水，又東北，經治東分水塘，歧為二，西南流者為灕水，東北流者為湘水。湘水自治東東北流，右受莫川，入全州。灕水經治北曰陡河，西流折南，至興隆市，六峒江合黃柏江、華江、川江、反璧江為大融江，自西北來注，西南入靈川。西北：小融江，出戴雲山，東南流，亦入靈川。全州營分防汛駐城。西北有泍水汛。社水巡司。鹽砂、唐家二寨廢司。驛一：白雲。靈川沖，難。府東北五十里。北：北障山。東南：堯山。西：呂仙。北：鳳皇。東南：陽海山，海陽江出，繞興安城西南流為灕水，復經縣東北曰靈江。合小融江，又西南至治東，右受潞江，左受淦水，西南合甘棠江入臨桂。甘棠江自興安入，經縣西北曰東江，東南流，合西江，又南，松木江合流風江東流注之。經龍岩，諸水匯岩下，伏流而南，左受社江，曲流入靈江。有帶融南北二堰，引潞江溉田二千餘頃。西，塘下有鎮。全州營分防汛駐。驛一：大龍。陽朔沖。府南少東百五十四里。北：陽朔山。西北：雲源。西：都利。南，古羅。灕水自臨桂入，東南流，興平、熙平二水西流注之。屈曲南流，至治東折東，安樂、歸義二水東北流注之。左受白鶴山水，東南入平樂。西，金寶堡，明置戍。康熙八年，游擊駐防，後廢。桂林營分防汛駐城。東北有鉛寶塘汛，有水汛。驛一：古祚。永寧州簡。府西百四十里。東：百壽岩，東北：都狼。北：銀瓶山，白馬江經其下。東江一曰黃源水，出龍勝西南；經州北，東南流，至江口村，白馬江合大岩江、風門隘、茫洞江諸水，東北流，經治東注之，東南入臨桂境，折入永福，會白石江。富河江出州西南古河山；東南流，經高坡，伏流，至蒲台寨西復出，合大洋江，西南錯入中渡曰中渡江，即雒容水也。西南桐木、富祿、南常安三鎮。永寧營駐城。西南安良、屯秋，南常安，有汛。南喇峒巡司。永福沖。府西南百里。明初屬府。後屬永寧州。順治初改屬府。西南：金山，與馬芒山對峙，江流經其中。又太和山濱江。西：白石江自臨桂入，北經治東曰永福江，毛江合泗定河西北流注之。東江亦自臨桂入，合西江東流注之。西南流，受荔容水，入雒容為洛清江。石流江，上源曰四牌溪，自修仁流經縣東南，折而西，亦入雒容。西南：蘭麻山，俗呼攔馬山，攔馬水所出，東入永福江。山路險絕。有蘭麻鎮。桂林營左哨駐城。南寨沙、西南理定、黃冕、鹿寨有汛。縣丞駐鹿寨。驛二：三里、橫塘。義寧難。府西北八十二里。明初屬府。後屬永寧州。順治初改屬。西南：華嚴山、靈鷟。西北：智慧。北：丁嶺，義江出，南流，右受觀音田山、江頭嶺北諸山溪水，又南，智慧江合高家山水東南流注之。經治西，左受石豪江，南入臨桂為白石江。西北舊有桑江口廢司。乾隆六年，以所屬置龍勝通判。東：楊梅關。義寧協左營分防汛駐城。南有大嶺汛。全州沖，繁，難。府東北二百五十四里。東：黃華山。西：覆釜、湘山、禮山。西北有七十二峰，州西諸水多濫觴山麓。湘水自興安入，右受建安鄉水，又東北，四溪源、大朝源水合為長亭江，北流注之。經治南，灌江自灌陽北流注之。羅水承萬鄉、寨墟、大會三水，東南流注之。又東北，宜湘河合橫溪、梓溪、鍋頭、玉升諸源水，西北入湖南零陵。西延水出州西，東北合眾小水，入湖南新寧。西延鎮，州同駐。有山角、山棗二巡司。康熙二十五年，改置全州營，駐城。黃沙、西延並有汛。驛一：零陵。灌陽難。府東北三百六十四里。明屬全州。順治初改屬。東北：麒麟山。東南：三峰山。西南：賚子山。灌江，古觀水，出縣西南仙人掌諸山，合牛江，至黃牛市，鹽川承賚子諸山水，東南流注之。又東北，右受澥江水，經治東，左受龍川水，馬渡江承烏石江、黑岩水，東南流注之，北入全州，合於湘水。東北石櫃、永安，北昭義有關。全州營分防汛駐城。北：巨岩堡汛。西南：崇順里巡司。龍勝廳要。府西北二百十七里。明，義寧縣地。乾隆六年，析義寧西北地置，改龍勝理苗通判。東南：龍脊山。西南：大羅山。貝子溪自湖南城步入，西南流，右合芙蓉溪，經治北，左受牛脛溪、平水江，又西北，南平江合西南諸水北流注之。太平溪亦自城步入，合獨車溪，西南流注之，西入懷遠，是為潯江。有義寧協左營駐防副將駐，右營分防。西北廣南、城北小江、獨車，東北龍甸、芙蓉、貝子，西瓢里，西北石村有汛。西：廣南巡司。又有龍勝巡司，本桑江，改駐城。中渡廳要。府西南百二十里。光緒三十年，剿平四十八峒匪，以桂林同知帶兵移駐峒內。三十二年，析永寧、永福、融、柳城、雒容地置，四十八峒俱入轄境。改桂林同知為中渡撫民同知，仍屬府。中渡江上源即富河江，自永寧入，東北受北來一水，折東南，經治東，受西來一水，東至永福曰雒容水，入永福江。有保安營駐防。西：平山巡司，光緒三十二年，以原駐中渡平樂司改置，移駐峒內平山墟。

Guilin Prefecture: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. It fell under the Guiping-Wuzhou-Yulin Circuit Intendancy. The governor, the provincial administration, education, and judicial commissioners, and the industry promotion and police circuit intendants were all stationed here. In Guangxu 32, the Guiping-Wuzhou-Yulin Circuit was given concurrent jurisdiction over salt administration and relocated to Wuzhou. The regional commander was relocated to Nanning. In Hongwu 5 of the Ming, Jingjiang Prefecture was renamed Guilin Prefecture, governing two departments and seven counties. In the early Shunzhi reign it continued the Ming arrangement as provincial capital. In Qianlong 6, land was taken from Yining County to establish Longsheng Subprefecture. In Guangxu 32, land from Yongfu, Rong, Liucheng, and Luorong counties in Yongning Department was carved out to create Zhongdu Subprefecture. It measured 250 li from east to west and 300 li from north to south. Its latitude was 25°13′ north. It lay 6°14′ west of the capital. It comprised one subprefecture, two departments, and seven counties. Lingui: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Seat of the prefecture. It had served as the Ming prefectural seat. Within the city were Mount Gui and Duxiu. East of the city stood Qixing. To the south was Nanxi. To the west was Yinshan. To the northeast was Bailu. The Li River, also known as the Gui River, was the province's second largest tributary on the north bank of the Xijiang. Entering from Lingchuan, it flowed southwest past the prefectural seat and joined the Yang River. It bent southeast, received the Lingjian River on the right, then turned east to merge with the Qiubo River. Turning southeast, it received the Guaishui flowing in from the west and continued south into Yangshuo. To the west, the Baishi River—whose upper reaches were called the Yi River—entered from Yining, passed through the county's southwest, and flowed into Yongfu. The Xiangsi River rose south of Woshi Mountain in the county's south, flowed south into Fenshuipond, and split in two: the eastern branch joined the Langshi River and entered the Li River; the western branch joined the Rao River and entered the Baishi River. To the south, Liutang Fort had a garrison post. The sub-prefect was stationed at Daxu until Guangxu 32, when he was transferred to Zhongdu. Southwest: the Suqiao Circuit Intendant office; south: the Liutang Circuit Intendant office. One postal station: Dongjiang. Xing'an: strategically important and busy. It lay 134 li northeast of the prefectural seat. Northeast stood Yuecheng Ridge, also called Shi'an Pass—the westernmost of the two Five Ridges in northern Guangxi. Southeast: Longpan Mountain. Southwest: Yujin Mountain. The Haiyang River was the source of both the Xiang and Li rivers. Rising in Lingchuan, it received Shitishan water on the right and Taiping Fort water on the left, then flowed northeast past the east of the seat to Fenshuipond, where it divided: the southwestern branch became the Li River and the northeastern branch the Xiang River. The Xiang River flowed northeast from the east of the seat, received the Mochuan on the right, and entered Quanzhou. The Li River passed north of the seat as the Dou River, flowed west and then bent south to Xinglong Market, where the Liudong River—joined by the Huangbai, Hua, Chuan, and Fanbi rivers to form the Darong River—entered from the northwest; the combined stream then continued southwest into Lingchuan. Northwest, the Xiao Rong River rose from Daiyun Mountain, flowed southeast, and likewise entered Lingchuan. The Quanzhou battalion garrison was posted in the city. To the northwest was a garrison post at Fenshui. Sheshui Circuit Intendant office. The Yansha and Tangjia fort garrison Circuit Intendant offices had been abolished. One postal station: Baiyun. Lingchuan: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 50 li northeast of the prefectural seat. North: Beizhang Mountain. Southeast: Yaoshan. West: Lüxian. North: Fenghuang. Southeast stood Yanghai Mountain, where the Haiyang River rose, flowed around the southwest of Xing'an city as the Li River, and then passed northeast through the county as the Ling River. It joined the Xiao Rong River, flowed southwest to the east of the seat, received the Lu River on the right and the Gan River on the left, then merged southwest with the Gantang River and entered Lingui. The Gantang River entered from Xing'an, passed through the county's northwest as the Dong River, flowed southeast and joined the Xi River; farther south, the Songmu River merged with the Liufeng River flowing east to join it. Passing Longyan, the waters gathered beneath the rock, flowed underground southward, received the She River on the left, and curved into the Ling River. The Dairong north and south irrigation weirs diverted the Lu River to irrigate more than 2,000 qing of farmland. To the west, Tangxia had a market town. A detachment of the Quanzhou battalion garrison was posted here. One postal station: Dalong. Yangshuo: strategically important. It lay 154 li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. North: Yangshuo Mountain. Northwest: Yunyuan. West: Duli. South: Gulu. The Li River entered from Lingui and flowed southeast, receiving the Xingping and Xiping rivers from the west. It wound southward, turned east at the east of the seat, and received the Anle and Guiyi rivers flowing in from the northeast. Receiving Baiheshan water on the left, it continued southeast into Pingle. To the west stood Jinbao Fort, where a garrison had been established in the Ming. In Kangxi 8 a mobile detachment commander was posted there, but the garrison was later abolished. A detachment of the Guilin battalion garrison was posted in the city. To the northeast were garrison posts at Qianbaotang and Shuishui. One postal station: Guzuo. Yongning Department: administratively simple. It lay 140 li west of the prefectural seat. East: Baishou Rock; northeast: Dulang. North stood Yinping Mountain, with the Baima River passing beneath it. The Dong River, also known as the Huangyuan River, rose in the southwest of Longsheng; it passed north of the department and flowed southeast to Jiangkou Village, where the Baima River—joined by the Dayan, Fengmen'ai, and Mangdong rivers—flowed northeast past the east of the seat to merge with it; the combined stream then entered Lingui, turned into Yongfu, and joined the Baishi River. The Fuhe River rose from Guhe Mountain in the department's southwest; it flowed southeast past Gaopo, ran underground, re-emerged west of Putai Fort, joined the Dayang River, and zigzagged southwest into Zhongdu as the Zhongdu River—the waters of Luorong. Southwest lay the market towns of Tongmu, Fulu, and Nanchang'an. The Yongning battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts were maintained at Anliang and Tunqiu to the southwest and at Nanchang'an. Nanladong Circuit Intendant office. Yongfu: strategically important. It lay 100 li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the early Ming it fell under the prefecture. Later it was placed under Yongning Department. In the early Shunzhi it was restored to prefectural jurisdiction. Southwest stood Jinshan, facing Mamang Mountain across the river that flowed between them. Taihe Mountain also stood along the riverbank. To the west, the Baishi River entered from Lingui and passed north of the east of the seat as the Yongfu River, where the Mao River—joined by the Siding River from the northwest—flowed in to join it. The Dong River likewise entered from Lingui, merged with the Xi River, and flowed east to join it. Flowing southwest, it received the Lirong water and entered Luorong as the Luoqing River. The Shiliu River—whose upper reaches were called the Sipai Stream—flowed from Xiuren through the county's southeast, turned west, and likewise entered Luorong. Southwest stood Lanma Mountain, popularly known as the Horse-blocking Mountain; the Lanma water rose there and flowed east into the Yongfu River. The mountain road was treacherous in the extreme. Lanma had a market town. The left wing of the Guilin battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts were maintained at Zhaisha to the south and at Liding, Huangmian, and Luzhai to the southwest. The assistant magistrate was posted at Luzhai. Two postal stations: Sanli and Hengtang. Yining: difficult to administer. It lay 82 li northwest of the prefectural seat. In the early Ming it fell under the prefecture. Later it was placed under Yongning Department. In the early Shunzhi it was restored to prefectural jurisdiction. Southwest: Huayan Mountain and Lingzhu. Northwest: Zhihui. North rose Ding Ridge, where the Yi River originated and flowed south, receiving stream water from Guanyintian Mountain and the northern slopes of Jiangtou Ridge on the right; farther south, the Zhihui River merged with Gaojiashan water flowing in from the southeast. Passing west of the seat and receiving the Shihao River on the left, it continued south into Lingui as the Baishi River. To the northwest had once stood the abolished Sangjiangkou Circuit Intendant office. In Qianlong 6, its subordinate territory was carved out to establish a Longsheng sub-prefect. East: Yangmei Pass. A detachment of the left battalion of the Yining Brigade garrison was posted in the city. To the south was a garrison post at Daling. Quanzhou: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. It lay 254 li northeast of the prefectural seat. East: Huanghua Mountain. West: Fufu, Xiangshan, and Lishan. Northwest stood seventy-two peaks, and most of the waters west of the department rose from the mountain foothills. The Xiang River entered from Xing'an and received Jian'an township water on the right; farther northeast, the Sixiyuan and Dachaoyuan waters merged to form the Changting River, which flowed north to join it. Passing south of the seat, it received the Guan River flowing north from Guanyang. The Luo River, fed by the Wanxiang, Zhaixu, and Dahui rivers, flowed southeast to join it. Farther northeast, the Yixiang River—joined by the Hengxi, Zixi, Guotou, and Yusheng source waters—continued northwest into Lingling in Hunan. The Xiyan River rose west of the department, flowed northeast gathering numerous small streams, and entered Xinning in Hunan. At Xiyan market town the department vice magistrate was posted. There were Circuit Intendant offices at Shanjiao and Shanzao. In Kangxi 25 the Quanzhou battalion garrison was established and posted in the city. Garrison posts were maintained at both Huangsha and Xiyan. One postal station: Lingling. Guanyang: difficult to administer. It lay 364 li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it fell under Quanzhou. In the early Shunzhi it was transferred to prefectural jurisdiction. Northeast: Qilin Mountain. Southeast: Sanfeng Mountain. Southwest: Laizi Mountain. The Guan River, anciently known as the Guanshui, rose from the Xianrenzhang and other mountains in the county's southwest, joined the Niu River, and reached Huangniu Market, where the Yanchuan—fed by Laizi and other mountain waters—flowed southeast to join it. Flowing farther northeast, it received the Xiejiang River on the right, passed east of the seat, and received the Longchuan River on the left; the Madu River—fed by the Wushi and Heiyan waters—flowed southeast to join it, then the combined stream entered Quanzhou to the north and merged with the Xiang River. Northeast lay Shigui and Yong'an; to the north Zhaoyi had a pass. A detachment of the Quanzhou battalion garrison was posted in the city. North: garrison post at Juyan Fort. Southwest: Chongshunli Circuit Intendant office. Longsheng Subprefecture: important. It lay 217 li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had been part of Yining County. In Qianlong 6, northwestern territory was taken from Yining to establish the subprefecture, with a sub-prefect for Miao affairs at Longsheng. Southeast: Longji Mountain. Southwest: Daluo Mountain. The Beizi Stream entered from Chengbu in Hunan and flowed southwest, joining the Furong Stream on the right; passing north of the seat, it received the Niujing Stream and Pingshui River on the left, and farther northwest the Nanping River—joined by waters from the southwest—flowed north to merge with it. The Taiping Stream likewise entered from Chengbu, merged with the Duche Stream, and flowed southwest to join it; continuing west into Huaiyuan, it became the Xun River. The Yining Brigade maintained a deputy general with the left battalion garrison and a separate defensive detachment from the right battalion. Garrison posts were maintained at Guangnan, Chengbexiaojiang, and Duche to the northwest; at Longdian, Furong, and Beizi to the northeast; at Piaoli to the west; and at Shicun to the northwest. West: Guangnan Circuit Intendant office. There was also a Longsheng Circuit Intendant office, originally based at Sangjiang, which was relocated to the city seat. Zhongdu Subprefecture was important. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefectural seat. In Guangxu 30, after the Forty-eight Dong bandits were suppressed, the Guilin sub-prefect moved in with troops to establish his headquarters within the dong territory. In Guangxu 32, land from Yongning, Yongfu, Rong, Liucheng, and Luorong was carved out to establish it, bringing all forty-eight dong under its jurisdiction. The Guilin sub-prefect was redesignated the Zhongdu sub-prefect for civil administration, while remaining under the prefecture. The Zhongdu River rose as the Fuhe River from Yongning, flowed northeast to receive a northern tributary, turned southeast past the east of the seat and received a western tributary, and eastward toward Yongfu was known as the Luorong waters before joining the Yongfu River. The Bao'an Battalion maintained a defensive garrison. West: the Pingshan Circuit Intendant office; in Guangxu 32 the former Pingle office at Zhongdu was reestablished and relocated to Pingshan Market within the dong territory.

