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卷75 志五十 地理二十二 贵州

Volume 75 Treatises 50: Geography 22, Guizhou

Chapter 75 of 清史稿 · Draft History of Qing
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Guizhou
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沿使 西 西 西 西 西 西 西
Guizhou lay outside the frontiers of the Jing and Liang regions described in the Tribute of Yu. At the beginning of the Qing, the dynasty retained Ming arrangements, established the Guizhou Provincial Administration Commission, and constituted Guizhou as a province. In Shunzhi 16 (1659), a provincial governor was appointed with his seat at Guiyang, and a Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general was created, each province receiving its own headquarters. In Kangxi 1 (1662), the post was retitled Governor of Guizhou. In Kangxi 4 (1665), the office reverted to Yunnan-Guizhou Governor-General, headquartered at Guizhou. In Kangxi 21 (1682), the headquarters were transferred to Yunnan. It originally governed ten prefectures. In Kangxi 3 (1664), four prefectures were added—Qianxi, Pingyuan, Dading, and Weining. In Kangxi 22 (1683), Dading, Pingyuan, and Qianxi were demoted to subprefectures subordinate to Weining Prefecture. In Yongzheng 5 (1727), Nanlong Prefecture was established. In Yongzheng 6 (1728), Zunyi was transferred from Sichuan and annexed to Guizhou. In Yongzheng 7 (1729), Dading was restored to prefectural rank and Weining was demoted. In Qianlong 41 (1776), Renhuai was elevated; in Jiaqing 2 (1797), Songtao was elevated—each becoming a directly administered department—and Nanlong was renamed Xingyi Prefecture. In Jiaqing 3 (1798), Pingyue Prefecture was demoted to a directly administered subprefecture. In Jiaqing 14 (1809), Pu'an was raised to a directly administered subprefecture. In Jiaqing 16 (1811), it was converted to a department. To the east, as far as Huangzhou in Hunan; a distance of 540 li. To the west, as far as Zhanyi in Yunnan; a distance of 550 li. To the south, as far as Nandan in Guangxi; a distance of 220 li. To the north, as far as Qijiang in Sichuan. A distance of 550 li. It lay 7,640 li northeast of the capital. It measured 1,910 li from east to west and 770 li from north to south. North polar altitude ranged from 25°04′ to 28°33′. Longitude west of the capital ranged from 7°33′ to 10°55′. In Xuantong 3 (1911), registered households totaled 1,771,533 and population 8,503,954. In all it governed twelve prefectures, three directly administered departments, one directly administered subprefecture, eleven departments, thirteen subprefectures, thirty-four counties, and fifty-three native chieftain domains. Courier routes: one ran east from Zhenxiong Pass to Huangzhou in Hunan; one west over Guansuo Ridge to Pingyi in Yunnan; one northwest across the Liuguang River to Yongning in Sichuan. Telegraph lines ran north to Chongqing and Bijie, with a branch from Weining into Yunnan.
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使使使 使使 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 滿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西綿 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西西西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西
Guiyang Prefecture: rated key, busy, and difficult. The provincial governor, administration commissioner, education intendant, judicial commissioner, and grain intendant all had their seats here. In Guangxu 34 (1908), the grain intendant was abolished and police and industry intendancies were created. In Xuantong 1 (1909), the judicial commissioner was retitled procuratorial commissioner. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it was a military-civilian prefecture governing three subprefectures and one county. In Kangxi 11 (1672), Longli County was established. In Kangxi 26 (1687), the "military-civilian" designation was removed; Guizhu and Xiuwen counties were added; and Guiding was transferred from Pingyue Prefecture. In Kangxi 34 (1695), Xingui was annexed to Guizhu. In Yongzheng 4 (1726), Changzhai Department was established. In Guangxu 7 (1881), a department was created from Luohu subprefectural territory; the Changzhai subprefect was relocated there; Changzhai was demoted to a town and merged into Dingfan. It measured 150 li east to west and 370 li north to south. North polar altitude was 9°52′. Longitude west of the capital was 9°52′. It governed one department, three subprefectures, and four counties. To the south: one Qingyan native battalion chief. To the east: one Huzhui Department chief, abolished in Yongzheng 8 (1730). Guizhu County: rated key, busy, and difficult. Attached to the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, the Guizhou and Guiqian guards. Reestablished in Kangxi 26 (1687), sharing a city with Xingui. In Kangxi 34 (1695), Xingui was annexed to it. Within the city walls: Cuiping Mountain. To the east: Tonggu, Qixia, and Shimen. To the north: Gui Mountain, for which the prefecture was named. To the south: Douyan; Banqiao is the highest peak. To the northwest: Qianling and Muge mountains, stretching a hundred li through Xiuwen and on to Qianxi. The Nanming River enters from Guangshun, receives the Jifan, Sifang, and Ajiang rivers, turns east; the Longdong River joins it from the north, and the stream continues north into Kaizhou. The Jigong River enters from northern Qingzhen and exits north again into Qingzhen. The Guancheng River rises on Konglong Mountain, picks up the Zexi north of the city, runs through the walls, and flows south into the Nanming. To the southeast: Tu'an Pass. To the northeast: Ya Pass. One courier station: Huanghua. To the south: one Baina Department chief and deputy, and one Zhongcao native battalion chief. To the northwest: one Yanglong Department chief. Early in Shunzhi it followed Ming practice under the prefecture; during Kangxi it was placed under the county. In Shunzhi 15 (1658), a Zhongcao Department chief and deputy were appointed; the post was abolished in Yongzheng 7 (1729). Lapin Department was also abolished in Kangxi 23 (1684). Guiding County: rated key and busy. It lay 110 li east of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Pingyue. In Kangxi 26 (1687) it was transferred here. To the south: Wenbi, Tianma, Songpai, and Lianzhu mountains. To the west: Jinxing and Yinpan. To the north: Yangbao and Xihua. To the northeast: Caimiao Mountain. The Wengshou River rises at the Pingfa chieftaincy west of the county, loops northeast into Duyun, returns south of the county seat, and receives the Jiaya from Longli. Farther north the Bazi joins it; the stream flows north, meets the Boqi, turns northwest to Baxiang garrison, and enters the Nanming. Shiwan Stream lies north of the county; Miao bands often used its rugged terrain to raise rebellions. To the east: Yuchu and Guman passes. To the west: Masang and Wengcheng passes. One courier station: Xintian. It had a military garrison post. To the south: one Xintian Department chief. Also one chief each for the Pingfa, Dapingfa, and Xiaopingfa departments. One Xipai native headman. The Dongdanping and Beibaping departments were both abolished. Longli County: rated key and busy. It lay 50 li east of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, the Longli Guard. Reestablished as a county in Kangxi 11 (1672). To the south: Longjia. To the west: Changchong. To the north: Yuntai. To the southwest: Huilong Mountain. The Dongmen River rises southeast of the county; the Laoluo and Xin'an streams branch off to the southwest, pass north of the city, and unite as the Boqi River. The Donglongdong River approaches from the northwest and joins the Boqi, then flows into Guiding. The Jiaya River rises at Guzhe Rock and runs east into the Wengshou. To the east: Longsong Pass. To the west: Li'er Pass. One courier station: Longli. To the north: one Dagulong native battalion chief. One Xiaogulong native company commander. To the south: one Yangchang native battalion chief. Also to the northwest: the Longli Department, abolished. Xiuwen County: rated key. It lay 50 li north of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, the Fuyong Guard. Reestablished in Kangxi 26, 1687. Within the city walls: Pingshan. To the west: Baofeng. To the north: Fenghuang and Jiangjun. To the east: Xiwang Mountain, stretching more than 100 li. To the southeast: Longgang. The Wu River entered from Qianxi—the Qian River—passed northwest of the city, joined the Jigong, flowed north as the Liuguang, and entered Kaizhou. The Jigong entered from Qingzhen; the Shidong and Mengchong streams joined it from the west, then it flowed north into the Wu. To the northeast: one Dizhai Department chief and deputy. Kaizhou Department: rated difficult. It lay 120 li east of the prefectural seat. To the east: Lulang. To the southwest: Nanwang and Yinyang mountains. The Nanming entered from Guizhu and passed east of the city; the Xini joined from the northeast, then it flowed north; the Luowang joined from the northeast, turned east as the Qingshui, and entered the Wu. The Wu entered from Xiuwen as the Liuguang, passed northwest of the city, received the Shaxi and Yanglong streams, passed north of the city, took the united Yangshui and Hengshui, met the Qingshui to the southeast, and followed the Zunyi border into Weng'an. The Keduo rose southeast of the city, ran underground and re-emerged as the Luowang, and flowed east into the Qingshui. To the northeast: one Xisi Department chief and deputy, abolished. Dingfan Department: rated difficult. It lay 100 li south of the prefectural seat. The Dingguang brigade deputy commander was stationed here. To the east: Qin Mountain. To the south: Sanbao and Biji. To the west: Qishan. To the southeast: Songqi. To the northwest: Pingfeng Mountain, whence the Meng issued—the Lian River, also called the Zangge and the Duni; it rose in the mountains northwest of the city, passed through Guangshun and re-entered the jurisdiction; the Chong and Chaojing joined it, then it flowed southwest into Luohu. The Fengning entered from Duyun, joined the Ba Pan, strayed into Luohu, united with the North Pan, flowed east, and entered Nadi Native Prefecture in Guangxi. The Shangmaqiao rose east of the abolished Shangmaqiao Department in the northwest, flowed northeast into Guizhu, and joined the Nanming. To the south: Shimen and Kedu passes. To the northeast: Chengfan Pass. Two subprefecture judges: Datang and Changzhai. At the department seat: one Chengfan Department chief. To the southeast: one chief of the Dalong Fan and Xiaolong Fan departments. To the south: one chief of the Wei Fan and Luo Fan departments. To the southwest: one Mugua Department chief and deputy, and one Maxiang Department chief. To the northeast: one Lufan Department chief. To the west: one Niu'lu and Muguan native headman. Also to the east: the Jinshi Fan Department. Seven departments were abolished: Nanfang Fan, Lushan, Hong Fan, and Wolong Fan to the south; Dahua to the west; and Shangmaqiao and Xiaocheng Fan to the northwest. Guangshun Department: rated difficult. It lay 110 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the west: Zhenwu. To the east: Luoyong and Baiyun. To the south: Tiantai Mountain. The Nanming rose northeast of the city, turned east, and entered Guizhu. The Jigong entered from Puding; the Malian joined it, turned north, and entered Anping. The You'ai lay east of the city at Congrenli and flowed east into the Jifan. To the east: Baiya and Wenggui passes. To the west: Wenma Pass. To the north: Yanxi Pass. One Changzhai subprefecture judge. It had three garrison posts: Zongjiao, Changzhai, and Tongsun. It had a Jinzhu Department, abolished. Luohu Department lay 420 li southwest of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Sixian Native Prefecture in Guangxi; soon afterward it was transferred to Sixian Prefecture. In Yongzheng 3, 1725, Yongfeng Department was carved out and established with a subprefecture judge, subordinate to Nanlong Prefecture. In Qianlong 14, 1749, it was transferred to Dingfan. In Guangxu 7, 1881, it was established as a department. To the southeast: Laoren Peak. To the southwest: Liuhe Mountain. The Meng entered from Dingfan; the Kemeng from Puding and the Mengduo from Guihua united and joined it, then it flowed south into the North Pan. The North Pan, united with the South Pan, entered from east of Zhenfeng, received the Meng, and flowed into Nadi Native Prefecture. Also the Ba Pan lay northeast of the city; its upper stream was the Fengning, which entered from Duyun, joined the Tengcha, and flowed southeast into Sixian in Guangxi. One Zhazuo patrol office. It had a Luohu garrison post. One Luohu Dagong native thousand-household chief. One Hewang native assistant officer.
