Volume 74 Treatises 49: Geography 21, Yunnan

志四十九

Treatise 49

地理二十一

Geography 21

雲南

Yunnan

雲南：禹貢梁州徼外地。清初沿明制，置承宣布政使司，為雲南省，設巡撫，治雲南府，並設雲貴總督，兩省互駐。康熙元年，改雲南總督，駐曲靖。三年，裁貴州總督並雲南，駐貴陽。二十二年，移駐雲南。雍正五年，定雲貴總督兼轄廣西。十二年，停兼轄廣西。乾隆元年，設雲南總督。十二年，改雲貴總督。光緒中，裁巡撫。領府二十，直隸州一。康熙五年，降北勝直隸州為州，隸大理。八年，降尋甸府為州，隸曲靖。三十七年，升北勝州為永北府，省永寧。雍正三年，改威遠土州為直隸廳。四年，割四川之東川府來隸。五年，以四川烏蒙、鎮雄二府來隸。六年，降鎮雄為州，屬烏蒙。東川、鎮雄，元屬雲南，明屬四川。烏蒙，元屬四川，明初屬雲南，後改屬四川。七年置普洱、八年置開化二府。九年，改烏蒙為昭通府。乾隆三十一年，永北降直隸廳。三十五年，廣西、武定、元江、鎮沅四府降直隸州，景東、蒙化二府皆降直隸廳，省姚安屬楚雄，改鶴慶府為州，屬麗江。嘉慶二十四年，升騰越州為直隸廳。道光二年，改分防同知，又改鎮沅直隸州為直隸廳。光緒十三年，置鎮邊撫夷直隸廳。二十四年，升鎮雄州為直隸廳。東至廣西泗城；七百五十里。南至交阯界；七百五十里。北至四川會理；四百里。西至天馬關，接緬甸界。二千三百一十里。西南：英領緬甸。光緒中，曾紀澤謀與英勘界，索八募，復我太平江以南漢龍、天馬、虎踞、鐵壁四關侵地，議未決。薛福成繼之，力持前畫。騰越西以伊洛瓦諦江源流為界，江東野人山地概歸中國，尚可由大盈江之新街入伊洛瓦諦，經阿瓦至仰光海口行輪，又索還故壤二千餘里。及中東事起，俄、法、德居間，後贈法以紅江甌脫及孟俄地，英藉口改薛約，割科干，復許以滇緬鐵路，而邊事日棘，片馬不守矣。廣二千五百一十里，袤一千一百五十里。北極高二十九度三十分至二十一度四十分。京師偏西十度二十九分至十九度十分。宣統三年，編戶一百五十四萬八千一十四，口六百四十萬三千九百三。共領府十四，直隸廳六，直隸州三，廳十二，州二十六，縣四十一；又土府一，土州三，土司十八。驛路：東達貴州普安，東南達廣西百色，西達緬甸八募，西南達緬甸景東。鐵路：滇越。電線：東北通重慶，西通八募，東南通南寧。

Yunnan: in the Yugong it lay in the outer frontier zone of Liang Province. In the early Qing the Ming arrangements were retained: a Provincial Administration Commission was set up and Yunnan constituted a province, with a provincial governor seated at Yunnan Prefecture and a Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general whose headquarters alternated between the two provinces. In the first year of the Kangxi reign the office was retitled Governor of Yunnan and stationed at Qujing. In the third year the separate Guizhou governorship was abolished and combined with Yunnan, with the seat at Guiyang. In the twenty-second year the headquarters were transferred to Yunnan. In the fifth year of the Yongzheng reign the Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general was given concurrent jurisdiction over Guangxi. In the twelfth year jurisdiction over Guangxi was withdrawn. In the first year of the Qianlong reign a separate Governor of Yunnan was appointed. In the twelfth year the office was again consolidated as the Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general. During the Guangxu period the provincial governorship was abolished. The province comprised twenty prefectures and one department under direct provincial control. In the fifth year of Kangxi, Beisheng was demoted from a directly controlled department to an ordinary department under Dali Prefecture. In the eighth year Xundian Prefecture was demoted to a department under Qujing. In the thirty-seventh year Beisheng Department was raised to Yongbei Prefecture and Yongning was eliminated. In the third year of Yongzheng the native department of Weiyuan was converted into a directly controlled subprefecture. In the fourth year Dongchuan Prefecture was transferred from Sichuan to Yunnan. In the fifth year the Sichuan prefectures of Wumeng and Zhenxiong were annexed to Yunnan. In the sixth year Zhenxiong was demoted to a department under Wumeng. Dongchuan and Zhenxiong had been part of Yunnan in the Yuan and of Sichuan in the Ming. Wumeng had been under Sichuan in the Yuan; in the early Ming it was assigned to Yunnan, then later returned to Sichuan. Pu'er Prefecture was established in the seventh year and Kaihua Prefecture in the eighth. In the ninth year Wumeng was redesignated Zhaotong Prefecture. In the thirty-first year of Qianlong Yongbei Prefecture was demoted to a directly controlled subprefecture. In the thirty-fifth year the prefectures of Guangxi, Wuding, Yuanjiang, and Zhenyuan were demoted to directly controlled departments; Jingdong and Menghua became directly controlled subprefectures; Yao'an was eliminated and placed under Chuxiong; and Heqing Prefecture was reduced to a department under Lijiang. In the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing Tengyue Department was raised to a directly controlled subprefecture. In the second year of Daoguang the defense subprefect's post was reorganized, and Zhenyuan Directly Controlled Department was converted into a directly controlled subprefecture. In the thirteenth year of Guangxu the directly controlled subprefecture of Zhenbian Pacification of the Yi was established. In the twenty-fourth year Zhenxiong Department was raised to a directly controlled subprefecture. To the east, as far as Sicheng in Guangxi; a distance of seven hundred fifty li. To the south, to the frontier with Jiaozhi; a distance of seven hundred fifty li. To the north, as far as Huili in Sichuan; a distance of four hundred li. To the west, to Tianma Pass on the Burmese frontier; a distance of two thousand three hundred ten li. To the southwest lay British Burma. During the Guangxu period Zeng Jize negotiated a boundary survey with Britain, demanding Bamaw and the return of the four passes south of the Taiping River—Hanlong, Tianma, Huju, and Tiebi—where Chinese territory had been encroached upon; no agreement was reached. Xue Fucheng succeeded him and pressed hard for the earlier demarcation. West of Tengyue the boundary would run along the headwaters of the Irrawaddy, with the hill tracts east of the river assigned to China; steam navigation from Xinjie on the Daying River into the Irrawaddy, via Ava to the port of Rangoon, would remain open; and more than two thousand li of former territory was to be restored. When the Eastern Question erupted, Russia, France, and Germany intervened; China later ceded the Hong River enclave and Meng'e territory to France; Britain seized the occasion to revise Xue's treaty, annexed Kokang, and secured rights to the Yunnan-Burma Railway as well; frontier tensions mounted, and even Pianma was lost. The province measures two thousand five hundred ten li from east to west and one thousand one hundred fifty li from north to south. It lies between 29°30′ and 21°40′ north latitude. It lies between 10°29′ and 19°10′ west of Beijing. In the third year of Xuantong there were 1,548,014 registered households and a population of 6,403,903. In all it comprised fourteen prefectures, six directly controlled subprefectures, three directly controlled departments, twelve subprefectures, twenty-six departments, and forty-one counties; as well as one native prefecture, three native departments, and eighteen native chieftaincies. Postal routes ran east to Pu'an in Guizhou, southeast to Baise in Guangxi, west to Bamaw in Burma, and southwest to Jingdong in Burma. Railway: the Yunnan-Vietnam line. Telegraph lines ran northeast to Chongqing, west to Bamaw, and southeast to Nanning.

雲南府：沖，繁，疲，難。雲武分巡、糧儲道治所。總督、巡撫，布政、提學、提法三使，鹽法、巡警、勸業各道駐。東北距京師八千二百里，廣三百七十里，袤二百九十八里。北極高二十五度六分。京師偏西十三度三十七分。領州四，縣七。昆明沖，繁，疲，難。倚。城內：五華山、螺山。山有潮音洞，山側有翠湖。東：鸚鵡山。西：太華、聚仙。南：萬德。北：商山。東北：龍泉山。西南：碧雞山。盤龍江自嵩明入，西南流，逕城東，合銀棱河，至縣南，匯為滇池。滇池一名昆明池，長百二十餘里，縣東諸水入焉，下流折入昆陽州曰海口，即螳螂川上游。金棱河自城東北松華壩分盤龍口水入滇池。寶象河自嵩明入，西南流，逕城南，亦入滇池。西：碧雞關、高嶢關。東：金馬關。同知一，駐南關。驛二：板橋、滇陽。汛二：昆明、板橋。富民簡。府西北七十里。東：天馬山。西：臥雲、玉屏。南：靈芝。北：法華山。螳螂川自安寧入，納城西北農納水，入武定州祿勸，為普渡河。大營河出昆明西北山，西流入境，洞溪水來會，西至城北入螳螂川，清水河從之。宜良沖，繁。府東百二十里。北：萬壽。南：雉山。東：客爭容山，縣鎮山也。西：石燕。東南：駱駝山。西南：鳳凰山。西：大城江，自河陽之楊宗海流入，逕城西北，折東南，分二支，同入大池江。大池江即八達河，為南盤江上流。西北有湯池。嵩明州沖，難。府東北百三十里。城內：黃龍山。東：馬頭。西：靈雲、登花。西北：東葛勒山，元梁王結寨地。南：鳳谿、石華山。龍巨河一曰龍濟溪，自尋甸入，南流匯為嘉利澤，一名楊林海，逕城東南，納楊梅河、對龍河諸水，匯為澤，周百餘里。東南出河口，折北流入尋甸，為車洪河、寬郎河、邵甸河，合九十九泉，西南流，會牧養河。又西南，入昆明，為盤龍江，即滇池上源也。西南：兔兒關。驛一：楊林。晉寧州繁，難。府南九十里。城內：螺髻山。東：梅溪、五龍。西：石美山，與百花山相望。南：石壁。東南：玉案。西南：石魚山。西有天女城。滇池在州西北，大堡河自新興來會，又西北逕城西，分數道流入滇池。盤龍河源出五龍山，分二派，一西北流入大壩河，一東北流分為二，一入澂江撫仙湖，一入昆池。呈貢沖，繁。府南四十里。明與歸化同隸晉寧。康熙八年省歸化入焉。北：三台山。東：軍營。南：龍翔。東南：象兔、羅藏山。滇池在縣西南，東撈魚河、南淤泥河、東南梁王河皆匯焉。洛龍河源出城東白龍潭，西流，會黑龍潭，貫城注滇池，南沖河偕清水河從之。南：太平關，臨、澂孔道。安寧州沖，繁。府西七十里。康熙六年省三泊入昆陽。雍正三年又改其地來隸。城內：太極、白華。西北：蔥山。東：印山、龍馬。西：羅青。南：天馬山。螳螂川一名安寧河，自昆陽入，北流入富民。鳴蟻河源出龍洞，北流，望洋河，又北資利河，同來會。折東北，至州東南，入螳螂川。有煎鹽水，出岈峻山。有大井、石井、河中、大界、連然等鹽井。驛二：祿表、安寧。羅次簡。府西北百三十里。西：金鳳。北：百花。南：崛嵕山、九戌山，易江出焉。東北有苴麼崱裒山，綿亙縣西，兩峰相望。易江北流入祿豐。金水河東北流，納青龍山南北二溪水，又折西北，匯碧城河水、東渠河水，折西亦入祿豐，名星宿江。北：煉象關。祿豐簡。府西北二百十里。西：三次和山，舊名蒙荅縛山。北：象頭、馬頭山。東：姚陵山。星宿江自羅次入，納南河、九渡河諸水，南入易門。易江亦自羅次入縣東境，繞安寧，復折入境，東南入易門。東：老鴉關。驛一：祿豐。昆陽州疲，難。府南百二十里。東：龍泉山。西：月山、珊蒙果山。南：金龜山。北：望州。東南：御屏。西北：怱蒙山。滇池在城東北隅。螳螂川自滇池分三支，西北入安寧。渠濫川逕城東南入滇池。南：鐵爐關。易門簡。府西南二百五十里。城內：龜山。東：屏山、左右旗山、鼓山。西：象山。東南；虎頭山。星宿江自祿豐入，南流，納太和川水，又南匯大小綠汁河，入丁癸江。南流，易江亦自祿豐入，南流匯上下渠江水，廟兒山水自東來合焉。折西，納獅山水、速末水，合星宿江為丁癸江，南流入嶍峨。

Yunnan Prefecture: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Seat of the Yunnan-Wuding circuit intendant for patrol and grain storage. It housed the governor-general, provincial governor, the three provincial commissioners (civil, educational, and judicial), and the intendants for salt, police patrol, and industrial promotion. It lay eight thousand two hundred li northeast of the capital, measuring three hundred seventy li across and two hundred ninety-eight li from north to south. Its latitude was 25°06′ north. It lay 13°37′ west of Beijing. It comprised four departments and seven counties. Kunming: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. Within the city walls stood Wuhua Mountain and Luoshan. Wuhua Mountain has Chaoyin Cave, and Cuihu Lake lies at its foot. To the east: Yingwu Mountain. To the west: Taihua and Juxian mountains. To the south: Wande Mountain. To the north: Shangshan. To the northeast: Longquan Mountain. To the southwest: Biji Mountain. The Panlong River enters from Songming, flows southwest past the east side of the city, joins the Yinling River, and south of the county seat forms Dianchi Lake. Dianchi, also known as Kunming Pool, stretches more than one hundred twenty li; streams east of the county feed into it; its outlet at Haikou in Kunyang Department marks the upper Tanglang River. The Jinling River splits from the Panlong at Songhua Dam northeast of the city and flows into Dianchi. The Baoxiang River enters from Songming, flows southwest past the south wall, and likewise empties into Dianchi. To the west: Biji Pass and Gaoyao Pass. To the east: Jinma Pass. One subprefect was garrisoned at Nanguan. Two courier stations: Banqiao and Dianyang. Two military posts: Kunming and Banqiao. Fumin: administratively simple. It lay seventy li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east: Tianma Mountain. To the west: Wolong and Yuping mountains. To the south: Lingzhi Mountain. To the north: Fahua Mountain. The Tanglang River enters from Anning, absorbs the Nongna stream northwest of the city, passes through Luquan in Wuding Department, and becomes the Pudu River. The Daying River rises in the hills northwest of Kunming and enters from the west; the Dongxi stream joins it; west of the city it flows into the Tanglang River, followed by the Qingshui River. Yiliang: strategically important and busy. It lay one hundred twenty li east of the prefectural seat. To the north: Wanshou Mountain. To the south: Zhishan. To the east: Kerongrong Mountain, the county's guardian peak. To the west: Shiyan Mountain. To the southeast: Luotuo Mountain. To the southwest: Fenghuang Mountain. To the west, the Dacheng River enters from Yangzonghai in Heyang, flows past the northwest of the city, turns southeast, splits into two branches, and both join the Dachi River. The Dachi River is the Bada River, the upper course of the Nanpan. In the northwest is the hot spring district of Tangchi. Songming Department: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred thirty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Within the city walls stood Huanglong Mountain. To the east: Matou Mountain. To the west: Lingyun and Denghua mountains. To the northwest: Donggele Mountain, site of a fortified camp once held by the Yuan Prince of Liang. To the south: Fengxi and Shihua Mountain. The Longju River, also known as Longji Stream, entered from Xundian and flowed south to form Jiali Marsh—also called Yanglin Lake. It ran past the southeast of the city, absorbed the Yangmei and Duilong rivers and other tributaries, and gathered into a marsh more than one hundred li around. Southeast of the marsh it issued through the outlet, turned north into Xundian as the Chehong, Kuanlang, and Shaodian rivers; united with the Ninety-nine Springs, it flowed southwest and joined the Muyang River. Farther southwest it entered Kunming as the Panlong River—the upper course of Dianchi. To the southwest: Tu'er Pass. One courier station: Yanglin. Jinning Department: busy and difficult to administer. It lay ninety li south of the prefectural seat. Within the city walls stood Luoji Mountain. To the east: Meixi and Wulong. To the west: Shimei Mountain, facing Baihua Mountain across the valley. To the south: Shibi Mountain. To the southeast: Yu'an Mountain. To the southwest: Shiyu Mountain. To the west stood Tiannü City. Dianchi lay northwest of the department seat. The Dabao River joined from Xinxing, ran northwest past the city wall, and divided into several channels that emptied into Dianchi. The Panlong River rose at Wulong Mountain and divided into two branches. One flowed northwest into the Daba River; the other flowed northeast and split again, one branch entering Fuxian Lake in Chengjiang and the other entering Kun Pool. Chenggong: strategically important and busy. It lay forty li south of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Chenggong and Guihua were both subordinate to Jinning. In the eighth year of Kangxi, Guihua was abolished and merged into Chenggong. To the north: Santaishan. To the east: Junying. To the south: Longxiang. To the southeast: Xiangtu and Luocang mountains. Dianchi lay southwest of the county seat. The Laoyu River from the east, the Yuni River from the south, and the Liangwang River from the southeast all emptied into it. The Luolong River rose at Bailong Pool east of the city, flowed west to join Heilong Pool, passed through the city into Dianchi, followed by the Nanchong and Qingshui rivers. To the south: Taiping Pass, on the main route to Lin'an and Chengjiang. Anning Department: strategically important and busy. It lay seventy li west of the prefectural seat. In the sixth year of Kangxi, Sanbo was abolished and merged into Kunyang. In the third year of Yongzheng, that territory was reassigned to Anning. Within the city walls stood Taiji and Baihua mountains. To the northwest: Congshan. To the east: Yinshan and Longma. To the west: Luoqing. To the south: Tianma Mountain. The Tanglang River, also known as the Anning River, entered from Kunyang and flowed north into Fumin. The Mingyi River rose at Longdong and flowed north; the Wangyang River and, farther north, the Zili River joined it from the same direction. It turned northeast to the southeast of the department seat and entered the Tanglang River. Brine suitable for salt-boiling issued from Yajun Mountain. Salt wells included Dajing, Shijing, Hezhong, Dajie, and Lianran. Two courier stations: Lubiao and Anning. Luoci: administratively simple. It lay one hundred thirty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the west: Jinfeng. To the north: Baihua. To the south: Jueyu and Jiuxu mountains, from which the Yi River rose. To the northeast stood Juma Cibo Mountain, extending across the western part of the county with two peaks facing each other. The Yi River flowed north into Lufeng. The Jinshui River flowed northeast, absorbed the northern and southern streams of Qinglong Mountain, turned northwest to gather the Bicheng and Dongqu rivers, then turned west into Lufeng, where it became the Xingsu River. To the north: Lianxiang Pass. Lufeng: administratively simple. It lay two hundred ten li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the west: Sancihe Mountain, formerly known as Mengdabo Mountain. To the north: Xiangtou and Matou mountains. To the east: Yaoling Mountain. The Xingsu River entered from Luoci, absorbed the Nan and Jiudu rivers and other tributaries, and flowed south into Yimen. The Yi River also entered from Luoci at the county's eastern border, looped around Anning, turned back into the county, and flowed southeast into Yimen. To the east: Laoya Pass. One courier station: Lufeng. Kunyang Department: taxing and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred twenty li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Longquan Mountain. To the west: Yueshan and Shanmengguo Mountain. To the south: Jingui Mountain. To the north: Wangzhou. To the southeast: Yuping Mountain. To the northwest: Congmeng Mountain. Dianchi lay at the northeast corner of the city. The Tanglang River divided into three branches at Dianchi and flowed northwest into Anning. The Quluan River ran past the southeast of the city and entered Dianchi. To the south: Tielu Pass. Yimen: administratively simple. It lay two hundred fifty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Within the city walls stood Guishan. To the east: Pingshan, Zuoyouqi Mountain, and Gushan. To the west: Xiangshan. To the southeast: Hutou Mountain. The Xingsu River entered from Lufeng and flowed south, absorbed the Taihe stream, then farther south united with the Great and Small Lüzhi rivers to form the Dinggui River. Flowing south, the Yi River also entered from Lufeng, flowed south to unite with the upper and lower Qujiang streams, joined by the Miao'er Mountain stream from the east. It turned west, absorbed the Shishan and Sumo streams, united with the Xingsu River as the Dinggui River, and flowed south into Eshan.