柳州府：沖，難。右江道駐，府隸焉。明洪武元年為府，領州二，領縣十。順治初，因明舊為府。雍正三年，升賓州為直隸州，以府屬之來賓、武宣、遷江、上林四縣隸之。十二年，降賓州隸思恩府，來賓還屬。有柳慶鎮標左右營、柳州城守營駐防。提督舊駐府，光緒十二年移駐龍州，置柳慶鎮總兵官駐。光緒末年廢。東北距省治三百六十里。廣百五十里，袤五百里。北極高二十四度二十一分。京師偏西六度五十七分。領州一，縣七。馬平沖，繁，難。倚。明府治，因之。城東北隅：鵲山。南：仙奕、石魚。東南：甑山。東北：龍壁山。柳江即黔江，省境西江北岸第一大受渠也。自柳城入，南與五都水合。屈東南，繞府治西、南、東三面，東北經橫瀨山麓，左界雒容。復西南，三江出縣西，伏流，至雞公山北復出，東北流注之。東流，左受洛清江，折南入象州為象江，穿山水從之。東新興、西樟木有鎮。東振柳、東南白沙、西北洛滿塘、南穿山、西南三都墟、雞公山有汛。穿山、三都二巡司。驛二：雷塘、穿山。雒容沖，難。府東北六十里。光緒三十二年，劃長盛坳以北地屬中渡廳。西：橫瀨山。西北：八角嶺。西南：獨靜山。南有柳江，緣界東流入象州。洛清江自永福流入縣東北，西南流，左受山道江，經治南，屈曲東南流，注柳江。柳慶鎮左營分防汛駐城。西洛垢墟、西南高嶺、南豐軌鄉有汛。東南有江口鎮巡司，因明舊置。羅城難。府西北百四十里。東北：覆鍾。北：青陵、磨盤山。東：大小蒙山。西：九萬山。武陽江舊名歸順水，有二源，一出西北平西里，一出東北高懸里，合於寺門墟，東南入融江。大仁江一曰通道江，源出西北大仁崗，東流，經三防司北，東入融縣曰背江。融懷營分防汛駐城。北：通道汛。通道舊有鎮，當萬山中，多瘴癘。明置巡司，乾隆五十一年改為三防塘主簿。又武陽鎮巡司，因明舊置。柳城簡。府北七十里。南：烏鸞。西南：青鳳。東：伏虎山。北：融江自融縣流入縣北曰柳江，東南流，沙鋪水出融縣思管鎮，西南流注之。洛澰河出中渡黃泥村，西流注之。經治西，會龍江，南入馬平。柳慶鎮右營分防汛駐城。東北山嘴汛、西北古砦鎮二巡司，因明舊置。驛三：馬頭、東江、羅江。懷遠沖，難。府北三百十里。北：白雲、龍頂、九曲。東北：林溪。西北：朝萬山。西：溶江，上源曰黔江，自貴州永從入縣西北曰福祿江。東流，合蔡江、大年河、南江，又東，左受腮江、孟團江，折南受潯江。經治北，歧為二，繞至治南復合，入融縣。潯江，即貝子溪下流也，自龍勝入，西南流，左受斗江，右受石眼江，西南注福祿江。融懷營駐城。西北石牌塘、沈口有汛。東北潯江、西北萬石有鎮。梅寨巡司。古宜甲主簿。驛一：在城。來賓沖，難。府南百八十五里。明屬府。雍正三年改屬直隸賓州，十二年還屬。北：龍鎮山、瑞象。東北：鵝頭。東南：金峰山。城南大江即紅水江，一曰都泥江，西江幹流也，自遷江入，東北流，左受北三江，至城南，白馬溪出白牛峒，北流注之。又東北，右受觀音山水，左受定清水，復折東南，與象江會，曰潭江，入武宣。東：蓬萊鎮。賓州營分防汛駐城。東南：平安汛。有界牌巡司，因明舊置。驛一：在城。融沖，難。府西北二百五十里。西南：真仙岩，一曰老君洞。西北：攬口山。東北：老鴉山。福祿江自懷遠入，左受寶江，曰融江，西南流，浪溪江自永寧來，合南江，西流注之。又西南，背江上承三源，其一即羅城通道江也，合於三江門，東南流注之。經治東，西南流，左受清流江，右受高橋江，合羅城之武陽江，南入柳城。南：清流鎮。融懷營分防汛駐城。東南思管鎮、東北長安鎮二巡司，因明舊置。象州沖。府東南百五十里。西：象山。又西：西山。南：獨傲。東：雷山。東北：聖塘山。北：象江即柳江，自馬平入州。北，運江，上承仁義、下里二江，西流注之。折西而南，經治西，又南，古城江自武宣來，西流注之，南入武宣。甕嶺，城東南，熱水江所出，一曰十里江，溉田其廣，西北入象江。柳慶鎮左營分防汛駐城。東北：大樂汛。龍門寨巡司，因明舊置。驛一：象台。

Liuzhou Prefecture: strategically important and difficult to administer. The Youjiang Circuit Intendancy was stationed here, and the prefecture fell under its jurisdiction. In Hongwu 1 of the Ming it was established as a prefecture governing two departments and ten counties. In the early Shunzhi reign it continued as a prefecture under the Ming arrangement. In Yongzheng 3, Bin Department was elevated to directly administered status, and Laibin, Wuxuan, Qianjiang, and Shanglin—the four counties formerly under the prefecture—were transferred to its jurisdiction. In Yongzheng 12, Bin Department was reduced and placed under Si'en Prefecture, and Laibin was restored to Liuzhou's jurisdiction. The left and right battalions of the Liuqing Brigade standard garrison and the Liuzhou city defense battalion maintained defensive posts. The regional commander had formerly been posted in the prefectural seat; in Guangxu 12 he relocated to Longzhou, and a brigade major-general of Liuqing was stationed there in his place. The post was abolished in the late Guangxu period. It lay 360 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 150 li from east to west and 500 li from north to south. Its latitude was 24°21′ north. It lay 6°57′ west of the capital. It comprised one department and seven counties. Maping: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. It served as seat of the prefecture. It had served as the Ming prefectural seat. Northeast of the city wall: Queshan. To the south: Xianyi and Shiyu. To the southeast lay Zengshan. To the northeast lay Longbi Mountain. The Liu River was the Qian River—the largest tributary on the north bank of the provincial Xijiang. It entered from Liucheng and flowed south to merge with the Wudu River. Bending southeast, it wrapped the prefectural seat on the west, south, and east, passed northeast along the foot of Henglai Mountain with Luorong on its left bank. Turning southwest again, the San River rose west of the county, ran underground, re-emerged north of Jigong Mountain, and flowed northeast to join it. Flowing east, it received the Luoqing River on the left, turned south into Xiang Department as the Xiang River, and threaded through the mountains and waters as it went. Xinxing lay to the east and Zhangmu to the west, each with a market town. Garrison posts were maintained at Zhenliu to the east, Baisha to the southeast, Luomantang to the northwest, Chuanshan to the south, and Sandu Market and Jigong Mountain to the southwest. It had two Circuit Intendant offices, at Chuanshan and Sandu. It maintained two postal stations: Leitang and Chuanshan. Luorong: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 60 li northeast of the prefectural seat. In Guangxu 32, land north of Changsheng Pass was transferred to Zhongdu Subprefecture. To the west lay Henglai Mountain. To the northwest lay Bajiao Ridge. To the southwest lay Dujing Mountain. The Liu River lay to the south, running along the boundary eastward into Xiang Department. The Luoqing River entered from Yongfu into the county's northeast, flowed southwest to receive the Shandao River on the left, passed south of the seat, wound southeast, and joined the Liu River. A detachment of the left battalion of the Liuqing Brigade garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts were maintained at Luogou Market to the west, Gaoling to the southwest, and Nanfenggui Township. Southeast: the Jiangkou Market Circuit Intendant office, established under the Ming arrangement. Luocheng: difficult to administer. It lay 140 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the northeast lay Fuzhong. To the north lay Qingling and Mopan Mountain. To the east lay Great and Small Meng Mountains. To the west lay Jiuwan Mountain. The Wuyang River, anciently known as the Guishun River, had two sources—one in Pingxili to the northwest and one in Gaoxuanli to the northeast—that met at Simen Market and flowed southeast into the Rong River. The Daren River, also called the Tongdao River, rose from Daren Ridge in the northwest, flowed east past the north of the Sanfang office, and entered Rong County to the east as the Beijiang. A detachment of the Ronghuai Battalion garrison was posted in the city. North: garrison post at Tongdao. Tongdao had once had a market town deep in the mountains, where miasma was rampant. A Circuit Intendant office was established in the Ming; in Qianlong 51 it was converted to a Sanfangtang registrar. There was also the Wuyang Market Circuit Intendant office, established under the Ming arrangement. Liucheng County was administratively simple. It lay 70 li north of the prefectural seat. To the south lay Wuluan. To the southwest lay Qingfeng. To the east lay Fuhu Mountain. North: the Rong River entered from Rong County into the county's north as the Liu River and flowed southeast; the Shapu River rose at Siguan Market in Rong County and flowed southwest to join it. The Luolian River rose at Huangni Village in Zhongdu and flowed west to join it. Passing west of the seat, it merged with the Long River and flowed south into Maping. A detachment of the right battalion of the Liuqing Brigade garrison was posted in the city. Two Circuit Intendant offices—Shanzui to the northeast and Guzhai Market to the northwest—were established under the Ming arrangement. It maintained three postal stations: Matou, Dongjiang, and Luojiang. Huaiyuan: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 310 li north of the prefectural seat. To the north lay Baiyun, Longding, and Jiuqu. To the northeast lay Linxi. To the northwest lay Chaowan Mountain. West: the Rong River, whose upper reaches were the Qian River, entered from Yongcong in Guizhou into the county's northwest as the Fulu River. Flowing east, it merged with the Cai, Danian, and Nan rivers; farther east it received the Sai and Mengtuan rivers on the left, then turned south to receive the Xun River. Passing north of the seat, it split into two branches, looped around to the south of the seat and rejoined, then entered Rong County. The Xun River, the lower course of the Beizi Stream, entered from Longsheng and flowed southwest, receiving the Dou River on the left and the Shiyan River on the right before joining the Fulu River to the southwest. The Ronghuai Battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts were maintained at Shipaitang and Shenkou to the northwest. Market towns lay at Xunjiang to the northeast and Wanshi to the northwest. There was a Meizhai Circuit Intendant office. There was a Guyijia registrar. It had one postal station in the city. Laibin: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 185 li south of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had belonged to the prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was transferred to directly administered Bin Department; in Yongzheng 12 it was restored to the prefecture. To the north lay Longzhen Mountain and Ruixiang. To the northeast lay Etou. To the southeast lay Jinfeng Mountain. The great river south of the city was the Hongshui River, also called the Duni River—the main stream of the Xijiang; entering from Qianjiang, it flowed northeast and received the Bei San River on the left; at the south of the city the Baima Stream rose from Bainiu Pass and flowed north to join it. Flowing farther northeast, it received the Guanyin Mountain waters on the right and the Dingqing River on the left, turned southeast again to merge with the Xiang River, and became the Tan River as it entered Wuxuan. To the east lay Penglai Market. A detachment of the Bin Department battalion garrison was posted in the city. Southeast: garrison post at Ping'an. There was a Jiepai Circuit Intendant office, established under the Ming arrangement. It had one postal station in the city. Rong County: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 250 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the southwest lay Zhenxian Cliff, also known as Laojun Cave. To the northwest lay Lankou Mountain. To the northeast lay Laoya Mountain. The Fulu River entered from Huaiyuan, received the Bao River on the left as the Rong River, and flowed southwest; the Langxi River came from Yongning, merged with the Nan River, and flowed west to join it. Farther southwest, the Beijiang River gathered three headwaters upstream; one was Luocheng's Tongdao River, which joined at Sanjiang Gate and flowed southeast into it. It passed east of the seat and flowed southwest, receiving the Qingliu River on the left and the Gaoqiao River on the right; joining Luocheng's Wuyang River, it entered Liucheng to the south. To the south lay Qingliu Garrison Town. A detachment of the Rong-Huai Battalion garrison was posted in the city. Two circuit intendant offices at Siguan Garrison Town to the southeast and Chang'an Garrison Town to the northeast were established under the Ming arrangement. Xiangzhou: strategically important. It lay 150 li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west lay Xiang Mountain. Farther west lay Xishan. To the south lay Du'ao. To the east lay Lei Mountain. To the northeast lay Shengtang Mountain. To the north the Xiang River—the Liu River—entered the department from Maping. To the north the Yun River gathered upstream the Renyi and Xiali rivers and flowed west to join it. It turned west and south, passed west of the seat, then south; the Gucheng River came from Wuxuan, flowed west to join it, and entered Wuxuan to the south. Weng Ridge, southeast of the city, was the source of the Reshui River, also called the Shili River; it irrigated fields over a wide area and entered the Xiang River to the northwest. A detachment of the left battalion of the Liu-Qing Garrison was posted in the city. To the northeast lay Dale Garrison Post. A Longmenzhai Circuit Intendant office was established under the Ming arrangement. It had one postal station at Xiangtai.

慶遠府：繁，難。隸右江道。慶遠協左營駐防副將駐。明洪武三年復為府，領州四，縣五，長官司三。順治初，因明舊。雍正七年，劃分東蘭土州，同升東蘭土州為州，設流官。十年，改河池州屬之荔波縣隸貴州都勻府。光緒三十一年，置安化廳。東北距省治五百八十里。廣四百七十里，袤二百九十里。北極高二十四度三十分。京師偏西七度四十二分。領廳一，州二，縣三，土州二，土縣一，長官司三。宜山繁，難。倚。北：北山，一曰宜山，下臨龍江。南：大號、南山。西：羊角。東：小曹、大曹。西北：龍江上源曰勞村江，柳江西系也，自河池入，合東江，東南流，折北，右受馬鬃河，左受中洲小河。又東南，經府治北，合洛蒙江、思吾溪，經永順副土司南，受永順水，東至柳城合於融江。東大曹、西懷遠、東江有鎮。有白土、德勝、龍門三巡司。縣丞駐楞村。水驛二：大曹、宜陽。馬驛：德勝。天河難。府北八十五里。東：東山。北：獨俊山。西北：高寨山。東小江源出羅城，流入縣東北，合數小水，西南流，經治北，思吾溪合西北小水，東南流注之，又東南入宜山，注龍江。西南：福祿鎮。慶遠協左營分防汛駐城。河池州難。府西二百五里。北：鳳儀山，州城半枕山麓。東：都銘。南：天馬。西：吳山。東北：屏風。金城江，龍江上流也，自南丹土州入，右合秀水，經治南，伏而復出，東入宜山。洪龍江出南丹北，為中平溪，流入州西，右受坡旺水，東南入永順土司，下流為刁江。慶遠協右營駐城。州同駐三旺里。思恩難。府北百二十里。明，舊屬府。正德元年，屬河池州。順治初，改屬府。明建治歐家山。順治中，遷治清潭村，十五年仍徙歐家山。北：馬廕、紺山。南：寒山。東：三峰。東南：米嶺。環江，東江上流也，自安化入縣北，屈曲南流，經治西至宜山，注龍江。中洲小河亦自安化入，南流至宜山注龍江。慶遠協右營分防汛駐城。安化廳要。府北二百里。光緒三十一年，析思恩北境置，以宜山德勝理苗同知移駐五十二峒，改為撫民理苗同知。東北：中洲上里，接貴州古州八萬瑤山界。中洲小河自古州流入廳東北，中有沙洲，四面水繞，分上、中、下三里，悉為瑤居。環江自貴州荔波來，南流合帶溪，南入思恩。有慶遠防營駐防。東蘭州難。府西南四百四十里。雍正七年以東院內六哨改流建治。東：都夷。東南：霸陵。南：雙鳳。北：福山。西北：紅水江自那地土州入，為隘洞江，右納九曲水，又東南逕那州墟，左合平江，逕板馬墟入興隆。南丹土州府西北三百四十里。北：蓮花山、青雲峰。西北：孟英。東：金雞山。東南：三寶、羅侯。東北：勞村江自貴州荔波入，東南流，右受金城江，左界思恩，南流入河池。中平溪出州北十里許，經治東，東南流，入河池，曰洪龍江。那地土州府西北三百四里。北：黃花嶺。西北：翠靈山。又三碧、虎山。紅水江自凌雲流入州西北，左受一水，東南入東蘭。有龍泉溝，出州北黃花嶺，一州水利賴之。東蘭土州府西五百二十里。明，東蘭州地。雍正七年降土知州為州同，分轄鳳山外六哨地。北：交椅。東：十八鶴。東北：九曲。喬英墟水出州西北銀騰隘，東南流，入水雲洞，至州治北復出，經治西，至坡龍村，伏流數里，又南出，復伏流入百色。三里墟水出東北巴華村，東流，右納一水，折入東蘭。忻城土縣府南少東九十里。北：馬鞍山。西北：疊石山。紅水江自安定土司緣南界東流，右為上林界。龍塘江出永定土司，南流注之。又東南，右界遷江，左受古萬墟水，入遷江。永定長官司府南六十里。南：頭盔山。東：羅漢山。司東：鳳凰嶺。西北：龍橋江出司西北，東南流，合北來一水，南入忻城，曰龍塘江。永順正長官司府西南三百里。南：高椅山。北：西龍山。司北：多靈山。東北有泉溉田。刁江，洪龍江下流也，自河池流入司西北，東南流，經司治北，入安定土司。永順副長官司府東北四十里。永順水有二源，一自羅城入，一自柳城入，至司南合流入龍江。

Qingyuan Prefecture: busy and difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Youjiang Circuit. The deputy commander of the Qingyuan Brigade left battalion garrison was posted there. In Ming Hongwu 3 it was restored as a prefecture, administering four departments, five counties, and three native chieftaincies. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Yongzheng 7, territory was carved from Donglan Native Department; Donglan Native Department was simultaneously elevated to a regular department and staffed with appointed officials. In year 10, Libo County, formerly under Hechi Department, was transferred to Duyun Prefecture in Guizhou. In Guangxu 31, Anhua Subprefecture was established. It lay 580 li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured 470 li east to west and 290 li north to south. Its latitude was 24°30′ north. It lay 7°42′ west of the capital. It administered one subprefecture, two departments, three counties, two native departments, one native county, and three native chieftaincies. Yishan: busy and difficult to administer. It served as seat of the prefecture. To the north lay Beishan, also called Yishan, overlooking the Long River below. To the south lay Daho and Nanshan. To the west lay Yangjiao. To the east lay Xiaocao and Dacao. To the northwest the upper Long River, called the Laocun River and a western branch of the Liu River, entered from Hechi, joined the Dong River, and flowed southeast; turning north, it received the Mazong River on the right and the Zhongzhou Stream on the left. Farther southeast it passed north of the prefectural seat, joined the Luomeng River and Siwu Stream, passed south of the Yongshun deputy native chieftaincy, received the Yongshun River, and flowed east to Liucheng to merge with the Rong River. Garrison towns stood at Dacao to the east, Huaiyuan to the west, and Dongjiang. It had three circuit intendant offices at Baitu, Desheng, and Longmen. The assistant magistrate was garrisoned at Leng Village. It had two water postal stations at Dacao and Yiyang. It had a horse postal station at Desheng. Tianhe: difficult to administer. It lay 85 li north of the prefectural seat. To the east lay Dongshan. To the north lay Dujun Mountain. To the northwest lay Gaozhai Mountain. The Dongxiao River rose in Luocheng, flowed into the county's northeast, and joined several small streams; flowing southwest past the seat's north, the Siwu Stream gathered northwestern tributaries and flowed southeast to join it, then continued southeast into Yishan to enter the Long River. To the southwest lay Fulu Garrison Town. A detachment of the Qingyuan Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city. Hechi Department: difficult to administer. It lay 205 li west of the prefectural seat. To the north lay Fengyi Mountain, against whose foot the department city half reclined. To the east lay Duming. To the south lay Tianma. To the west lay Wu Mountain. To the northeast lay Pingfeng. The Jincheng River, the upper Long River, entered from Nandan Native Department, joined Xiushui on the right, passed south of the seat, sank underground and re-emerged, and entered Yishan to the east. The Honglong River rose north of Nandan as the Zhongping Stream, flowed into the department's west, received Powang Stream on the right, entered the Yongshun native chieftaincy to the southeast, and became the Diao River downstream. The Qingyuan Brigade right battalion garrison was posted in the city. The department vice-prefect was garrisoned at Sanwangli. Si'en: difficult to administer. It lay 120 li north of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had been subordinate to the prefecture. In Zhengde 1 it was placed under Hechi Department. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was reassigned to the prefecture. Under the Ming the seat was established at Oujia Mountain. Mid-Shunzhi the seat was moved to Qingtan Village; in year 15 it was moved back to Oujia Mountain. To the north lay Mayin and Ganshan. To the south lay Hanshan. To the east lay Sanfeng. To the southeast lay Mil Ridge. The Huan River, the upper Dong River, entered the county's north from Anhua, wound south past the seat's west to Yishan, and joined the Long River. The Zhongzhou Stream also entered from Anhua, flowed south to Yishan, and joined the Long River. A detachment of the Qingyuan Brigade right battalion garrison was posted in the city. Anhua Subprefecture was important. It lay 200 li north of the prefectural seat. In Guangxu 31, northern territory was carved from Si'en to establish it; the Yishan Desheng assistant prefect for Miao affairs was relocated to garrison Wushierdong and redesignated an assistant prefect for civil administration and Miao affairs. To the northeast lay Zhongzhou Shangli, which bordered the Ba Wan Yao Mountain boundary of Guzhou in Guizhou. The Zhongzhou Stream flowed from Guzhou into the subprefecture's northeast; midstream a sandbar was ringed by water on all sides and divided into upper, middle, and lower three li—all Yao settlements. The Huan River came from Libo in Guizhou, flowed south to merge with the Daixi Stream, and entered Si'en to the south. The Qingyuan defense battalion maintained a defensive garrison. Donglan Department: difficult to administer. It lay 440 li southwest of the prefectural seat. In Yongzheng 7, the six garrison posts within the eastern compound were converted to direct rule and a seat was established. To the east lay Duyi. To the southeast lay Baling. To the south lay Shuangfeng. To the north lay Fushan. To the northwest, the Hongshui River entered from the Nadi Native Department and became the Aidong River; it received the Jiuqu Stream on the right, then flowed southeast past Nazhou Market, joined the Ping River on the left, passed Banma Market, and entered Xinglong. The Nandan Native Department lay 340 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north stood Lianhua Mountain and Qingyun Peak. To the northwest lay Mengying. To the east rose Jinji Mountain. To the southeast lay Sanbao and Luohou. To the northeast, the Laocun River entered from Libo in Guizhou, flowed southeast, took in the Jincheng River on the right, marked the border with Si'en on the left, and flowed south into Hechi. The Zhongping Stream rose about ten li north of the department, passed east of the seat, flowed southeast into Hechi, and was known as the Honglong River. The Nadi Native Department lay 304 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north rose Huanghua Ridge. To the northwest stood Cuiling Mountain. Sanbi and Hushan lay nearby as well. The Hongshui River entered the department's northwest from Lingyun, took in a stream on the left, and flowed southeast into Donglan. The Longquan Ditch rose from Huanghua Ridge north of the department, and the department's irrigation depended on it. The Donglan Native Department lay 520 li west of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had been the territory of Donglan Department. In Yongzheng 7 the native prefect was reduced to an assistant prefect and charged with separately administering the six garrison posts beyond Fengshan. To the north lay Jiaoyi. To the east lay Shibaghe. To the northeast lay Jiuqu. The Qiaoying Market stream rose at Yinteng Pass northwest of the department, flowed southeast into Shuiyun Cave, re-emerged north of the seat, passed west of the seat to Polong Village, ran underground for several li, emerged again to the south, and once more flowed underground into Bose. The Sanli Market stream rose at Bahua Village in the northeast, flowed east, took in a stream on the right, and turned into Donglan. Xincheng Native County lay 90 li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the north rose Ma'an Mountain. To the northwest stood Dieshi Mountain. The Hongshui River flowed east along the southern border from Anding Native Chieftain, with Shanglin forming the boundary on the right. The Longtang River rose from Yongding Native Chieftain and flowed south to join it. Continuing southeast, it bordered Qianjiang on the right, took in the Guwan Market stream on the left, and entered Qianjiang. The Yongding Chief's Office lay 60 li south of the prefectural seat. To the south stood Toukui Mountain. To the east rose Luohan Mountain. East of the chieftain's office lay Fenghuang Ridge. To the northwest, the Longqiao River rose northwest of the chieftain's office, flowed southeast, merged with a stream from the north, entered Xincheng to the south, and was known as the Longtang River. The Yongshun Senior Chief's Office lay 300 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south stood Gaoyi Mountain. To the north rose Xilong Mountain. North of the chieftain's office stood Duoling Mountain. In the northeast a spring irrigated the fields. The Diao River, the lower reach of the Honglong River, entered the chieftain's northwest from Hechi, flowed southeast past the seat's north, and entered Anding Native Chieftain. The Yongshun Deputy Chief's Office lay 40 li northeast of the prefectural seat. The Yongshun River had two sources—one entering from Luocheng and one from Liucheng—which joined south of the chieftain's office and flowed into the Long River.