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西 沿 西 西西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西
Anshun Prefecture: rated key, busy, and difficult. It was formerly subordinate to the Gui West Circuit. The provincial military commander was stationed here. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it was a military-civilian prefecture. In Kangxi 26, 1687, the "military-civilian" designation was removed. It lay 180 li northeast of the provincial capital. It measured 310 li across and 160 li from north to south. Its north latitude was 36 degrees 12 minutes. It lay 24 minutes west of the capital meridian at 20 degrees. It governed two departments, two subprefectures, and three counties. To the northwest: one Xibao Department deputy chief. To the southwest: the Angu and Xibao departments, abolished. Puding County: rated key, busy, and difficult. Attached to the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, the Puding Guard. Reestablished in Kangxi 11, 1672, with the Dingnan Battalion merged into it. Within the city walls: Tashan. To the east: Feihong and Yankong. To the south: Pingfeng. To the southeast: Qishan. To the northwest: Jiupo and Xinpo Mountain. The Ninggu rose in the eastern hills, united several streams, and flowed southwest into Zhenning. The Bodu entered from Zhenning and flowed northeast into Anping. The Kemeng rose in the county's southeast and ran south into Luohu. The Mengdu rose in the county's southwest and ran south into Guihua. The Jigong's upper stream was the Dashui; it rose in the county's northeast and flowed southeast into Guangshun. To the east: Luoxian and Yangjia passes. To the south: Bantian Pass. To the west: Niufan, Datun, Laohu, and Datie passes. One courier station: Puli. It had an abolished Ninggu Department. One Shangwuyuanzhi native battalion chief, abolished. Zhenning Subprefecture: rated key and busy. It lay 50 li west of the prefectural seat. In Kangxi 26, 1687, Anzhuang Guard was annexed to it. To the south: Yujing and Qinglong. To the east: Dongpo Mountain. To the west: Baiyan and Cimu Mountain. To the north: the Ninety-nine Ridges, encircling more than a hundred li. To the south: the Wuni, rising in mountain ravines and gathering stream and brook waters; from the northeast the Dingfan Ninggu entered from Puding, united the waters west of the subprefecture, flowed south into Zhenfeng, and joined the North Pan. The Bodu entered from Langdai; the Duoji flowed south; the Gurong, united with the Sancha, flowed north — all converged on it. Flowing northeast, it ran along the Puding border and entered Pingyuan. To the east: Hou'er Pass. To the southwest: Tudi, Fenghuang, and Shilong passes. Two courier stations: Anzhuang and Pogong. It had a Pogong garrison post. The Dong Kangzuo and North Shierying departments, abolished. Yongning Subprefecture: rated key and busy. It lay 140 li west of the prefectural seat. Within the city walls: Dingqing Mountain. To the east: Erlong. To the south: Jianmei. To the west: Puzhao and Anlongqing Mountain. To the northwest: Hongya Mountain. The North Pan entered from Langdai; the Tuochang from Pu'an united the Geng and Xu rivers and joined it from the northeast; the stream passed west of the city, received the Xipo and Maliang, bent southwest, took the Mabi from An'nan flowing in from the northeast, then turned east into Zhenfeng. To the west: Meizi Pass. One Muyi patrol inspector. It had three garrison posts: Guanling, Muyi, and Shanggua. To the west: one Shaying Dingying Department chief. One Panjiang native patrol inspector. Qingzhen County: rated key and busy. It lay 120 li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Weiqing Guard. Reestablished in Kangxi 26, 1687, with Zhenxi Guard and the Hesheng and Weiwo battalions annexed to it. To the east: Shizi Mountain. To the south: Ma'an. To the west: Tonggu. To the north: Yang'er Mountain. The Jigong entered from Anping, flowed north past the west wall, curved around the north of the city, looped into Guizhu, and continued north into Xiuwen. The Sancha entered from Anping, turned northwest; the Niuchang joined it from the southwest, and the stream also entered Xiuwen. To the west lay Dicheng Pass. Anping County: rated key and busy. It lay 60 li east of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Pingba Guard. Reestablished in Kangxi 26, 1687, with the Rouyuan Battalion annexed to it. To the east: Jin'ao and Gaofeng. To the south: Yuanmao and Tiantai. To the southeast: Matou Mountain. The Bodu entered from Puding, passed Tianma Mountain, and flowed north into Pingyuan. The Jigong entered from Guangshun; the Yangchang flowed east to join it. The Yangchang had twin sources flanking the city; they united ten li south of the county seat, bent northeast, and met the Maxian,
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西 西 西 西 西
then turned north into Qingzhen. To the east: Tonggu Pass. To the south: Shazi and Yangjia passes. To the southeast: Pingba Pass. Langdai Department: rated simple. It lay 185 li west of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was the domain of the Long clan chieftain. It was pacified in Kangxi 5, 1666. It was established in Yongzheng 9, 1731. The Yong'an brigade deputy commander was stationed here. The North Pan entered from Pu'an, passed west of the seat, then flowed southeast into Yongning. The Bodu entered from Shuicheng, united the waters north of the department, turned east, and entered Zhenning. To the east: Shilong Pass. To the west: Datie Pass. One courier station: Maokou. It had one Yangchang patrol office. Guihua Department: rated important. It lay 160 li south of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was the jumbled ground where the Kangzuo chieftaincy met the subprefectures of Zhenning, Dingfan, and Guangshun. It was established in Yongzheng 8, 1730. The Yanxia rose west of the department, flowed south, looped into Zhenfeng, and returned within its bounds. The Wuni came from the southwest to join it, then flowed back into Zhenfeng. The Mengdu entered from Puding and again ran southeast into Luohu. To the east: Bailang Pass. To the north: Yinzi Pass. To the south: Hongsha Pass. It had six garrison posts: Daying, Bayang, Baiyan, Houchang, Shuchang, and Niuchang.