武定直隸州：隸雲武分巡、糧儲道。明，武定府。領州二，縣一。乾隆三十五年，降為直隸州，裁府治和曲，降祿勸州為縣。東南距省治二百四十里。廣三百六十里，袤三百三十九里。北極高二十五度三十二分三十秒。京師偏西十三度五十七分，領縣二。北：甲甸背。西北：猗朵。西：獅子山。北：金沙江自元謀入，左有會川，衛水自四川會理合東安河南流來注。又東流，合大環川，入祿勸。盤龍河源出羅次白花山，為鳩水河，東北流，至城東，左會鷂鷹河，為盤龍河，東入祿勸。南：小營關。東南：小甸關。西北：油榨關、龍街關。明只舊、草起二鹽井，今廢。巡司一，駐金沙江岸。元謀難。州西北九十里。東：定見山。西：翠峰。南：馬頭。北：溫泉、蓮花山。北：金沙江自大姚入，合西溪河，即龍川江下流，自廣通北流入境。又北會南號河、黑占乾河、元馬河、羅又乾河、午茂乾河、爐頭河，自大姚東流，合為苴寧河，又北入金沙江。元馬冢，州北二十里。華陽國志謂縣有元馬，日行千里，元馬河以此得名。土人呼馬為「謀」，縣以此氏焉。東：望城關。祿勸難。州東北二十里。明，州，乾隆二十五年降。東北：烏蒙山，一名雪山。北：法塊、幸丘。東南：普照山。北：金沙江自州入，東流，勒洟溪、東洟溪自幸丘山合北流入焉，又東納普渡河水，烏龍河自烏蒙山北流注之，又東入東川巧家。普渡河即螳螂川下流，自富民北流入境，納掌鳩河水，北逕雪山入金沙江。西南：雄關。

Wuding Directly Administered Department: subordinate to the Yunnan-Wuding circuit intendant for patrol and grain storage. Under the Ming it was Wuding Prefecture. It comprised two departments and one county. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, it was reduced to a directly administered department; the prefectural seat at Hequ was abolished, and Luquan Department was reduced to a county. It lay two hundred forty li southeast of the provincial capital. It measured three hundred sixty li across and three hundred thirty-nine li from north to south. Its latitude was 25°32′30″ north. It lay 13°57′ west of Beijing and comprised two counties. To the north: Jiadianbei. To the northwest: Yiduo. To the west: Shizi Mountain. To the north, the Jinsha River entered from Yuanmou; on its left bank lay Huichuan, and guard waters from Huili in Sichuan joined the Dong'an River flowing south to empty into it. Flowing east again, it joined the Dahuan River and entered Luquan. The Panlong River rose at Baihua Mountain in Luoci as the Jiushui River, flowed northeast to the east of the city, joined the Yaoying River on the left to become the Panlong River, and flowed east into Luquan. To the south: Xiaoying Pass. To the southeast: Xiaodian Pass. To the northwest: Youzha and Longjie passes. Under the Ming there had been only the Jiu and Caoqi salt wells; both were now defunct. One inspection station was posted on the Jinsha River bank. Yuanmou: difficult to administer. It lay ninety li northwest of the department seat. To the east: Dingjian Mountain. To the west: Cuifeng. To the south: Matou. To the north: Wenquan and Lianhua Mountain. To the north, the Jinsha River entered from Dayao and joined the Xixi River, the lower course of the Longchuan River, which entered from Guangtong in the north. Farther north it absorbed the Nanhao, Heizhanqian, Yuanma, Luoyouqian, Wumaoqian, and Lutou rivers; flowing east from Dayao they united as the Junning River and emptied northward into the Jinsha River. The Yuanma mound lay twenty li north of the department seat. The Huayang Guo Zhi records that the county possessed a yuanma, a horse said to travel a thousand li in a day, from which the Yuanma River took its name. The local people called a horse mou, and the county took its name from that word. To the east: Wangcheng Pass. Luquan: difficult to administer. It lay twenty li northeast of the department seat. Under the Ming it had been a department; it was reduced in the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong. To the northeast: Wumeng Mountain, also known as Xueshan. To the north: Fakuai and Xingqiu. To the southeast: Puzhao Mountain. To the north, the Jinsha River entered the department and flowed east; the Lexi and Dongxi streams united on Xingqiu Mountain and flowed north into it; farther east it absorbed the Pudu River, and the Wulong River descended north from Wumeng Mountain to empty into it before the river flowed east into Qiaojia in Dongchuan. The Pudu River was the lower course of the Tanglang River; it entered from Fumin in the north, absorbed the Zhangjiushui River, ran north past Xueshan, and joined the Jinsha River. To the southwest: Xiongguan Pass.

大理府：沖，繁。迤西道治所。提督駐。順治初，因明制。康熙五年，降北勝直隸州為州來屬。三十一年，仍直隸。東南距省治八百九十里。廣九百六十里，袤二百二十里。北極高二十五度四十四分。京師偏西十六度十一分。領州四，縣三，長官司一。太和沖，繁。倚。西：點蒼山，高六十里，山椒懸瀑，注為十八溪，綿亙百餘里，府之鎮山也，西拱縣城如抱弓然。西洱河，亦名洱海，形如月抱珥，亦曰珥河。縣東五里，即古葉榆澤，源出浪穹北，境內諸水入焉。長百三十里，闊三十九里，下流會樣備江，逕趙州入蒙化。北：上關，亦曰龍首關，又曰石門關。南：下關，亦曰龍尾關。諺曰：「蒼山雪，洱海月，上關花，下關風。」下關貿易極盛，南陬名鎮。趙州沖，繁。府南六十里。東：九龍山，與州西鳳儀山對峙。西：三台山。南：昆彌。東南：龍母。西南：華藏山。大江一名波羅江，有二源，合流而北，逕城南，折東會玉閬泉、烏龍、雙塔諸水，北入洱海。白崖江即禮社江，上流自雲南縣入，流經白崖，有鼻窗廠水及赤水江來會，入蒙化。東南：蒿菁關、松花關。南：彌渡市鎮，通判駐。驛二：西嶺、德勝。雲南沖，難。府東南百三十里。明屬趙州。順治初，改隸府。東：飛鳳。西：金龍。南：青華山。北：梁王山，禮社江與一泡江同源於此。一支南流至團山壩，分為三。其一南流為溪溝，逕青華山南，入趙州，為禮社江東源。其二東流，一逕縣南，匯為青龍海，一逕縣北，匯為品甸王海，仍歸青龍海，海周四十餘里，灌田利溥。一支北出為周官{此夕}海，合流而南，至雲南縣，折而東北，納你甸河諸水，為一泡江，入姚州。東北：楚場關。東南：安南關。土主簿駐白岩川。鄧川州疲。府北九十里。東：玉案、雞足。西：象山、彌勒山。東南：鼎勝。南：伏虎。北：天馬山。西北：覆鐘山。羅時江源出鐘山下綠玉池，亦曰西湖，南流逕象山下，又東南至上關。悶地江源出州東北焦石洞，亦曰東湖，南流逕城東，又南至上關，彌苴佉江自浪穹來注之，入洱海。高澗河源出雞足山，北流，羅陋河自鶴慶來會，合為枯木河，入賓川。東：大把關。驛一：鄧川。浪穹簡。府北百十里。明屬鄧川州。順治初，改屬府。西：鐵甲場山，悶江所出。西南：鳳羽山。黑惠江自劍川入，亦曰白石江，南流逕城西，納諸山溪水，入太和為樣備江。大營河源出劍川，南流，鳳羽河源出清源洞，北流，並會寧河。寧河源出罷谷山，匯為茈碧湖，南流，逕城東北，南會大營河，折西，納悶江、鳳羽河二水，曰三江口。又南，逕城東蒲陀崆，為彌苴佉江，歷鄧川入太和，即洱海上源也。西：羅坪關。西北：大樹關。東北：一女關。有蒲陀崆、鳳羽鄉、上江嘴、下江嘴巡司四。賓川州難。府東百二十里。西：雞足山。東：鍾英山。北：華蓋、摩尼。東北：赤石岩山。西北：翠屏山。東北：金沙江自鶴慶入，東流，納答旦河、一泡江諸水，入姚州。答旦河一曰六溪河，其源有六，曰鍾良溪、銀溪、石寶溪、寒玉溪、通洱溪、赤龍溪，並自城西東流，又北逕城西北，豐樂溪自盒子孔山來會，亦曰七溪，北流入金沙江。西南：畢羅關。雲龍州繁，難。府西五百里。東：大羅山，明設大羅衛，今廢。西：三崇山。北：清水朗。東北：大雒馬山，與西小雒馬夾河相望。西：瀾滄江自麗江入，納沘江、表村河、松牧溪諸水，南入永昌。怒江、俅江自俅夷境入，逕三崇山，南入永昌。北：太平關。東：新關。有大井鹽課大使。鹽井六：順盪、諾鄧、石門、天耳、山井、師井。十二關長官司府東三百里。本雲南縣楚場地。元置十二關防送千戶所。明置長官司，隸大理，徙一泡江之西。清因之。土官李姓，世襲。東：白沙坡。西：觀音箐。

Dali Prefecture: strategically important and busy. Seat of the Yixi circuit. The regional commander was stationed here. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming system. In the fifth year of Kangxi, Beisheng Directly Administered Department was reduced to a department and placed under its jurisdiction. In the thirty-first year it was again directly administered. It lay eight hundred ninety li southeast of the provincial capital. It measured nine hundred sixty li across and two hundred twenty li from north to south. Its latitude was 25°44′ north. It lay 16°11′ west of Beijing. It comprised four departments, three counties, and one changguan native chieftain's office. Taihe: strategically important and busy. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. To the west stood Diancang Mountain, sixty li high, with cascades spilling from its ridges to form the Eighteen Streams across more than one hundred li—the prefecture's guardian peak, arching west around the county seat like a drawn bow. The Xi'er River, also known as Erhai, was shaped like the moon cradling an ear pendant and was also called the Er River. Five li east of the county seat lay the ancient Yeyu Marsh, fed from north of Langqiong by every stream within the territory. It measured one hundred thirty li long and thirty-nine li wide; downstream it joined the Yangbei River, passed through Zhaozhou, and entered Menghua. To the north: Shangguan, also known as Longshou Pass and Shimen Pass. To the south: Xiaguan, also known as Longwei Pass. A local saying ran: "Snow on Diancang, moon over Erhai, flowers at Shangguan, wind at Xiaguan." Xiaguan's commerce flourished beyond compare—a famed market town of the southern marches. Zhaozhou: strategically important and busy. It lay sixty li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Jiulong Mountain, standing opposite Fengyi Mountain west of the department seat. To the west: Santaishan. To the south: Kunmi. To the southeast: Longmu. To the southwest: Huazang Mountain. The Dajiang, also known as the Boluo River, rose from two sources; united they flowed north past the south wall, turned east to join the Yulang Spring, Wulong, Shuangta, and other streams, and emptied northward into Erhai. The Baiya River was the Lishe River; its upper course entered from Yunnan County, ran past Baiya, was joined by the Bizhuangchang and Chishui rivers, and flowed into Menghua. To the southeast: Haojing and Songhua passes. To the south: Midu market town, where a sub-prefect was posted. Two courier stations: Xiling and Desheng. Yunnan: strategically important and difficult to administer. It lay one hundred thirty li southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had belonged to Zhaozhou. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was placed directly under the prefecture. To the east: Feifeng. To the west: Jinlong. To the south: Qinghua Mountain. To the north: Liangwang Mountain, where the Lishe and Yipao rivers rose from a common source. One branch flowed south to Tuanshan Dam and divided into three. The first flowed south as a stream channel past the south of Qinghua Mountain into Zhaozhou, forming the eastern source of the Lishe River. The second flowed east—one arm ran south of the county to form Qinglong Lake, another ran north of the county to form Pindianwanghai before rejoining Qinglong Lake; the lake measured more than forty li around and irrigated the fields to abundant profit. One branch issued north as Zhouguan Xi Lake; united they flowed south to Yunnan County, turned northeast, absorbed the Nidian River and other tributaries, became the Yipao River, and entered Yaozhou. To the northeast: Chuchang Pass. To the southeast: Annan Pass. The native clerk of the Earth Lord was posted at Baiyanchuan. Dengchuan Department: taxing. It lay ninety li north of the prefectural seat. To the east: Yu'an and Jizu. To the west: Xiangshan and Mile Mountain. To the southeast: Dingsheng. To the south: Fuhu. To the north: Tianma Mountain. To the northwest: Fuzhong Mountain. The Luoshi River rose at Luyu Pool beneath Fuzhong Mountain—also called West Lake—flowed south past Xiangshan, and continued southeast to Shangguan. The Mendi River rose at Jiaoshi Cave northeast of the department seat—also called East Lake—flowed south past the east wall and on to Shangguan; the Mizhiju River entered from Langqiong to join it before the stream emptied into Erhai. The Gaojian River rose on Jizu Mountain and flowed north; the Luolou River joined from Heqing; united they became the Kumu River and entered Binchuan. To the east: Daba Pass. One courier station: Dengchuan. Langqiong: administratively simple. It lay one hundred ten li north of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had belonged to Dengchuan Department. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was placed under the prefecture. To the west: Tiejiachang Mountain, source of the Men River. To the southwest: Fengyu Mountain. The Heihui River entered from Jianchuan—also called the Baishi River—flowed south past the west wall, absorbed various mountain streams, and upon entering Taihe became the Yangbei River. The Daying River rose in Jianchuan and flowed south; the Fengyu River rose at Qingyuan Cave and flowed north; both joined at the Ning River. The Ning River rose on Bagu Mountain, pooled into Cibi Lake, flowed south past the northeast of the city, met the Daying River, turned west to absorb the Men and Fengyu rivers at a confluence called Sanjiangkou. Flowing south again, it passed Putuokong east of the city, became the Mizhiju River, ran through Dengchuan into Taihe—the upper headwaters of Erhai. To the west: Luoping Pass. To the northwest: Dashu Pass. To the northeast: Yinv Pass. It had four inspection posts: Putuo Kong, Fengyu Township, Shangjiangzui, and Xiajiangzui. Binchuan Department: difficult to administer. It lay one hundred twenty li east of the prefectural seat. To the west: Jizu Mountain. To the east: Zhongying Mountain. To the north: Huagai and Moni. To the northeast: Chishiyan Mountain. To the northwest: Cuiping Mountain. To the northeast: the Jinsha River entered from Heqing, flowed east, absorbed the Dadan River, Yipao River, and other streams, and passed into Yaozhou. The Dadan River was also called the Liuxi River. Its headwaters numbered six: Zhongliang Stream, Yin Stream, Shibao Stream, Hanxi Stream, Tong'er Stream, and Chilong Stream. All issued west of the city and flowed east, then turned north past the city's northwest corner. The Fengle Stream came from Hezikong Mountain to join them—also called the Qixi River—and flowed north into the Jinsha River. To the southwest: Biluo Pass. Yunlong Department: busy and difficult to administer. It lay five hundred li west of the prefectural seat. To the east: Daluo Mountain, where the Ming had established Daluo Guard—now abolished. To the west: Sancong Mountain. To the north: Qingshuilang. To the northeast: Daluoma Mountain, facing Xiaoluoma across the river to the west. To the west: the Lancang River entered from Lijiang, absorbed the Bijiang, Biaocun River, Songmu Stream, and other waters, and flowed south into Yongchang. The Nujiang and Qiujiang entered from Qiuyi territory, passed through Sancong Mountain, and flowed south into Yongchang. To the north: Taiping Pass. To the east: Xinguan (New Pass). It had a Commissioner for Salt Taxes at Dajing. Its six salt wells were Shundang, Nuodeng, Shimen, Tian'er, Shanjing, and Shijing. The Shierguan Native Official Office lay three hundred li east of the prefectural seat. It had originally been the Chuchang area of Yunnan County. Under the Yuan the Shierguan Escort Thousand-Household Post was established. The Ming established a native official office subordinate to Dali and moved it west of the Yipao River. The Qing followed this. Its native official was of the Li surname, holding office by hereditary succession. To the east: Baisha Slope. To the west: Guanyin Ravine.

麗江府：要。隸迤西道。明為軍民府，領州四，縣一。順治十六年，改土府，省所屬州縣併入。雍正元年設流官。乾隆二十一年，置中甸廳。三十五年，置麗江縣為府治，改鶴慶府為州，並所屬劍川州、維西廳來隸。東南距省治一千二百四十里。廣六百七十里，袤九百五十九里。北極高二十六度五十二分。京師偏西十六度二分。領廳二，州二，縣一。麗江疲，難。倚。明，通安州。乾隆三十六年改今名。西南：老君山，南幹諸山之祖。西北：雪山，一名玉龍。西：花馬：漢藪山，高百仞，上有三湖。西：怒江即潞江，源出西藏布喀池，自夷境入，南流入雲龍。瀾滄江自維西入，分二，正支西納白水，南流入雲龍，分支為漾備江，東流納老君山下分江諸水，入劍川。金沙江即麗水，亦自維西入；納漢藪山橋頭、巨甸諸水，入鶴慶。東：雪山門關。西：石門關。有麗江井鹽課大使。鶴慶州繁，難。府東南三百五十五里。明，軍民府，領劍川、順州。康熙中，順州省入。乾隆三十六年降州來隸。西南：方丈山，為南詔十七名山之一。南：半子。北：湯乾。東北：三台山。東：金沙江自麗江入，東南流，合漾共江，一名鶴川，亦自麗江入，納境內諸水，瀦為湖，伏流石穴中三里，南出為腰江，折東流注金沙江。西南：觀音山河，南流入大理浪穹。南：宣化關。北：印塘關。西南：觀音山關，鶴麗鎮總兵駐。劍川州沖。府南九十里。明屬鶴慶，今改隸。東：青崖山。南：夜合。西：石鍾山。西北：老君山，與麗江分界。白石江自麗江合分江水緣界入，合磨刀去石河。又東南，大橋頭河亦曰黑惠江，出西北老君山，東南會千木河、螳螂河，至城南為劍湖，廣六十里，合桃羌河諸水，西南出為劍川，曲流三折入浪穹。南：大理國望德故城。鹽井二：彌沙、橋後。中甸廳要。府北二百三十里。明，麗江府地。康熙時，吳三桂以其地畀達賴喇嘛。雍正五年，來隸鶴慶府，移劍川州州判駐之。乾隆十一年設廳治，隸府。東南：雪山，與麗江雪山接，兩崖壁立，金沙江貫其中，流逕城東南，與維西以江為界，左合碩多岡河，入麗江。多克楚河、里楚河，並自四川里塘入，為無量河，入永北。維西廳簡。府西北七十里。明末拓元臨西西北吐蕃地為土府。雍正五年設廳治，隸鶴慶府，通判駐之。乾隆十一年隨鶴慶來隸。雪山東金沙江自四川巴塘入，總文河自巴塘東來注之，折東南，納所楚河水入麗江。瀾滄江亦自巴塘納徐那山水，又南流，永青河水自城東北來注之，入麗江。

Lijiang Prefecture: of key importance. It was subordinate to the Yixi Circuit. In the Ming it was a military-civilian prefecture governing four departments and one county. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi it was converted to a native prefecture, and its subordinate departments and counties were abolished and merged in. In the first year of Yongzheng regular officials were appointed. In the twenty-first year of Qianlong, Zhongdian Subprefecture was established. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, Lijiang County was established as the prefectural seat, Heqing Prefecture was reduced to a department, and Jianchuan Department and Weixi Subprefecture were transferred to its jurisdiction. It lay one thousand two hundred forty li southeast of the provincial capital. It measured six hundred seventy li across and nine hundred fifty-nine li from north to south. Its northern latitude was twenty-six degrees fifty-two minutes. It lay sixteen degrees two minutes west of the capital. It governed two subprefectures, two departments, and one county. Lijiang: taxing and difficult to administer. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Tong'an Department. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong it was renamed to its present name. To the southwest: Laojun Mountain, progenitor of the southern trunk mountains. To the northwest: Snow Mountain, also called Yulong. To the west: Huama—the Hansou Mountain, one hundred ren high, with three lakes on its summit. To the west: the Nujiang was the Lujiang; its source was the Bukachi Pool in Tibet; it entered from Yi territory and flowed south into Yunlong. The Lancang River entered from Weixi and divided in two. The main branch flowed west to absorb the Baishui and south into Yunlong; the branch became the Yangbei River, flowed east to absorb the various streams dividing below Laojun Mountain, and entered Jianchuan. The Jinsha River was the Lishui; it also entered from Weixi; absorbed the Hansou Mountain Qiaotou, Judian, and other streams, and entered Heqing. To the east: Xueshanmen Pass. To the west: Shimen Pass. It had a Commissioner for Salt Taxes at the Lijiang wells. Heqing Department: busy and difficult to administer. It lay three hundred fifty-five li southeast of the prefectural seat. In the Ming it was a military-civilian prefecture governing Jianchuan and Shunzhou. During the Kangxi reign Shunzhou was abolished and merged in. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong it was demoted from a prefecture and placed under Lijiang's jurisdiction. To the southwest: Fangzhang Mountain, one of the seventeen famous mountains of Nanzhao. To the south: Banzi. To the north: Tangqian. To the northeast: Santai Mountain. To the east: the Jinsha River entered from Lijiang and flowed southeast. The Yanggong River—also called Hechuan—likewise entered from Lijiang, absorbed the various streams within the jurisdiction, pooled into a lake, ran underground through a stone cavern for three li, emerged south as the Yaojiang, turned east, and flowed into the Jinsha River. To the southwest: the Guanyinshan River flowed south into Langqiong in Dali. To the south: Xuanhua Pass. To the north: Yintang Pass. To the southwest: Guanyinshan Pass, where the Heli Garrison regional commander was stationed. Jianchuan Department: strategically important. It lay ninety li south of the prefectural seat. In the Ming it had belonged to Heqing; its jurisdiction was later changed. To the east: Qingya Mountain. To the south: Yehe. To the west: Shizhong Mountain. To the northwest: Laojun Mountain, forming the boundary with Lijiang. The Baishi River entered along the boundary where the Fenjiang River from Lijiang joined it and met the Modao Qushi River. Continuing southeast, the Daqiaotou River was also called the Heihui River. It issued from Laojun Mountain to the northwest, flowed southeast to meet the Qianmu River and Tanglang River, formed Jian Lake south of the city—sixty li across—absorbed the Taojiang River and other streams, emerged southwest as the Jianchuan, bent three times, and entered Langqiong. To the south: the former site of Wangde of the Dali Kingdom. Its two salt wells were Misha and Qiaohou. Zhongdian Subprefecture: of key importance. It lay two hundred thirty li north of the prefectural seat. In the Ming it had been part of Lijiang Prefecture. During the Kangxi reign Wu Sangui ceded this territory to the Dalai Lama. In the fifth year of Yongzheng it was placed under Heqing Prefecture, and the Jianchuan Department magistrate was transferred to reside there. In the eleventh year of Qianlong the subprefecture seat was established, subordinate to the prefecture. To the southeast: Snow Mountain, connected with Lijiang's Snow Mountain; both cliffs stood like walls; the Jinsha River ran through between them, flowed past the southeast of the city, bordered Weixi by the river, on the left absorbed the Shuoduogang River, and entered Lijiang. The Duokuchu River and Lichu River both entered from Litang in Sichuan, became the Wuliang River, and entered Yongbei. Weixi Subprefecture: administratively simple. It lay seventy li northwest of the prefectural seat. At the end of the Ming the northwestern Tibetan territory beyond Yuan Linxi was expanded into a native prefecture. In the fifth year of Yongzheng the subprefecture seat was established, subordinate to Heqing Prefecture, with an assistant prefect stationed there. In the eleventh year of Qianlong it followed Heqing in coming under Lijiang's jurisdiction. East of Snow Mountain the Jinsha River entered from Batang in Sichuan; the Zongwen River came from east of Batang to join it, turned southeast, absorbed the Suochu River, and entered Lijiang. The Lancang River also came from Batang to absorb the Xuna Mountain waters and flowed south again; the Yongqing River came from the northeast of the city to join it and entered Lijiang.