思恩府：繁，難。隸右江道。明正統四年升府，六年改軍民府，領州二，縣二，土巡檢司九。順治初，改明軍民府復為府。康熙二年，鎮安土府改流官來屬。三年，降直隸土田州來屬。五年，升安隆長官司為西隆州，上林長官司為西林縣，並來屬。雍正七年，升鎮安土府為府，以向武、都康、上映三土州隸之，析土田州置百色廳。八年，改西隆州西林縣隸泗城府。十年，改奉議州判隸鎮安府。十二年，降直隸賓州，並所領遷江、上林二縣來屬。乾隆七年，析土田州置陽萬土州判。同治九年，廢那馬土司，改置那馬廳。光緒元年，升百色廳為直隸廳，廢土田州，置恩隆縣及上林土縣、下旺土司，往屬之。五年，改陽萬土州判為恩陽州判，並屬百色直隸廳。東北距省治千百五十里。廣三百三十五里，袤二百四十里。北極高二十三度二十七分。京師偏西八度五分。領廳一，州一，縣三，土司七。土司疆域，華離甌脫。無附郭縣。東北：三台山，東溪出。西北：筆架山，西溪出。夾城而南，合為府江，入武緣。武緣繁，難。府南七十五里。明正統七年，府遷治喬利，在今治北四十里白山土司境。嘉靖七年，徙縣北止戈里之荒田驛，即今治安山。府治北：蜿蜒山。東北：大名。東：思隣山。縣東：黃道山。北：高峰嶺。府江二源，至府城南合流，左受大攬江，右受仙湖江，經治西，與南流江會。南流江自上林經縣東北，受名山、黃塘各墟水，折西南，馱淺江出縣東南，西流注之，會府江。又西南，左受那楞江，又西，右受三朝水，西南流，入隆安。思恩營駐城。府城有分防汛。西有高井寨巡司，舊駐上林土縣，乾隆十九年移駐羅墟。賓州繁，難。府東二百里。明屬柳州府。順治初因之。雍正三年升直隸州，領遷江、上林、來賓、武宣四縣。十二年降州來屬。南：仙影山。西：古漏山，古漏水所出。鎮龍山，東南七十五里。思覽江，上源曰北江，自上林流經州東北，武陵江出州南，合龍龔江曰李依江，又合丁橋江，北流注之，東入遷江，下流為清水江。丁橋江出州西南，二源合東北流，歧為二，至州治東北復合，入李依江。賓州營駐城。東：安城汛。有安城鎮巡司。驛二：在城，清水。遷江沖，難。府東少北三百二十里。明屬賓州。順治初，隸柳州府。雍正三年改屬直隸賓州，十二年來屬。北：泊鑒山。西北：雲屏。東北：蓮花。東南：牛眠、紗帽。紅水江自上林入，東南流，左受儉排水，經治北，會清水江，東入來賓。思覽江自賓州入縣南，屈曲北流，左受賀水曰清水江，北注紅水江。北三江出忻城土縣，經縣東，北流入來賓，注紅水江。東南有清水鎮。賓州營分防汛駐城北。北四墟、西洛峒有汛。西：平陽墟巡司。上林繁，難。府東百八十里。明屬賓州。順治初，隸柳州府。雍正三年改屬直隸賓州，十二年來屬。北：八角山。東北：雲凌山。東南：張光嶺。南北兩江合流，其下紅水江，經縣北，緣忻城南界，東南流入遷江。北江出縣西北清水隘，東南流，經治北，右受南江，曰鼓江。又東，匯水自縣東北二源合南流注之。又東，右受獅螺江，東南入賓州。縣丞駐三里城。乾隆三年改州同，置三里營駐焉。東鄒墟，北六便，東北喬賢墟、思吉鎮有汛。又東北周安鎮、東南思隴墟二巡司。驛一：思隴。那馬廳府西北八十五里。明，那馬土巡司。順治初因之。同治九年廢那馬土司，改置通判，仍屬府。東：岜鹿山。東南：岜顏山。西南：蘇韋山，蘇韋水出焉，北流，右受岜馬山水，北入興隆土司。西南：穠企水，出穠企山，北入舊城土司。白山土司府北八十里。舊治西南喬利墟。明末移治隴兔村。吳三桂亂，徙博結村，即今治。南：獨秀山。西南：九兒山。紅水江在北，左界安定土司，東北流，入忻城，合姑娘江，屈東南入上林。興隆土司府北七十里。西南：七首山。西北：天堂嶺。紅水江自都陽土司境南流入司西北，右界恩隆。折東南，經都陽土司南、舊城土司東北，復入司境。又東北，右受那馬水，羅墟、喬利墟水合西流注之，北入白山、安定二土司界。定羅土司府西九十里。北：羅漢山。東北：五更。架溪出舊城土司，東南流，至五更山，右受一水，伏流，經那馬合穠企水，至舊城貢村墟入紅水江。舊城土司府西北百五十里。北：八峰山。東北：崠嶁山。紅水江界司東北境，穠企水流合焉。那感水出治前，南流入武緣。都陽土司府西北二百八十五里。北：岜皁山。南：強山。西：寶珠岩。紅水江界恩隆境入司西南，屈東北，右受北來一水，東南入興隆土司。古零土司府東北八十里。南：紗帽、象山。東北：獅子山。古旺墟水出司東局董村，東南流入龍洞，復出，經古旺墟，至上林注匯水。安定土司府北百六十里。北：大察山。東南：八仙山。紅水江自興隆土司北流，經司東南，合九鄧墟水，逕滅蠻關入，左納刁江，折東南入上林。匹夫關。

Si'en Prefecture: busy and difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Youjiang Circuit. In Ming Zhengtong 4 it was promoted to a prefecture; in year 6 it became a military-civilian prefecture governing two departments, two counties, and nine native inspectorate offices. In early Shunzhi the Ming military-civilian prefecture was restored to an ordinary prefecture. In Kangxi 2 Zhen'an Native Prefecture was converted to direct rule and placed under its jurisdiction. In year 3 the directly governed Tujian Native Department was demoted and placed under its jurisdiction. In year 5 Anlong Chief's Office was promoted to Xilong Department, Shanglin Chief's Office to Xilin County, and both were placed under its jurisdiction. In Yongzheng 7 Zhen'an Native Prefecture was elevated to a full prefecture, with Xiangwu, Dukang, and Shangying native departments placed under it, while Bose Subprefecture was carved out of Tujian Native Department. In year 8 Xilong Department and Xilin County were transferred to Sipu Prefecture. In year 10 the Fengyi subprefectural judge was placed under Zhen'an Prefecture. In year 12 directly governed Bin Department was demoted and placed under its jurisdiction along with Qianjiang and Shanglin, the two counties it had governed. In Qianlong 7 Yangwan native subprefecture was carved out of Tujian Native Department. In Tongzhi 9 the Nama native chieftain was abolished and replaced with Nama Subprefecture. In Guangxu 1 Bose Subprefecture was promoted to direct subprefectural status; Tujian Native Department was abolished; Enlong County, Shanglin Native County, and Xiwang Native Chieftain were created and placed under it. In year 5 Yangwan native subprefecture was reconstituted as the Enyang subprefectural judge and placed under Bose Direct Subprefecture. It lay 1,150 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 335 li from east to west and 240 li from north to south. Its latitude was 23°27′ north. It lay 8°05′ west of the capital. It comprised one subprefecture, one department, three counties, and seven native chieftaincies. The native chieftain domains were fragmented and interspersed with detached enclaves. It had no attached county at the prefectural seat. To the northeast stood Santai Mountain, source of the East Stream. To the northwest rose Bijia Mountain, source of the West Stream. Flanking the city on the south, they joined to form the Prefecture River and flowed into Wuyuan. Wuyuan: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 75 li south of the prefectural seat. In Ming Zhengtong 7 the prefecture moved its seat to Qiaoli, forty li north of the present seat in Baishan Native Chieftain territory. In Jiajing 7 the county seat was relocated north to Huangtian Post in Zhigeli—present-day Zhian Mountain. North of the prefectural seat stood Wanyan Mountain. To the northeast lay Daming. To the east rose Silin Mountain. East of the county stood Huangdao Mountain. To the north rose Gaofeng Ridge. The Prefecture River rose from two sources that joined south of the prefectural city, took in the Daliao River on the left and the Xianhu River on the right, passed west of the seat, and met the Nanliu River. The Nanliu River came from Shanglin through the county's northeast, took in the streams of Mingshan and Huangtang markets, turned southwest; the Tuojian River rose southeast of the county, flowed west to join it, and merged with the Prefecture River. Continuing southwest, it took in the Nalen River on the left; turning west, it received the Sanzhao Stream on the right, flowed southwest, and entered Long'an. The Si'en battalion garrison was posted in the city. The prefectural city maintained a garrison detachment. West of the city stood the Gaojingzhai Patrol Office, formerly posted at Shanglin Native County until Qianlong 19, when it was moved to Luoxu. Bin Department: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 200 li east of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had belonged to Liuzhou Prefecture. Early Shunzhi kept this arrangement. In Yongzheng 3 it was promoted to directly governed department status and governed Qianjiang, Shanglin, Laibin, and Wuxuan four counties. In year 12 the department was demoted and placed under its jurisdiction. To the south stood Xianying Mountain. To the west stood Gulou Mountain, source of the Gulou Stream. Zhenlong Mountain lay 75 li to the southeast. The Silan River, whose upper reach was called the Beijiang, flowed from Shanglin through the department's northeast; the Wuling River rose south of the department, joined the Longgong River to form the Liyi River, then merged with the Dingqiao River, flowed north to join it, entered Qianjiang to the east, and its lower course was the Qingshui River. The Dingqiao River rose southwest of the department; its two sources joined and flowed northeast, divided into two branches, rejoined northeast of the seat, and entered the Liyi River. The Bin Department battalion garrison was posted in the city. To the east was the Ancheng garrison post. It had the Ancheng Town Patrol Office. It had two postal stations: Zaicheng and Qingshui. Qianjiang: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 320 li east and slightly north of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had belonged to Bin Department. Early in Shunzhi it was placed under Liuzhou Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was reassigned to the directly governed Bin Department, and in year 12 it was placed under its jurisdiction. To the north stood Bojian Mountain. To the northwest stood Yunping. To the northeast stood Lianhua. To the southeast stood Niumian and Shamao. The Hongshui River entered from Shanglin, flowed southeast, took in Jianpai Stream on the left, passed north of the seat, joined the Qingshui River, and entered Laibin to the east. The Silan River entered the county from the south at Bin Department, meandered northward, took in He Stream on the left as the Qingshui River, and discharged north into the Hongshui River. The Beisan River rose in Xincheng Native County, passed east of the county, flowed north into Laibin, and joined the Hongshui River. Qingshui Town lay to the southeast. The Bin Department battalion's garrison detachment was posted north of the city. Garrison posts stood at Beisi Market and Xiluo dong. West of the county stood the Pingyang Market Patrol Office. Shanglin: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 180 li east of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had belonged to Bin Department. Early in Shunzhi it was placed under Liuzhou Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 it was reassigned to the directly governed Bin Department, and in year 12 it was placed under its jurisdiction. To the north stood Bajiao Mountain. To the northeast stood Yunling Mountain. To the southeast stood Zhangguang Ridge. The northern and southern rivers joined, and below them the Hongshui River passed north of the county, traced the southern border of Xincheng, and flowed southeast into Qianjiang. The Beijiang rose at Qingshui Pass in the county's northwest, flowed southeast past the north of the seat, received the Nanjiang on the right, and was called the Gu River. Farther east, the Huishui River—formed where two sources from the county's northeast joined—flowed south to enter it. Still farther east it received the Shiluo River on the right and entered Bin Department to the southeast. The assistant magistrate was posted at Sanli City. In Qianlong 3 the post was redesignated subprefectural intendant, the Sanli battalion was established, and its garrison was posted there. Garrison posts stood at Dongzou Market, north at Liubian, and northeast at Qiaoxian Market and Siji Town. Farther northeast stood Zhou'an Town and southeast Silong Market—two patrol offices. It had one postal station: Silong. The Nama subprefecture lay 85 li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it was the Nama Native Patrol Office. Early Shunzhi kept this arrangement. In Tongzhi 9 the Nama native chieftain was abolished, a surveillance intendant was appointed in its place, and it remained under the prefecture. To the east stood Balu Mountain. To the southeast stood Bayan Mountain. To the southwest stood Suwei Mountain, where the Suwei River rose, flowed north, took in Bama Mountain Stream on the right, and entered Xinglong Native Chieftain to the north. To the southwest the Nongqi Stream rose at Nongqi Mountain and entered Jiucheng Native Chieftain to the north. Baishan Native Chieftain lay 80 li north of the prefectural seat. The former seat had stood at Qiaoli Market to the southwest. At the end of the Ming the seat was moved to Longtu Village. During Wu Sangui's rebellion the seat was moved to Bojie Village—the present seat. To the south stood Duxiu Mountain. To the southwest stood Jiu'er Mountain. The Hongshui River lay to the north, marking the boundary with Anding Native Chieftain on the left; it flowed northeast into Xincheng, joined the Guniang River, and bent southeast into Shanglin. Xinglong Native Chieftain lay 70 li north of the prefectural seat. To the southwest stood Qishou Mountain. To the northwest stood Tiantang Ridge. The Hongshui River entered the chieftaincy's northwest from the south within Duyang Native Chieftain territory, with Enlong on the right boundary. It bent southeast, passed south of Duyang Native Chieftain and northeast of Jiucheng Native Chieftain, and re-entered the chieftaincy. Farther northeast it received Nama Stream on the right; the Luoxu and Qiaoli market streams joined and flowed west to enter it, then continued north into the borderlands of Baishan and Anding native chieftaincies. Dingluo Native Chieftain lay 90 li west of the prefectural seat. To the north stood Luohan Mountain. To the northeast stood Wugeng. The Jia Stream rose in Jiucheng Native Chieftain, flowed southeast to Wugeng Mountain, took in a stream on the right, ran underground, passed Nama where it joined the Nongqi Stream, and entered the Hongshui River at Gongcun Market in Jiucheng. Jiucheng Native Chieftain lay 150 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north stood Bafeng Mountain. To the northeast stood Donglou Mountain. The Hongshui River bordered the chieftaincy's northeast, where the Nongqi Stream flowed in to join it. The Nangan Stream rose before the seat and flowed south into Wuyuan. Duyang Native Chieftain lay 285 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the north stood Bazao Mountain. To the south stood Qiang Mountain. To the west stood Baozhu Rock. The Hongshui River entered the chieftaincy's southwest bordering Enlong territory, bent northeast, took in a stream from the north on the right, and flowed southeast into Xinglong Native Chieftain. Guling Native Chieftain lay 80 li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the south stood Shamao and Xiang Mountains. To the northeast stood Shizi Mountain. The Guwang Market Stream rose at Dongjucun in the chieftaincy's east, flowed southeast into Long Cave, re-emerged, passed Guwang Market, and joined the Huishui River at Shanglin. Anding Native Chieftain lay 160 li north of the prefectural seat. To the north stood Dacha Mountain. To the southeast stood Baxian Mountain. The Hongshui River flowed north from Xinglong Native Chieftain, passed the chieftaincy's southeast, joined the Jiudeng Market Stream, entered through Miemang Pass, took in the Diaojiang on the left, and bent southeast into Shanglin. Pifu Pass.