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西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 使 西 西 西西 西 西鹿 西 調 西 西 西 西 西
Duyun Prefecture: rated important. It was subordinate to the Gui East Circuit. A brigade deputy commander was stationed here. Early in Shunzhi, it followed Ming institutions. It governed two subprefectures and one county. In the Kangxi period, Duyun was established. In the Yongzheng period, Bazhai, Duojiang, and Danjiang were opened; one subprefect and two prefectural judges were appointed. In Yongzheng 11, 1733, Libo in Guangxi was severed and placed under its jurisdiction. It lay 240 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measured 320 li across and 450 li from north to south. North polar altitude was 26°13′. Longitude west of the capital was 9°03′. It governed three departments, two subprefectures, and three counties. To the southwest: one Liutong Department chief. To the south: one chief each for the Wang and Wu departments. Also to the east lay Tianba; to the southwest, Pingzhou; and to the west, Xidanxing—three departments, all abolished. Duyun: rated busy. Attached to the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, the Duyun Guard. Established in Kangxi 11, 1672. Within the city walls: East Mountain. To the west: Dragon Mountain. To the north: Mengyu. To the southwest: Kaiyang Mountain. The Mawei River was the southern headwater of the Qingshui; it rose in the county's southwest, picked up a small tributary, then received the Bangshui and Longtan from the north and flowed east into Maha. The Maichong rose south of the county, united four small streams, ran southwest as the Feng'an, and entered Dushan. To the west: Shiping Pass and Weizhen Pass. To the north: Pingding Pass. To the south: Duyun Department; to the west: one Bangshui Department chief; under the Ming, both belonged to the prefecture. Early in Shunzhi its jurisdiction was reassigned here. One Pinglang Department chief; under the Ming, subordinate to the prefecture. Early in Shunzhi its jurisdiction was reassigned here. Abolished in Yongzheng 5, 1727. Maha Subprefecture: rated busy and difficult. It lay 60 li north of the prefectural seat. To the east: Pilong and Tiantai. To the south: Tianma. To the west: Yuping and Tonggu Mountain. To the south, the Maha River had twin sources that merged west of the city into a single stream—also called the Two Forks River—and flowed north into Pingyue. The Mawei entered from east of the prefecture, passed through Wujia Department, and flowed north into Qingping. It had two garrison posts: Gudong and Kawu. To the south: one Leping Department chief. One Luohu native battalion chief. To the east: one Pingding Department chief. One Xuanwei native battalion chief. To the north: one Yange native thousand-total chief. To the west: one Jiusi native battalion chief. Dushan Subprefecture: rated tricky. It lay 120 li southwest of the prefectural seat. Dushan Mountain lay to the south, and the subprefecture took its name from it. To the east: Wenhan Mountain. To the south: Zhenling. To the west: Xinglang Mountain. To the south, the Dushan River—the upper Du and the ancient Zangke—rose at Meihua Cave in Shuiyan, flowed northeast past Landu chieftaincy, received a branch of the Machang, turned east, and joined the Du. To the west, the Fengyin rose at Flying Phoenix Well, ringed the city walls, and flowed into the Dushan. The Feng'an entered from Duyun, passed north of the city, received the Shen and Pingzhou, then turned west into Changzhai. To the south: Jigong Pass. To the north: Akeng Pass. One Sanjiaozhou tong. It had two garrison posts: Bakai and Dalüe. One Dushan Department chief attached to the seat. To the south: one upper Fengning native department chief. To the southeast: one lower Fengning native department chief. One Sanpeng native battalion chief. To the east: one Landu chieftaincy chief. To the northeast: one Pu'an native battalion chief. Qingping County: rated key and difficult. It lay 120 li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was a county. In Kangxi 7, 1668, it was annexed to Maha Subprefecture; restored in Kangxi 11, 1672, with the Qingping Guard abolished and merged into it. To the south: Shuiqing. To the east: Qipan. To the north: Shijiang Mountain. To the southeast: Xianglu. To the northeast: Tianbang Mountain. The Zhuliang was the northern headwater of the Qingshui; it entered from Pingyue, united with the Maha, and flowed east into Huangping. To the southeast, the Mawei—the Jian River—entered from Duyun and flowed north into the Qingshui. To the south: Jichang Pass. One Kaili county assistant magistrate. It had two garrison posts: Paiyang and Lushan. To the east: the Kaili Department pacification commissioner, abolished. Libo County: rated important. It lay 200 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Qingyuan Prefecture in Guangxi. Transferred here in Yongzheng 10, 1732. To the east: Shuipai Mountain. To the north: Watershed Ridge. Libo Spring lay north of the city, and the county took its name from it. The Laocun rose in the county's northeast, ran southwest, and joined the E River. The E River had north and south headwaters that met at Shuidong, then ran southwest; the Yongchang Stream from Guzhou passed south of the Du, picked up several tributaries, and flowed into Nandan Native Prefecture in Guangxi. To the south: Liming Pass. To the west: Majia Pass. One Fangcun county assistant magistrate. It had two garrison posts: Sandong and Fangcun. Bazhai Department: rated important. It lay 90 li east of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was Tianba chieftain territory. Established in Yongzheng 6, 1728, after the Miao frontier was pacified. To the west: Delu Mountain and Dadenggao Mountain, both steep and strategically critical. To the west, the Mawei entered from Duyun, ran northeast, and flowed into Maha. Long Spring from Longjing and South Spring from Danjiang both fed the Mawei. The Du came from Dushan past Du River township; a stream rose at Pojiao Stockade north of the department, ran south into Du River territory, and joined it. To the south: Yangyong Pass. To the north: Wuli Pass. It had a Jiumen garrison post. To the southeast: one Yangwu Paitiao Department chief. To the east: one Yong'an Department chief. Danjiang Department: rated important. It lay 140 li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was raw Miao territory. Established in Yongzheng 6, 1728, after the Miao frontier was pacified. To the southwest: Jiumen Mountain. To the southeast, Niupi Ravine wound for several hundred li across the borders of Bazhai, Duojiang, and Guzhou. The Great Dan rose in the department's southwest; the Little Dan joined it from the southeast to form the Nine Branches River, which flowed northeast into Taigong. To the east, the Fangli flowed west into Danjiang. It had six garrison posts: Jijiang, Huangmao, Wudie, Dingguan, Kongbai, and Songlin. One native thousand-total chief for Jijiang in the northeast, Huangmao in the north, and Wudie in the southwest. Duojiang Department: rated important. It lay 222 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was the territory of Lainiu Great Stockade. Established in Yongzheng 6, 1728, after the Miao frontier was pacified. To the west: Liudie Mountain. To the northeast: Daping Mountain. The upper Du was the Dushan River, entering from east of Dushan; the Yangwu, united with the Wugou, joined it, then flowed east into Guzhou. To the north: Paichang Pass. It had one Shunde and Guiren native thousand-total chief.