楚雄府：沖。隸迤西道。明領州二，縣五。康熙八年，省咢嘉入南安。雍正七年，省定邊改隸蒙化府。乾隆三十五年，裁姚安府，以所轄姚州及大姚縣來隸。東距省治四百二十里。廣三百七十五里，袤五百八十里。北極高二十五度四分。京師偏西十四度四十五分。領州三，縣四。楚雄沖，繁。倚。城內：雁塔山，即古金礦山。西：峨錄山。西南：九台、碧藏山。龍川江自鎮南入，納大石河、青龍河諸水，折東北，合方家河，緣定遠界入廣通。東：平山關。南：雪裡關。呂合一驛。土縣丞駐縣西南。廣通沖。府東七十里。東：高登山。西：鳳山。南：臥象山，與伏獅山對峙。東北：阿陋雄山，有阿陋井、猴井，俱產鹽。龍川江自定遠入，東北流，納立龍、清風、羅申諸水，北流入元謀，注金沙江。立龍河自北，清風河自東，併入龍川江。有阿陋井鹽課大使。回磴關土巡司。驛二：路田、翀資。定遠簡。府北百二十里。東：寶華。西：烏龍、雲龍山。東北：諸葛鼇峰、寶應山，俱在舊琅鹽井司境。絕頂峰在黑鹽井司境。龍川江自楚雄入，納琅溪、零川、龍溝河、紫甸河諸水，入廣通。縣境產鹽，舊設琅鹽井提舉司，後裁。黑鹽井提舉司駐寶泉鄉。土主簿駐縣西。驛一：新田。南安州難。府東南五十里。康熙八年省咢嘉縣入。雍正九年設州判駐焉。西南：表羅山。東：健林蒼山。南：茶山。青龍河源出州北，入楚雄。馬龍河源出鎮南，南流，大廠河東南流，二水相合為禮社江。妥稍關、鵝毛關、會稽關，俱在州南。鎮南州沖，疲。府西北七十里。東：石鼓、五樓。南：石吠。西：苴力鋪山，白龍河出其下，納清水河、平夷川諸水，與龍川江合流入楚雄。西：白崖江，自姚州緣界入，入南安。北：十八盤山，連廠河出，入姚州。其東紫甸河，入定遠。東南：阿雄關，土巡司駐。西：鎮南關、鸚鵡關，土州同駐。永寧鄉，土州判駐。驛一：沙橋。姚州繁。府西北二百一十里。明，姚安府。乾隆三十五年裁府，以附郭之姚州改隸。東：白馬山、燕子山。西：赤石、龜祥。東北：妙峰。西北：回龍、象嶺山。一字水源出黎武山，北流，逕白鹽境，又西北入一泡江。香水河出黎武南麓，西南流，入大姚。蜻蛉河出三窩山，西北流，瀦為大石硼，北流，納回龍廠河，折東入大姚。陽派河源出金秀山，北流匯為陽片湖，又北流，會連場河，同入蜻蛉河。北：白鹽井有提舉司。驛一：普淜，州判駐。土州同駐州西南六十里。大姚簡。府西北三百二里。南：幾山。北：方山、龍山。西北：玉屏山。羊氾江源出城北麼( 此夕) 村，東北流入金沙江。香水河自姚州入，南流入大姚河。大姚河源出鎮南北十八盤山，納蛟龍江、苴郤河、紫丘、濫泥箐諸水，入金沙江。白馬河、臥馬刺河、矣資河從之。東：黎石關。西：龍門關。有苴郤巡司。

Chuxiong Prefecture: strategically important. It was subordinate to the Yixi Circuit. In the Ming it governed two departments and five counties. In the eighth year of Kangxi Ejia was abolished and merged into Nan'an. In the seventh year of Yongzheng Dingbian was abolished and transferred to Menghua Prefecture. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong Yao'an Prefecture was abolished, and its Yaozhou and Dayao County were transferred to its jurisdiction. It lay four hundred twenty li east of the provincial capital. It measured three hundred seventy-five li across and five hundred eighty li from north to south. Its northern latitude was twenty-five degrees four minutes. It lay fourteen degrees forty-five minutes west of the capital. It governed three departments and four counties. Chuxiong: strategically important and busy. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. Within the city walls: Yanta Mountain, formerly the ancient Jinkuang Mountain. To the west: Elu Mountain. To the southwest: Jiutai and Bicang mountains. The Longchuan River entered from Zhennan, absorbed the Dashi River, Qinglong River, and other streams, turned northeast, joined the Fangjia River, and along the Dingyuan boundary entered Guangtong. To the east: Pingshan Pass. To the south: Xueli Pass. It had one courier station at Lühe. The native assistant magistrate was stationed southwest of the county seat. Guangtong: strategically important. It lay seventy li east of the prefectural seat. To the east: Gaodeng Mountain. To the west: Feng Mountain. To the south: Wolixiang Mountain, facing Fushi Mountain across from it. To the northeast: Aluxiong Mountain, with Alu Well and Hou Well, both producing salt. The Longchuan River entered from Dingyuan, flowed northeast, absorbed the Lilong, Qingfeng, and Luoshen rivers, flowed north into Yuanmou, and entered the Jinsha River. The Lilong River came from the north and the Qingfeng River from the east, both joining the Longchuan River. It had a Commissioner for Salt Taxes at Alu Well. The Huicheng Pass Native Inspection Office. It had two courier stations: Lutian and Chongzi. Dingyuan: administratively simple. It lay one hundred twenty li north of the prefectural seat. To the east: Baohua. To the west: Wulong and Yunlong mountains. To the northeast: Zhuge'aofeng and Baoying Mountain, both within the former Langyanjing Salt Office jurisdiction. Jueding Peak lay within the Heiyanjiang Salt Office jurisdiction. The Longchuan River entered from Chuxiong, absorbed the Langxi, Lingchuan, Longgou River, Zidian River, and other streams, and entered Guangtong. The county produced salt; the Langyanjing Salt Promotion Office had formerly been established here, later abolished. The Heiyanjiang Salt Promotion Office was stationed at Baoquan Township. The native registrar was stationed west of the county seat. It had one courier station: Xintian. Nan'an Department: difficult to administer. It lay fifty li southeast of the prefectural seat. In the eighth year of Kangxi Ejia County was abolished and merged in. In the ninth year of Yongzheng a department magistrate was established and stationed there. To the southwest: Biaoluo Mountain. To the east: Jianlin Cang Mountain. To the south: Chashan. The Qinglong River rose north of the department seat and entered Chuxiong. The Malong River rose in Zhennan and flowed south; the Dachang River flowed southeast; the two rivers united to form the Lishe River. Tuoshao Pass, E'mao Pass, and Huiji Pass all lay south of the department seat. Zhennan Department: strategically important and taxing. It lay seventy li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east: Shigu and Wulou. To the south: Shifei. To the west: Julipu Mountain; the Bailong River issued from below it, absorbed the Qingshui River, Pingyichuan, and other streams, joined the Longchuan River, and flowed into Chuxiong. To the west: the Baiya River entered along the boundary from Yaozhou and entered Nan'an. To the north: Shibapan Mountain; the Lianchang River issued from it and entered Yaozhou. To its east the Zidian River entered Dingyuan. To the southeast: Axiong Pass, where the native inspection office was stationed. To the west: Zhennan Pass and Yingwu Pass, where the native department assistant was stationed. At Yongning Township the native department magistrate was stationed. It had one courier station: Shaqiao. Yaozhou: busy. It lay two hundred ten li northwest of the prefectural seat. In the Ming it had been Yao'an Prefecture. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong the prefecture was abolished, and the attached Yaozhou was transferred to its jurisdiction. To the east: Baima and Yanzi mountains. To the west: Chishi and Guixiang. To the northeast: Miaofeng. To the northwest: Huilong and Xiangling mountains. The Yizi River rose from Liwu Mountain, flowed north, passed through the Baiyan district, and further northwest entered the Yipao River. The Xiangshui River issued from the southern foothills of Liwu, flowed southwest, and entered Dayao. The Qingling River rose from Sanwo Mountain, flowed northwest, pooled into Dashibo, flowed north, absorbed the Huilongchang River, turned east, and entered Dayao. The Yangpai River rose from Jinxiu Mountain, flowed north and gathered into Yangpian Lake, flowed north again, met the Lianchang River, and both entered the Qingling River. To the north: at Baiyanjing there was a Salt Promotion Office. It had one courier station: Puyin, where the department magistrate was stationed. The native department assistant was stationed sixty li southwest of the department seat. Dayao: administratively simple. It lay three hundred two li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the south: Ji Mountain. To the north: Fang and Long mountains. To the northwest: Yuping Mountain. The Yangfan River rose north of the city at Mo ( Xi) Village, and flowed northeast into the Jinsha River. The Xiangshui River entered from Yaozhou and flowed south into the Dayao River. The Dayao River rose from Shibapan Mountain north of Zhennan, absorbed the Jiaolong River, Juxie River, Ziqiu, Lanni Ravine, and other streams, and entered the Jinsha River. The Baima River, Womac River, and Yizi River followed it. To the east: Lishi Pass. To the west: Longmen Pass. It had a Juxie Inspection Office.

永昌府：要。隸迤西道。明為軍民府。領州一，縣二，土府一，土州二。順治十六年，鳳溪、施甸二長司省入。乾隆三十年，削「軍民」字。三十五年，置龍陵。嘉慶中，騰越升直隸廳。道光二年降。東距省治一千三百四十五里。廣六百九十里，袤一千一百二十里。北極高二十五度六分。京師偏西十七度四分。領廳二，縣二，土府一，土州二，宣撫司五，安撫司三，長官司二。保山繁，難。倚。城內：太保山，縣以此名。東：哀牢山。西：九隆。南：法寶。西北：怒江，自雲龍入，納西溪、雪山、蒲縹、坪市、八灣諸水，東南入潞江。東北：瀾滄江，自雲龍來，與永平分水，納羅岷北山水、沙木河水，東南入順寧。南甸河，上流為清水河，有二源，合流而南，郎義河自城北來會，至城東，匯為青華海。折東南，穿峽口洞出，為枯柯河，南入灣甸土州。南：蒲關、水眼關。北：甸頭關。東南：老姚關。東北：山塔關。西北：馬面關。施甸、沙木和巡司二。永平簡。府東北百七十里。東：天馬、羅武。西：和丘。北：羅木。西南：博南山、花橋山。銀龍江出東北阿荒山，南流至城東南，納羅木場、曲洞河、花橋河諸水，入順寧，入瀾滄江。東：勝備江，源出羅武山，東南納九渡、雙橋諸水，至蒙化入碧溪江。西南：花橋關。東北：上甸關。龍陵廳要。府西南二百九十里。明，猛弄司。乾隆三十五年置同知，徙駐。東：怒江，自潞江土司東南流入境，納野豬河、施甸河、邦買、迴環諸水，南流折西，歷孟定土府入緬甸。龍川江緣廳西界，納香柏河、芒市河，西南流，合南歌郎水，逕遮放南入瑞麗江。東：象達關。南：遮放副宣撫司，本隴川宣撫司地，明萬曆十二年以多恭為副宣撫使，管遮放。今因之。騰越廳要。迤西道駐。府西三百六十里。騰越鎮總兵駐。明屬永昌府。嘉慶二十五年升直隸廳。道光二年降廳。光緒間，開埠通商。東：高黎貢山，一名崑崙崗，山頂有泉，東入保山，西入騰越，又名分水嶺。北：明光。西：雅烏猛弄。西北：姊妹山。龍川江源出西藏桑楚河，亦曰麓川江，至城東，納曲石江水，折而西，至天馬關入緬甸。大盈江亦曰大車江，源出赤土山，曰馬邑河，西流至城東北，納馬場河、黃坡、緬箐、橋頭、曩拱諸水，南與檳榔江會，有盞達河北流來注，西南逕銅壁關東、鐵壁關北，入蠻募土司，入大金沙江。西：檳榔江，東南流，入干崖土司，會大盈江。東：龍川江關。南：鎮夷關。西：滇灘關。西北：神護關。孟定土府府東南八百七十里。明，土府。順治初因之。土官罕氏世襲，隸府。北：無量山，跨鎮康、耿馬兩土司界。南丁河，自緬寧入，納無量山水，西南流，納南卡、南路、南們、南底、南滾諸水，西逕府北，折南入阿瓦。怒江自龍陵入，俗名喳哩江，逕府北入緬甸。為府境之險要。灣甸土州府東南二百二十里。土官景姓世襲，隸府。西北：高黎貢山。東：孟通山。枯柯河自保山入，南流，姚關水來會，又南至城西北，會鎮康河。鎮康河自鎮康入，左納響水河，右納杜偉山水，北與枯柯河會，合為南甸河。折西，流入龍陵，注怒江。有黑泉，毒不可涉。北：姚關。鎮康土州府南三百八十里。古石睒黑僰所。土官刁姓世襲，隸府。東南：烏木龍山。西：無量山，即蒙樂山。鎮康河有二源，一出烏木龍山北麓，西北流，一出無量山北麓，東北流，合為烏木龍河，逕城西南，怕紅河來會，為鎮康河，折北逕城西，入灣甸。南：昔剌寨。西南：控尾寨。潞江安撫司隸府。府西南百三十五里。明，柔遠府，旋改潞江長官司。永樂九年升安撫司。順治初因之。土官線氏世襲。東：雷弄山。南：掌元山、高侖山。潞江自保山入，南流入龍陵。南：何坡寨。西南：景罕寨。東南：細甸。皆蠻酋結寨處。南：全勝關。孟連長官司隸府。在廳南。古名哈瓦。明永樂四年置長官司，直隸雲南都司。嘉靖中裁。萬曆十三年復置。順治初因之，屬永昌。乾隆二十九年改屬順寧。光緒二十年還屬。東北：孟連河，東南流入阿瓦。南甸宣撫司隸騰越廳。廳南七十里。明置南甸府，屬騰衝，旋改州。正統八年升宣撫司，直隸布政司。順治初因之，改隸騰越。土司刁氏世襲。東：丙弄蠻幹山，土酋世居其上。南：沙木籠山。西南：牙山，延袤百餘里，山泉流入南牙江。南牙江一名小梁河，即大盈江上流，納猛送水，西入干崖。干崖宣撫司隸騰越廳。廳西南百二十里。明置府，屬麓川平緬司。永樂元年析置長官司。正統九年升宣撫司，直隸布政司。順治初因之，改隸騰越。土官刁氏世襲。東：雲籠山，雲籠河出焉。南：雲晃山。西：刺朋山布嶺。北：白蓮山，土官居之。大盈江自南甸入，名安樂河，西逕司北，與檳榔江會，又西南入盞達。盞達副宣撫司隸騰越廳。廳西南百四十里。本干崖地。明正統中置。萬曆中為緬據。順治中復置。嘉慶二十四年隸騰越。土官刁氏世襲。北：盞達山，盞達河出焉，西南會曩送河入檳榔江。檳榔江自干崖入，逕司東南境，西南流入臘撒。隴川宣撫司隸騰越廳。廳西南百四十里。明置麓川平緬軍民宣撫司。正統十一年改置，治隴把，與干崖、南甸稱為三宣撫，後入於緬。順治初復置，隸騰越。土官多氏世襲。有摩犁、孔明、寄箭、羅木諸山。東：龍川江，亦曰麓川江，自芒市入，西南流入遮放。西北為大金沙江。芒市安撫司隸騰越廳。廳東南四十里。古為怒謀、大枯睒、小枯睒之地。明，芒市府。正統九年改置長官司，直隸布政司，後升安撫。順治初因之，改隸騰越。土司放氏。西南：青石山，峭拔萬仞，夷砦居之。芒市河源出司西北境，西南流入遮放。猛卯安撫司隸騰越廳。廳西南百四十里。本木邦地。明析置蠻莫宣撫司。萬曆三十年，改土酋長。順治初復置。十六年改今名。土司思姓。司治後蠻哈山，山如象鼻。北：等練山，山有等練城，又有雷哈、打線諸地，皆司境險要。東：龍川江自遮放入，納碗頂河、蠻膽河諸水，又西南出漢龍、天馬關間，又西入緬甸。又西南，那莫江，下流入大金沙江。戶撒長官司隸騰越廳。廳西南百九十里。本莪昌夷地。明置土司。雍正二年裁。乾隆三十一年復置。臘撒長官司隸騰越廳。廳西南二百二十里。與戶撒同時置。西北：檳榔江自盞達入，西南流入緬甸。