百色直隸廳：要。隸左江道。右江鎮標中左營駐防總兵官，雍正七年由泗城府皈樂墟移駐。明為州，直隸布政司。順治初，因明舊為土田州。康熙三年，改屬思恩府，隸右江道。雍正七年，遷思恩府理苗同知原駐武緣。駐百色，曰百色廳。光緒元年，田州改土歸流，升百色為直隸廳，隸左江道，廢土田州，置恩隆縣及思恩府屬之上林土縣、下旺土司並屬焉。五年，又改陽萬土州判為恩陽州判來屬。東北距省治千七百八十五里。廣二百七十五里，袤百五十里。北極高二十三度五十五分。京師偏西九度四十六分。領縣一，州判一，土縣一，土司一。北：探鵝嶺。東：獻寶山。東北：仙橋山。西洋江一曰右江，亦曰鵝江，鬱江北系也，自恩陽來，右岸為恩陽界。東流，經治南，澄碧水自凌雲南流注之。屈南而東，入奉議。寅桑河亦自凌雲南流，經廳東，入奉議。隆溪亦自凌雲南流，經廳東北，入恩陽，至奉議，並注右江。篆溪源出廳東北坡耶墟，東南流，緣界入東蘭，注紅水江，廳城雍正八年建，亦曰鵝城。恩隆沖，繁。廳東南百八十里。光緒元年，廢土田州，改流來隸。五年，自來安徙平馬墟，為今治。東：天馬山。北：蓮花山。南：右江自奉議緣界東南流，左受砦桑水，經治南，又東南入上林土縣。東北：紅水江，經縣東北，自東蘭南流，左界興隆土司，右受篆溪，又南，眾水匯合，東流注之。折東北，入都陽土司。恩隆營駐城。東：平馬汛。燕峒在北，縣丞治。東榜墟巡司。恩陽州判廳西南水程七十里。乾隆七年，析土田州置陽萬土州判，屬思恩府。光緒五年改流，置恩陽州判來隸。西：馬武山。其南：大王山、八角山。西八十里，右江，即西洋江，古牂牁水也，自雲南土富經剝隘入州西北，者郎河北流注之。又東，左右受數水，左界百色境，折南，紫歐溪東北流注之。又東經治北，屈南入奉議。西巴平墟、西北邏村、淥豐墟有汛。西南：東凌寨巡司。上林土縣廳東南二百五十里。舊屬思恩府。光緒元年來隸。南：那造山。舊治在東岜耀。西北，右江界恩隆、奉議入縣西北，又東南經治北，右納枯榕江，即大含溪，左納小溪，又東南入果化土州。下旺土司廳東南二百六十里。有甌脫。舊屬思恩府。光緒元年來隸。東：獨秀山。北：魁山。東南：波岌山，波岌水所出，繞司治東北流，入舊城土司。小溪水出舊城南流，經新墟，至上林土縣，入右江。

Baise Directly Governed Subprefecture was important. It was subordinate to the Zuojiang Circuit. The regional commander of the Youjiang Garrison's Central-Left Battalion was posted there; in Yongzheng 7 the garrison was moved from Guile Market in Sipu Prefecture. Under the Ming it was a department directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. Early Shunzhi retained the Ming arrangement as Tujian Native Department. In Kangxi 3 it was placed under Si'en Prefecture and subordinated to the Youjiang Circuit. In Yongzheng 7 the Si'en Prefecture assistant prefect for governing the people and administering the Miao, formerly posted at Wuyuan, was relocated. He was posted at Baise, establishing what was called Baise Subprefecture. In Guangxu 1, after Tijian was brought under regular administration, Baise was promoted to a directly governed subprefecture under the Zuojiang Circuit; Tujian Native Department was abolished; and Enlong County, Shanglin Native County, and Xiwang Native Chieftain—formerly under Si'en Prefecture—were all placed under it. In year 5 the Yangwan Native Subprefectural Judge was redesignated the Enyang subprefectural judge and placed under it. It lay 1,785 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 275 li in width and 150 li in length. Its latitude was 23 degrees 55 minutes north. It lay 9 degrees 46 minutes west of the capital. It governed one county, one subprefectural judge, one native county, and one native chieftaincy. To the north stood Tan'e Ridge. To the east stood Xianbao Mountain. To the northeast stood Xianqiao Mountain. The Xiyang River—also called the You River and the E River—was the northern branch of the Yu River. It came from Enyang, with Enyang territory on its right bank. It flowed east past the south of the seat, where Chengbi Stream from Lingyun flowed south to join it. It bent south and then east and entered Fengyi. The Yinsang River likewise flowed south from Lingyun, passed east of the subprefecture, and entered Fengyi. The Long Stream likewise flowed south from Lingyun, passed northeast of the subprefecture, entered Enyang, reached Fengyi, and both joined the You River. The Zhuan Stream rose at Poye Market northeast of the subprefecture, flowed southeast along the border into Donglan, and joined the Hongshui River. The subprefecture seat was built in Yongzheng 8 and was also known as E City. Enlong: strategically important and busy. It lay 180 li southeast of the subprefecture. In Guangxu 1, after Tujian Native Department was abolished and brought under direct rule, it was placed under the subprefecture. In year 5 the seat was moved from Lai'an to Pingma Market, where it remains. To the east stood Tianma Mountain. To the north stood Lianhua Mountain. To the south the You River flowed southeast along the Fengyi border, received Zaisang Stream on the left, passed south of the seat, and continued southeast into Shanglin Native County. To the northeast the Hongshui River passed the county's northeast, flowing south from Donglan with Xinglong Native Chieftain on the left; it received the Zhuan Stream on the right, and farther south many streams converged and flowed east to join it. It turned northeast and entered Duyang Native Chieftain. The Enlong Battalion was garrisoned in the county seat. To the east was a garrison post at Pingma. Yandong lay to the north, where the assistant magistrate kept his office. There was a patrol inspectorate at Dongbang Market. The Enyang subprefectural judge lay seventy li by water southwest of the subprefecture. In Qianlong 7 territory was carved from Tujian Native Department to establish the Yangwan native subprefectural judge, subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. In Guangxu 5 it was brought under direct rule and the Enyang subprefectural judge was established and placed under the subprefecture. To the west stood Mawu Mountain. South of these stood Dawang Mountain and Bajiao Mountain. Eighty li to the west, the You River—the Xiyang River, the ancient Zangge River—entered the department's northwest from Yunnan Tufu via Bo'ai, while the Zhelang River flowed north to join it. Farther east it received several tributaries on both banks, with Baise territory on the left; bending south, the Ziou Stream flowed northeast to join it. It flowed farther east past the north of the seat, bent south, and entered Fengyi. Garrison posts stood at Xibaping Market to the west, Luocun to the northwest, and Lufeng Market. To the southwest was the Dongling Stockade patrol inspectorate. Shanglin Native County lay 250 li southeast of the subprefecture. It had formerly been subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. In Guangxu 1 it was placed under the subprefecture's jurisdiction. To the south stood Nazao Mountain. The former seat had been at Dongbayao. From the northwest the You River formed the boundary with Enlong and Fengyi and entered the county's northwest; it flowed southeast past the north of the seat, received the Kurong River—also called Dahuan Stream—on the right and Xiaoxi on the left, then continued southeast into Guohua Native Department. Xiwang Native Chieftain lay 260 li southeast of the subprefecture. It had scattered enclaves. It had formerly been subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. In Guangxu 1 it was placed under the subprefecture's jurisdiction. To the east stood Duxiu Mountain. To the north stood Kui Mountain. To the southeast stood Boji Mountain, source of the Boji Stream, which wound northeast of the chieftain's seat and flowed into Jiucheng Native Chieftain. Xiaoxi Stream rose south of the old seat, flowed south past Xin Market to Shanglin Native County, and joined the You River.

泗城府：難。隸左江道。右江鎮標右營駐防。雍正五年置右江鎮，駐皈樂墟。七年移駐百色。明為泗城州，與利州直隸布政司。嘉靖二年廢利州。順治初，為泗城土府。十五年為府。尋改為軍民府，屬思恩府。雍正五年復為府，改流官，隸右江道。乾隆五年，置凌雲縣為府治。七年，降直隸西隆州並所屬西林縣來屬。九年，改隸左江道。東北距省治千七百八十里。廣四百二十里，袤二百五十里。北極高二十四度二十五分。京師偏西九度五十分。領州一，縣二。凌雲難。倚。乾隆五年，以泗城府本治置。北：凌雲山、蓮花峰。西：餞陽。東：三台坡。西北：青龍山。紅水江為縣北界，自西隆入，東北流，左界貴州貞豐、羅斛境，右受白朗塘、羅西塘水。東南布柳水，上承鞋裡、甘田、傘里、巴更各墟水，東北流注之，東南入那地。澄碧水出縣北靈洞，繞治西南流，入百色。東邏樓、農登，東北平蠟，東南龍川，南皈樂，西邏里，西北長隘、百樂，西南汪甸各墟有汛。天峨甲，縣丞治。東有平樂一甲巡司。縣城，嘉慶二年建。西林難。府西南五百十里。明，上林長官司。萬曆中，省入泗城州。康熙五年，改流官升縣，隸思恩府。雍正十二年改屬直隸西隆州。乾隆七年來屬。北：交椅山。東：端峰山。西北：界亭山。右江有二源，南源曰西洋江，北源曰清水河。西洋江自雲南寶寧流入縣南，東北流，與北源會。馱娘江上流即清水河，自西隆來，東南流，右受馱門江，經治東南，者文、那陽、界廷各墟水自縣北合流注之。又東折南，會西洋江，入雲南土富。上林營駐城。東北潞城、東南周馬、南八盤、西八柴有汛。有潞城巡司。縣城，康熙六年建。西隆州沖，難。府西北九百六十里。明，安隆長官司。康熙五年改流官升州，隸思恩府。雍正十二年升直隸州，領西林縣。乾隆七年復為州，來屬。南：三台山。西：營盤山。西南：金鐘山。南盤江即八達河，西江初源也，下流為紅水江，自雲南寶寧緣界北流，受者扛、羊街二墟水，經州北，東南至北樓墟，冷水河合治西小水，東北流注之。又東北，會北盤江，東南流，入凌雲。清水河即同舍河，自雲南寶寧北流入州西南，折東北入西林。八達城，州同駐。舊州，州判駐。州城有里仁汛。東舊州、東北三隘、東南隆或、西南永靜、古障有汛。州城，雍正七年建。

Sipu Prefecture: difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Zuojiang Circuit. The right battalion of the Youjiang Garrison was stationed for defense. In Yongzheng 5 the Youjiang Garrison was established and posted at Guile Market. In year 7 it was relocated to Baise. Under the Ming it was Sipu Department, together with Lizhou directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. In Jiajing 2 Lizhou was abolished. In early Shunzhi it was reorganized as Sipu Native Prefecture. In year 15 it was elevated to prefectural status. It was soon reorganized as a military-civilian prefecture subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. In Yongzheng 5 it was restored to a prefecture, brought under regular officials, and subordinated to the Youjiang Circuit. In Qianlong 5 Lingyun County was established as the prefectural seat. In year 7 the directly governed Xilong Department and subordinate Xilin County were demoted and placed under its jurisdiction. In year 9 it was transferred to the Zuojiang Circuit. It lay 1,780 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 420 li in width and 250 li in length. Its latitude was 24 degrees 25 minutes north. It lay 9 degrees 50 minutes west of the capital. It governed one department and two counties. Lingyun: difficult to administer. Seat of the prefecture. In Qianlong 5 it was created from the former seat of Sipu Prefecture. To the north stood Lingyun Mountain and Lianhua Peak. To the west lay Jianyang. To the east lay Santai Slope. To the northwest stood Qinglong Mountain. The Hongshui River formed the county's northern border, entering from Xilong and flowing northeast with Zhenfeng and Luohu in Guizhou on the left; it received the Bailangtang and Luoxitang streams on the right. To the southeast, Buliu Stream received the waters of Xieli, Gantian, Sanli, and Bageng markets above it, flowed northeast to join the Hongshui, and continued southeast into Nadi. Chengbi Stream rose at Ling Cave north of the county, wound southwest of the seat, and flowed into Baise. Garrison posts stood at Luolou and Nongdeng to the east, Pingla to the northeast, Longchuan to the southeast, Guile to the south, Luoli to the west, Chang'ai and Biale to the northwest, and Wangdian to the southwest. Tian'e was a jia subdivision where the assistant magistrate kept his office. To the east was the Pingle First Jia patrol inspectorate. The county seat was built in Jiaqing 2. Xilin: difficult to administer. It lay 510 li southwest of the prefecture. Under the Ming it had been the Shanglin Chief's Office. During the Wanli reign it was annexed to Sipu Department. In Kangxi 5 it was brought under regular officials, promoted to a county, and placed under Si'en Prefecture. In Yongzheng 12 it was transferred to the directly governed Xilong Department. In Qianlong 7 it was placed under the prefecture's jurisdiction. To the north stood Jiaoyi Mountain. To the east stood Duanfeng Mountain. To the northwest stood Jieting Mountain. The You River had two sources: the southern was the Xiyang River and the northern the Qingshui River. The Xiyang River entered the county's south from Baoning in Yunnan, flowed northeast, and joined the northern source. The upper Tuoniang River was the Qingshui River, coming from Xilong and flowing southeast; it received the Tuomen River on the right and passed southeast of the seat, while the market streams of Zhewen, Nayang, and Jieting united in the county's north and flowed down to join it. Farther east it bent south, met the Xiyang River, and entered Yunnan Tufu. The Shanglin Battalion was garrisoned in the county seat. Garrison posts stood at Lucheng to the northeast, Zhouma to the southeast, Bapan to the south, and Bachai to the west. There was a patrol inspectorate at Lucheng. The county seat was built in Kangxi 6. Xilong Department: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 960 li northwest of the prefecture. Under the Ming it had been the Anlong Chief's Office. In Kangxi 5 it was brought under regular officials, elevated to a department, and placed under Si'en Prefecture. In Yongzheng 12 it was promoted to a directly governed department governing Xilin County. In Qianlong 7 it was demoted to an ordinary department and placed under the prefecture. To the south stood Santai Mountain. To the west stood Yingpan Mountain. To the southwest stood Jinzhong Mountain. The Nanpan River—the Bada River and earliest source of the Xi River, known downstream as the Hongshui—flowed north along the border from Baoning in Yunnan, received the market streams of Zhekang and Yangjie, passed north of the department, and ran southeast to Beilou Market, where the Lengshui River united with lesser streams west of the seat and flowed northeast to join it. Farther northeast it met the Beipan River, flowed southeast, and entered Lingyun. The Qingshui River, also called the Tongshe River, entered the department's southwest from Baoning in Yunnan and turned northeast into Xilin. At Bada City the department vice-director maintained his post. At Jiuzhou the subprefectural judge maintained his post. The department city had a Liren garrison post. Garrison posts stood at Jiuzhou to the east, San'a to the northeast, Longhuo to the southeast, and Yongjing and Guzhang to the southwest. The department city was built in Yongzheng 7.

平樂府：沖，難。隸桂平梧郁道。平樂協左右營駐防副將駐。明為府，領州一，縣一。順治初，因明舊。宣統三年，析賀縣、懷集暨廣東開建地置信都廳。西北距省治二百十六里。廣三百八十里，袤二百五十里。北極高二十四度三十五分。京師偏西五度四十七分。領廳一，州一，縣七。平樂沖，繁。倚。明府治，因之。東：團山、瓜嶺。東南：蓮花。北：目岩。東北：魯溪。桂江一曰府江，自陽朔緣界南流，會修江。屈東，經府治西南，平樂江自北來會，又東南流入昭平。平樂江亦曰樂川，上源曰東江，自恭城入縣。東北納島坪江，又東南，勢江自恭城東南境西北流注之。折西，誕山江合南平江西北流注之，折西南，合於府江。沙子街，縣丞駐。水驛三：昭潭、昭平、龍門。恭城簡。府東北九十里。北：仙姑。西：石盆。東南：五馬山。東北：印山、銀殿。西北：金龍山。東江自湖南永明入，西南流，平川江合平源瑤小河南流注之。折南，右受南江，南錯入平樂。旋復入縣境，經治東，左受下山源、北洞源水，入平樂為樂川。平樂營分防汛駐城。東北：龍虎關汛。有鎮峽寨巡司，因明舊置。富川繁，難。府東北二百六十里。東北：獨秀岩。西南：白雲山。東南：東山。富江出縣西北石鼓山，東南流，左受麥嶺水，經治東南，龍窩水合白源水西南流注之。又南至鍾山渡，折東南，左受白沙水，入賀縣曰臨水。麥嶺，縣北，麥嶺營駐防。雍正八年移同知駐。光緒三十三年徙信都。舊治東南鍾山下，縣徙置鎮，通判駐焉，宣統元年廢。富賀營分防汛駐城。東白沙、東北牛岩、東南鍾山、西北小水峽有汛。西南有白霞寨巡司，因明舊置。賀繁，難。府東南百九十五里。東北：臨賀嶺，即桂嶺，五嶺之第四嶺也，與湖南江華、廣東連山接界。西：瑞雲山。西南：大桂山。臨水自富川經縣西北，東南流，右受馬窩山水，左受里松墟水，經治北。又東南，右受大桂山水，賀江合桂嶺諸山水西南流來會，東南入信都。富賀營駐城。東龍水、東北大發、大凝墟有汛。縣丞駐桂嶺大會墟。西北：里松鄉巡司。信都廳簡。府東南五百七十里。光緒三十四年，析賀縣、懷集暨廣東開建地置，改平樂府分防麥嶺同知為撫民同知，移駐信都。鋪門墟舊隸三縣，撫民耕兵劃歸廳轄。宣統元年，遷治官潭墟。北：湖頭山。西北：大鼇。西南：雲台。臨水自賀南流，經治東，又南，右受臨田水，至鋪門墟，深沖源水西南流注之，右受雲台山水，南入開建。東石牛坡、南鋪門墟有汛。舊信都巡司，光緒三十四年廢，改信都廳照磨兼司獄。荔浦簡。府西七十五里。東北：三奇、火焰。西北：鏌鋣山。東南：鵝翎。修江一曰荔江，自修仁入，左受荔江尾水，東北經治東，左受夾板隘水，右受丹竹江水，又東北，綠水河上承栗江、普陀河、龍坪河東流注之，東北入平樂注桂江。平樂協右營分防汛駐城。北兩江墟、東北馬嶺、西北王瑤隘、西南蓮塘有汛。修仁難。府西南百二十里。東北：羅仁山。西南：凌雲山。南：崇仁大峒。修江出西南瑤山界分水坳，東北流，經治東，至羅仁山東南麓，入荔浦曰荔江。四牌溪出西南文筆山，西北流，經四牌墟，入永福。平樂協右營分防汛駐城。西：石牆堡汛。昭平沖。府南二百里。東：木皮山，其北接米嶺，山高路險。雍正三年，開鑿嶺道，上下四十里。東南：天朝嶺、羊角嶺。桂江自平樂流入縣北，右受歸化江，左受思懃江，經治東，又東南至馬江塘，富郡江出縣東，合招賢水西南流注之，東南入蒼梧。平樂協左營分防汛駐城。東南欖水、東北蓮花、燕塘、山口有汛。東樟木墟巡司，東南馬江塘巡司。永安州簡。府西南百六十五里。東北：石鼓山。東南：石印、古眉、摩天嶺。西南：力山。西北：天堂、馬鬃嶺。眉江，古蒙水，一曰激江，出州西北，東南流，右受濁川水、西江水，經治南，左合銀江，又東南，六樟水東流注之，又東南，榕木嶺水西南流注之，南入藤縣曰濛江。平樂協右營分防汛駐城。