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西 西 西 西 西 簿 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西西 稿 西
Zhenyuan Prefecture: rated key, busy, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Gui East Circuit. The regional commander was stationed here. Early in Shunzhi, it followed Ming institutions. It lay 452 li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured 175 li across and 205 li from north to south. North polar altitude was 27°02′. Longitude west of the capital was 8°13′. It governed two departments, one subprefecture, and three counties. Behind the seat stood Shiping Mountain. Midway up the mountain was a cave; after prolonged rain the river would flood. To the southeast: Siqiong Mountain and the Dubo and Dulai ranges. South of Qiongshui Department: Mashou Mountain. South of Pianqiao Department: Shizhu Mountain. One Pianqiao Department chief. One left deputy and one right deputy chief; on succession the left and right deputies were retitled seventh-rank native officials. Zhenyuan County: rated key and busy. Attached to the prefectural seat. In Kangxi 22, 1683, the Zhenyuan Guard of Huguang was transferred here and annexed to the county. To the east: Tieshan, Zhonghe Mountain, Machang Mountain, and Guanyin Rock. To the south: Wulao Mountain. To the north: the Great and Little Shiya cliffs. To the northeast: Dachu Rock. To the west: Gulou Slope Mountain. The Qingshui entered from Shibing, passed east of the Zhenyuan chieftaincy, and flowed into Taigong. The Qiong had twin sources; united, they passed south of Qiongshui Department and joined the Qing. The Deming rose at Deming Cave, flowed southeast into Taigong, and fed the Qingshui. The Wu entered from Shibing; the Baishui, Xiaoyou, and other streams joined it, ran southwest of the city as the Zhenyang, received the Jiao from the east, flowed northeast, and entered Qingxi. To the northwest: Jinshi Pass. To the north: Wende Pass and Zhenxiong Pass. To the east: Jiming Pass. Qiongshui: one county assistant magistrate. Forty-eight Streams: one registrar. To the southeast: one Qiongshui Department chief and deputy; on succession retitled seventh-rank native officials. Shibing County: rated key and difficult. It lay 70 li southwest of the prefectural seat. In Kangxi 22, 1683, the Pianqiao Guard of Huguang was transferred here. In Kangxi 26, 1687, it was annexed to the county. Within the city walls: Feifeng Mountain. To the east: Jinzhong and Yuping. To the north: Santai Mountain and Cen Mountain. The Qingshui entered from Huangping in the east, took a small tributary, and flowed east into Taigong. The Wu entered from northeast Huangping, received the Wayao, Shanmu, and other streams; the Xiaojiang from Huangping joined it as the Two Rivers and flowed east into Zhenyuan. To the west: Lanqiao Pass. Shengbing: one county assistant magistrate. The abolished Pianqiao courier station. Tianzhu County: rated busy, wearing, and difficult. It lay 210 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Jingzhou in Huguang. In Yongzheng 5, 1727, it was transferred to Liping Prefecture; in Yongzheng 11, 1733, it was placed under this prefecture. To the east: Gaoyun Mountain and Ciling Mountain. To the south: Chunhua and Huangshao. To the west: Lianhua. To the north: Zhushi Mountain, for which the county was named. The Qingshui entered from Kaitai, passed south of the city; the Zhiyin and Dengxi ran southeast to join it and flowed into Huitong in Hunan. The West River—also called Dengxi—flowed southeast and at the north of the city joined the Jianshui. To the east: Laohuangtian Pass. To the south: Wangqiao Pass. To the west: Xi'an Outpost Pass. To the north: Dutou Pass. Liuji: one county assistant magistrate. One Yuankou patrol office. It had two garrison posts: Chachu and Gexi. Huangping Subprefecture: rated key, busy, and difficult. It lay 130 li southwest of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Pingyue. In Kangxi 26, 1687, the seat was moved to the old Xinglong Guard. In Jiaqing 3, 1798, it was placed under this prefecture. To the east: Feiyun Rock. To the south: Gutaishan. To the west: Douyan Mountain. To the north: Beichen, Cenzhou, and Shilin mountains. The Qingshui had twin upper sources entering from Qingping, passing south of the city, uniting, and flowing east into Shibing. The Wu rose at Jinfeng Mountain south of the seat, flowed north, united two western tributaries, and entered Shibing from the northeast. To the east: the Lengshui, Xiushui Stream, and Gaoxi; downstream they united with Xiushui and entered the Chong'an. To the east: Mazong Ridge Pass and Dashi Pass. One Jiuzhou City patrol inspector. One courier station: Chong'an River. It had a Huangping garrison post. Dongyan Pass Department and southeast Chong'an Department: one chief each. It also had a Langcheng Department native clerk, abolished. Taigong Department: rated important. It lay 103 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was Nine Branches raw Miao territory. Established in Yongzheng 11, 1733, after the Miao frontier was pacified; the Qingjiang subprefect was relocated here. To the north: Maopo Mountain. To the east: Lianhua. To the southwest: Taixiong Mountain. The Qingshui, also called the Shidong, entered from Zhenyuan north of the city, received water from Huangping, turned southeast, passed Gedong Garrison, and flowed into Danjiang. The Jiugu, also known as the Bala, entered from Danjiang to the north; at the west side of the city the Zhanshui came from the northwest to join it; the stream turned northeast into the Qingshui. Four garrisons: Fanzhao, Taixiong, Gedong, and Gaogong. Qingjiang Department: rated important. It lay 190 li southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, it was Miao country on the Qingshui River. It was established in Yongzheng 8, 1730, after the Miao frontier was pacified, with a subprefect appointed. In Yongzheng 11, 1733, the subprefect was moved to Taigong and the office was retitled prefectural judge. The Qingjiang Brigade deputy commander was posted there. To the south: Baisuo. To the west: Gong'e and Santai. To the north: Liuluo Mountain and Baiji Pass Mountain. The Qingshui entered from Taigong to the southeast; the Qiongshui joined it from the left. The Wumie, Wuyong, and Wula entered from Danjiang, united as the Nanshao River, and joined it from the right. Farther east it took in the De River and entered Kaitai. To the east: Dongzhen Pass. To the north: Baiji Pass.