Yongchang Prefecture: of key importance. It was subordinate to the Yixi Circuit. In the Ming it was a military-civilian prefecture. It governed one department, two counties, one native prefecture, and two native departments. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi the Fengxi and Shidian native offices were abolished and merged in. In the thirtieth year of Qianlong the word "military-civilian" was dropped. In the thirty-fifth year Longling was established. During the Jiaqing reign Tengyue was raised to a directly controlled subprefecture. In the second year of Daoguang it was demoted. It lay one thousand three hundred forty-five li east of the provincial capital. It measured six hundred ninety li across and one thousand one hundred twenty li from north to south. Its northern latitude was twenty-five degrees six minutes. It lay seventeen degrees four minutes west of the capital. It governed two subprefectures, two counties, one native prefecture, two native departments, five pacification commissions, three consolation commissions, and two native offices. Baoshan: busy and difficult to administer. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. Within the city walls: Taibao Mountain, from which the county took its name. To the east: Ailao Mountain. To the west: Jiulong. To the south: Fabao. To the northwest: the Nujiang entered from Yunlong, absorbed the Xixi, Xueshan, Pupiao, Pingshi, Bawan, and other streams, and flowed southeast into the Lujiang. To the northeast: the Lancang River came from Yunlong, divided with Yongping, absorbed the Luomin northern mountain waters and Shamushui River, and flowed southeast into Shunning. The Nandian River, whose upper course was the Qingshui River, had two sources that united and flowed south; the Langyi River came from north of the city to join them, and east of the city they gathered into Qinghua Lake. Turning southeast, it passed through Xiakou Cave and emerged as the Kuke River, flowing south into the Wandian Native Department. To the south: Pu Pass and Shuiyan Pass. To the north: Diantou Pass. To the southeast: Laoyao Pass. To the northeast: Shanta Pass. To the northwest: Mamian Pass. It had two inspection offices: Shidian and Shamuhe. Yongping: administratively simple. It lay one hundred seventy li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east: Tianma and Luowu. To the west: Heqiu. To the north: Luomu. To the southwest: Bonan and Huaqiao mountains. The Yinlong River issued from Ahuang Mountain to the northeast, flowed south to the southeast of the city, absorbed the Luomuchang, Qudong River, Huaqiao River, and other streams, entered Shunning, and entered the Lancang River. To the east: the Shengbei River rose from Luowu Mountain, flowed southeast to absorb the Jiudu and Shuangqiao waters, and at Menghua entered the Bixi River. To the southwest: Huaqiao Pass. To the northeast: Shangdian Pass. Longling Subprefecture: of key importance. It lay two hundred ninety li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the Ming it had been the Mengnong Office. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong a subprefect was established and the seat was moved there. To the east: the Nujiang entered the jurisdiction from the Lujiang native chieftain to the southeast, absorbed the Yezhu River, Shidian River, Bangmai, Huihuan, and other streams, flowed south then turned west, passed through the Mengding Native Prefecture, and entered Burma. The Longchuan River ran along the western boundary of the subprefecture, absorbed the Xiangbai River and Mangshi River, flowed southwest, joined the Nangelang River, passed south of Zhefang, and entered the Ruili River. To the east: Xiangda Pass. To the south: the Zhefang Deputy Pacification Commission, originally part of the Longchuan Pacification Commission; in the twelfth year of Wanli Duogong was made deputy pacification commissioner to govern Zhefang. The present arrangement was retained. Tengyue Subprefecture: of key importance. The Yixi circuit intendant was stationed here. It lay three hundred sixty li west of the prefectural seat. The Tengyue Garrison regional commander was stationed here. In the Ming it had belonged to Yongchang Prefecture. In the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing it was raised to a directly controlled subprefecture. In the second year of Daoguang it was demoted to a subprefecture. During the Guangxu period a treaty port was opened for foreign trade. To the east: Gaoligong Mountain, also called Kunlungang; a spring on its summit flowed east into Baoshan and west into Tengyue—it was also called the Watershed Ridge. To the north: Mingguang. To the west: Yawumengnong. To the northwest: Jiemei Mountain. The Longchuan River rose from the Sangchu River in Tibet, also called the Luchuan River; reaching the east of the city it absorbed the Qushi River, turned west, and at Tianma Pass entered Burma. The Daying River was also called the Dache River; it rose from Chitu Mountain as the Mayi River, flowed west to the northeast of the city, absorbed the Machang River, Huangpo, Mianqing, Qiaotou, Nanggong, and other streams, flowed south to meet the Binglang River, received the Zhanda River flowing north to join it, passed southwest east of Tongbi Pass and north of Tiebi Pass, entered the Manmu native chieftain, and entered the Great Jinsha River. To the west: the Binglang River flowed southeast, entered the Ganyai native chieftain, and met the Daying River. To the east: Longchuanjiang Pass. To the south: Zhenyi Pass. To the west: Diantan Pass. To the northwest: Shenhu Pass. The Mengding Native Prefecture lay eight hundred seventy li southeast of the prefectural seat. In the Ming it had been a native prefecture. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. The native official of the Han surname held office by hereditary succession, subordinate to the prefecture. To the north: Wuliang Mountain, spanning the boundaries of the Zhenkang and Gengma native chieftains. The Nanding River entered from Mianning, absorbed Wuliang Mountain waters, flowed southwest, absorbed the Nanka, Nanlu, Nanmen, Nandi, and Nangun rivers, passed west of the prefecture seat, turned south, and entered Ava. The Nujiang entered from Longling, commonly called the Zhali River, passed north of the prefecture seat, and entered Burma. It formed a strategic strongpoint of the prefecture's territory. The Wandian Native Department lay two hundred twenty li southeast of the prefectural seat. The native official of the Jing surname held office by hereditary succession, subordinate to the prefecture. To the northwest: Gaoligong Mountain. To the east: Mengtong Mountain. The Kuke River entered from Baoshan, flowed south, the Yaoguan River came to join it, and further south to the northwest of the city it met the Zhenkang River. The Zhenkang River entered from Zhenkang; on the left it absorbed the Xiangshui River, on the right it absorbed the Duwei Mountain waters, flowed north to meet the Kuke River, and together they became the Nandian River. Turning west, it flowed into Longling and entered the Nujiang. There was a Black Spring, poisonous and impassable. To the north: Yaoguan. The Zhenkang Native Department lay three hundred eighty li south of the prefectural seat. It was ancient territory of the Shixianhei Bo. The native official of the Diao surname held office by hereditary succession, subordinate to the prefecture. To the southeast: Wumulong Mountain. To the west: Wuliang Mountain, also called Mengle Mountain. The Zhenkang River had two sources: one issued from the northern foothills of Wumulong Mountain and flowed northwest; one issued from the northern foothills of Wuliang Mountain and flowed northeast; they united to form the Wumulong River, passed southwest of the city, the Pahong River came to join it and became the Zhenkang River, turned north past the west of the city, and entered Wandian. To the south: Xila Stockade. To the southwest: Kongwei Stockade. The Lujiang Consolation Commission was subordinate to the prefecture. It lay one hundred thirty-five li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the Ming it had been Rouyuan Prefecture, soon changed to the Lujiang Native Office. In the ninth year of Yongle it was raised to a Consolation Commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement. The native official of the Xian surname held office by hereditary succession. To the east: Leilong Mountain. To the south: Zhangyuan and Gaolun mountains. The Lujiang entered from Baoshan and flowed south into Longling. To the south: Hepo Stockade. To the southwest: Jinghan Stockade. To the southeast: Xidian. All were places where barbarian chiefs established stockades. To the south: Quansheng Pass. The Menglian Native Office was subordinate to the prefecture. It lay south of the subprefecture. Its ancient name was Hawa. In the fourth year of Yongle a native office was established, directly subordinate to the Yunnan Regional Military Commission. During the Jiajing reign it was abolished. In the thirteenth year of Wanli it was re-established. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement and belonged to Yongchang. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong its jurisdiction was transferred to Shunning. In the twentieth year of Guangxu it was returned to Yongchang's jurisdiction. To the northeast: the Menglian River flowed southeast into Ava. The Nandian Pacification Commission was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay seventy li south of the subprefecture seat. In the Ming Nandian Prefecture was established, subordinate to Tengchong, soon changed to a department. In the eighth year of Zhengtong it was raised to a Pacification Commission, directly subordinate to the Provincial Administration Commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement and was transferred to Tengyue. The native chieftain of the Diao surname held office by hereditary succession. To the east: Bingnong Manggan Mountain, where the native chief had lived for generations. To the south: Shamulong Mountain. To the southwest: Ya Mountain, extending more than a hundred li; its mountain springs flowed into the Nanya River. The Nanya River was also called the Xiaoliang River, the upper course of the Daying River; it absorbed the Mengsong waters and flowed west into Ganyai. The Ganyai Pacification Commission was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay one hundred twenty li southwest of the subprefecture seat. In the Ming a prefecture was established, subordinate to the Luchuan Pingmian Office. In the first year of Yongle a native office was established separately. In the ninth year of Zhengtong it was raised to a Pacification Commission, directly subordinate to the Provincial Administration Commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement and was transferred to Tengyue. The native official of the Diao surname held office by hereditary succession. To the east: Yunlong Mountain, from which the Yunlong River issued. To the south: Yunhuang Mountain. To the west: Cipeng Mountain Buling. To the north: Bailian Mountain, where the native official resided. The Daying River entered from Nandian, called the Anle River, passed west of the office seat, met the Binglang River, and further southwest entered Zhanda. The Zhanda Deputy Pacification Commission was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay one hundred forty li southwest of the subprefecture seat. It had originally been part of Ganyai. It was established in the Zhengtong reign of the Ming. During the Wanli reign it was occupied by Burma. During the Shunzhi reign it was re-established. In the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing it was placed under Tengyue. The native official of the Diao surname held office by hereditary succession. To the north: Zhanda Mountain, from which the Zhanda River issued; it flowed southwest to meet the Nangsong River and enter the Binglang River. The Binglang River entered from Ganyai, passed through the southeast of the office jurisdiction, and flowed southwest into Lasa. The Longchuan Pacification Commission was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay one hundred forty li southwest of the subprefecture seat. In the Ming the Luchuan Pingmian Military-Civilian Pacification Commission was established. In the eleventh year of Zhengtong it was reorganized, with its seat at Longba; together with Ganyai and Nandian it was called the Three Pacification Commissions, later absorbed by Burma. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was re-established and placed under Tengyue. The native official of the Duo surname held office by hereditary succession. It had Moli, Kongming, Jijian, and Luomu mountains. To the east: the Longchuan River, also called the Luchuan River, entered from Mangshi and flowed southwest into Zhefang. To the northwest lay the Great Jinsha River. The Mangshi Consolation Commission was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay forty li southeast of the subprefecture seat. Anciently it had been the land of Numou, Daku Xian, and Xiaoku Xian. In the Ming it had been Mangshi Prefecture. In the ninth year of Zhengtong it was reorganized as a native office, directly subordinate to the Provincial Administration Commission, later raised to a Consolation Commission. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming arrangement and was transferred to Tengyue. Its native chieftain was of the Fang clan. To the southwest: Qingshi Mountain, precipitous ten thousand ren high, where Yi stockades were situated. The Mangshi River rose within the northwest of the office jurisdiction and flowed southwest into Zhefang. The Mengmao Consolation Commission was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay one hundred forty li southwest of the subprefecture seat. It had originally been part of Mubang. In the Ming the Manmo Pacification Commission was established separately. In the thirtieth year of Wanli the native chieftain was reduced to a native headman. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was re-established. In the sixteenth year it was renamed to its present name. Its native chieftain was of the Si clan. The office seat stood behind Manha Mountain, shaped like an elephant's trunk. To the north: Denglian Mountain, on which stood Denglian City; also Leiha, Daxian, and other places—all strategic strongpoints within the office jurisdiction. To the east: the Longchuan River entered from Zhefang, absorbed the Wanding River, Mandan River, and other streams, further southwest emerged between Hanlong and Tianma passes, and further west entered Burma. Further southwest, the Namo River flowed downstream into the Great Jinsha River. The Husa Native Office was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay one hundred ninety li southwest of the subprefecture seat. It had originally been Echang Yi territory. In the Ming a native chieftain was established. In the second year of Yongzheng it was abolished. In the thirty-first year of Qianlong it was re-established. The Lasa Native Office was subordinate to Tengyue Subprefecture. It lay two hundred twenty li southwest of the subprefecture seat. It was established at the same time as Husa. To the northwest: the Binglang River entered from Zhanda and flowed southwest into Burma.

順寧府：繁，難。隸迤西道。明，順寧府，領州一。順治初，沿明制。乾隆十二年，升猛緬長官司為緬寧廳。三十五年，置順寧縣為府治。東距省治一千二百里。廣三百四十里，袤六百九十里。北極高二十四度三十六分。京師偏西十六度二十二分。領廳一，州一，縣一，宣撫司一。順寧要。倚。東：東山、九龍。西：旗山。南：曇花、把邊、瓊岳。北：★山、偰山、墨玉、阿魯司泥、赤龜。東南：猛盬者石山。西南：西粵山，山下有瓊英洞。北：黑惠江，一名碧雞江，即樣濞江，自蒙化入，南流，繞津山東麓，合瀾滄江。瀾滄江自保山入，東南流，合高梘槽河、三苔菁水，會黑惠江，入雲州。順甸河、順寧河合流從之。阿鐸河源出阿鐸山，南流入緬寧，注猛緬河。南：把邊關。西南：等臘關。縣西北：望城關、金馬關。府經歷駐縣西北右甸。緬寧廳要。府南三百里。明，猛緬長官司，隸雲州。乾隆十二年，置廳隸府，兼大猛撒之地，亦稱三猛。西南：梳頭山。東：銀錠、翠屏、天喜、接天。西：高嵐。南：鳳凰山、烏龍山，北對松猢猻山。瀾滄江自景東入，逕廳東南入鎮邊。猛緬河，即南丁河上游，源出廳南猛准之分水嶺，折東北，納雲州小河水及四十八道水，又西至猛賴南，為猛賴河，入孟定。南：分水嶺關。西：箐口關。北：錫蒲關。南：猛猛土巡司。雲州要。府東三十里。東北：無量山，即蒙樂山，東：阿輪山，層峰疊巘，四時蒼翠。西：蠻賴山，多竹。北：八刺、天馬。南：猛卯、蠻彌山。瀾滄江自順寧入，合順寧河，東逕州南，猛郎河、猛麻河注焉。又東入景東。南有永鎮關。小河水細流支分，凡四十八道，西南猛賴、西溪水，俱流入緬寧，注猛緬河。南：永鎮關，大猛麻土巡司駐。耿馬宣撫司府西南二百五十三里。古蠻地。本屬孟定土府。明萬曆十三年，析孟定地置安撫司，旋升宣撫司，以喳哩江為界，北距孟定百里。順治中，罕悶睆投誠，仍授宣撫司，世襲，隸永昌。乾隆二十九年改隸順寧。西：三尖山、養馬山。西南：們河源山。西北：南路河源山。北：耿馬河源山。南：們河西流，南路河北流，併入孟定。耿馬河南流，合南別河入鎮邊，即辣蒜江上源也。

Shunning Prefecture: busy and difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Yixi Circuit. In the Ming it had been Shunning Prefecture, governing one department. At the beginning of Shunzhi it followed the Ming system. In the twelfth year of Qianlong the Mengmian Native Office was raised to Mianning Subprefecture. In the thirty-fifth year Shunning County was established as the prefectural seat. It lay one thousand two hundred li east of the provincial capital. It measured three hundred forty li across and six hundred ninety li from north to south. Its northern latitude was twenty-four degrees thirty-six minutes. It lay sixteen degrees twenty-two minutes west of the capital. It governed one subprefecture, one department, one county, and one pacification commission. Shunning: of key importance. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. To the east: Dongshan and Jiulong. To the west: Qishan. To the south: Tanhua, Babian, and Qiongyue. To the north: Xingshan, Xieshan, Moyu, Alusi Ni, and Chigui. To the southeast: Mengguzheshi Mountain. To the southwest: Xiyue Mountain; below the mountain was Qiongying Cave. To the north: the Heihui River, also known as the Biji River and identical with the Yangbi River, entered from Menghua, flowed south, skirted the eastern foot of Jinshan, and joined the Lancang River. The Lancang River entered from Baoshan, flowed southeast, joined the Gaoqicao River and Santaijing Stream, met the Heihui River, and entered Yunzhou. The Shundian and Shunning rivers united and followed it. The Aduo River rose from Aduo Mountain, flowed south into Mianning, and emptied into the Mengmian River. To the south: Babian Pass. To the southwest: Dengla Pass. Northwest of the county: Wangcheng Pass and Jinma Pass. The prefectural assistant administrator was stationed at Youdian northwest of the county. Mianning Subprefecture: of key importance. Three hundred li south of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been the Mengmian Chieftain Office, subordinate to Yunzhou. In the twelfth year of Qianlong a subprefecture was established under the prefecture, incorporating the territory of Damengsa and also known as Sanmeng. To the southwest: Shutou Mountain. To the east: Yinding, Cuiping, Tianxi, and Jietian. To the west: Gaolan. To the south: Fenghuang and Wulong mountains, facing Song Housun Mountain to the north. The Lancang River entered from Jingdong, passed southeast of the subprefecture, and entered Zhenbian. The Mengmian River, the upper course of the Nanding River, rose from the watershed at Mengzhun south of the subprefecture, turned northeast, received the Yunzhou Xiahe River and forty-eight branch streams, then flowed west to south of Menglai where it became the Menglai River and entered Mengding. To the south: Fenshuiling Pass. To the west: Qingkou Pass. To the north: Xipu Pass. To the south: the Mengmeng Native Patrolling Office. Yunzhou: of key importance. Thirty li east of the prefecture. To the northeast: Wuliang Mountain, also known as Mengle Mountain; to the east: Alun Mountain, with layered peaks and ridges verdant in all seasons. To the west: Manlai Mountain, rich in bamboo. To the north: Baci and Tianma. To the south: Mengmao and Manmi mountains. The Lancang River entered from Shunning, joined the Shunning River, flowed east past the south of the department, and received the Menglang and Mengma rivers. It then flowed east into Jingdong. To the south was Yongzhen Pass. The Xiahe River divided into fine branches, forty-eight in all; Menglai in the southwest and Xixi Stream both flowed into Mianning and emptied into the Mengmian River. To the south: Yongzhen Pass, where the Damengma Native Patrolling Office was stationed. The Gengma Pacification Commissioner lay two hundred fifty-three li southwest of the prefecture. It was ancient Man territory. It had originally belonged to the Mengding Native Prefecture. In the thirteenth year of Wanli in the Ming, territory was split from Mengding to establish a pacification commissioner, which was soon raised to a higher-ranking pacification commissionership; with the Zhali River as boundary, it lay one hundred li north of Mengding. During Shunzhi Han Menduan submitted in allegiance and was again granted the pacification commissionership, hereditarily, subordinate to Yongchang. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong it was reassigned to Shunning. To the west: Sanjian and Yangma mountains. To the southwest: Menhe Yuanshan. To the northwest: Nanlu Yuanshan. To the north: Gengma Yuanshan. To the south: the Men River flowed west and the Nanlu River flowed north, both entering Mengding. The Gengma River flowed south, joined the Nanbie River to enter Zhenbian, forming the upper course of the Lasuan River.

永北直隸廳：繁，疲，難。隸迤西道。明，北勝州，隸鶴慶府，興瀾滄衛同治。康熙五年，降為屬州，隸大理。二十六年，省衛入州。三十一年，復為直隸州。三十七年，升永北府，以永寧土府隸之。三十八年，又以鶴慶府屬故順州地入焉。乾隆三十五年，改直隸廳。光緒三十四年，以廳屬之華榮庄經歷改設知縣，仍隸廳。東南距省治一千四里。廣四百七十五里，袤八百二十里。北極高二十六度四十三分。京師偏西十五度三十一分。領縣一，土府一，土州一。東：壺山、阿剌山。東南：大坡難嶺，高二萬餘丈，巔有龍湫。西：三刀山、伏虎山。西南：瀾滄山，衛、驛皆以此得名。西北：太保山，一曰近屯東山，下有九龍潭。其西為近屯西山，下有草海。西：金沙江自鶴慶入，緣廳西南入大姚。無量河自中甸入，納走馬河、觀音河、他留河、沘那河、三渡河諸水，南入金沙江。經歷司二，一駐舊衙坪，一駐華榮庄。今改縣知事一，駐金沙。順州土州同在廳西百二十里。西：西山關。南：南山關。北：北山關。華坪縣廳□□里，本名華榮庄，舊設經歷於此。光緒三十四年，雲貴總督錫良奏改縣，即以庄為縣治。永寧土府廳北四百五十里。明屬鶴慶，尋升為府。土官阿姓。領長官司四，今屬廳。北：卜兀山、剌不。東南：甲母。東北：六捏山。打沖河源出府南；北流為三岔河，又北至府東南，為勒基河，又北至府東南，納瀘沽湖水，東入四川，注鴉蹐江。瀘沽湖在府東三十里，中有三島，周二十五里，東北流，入打沖河。蒗蕖土州廳北百八十里。明屬鶴慶，尋廢。順治初，土官阿化投誠，未授職。康熙三十一年改土官為土舍。道光十九年復設土州，仍以阿氏襲。西南：綿綿山，麥架河出，亦曰蒗蕖水，折東北為挖開河，納別別河、鹽井河入鴉蹐江。走馬河源出東南裸儸關，西南流，入永北廳。羅易江自州北流，入永寧瀘沽湖。

Yongbei Directly Controlled Subprefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Yixi Circuit. In the Ming it had been Beisheng Department, subordinate to Heqing Prefecture and administered together with Xinglancang Guard. In the fifth year of Kangxi it was reduced to a subordinate department under Dali. In the twenty-sixth year the guard was abolished and incorporated into the department. In the thirty-first year it was again made a directly controlled department. In the thirty-seventh year it was raised to Yongbei Prefecture, with the Yongning Native Prefecture subordinate to it. In the thirty-eighth year the former Shunzhou territory belonging to Heqing Prefecture was also incorporated. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to a directly controlled subprefecture. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu the Huarongzhuang assistant administrator under the subprefecture was changed to a county magistrate, still subordinate to the subprefecture. It lay one thousand four li southeast of the provincial seat. It measured four hundred seventy-five li in width and eight hundred twenty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-six degrees forty-three minutes. It lay fifteen degrees thirty-one minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered one county, one native prefecture, and one native department. To the east: Hushan and Ala mountains. To the southeast: Daponan Ridge, over twenty thousand zhang high, with a dragon pool on its summit. To the west: Sandao and Fuhu mountains. To the southwest: Lancang Mountain, from which both the guard and the post station took their names. To the northwest: Taibao Mountain, also called Jintun East Mountain, with Jiulong Pool below. To its west was Jintun West Mountain, with Caohai below. To the west: the Jinsha River entered from Heqing, skirted the southwest of the subprefecture, and entered Dayao. The Wuliang River entered from Zhongdian, received the Zouma, Guanyin, Talin, Bina, and Sandu rivers and other waters, and flowed south into the Jinsha River. There were two assistant administrator offices: one stationed at Jiuyaping and one at Huarongzhuang. It was now changed to one county director, stationed at Jinsha. Shunzhou Native Department likewise lay one hundred twenty li west of the subprefecture. To the west: Xishan Pass. To the south: Nanshan Pass. To the north: Beishan Pass. Huaping County lay □□ li from the subprefecture; originally called Huarongzhuang, where an assistant administrator had formerly been stationed. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu Yunnan-Guizhou Governor-General Xi Liang memorialized to change it to a county, making the village the county seat. Yongning Native Prefecture lay four hundred fifty li north of the subprefecture. In the Ming it had belonged to Heqing and was soon raised to a prefecture. The native official was surnamed A. It administered four chieftain offices; they now belonged to the subprefecture. To the north: Buwu Mountain and Labu. To the southeast: Jiamu. To the northeast: Liunie Mountain. The Dachong River rose south of the prefecture; flowed north as the Sancha River, then north again to the southeast of the prefecture as the Leji River, then north again to the southeast of the prefecture where it received Lugu Lake waters, flowed east into Sichuan, and emptied into the Yaji River. Lugu Lake lay thirty li east of the prefecture, with three islands within it and a circumference of twenty-five li; it flowed northeast into the Dachong River. Langqu Native Department lay one hundred eighty li north of the subprefecture. In the Ming it had belonged to Heqing and was soon abolished. At the beginning of Shunzhi the native official A Hua submitted in allegiance but was not granted a post. In the thirty-first year of Kangxi the native official was changed to a native company commander. In the nineteenth year of Daoguang the native department was reestablished, still inherited by the A clan. To the southwest: Mianmian Mountain, whence the Maijia River issued, also called Langqu Stream; it turned northeast as the Wokai River, received the Biebie and Yanjing rivers, and entered the Yaji River. The Zouma River rose at Luoluo Pass in the southeast, flowed southwest, and entered Yongbei Subprefecture. The Luoyi River flowed north from the department and entered Yongning's Lugu Lake.