Pingle Prefecture: strategically important and difficult to administer. It fell under the Guiping-Wuzhou-Yulin Circuit Intendancy. The deputy commander of the Pingle Brigade with its left and right battalion garrisons was posted there. Under the Ming it was a prefecture governing one department and one county. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Xuantong 3 territory was carved from Hexian, Huaiji, and Guangdong's Kaijian to establish Xindu Subprefecture. It lay 216 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measured 380 li in width and 250 li in length. Its latitude was 24 degrees 35 minutes north. It lay 5 degrees 47 minutes west of the capital. It comprised one subprefecture, one department, and seven counties. Pingle: strategically important and busy. Seat of the prefecture. It had served as the Ming prefectural seat. To the east stood Tuanshan and Gualing. To the southeast stood Lianhua. To the north stood Muyan. To the northeast lay Luxi. The Gui River, also called the Prefecture River, flowed south along the border from Yangshuo and joined the Xiu River. It turned east, passed southwest of the prefectural seat, met the Pingle River flowing in from the north, then flowed southeast into Zhaoping. The Pingle River, also called the Lechuan, had its upper source in the Dong River, entering the county from Gongcheng. It received Daoping River to the northeast; turning southeast, the Shi River flowed northwest from Gongcheng's southeastern border to join it. It turned west; Danshan River united with the Nanping River flowing northwest to join it, then turned southwest and merged with the Prefecture River. At Shazijie the assistant magistrate maintained his post. It had three water postal stations at Zhaotan, Zhaoping, and Longmen. Gongcheng County was administratively simple. It lay ninety li northeast of the prefecture. To the north stood Xianggu. To the west stood Shipen. To the southeast stood Wuma Mountain. To the northeast stood Yinshan and Yindian. To the northwest stood Jinlong Mountain. The Dong River entered from Yongming in Hunan and flowed southwest; the Pingchuan River united with the Pingyuan Yao Stream flowing south to join it. It turned south, received the Nan River on the right, and briefly entered Pingle to the south. It soon reentered the county, passed east of the seat, received Xiashanyuan and Beidongyuan waters on the left, and entering Pingle became the Lechuan. A detachment of the Pingle battalion garrison was posted in the city. To the northeast was the Longhuguan garrison post. There was a Zhenxiachai patrol inspectorate, established under the Ming arrangement. Fuchuan: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 260 li northeast of the prefecture. To the northeast stood Duxiu Cliff. To the southwest stood Baiyun Mountain. To the southeast stood Dongshan. The Fu River rose at Shigu Mountain northwest of the county, flowed southeast, received Mailingshui on the left, and passed southeast of the seat; Longwo River united with Baiyuan water flowing southwest to join it. It flowed south to Zhongshan Ferry, turned southeast, received Baisha water on the left, and entering Hexian was called Linshui. At Mailing north of the county, the Mailing battalion maintained a defensive garrison. In Yongzheng 8 the sub-prefect was relocated to garrison there. In Guangxu 33 he was transferred to Xindu. The old seat lay southeast below Zhongshan Mountain; the county was relocated to establish a garrison town with an intendant magistrate posted there, abolished in Xuantong 1. A detachment of the Fuhe battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts stood at Baisha to the east, Niuyan to the northeast, Zhongshan to the southeast, and Xiaoshuixia to the northwest. To the southwest was a Baixiazhai patrol inspectorate, established under the Ming arrangement. He: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 195 li southeast of the prefecture. To the northeast rose Linhe Ridge—that is, Guiling, the fourth of the Five Ridges—which bordered Jianghua in Hunan and Lianshan in Guangdong. To the west stood Ruiyun Mountain. To the southwest stood Dagui Mountain. Linshui flowed from Fuchuan through the county's northwest and flowed southeast, received Mawoshan water on the right and Lisongxu water on the left, and passed north of the seat. Flowing farther southeast, it received Dagui Mountain water on the right; the He River, merging with waters from the Guiling ranges flowing southwest, came to join it and flowed southeast into Xindu. The Fuhe battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts stood at Longshui to the east, Dafa to the northeast, and Daningxu. The assistant magistrate was posted at Guiling Dahui Market. Northwest: the Lisong Township patrol inspectorate. Xindu Subprefecture was administratively simple. It lay 570 li southeast of the prefecture. In Guangxu 34 territory was carved from Hexian, Huaiji, and Guangdong's Kaijian to establish it; the Pingle sub-prefect for defense at Mailing was redesignated a sub-prefect for civil administration and relocated to Xindu. Pumen Market had formerly been divided among three counties; civilian colonist troops were allotted to the subprefecture's jurisdiction. In Xuantong 1 the seat was moved to Guantan Market. To the north stood Hutou Mountain. To the northwest stood Da'ao. To the southwest stood Yuntai. Linshui flowed south from He, passed east of the seat, then south, received Lintian water on the right; at Pumen Market Shenchongyuan water flowed southwest to join it; it received Yuntaishan water on the right and entered Kaijian to the south. Garrison posts stood at Shiniupo to the east and Pumen Market to the south. The former Xindu patrol inspectorate was abolished in Guangxu 34; the Xindu Subprefecture registrar was redesignated to also serve as jail keeper. Lipu County was administratively simple. It lay 75 li west of the prefecture. To the northeast stood Sanqi and Huoyan. To the northwest stood Moya Mountain. To the southeast stood Eling. The Xiu River, also called the Li River, entered from Xiuren, received Lijiangwei water on the left, flowed northeast past east of the seat, received Jiabanya water on the left and Danzhujiang water on the right; flowing farther northeast, the Lüshui River above received the Li, Putuo, and Longping rivers flowing east to join it, then flowed northeast into Pingle to enter the Gui River. A detachment of the Pingle Brigade right battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts stood at Liangjiangxu to the north, Maling to the northeast, Wangyaoya to the northwest, and Liantang to the southwest. Xiuren: difficult to administer. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefecture. To the northeast stood Luoren Mountain. To the southwest stood Lingyun Mountain. To the south lay Chongren Great Dong. The Xiu River rose at Fenishui Pass on the Yao Mountain border to the southwest, flowed northeast, passed east of the seat, reached the southeastern foot of Luoren Mountain, and entering Lipu was called the Li River. The Sipai Stream rose at Wenbi Mountain to the southwest, flowed northwest, passed Sipaixu, and entered Yongfu. A detachment of the Pingle Brigade right battalion garrison was posted in the city. To the west was the Shiqiang Fort garrison post. Zhaoping: strategically important. It lay 200 li south of the prefecture. To the east stood Mupi Mountain; north of it adjoined Miling, where the mountains rose high and the roads were perilous. In Yongzheng 3 a pass road was cut through, forty li from crest to base. To the southeast stood Tianchaoling and Yangjiaoling. The Gui River entered the north of the county from Pingle; on the right it received the Guihua River and on the left the Sinjin River, passed east of the seat, and continued southeast to Majiangtang; the Fujun River rose east of the county, joined the Zhaoxian Water, and flowed southwest to meet it before turning southeast into Cangwu. A detachment of the Pingle Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts were maintained at Lanshui to the southeast and at Lianhua, Yantang, and Shankou to the northeast. To the east was the Zhangmu Market Circuit Intendant office, and to the southeast the Majiangtang Circuit Intendant office. Yong'an Department was administratively simple. It lay 165 li southwest of the prefecture. To the northeast stood Shigu Mountain. To the southeast stood Shiyin, Gumei, and Motianling. To the southwest stood Lishan. To the northwest stood Tiantang and Mazongling. The Meijiang—the ancient Meng River, also called the Jijiang—rose northwest of the department and flowed southeast; on the right it received the Zhuochuan and Xijiang waters, passed south of the seat, and on the left joined the Yin River; farther southeast the Liuzhang Water flowed in from the east, then the Rongmugling Water from the southwest; entering Teng County to the south it was called the Meng River. A detachment of the Pingle Brigade right battalion garrison was posted in the city.

梧州府：沖，繁。桂平梧郁道治所。梧州協左右營駐防副將駐。明洪武元年為府，領州一，縣九。順治初，因明舊。雍正三年，升鬱林州為直隸州，割博白、北流、陸川、興業四縣往屬焉。西北距省治九百三十五里。廣二百七十里，袤四百六十里。北極高二十三度三十分。京師偏西五度二分。領縣五。光緒二十三年設關通商，以桂平梧鹽法道兼梧州關監督。三十年，由桂林移駐。蒼梧沖，繁。倚。明府治因之。東北：芋莢、古欖嶺。西北：文殊山。南：銅鑊、沖霄。龔江上流即藤江，自藤縣流入，左受安平江，分流夾思化洲、長洲，右受須羅江、長行江，至石磯塘復合，又東會桂江，東入廣州封川曰西江。桂江自昭平入，左受龍江，右受石澗河，東南流，思良江、峽山水出治北南流注之，折西南，至治西注龔江。沿江有水汛。東分界塘，南三角嘴、廣平墟，東南大燕，東北三番，西北卬竹、古欖，西南戎墟有汛。同知駐戎墟。有東安鄉、安平鄉、長行鄉三巡司，因明舊置。水驛二：府門、龍江。梧州關。商埠，光緒二十二年中緬條約開。藤繁，難。府西百六十里。南：靈山。西南：勾刀。西北：谷。藤江上流即潯江，自平南入，流經縣西北，右受都榜江，濛江合牛皮江南流注之，曰龔江。又東南，右受慕寮江，折東，經治北，綉江合思羅江、黃華江、義昌江，自西南經治東來會，曰劍江。又東北，左受四培江，右受黃桶江、白石江，東入蒼梧。梧州協左營分防汛駐城。沿江有水汛。東南糯峒、西白馬有汛。有白石寨、竇家寨二巡司，因明舊置。明故五屯千戶所，稱藤峽左臂，今白石司治。驛四：雙兢、黃甲、金雞、藤江。容簡。府西南四百八十里。東北：朝陽嶺。東南：人文嶺。西北：大容山，亙數百里，潯、郁分據其麓。容江上承北流之圭江，經縣西南，渭龍江自廣東宜信入，北經治南，左受思登江，曰容江。又東北，右受波羅江，北入藤縣曰綉江。梧州協左營分防汛駐城。有自良墟、粉壁寨二巡司。驛二：自良、綉江。岑溪難。府西南百八十里。東：白石山。西：鄧公山。東南：通天嶺。東北：周公。黃華江自廣東信宜入，流經縣南，西北流，折入藤縣。腰峨嶺，東北義昌江出，西南流，鐵根隘水合黃陵隘水西北流注之。又西，洋羅隘水東北流注之，西北經治南入藤縣。梧州協左營分防汛駐城。東：大洴汛。南：大峒鎮。有平河巡司，因明舊置。懷集繁，難。府東三百里。西：忠讜山。南：天馬。西北：齊岳、牛欄山。西南：白鶴山。懷溪一曰南溪，出縣西北大石屋村，東南流，合古城水、赤水，又東南，右受宿泊水，左受冷坑水、白沙水，經治南，右受甘峒水。又東南，桃花水合東北諸山溪水西南流注之，東南入廣東廣寧，下流曰綏江。永固水出西南南洲山，北流，經永固墟，入廣寧。懷集營駐城。東龍門、東北洽水、西南朋岡有汛。有武城鄉、慈樂塞二巡司，因明舊置。

Wuzhou Prefecture: strategically important and busy. Seat of the Guiping-Wuzhou-Yulin Circuit Intendancy. The deputy commander of the Wuzhou Brigade with its left and right battalion garrisons was posted there. In Hongwu 1 of the Ming it became a prefecture, governing one department and nine counties. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Yongzheng 3, Yulin Department was elevated to directly administered status, and Bobai, Beiliu, Luchuan, and Xingye—the four counties—were transferred to its jurisdiction. It lay 935 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measured 270 li from east to west and 460 li from north to south. Its latitude was 23°30′ north. It lay 5°02′ west of the capital. It governed five counties. In Guangxu 23 a customs office was established for trade, and the Guiping-Wuzhou-Yulin Salt Administration Circuit was given concurrent charge as superintendent of Wuzhou Customs. In year 30 it was relocated from Guilin. Cangwu: strategically important and busy. Seat of the prefecture. It had served as the Ming prefectural seat. To the northeast stood Yujia and Gulanling. To the northwest stood Wenshu Mountain. To the south stood Tonghuo and Chongxiao. The upper Gong River was the Teng River; it entered from Teng County, received the Anping River on the left, divided to flank Sihua Isle and Changzhou, received the Xuluo and Changxing rivers on the right, reunited at Shijitang, joined the Gui River farther east, and entering Fengchuan in Guangzhou to the east was called the Xi River. The Gui River entered from Zhaoping, received the Long River on the left and the Shijian River on the right, and flowed southeast; the Siliang River and Xiashan Water rose north of the seat and flowed south to join it, then turned southwest and at the west of the seat entered the Gong River. Garrison posts were maintained along the river. Garrison posts stood at Fenjietang to the east, Sanjiaozui and Guangping Market to the south, Dayan to the southeast, Sanfan to the northeast, Yangzhu and Gulan to the northwest, and Rongxu to the southwest. The sub-prefect was stationed at Rongxu. There were three Circuit Intendant offices—Dong'an Township, Anping Township, and Changxing Township—established under the Ming arrangement. It had two water postal stations at Fumen and Longjiang. Wuzhou Customs. A treaty port, opened under the Sino-Burmese Treaty of Guangxu 22. Teng: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 160 li west of the prefecture. To the south stood Lingshan. To the southwest stood Goudao. To the northwest stood Gu. The upper Teng River was the Xun River; it entered from Pingnan, flowed through the northwest of the county, and received the Dubang River on the right; the Meng River joined the Niupi River and flowed south to meet it, and the stream was called the Gong River. Farther southeast it received the Muliao River on the right, turned east, and passed north of the seat; the Xiujiang joined the Siluo, Huanghua, and Yichang rivers, coming from the southwest through east of the seat to meet it, and the stream was called the Jian River. Farther northeast it received the Sipei River on the left and the Huangtong and Baishi rivers on the right before entering Cangwu to the east. A detachment of the Wuzhou Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts were maintained along the river. Garrison posts stood at Nuodong to the southeast and Baima to the west. There were two Circuit Intendant offices—Baishizhai and Doujiazhai—established under the Ming arrangement. A Ming-era five-tun thousand-household post, known as the left arm of Teng Gorge, was today administered by the Baishi office. It maintained four postal stations: Shuangjing, Huangjia, Jinji, and Tengjiang. Rong County was administratively simple. It lay 480 li southwest of the prefecture. To the northeast stood Chaoyangling. To the southeast stood Renwenling. To the northwest stood Darong Mountain, extending several hundred li, with Xun and Yu prefectures holding its foothills on either side. The Rong River received upstream the Gui River of Beiliu and passed the southwest of the county; the Weilong River entered from Yixin in Guangdong, flowed north past south of the seat, received the Sideng River on the left, and was called the Rong River. Farther northeast it received the Boluo River on the right, and entering Teng County to the north it was called the Xiujiang. A detachment of the Wuzhou Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city. It had Circuit Intendant offices at Ziliang Market and Fenbizhai. It maintained two postal stations: Ziliang and Xiujiang. Cenxi: difficult to administer. It lay 180 li southwest of the prefecture. To the east stood Baishi Mountain. To the west stood Denggong Mountain. To the southeast stood Tongtianling. To the northeast stood Zhougong. The Huanghua River entered from Xinyi in Guangdong, flowed through the south of the county, turned northwest, and entered Teng County. At Yaoeling the Yichang River rose to the northeast and flowed southwest; the Tiegen'ai Water joined the Huangling'ai Water and flowed northwest to meet it. Farther west the Yangluo'ai Water flowed northeast to join it, passed northwest south of the seat, and entered Teng County. A detachment of the Wuzhou Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city. To the east was the Daping garrison post. To the south lay Dadong Town. There was a Pinghe Circuit Intendant office, established under the Ming arrangement. Huaiji: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 300 li east of the prefecture. To the west stood Zhongdang Mountain. To the south stood Tianma. To the northwest stood Qiyue and Niulanshan. To the southwest stood Baihe Mountain. The Huaixi—also called the Nanxi—rose at Dashiwo Village northwest of the county and flowed southeast, joining the Gucheng Water and Chishui; farther southeast it received the Subo Water on the right and the Lengkeng and Baisha waters on the left, passed south of the seat, and received the Gangdong Water on the right. Farther southeast the Taohua Water joined the mountain streams of the northeast and flowed southwest to meet it before entering Guangning in Guangdong to the southeast; downstream it was called the Sui River. The Yonggu Water rose at Nanzhou Mountain to the southwest, flowed north, passed Yonggu Market, and entered Guangning. The Huaiji Garrison was posted in the city. Garrison posts stood at Longmen to the east, Qiashui to the northeast, and Penggang to the southwest. There were two Circuit Intendant offices—Wucheng Township and Cile Pass—established under the Ming arrangement.

鬱林直隸州：沖，繁，難。隸左江道。潯州協鬱林營駐防。明為州，屬梧州府，領縣四。順治初，因明舊。雍正三年，升為直隸州。舊隸桂平梧郁道。光緒十三年，改隸左江道。東北距省治千五百二十五里。廣二百七十里，袤二百九十里。北極高二十二度四十七分。京師偏西六度十分。領縣四。北：寒山。東：信石、峽山。東南：天馬。東北：大容山。西：石人嶺。定川江自興業入，東南流，左受鴉橋江，右受都黃江。又東南，綠藍江自北來，西南流，經治南，合羅望江注之，曰南流江。又南，橋麗江即回龍江，自陸川西南流注之，入博白。東夾山，西平山、石井，北北底，西北蒲塘、楓木有汛。有撫康巡司。西甌廢驛。博白難。州西南九十里。雍正三年，自梧州來隸。南：大荒。東南：蟠龍。西南：九岐、飛雲。西北：綠蘿山。南流江自鬱林入，流經治西，右受綠珠江，左受小白江、大白江。屈西，右合浪馬江，至宴石山西麓，陀角江西北流注之。又西南，左受旺勝江，入廣東合浦。鬱林營分防汛駐城。西南：龍潭汛。有周羅寨、沙河寨二巡司。因明舊置。北流繁，難。州東六十里。雍正三年自梧州來隸。東北：句漏山，山脈自越南來，東入廣東境，鬱江南岸一大系也，東會靈山。西北：大容山。南：綠藍山，綠藍水所出，南入鬱林注南流江。圭江出縣東南，有二源，一石梯水，出大雲嶺，一雙威水，出雙威山，至三口鋪合流曰圭江，西北流，思賀江自陸川東北流注之。右受螭蜍河，經治東入容縣，曰容江。鬱林營分防汛駐城。東南陸靖、善逕有汛。有雙威寨巡司，因明舊置。驛一：寶圭。陸川難。東南九十里。雍正三年自梧州來隸。東：文龍山。西：鳴石。西北：石湖。東南：大這。北：分水山，二水源出焉：一南流，經治東，饅頭嶺水自西北繞城南合流曰烏江，又南，左受水車江、龍化江，曰平南江，入廣東石城；一西北流，曰回龍江，屈西南，合略峒江，入鬱林，曰橋麗江。鬱林營分防汛駐城。北馬坡、南花槎有汛。有溫水寨巡司，因明舊置。有永寧廢驛。興業簡。州西北七十三里。雍正三年自梧州來隸。北：北斗山，與東斗山對峙。西：萬石、白馬岩。西南：夔龍岩。定川江三源，北源曰龍穿江，出縣西北，東南流，通濟江自東北繞城來會，岑江自西來會，三江合曰定川江，東南入鬱林。鬱林營分防汛駐城。北番車、南六纂、西南雷塱、城隍墟有汛。