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沿 西 西 西鹿 西 沿 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西西 西 西
Sinan Prefecture: rated busy. It was subordinate to the Gui East Circuit. Early in Shunzhi, it followed Ming practice. It lay 645 li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured 400 li east-west and 560 li north-south. Its northern latitude was 27°56′. It lay 8°05′ west of Beijing. It governed three counties. Within the city: Zhonghe Mountain. To the east: Dongsheng and Sitang. To the west: Yanmen and Bailu. To the north: Shuangfeng and Xiangshan. The Wujiang entered from Shiqian; Yingwu Stream and the Banping united with Qingjiang Stream to join it, turned east, and looped into Anhua. Flowing north to Qitan Field it re-entered the prefecture; the Caoxi joined from the east and the Xiaolangba from the north, then northward again it crossed back into Anhua. To the east: Shixia, Wusheng, and Yongsheng passes. To the south: Furong Pass. To the northwest: Yingwu Pass. One chieftain each for Donglangxi and Yanhe departments. To the west: the Xishan Yangdong barbarian department, abolished. Anhua County: rated busy. It was formerly attached to the prefectural seat. In Guangxu 8, 1882, the county seat was moved to Dabao. It lay 130 li north of the prefectural seat. To the east: Fenghuang and Lianhua. To the south: Wenzhong. To the north: Zhuyan and Yizi Mountain. To the southwest: Canglin Mountain, overlooking Jiancha Stream below, with a spring known as the First Spring. The Wujiang entered from the prefecture's northeast; the Siqiong came from Yinjiang in the northwest to join it. The small Sancha River came from Youyang in Sichuan to the west, joined it, flowed northeast, and entered Youyang. The Hongdu entered from Longquan to the northeast, passed Jianjia Gully, and downstream was called the Fengle; a stream joined from the northwest, looped into Wuchuan, returned northeast within the county, and flowed north into Youyang in Sichuan. To the northwest: one abolished native patrol office at Tanhan Piandao Waters. Wuchuan County: rated busy and difficult. It lay 240 li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the east: Dayan. To the south: Nitang. To the west: Huagai. To the northeast: Changqian Mountain. To the north: Wolong Mountain. The Feng entered from Anhua and united with the Longdeng; the Xiaoyang with Baijiao Stream joined from the northeast, then turned northeast back into Anhua. The Furong rose west of the county, flowed northwest, looped into Zheng'an, passed the county's northwest again, and flowed north into Fuzhou in Sichuan. To the east: Jiaoyan and Shuiyun passes. To the west: Shijiang Pass. To the north: Jiuzhu, Wujin, Shiban, and Qingyan passes. Yinjiang County: rated simple. It lay 40 li south of the prefectural seat. To the east: Wenbi, Eling, Dasheng, and Dengshan. To the west: Hefeng Mountain. To the north: Shisun Mountain. The Siqiong entered from Songtao, turned north, united with a small stream, entered Anhua, and joined the Wujiang. To the east: Eling and Gena passes. To the south: Xiubao Pass.
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西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西
Sizhou Prefecture: rated key. It was subordinate to the Gui East Circuit. Early in Shunzhi, it followed Ming practice. It governed four native-chief departments and no counties. In Yongzheng 5, 1727, Pingxi and Qinglang guards from Huguang were transferred to it. They were soon reorganized as Yuping and Qingxi counties. It lay 540 li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured 190 li east-west and 260 li north-south. Its northern latitude was 27°11′. It lay 7°55′ west of Beijing. It governed two counties. To the east: Yanqian and Longtang. To the south: Shengde. To the west: Panshan and Cengong. To the north: Hongya and Liunong Mountain. The Zhenyang entered from Qingxi, passed the city's southeast, and flowed into Yuping. The Lulai rose northwest of the prefecture, united with the Hongzhai, flowed southeast, absorbed the Shixi, Saxi, Jiaxi, and other streams, and entered the Zhenyang to the southeast. The Yijia rose northeast of the prefecture, united with the Wenshui, and flowing south also entered the Zhenyang. To the east: Dushao Pass. To the south: Qingping and Huangtu passes. To the northeast: Nianyu Pass. To the west: Panshan Pass. At the seat: Duping Department; to the southwest, Dusu; to the northeast, Huangdaoxi—each with one chief and one deputy; the deputy posts were later abolished. To the north: one Shixi Department chieftain. Yuping County: rated key and busy. It lay 100 li east of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, it followed the Ming Pingxi Guard in Huguang. In Yongzheng 5, 1727, it was reorganized and transferred here. To the north: Yuping Mountain, for which the county was named. Within the city: Huilong Mountain. To the east: Santai and Yueping Mountain. To the south: Daoding Mountain, standing opposite Shuangjian Peak. Jiepai Mountain was the vital corridor through which the various frontier peoples came and went. The Zhenyang entered from the prefecture's northeast, ran past the north wall, was known as the Pingjiang, and flowed north into Huangzhou in Hunan. To the west: the Yeji, gathering the Xixi, Suoxi, and other streams, passed Feifeng Mountain and Yeji Plain and entered the Pingjiang. The Taiping River joined it there. Qingxi County: rated key and busy. It lay 90 li south of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, it followed the Ming Qinglang Guard in Huguang. In Yongzheng 5, 1727, it was reorganized and transferred here. North Barrier Mountain stood behind the county seat. To the east: Zhuyun. To the west: Lingbao Mountain. To the north: Guanyin Mountain. The Zhenyang, also called the Qingxi, entered from Zhenyuan; the Tiechang united with the Zhuping and Miaolong to join it and flowed northeast into the prefecture. To the east: Qinglang and Jiming passes. To the west: Sizi Pass.