蒙化直隸廳：要。隸迤西道。明，蒙化府。康熙四年，置流官，設掌印同知。雍正七年，省楚雄府之定邊入之。乾隆三十五年，改直隸廳。東距省治八百二十里。廣二百里，袤二百九十五里。北極高二十五度十九分。京師偏西十五度五十七分。明，蒙化故衛。康熙六年裁。西：文華、屯庫、交椅、金牛。南：甸尾。北：蒙舍山、天耳山一名甸頭山、石母山。東南：玉屏山、螺盤山、月牙山。西南：五印山。西北：巄鸃圖山。西南：瀾滄江自永昌入，南入順寧。西北：漾濞江自太和入，緣廳西流入順寧。禮社江有二源：東源曰白崖瞼江，東自趙州入，納毗雌江水，東南流；西源曰陽江，西北自花判山南流，納盟石河、教場河、錦溪、五道河、定邊河、窩接河諸水，東南與白崖瞼江會，曰禮社江，東南流，入南安。阿集左河，即把邊江上流，東南流，納虎街、牛街、安定河諸水，南入景東。諸始河納七溪諸水，西南流，入順寧。東：隆慶關。東南：白普關。巡司三：一駐南澗，即廢定邊城；一駐瀾滄江；一駐漾濞江。鎮一：迷渡。

Menghua Directly Controlled Subprefecture: of key importance. It was subordinate to the Yixi Circuit. In the Ming it had been Menghua Prefecture. In the fourth year of Kangxi a regular official was appointed and a seal-holding subprefect was established. In the seventh year of Yongzheng Dingbian of Chuxiong Prefecture was abolished and incorporated into it. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to a directly controlled subprefecture. It lay eight hundred twenty li east of the provincial seat. It measured two hundred li in width and two hundred ninety-five li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-five degrees nineteen minutes. It lay fifteen degrees fifty-seven minutes west of the capital meridian. In the Ming it had been the former Menghua Guard. In the sixth year of Kangxi it was abolished. To the west: Wenhua, Tunku, Jiaoyi, and Jinniu. To the south: Dianwei. To the north: Mengshe, Tian'er (also called Diantou), and Shimu mountains. To the southeast: Yuping, Luopan, and Yueya mountains. To the southwest: Wuyin Mountain. To the northwest: Congyitu Mountain. To the southwest: the Lancang River entered from Yongchang and flowed south into Shunning. To the northwest: the Yangbi River entered from Taihe, skirted the west of the subprefecture, and flowed into Shunning. The Lishi River had two sources: the eastern source was the Baiyanjian River, entering from Zhao Department in the east, receiving the Picijiang waters, and flowing southeast; the western source was the Yang River, flowing south from Huapanshan in the northwest, receiving the Mengshi, Jiaochang, Jinxi, Wudao, Dingbian, and Wojie rivers and other waters; flowing southeast it met the Baiyanjian River and was called the Lishi River, which flowed southeast into Nan'an. The Ajizuo River, the upper course of the Babian River, flowed southeast, received the Hujie, Niujie, and Anding rivers and other waters, and flowed south into Jingdong. The Zhushi River received the Qixi streams and other waters, flowed southwest, and entered Shunning. To the east: Longqing Pass. To the southeast: Baipu Pass. There were three patrolling offices: one stationed at Nanjian, the former Dingbian city; one stationed on the Lancang River; one stationed on the Yangbi River. One garrison: Midu.

景東直隸廳：繁，疲，難。隸迤西道。明，景東府。康熙四年，置流官，設掌印同知。乾隆三十五年，改直隸廳。東北距省治一千一百七十五里。廣三百四十里，袤四百二十里。北極高二十四度二十九分三十秒。京師偏西十五度三十一分。治後玉屏山。東：鳳山，舊土官陶姓世居。西：無量山，即蒙樂山，連亙三百餘里，與蒙化、雲州、緬寧、鎮邊接界，即禹貢梁州蒙山也。南：錦屏、孔雀、南鯨。北：鶴籠山。東南：瑞霞。西北：景董山，明建景東衛城於上。西南：瀾滄江，自蒙化入，緣廳西界入鎮邊。江上漢永平中建蘭津橋，兩岸峭壁，鎔鐵系南北，古稱巨險。把邊江一名中川河，東南流入鎮沅。又猛統河、者干河，均南流入鎮沅。景谷河流入威遠。鹽井四：在廳南者曰磨臘、磨外，在廳西者曰大井、小井。南：景蘭關、母瓜關。北：安定關。西北：保甸土司，明宣德中建，土官陶姓，世襲巡司。北：三岔河土司，明弘治中建，土官楊姓，世襲巡司。東北：板橋驛，土官阿姓，世襲驛丞。有猛統巡司一。

Jingdong Directly Controlled Subprefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Yixi Circuit. In the Ming it had been Jingdong Prefecture. In the fourth year of Kangxi a regular official was appointed and a seal-holding subprefect was established. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to a directly controlled subprefecture. It lay one thousand one hundred seventy-five li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured three hundred forty li in width and four hundred twenty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-four degrees twenty-nine minutes thirty seconds. It lay fifteen degrees thirty-one minutes west of the capital meridian. Behind the seat rose Yuping Mountain. To the east: Fengshan, where the former native official surnamed Tao had long resided. To the west: Wuliang Mountain, also known as Mengle Mountain, extending over three hundred li and bordering Menghua, Yunzhou, Mianning, and Zhenbian—the Meng Mountain of Liang Province in the Yu Gong. To the south: Jinping, Kongque, and Nanjing. To the north: Helong Mountain. To the southeast: Ruixia. To the northwest: Jingdong Mountain, where in the Ming the Jingdong Guard city had been built. To the southwest: the Lancang River entered from Menghua, skirted the western boundary of the subprefecture, and entered Zhenbian. On the river the Lanjin Bridge was built in Yongping of the Han; iron was melted to link the north and south banks across sheer cliffs—anciently called a great peril. The Babian River, also called the Zhongchuan River, flowed southeast into Zhenyuan. Also the Mengtong and Zhegan rivers both flowed south into Zhenyuan. The Jinggu River flowed into Weiyuan. Four salt wells: south of the subprefecture were Mola and Mowai; west of the subprefecture were Dajing and Xiaojing. To the south: Jinglan Pass and Mugua Pass. To the north: Anding Pass. To the northwest: the Baodian Native Chieftain, established in the Ming during Xuande, with a native official surnamed Tao holding a hereditary patrolling office. To the north: the Sanchahe Native Chieftain, established in the Ming during Hongzhi, with a native official surnamed Yang holding a hereditary patrolling office. To the northeast: Banqiao Post Station, with a native official surnamed A holding a hereditary post station directorship. There was one Mengtong Patrolling Office.

曲靖府：沖，繁，疲，難。迤東道治所。明，曲靖府，領州四，縣二。康熙八年，省亦佐入羅平，又降尋甸府為州來隸。三十四年，改舊平彝衛為平彝縣來隸。雍正五年，析霑益州地置宣威州。西南距省治三百里。廣三百九十里，袤六百二十里。北極高二十五度三十三分。京師偏西十二度三十九分。領州六，縣二。南寧沖，難。倚。東：青龍、白水、關山。西：勝峰。南：石寶、觀音。北：龍華山。東南：湯池、蓮花、楊梅、瀟湘。交河自霑益入，納南、北河水，逕縣北，合白石江，折南，瀟湘江自馬龍入，西南入陸涼。東：東海子、黑龍潭，均資灌溉。白水關驛丞兼巡司，裁，移白崖巡司駐。南寧一驛。霑益州沖，難。府北三十里。康熙二十六年裁平彝衛，分境屯賦并州。三十五年仍改歸平彝。雍正五年分置宣威州。北：花山洞，交河出，即水經溫水，南盤江上源也，東南流，逕州東北，納玉光溪、沙河、阿幢河諸水，入南寧。別有盤江，自貴州畢節入，繞州北境，仍入貴州南安。南：松韶關、阿幢橋關。有炎松巡司一。驛二：松林、炎方。陸涼州疲，難。府南百二十里。明置陸涼衛。康熙六年裁衛入州。東：丘雄山、平山。西：老鴉、月砑、鐵山、桃花山。南：終南山、天馬山。交河即南盤上流，自南寧入，納板橋河、關上河、乾沖河、匯為中埏澤，折西流，納大龍潭水，又西合西山大河、鋪上河，入宜良，為大池江。東北：陸涼湖，與中埏澤相連，周百餘里。南：大生關。西：木容關。北：石嘴頭關。驛一：普陀。羅平州難。府東南二百七十里。東：金雞、雲峰、淑龍。西：天目、月濤。南：五台、碧泉。北：安樂山、祿南山。黃泥河自貴州普安入，緣平彝界注塊澤河。復入，右合恩勤河，逕州東南。西：樓革江自師寶入，右會魯沂河，逕城北注之，至江底。八達河會西源交河入貴州興義，九龍河從之。板橋、偏山、大水井、恩勤諸汛。馬龍州沖，難。府西南五十里。西：楊唐山，一名關索嶺，上有夷關。又木容、華蓋、龍鼎、羅仵侯、中和諸山。瀟湘江源出木容山，東北合流為龍潭河，又西南為白蟒河，折西入尋甸。響水河出州東北，東流會札海子水，東入南寧為白石江。東：三叉口關。西南：分水嶺關。驛一。尋甸州沖，繁。府西百三十里。明，尋甸府。康熙八年降州來隸。東：哇山、中和山、小關索嶺。西：三棱山，山有九十九泉。南：石龍、梁王。北：珀璫山。車湖源出花箐哨山，會北山諸水瀦為湖，一名清水海，周數十里，北入會澤界為小江。龍洞，州北，三龍泉，州西，咸利灌溉。車洪河自嵩明入，亦曰尋川河，納歸龍河、玉帶河、螳螂河諸水，為阿交合溪，又東北入會澤。果馬溪源出果馬山，南流合花箐哨水，入嵩明為龍巨河。東南：木密關。北：八叉關。有易古巡司。驛一：易龍。平彝沖，繁，難。府東北九十里。明，平夷衛。康熙二十六年省衛入霑益州。三十四年改平彝。東：蠻崗山、旱感山。南：宗孟山。北：蒙洞山。塊澤河自霑益入，東流為響水河，又東至城西為十里河，又南納貴州普安明月所水，南入羅平。東：豫順關、宣威關。北：分山關。驛一：多羅。宣威州疲，難。府北二百三十里。明，霑益州。順治十六年移州治於交水。雍正五年析霑益州新化里至高坡頂置。東：宣威嶺。北：獅山、斗山、光山、馬鞍、鷓鴣。東南：木宗山。車洪江自尋甸入，納赤水河、西澤河水，北入會澤。可渡河自貴州威寧入，有二源，合為瓦岔河，會得吉河、皁衛河諸水，東北流入貴州，即北盤江上流。宛溫水源出州南東屯，北流，納州西境諸水，入可渡河。可渡關在焉，巡司駐此。驛一：儻塘。

Qujing Prefecture: strategically important, busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It was the seat of the Yidong Circuit. In the Ming it was Qujing Prefecture, administering four departments and two counties. In the eighth year of Kangxi Yizuo was abolished and incorporated into Luoping, and Xundian Prefecture was reduced to a department and placed under it. In the thirty-fourth year the former Pingyi Guard was changed to Pingyi County and placed under it. In the fifth year of Yongzheng territory was split from Zhanyi Department to establish Xuanwei Department. It lay three hundred li southwest of the provincial seat. It measured three hundred ninety li in width and six hundred twenty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-five degrees thirty-three minutes. It lay twelve degrees thirty-nine minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered six departments and two counties. Nanning: strategically important and difficult to administer. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. To the east: Qinglong, Baishui, and Guanshan. To the west: Shengfeng. To the south: Shibao and Guanyin. To the north: Longhua Mountain. To the southeast: Tangchi, Lianhua, Yangmei, and Xiaoxiang. The Jiao River entered from Zhanyi, received the south and north branch rivers, passed north of the county, joined the Baishi River, and turned south; the Xiaoxiang River entered from Malong in the southwest and entered Luliang. To the east: Donghai Lake and Heilong Pool, both supplying irrigation. The Baishuiguan post station director also held the patrolling office; when abolished, the Baiya Patrolling Office was moved there. Nanning had one post station. Zhanyi Department: strategically important and difficult to administer. Thirty li north of the prefecture. In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi Pingyi Guard was abolished and its garrison lands and taxes were divided and merged into the department. In the thirty-fifth year it was again changed back to Pingyi. In the fifth year of Yongzheng Xuanwei Department was separately established. To the north: Huashan Cave, whence the Jiao River issued—that is the Wenshui of the Shui Jing and the upper source of the Nanpan River—flowed southeast, passed northeast of the department, received Yuguang Stream, Shahe, and Azhuang rivers and other waters, and entered Nanning. Separately there was the Pan River, entering from Bijie in Guizhou, skirting the northern border of the department, and reentering Guizhou at Nan'an. To the south: Songsong Pass and Azhuang Bridge Pass. There was one Yansong Patrolling Office. Two post stations: Songlin and Yanfang. Luliang Department: taxing and difficult to administer. One hundred twenty li south of the prefecture. In the Ming Luliang Guard was established. In the sixth year of Kangxi the guard was abolished and incorporated into the department. To the east: Qiuxiong and Pingshan. To the west: Laoya, Yueya, Tieshan, and Taohua mountains. To the south: Zhongnan and Tianma mountains. The Jiao River, the upper course of the Nanpan, entered from Nanning, received the Banqiao, Guanshang, and Gancong rivers, gathered into Zhongting Marsh, turned west, received Dalongtan waters, then west joined Xishan Dahe and Pushang rivers, entered Yiliang, and became the Dachi River. To the northeast: Luliang Lake, connected to Zhongting Marsh, measuring over one hundred li in circumference. To the south: Dasheng Pass. To the west: Murong Pass. To the north: Shizuitou Pass. One post station: Putuo. Luoping Department: difficult to administer. Two hundred seventy li southeast of the prefecture. To the east: Jinji, Yunfeng, and Shulong. To the west: Tianmu and Yuetao. To the south: Wutai and Biquan. To the north: Anle and Lunan mountains. The Huangni River entered from Pu'an in Guizhou, skirted the Pingyi border, and emptied into the Kuaize River. It entered again, joined the Enqin River on the right, and passed southeast of the department. To the west: the Louge River entered from Shibao, joined the Luyi River on the right, passed north of the city to empty into it, reaching Jiangdi. The Bada River joined the western source of the Jiao River and entered Xingyi in Guizhou; the Jiulong River followed it. The Banqiao, Pianshan, Dashuijing, and Enqin garrisons. Malone Department: strategically important and difficult to administer. Fifty li southwest of the prefecture. To the west: Yangtang Mountain, also called Guansuo Ridge, with Yiguan Pass on it. Also Murong, Huagai, Longding, Luowuhou, and Zhonghe mountains. The Xiaoxiang River rose from Murong Mountain, flowed northeast and joined to form the Longtan River, then southwest as the Baimang River, and turned west into Xundian. The Xiangshui River issued from the northeast of the department, flowed east to meet Zhahai Lake waters, and entered Nanning in the east as the Baishi River. To the east: Sanchakou Pass. To the southwest: Fenshuiling Pass. One post station. Xundian Department: strategically important and busy. One hundred thirty li west of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Xundian Prefecture. In the eighth year of Kangxi it was reduced to a department and placed under it. To the east: Washan, Zhonghe Mountain, and Xiaoguansuo Ridge. To the west: Sanleng Mountain, with ninety-nine springs on the mountain. To the south: Shilong and Liangwang. To the north: Podang Mountain. Chehu Lake rose from Huajingshao Mountain, received northern mountain waters and pooled into a lake, also called Qingshui Sea, measuring several tens of li in circumference; it flowed north into Huize territory as the Xiaojiang River. Longdong, north of the department; Sanlong Spring, west of the department—both beneficial for irrigation. The Chehong River entered from Songming, also called the Xunchuan River, received the Guilong, Yudai, and Tanglang rivers and other waters, became the Ajiaohe Stream, and flowed northeast into Huize. Guoma Stream rose from Guoma Mountain, flowed south to join Huajingshao waters, and entered Songming as the Longju River. To the southeast: Mimi Pass. To the north: Bacha Pass. There was a Yigu Patrolling Office. One post station: Yilong. Pingyi: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Ninety li northeast of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Pingyi Guard. In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi the guard was abolished and incorporated into Zhanyi Department. In the thirty-fourth year it was changed to Pingyi. To the east: Mangang and Gangan mountains. To the south: Zongmeng Mountain. To the north: Mengdong Mountain. The Kuaize River entered from Zhanyi, flowed east as the Xiangshui River, then east to west of the city as the Shili River, then south received waters from Mingyuesuo in Pu'an, Guizhou, and flowed south into Luoping. To the east: Yushun Pass and Xuanwei Pass. To the north: Fenshan Pass. One post station: Duoluo. Xuanwei Department: taxing and difficult to administer. Two hundred thirty li north of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Zhanyi Department. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi the department seat was moved to Jiaoshui. In the fifth year of Yongzheng it was established from Xinhua Li of Zhanyi Department to Gaopoding. To the east: Xuanwei Ridge. To the north: Shishan, Doushan, Guangshan, Ma'an, and Zhegu. To the southeast: Muzong Mountain. The Chehong River entered from Xundian, received the Chishui and Xize rivers, and flowed north into Huize. The Kedu River entered from Weining in Guizhou, had two sources that united as the Wacha River, met the Deji and Zaowei rivers and other waters, flowed northeast into Guizhou, forming the upper course of the Beipan River. The Wanyuan Stream rose from Dongtun south of the department, flowed north, received waters from the western border of the department, and entered the Kedu River. Kedu Pass was there; the patrolling office was stationed here. One post station: Tangtang.