Yulin Directly Administered Department: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. It fell under the Zuojiang Circuit Intendancy. The Xunzhou Brigade Yulin Garrison was posted for defense. Under the Ming it was a department subordinate to Wuzhou Prefecture, governing four counties. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Yongzheng 3 it was elevated to directly administered department status. It had formerly fallen under the Guiping-Wuzhou-Yulin Circuit Intendancy. In Guangxu 13 its affiliation was changed to the Zuojiang Circuit. It lay 1,525 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 270 li from east to west and 290 li from north to south. Its latitude was 22°47′ north. It lay 6°10′ west of the capital. It governed four counties. To the north stood Hanshan. To the east stood Xinshi and Xiashan. To the southeast stood Tianma. To the northeast stood Darong Mountain. To the west stood Shirenling. The Dingchuan River entered from Xingye and flowed southeast, receiving the Yaqiao River on the left and the Duhuang River on the right. Farther southeast the Lülan River came from the north, flowed southwest, passed south of the seat, joined the Luowang River to enter it, and was called the Nanliu River. Farther south the Qiaoli River—the Huilong River—flowed southwest from Luchuan to join it and entered Bobai. Garrison posts stood at Jiashan to the east, Pingshan and Shijing to the west, Beidi to the north, and Putang and Fengmu to the northwest. There was a Fukang Circuit Intendant office. The abolished Xi'ou postal station lay to the west. Bobai: difficult to administer. It lay 90 li southwest of the department. In Yongzheng 3 it was transferred from Wuzhou to come under its jurisdiction. To the south stood Dahuang. To the southeast stood Panlong. To the southwest stood Jiuqi and Feiyun. To the northwest stood Lüluo Mountain. The Nanliu River entered from Yulin, flowed past west of the seat, received the Lüzhu River on the right and the Xiaobai and Dabai rivers on the left. It bent west, joined the Langma River on the right, and at the western foothills of Yanshi Mountain the Tuojiao River flowed northwest to meet it. Farther southwest it received the Wangsheng River on the left and entered Hepu in Guangdong. A detachment of the Yulin Garrison was posted in the city for defense. To the southwest was the Longtan garrison post. There were two Circuit Intendant offices—Zhouluozhai and Shahezhai. They were established under the Ming arrangement. Beiliu: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 60 li east of the department. In Yongzheng 3 it was transferred from Wuzhou to come under its jurisdiction. To the northeast stood Goumao Mountain; its range came from Vietnam, entered Guangdong to the east, and formed a major system on the south bank of the Yu River, meeting Lingshan farther east. To the northwest stood Darong Mountain. To the south stood Lülan Mountain, where the Lülan Water rose and flowed south into Yulin to enter the Nanliu River. The Gui River rose southeast of the county from two sources—the Shiti Water from Dayunling and the Shuangwei Water from Shuangwei Mountain; at Sankoupu they united and flowed northwest as the Gui River, and the Sihe River from northeast Luchuan flowed in to join it. On the right it received the Chichu River, passed east of the seat, and entered Rong County, where it was called the Rong River. A detachment of the Yulin Garrison was posted in the city for defense. Garrison posts stood at Lujing and Shan'jing to the southeast. There was a Shuangweizhai Circuit Intendant office, established under the Ming arrangement. It maintained one postal station at Baogui. Luchuan: difficult to administer. It lay 90 li to the southeast. In Yongzheng 3 it was transferred from Wuzhou to come under its jurisdiction. To the east stood Wenlong Mountain. To the west stood Mingshi. To the northwest stood Shihu. To the southeast stood Dazhe. To the north stood Fenshui Mountain, where two river sources rose: one flowed south past east of the seat; the Mantouling Water from the northwest looped south of the city and they united as the Wujiang; farther south, on the left it received the Shuiche and Longhua rivers and was called the Pingnan River, entering Shicheng in Guangdong; the other flowed northwest and was called the Huilong River; it bent southwest, joined the Lüetong River, entered Yulin, and was called the Qiaoli River. A detachment of the Yulin Garrison was posted in the city for defense. Garrison posts stood at Mapo to the north and Huachai to the south. There was a Wenshuizhai Circuit Intendant office, established under the Ming arrangement. There was an abolished Yongning postal station. Xingye was administratively simple. It lay 73 li northwest of the department. In Yongzheng 3 it was transferred from Wuzhou to come under its jurisdiction. To the north stood Beidou Mountain, facing Dongdou Mountain across from it. To the west stood Wanshi and Baima Rock. To the southwest stood Kuilong Rock. The Dingchuan River had three sources; the northern source was called the Longchuan River, rising northwest of the county and flowing southeast; the Tongji River from the northeast looped around the city to meet it; the Cen River came from the west to meet it; the three rivers united as the Dingchuan River and entered Yulin to the southeast. A detachment of the Yulin Garrison was posted in the city for defense. Garrison posts stood at Fanche to the north, Liuzuan to the south, and Leilang and Chenghuang Market to the southwest.

潯州府：沖，繁。隸右江道。潯州協左右營駐防副將駐。明洪武元年為府。領縣三。順治初，因明舊。雍正八年，武宣來屬，舊隸左江道。乾隆九年，改隸右江道。東北距省治八百七里。廣四百里，袤五百二十里。北極高二十三度二十九分。京師偏西六度十六分。領縣四。桂平沖。倚。明府治，因之。西：西山、石梯。西南：羅叢。東南：白石、大容、紫荊關。西北：大藤峽數百里，跨西江西岸，明韓雍破瑤賊地，咸豐金田之役實肇亂於此。黔江上流即柳江，一曰右江，自武宣入縣西北，左出支津曰南淥江，東南經治北，與鬱江會。鬱江一曰左江，自貴縣經縣西南，右受綉江，左受蓬閬江，屈曲東北流，至治東會黔江，曰潯江。又東北，大江嶺水合東南諸水西北流注之。南淥江，合相思江東流注之，東入平南。有南北河水汛。北靜安、東北武靖有鎮。有大黃江、穆樂墟二巡司。平南沖。府東九十里。東北：勾崖嶺。東南：黃花山。西北：閬石山。潯江自桂平入，左受思旺江，東南流，烏江合數小水南流注之。經治南，又東南，左受秦川河、白沙江自桂平東北流注之，東入藤縣。大同江出西北龍軍瑤地，東南流，亦入藤縣。潯州協左營分防汛駐城。東南樟木墟、丹竹墟有汛。有大同鄉、秦川鄉二巡司，因明舊置。水驛：烏江。貴繁，難。府西南百七十里。北：大北山。東：小北山。龍山，北五十里，藤峽右臂也。西：金雞峽。鬱江自橫州入縣西南，武思江自廣東合浦來，北流注之。東北流，左受思繳江，寶江自賓州來，東流注之。經治南而東，左受沙江、東津江，右受橫眉江，入桂平。潯州協右營分防汛駐城。東南三塘、西覃塘、西北五山有汛。有五山鎮巡司。通判駐木梓墟，宣統二年廢。水驛二：東津、香江武宣沖。府西北百九十里。明宣德六年更名，屬象州。順治初，隸柳州府。雍正三年改屬直隸賓州，八年來屬。南：大藤峽。東北：金龍山。西南：仙岩山。柳江緣象州、來賓界，流經縣西北，受古城水，屈曲南流，經治南，勾樓山水西南流注之。又東南，右受古豪江、武賴水，左受陰江、新江水，入桂平。潯州協左營分防汛駐城。南寺村、西南大樟有汛。有縣廓鎮巡司。驛一：仙山。

Xunzhou Prefecture: strategically important and busy. It fell under the Youjiang Circuit Intendancy. The deputy commander of the Xunzhou Brigade with its left and right battalion garrisons was posted for defense. In Hongwu 1 of the Ming it became a prefecture. It governed three counties. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Yongzheng 8 Wuxuan came under its jurisdiction; it had formerly fallen under the Zuojiang Circuit. In Qianlong 9 its affiliation was changed to the Youjiang Circuit. It lay 807 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 400 li in width and 520 li in length. Its latitude was 23°29′ north. It lay 6°16′ west of the capital. It governed four counties. Guiping: strategically important. Seat of the prefecture. It had served as the Ming prefectural seat. To the west stood Xishan and Shiti. To the southwest stood Luocong. To the southeast stood Baishi, Darong, and Zijing Pass. To the northwest lay the Dateng Gorge, several hundred li in extent, spanning the west bank of the Xi River—the place where Han Yong of the Ming broke the Yao bandits, and where the Jintian uprising of the Xianfeng era in fact began. The upper Qian River was the Liu River, also called the You River; it entered the northwest of the county from Wuxuan; on the left a branch channel called the Nanlu River flowed southeast past north of the seat and met the Yu River. The Yu River—also called the Zuo River—from Guixian passed the southwest of the county, received the Xiujiang on the right and the Penglang River on the left, bent and flowed northeast, and at east of the seat met the Qian River to form the Xun River. Farther northeast the Dajiangling Water joined the southeastern waters and flowed northwest to meet it. The Nanlu River joined the Xiangsi River flowing east to meet it and entered Pingnan to the east. Garrison posts were maintained on the north and south river waters. Garrisons stood at Jing'an to the north and Wujing to the northeast. There were two Circuit Intendant offices—Dahuangjiang and Mule Market. Pingnan: strategically important. It lay 90 li east of the prefecture. To the northeast stood Gouyailing. To the southeast stood Huanghua Mountain. To the northwest stood Langshi Mountain. The Xun River entered from Guiping, received the Siwang River on the left, and flowed southeast; the Wujiang joined several small waters flowing south to meet it. It passed south of the seat, then southeast; on the left the Qinchuan River and Baisha River from northeast Guiping flowed in to join it before entering Teng County to the east. The Datong River rose in the Longjun Yao lands to the northwest, flowed southeast, and also entered Teng County. A detachment of the Xunzhou Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. Garrison posts stood at Zhangmu Market and Danzhu Market to the southeast. There were two Circuit Intendant offices—Datong Township and Qinchuan Township—established under the Ming arrangement. Water postal station: Wujiang. Gui County: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 170 li southwest of the prefecture. To the north stood Dabeishan. To the east stood Xiaobeishan. Longshan, 50 li to the north, formed the right arm of Teng Gorge. To the west stood Jinji Gorge. The Yu River entered the southwest of the county from Hengzhou; the Wusi River from Hepu in Guangdong flowed north to join it. It flowed northeast, received the Sijiao River on the left, and the Bao River from Binzhou came and flowed east to join it. It passed south of the seat and east, received the Shajiang and Dongjin rivers on the left and the Hengmei River on the right, and entered Guiping. A detachment of the Xunzhou Brigade right battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. Garrison posts stood at Santang to the southeast, Qintang to the west, and Wushan to the northwest. There was a Wushan Town Circuit Intendant office. The acting prefect was posted at Muzi Market; the post was abolished in Xuantong 2. It had two water postal stations at Dongjin and Xiangjiang. Wuxuan: strategically important. It lay 190 li northwest of the prefecture. In Ming Xuande 6 it was renamed and placed under Xiangzhou. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was subordinate to Liuzhou Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3 its affiliation was changed to directly administered Binzhou; in year 8 it came under this jurisdiction. To the south stood Dateng Gorge. To the northeast stood Jinlong Mountain. To the southwest stood Xianyan Mountain. The Liu River followed the Xiangzhou and Laibin boundary, flowed through the northwest of the county, received the Gucheng Water, bent and flowed south, passed south of the seat, and the Goulou Mountain Water flowed southwest to join it. Farther southeast it received the Guhao River and Wulai Water on the right and the Yin River and Xinjiang Water on the left before entering Guiping. A detachment of the Xunzhou Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. Garrison posts stood at Sichun Village to the south and Dazhang to the southwest. There was a Xiankuo Town Circuit Intendant office. It maintained one postal station at Xianshan.

南寧府：沖，繁，難。左江道治。左江鎮中左右營、南寧城守營駐防總兵官駐。光緒三十二年，提督由龍州移駐。明洪武元年為府，領州七，縣三。順治初，因明舊。雍正十年，下雷土州改隸鎮安府。光緒十三年，上思州改隸太平府。東北距省治千十里。廣三百里，袤百五十里。北極高二十二度五十四分。京師偏西七度五十六分。領州二，縣三，土州三。宣化沖，繁，疲，難。倚。明府治，因之。北：高峰山。西北：聖嶺。東北：昆崙山。鬱江即左江，省境西江南岸一大受渠也，上承左、右二江。左江自新寧入，東北流，右江自隆安入，東南流，至合江鎮合流曰鬱江。屈折東流，左受星盈江，經府治南，右受烏水江、八尺江。又東，左受大沖江、伶俐江，入永淳。東八尺江、西三江口、南那曉墟、北宣賓陸路有汛。有八尺寨、三官堡、金城寨、遷隆寨、墰落墟五巡司。驛四：建武、黃花、陵山、大淮。南寧關。商埠，光緒三十二年自開。新寧州簡。府西百十里。北：青雲山。南：獨秀山。東北：六合山。麗江一曰左江，亦曰定淥江，鬱江南系也，自土江州入，受響水，東北流，右受旺庄河，經治北，左受淥甕水，曰左江，入宣化。左江鎮右營分防汛駐城。隆安簡。府西北二百八十五里。東：馬王山。東南：金榜、梅龜山。右江自果化北、歸德南東南入，左納塘河水，南，右受佛子溪、曲霞溪，經治北，東南流，綠絳水自萬承來，合羅興江，東北流注之。又東南，南流江亦自武緣來會，折南入宣化。左江鎮左營分防汛駐城。西北有果化卡汛。橫州沖，繁。府東南二百四十里。東：橫嶺。北：震龍山。東北：定祥山。西北：平天嶺。鬱江自永淳入，東流，右受橫槎江、平南江、鹿江，經治南，東北流，左受清江，右受武流江，折北，古江自永淳東南流注之，東北入貴縣。南寧營分防汛駐城。有大灘巡司。水驛二：烏蠻、川門。永淳簡。府東二百五里。明屬橫州。順治初，改屬府。東：雷峰嶺。東南：火煙。東北：鎮龍山。鬱江自宣化入，東南流，經治北，東班江自賓州來注之。繞城東南，秋風江自廣東靈山來注之。又東南入橫州。左江鎮中營分防汛駐城。西南：那懷汛。北有武羅、南里鄉二巡司。水驛二：永淳、火煙。土忠州府西南二百二十里。北：芭仙山。旺庄河出州南，東北流，經治南，折北入新寧，註定淥江。歸德土州府西北三百二十五里。北：九兒山。右江自上林流經白山南、果化北入，緣界東南流，至馱灣村，入隆安。果化土州府西北三百六十里。南：青秀山。東南：獨石山。右江為州北界，東南流，經旺墟，右界歸德，入隆安。

Nanning Prefecture: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Zuojiang Circuit Intendancy. The regional commander of the Zuojiang Garrison central, left, and right battalions and the Nanning City Garrison was posted for defense. In Guangxu 32 the provincial military commander was relocated from Longzhou. In Hongwu 1 of the Ming it became a prefecture, governing seven departments and three counties. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Yongzheng 10 Xialei Native Department was reassigned to Zhen'an Prefecture. In Guangxu 13 Shangsi Department was reassigned to Taiping Prefecture. It lay 1,010 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 300 li in width and 150 li in length. Its latitude was 22°54′ north. It lay 7°56′ west of the capital. It governed two departments, three counties, and three native departments. Xuanhua: strategically important, busy, fiscally strained, and difficult to administer. Seat of the prefecture. It had served as the Ming prefectural seat. To the north stood Gaofeng Mountain. To the northwest stood Shengling. To the northeast stood Kunlun Mountain. The Yu River was the Zuo River, a major receiving channel on the south bank of the Xi River within the province; upstream it received the Zuo and You rivers. The Zuo River entered from Xining and flowed northeast; the You River entered from Long'an and flowed southeast; at Hejiang Town they united and were called the Yu River. It bent and flowed east, received the Xingying River on the left, passed south of the prefectural seat, and received the Wushui and Bachi rivers on the right. Farther east it received the Dachong and Lingli rivers on the left and entered Yongchun. Garrison posts stood at Bachi River to the east, Sanjiangkou to the west, Nanxiao Market to the south, and the Xuanbin overland route to the north. There were five Circuit Intendant offices—Bachizhai, Sanguanbao, Jinchengzai, Qianlongzhai, and Tanluo Market. It maintained four postal stations: Jianwu, Huanghua, Lingshan, and Dahuai. Nanning Customs. A treaty port, opened on its own in Guangxu 32. Xining Department was administratively simple. It lay 110 li west of the prefecture. To the north stood Qingyun Mountain. To the south stood Duxiu Mountain. To the northeast stood Liuhe Mountain. The Lijiang—also called the Zuo River and the Dinglu River—was the southern branch of the Yu River; it entered from Tujiang Department, received the Xiangshui, flowed northeast, received the Wangzhuang River on the right, passed north of the seat, received the Lüweng Water on the left, and was called the Zuo River as it entered Xuanhua. A detachment of the Zuojiang Garrison right battalion was posted in the city for defense. Long'an was administratively simple. It lay 285 li northwest of the prefecture. To the east stood Mawang Mountain. To the southeast stood Jinbang and Meigui Mountain. The You River entered from the north of Guohua and south of Guide, flowing southeast; on the left it received the Tanghe Water; southward, on the right it received the Fozixi and Quxia streams; it passed north of the seat and flowed southeast; the Lüjiang Water from Wancheng joined the Luoxing River and flowed northeast to meet it. Farther southeast the Nanliu River also came from Wuyuan to meet it, then turned south into Xuanhua. A detachment of the Zuojiang Garrison left battalion was posted in the city for defense. To the northwest was the Guohua Pass garrison post. Hengzhou: strategically important and busy. It lay 240 li southeast of the prefecture. To the east stood Hengling. To the north stood Zhenlong Mountain. To the northeast stood Dingxiang Mountain. To the northwest stood Pingtianling. The Yu River entered from Yongchun, flowed east, received the Hengcha, Pingnan, and Lu rivers on the right, passed south of the seat, flowed northeast, received the Qing River on the left and the Wuliu River on the right, bent north; the Gujiang from southeast Yongchun flowed in to join it, and northeast it entered Gui County. A detachment of the Nanning Garrison was posted in the city for defense. There was a Datan Circuit Intendant office. It had two water postal stations at Wuman and Chuanmen. Yongchun was administratively simple. It lay 205 li east of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Hengzhou. At the beginning of Shunzhi its affiliation was changed to the prefecture. To the east stood Leifengling. To the southeast stood Huoyan. To the northeast stood Zhenlong Mountain. The Yu River entered from Xuanhua, flowed southeast, and passed north of the seat; the Dongban River from Binzhou came to join it. It looped southeast of the city; the Qiufeng River from Lingshan in Guangdong came to join it. Farther southeast it entered Hengzhou. A detachment of the Zuojiang Garrison central battalion was posted in the city for defense. To the southwest was the Nahua garrison post. To the north there were two Circuit Intendant offices at Wuluo and Nanli townships. It had two water postal stations at Yongchun and Huoyan. Tuzhong Native Department lay 220 li southwest of the prefecture. To the north stood Baxian Mountain. The Wangzhuang River rose south of the department, flowed northeast, passed south of the seat, bent north into Xining, and entered the Dinglu River. Guide Native Department lay 325 li northwest of the prefecture. To the north stood Jiuer Mountain. The You River from Shanglin flowed past south of Baishan and north of Guohua to enter, followed the boundary southeast, and at Tuowan Village entered Long'an. Guohua Native Department lay 360 li northwest of the prefecture. To the south stood Qingxiu Mountain. To the southeast stood Dushi Mountain. The You River formed the northern boundary of the department, flowed southeast, passed Wang Market, bordered Guide on the right, and entered Long'an.