東川府要。隸迤東道。明，東川府，尋改隸四川。康熙三十八年，設流官。雍正四年，改隸雲南。五年，置會澤縣，治巧家汛。六年，移縣附郭。嘉慶十九年，設分防巧家同知。南距省治五百九十五里。廣五百里，袤四百二十里。北極高二十六度二十一分四十一秒。京師偏西十三度一分。領廳一，縣一。會澤要。倚。西：天馬、雲弄、納雄。北：青龍山，山有青龍洞。西南：絳雲露山，盤亙七十餘里，接祿勸界。車洪江一名牛欄江，自宣威緣界入，納沙河、小河，流逕貴州威寧，折西北入巧家。小江自尋甸入，為阿汪河，納花溝、普翅諸水，逕碧谷壩為碧谷江，北流入巧家。以禮河源出縣南野馬川，東北納麥則、夷溪諸水，環府治，歧數支，仍同流入巧家。頭道河源出縣東犀牛塘，西北流入巧家。西南：者海一巡司。巧家廳要。府北二百四十里。雍正四年置會澤縣，治此。六年移縣附郭。嘉慶十九年析會澤縣地置。東：堂琅山，水經注所謂「羊腸繩屈，八十餘里」，即此。西：鬯拙。北：大樂。東北：大涼山。西北：歸化山。西：金沙江自祿勸入，納四川會通河水，又東流，納會澤以禮河、牛欄江及境內木期古水、木期古北水，東北入魯甸。牛欄江西流，與魯甸分水，納頭道河水，併入金沙江。木期古土千戶，乾隆三十一年設，祿氏世襲。

Dongchuan Prefecture: of key importance. It was subordinate to the Yidong Circuit. In the Ming it was Dongchuan Prefecture, soon changed to be subordinate to Sichuan. In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi a regular official was appointed. In the fourth year of Yongzheng it was changed to be subordinate to Yunnan. In the fifth year Huize County was established, with the seat at Qiaojia garrison. In the sixth year the county seat was moved to the prefectural city. In the nineteenth year of Jiaqing a defense subprefect for Qiaojia was established. It lay five hundred ninety-five li south of the provincial seat. It measured five hundred li in width and four hundred twenty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-six degrees twenty-one minutes forty-one seconds. It lay thirteen degrees one minute west of the capital meridian. It administered one subprefecture and one county. Huize: of key importance. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. To the west: Tianma, Yunnong, and Naxiong. To the north: Qinglong Mountain, with Qinglong Cave on the mountain. To the southwest: Jiangyunlu Mountain, extending over seventy li and bordering Luchuan. The Chehong River, also called the Niulan River, entered from Xuanwei along the border, received the Shahe and Xiaohe rivers, flowed past Weining in Guizhou, and turned northwest into Qiaojia. The Xiaojiang River entered from Xundian as the Awang River, received Huagou and Puchi waters, passed Bigu Dam as the Bigu River, and flowed north into Qiaojia. The Yili River rose from Yemachuan south of the county, received northeast Maize and Yixi waters, encircled the prefectural seat, divided into several branches, and still flowed together into Qiaojia. The Toudao River rose from Xiniutang east of the county and flowed northwest into Qiaojia. To the southwest: one Zhehai Patrolling Office. Qiaojia Subprefecture: of key importance. Two hundred forty li north of the prefecture. In the fourth year of Yongzheng Huize County was established with its seat here. In the sixth year the county seat was moved to the prefectural city. In the nineteenth year of Jiaqing territory was split from Huize County to establish it. To the east: Tanglang Mountain—the Shui Jing Zhu's 'sheep-intestine twists and turns for over eighty li' refers to this. To the west: Changzhuo. To the north: Dale. To the northeast: Daliang Mountain. To the northwest: Guihua Mountain. To the west: the Jinsha River entered from Luchuan, received Sichuan's Huitong River waters, then flowed east, received Huize's Yili River, Niulan River, and within the territory the Muqigu and Muqigu North waters, and flowed northeast into Ludian. The Niulan River flowed west, divided waters with Ludian, received the Toudao River, and together entered the Jinsha River. The Muqigu Native Company Commander, established in the thirty-first year of Qianlong, was hereditary by the Lu clan.

眧通府：最要。明，烏蒙府。尋改隸四川。雍正五年，改隸雲南。六年，設流官，置恩安、永善兩縣，降鎮雄府為州，並屬府。九年，改今名。光緒三十四年，析永善之副官村置靖江縣，仍升鎮雄為直隸州。東南距省治九百二十里。廣五百五十里，袤六百三十里。北極高二十七度二十分。京師偏西十二度三十六分三十秒。領廳二，縣二。恩安繁，難。倚。明屬烏蒙府。雍正六年置。東：寶山、我未山。東南：朴窩。西南：博特。東北：撒途。西北：九龍山。金沙江自魯甸入，北流入永善。擦拉河自魯甸入，東北流，會普五寨水、淄泥河、八仙海水，瀦為湖。又東流入大關。大關廳最要。府北百八十里。雍正六年設大關通判。九年設府同知，駐此，移通判駐魯甸。西：犄角山。北：雞爪山、梨山。東南：雪山。南：龍聚山。灑魚河自恩安入，會大關河，北流，逕鹽井渡，會永善河，又北流為大紋溪，入四川慶符。東北：角魁河自鎮雄入，西北流，入大紋溪。西南：豆沙關。北：鹽井渡巡司。魯甸廳簡。府西南四十里。雍正九年置，移大關通判駐此。北：魯甸山，廳以此名。南：樂馬廠山、大黑山。北：大小涼山，山峰危聳。金沙江自巧家入，北流，逕廳西南入恩安。牛欄江自貴州威寧入，西北流，至廳南入金沙江。擦拉河源出大黑山，東北流，會馬鹿溝水，入恩安。灑魚河源出大涼山，東流，納居樂河水，入恩安。靖江舊為永善縣境副官村，縣丞駐此。光緒三十四年改縣隸府。北：巴布梁山，蠻酋居之，廣千里，袤二百餘里。東北：龍頭山，森林繁茂，礦產極盛。

Zhaotong Prefecture: of greatest importance. In the Ming it had been Wumeng Prefecture. It was soon changed to be subordinate to Sichuan. In the fifth year of Yongzheng it was changed to be subordinate to Yunnan. In the sixth year a regular official was appointed, En'an and Yongshan counties were established, Zhenxiong Prefecture was reduced to a department, and all were placed under the prefecture. In the ninth year it was changed to the present name. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu Fuguancun of Yongshan was split off to establish Jingjiang County, and Zhenxiong was still raised to a directly controlled department. It lay nine hundred twenty li southeast of the provincial seat. It measured five hundred fifty li in width and six hundred thirty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-seven degrees twenty minutes. It lay twelve degrees thirty-six minutes thirty seconds west of the capital meridian. It administered two subprefectures and two counties. En'an: busy and difficult to administer. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. In the Ming it had belonged to Wumeng Prefecture. It was established in the sixth year of Yongzheng. To the east: Baoshan and Wowei mountains. To the southeast: Powo. To the southwest: Bote. To the northeast: Satu. To the northwest: Jiulong Mountain. The Jinsha River entered from Ludian and flowed north into Yongshan. The Chala River entered from Ludian, flowed northeast, met Puwuzhai, Zini, and Baxianhai waters, and pooled into a lake. It then flowed east into Daguan. Daguan Subprefecture: of greatest importance. One hundred eighty li north of the prefecture. In the sixth year of Yongzheng a Daguan subprefect was established. In the ninth year a prefectural subprefect was established stationed here, and the subprefect was moved to Ludian. To the west: Jijiao Mountain. To the north: Jizhua and Lishan mountains. To the southeast: Xueshan. To the south: Longju Mountain. The Sayu River entered from En'an, met the Daguan River, flowed north, passed Yanjingdu, met the Yongshan River, then flowed north as the Dawen Stream and entered Qingfu in Sichuan. To the northeast: the Jiaokui River entered from Zhenxiong, flowed northwest, and entered the Dawen Stream. To the southwest: Dousha Pass. To the north: the Yanjingdu Patrolling Office. Ludian Subprefecture: simple. Forty li southwest of the prefecture. It was established in the ninth year of Yongzheng; the Daguan subprefect was moved here. To the north: Ludian Mountain, from which the subprefecture took its name. To the south: Lemachang and Dahei mountains. To the north: Daliang and Xiaoliang mountains, with peaks towering perilously. The Jinsha River entered from Qiaojia, flowed north, passed southwest of the subprefecture, and entered En'an. The Niulan River entered from Weining in Guizhou, flowed northwest, and at the south of the subprefecture entered the Jinsha River. The Chala River rose from Dahei Mountain, flowed northeast, met Malugou waters, and entered En'an. The Sayu River rose from Daliang Mountain, flowed east, received Jule River waters, and entered En'an. Jingjiang was formerly Fuguancun in Yongshan County; the county assistant was stationed here. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu it was changed to a county subordinate to the prefecture. To the north: Babuliang Mountain, where barbarian chieftains dwelt, measuring one thousand li in width and over two hundred li in length. To the northeast: Longtou Mountain, with dense forests and extremely rich mineral resources.

鎮雄直隸州：最要。隸迤東道。明，鎮雄府，隸四川。雍正五年，改隸雲南。六年，降為州，屬眧通府。光緒三十四年，升直隸州。廣、袤、北極偏度，闕。東：鳳翅、黃甲。西：九龍、沙吶。南：竹雞山、硌砌雄山。北：烏通山。白水江自貴州威寧入，名八匡河，會九股水、黃水河、小溪河，逕牛街西北，入四川筠連，為定川溪。角魁河亦自威寧入，為洛澤河，又西北，納龍塘、威洛河諸水，西北入大關。黑墩河西北流入四川筠連。洛甸河東流入四川永寧。苴虯河，東南流入貴州威寧。彝良，州同；威信，州判、知事駐。西北：牛街。母亨巡司一。鹽井二。

Zhenxiong Directly Controlled Department: of greatest importance. It was subordinate to the Yidong Circuit. In the Ming it had been Zhenxiong Prefecture, subordinate to Sichuan. In the fifth year of Yongzheng it was changed to be subordinate to Yunnan. In the sixth year it was reduced to a department subordinate to Zhaotong Prefecture. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu it was raised to a directly controlled department. Width, length, and northern latitude are missing. To the east: Fengchi and Huangjia. To the west: Jiulong and Shana. To the south: Zhuji and Geqixiong mountains. To the north: Wutong Mountain. The Baishui River entered from Weining in Guizhou, called the Bakuang River, met the Jiugu, Huangshui, and Xiaoxi rivers, passed northwest of Niujie, and entered Junlian in Sichuan as the Dingchuan Stream. The Jiaokui River also entered from Weining as the Luozhe River, then northwest received the Longtang and Weiluo rivers and other waters, and flowed northwest into Daguan. The Heidun River flowed northwest into Junlian in Sichuan. The Luodian River flowed east into Yongning in Sichuan. The Juchou River flowed southeast into Weining in Guizhou. Yiliang, department subprefect; Weixin, department judge and director stationed. To the northwest: Niujie. One Muheng Patrolling Office. Two salt wells.

澂江府：繁，難。隸迤東道。明，澂江府，領州二，縣三。康熙八年，省陽宗入河陽。西北距省治百二十里。廣二百三十六里，袤百七十五里。北極高二十四度四十二分。京師偏西十三度二十七分。領州二，縣二。河陽沖，繁。倚。康熙八年，省陽宗縣入焉。東：雲龍山。西：虎山。北：羅藏。東南：赦人、天馬。東北：碌碌山。明湖一名陽宗湖，周七十餘里，合錦溪、日角溪、七古泉諸水瀦為湖，北入宜良，為大成江。南：撫仙湖，一名羅伽湖，周三百餘里，東入鐵池河，東流入路南。東北：玗扎溪，一名東大河，合鏡庄、北坡二泉，西南入撫仙湖。羅藏溪、立馬溪、石澗溪、西浦泉諸水並從之。東北有東關、中關、西關。江川沖，繁。府東南九十里。東：海瀛山，一名孤山，特立撫仙湖中。北：屈顙顛山，上有泉，三派分流，西入滇池，東入撫仙湖，南入星雲湖。星雲湖納上河、中河、下河諸水，周八十餘里，東由海門入河陽，匯為撫仙湖。兩湖相通，中有界魚石。北：關索嶺關。驛一：江川。新興州繁。府南百二十里。東：連珠。西：馬拖羅山。南：玉乞山、研和東山。北：金蓮、落伽、臥牛。大溪自江川入，會香柏河、撒喇河，又西納羅麼溪、羅木箐二水，至州西北為玉溪。玉溪河自江川入，納西河、窯溝水、牟溪、黑龍潭，又西會甸苴河、良江河、清水河諸水，南入嶍峨，即曲江上流也。北；刺桐關。路南州沖，繁。城內：鹿阜山。東南：遮口山。南：紫玉、香花。西南：竹子山，峰高千仞。大池江，即鐵池河上流，自陸涼西流入，逕州北境，納小河水入宜良，復自河陽流入州西南境，繞竹子山三面，納巴盤江水為鐵池河，又南納撫仙湖諸水入寧州。東南：革泥關。驛一：和摩。

Chengjiang Prefecture: busy and difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Yidong Circuit. In the Ming it was Chengjiang Prefecture, administering two departments and three counties. In the eighth year of Kangxi Yangzong was abolished and incorporated into Heyang. It lay one hundred twenty li northwest of the provincial seat. It measured two hundred thirty-six li in width and one hundred seventy-five li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-four degrees forty-two minutes. It lay thirteen degrees twenty-seven minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered two departments and two counties. Heyang: strategically important and busy. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. In the eighth year of Kangxi Yangzong County was abolished and incorporated into it. To the east: Yunlong Mountain. To the west: Hushan. To the north: Luocang. To the southeast: Sheren and Tianma. To the northeast: Lulu Mountain. Ming Lake, also called Yangzong Lake, measuring over seventy li in circumference, received the Jinxi, Rijiao, and Qigu springs and other waters and pooled into a lake, flowing north into Yiliang as the Dacheng River. To the south: Fuxian Lake, also called Luojia Lake, measuring over three hundred li in circumference, flowed east into the Tiechi River and east into Lunan. To the northeast: Yuzha Stream, also called the East Dahe, joined the Jingzhuang and Beipo springs and flowed southwest into Fuxian Lake. The Luocang, Lima, Shijian, and Xipu springs and other waters all followed it. To the northeast were East Pass, Middle Pass, and West Pass. Jiangchuan: strategically important and busy. Ninety li southeast of the prefecture. To the east: Haiying Mountain, also called Gushan, standing alone in Fuxian Lake. To the north: Qu'andian Mountain, with a spring on it dividing into three branches—west into Dianchi, east into Fuxian Lake, and south into Xingyun Lake. Xingyun Lake received the Shanghe, Zhonghe, and Xiahe rivers and other waters, measuring over eighty li in circumference; east through Haimen it entered Heyang and gathered as Fuxian Lake. The two lakes connected; between them was the Boundary Fish Stone. To the north: Guansuo Ridge Pass. One post station: Jiangchuan. Xinxing Department: busy. One hundred twenty li south of the prefecture. To the east: Lianzhu. To the west: Matuoluo Mountain. To the south: Yuqi and Yanhe East mountains. To the north: Jinlian, Luojia, and Woniou. The Daxi River entered from Jiangchuan, met the Xiangbai and Sala rivers, then west received Luomo Stream and Luomuqing waters, reaching northwest of the department as the Yuxi River. The Yuxi River entered from Jiangchuan, received the Xihe, Yaogou, Muxi, and Heilongtan waters, then west met the Dianju, Liangjiang, and Qingshui rivers and other waters, flowed south into E'e—the upper course of the Qujiang River. To the north: Citong Pass. Lunan Department: strategically important and busy. Within the city: Lufu Mountain. To the southeast: Zhekou Mountain. To the south: Ziyu and Xianghua. To the southwest: Zhuzi Mountain, with peaks a thousand ren high. The Dachi River, the upper course of the Tiechi River, entered from the west of Luliang, passed the northern border of the department, received Xiahe waters and entered Yiliang, then reentered from Heyang into the southwest border of the department, skirted Zhuzi Mountain on three sides, received Bapan River waters as the Tiechi River, then south received Fuxian Lake waters and entered Ningzhou. To the southeast: Genni Pass. One post station: Hemo.

廣西直隸州：沖，繁，難。隸迤東道明，廣西府，領州三。康熙八年，省維摩州，改置三鄉縣。九年，省入師宗。雍正九年，設師宗州，州同駐舊維摩州之丘北。乾隆三十五年，降府為直隸州，降師宗、彌勒為縣，降丘北同知為縣丞。道光二十年，升丘北縣丞為縣。西北距省治四百里。廣六百三十里，袤三百一十里。北極高二十四度三十九分。京師偏西十二度三十八分。領縣三。東：靈龜山，下有矣邦池。南：文筆。北：騎鶴。西：阿盧山，山洞深邃，洞泉流入西溪，逕城西與東溪合，入矣邦池。池一名龍甸海，中有島，周三十餘里，又東南匯為支酺，又南，伏流入盤江。盤江一名南盤江，自彌勒入，東北流，逕五嶆，入丘北。巴甸河，一名巴盤江，一名潘江，南流入彌勒。五嶆，州判駐白馬嶆。師宗難。州北八十里。明，師宗州。乾隆三十五年改縣。東：恩容山。西：通元洞。南：塊卯。北：鎖北門山。盤江自丘北入，流逕縣西，與廣西西林縣分水，五羅河水南來注之，東北流入羅平。師宗水北流至縣東南，有水自落龍洞北流來會，又北至大河口，通元洞水南流折東來會，又北入羅平，注蛇場河。彌勒沖，繁。州西九十里。明，彌勒州。乾隆三十五年改縣。東：盤江山。西：阿欲部山。南：部籠山。北：陀峨。西南：十八寨山，山箐連屬。盤江自阿迷入，逕盤江山南，納石穴中濁水，名混水江，又東北入州界。巴甸河自州南入，為瀑布河，納赤甸泉、白馬河、山金河、阿欲泉、竹園村、龍潭諸水，西南入盤江。北：革泥關。西南：涅沼關。有竹園村一巡司。丘北要。州東南二百九十里。明，維摩州地。康熙八年改置三鄉縣。九年省，設州同駐此。乾隆三十五年改州同為縣丞。道光二十年改縣。北：革龍山。西：盤籠。南：石龍。盤江自州境入，納清水河，東北流入師宗。驛一：任城。

Guangxi Directly Controlled Department: strategically important, busy, and difficult to administer. Subordinate to the Yidong Circuit. In the Ming it had been Guangxi Prefecture, administering three departments. In the eighth year of Kangxi Weimo Department was abolished and Sanxiang County was established. In the ninth year it was abolished and incorporated into Shizong. In the ninth year of Yongzheng Shizong Department was established, with the department subprefect stationed at Qiubei in the former Weimo Department. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong the prefecture was reduced to a directly controlled department, Shizong and Mile were reduced to counties, and the Qiubei subprefect was reduced to a county assistant. In the twentieth year of Daoguang the Qiubei county assistant was raised to a county. It lay four hundred li northwest of the provincial seat. It measured six hundred thirty li in width and three hundred ten li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-four degrees thirty-nine minutes. It lay twelve degrees thirty-eight minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered three counties. To the east: Linggui Mountain, with Yibang Pool below. To the south: Wenbi. To the north: Qihe. To the west: Alu Mountain, with deep caverns; cave springs flowed into the West Stream, passed west of the city and joined the East Stream, and entered Yibang Pool. The pool, also called Longdian Sea, had an island within it, measuring over thirty li in circumference; it then gathered southeast as Zhipu, then south, and subterraneously flowed into the Pan River. The Pan River, also called the Nanpan River, entered from Mile, flowed northeast, passed Wucao, and entered Qiubei. The Badian River, also called the Bapan River and Panjiang, flowed south into Mile. Wucao, department judge stationed at Baima Cao. Shizong: difficult to administer. Eighty li north of the department. In the Ming it had been Shizong Department. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to a county. To the east: Enrong Mountain. To the west: Tongyuan Cave. To the south: Kuaimao. To the north: Suobeimen Mountain. The Pan River entered from Qiubei, flowed past the west of the county, divided waters with Xilin County in Guangxi, received the Wuluo River flowing from the south, and flowed northeast into Luoping. The Shizong River flowed north to the southeast of the county, where waters from Luolong Cave flowing north joined it; then north to Dahekou, where Tongyuan Cave waters flowing south turned east to join it; then north into Luoping and emptied into Shechang River. Mile: strategically important and busy. Ninety li west of the department. In the Ming it had been Mile Department. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to a county. To the east: Panjiang Mountain. To the west: Ayubu Mountain. To the south: Bulong Mountain. To the north: Tuo'e. To the southwest: Shibazhai Mountain, with connected mountain ravines. The Pan River entered from Ami, passed south of Panjiang Mountain, received muddy water from a stone cave called the Hunshui River, and flowed northeast into the department border. The Badian River entered from the south of the department as the Pubu River, received Chidian Spring, Baima, Shanjin, Ayu, Zhuyuan, and Longtan waters, and flowed southwest into the Pan River. To the north: Genni Pass. To the southwest: Niezhao Pass. There was one Zhuyuan Village Patrolling Office. Qiubei: of key importance. Two hundred ninety li southeast of the department. In the Ming it had been Weimo Department territory. In the eighth year of Kangxi Sanxiang County was established. In the ninth year it was abolished and a department subprefect was stationed here. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong the department subprefect was changed to a county assistant. In the twentieth year of Daoguang it was changed to a county. To the north: Gelong Mountain. To the west: Panlong. To the south: Shilong. The Pan River entered from the department territory, received the Qingshui River, and flowed northeast into Shizong. One post station: Rencheng.