太平府：沖，難。太平思順道治所。新太協左營駐防副將駐。明洪武二年為府，領州十七，縣三。順治初，因明舊。雍正三年，置上龍、下龍二土司。七年，廢下龍司，置龍州廳。十年，改思明土府為土思州，並所屬下石西土州來屬。十一年，改思明州為寧明州，置明江廳，兼管上石土州事，降直隸江州為土州，及所屬羅白縣為土縣，又降思陵、憑祥二直隸為土州，並來屬，省思城土州入崇善縣。光緒十三年，上思州來屬。十八年，升上思州為直隸廳。宣統二年，憑祥土司改流官，置憑祥廳。舊隸左江道。光緒十三年，改隸太平思順道。提督駐龍州，督辦邊防。光緒十二年由柳州移駐。二十九年，改置督辦邊防大臣。三十一年廢。以太平思順道辦理邊防事務。自光緒十一年越南淪陷，法人逼處西南一隅，與越南諒山、高平、宣光等省接壤；邊防處處險要。分三路：自鎮南關口及關以內憑祥廳所轄各關前隘為中路；關以東，自明江廳寧明州暨下石西、思陵土州，至土思州屬派遷山止，所轄各隘為東路；關以西，自龍州、歸順州即下凍、下雷土州，至鎮邊縣屬各達村岩峒橋頭止，所轄各隘為西路。沿邊千八百九十四里，隘卡百五十有六，有防兵二十五營，分扎沿邊對汛及各砲台。東北距省治千二百八十里。廣五百七十里，袤六百六里。北極高二十二度二十五分。京師偏西八度五十分。領廳二，州四，縣一，土州十六，土縣二，土司一。崇善沖，難。倚。明府治，又思城州地。順治初因之。雍正十一年省思城土州入，以縣丞分駐。北：青連。東：將軍。東南：銀山。西北：翠微、馬鞍山。西南：麗江自上龍流經縣西南，左受邏水，東北流，繞治西、南、東三面，納邏水，舊名歸順河，一曰舊縣江，自安平南流，通利江自養利來注之，又經太平流入縣西北，右受多烈水，注麗江。東北有崩坎汛。有馱盧巡司。左州沖。府東北九十五里。南：天燈。東：雲岩。西北：金山。西南：華父山。麗江自崇善緣界，經崇善馱盧司，左受橋龍江，東北入新寧。新大協左營分防汛駐城。驛一：馱林。養利州難。府西北百四十里。東：武陽山。南：無懷。西：印山。西北：通利江自龍英緣界，東南流入州，西經響水橋，大嶺墟水東北來，至迎恩橋注之，南入崇善。新太協左營分防汛駐城。永康州難。府東北百八十里。明萬曆二十八年升州，省思同州入，與陀陵縣並屬府。順治初因之。康熙三十八年，陀陵縣併入州。南：鳳凰山。西南：天馬山。西：吞臼、星游、月獅、連吸諸嶺。西北：淥倥山，淥倥江所出，一曰綠甕江，屈曲東南流，經治西南，淥零水東流注之，東南入羅陽。新太協左營分防汛駐城。寧明州沖，難。府西南百二十里。明，思明州。順治初為土州。康熙五十八年改流官。雍正五年罷知州，以思明府同知兼管州事。十一年，以思明四寨、六團改置寧明州。乾隆元年移治思明土府舊城。東北：風門嶺。西北：龍勝山。西南：伏波山。明江自土思州入，西流，經明江廳西南，交趾河自越南來，左合下石州水注之，西北經治北，曲流三十餘里，入上龍土司會龍江。馗纛營駐防風門嶺。西南羅隘有汛。明江廳沖，難。府西南百十里。明，思明府又上石西州地。順治初為思明土府同知。雍正十一年改為明江理土督捕同知、兼管上石西州事，駐思明土府舊城。北：珠峽。西南：伏波。東北：風門嶺。東南：白馬山。明江自土思州入，屈西，逕明江廳至城東，又西北逕那關山，入上龍。馗纛營分防汛駐城。龍州廳沖，難。府西百八十里。明，龍州，直隸布政司。順治初來屬。雍正三年罷州，析其地為上龍司、下龍司，置土巡檢。七年廢下龍司，移太平府通判駐劄。乾隆五十六年改同知。東：獨山。北：軍山。西南：秀嶺。龍江有南北二源：北源曰平定溪，自越南流入廳西北水口關，東南流，經上下凍土州，至治西南，會南源；南源曰豈宜溪，自越南流經廳西南平南關，界憑祥北境，屈東北至治西南，與北源合，東流曰龍江，入上龍。光緒十三年，提督來駐。二十九年，督辦邊防大臣駐。尋廢，提督移駐南寧。有提標中營、龍州城守營駐防。西北：水口關、斗奧隘有汛。龍州關。商埠，光緒十三年法越商務條約開。有東西關砲台。有鐵路。憑祥廳府西南二百三十里。明成化十八年升州，直隸布政司。順治初，為土州來屬。宣統二年改流官，置撫民同知，並明江同知兼攝之。舊上石土州入焉，併兼轄承審下石土州，仍舊治。東：白石山。南：叫谷山、馬鞍山。龍江南源界廳北境，憑祥水自治南合澗水北流注之，東南入龍州。西南：鎮南關，一曰界首關，越南入境第一門戶也。有左右輔山砲台。東受降城、北平南關、南由隘南關、西南咘沙卡有汛。太平土州府西北百十里。東：九峰山。東南：龍蟠山。西北：邏水自安平入，右受五橋水，東南入崇善。多烈水亦自安平入，東南流入上龍。安平土州府西北百三十七里。南：會仙岩，西南：星山。邏水自下雷入，東南經州署北，左界崇善、思城境，入太平。多烈水自越南流入，經岩崑山南麓，又東南亦入太平。五橋水出州西北要村隘，東南流，經五橋，至太平土州，注邏水。萬承土州府東北二百五十里。東北：金童山。西北：蓮花山。西南：雲門、紫洞。綠降水一曰玉帶水，出州西南玉屏山，經州署南，東北入隆安，注右江。茗盈土州府西北百七十里。南：岜懷山。東北：觀音岩，澗水出焉，西來一澗水，至州署南合流，曰茗盈水，西南經養利入龍英，注通利江。全茗土州府西北百六十里。北：州望山。西北：猛山。通利江自龍英東南流，至仙橋入境，又東南經州署西，合布顯水，屈西南，復入龍英。龍英土州府西北二百里。北：筆架山。西南：通山。通利江自都康東流入州，西北，左受寧墟水，東南流，屈西南，經全茗境，復折入州，州署前諸水合穠茗水東流注之，又東南，納茗盈水，入養利。結倫土州府西北二百三十里。東：高峙山。東北：陽果嶺。西北：斗牟山。咘吝水出山澗中，流繞州前，南有咘畢水自都結來，堰水上流也。結安土州府西北二百二十里。東：馬鞍山。南：窟井山。北：飛鼠山。西南有堰水，即澗水也，出都結山澗中，流入境，伏而復出，土人堰水灌田，曰堰水。鎮遠土州府西北三百十里。南：筆架山。西：天馬山。北：揚山。西北：布腰岩。磨水出東南，入結安。都結土州府東北三百六十里。北：青雲山。南：觀音山。西：陽果嶺，沛水出焉，曲折東北流，受二小水，東南經州署北曰綠水江，東入隆安。咘畢水一曰澗水，西南流；經結倫，至結安南為堰水。思陵土州府西南二百四十里。明，思陵州，直隸布政司。順治初，為土州來屬。東：天馬山。東北：東陵山。南：角硬山，角硬水所出，東流，右受板邦隘、叫荒隘二水，又東北，折西，經東陵山南麓，又西南，經州署南，入越南。土江州府南二十五里。明，江州，直隸布政司。順治初，為土州來屬。南：波岩山。州東：掛榜山。東南：榕樹嶺。麗江自上龍流經州西北，左界崇善境，東北流，屈東南，入左州、新寧界。土思州府南百二里。明，思明府，直隸布政司。順治初，為土府來屬。雍正十年改土州，更名，移治伯江哨。西：飛仙岩，西南：摩天嶺。東南：派遷山。明江自遷隆峒入，經州署北，又西入寧明。東有海淵墟汛。驛一：明江。下石西土州府西南百六十里，明屬思明府。順治初來屬，歸寧明州兼轄。宣統二年，改歸憑祥廳。西北：白樂山。西：獨山。東有一水流合交趾河，東北註明江。上下凍土州府西二百二十里。南：湖山。北：岜梱山。西南：八峰山。龍江北源自越南入龍州西北轄境，東南流，經州署北，咘局隘水合咅花隘水，東流至州南注之，東入龍州。有龍州營分防汛。羅白土縣府東南五十里。明屬江州。順治初來屬。東南：龍洞山。西南：羅高山。北：獨龍山。隴水出，西北入江州。羅陽土縣府東北二百里。東：青龍山。西北：白虎山，一曰白面山。綠甕水自永康流經縣署西南，又東南，沙房墟水合一水東流注之，入新寧。上龍土司府西百八十里。明，龍州地。雍正三年析置。西北：武德山。北：古甑山，古甑泉出焉，南流經司署，西入龍州。龍江自龍州入司南，東北至三江口會明江。屈東南流，合邏水，入崇善。多烈水自太平入司東北，亦東南入崇善，注邏水。

Taiping Prefecture: strategically important and difficult to administer. Seat of the Taiping-Sishun Circuit Intendancy. The deputy commander of the Xintai Brigade left battalion garrison was posted for defense. In Hongwu 2 of the Ming it became a prefecture, governing seventeen departments and three counties. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Yongzheng 3 the Shanglong and Xialong native chieftaincies were established. In year 7 the Xialong office was abolished and Longzhou Subprefecture was established. In year 10 Siming Native Prefecture was changed to Tusizhou, and its subordinate Xiashixi Native Department came under its jurisdiction. In year 11 Siming Department was changed to Ningming Department, Mingjiang Subprefecture was established with concurrent administration of Shangshi Native Department affairs; directly administered Jiangzhou was reduced to a native department, and its subordinate Luobai County to a native county; Siming and Pingxiang directly administered departments were reduced to native departments and all came under its jurisdiction; Sicheng Native Department was abolished and merged into Chongshan County. In Guangxu 13 Shangsi Department came under its jurisdiction. In year 18 Shangsi Department was promoted to a directly governed subprefecture. In Xuantong 2 the Pingxiang native chieftaincy was brought under regular administration and Pingxiang Subprefecture was established. It had formerly fallen under the Zuojiang Circuit. In Guangxu 13 its affiliation was changed to the Taiping-Sishun Circuit. The provincial military commander was posted at Longzhou to supervise frontier defense. In Guangxu 12 he was relocated from Liuzhou. In year 29 the post of Frontier Defense Superintendent was established. It was abolished in year 31. The Taiping-Sishun Circuit handled frontier defense affairs. Since Vietnam fell in Guangxu 11, the French pressed close on the southwestern corner, bordering the Vietnamese provinces of Lang Son, Cao Bang, and Tuyen Quang; the frontier was strategically critical everywhere. It was divided into three routes: from Zhennanguan Pass and the passes and barriers within its jurisdiction under Pingxiang Subprefecture as the central route; east of the pass, from Mingjiang Subprefecture and Ningming Department together with Xiashixi and Siling native departments, to Paiqian Mountain under Tusizhou, the passes and barriers under its jurisdiction as the eastern route; west of the pass, from Longzhou and Guishun Department—that is, Xiadong and Xialei native departments—to Gedacun Yandong Qiaotou under Zhenbian County, the passes and barriers under its jurisdiction as the western route. Along the border stretched 1,894 li with 156 pass forts, and twenty-five frontier defense battalions were stationed at opposing posts along the border and at the various batteries. It lay 1,280 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 570 li in width and 606 li in length. Its latitude was 22°25′ north. It lay 8°50′ west of the capital. It governed two subprefectures, four departments, one county, sixteen native departments, two native counties, and one native chieftaincy. Chongshan: strategically important and difficult to administer. Seat of the prefecture. It comprised the Ming prefectural seat and Sicheng Department territory. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed this arrangement. In Yongzheng 11 Sicheng Native Department was abolished and merged in; an assistant county magistrate was posted separately. To the north stood Qinglian. To the east stood Jiangjun. To the southeast stood Yinshan. To the northwest stood Cuiwei and Ma'an Mountain. To the southwest the Lijiang from Shanglong flowed through the southwest of the county, received the Luo Water on the left, flowed northeast, and looped west, south, and east on three sides of the seat to receive the Luo Water; formerly called the Guishun River, also called the Jiuxian River; the Tongli River from Anping flowed south; the Tongli River from Yangli came to join it; it again passed through Taiping and entered the northwest of the county, received the Duolie Water on the right, and entered the Lijiang. To the northeast was the Bengkan garrison post. There was a Tuolu Circuit Intendant office. Zuozhou: strategically important. It lay 95 li northeast of the prefecture. To the south stood Tiandeng. To the east stood Yunyan. To the northwest stood Jinshan. To the southwest stood Huafu Mountain. The Lijiang from Chongshan followed the boundary, passed the Tuolu office of Chongshan, received the Qiaolong River on the left, and entered Xining to the northeast. A detachment of the Xindai Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. It maintained one postal station at Tuolin. Yangli Department: difficult to administer. It lay 140 li northwest of the prefecture. To the east stood Wuyang Mountain. To the south stood Wuhuai. To the west stood Yinshan. The Tongli River from Longying followed the boundary, flowed southeast into the department, passed west of Xiangshui Bridge; the Daling Market Water came from the northeast; at Ying'en Bridge it joined and flowed south into Chongshan. A detachment of the Xintai Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. Yongkang Department: difficult to administer. It lay 180 li northeast of the prefecture. In Ming Wanli 28 it was promoted to a department; Sitong Department was abolished and merged in, together with Tuoling County subordinate to the prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed this arrangement. In Kangxi 38 Tuoling County was merged into the department. To the south stood Fenghuang Mountain. To the southwest stood Tianma Mountain. To the west stood Tunjiu, Xingyou, Yueshi, and Lianxi ridges. To the northwest stood Lukong Mountain, where the Lukong River rose, also called the Lüweng River; it bent and flowed southeast, passed southwest of the seat; the Lüling Water flowed east to join it, and southeast it entered Luoyang. A detachment of the Xintai Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. Ningming Department: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was Siming Department. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native department. In Kangxi 58 it was brought under regular administration. In Yongzheng 5 the department magistrate was abolished; the Siming Prefecture sub-prefect concurrently administered department affairs. In year 11 the four stockades and six regiments of Siming were reorganized as Ningming Department. In Qianlong 1 the seat was moved to the old city of Siming Native Prefecture. To the northeast stood Fengmenling. To the northwest stood Longsheng Mountain. To the southwest stood Fubo Mountain. The Ming River entered from Tusizhou, flowed west, and passed southwest of Mingjiang Subprefecture; the Jiaozhi River came from Vietnam; on the left the Xiashixi Department water joined it; northwest it passed north of the seat, meandered more than thirty li, and entered Shanglong Native Chieftaincy to meet the Long River. The Kuidao Garrison was posted for defense at Fengmenling. To the southwest was the Luoyi garrison post. Mingjiang Subprefecture: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 110 li southwest of the prefecture. Under the Ming it comprised Siming Prefecture and Shangshixi Department territory. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was the sub-prefect of Siming Native Prefecture. In Yongzheng 11 it was changed to the Mingjiang Native-administration and Bandit-suppression Sub-prefect with concurrent administration of Shangshixi Department affairs, posted at the old city of Siming Native Prefecture. To the north stood Zhuxia. To the southwest stood Fubo. To the northeast stood Fengmenling. To the southeast stood Baima Mountain. The Ming River entered from Tusizhou, bent west, passed Mingjiang Subprefecture to the east of the city, then northwest passed Naguan Mountain, and entered Shanglong. A detachment of the Kuidao Garrison was posted in the city for defense. Longzhou Subprefecture: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay 180 li west of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was Longzhou, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it came under its jurisdiction. In Yongzheng 3 the department was abolished; its territory was divided into Shanglong and Xialong chieftaincies, and a native circuit intendant was established. In year 7 the Xialong office was abolished and the Taiping Prefecture acting prefect was posted there. In Qianlong 56 it was changed to sub-prefect. To the east stood Dushan. To the north stood Junshan. To the southwest stood Xiuling. The Long River had north and south sources: the northern source was called the Pingding Stream; it entered from Vietnam at Shuikou Pass in the northwest of the subprefecture, flowed southeast, passed the upper and lower Xiadong native departments, reached southwest of the seat, and met the southern source; the southern source was called the Qiyi Stream; it entered from Vietnam, flowed through Pingnan Pass in the southwest of the subprefecture, bordered the north of Pingxiang, bent northeast to the southwest of the seat, united with the northern source, flowed east as the Long River, and entered Shanglong. In Guangxu 13 the provincial military commander came to be posted. In year 29 the Frontier Defense Superintendent was posted. Soon abolished; the provincial military commander was relocated to Nanning. The provincial command central battalion and Longzhou City Garrison were posted for defense. Northwest: garrison posts at Shuikou Pass and Dou'ao Barrier. Longzhou Customs. A treaty port, opened under the Franco-Vietnamese Commercial Treaty of Guangxu 13. There were East and West Pass batteries. There was a railway. Pingxiang Subprefecture lay 230 li southwest of the prefecture. In Ming Chenghua 18 it was promoted to a department, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native department coming under its jurisdiction. In Xuantong 2 it was brought under regular administration; a pacification sub-prefect was established, and the Mingjiang sub-prefect was given concurrent charge. The former Shangshi Native Department was incorporated; it also retained jurisdiction over the trial of Xiashixi Native Department, still at the old seat. To the east stood Baishi Mountain. To the south stood Jiaogu Mountain and Ma'an Mountain. The southern source of the Long River bordered the north of the subprefecture; the Pingxiang Water from south of the seat joined the Hejian Water flowing north to meet it, and southeast it entered Longzhou. Southwest: Zhennanguan, also called Jieshou Pass, the first gateway into Vietnam. There were batteries on the Zuoyoufu Mountains. Garrison posts stood at Shouxiangcheng to the east, Beipingnanguan to the north, Nanyou'ai Nanguan to the south, and Bushaka to the southwest. Taiping Native Department lay 110 li northwest of the prefecture. To the east stood Jiufeng Mountain. To the southeast stood Longpan Mountain. To the northwest the Luo Water entered from Anping, received the Wuqiao Water on the right, and flowed southeast into Chongshan. The Duolie Water also entered from Anping and flowed southeast into Shanglong. Anping Native Department lay 137 li northwest of the prefecture. To the south stood Huixian Rock; to the southwest, Xingshan. The Luo Water entered from Xialei, flowed southeast past north of the department seat, bordered Chongshan and Sicheng on the left, and entered Taiping. The Duolie Water entered from Vietnam, passed the southern foothills of Yankun Mountain, and also flowed southeast into Taiping. The Wuqiao Water rose at Yaocun Pass northwest of the department, flowed southeast, passed Wuqiao, reached Taiping Native Department, and entered the Luo Water. Wancheng Native Department lay 250 li northeast of the prefecture. To the northeast stood Jintong Mountain. To the northwest stood Lianhua Mountain. To the southwest stood Yunmen and Zidong. The Lüjiang Water—also called the Yudai Water—rose at Yuping Mountain southwest of the department, passed south of the department seat, and northeast entered Long'an to enter the You River. Mingying Native Department lay 170 li northwest of the prefecture. To the south stood Bayai Mountain. To the northeast stood Guanyin Rock, where a stream rose; a stream came from the west; at south of the department seat they united as the Mingying Water, flowed southwest through Yangli into Longying, and entered the Tongli River. Quanming Native Department lay 160 li northwest of the prefecture. To the north stood Zhouwang Mountain. To the northwest stood Mengshan. The Tongli River from Longying flowed southeast; at Xianqiao it entered the territory, passed west of the department seat, joined the Buxian Water, bent southwest, and re-entered Longying. Longying Native Department lay 200 li northwest of the prefecture. To the north stood Bijia Mountain. To the southwest stood Tongshan. The Tongli River entered from Dukang flowing east into the department; northwest, on the left it received the Ningxu Water, flowed southeast, bent southwest, passed through Quanming territory, bent back into the department; the waters before the department seat united and the Nongming Water flowed east to join it; farther southeast it received the Mingying Water and entered Yangli. Jielun Native Department lay 230 li northwest of the prefecture. To the east stood Gaozhi Mountain. To the northeast stood Yangguoling. To the northwest stood Doumou Mountain. The Bulin Water rose in a mountain stream and flowed around the front of the department; to the south the Bibishui came from Dujie—the dammed upper stream. Jie'an Native Department lay 220 li northwest of the prefecture. To the east stood Ma'an Mountain. To the south stood Kujing Mountain. To the north stood Feishu Mountain. To the southwest was the Yanshui—that is, the stream water—rising in the Dujie mountain stream, entering the territory, sinking and re-emerging; the people dammed the water to irrigate fields and called it Yanshui. Zhenyuan Native Department lay 310 li northwest of the prefecture. To the south stood Bijia Mountain. To the west stood Tianma Mountain. To the north stood Yangshan. To the northwest stood Buyao Rock. The Mo Water rose to the southeast and entered Jie'an. Dujie Native Department lay 360 li northeast of the prefecture. To the north stood Qingyun Mountain. To the south stood Guanyin Mountain. To the west stood Yangguoling, where the Pei Water rose; it bent and flowed northeast, received two small waters, passed north of the department seat as the Lüshui River, and entered Long'an to the east. The Bibishui—also called the stream water—flowed southwest; passing Jielun, to the south of Jie'an it became the Yanshui. Siling Native Department lay 240 li southwest of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was Siling Department, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native department coming under its jurisdiction. To the east stood Tianma Mountain. To the northeast stood Dongling Mountain. To the south stood Jiaoying Mountain, where the Jiaoying Water rose, flowed east, received the Banbang'ai and Jiaohuang'ai waters on the right, farther northeast bent west, passed the southern foothills of Dongling Mountain, farther southwest passed south of the department seat, and entered Vietnam. Tujiang Native Department lay 25 li south of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was Jiangzhou, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native department coming under its jurisdiction. To the south stood Boyan Mountain. East of the department stood Guabang Mountain. To the southeast stood Rongshuling. The Lijiang from Shanglong flowed through the northwest of the department, bordered Chongshan on the left, flowed northeast, bent southeast, and entered the boundary of Zuozhou and Xining. Tusizhou Native Department lay 102 li south of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was Siming Prefecture, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native prefecture coming under its jurisdiction. In Yongzheng 10 it was changed to a native department, renamed, and the seat moved to Bojiang Post. To the west stood Feixian Rock; to the southwest, Motianling. To the southeast stood Paiqian Mountain. The Ming River entered from Qianlongdong, passed north of the department seat, and west entered Ningming. To the east was the Haiyuan Market garrison post. It maintained one postal station at Mingjiang. Xiashixi Native Department lay 160 li southwest of the prefecture; under the Ming it was subordinate to Siming Prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it came under its jurisdiction and was placed under concurrent jurisdiction of Ningming Department. In Xuantong 2 its affiliation was changed to Pingxiang Subprefecture. To the northwest stood Baile Mountain. To the west stood Dushan. To the east a stream joined the Jiaozhi River and northeast entered the Ming River. Shangxia Dong Native Department lay 220 li west of the prefecture. To the south stood Hushan. To the north stood Bakun Mountain. To the southwest stood Bafeng Mountain. The northern source of the Long River entered from Vietnam into the northwest jurisdiction of Longzhou, flowed southeast, passed north of the department seat; the Buju'ai Water joined the Puhua'ai Water, flowed east to the south of the department to meet it, and east entered Longzhou. There was a detachment of the Longzhou Garrison for defense. Luobai Native County lay 50 li southeast of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was subordinate to Jiangzhou. At the beginning of Shunzhi it came under its jurisdiction. To the southeast stood Longdong Mountain. To the southwest stood Luogao Mountain. To the north stood Dulong Mountain. The Long Water rose and northwest entered Jiangzhou. Luoyang Native County lay 200 li northeast of the prefecture. To the east stood Qinglong Mountain. To the northwest stood Baihu Mountain, also called Baimian Mountain. The Lüweng Water from Yongkang flowed through the southwest of the county seat; farther southeast the Shafang Market Water joined a stream flowing east to meet it and entered Xining. Shanglong Native Chieftaincy lay 180 li west of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was Longzhou territory. It was established by division in Yongzheng 3. To the northwest stood Wude Mountain. To the north stood Guzeng Mountain; the Guzeng Spring rose there, flowed south past the chieftaincy seat, and west entered Longzhou. The Long River entered from Longzhou south of the chieftaincy, northeast to Sanjiangkou to meet the Ming River. It bent and flowed southeast, joined the Luo Water, and entered Chongshan. The Duolie Water from Taiping entered the northeast of the chieftaincy, also southeast into Chongshan, and entered the Luo Water.

上思直隸廳要。隸左江道。提標上思營駐防。明，上思州，屬南寧府。順治初，因明舊。光緒十三年，改屬太平府。十八年，升為直隸廳，以南寧府屬之遷隆土司隸之。東北距省治千二百八十里。廣百二十五里，袤七十三里。北極高二十二度十一分。京師偏西八度十三分。領土司一。廳北：望州山。西南：營盤山。十萬大山環列廳東、南、西三面，延袤百餘里，接廣東欽州訖越南祿州界，游匪出沒所也。沿山有八隘。明江出廳西南十萬山中，東北流六十餘里，屈西北，經治南，又西南，平弄隘、平寨隘二水合會遷隆峒、板蒙隘水北流注之，西北入遷隆。遷隆峒土司廳西七十里。明土巡檢司，屬上思州。順治初因之，與上思並屬南寧府。光緒十八年來屬。北：分界嶺。東南：那馬。明江自廳入，西北逕城東，屈西南入土思州。

Shangsi Directly Governed Subprefecture: strategically important. It fell under the Zuojiang Circuit Intendancy. The provincial command Shangsi Garrison was posted for defense. Under the Ming it was Shangsi Department, subordinate to Nanning Prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. In Guangxu 13 its affiliation was changed to Taiping Prefecture. In year 18 it was promoted to a directly governed subprefecture; Qianlong Native Chieftaincy formerly under Nanning Prefecture was placed under it. It lay 1,280 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 125 li in width and 73 li in length. Its latitude was 22°11′ north. It lay 8°13′ west of the capital. It governed one native chieftaincy. North of the subprefecture stood Wangzhou Mountain. To the southwest stood Yingpan Mountain. The Shiwanda Mountains ringed the east, south, and west on three sides, extending more than a hundred li, reaching Qinzhou in Guangdong and the Lu Department border in Vietnam—a haunt of roaming bandits. Along the mountains there were eight passes. The Ming River rose in the Shiwanda Mountains southwest of the subprefecture, flowed northeast more than sixty li, bent northwest, passed south of the seat, then southwest; the Pingnong'ai and Pingzhai'ai waters joined the Qianlongdong and Banmeng'ai waters flowing north to meet it, and northwest it entered Qianlong. Qianlongdong Native Chieftaincy lay 70 li west of the subprefecture. Under the Ming it was a native circuit intendant office, subordinate to Shangsi Department. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed this arrangement; together with Shangsi it was subordinate to Nanning Prefecture. In Guangxu 18 it came under its jurisdiction. To the north stood Fenjieling. To the southeast stood Nama. The Ming River entered from the subprefecture, northwest passed east of the city, bent southwest into Tusizhou.

鎮安府難。隸左江道。明洪武二年為府。順治初，為土府，隸思恩府。康熙二年，改設流官通判。雍正七年，升為府，隸右江道，以向武、都康、上映三土州隸之，歸順州改流來屬。十年，思恩府屬之奉議土州，改設流官州判，又南寧府屬之下雷土州並來屬。改隸左江道。乾隆三年，置天保縣為府治。三十一年，置小鎮安廳。光緒元年，升奉議為州。十二年，升歸順州為直隸州，改小鎮安廳為鎮邊縣，並下雷土州往屬之。東北距省治千六百八十五里。廣百三十里，袤百六十里。北極高二十三度十九分。京師偏西九度四十三分。領州一，縣一，土州三。天保難。倚。明，鎮安府地。乾隆三年置。北：天保山，東北：扶蘇山。西：鑒山。歸順江一曰浤渰江，自歸順入縣西，伏流，至鑒山前復出，東流經治南，右受馱命江，天保泉自北來注，又東，左受咘來河，右受歸順之武平河，東北入奉議。鎮安協右營分防汛駐城。奉議州沖。府東北二百十里。明洪武二十八年改衛，尋復為州，直隸布政司。嘉靖中，改屬思恩府。順治初為土州。雍正十年改掌印州判來屬。光緒元年升為州。東北：獅子山。東南：三齊山。西：大小蓮花山，有蓮花關。右江自百色南流入州，西北折東，經治北。又東北，寅桑河自百色來，隆溪自恩隆來，南流注之。東南流，右受歸順江，左界恩隆入上林。鎮安協左營分防汛駐城。西南：古眉墟汛。東南：作登墟巡司。向武土州府東南百六十里。明初屬田州府，尋廢。建文中復置，直隸布政司。順治初，隸思恩府。雍正七年來屬。東南：天台。東北：向陽山，山上有關。西北：上旱山，下有上旱溪，出天保山中，東北流，入奉議。枯榕江一曰大乃溪，出上映州山中，東北曲流合勞溪，經州署西北，又東北入上林。有鎮安協右營分防汛。都康土州府東南百九十里。明初沒於夷僚，建文初復置，直隸布政司。康熙三年，改隸思恩府。雍正七年來屬。東：崇山。北：映秀。南：翠屏山。通利江自上映州入，東流，經州署南，左受岜營水，入龍英。上映土州府東南百八十五里。明初廢為峒。萬曆中復置，隸思恩府。順治初因之。雍正七年來屬。南：錦屏山。西：嶔岫山。西南：八字咅。通利江上源為秀泉，出州西北山中，東南流，經州署南，至仙橋入都康。

Zhen'an Prefecture: difficult to administer. It fell under the Zuojiang Circuit Intendancy. In Hongwu 2 of the Ming it became a prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native prefecture subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. In Kangxi 2 a regular-administration acting prefect was established. In Yongzheng 7 it was promoted to a prefecture, subordinate to the Youjiang Circuit; Xiangwu, Dukang, and Shangying—the three native departments—were placed under it, and Guishun Department was brought under regular administration and came under its jurisdiction. In year 10 Fengyi Native Department formerly under Si'en Prefecture was changed to a regular-administration subprefectural judge; Xialei Native Department of Nanning Prefecture also came under its jurisdiction. Its affiliation was changed to the Zuojiang Circuit. In Qianlong 3 Tianbao County was established as the prefectural seat. In year 31 Xiaozhen'an Subprefecture was established. In Guangxu 1 Fengyi was promoted to a department. In year 12 Guishun Department was promoted to a directly administered department, Xiaozhen'an Subprefecture was changed to Zhenbian County, and Xialei Native Department was transferred to its jurisdiction. It lay 1,685 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 130 li in width and 160 li in length. Its latitude was 23°19′ north. It lay 9°43′ west of the capital. It governed one department, one county, and three native departments. Tianbao: difficult to administer. Seat of the prefecture. Under the Ming it was Zhen'an Prefecture territory. It was established in Qianlong 3. To the north stood Tianbao Mountain; to the northeast, Fusu Mountain. To the west stood Jianshan. The Guishun River—also called the Hongyan River—entered the west of the county from Guishun, sank underground, re-emerged before Jianshan, flowed east past south of the seat, received the Tuoming River on the right; the Tianbao Spring from the north came to join it; farther east, on the left it received the Bulai River, on the right the Wuping River of Guishun, and northeast entered Fengyi. A detachment of the Zhen'an Brigade right battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. Fengyi Department: strategically important. It lay 210 li northeast of the prefecture. In Ming Hongwu 28 it was changed to a guard, then soon restored as a department directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. In the Jiajing era its affiliation was changed to Si'en Prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native department. In Yongzheng 10 the seal-holding subprefectural judge was changed to regular administration and came under its jurisdiction. In Guangxu 1 it was promoted to a department. To the northeast stood Shizi Mountain. To the southeast stood Sanqi Mountain. To the west stood large and small Lianhua Mountain, with Lianhua Pass. The You River from Baise flowed south into the department, bent northwest and east, and passed north of the seat. Farther northeast the Yinsang River from Baise and the Long Stream from Enlong flowed south to join it. It flowed southeast, received the Guishun River on the right, bordered Enlong on the left, and entered Shanglin. A detachment of the Zhen'an Brigade left battalion garrison was posted in the city for defense. To the southwest was the Gumei Market garrison post. To the southeast was the Zuodeng Market Circuit Intendant office. Xiangwu Native Department lay 160 li southeast of the prefecture. Early Ming it was subordinate to Tijian Prefecture, then abolished. It was restored in the Jianwen era, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 it came under its jurisdiction. To the southeast stood Tiantai. To the northeast stood Xiangyang Mountain, with a pass on the mountain. To the northwest stood Shanghan Mountain; below was the Shanghan Stream, rising in the Tianbao mountains, flowing northeast into Fengyi. The Kurong River—also called the Danai Stream—rose in the mountains of Shangying Department, bent northeast to join the Lao Stream, passed northwest of the department seat, and northeast entered Shanglin. There was a detachment of the Zhen'an Brigade right battalion garrison for defense. Dukang Native Department lay 190 li southeast of the prefecture. Early Ming it was lost to the Yi and Liao peoples; restored early Jianwen, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. In Kangxi 3 its affiliation was changed to Si'en Prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 it came under its jurisdiction. To the east stood Chongshan. To the north stood Yingxiu. To the south stood Cuiping Mountain. The Tongli River entered from Shangying Department, flowed east, passed south of the department seat, received the Baying Water on the left, and entered Longying. Shangying Native Department lay 185 li southeast of the prefecture. Early Ming it was abolished as a dong. It was restored in the Wanli era, subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed this arrangement. In Yongzheng 7 it came under its jurisdiction. To the south stood Jinping Mountain. To the west stood Qinxiu Mountain. To the southwest stood Bazipou. The upper source of the Tongli River was the Xiu Spring, rising in the mountains northwest of the department, flowing southeast, passing south of the department seat, and at Xianqiao entering Dukang.

歸順直隸州繁，難。隸太平思順道。鎮安協左營駐防副將駐。明，歸順州，直隸布政司。順治初，為土州，隸思恩府。雍正七年，改流官，隸鎮安府。乾隆十二年，省湖潤寨土巡檢司入焉。光緒十二年，升為直隸州，隸太平思順道，改鎮安府屬之小鎮安廳為鎮邊縣，及下雷土州來屬。東北距省治千八百六十里。廣二百二十里，袤百六十里。北極高二十三度六分。京師偏西九度五十四分。領縣一，土州一。南：獅子。西：嶺衛。西南：叫鵝山。西北：三台、照陽山。龍潭水出城東北里許，南流經治東，穠黎水出州西北，東南流注之，入越南。穠那水出州西，亦東南入越南。歸順江出西北耑雷墟，武平河出東北小龍潭，並東流入天保。邏水出州東，東南流，左受立咅水，入下雷。西：榮勞墟。南：隴邦、壬庄、頻峒各隘有汛。東南：湖潤寨巡司。鎮邊繁，難。州西北二百三十里。明永樂中分置鎮安土州，屬思恩府，尋廢。乾隆八年設土巡檢。三十一年改流官。通判駐轄曰小鎮安廳，光緒十二年改置縣，更名來屬。北：感馱岩。又北：末山，有水西北流，入雲南土富。勞山，勞水所出，西北流，經治西，合大魁水、弄內水，折東北，伏流復出，亦入土富。德窩水出縣南，東南流，經百合墟。折西南，苟華水、坡芽水、百都水並出縣西南，合流注之，入越南。那摩水自越南入州西南邊境，合坡酬水，復西入越南。鎮安協右營駐防。下雷土州府東南二百二十里。本下雷峒。明萬曆十八年，升為州，屬南寧府。順治初，因之為土州。雍正十年，屬鎮安府。光緒十二年來屬。北：天關山。南：地軸山。又南：神農山。邏水一曰西北河，自歸順入州西北，北河自向武來，伏流復出，西南流注之，經署東，又東南，西南河自越南緣界東流注之，入安平。有鎮安營分防汛。

Guishun Directly Administered Department: busy and difficult to administer. It fell under the Taiping-Sishun Circuit Intendancy. The deputy commander of the Zhen'an Brigade left battalion garrison was posted for defense. Under the Ming it was Guishun Department, directly subordinate to the provincial administration commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was a native department subordinate to Si'en Prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 it was brought under regular administration and subordinated to Zhen'an Prefecture. In Qianlong 12 the Hurunzhai Native Circuit Intendant office was abolished and merged in. In Guangxu 12 it was promoted to a directly administered department, subordinate to the Taiping-Sishun Circuit; Xiaozhen'an Subprefecture formerly under Zhen'an Prefecture was changed to Zhenbian County, and Xialei Native Department came under its jurisdiction. It lay 1,860 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 220 li in width and 160 li in length. Its latitude was 23°6′ north. It lay 9°54′ west of the capital. It governed one county and one native department. To the south stood Shizi. To the west stood Lingwei. To the southwest stood Jiao'e Mountain. To the northwest stood Santai and Zhaoyang Mountain. The Longtan Water rose a little more than a li northeast of the city, flowed south past east of the seat; the Nongli Water rose northwest of the department, flowed southeast to meet it, and entered Vietnam. The Nongna Water rose west of the department and also southeast entered Vietnam. The Guishun River rose at Leilei Market in the northwest; the Wuping River rose at Xiaolongtan in the northeast; both flowed east into Tianbao. The Luo Water rose east of the department, flowed southeast, received the Lipou Water on the left, and entered Xialei. To the west lay Ronglao Market. To the south were garrison posts at the Longbang, Renzhuang, Pindong, and various passes. To the southeast was the Hurunzhai Circuit Intendant office. Zhenbian County: busy and difficult to administer. It lay 230 li northwest of the department. In Ming Yongle it was divided as Zhen'an Native Department, subordinate to Si'en Prefecture, then abolished. In Qianlong 8 a native circuit intendant was established. In year 31 it was brought under regular administration. The acting prefect was posted at what was called Xiaozhen'an Subprefecture; in Guangxu 12 it was changed to a county, renamed, and came under its jurisdiction. To the north stood Gantuo Rock. Farther north stood Mo Mountain; a stream flowed northwest and entered Tufu in Yunnan. Lao Mountain, where the Lao Water rose, flowed northwest, passed west of the seat, joined the Dakui and Nongnei waters, bent northeast, sank underground and re-emerged, also entering Tufu. The Dewo Water rose south of the county, flowed southeast, and passed Baihe Market. It bent southwest; Gouhua, Poya, and Baidu waters all rose southwest of the county, united and flowed to meet it, and entered Vietnam. The Namo Water entered the southwestern border from Vietnam, joined the Pochou Water, and again west entered Vietnam. The Zhen'an Brigade right battalion garrison was posted for defense. Xialei Native Department lay 220 li southeast of the prefecture. It was originally Xialei Dong. In Ming Wanli 18 it was promoted to a department, subordinate to Nanning Prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed this arrangement as a native department. In Yongzheng 10 it was subordinate to Zhen'an Prefecture. In Guangxu 12 it came under its jurisdiction. To the north stood Tianguan Mountain. To the south stood Dizhou Mountain. Farther south stood Shennong Mountain. The Luo Water—also called the Xibei River—entered the northwest of the department from Guishun; the Bei River from Xiangwu came, sank underground and re-emerged, flowed southwest to meet it, passed east of the seat, then southeast; the Xinan River from Vietnam followed the boundary flowing east to meet it and entered Anping. There was a detachment of the Zhen'an Garrison for defense.

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