臨安府：繁，疲，難。隸臨安開廣道。明，臨安府，領州五，縣五。康熙五年，省新化入新平。雍正十年，改新平屬元江。乾隆三十五年，降建水為縣。北距省治四百三十里。廣五百七十里，袤四百八十里。北極高二十三度四十分。京師偏西十三度二十三分。領州三，縣五。建水疲，難。倚。明，建水州。乾隆三十五年改縣。東：石岩山，一名蒙山，山有水雲、南明、萬象三洞。西：馬鞍山。南：煥文山、五老峰。北：回龍山、晴山。東南：矣和波山。西南有猛屏、曲通山。瀘江自石屏入，納黃龍潭、白沙江、象沖河、塌沖河水，伏流閻洞中，東出為樂蒙河，入阿迷。禮社江自石屏入，逕虧容土司境，東南入蒙自。曲江自通海入，納狗街汛、羚羊河水，西入蒙自。黑江自思茅緣界納茨通壩、猛蚌諸水，南流入交趾。臨元鎮總兵駐此。猛丁縣，西南百六十里。光緒十六年，改土歸流，設府經歷。北：曲江巡司一。南：納更土巡司一。西南：納樓有中場、鵝黃、摩訶三礦。長官司一，光緒九年裁。西南：虧容長官司一，阿氏世襲。西北：大關。東北：箐口關。驛一：曲江。石屏州難。府西八十里。南：石屏山，州以此得名。又南：鍾秀。東：迥龍山。北：集英、乾陽。西南：左能、思陀。東南：五爪山。瀘江源出州西寶秀湖，周三十里，夾城東流，匯為異龍湖，周百五十里，中有三島。東流入建水為瀘江，即盤江最遠之一源也。北河納白花霙、昌明諸水，西流過龜樞，奔洪為龜樞河，折南流，為三百八渡河，有州南南河納五塘、彌勒溝諸水，西流來會，又南入禮社江。禮社江自元江流入西南土司境。清水河、南鼎河諸水東南流入建水。西：寶秀關，巡司一，乾隆二十年裁。西南：落恐長官司一，土官陳姓世襲。西南：左能長官司一，土官吳氏世襲。思陀長官司一，土司李氏世襲。南：瓦渣、溪處土官各一，康熙四年省，尋復置。驛一：寶秀。阿迷州沖，繁。府東南百二十里。東：東山、水城山，周圍渚澤。西：日沖、漾田。南：南洞山。東南：雷公。西南：萬象洞山。北：火山，東北有火井。樂榮河即瀘江，自萬象洞伏流，東出，繞漾田山麓，至燕子洞又伏流，東出，納東山水，折東北入盤江。盤江自寧州入，南流，至州東北會瀘江水，入彌勒。清水河自蒙自入，至水泉山入樂榮河。白期河出祿豐鄉，東南流，入文山。東：東山關。西：阿寶關。寧州沖，繁。府東北二百五十里。東：陽暮山。西：丹鳳山。南：雙獅山。北：華蓋山。東南：登樓山，山頂有池，方百步。婆兮江，即鐵池河，自建水入，會於婆兮甸，又東南會曲江。曲江自通海入，納瓜水，東流入阿迷，為盤江。撫仙湖、星雲湖俱北與河陽分界。杞麓湖西南與通海分界。西北：甸苴關。通海難。府東北百五十里。東：東華。西：西華。南：秀山，一名螺峰。北：梅山。西南：黃龍。東北：靈寶。曲江自河西入，納東山、龍泉、六村河諸水，東入寧州。杞麓湖一名通海，周百五十里，白馬溝、秀山溝、黃龍山諸水皆入焉，與河西湖中分界，與寧州湖邊分界。東：寧海關。南：建通關。驛一：通海。河西簡。府西北百八十里。東：碌溪山。西：普應、佛光、仙人洞山。南：茶山、九街子。北：琉璃山、夾雄山、碧山、黃草壩山。曲江上流為合流江，自嶍峨入，亦曰碌碌河，逕縣西，納舍郎河水，東入通海，為曲江。杞麓湖源出碌溪山，凡跨三邑，周百五十里，北：曲陀關。嶍峨難。府西北二百六十里。東：登雲山。西：老魯關、五鳳。西北：勝郎。東北：嶍山，其後峨山，縣以此得名。曲江自新興入，亦曰猊江，逕縣北會練江。練江源出勝郎山，流逕石屏，名龍車河，東北會於猊江，為合流江，入河西。丁癸江自易門入，西南至新平入禮社江，即元江上流也。西北：伽羅關。西：老魯關、興衣關。蒙自繁，難。府東南百五十里。東：大小雲龍山。西：目則山，即蒙自山，縣以是名。南：天馬山。東南：屏風。西南：麒麟。禮社江自建水入，為梨花江，納蠻迷渡、蠻提渡、箇舊廠諸水，又東至蠻板渡，納稿吾卡水，又東南至蠻耗汛，入文山。東北：長橋海，源出縣西大屯壩，曰矣波海，南流逕新安所，有法果泉、學海逕縣南來會，下流合白期河，為三岔河，又南流，與紅河會於河口，為中、法通商要口。新安所在城西南十五里。南：蓮花灘，入越南大道。光緒間開埠通商，設臨安開廣道，有稅關，移臨元鎮總兵同駐此。東南：石馬腳關。西：菁江關。西南：楊柳口關、大窩關。南有打巫白箐，又南至江滸，地名矣吝母，渡江為勒古簿地，路通交趾。光緒間設府同知，駐箇舊。

Lin'an Prefecture: busy, taxing, and difficult to administer. It was subordinate to the Lin'an Kaiguang Circuit. In the Ming it was Lin'an Prefecture, administering five departments and five counties. In the fifth year of Kangxi Xinhua was abolished and incorporated into Xinping. In the tenth year of Yongzheng Xinping was changed to belong to Yuanjiang. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong Jianshui was reduced to a county. It lay four hundred thirty li north of the provincial seat. It measured five hundred seventy li in width and four hundred eighty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-three degrees forty minutes. It lay thirteen degrees twenty-three minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered three departments and five counties. Jianshui: taxing and difficult to administer. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Jianshui Department. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to a county. To the east: Shiyan Mountain, also called Mengshan, with Shuiyun, Nanming, and Wanxiang caves on the mountain. To the west: Ma'an Mountain. To the south: Huanwen and Wulaofeng mountains. To the north: Huilong and Qingshan mountains. To the southeast: Yihebo Mountain. To the southwest were Mengping and Qutong mountains. The Lujiang River entered from Shiping, received Huanglongtan, Baishajiang, Xiangchong, and Tacong rivers, subterraneously flowed through Yandong Cave, emerged east as the Lemeng River, and entered Ami. The Lishi River entered from Shiping, passed through Kuiyong Native Chieftain territory, and flowed southeast into Mengzi. The Qujiang River entered from Tonghai, received Goujie garrison and Lingyang River waters, and flowed west into Mengzi. The Hei River from Simao skirted the border receiving Citongba and Mengbang waters, and flowed south into Annam. The Linyuan garrison commander-general was stationed here. Mengding County, one hundred sixty li southwest. In the sixteenth year of Guangxu the native territory was changed to regular administration and a prefectural assistant administrator was established. To the north: one Qujiang Patrolling Office. To the south: one Nageng Native Patrolling Office. To the southwest: Nalou had the Zhongchang, Ehuang, and Mohe three mines. One chieftain office, abolished in the ninth year of Guangxu. To the southwest: one Kuiyong Chieftain Office, hereditary by the A clan. To the northwest: Daguan. To the northeast: Qingkou Pass. One post station: Qujiang. Shiping Department: difficult to administer. Eighty li west of the prefecture. To the south: Shiping Mountain, from which the department took its name. Also to the south: Zhongxiu. To the east: Jionglong Mountain. To the north: Jiying and Qianyang. To the southwest: Zuoneng and Sitou. To the southeast: Wuzhua Mountain. The Lujiang River rose from Baoxiu Lake west of the department, measuring thirty li in circumference, flowed east flanking the city, and gathered as Yilong Lake, measuring one hundred fifty li in circumference with three islands within it. It flowed east into Jianshui as the Lujiang River—the farthest source of the Pan River. The North River received Baihuaying, Changming, and other waters, flowed west past Guijiu, rushed as the Guijiu River, turned south as the Sanbaiba River; the South River south of the department received Wutang and Milegou waters and flowed west to join it, then south into the Lishi River. The Lishi River entered from Yuanjiang into the southwest native chieftain territory. The Qingshui, Nanding rivers and other waters flowed southeast into Jianshui. To the west: Baoxiu Pass, one patrolling office, abolished in the twentieth year of Qianlong. To the southwest: one Luokong Chieftain Office, hereditary by the native official surnamed Chen. To the southwest: one Zuoneng Chieftain Office, hereditary by the native official surnamed Wu. One Sitou Chieftain Office, hereditary by the native chieftain surnamed Li. To the south: one each of Wazha and Xichu native officials, abolished in the fourth year of Kangxi, soon reestablished. One post station: Baoxiu. Ami Department: strategically important and busy. One hundred twenty li southeast of the prefecture. To the east: Dongshan and Shuicheng Mountain, surrounded by marshes. To the west: Richong and Yangtian. To the south: Nandong Mountain. To the southeast: Leigong. To the southwest: Wanxiangdong Mountain. To the north: Huoshan, with a fire well to the northeast. The Lerong River was the Lujiang River, subterraneously flowing from Wanxiang Cave, emerging east, skirting Yangtian Mountain, subterraneously flowing again at Yanzidong and emerging east, receiving Dongshan waters, and turning northeast into the Pan River. The Pan River entered from Ningzhou, flowed south, and at the northeast of the department met Lujiang waters and entered Mile. The Qingshui River entered from Mengzi, and at Shuiquan Mountain entered the Lerong River. The Baiqi River issued from Lufeng Township, flowed southeast, and entered Wenshan. To the east: Dongshan Pass. To the west: Abao Pass. Ningzhou: strategically important and busy. Two hundred fifty li northeast of the prefecture. To the east: Yangmu Mountain. To the west: Danfeng Mountain. To the south: Shuangshi Mountain. To the north: Huagai Mountain. To the southeast: Denglou Mountain, with a pool on the summit measuring one hundred paces square. The Poxi River, that is the Tiechi River, entered from Jianshui, met at Poxi Marsh, then southeast met the Qujiang River. The Qujiang River entered from Tonghai, received Guashui, and flowed east into Ami as the Pan River. Fuxian Lake and Xingyun Lake both bordered Heyang to the north. Qilu Lake bordered Tonghai to the southwest. To the northwest: Dianju Pass. Tonghai: difficult to administer. One hundred fifty li northeast of the prefecture. To the east: Donghua. To the west: Xihua. To the south: Xiushan, also called Luofeng. To the north: Meishan. To the southwest: Huanglong. To the northeast: Lingbao. The Qujiang River entered from Hexi, received the Dongshan, Longquan, and Liucun rivers and other waters, and flowed east into Ningzhou. Qilu Lake, also called Tonghai, measuring one hundred fifty li in circumference; the Baima, Xiushan, and Huanglong mountain streams all entered it, dividing in the lake with Hexi and on the shore with Ningzhou. To the east: Nianghai Pass. To the south: Jiantong Pass. One post station: Tonghai. Hexi: simple. One hundred eighty li northwest of the prefecture. To the east: Luxi Mountain. To the west: Puying, Foguang, and Xianrendong mountains. To the south: Chashan and Jiujiezi. To the north: Liuli, Jiaxiong, Bishan, and Huangcaoba mountains. The upper course of the Qujiang River was the Heliu River, entering from E'e, also called the Lulu River, passing west of the county, receiving Shelang River waters, and flowing east into Tonghai as the Qujiang River. Qilu Lake rose from Luxi Mountain, spanning three districts, measuring one hundred fifty li in circumference. To the north: Qutuo Pass. E'e: difficult to administer. Two hundred sixty li northwest of the prefecture. To the east: Dengyun Mountain. To the west: Laoluguan and Wufeng. To the northwest: Shengliang. To the northeast: E Mountain, behind it E Mountain—from which the county took its name. The Qujiang River entered from Xinxing, also called the Ni River, passed north of the county and met the Lian River. The Lian River rose from Shengliang Mountain, flowed past Shiping as the Longche River, northeast joined the Ni River as the Heliu River, and entered Hexi. The Dinggui River entered from Yimen, southwest to Xinping entered the Lishi River—the upper course of the Yuanjiang River. To the northwest: Jialuo Pass. To the west: Laoluguan and Xingyi Pass. Mengzi: busy and difficult to administer. One hundred fifty li southeast of the prefecture. To the east: large and small Yunlong mountains. To the west: Muze Mountain, that is Mengzi Mountain, from which the county took its name. To the south: Tianma Mountain. To the southeast: Pingfeng. To the southwest: Qilin. The Lishi River entered from Jianshui as the Lihua River, received Manmidu, Mantidu, Gejiu Mine and other waters, then east to Manbandu received Gaowuka waters, then southeast to Manhao garrison and entered Wenshan. To the northeast: Changqiao Sea, rising from Datun Dam west of the county called Yibohai, flowing south past Xinan Guard, where Fagu Spring and Xuehai passed south of the county to join, the lower course joining the Baiqi River as the Sancha River, flowing south to meet the Red River at Hekou—the key Sino-French trading port. Xinan Guard lay fifteen li southwest of the city. To the south: Lianhua Beach, the road into Vietnam. During Guangxu the port was opened for trade, the Lin'an Kaiguang Circuit was established, a customs office was set up, and the Linyuan garrison commander-general was moved to be stationed here together. To the southeast: Shimajiao Pass. To the west: Qingjiang Pass. To the southwest: Yangliukou Pass and Dawo Pass. To the south was Dawu Baiqing, and farther south to Jianghu, place name Yilinmu; crossing the river was Legu territory, the road connecting to Annam. During Guangxu a prefectural subprefect was established, stationed at Gejiu.

廣南府：要。隸臨安開廣道。明，廣南府。順治十八年，改流官。康熙八年，省廣西府之維摩州，以其地來隸。乾隆元年，設寶寧縣為府治。西北距省治八百五十里。廣七百二十里，袤四百三十里。北極高二十四度十四分。京師偏西十一度二十二分。領縣一，州一。寶寧要。倚。乾隆元年置。東：零雨山。南：麻卯、僻令。東南：寶月關山。西北：速部、板郎、木主三山，山各一泉，為西洋江源，東南流入富州。馬別河自文山入，納者種河諸水，北入師宗。普梅河自文山入，為藤條江，東南入交趾。西北有寶寧溪，縣以此得名。東：寶月關。南：普廳塘，府經歷駐。土富州府東南二百六十里。土同知儂氏世襲。光緒間設通判。城內：翠嶺。西：袪丕山。西北：花架、玉泉。西北：西安山，山洞深邃。西洋江自寶寧入，折東北，錯入廣西西林界，右合剝江，左郎河水，仍入廣西百色廳。西南：普梅河，自文山入，為木奔江，入越南，左賴河從之。東：剝隘鎮。

Guangnan Prefecture: of key importance. It was subordinate to the Lin'an Kaiguang Circuit. In the Ming it had been Guangnan Prefecture. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi it was changed to regular administration. In the eighth year of Kangxi Weimo Department of Guangxi Prefecture was abolished and its territory was placed under it. In the first year of Qianlong Baoning County was established as the prefectural seat. It lay eight hundred fifty li northwest of the provincial seat. It measured seven hundred twenty li in width and four hundred thirty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-four degrees fourteen minutes. It lay eleven degrees twenty-two minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered one county and one department. Baoning: of key importance. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. It was established in the first year of Qianlong. To the east: Lingyu Mountain. To the south: Mamiao and Piling. To the southeast: Baoyueguan Mountain. To the northwest: Subu, Banlang, and Muzhu mountains—each mountain had one spring, the source of the Xiyang River, flowing southeast into Fuzhou. The Mabie River entered from Wenshan, received the Zhezhong rivers and other waters, and flowed north into Shizong. The Pumei River entered from Wenshan as the Tengtiao River and flowed southeast into Annam. To the northwest was Baoning Stream, from which the county took its name. To the east: Baoyue Pass. To the south: Puting Pond, where the prefectural assistant administrator was stationed. Tufu Department lay two hundred sixty li southeast of the prefecture. The department subprefect surnamed Nong held a hereditary post. During Guangxu a subprefect was established. Within the city: Cuiling. To the west: Qipi Mountain. To the northwest: Huajia and Yuquan. To the northwest: Xi'an Mountain, with deep caverns. The Xiyang River entered from Baoning, turned northeast, mistakenly entered Xilin territory in Guangxi, joined the Bo River on the right and the Langhe River on the left, and reentered Baise Subprefecture in Guangxi. To the southwest: the Pumei River entered from Wenshan as the Muben River, entered Vietnam, and the Zuolai River followed it. To the east: Bo'ai Garrison.

開化府：最要。隸臨安開廣道。總兵駐。明，教化、王弄、安南三長官司，屬臨安府。康熙六年，改流設府。八年，省廣西府維摩州，分其地來隸。雍正六年，命侍郎杭奕祿、學士任蘭枝賜交阯鉛廠河內地四十里，以馬白賭呪河下流為界。八年，置文山縣為府治。嘉慶二十五年，改馬白關同知為安平廳，仍屬府。西北距省治七百五十里。廣一千一百四十五里，袤四百二十五里。北極高二十三度二十一分。京師偏西十二度九分。領廳一，縣一。文山要。倚。雍正八年省通判經歷置。東：東文山，縣以此得名。西：秀石、蓑衣。北：鳳虎山。西南：西華山，層巒疊嶂，連絡如屏，橫列三十六峰。教化廢長官司治在焉。西南：紅河，即禮社江下流，自蒙自入，左新現河、右龍膊河注之，東南流入安平。白期河，一名三岔河，自蒙自流入，有那木果河注之，南流入安平界。開化大河源出縣西白龍潭，北流，匯六十五潭水，至烏期石洞出，為烏期河，折東南流，為盤龍河，伏流，至府東北復出，經府東，折而南，至天生橋汛，伏流出安平。北馬別河，東普梅河，併入寶寧。南：洪衣關、大窩關。縣丞駐江那。安平廳要。府南百三十里。明，安南長官司地，屬臨安府。康熙四年，長官司王朔作亂，討平之。六年，改屬府。嘉慶二十五年改廳，並析文山縣之東安、逢春、永平三里地屬之，仍附郭。道光三年移今治。西：天洞山，頂有石洞，瀑布飛流。西南：阿得山，綿亙無際。紅河自文山入，西南至河口汛，與白期水會。白期河自文山入，納吉林箐諸水，與紅河會，入交阯。盤龍河自文山入，南流至交阯城汛，有牛羊河來會，又東南，納左右數小水，入交阯。普梅河自寶寧入，一名那樓江，仍南流入寶寧。攀枝花河，廳西，下流為壩不河。南：馬白河、歸仁里二小水，均西南流入盤龍河。南：馬白關。

Kaifu Prefecture: of greatest importance. It was subordinate to the Lin'an Kaiguang Circuit. The commander-general was stationed here. In the Ming the Jiaohua, Wangnong, and Annan chieftain offices had belonged to Lin'an Prefecture. In the sixth year of Kangxi it was changed to regular administration and the prefecture was established. In the eighth year Weimo Department of Guangxi Prefecture was abolished and its territory was divided and placed under it. In the sixth year of Yongzheng Vice-Minister Hang Yilu and Academician Ren Lanzhi were ordered to grant forty li of territory within Hanoi, Annam, at the lead mine, with the lower course of the Mazhu River at Mabai as boundary. In the eighth year Wenshan County was established as the prefectural seat. In the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing the Mabai Pass subprefect was changed to Anping Subprefecture, still subordinate to the prefecture. It lay seven hundred fifty li northwest of the provincial seat. It measured one thousand one hundred forty-five li in width and four hundred twenty-five li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-three degrees twenty-one minutes. It lay twelve degrees nine minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered one subprefecture and one county. Wenshan: of key importance. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. It was established in the eighth year of Yongzheng by abolishing the subprefect and assistant administrator. To the east: East Wenshan, from which the county took its name. To the west: Xiushi and Suoyi. To the north: Fenghu Mountain. To the southwest: Xihua Mountain, with layered peaks and ridges connected like a screen, spanning thirty-six peaks in a row. The seat of the abolished Jiaohua Chieftain Office was there. To the southwest: the Red River, the lower course of the Lishi River, entered from Mengzi, received the Xinxian River on the left and the Longbei River on the right, and flowed southeast into Anping. The Baiqi River, also called the Sancha River, entered from Mengzi, received the Namuguo River, and flowed south into Anping territory. The Kaifu Dahe rose from Bailongtan west of the county, flowed north, gathered sixty-five pool waters, emerged at Wuqi Stone Cave as the Wuqi River, turned southeast as the Panlong River, subterraneously flowed, reemerged northeast of the prefecture, passed east of the prefecture, turned south to Tianshengqiao garrison, and subterraneously flowed out into Anping. To the north the Mabie River and to the east the Pumei River both entered Baoning. To the south: Hongyi Pass and Dawo Pass. The county assistant was stationed at Jiangna. Anping Subprefecture: of key importance. One hundred thirty li south of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Annan Chieftain Office territory, belonging to Lin'an Prefecture. In the fourth year of Kangxi the chieftain Wang Shuo rebelled and was suppressed. In the sixth year it was changed to belong to the prefecture. In the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing it was changed to a subprefecture, and the Dong'an, Fengchun, and Yongping three li of Wenshan County were split off to belong to it, still attached to the prefectural city. In the third year of Daoguang the seat was moved to the present location. To the west: Tiandong Mountain, with a stone cave on the summit and a waterfall cascading down. To the southwest: Ade Mountain, extending without limit. The Red River entered from Wenshan, southwest to Hekou garrison, and met Baiqi waters. The Baiqi River entered from Wenshan, received Jilinqing waters, met the Red River, and entered Annam. The Panlong River entered from Wenshan, flowed south to Jiaozhicheng garrison, received the Niuyang River, then southeast received several small waters on left and right, and entered Annam. The Pumei River entered from Baoning, also called the Nalou River, still flowed south into Baoning. The Panzhihua River, west of the subprefecture, had its lower course as the Babu River. To the south: the Mabai and Guirenli two small streams, both flowing southwest into the Panlong River. To the south: Mabai Pass.

鎮沅直隸廳：最要。隸迤南道。明，鎮沅府。雍正五年，設流官，並改者樂甸長官司為恩樂縣來隸。乾隆三十五年，降直隸州。道光二十年升廳，省恩樂入焉。東北距省治九百一十里。廣三百四十里，袤二百九十里。北極高二十三度四十九分。京師偏西十五度二十一分。東：雲龍、石花。西：案板。南：馬容。東南：波弄。東北：哀牢山。東：魯馬河，自景東入，逕新平，復流入境，又南流人他郎，為阿墨江。東北：景來河自景東入，納蠻崗、阿薩、大弄、凹必諸水，東南入他郎，為把邊江。樹根河，亦名蠻況河，南流折西，猛統河自景東來會，為杉木江，又西南入威遠。東南：猛賴河，合欄馬河，南流入威遠。東北：恩樂故城，府經歷駐。新撫巡司，雍正十三年設，駐新撫。鹽井二：東南曰波弄，東北曰案板。雍正三年設鹽大使駐此。東北：舊祿谷寨長官司。

Zhenyuan Directly Controlled Subprefecture: of greatest importance. It was subordinate to the Yinan Circuit. In the Ming it had been Zhenyuan Prefecture. In the fifth year of Yongzheng a regular official was appointed, and the Zheledian Chieftain Office was changed to Enle County and placed under it. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was reduced to a directly controlled department. In the twentieth year of Daoguang it was raised to a subprefecture and Enle was abolished and incorporated into it. It lay nine hundred ten li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured three hundred forty li in width and two hundred ninety li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-three degrees forty-nine minutes. It lay fifteen degrees twenty-one minutes west of the capital meridian. To the east: Yunlong and Shihua. To the west: Anban. To the south: Marong. To the southeast: Bolong. To the northeast: Ailao Mountain. To the east: the Luma River entered from Jingdong, passed Xinping, reentered the territory, then flowed south into Talang as the Amo River. To the northeast: the Jinglai River entered from Jingdong, received Mangang, Asa, Danong, and Aobi waters, and flowed southeast into Talang as the Babian River. The Shugen River, also called the Mankuang River, flowed south then turned west; the Mengtong River from Jingdong joined it as the Shanmu River, then southwest into Weiyuan. To the southeast: the Menglai River joined the Lanma River and flowed south into Weiyuan. To the northeast: Enle old city, where the prefectural assistant administrator was stationed. The Xinfu Patrolling Office, established in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, was stationed at Xinfu. Two salt wells: southeast called Bolong, northeast called Anban. In the third year of Yongzheng a salt intendant was established stationed here. To the northeast: the former Lugu Stockade Chieftain Office.

鎮邊直隸廳：最要。隸迤南道。明始置猛甸長官司。乾隆十二年，設緬寧廳，今廳境隸之。光緒十三年，析裸黑土司地上改心為猛猛土巡檢轄境，下改心為孟連宣撫司轄境。以小黑江為界。置廳，以猛朗壩為廳治。西南距省治一千八百二十里。廣四百九十里，袤一千零四十里。北極偏度闕。南：東崗。北；仙人、習遠。東南：儒岡。西南：西監、佧佤。西北：多衣嶺、老炭山。西北：小黑江，即辣蒜江，源出耿馬、孟定兩土司境。納仙人山水、南猛河水，東流入瀾滄江。瀾滄江自緬寧入，合蠻怕河、南底河，東南流入思茅。黑河，一名札糯江，自廳北流，經大雅口東入瀾滄江。乾河自廳西磨刀廠東流，經小寨，納南木河水，入思茅。南：西河，一名金河。廳西南有南康河，合落水洞、合英河、龍塘諸水，南流來會，入蟒冷。上改心廳東，下改心廳北，光緒十三年設二巡司分駐之。廳西境有佧佤、蟒冷諸夷。

Zhenbian Directly Controlled Subprefecture: of greatest importance. It was subordinate to the Yinan Circuit. In the Ming the Mengdian Chieftain Office was first established. In the twelfth year of Qianlong Mianning Subprefecture was established; the present subprefecture territory was subordinate to it. In the thirteenth year of Guangxu the upper Gaixin of the Luohhei Native Chieftain territory was changed to Mengmeng Native Patrolling Inspector jurisdiction, and the lower Gaixin to Menglian Pacification Commissioner jurisdiction. With the Xiaoheijiang River as boundary. The subprefecture was established with Menglang Dam as the seat. It lay one thousand eight hundred twenty li southwest of the provincial seat. It measured four hundred ninety li in width and one thousand forty li in length. Northern latitude is missing. To the south: Donggang. To the north: Xianren and Xiyuan. To the southeast: Rugang. To the southwest: Xijian and Kawa. To the northwest: Duoyi Ridge and Laotan Mountain. To the northwest: the Xiaoheijiang River, that is the Lasuan River, rising from Gengma and Mengding native chieftain territories. It received Xianren Mountain waters and Nanmeng River waters, and flowed east into the Lancang River. The Lancang River entered from Mianning, joined the Manpa and Nandi rivers, and flowed southeast into Simao. The Hei River, also called the Zhanuo River, flowed north from the subprefecture, passed east of Dayakou, and entered the Lancang River. The Gan River flowed east from Modaochang west of the subprefecture, passed Xiaozhai, received Nanmu River waters, and entered Simao. To the south: the Xi River, also called the Jin River. Southwest of the subprefecture was the Nankang River, joining Luoshuidong, Heying, and Longtang waters, flowing south to join it and enter Mangleng. Upper Gaixin east of the subprefecture, lower Gaixin north of the subprefecture—in the thirteenth year of Guangxu two patrolling offices were established with separate stations. Within the western border of the subprefecture were the Kawa, Mangleng, and other tribes.

元江直隸州：最要。隸迤南道。明，元江府。領州二。順治六年，設流官。十八年，省恭順、奉化二州入之。雍正十年，以臨安府新平縣來隸。乾隆三十五年，降直隸州。東北距省治五百二十里。廣三百里，袤二千一百里。北極高二十三度三十六分。京師偏西十四度十九分。領縣一。轄土職五。儒林里轅門，復設轅門千總三。永豐里、茄革把總二。東：玉台山，一名羅槃山，凡二十五峰。西：瓦納。西北：九龍。西南：寶山，一名銀礦山。元江即禮社江，自新平入，納漫★河、甘庄河、南淇河諸水，逕城東，南流，會清水河、南河、矣落河諸水，入石屏。李仙江自他郎入，納布固江、薩普江，名三江口，入建水，為藤條江。龜樞河自新平入，納廠溝、大小哨諸水，東南入石屏，名三百八渡，入禮社江。南：猛甸關。北：青龍關。西南：界牌關。西北：瓦阨關、定南關、杉木關。巡司一，駐因遠。新平難。州北二百里。明屬臨安府。雍正十年來隸。東：馬鹿塘山。西：哀牢山；高百數十里，廣八百里，滇南最高山也。北：硿硿山。硿硿山北有諸龍山與馬籠，皆蠻酋結寨處。南：南峒山，山七十二峒，巡司駐。西北：元江，有二源，一曰禮社江，一曰麻哈江，自嶍峨入，其上流為星宿江，名三岔河。逕哀牢山麓，納化龍河、賓橘河、了味河、馬龍河諸水，南入州界為元江。龜樞河即嶍峨，流入之。臘猛，納縣東北境羊毛沖、牛毛沖諸水，南逕魯魁山北，納亞泥河、清水河、三他拉河、窯房、得勒諸箐水，南流經大開門，為大開河，又東南流，納石屏之北河水，折西，經魯魁山南，納藤子箐諸水，入州東界。巡司一，駐楊武壩。

Yuanjiang Directly Controlled Department: of greatest importance. It was subordinate to the Yinan Circuit. In the Ming it had been Yuanjiang Prefecture. It administered two departments. In the sixth year of Shunzhi a regular official was appointed. In the eighteenth year Gongshun and Fenghua departments were abolished and incorporated into it. In the tenth year of Yongzheng Xinping County of Lin'an Prefecture was placed under it. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was reduced to a directly controlled department. It lay five hundred twenty li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured three hundred li in width and two thousand one hundred li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-three degrees thirty-six minutes. It lay fourteen degrees nineteen minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered one county. It governed five native posts. Rulin Li yamen gate, with three yamen company commanders reestablished. Yongfeng Li and Qiege, two platoon leaders. To the east: Yutai Mountain, also called Luopan Mountain, with twenty-five peaks in all. To the west: Wana. To the northwest: Jiulong. To the southwest: Baoshan, also called Yinkuang Mountain. The Yuanjiang was the Lishi River, entering from Xinping, receiving the Man★, Ganzhuang, and Nanqi rivers and other waters, passing east of the city, flowing south, meeting the Qingshui, Nanhe, and Yiluo rivers and other waters, and entering Shiping. The Lixian River entered from Talang, received the Bugu and Sapu rivers, called Sanjiangkou, entered Jianshui as the Tengtiao River. The Guijiu River entered from Xinping, received Changgou and large and small sentry waters, flowed southeast into Shiping as the Sanbaiba Crossing, and entered the Lishi River. To the south: Mengdian Pass. To the north: Qinglong Pass. To the southwest: Jiepai Pass. To the northwest: Wa'e Pass, Dingnan Pass, and Shanmu Pass. One patrolling office, stationed at Yuanyuan. Xinping: difficult to administer. Two hundred li north of the department. In the Ming it had belonged to Lin'an Prefecture. In the tenth year of Yongzheng it was placed under it. To the east: Malutang Mountain. To the west: Ailao Mountain; over one hundred li high and eight hundred li wide—the highest mountain in southern Yunnan. To the north: Kongkong Mountain. North of Kongkong Mountain were Zhulong and Malong mountains, all places where barbarian chieftains established stockades. To the south: Nandong Mountain, with seventy-two ravines on the mountain; the patrolling office was stationed. To the northwest: the Yuanjiang had two sources—one was the Lishi River, one was the Maha River—entering from E'e; its upper course was the Xingsu River, called the Sancha River. It skirted Ailao Mountain, received the Hualong, Binju, Liaowei, and Malong rivers and other waters, and flowed south into the department border as the Yuanjiang. The Guijiu River was E'e flowing into it. Lameng received Yangmaochong and Niumaochong waters from the northeast border of the county, flowed south past north of Lukui Mountain, received Yanhe, Qingshui, Santala, Yaofang, and Dele ravine waters, flowed south past Dakaimen as the Dakai River, then southeast received Shiping's North River waters, turned west, passed south of Lukui Mountain, received Tengziqing waters, and entered the eastern border of the department. One patrolling office, stationed at Yangwu Dam.

普洱府：最要。迤南道治所。普洱總兵駐。明，車裡宣慰司，屬元江府。土官那氏世襲。雍正七年，置普洱府。東北距省治一千二百三十里。廣一千七百九十里，袤一千二百四十里。北極高二十三度一分。京師偏西十五度十二分。領廳三，縣一，宣慰司一。寧洱要。倚。明，車裡宣慰司地。順治十六年編隸元江府。康熙三年調元江府通判分防普洱。其車裡十二版仍屬司。雍正七年裁通判，以所屬普洱等處六大茶山及橄欖壩江內六版地置府。乾隆元年裁攸樂通判，置縣附郭。東：錦袍山，一名光山。西：太乙。南：雙星。北：觀音、玉屏。東南：班鳩坡，高出群峰，行途艱危。把邊江自他郎入，納磨黑、慢岡二河水，東南仍入他郎。猛賴河自威遠入，西南流入思茅。普洱河一名三岔河，合金龍河水，南流至縣南，合東河水，又南會南蘊河，入思茅。補遠江，源出縣東南，納整董河水，會大開河，東南入思茅。府經歷駐通關哨。東：磨黑井，設鹽大使。猛烏、整董井二鹽大使，今裁。同治十三年設石膏井提舉。光緒間，割猛烏、烏得與法。威遠廳最要。府西三百四十里。明，威遠直隸州。雍正三年改廳，屬鎮沅。又設猛班巡司。乾隆三十五年改隸府，並以猛戛、扛哄、猛班三土弁隸焉。東南：集翠山、鐵廠山。西南：仙人腳山。西：波麻。北：雷貫。瀾滄江自鎮邊入，杉木江納景谷江、寶谷江水來會，入思茅。猛撒江一名猛賴河，自鎮沅入，納暖里河、鐵廠河水，入寧洱。經歷駐猛戛。西南有戛關。西香、抱母二鹽井，雍正三年設鹽大使，駐抱母。八年移駐香鹽井，名抱香井，今改隸石膏井。思茅廳最要。府南百二十里。明，車裡地，名思茅寨。雍正十三年設廳治，分車裡九土司及攸樂土目地隸焉。東：倚象、鐵山。西：玉屏、六困。東南：六茶山：曰攸樂、曰蟒支、曰革登、曰蠻磚、曰倚邦、曰漫撒。易武山亦產茶。瀾滄江自威遠入，納猛撒江水，又東南，納南鍾、南勻諸水，繞九龍山麓，名九龍江，至車裡北。南哈河自遮放入，又東會羅梭江，東南入交阯。羅梭江上源為清水河，南流逕寧洱為大開河，仍流入境，納龍谷、猛臘諸水，又西南入九龍江。南：永靖關。東南：倚象關。他郎廳要。府東北百六十里。明，恭順土州。順治十八年省入元江府。雍正十年設廳。乾隆三十五年改屬府。東：球香、水癸。西：紅岩、猛連、遮蔽、靈山。東南：太極山。西南：班了、法山。把邊江自鎮沅入，逕寧洱，仍南流，至廳南入元江。阿墨江自鎮沅入，納慢會河水、他郎河水，為布固江。寧洱南平湖，匯流灌田。車裡宣慰司轄江外六版地。乾隆三十八年宣慰司刁維屏潛逃，裁革。四十二年，以刁土宛復襲。

Pu'er Prefecture: of greatest importance. It was the seat of the Yinan Circuit. The Pu'er commander-general was stationed here. In the Ming it was the Cheli Pacification Commissioner, belonging to Yuanjiang Prefecture. The native official surnamed Na held a hereditary post. In the seventh year of Yongzheng Pu'er Prefecture was established. It lay one thousand two hundred thirty li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured one thousand seven hundred ninety li in width and one thousand two hundred forty li in length. Its northern latitude was twenty-three degrees one minute. It lay fifteen degrees twelve minutes west of the capital meridian. It administered three subprefectures, one county, and one pacification commissioner. Ning'er: of key importance. Its seat adjoined that of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Cheli Pacification Commissioner territory. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi it was registered and placed under Yuanjiang Prefecture. In the third year of Kangxi the Yuanjiang Prefecture subprefect was transferred to defend Pu'er. Its twelve Cheli districts still belonged to the commissioner. In the seventh year of Yongzheng the subprefect was abolished, and the six great tea mountains of Pu'er and other places plus the six districts within Ganlanba River were established as a prefecture. In the first year of Qianlong the Youle subprefect was abolished and a county was established attached to the prefectural city. To the east: Jinpaoshan, also called Guangshan. To the west: Taiyi. To the south: Shuangxing. To the north: Guanyin and Yuping. To the southeast: Banjiu Slope, rising above surrounding peaks, with perilous travel. The Babian River entered from Talang, received the Mohei and Mangang rivers, and flowed southeast back into Talang. The Menglai River entered from Weiyuan and flowed southwest into Simao. The Pu'er River, also called the Sancha River, joined Jinlong River waters, flowed south to south of the county, joined East River waters, then south met the Nanyun River and entered Simao. The Buyuan River rose southeast of the county, received Zhengtang River waters, met the Dakai River, and flowed southeast into Simao. The prefectural assistant administrator was stationed at Tongguan sentry. To the east: Mohei Well, with a salt intendant established. The Mengwu and Zhengtang two salt intendants, now abolished. In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi a gypsum well intendant was established. During Guangxu Mengwu and Wude were ceded to France. Weiyuan Subprefecture: of greatest importance. Three hundred forty li west of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Weiyuan Directly Controlled Department. In the third year of Yongzheng it was changed to a subprefecture, subordinate to Zhenyuan. Also the Mengban Patrolling Office was established. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to belong to the prefecture, and the Mengga, Kanghong, and Mengban three native company commanders were placed under it. To the southeast: Jicui and Tiechang mountains. To the southwest: Xianrenjiao Mountain. To the west: Boma. To the north: Leiguan. The Lancang River entered from Zhenbian, the Shanmu River received Jinggu and Baogu river waters to join it, and entered Simao. The Mengsa River, also called the Menglai River, entered from Zhenyuan, received Nuanli and Tiechang river waters, and entered Ning'er. The assistant administrator was stationed at Mengga. To the southwest was Gaguan. The Xixiang and Baomu two salt wells; in the third year of Yongzheng a salt intendant was established, stationed at Baomu. In the eighth year it was moved to Xiangyan Well, called Baoxiang Well, now changed to belong to the gypsum well. Simao Subprefecture: of greatest importance. One hundred twenty li south of the prefecture. In the Ming it was Cheli territory, called Simao Stockade. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng the subprefecture seat was established, dividing nine Cheli native chieftains and Youle native headman territory to be subordinate to it. To the east: Yixiang and Tieshan. To the west: Yuping and Liukun. To the southeast: the Six Tea Mountains: Youle, Mangzhi, Gedeng, Manzhuan, Yibang, and Mansa. Yiwu Mountain also produced tea. The Lancang River entered from Weiyuan, received Mengsa River waters, then southeast received Nanzhong, Nanyun, and other waters, skirted the foot of Jiulong Mountain, called the Jiulong River, reaching north of Cheli. The Nanha River entered from Zhefang, then east met the Luosuo River and flowed southeast into Annam. The upper course of the Luosuo River was the Qingshui River, flowing south past Ning'er as the Dakai River, still flowing into the territory, receiving Longgu and Mengla waters, then southwest into the Jiulong River. To the south: Yongjing Pass. To the southeast: Yixiang Pass. Talang Subprefecture: of key importance. One hundred sixty li northeast of the prefecture. In the Ming it had been Gongshun Native Department. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi it was abolished and incorporated into Yuanjiang Prefecture. In the tenth year of Yongzheng the subprefecture was established. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong it was changed to belong to the prefecture. To the east: Qiuxiang and Shuigui. To the west: Hongyan, Menglian, Zhebi, and Lingshan. To the southeast: Taiji Mountain. To the southwest: Banle and Fashan. The Babian River entered from Zhenyuan, passed Ning'er, still flowed south, and at the south of the subprefecture entered the Yuanjiang. The Amo River entered from Zhenyuan, received Manhui and Talang river waters, becoming the Bugu River. Ning'er South Ping Lake gathered streams for irrigation. The Cheli Pacification Commissioner governed the six districts beyond the river. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong Pacification Commissioner Diao Weiping fled in secret and was dismissed. In the forty-second year Diao Tuwan was restored to inherit the post.

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