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西 西 西 西 西 西 西
Tongren Prefecture: rated moderate, busy, and difficult. It was subordinate to the Gui East Circuit. A deputy commander was posted there. Early in Shunzhi, it followed Ming practice. In Kangxi 43, 1704, after the Red Miao were pacified, Zhengdaying Camp was established and a subprefect was posted there. In Yongzheng 8, 1730, after the Songtao Red Miao were pacified, the subprefect was moved there, and Zhengdaying territory was annexed to Tongren County. In Jiaqing 3, 1798, Songtao was raised to a directly administered department, and the lands of the Wuluo and Pingxi departments were transferred to it. In Guangxu 6, 1880, after bandits on Mount Fanjing were suppressed, the Tongren county seat was moved to Jiangkou, formerly the Tixi clerk's post; five dong of prefectural territory went to the county; half of six townships plus half of three townships including Ba'pan went under direct prefectural rule; the clerk was transferred to Dawanshan. It lay 606 li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured 170 li east-west and 270 li north-south. Its northern latitude was 27°38′. It lay 7°30′ west of Beijing. It governed one county. To the south: Tongya Cliff, for which the prefecture was named. To the east: Shihu and Tiantai. To the south: Tianma and Liulong. To the west: Zhuge Mountain. To the north: Chongfeng Mountain. The Great River, also the Chen, entered the prefecture from the county's east, united with Wengbadong Water, and farther east met the Little River. The Little River rose on Mount Fanjing, united with Chashantang Water, flowed south to meet the Chen, and eastward entered Mayang in Hunan as the Mayang River. To the east: Longshi, Shiliu, Yangtou, and other passes. To the north: Daoma, Balong, Wengmei, Daoshui, and other passes. One Dawanshan clerk. Two garrisons: Zhengda and Shixi. To the southeast, Shengxi Department; to the west, Tixi—each with one chief and one deputy. Tongren County: rated busy. It lay 90 li northwest of the prefectural seat. Yuebo Mountain stood to the right of the county seat, crescent-shaped and obliquely facing Three Cliffs, rising more than ten ren. To the northwest stood Mount Fanjing, three to four hundred li around, straddling the borders of Sinan, Zhenyuan, Songtao, and Yinjiang. To the south: Wuyun Mountain. To the southwest: Baizhang Mountain. The Chen rose on Mount Fanjing in two branches: the right absorbed the Biaogan and several Yangxi tributaries and passed southeast through Tixi Department; the left passed Shaoshang Ford, took in a small stream, met the right at Tixi, received the Shengxi and Kaihong, and flowed east into the prefecture. One Zhengdaying county assistant. Huashi Garrison.
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西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 鹿 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西綿 西
Zunyi Prefecture: rated moderate, key, and busy. It was formerly subordinate to the Gui West Circuit. A deputy commander was posted there. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it was a military-civilian prefecture subordinate to Sichuan. In Kangxi 26, 1687, the word "military-civilian" was dropped from the title. In Yongzheng 5, 1727, its affiliation was changed. It lay 280 li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured 790 li east-west and 360 li north-south. Its northern latitude was 27°37′. It lay 9°29′ west of Beijing. It governed one department, one subprefecture, and four counties. Zunyi County: rated key, busy, and difficult. Attached to the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Sichuan. In Yongzheng 7, 1729, it was transferred along with the prefecture. To the east: Xiangfeng and Santai. To the west: Hong Pass, Yuanbao, Dashuitian Mountain, and Loushan. To the north: Dalou, Longyan, and Dingjun Mountain. To the northwest: Yong'an Mountain. The Wujiang entered along Kai Prefecture; the Zhongdu, Lemin, and two small streams joined from the south; then southeast it met the Qingshui and entered Weng'an. The Xiang rose northwest of the county at Longyan Mountain; two sources united and flowed south; the Hong joined Fenghuang Stream; south it passed Meitan and at Weng'an entered the Wujiang. The Chishui entered from Renhuai; the Shaba with several small streams joined from the north; it also took in the Yanjing River and looped into Tongzi. To the east: Sandu Pass. To the west: Wujiang and Luomeng passes. To the north: Taiping Pass. Four courier stations: Wujiang, Bochuan, Songkan, and Xiangchuan. Tongzi County: rated busy, weary, and difficult. It lay 120 li north of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Sichuan. In Yongzheng 7, 1729, it was transferred along with the prefecture. To the east: Shinv and Jiulong Mountain. To the north: Fuhuan. To the south: Jinma. To the west: Jin'e Mountain. The Chishui entered from Renhuai east into Zunyi, looped into the county, received the Qilang with Qinxi Stream from the west, and flowed back into Renhuai. The Songkan, upper reach of the Qijiang, entered from Zheng'an and left the county's northeast; two sources united and flowed northwest; the Potou from Zheng'an west joined it, and north it entered Qijiang in Sichuan. The Shizui, upper reach of the Wenshui, rose northwest of the county and entered Renhuai territory. To the north: Zhangjiu Pass. To the northeast: Shihu Pass. Suiyang County: rated simple. It lay 100 li east of the prefectural seat. Early in Shunzhi, following Ming practice, it belonged to Sichuan. In Yongzheng 7, 1729, it was transferred along with the prefecture. To the east: Suiyang Mountain, for which the county was named. To the south: Gushan and Guanzi. To the north: Boli and Xianren mountains. To the west: Jinzi Mountain. The Le'an, also called the Lutang, had two sources north of the county; they united, flowed south into Zunyi, and joined the Xiang. The Meitan flowed south from Meitan, passed the city's southeast, and returned into Meitan. The Little Wujiang, also the Dutou, rose north of the county, united with Sangmutang Water and the Guandu, and flowed north into Zheng'an. To the east: Jiuzhu, Shimao, and Kuzhu passes. To the west: Langshan Pass. To the south: Bange Pass. To the east lay Sangmu and Longdong passes. Zheng'an Subprefecture: rated difficult. It lay 340 li northeast of the prefectural seat. In the early Shunzhi period it retained the Ming name Zhen'an and was subordinate to Sichuan. During Kangxi the seat was moved to Gufeng. In Yongzheng 2 (1724) it was renamed Zheng'an. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it was reassigned along with Zunyi Prefecture. To the south: Luomeng Mountain and Shichang Qingjing. To the west: Chouzi and steep ridges. To the north: Baozi Mountain. The Xiaowu entered from Suiyang, took the Niudu on the right and the Qingxi on the left, then flowed northeast into the Furong. The Sanjiang entered from Qijiang in Sichuan, received the Ansixi, flowed northeast into Wuchuan, and was also known as the Furong. The Potou flowed southwest from Qijiang, crossed the county, then ran west into Tongzi and joined the Songkan. To the north: Laoying and Qingyan passes. To the west: Baiyan Pass. Renhuai Subprefecture. It lay 180 li northwest of the prefectural seat. In the early Shunzhi period it remained subordinate to Sichuan as in the Ming. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it was reassigned along with Zunyi Prefecture. In Yongzheng 8 (1730) the seat was moved to Tingziba. To the east: Cuitao. To the west: Xiyang. To the north: Niuxin Mountain. To the northwest: Laose Mountain. The Chishui entered from Yongning in Sichuan, passed Yangzi Pass, united two small streams, and crossed into Zunyi and Tongzi. Turning northwest it re-entered the county, took the Fengxiangba on the right and the Jiuxi on the left, while the Gulai flowed north to join it. Flowing northwest into southern Chishui, it wound west, turned northeast, re-entered the county, took the Gaodong, and entered Hejiang in Sichuan. The Wenshui entered from Tongzi, united the Sanchaigou, and flowed into Qijiang in Sichuan. One prefectural assistant magistrate was posted at Wenshui station. It had a garrison post. Chishui Department: rated strategic. It lay 240 li northwest of the prefectural seat. In Yongzheng 8 (1730) a subprefectural magistrate was posted there; Yuanba was kept and Renhuai Department was established in its place. In Qianlong 41 (1776) it was elevated to a directly administered department. In Guangxu 34 (1908) it was renamed and reduced from department status. To the east: Tiantai. To the south: Santai and Wulao. To the west: Guanshan, stretching more than 300 li. The Chishui entered from Renhuai; the Yongsai also came from Renhuai to join it; from the south it took Ruxi, Nixi, and Yuanhouxi; from the north Huluxi, Yaobaxi, and Shabaixi; it passed south of the department where the Houxi joined. Flowing north again it took the Fengshui and two smaller streams, ran northeast, and re-entered Renhuai. To the south: Hulu Pass. To the west: Zhongqing Pass. Yuanhou garrison post.
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沿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 簿
Shiqian Prefecture: rated simple. It was formerly under the Grain Storage Circuit. In the early Shunzhi period it followed Ming institutions. During Kangxi the Gezhang and Miaomin units were abolished. During Yongzheng the Shiqian vice-pacification office was abolished. It lay 574 li southwest of the provincial capital. It measured 65 li across and 440 li from north to south. North polar altitude was 27°29′. Longitude west of the capital was 8°19′. It governed one county. Qianshan entered from Pingyue and wound for several hundred li; the prefecture took its name from the mountain. To the east: Jiulong and Zhendong. To the south: Songming and Shiwan Mountain. To the west: Wanshou Mountain. To the north: Xianglu Mountain. The Wu entered from Yuqing; the Luohuatun flowed southeast to join it. The Longdi had two sources; passing west of the prefectural seat it united a small stream, flowed northeast into the Wu, and entered Sinan. The Longdi was also called the Baiyan; its upper stream was the Baoxi; it flowed north past Huangmaotun, took the Daxi and Kaikexi, and entered the Wu further north. Nanlehuixi, Shenxi to the northwest, and Beiyangxi all flowed into the Longdi. To the east: Songming Pass. To the southeast: Dading Pass. To the southwest: Zhen'an and Xiyueping passes. To the north: Zhenyi Pass. Longquan County: rated busy and difficult. It lay 240 li northwest of the prefectural seat. Within the city: Fenghuang Mountain. To the south: Jiangjun Mountain. To the west: Suiyang. To the north: Jiweng Mountain. Longquan rose at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain; the county took its name from the spring. The Yangzi and Guanshi both rose west of the county, united and flowed east past Yiyang Mountain as the Yiyang River. Taking one stream on the right, it flowed east as the Qingjiang and entered Sinan. The Hongdu rose in the county's northwest hills and flowed northeast into Anhua. The Dashui also rose in the county's northwest; united with the Xiaoshui, it flowed east along the same course. To the east: Zhangjiaoba Pass. To the west: Pingshuikou and Huju passes. Piandao River garrison post. One native county assistant magistrate and one native chief clerk, both abolished.
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西 西 西 西 西 鹿 西 祿西 西 西 西 西 西 西
Liping Prefecture: rated busy, worn, and difficult. It was under the Eastern Guizhou Circuit. In the early Shunzhi period, following Ming institutions, it governed one county: Yongcong. In Yongzheng 3 (1725) the two Hunan guards Wukai and Tonggu were transferred to it. In Yongzheng 5 (1727) the two guards became Kaitai and Jinping counties, and Tianzhu County from Hunan's Jingzhou was also annexed. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) Guzhou Department was established. In Yongzheng 12 (1734) Tianzhu was reassigned to Zhenyuan Prefecture. In Qianlong 35 (1770) Xiajiang Department was established. In Daoguang 12 (1832) Jinping was demoted to a township and its land assigned to Kaitai. It lay 880 li northwest of the provincial capital. It measured 470 li across and 430 li from north to south. North polar altitude was 26°09′. Longitude west of the capital was 7°31′. It governed two departments and two counties. Within the city: Wulong Mountain, with Huanglong at its center. To the east: Taiping. To the south: Choujia. To the northwest: Baotang, with overlapping ridges. From north to south it stretched more than 100 li. One clerk at Hongzhou. It had a Liping garrison post. One native chief and one deputy chief each for the Hongzhou, Beitanxi, Ouyang, and Hu'er departments in the southeast. One native department chief each for Xinhua to the northeast, Guzhou to the west, and Longli, Zhonglin, Bazhou, and Liangzhai to the north. Also the Sanlang and Chixi Nandong departments, abolished. The subprefect and the Miao Affairs auditing registrar were posted at Guzhou. The subprefectural magistrate was posted at Xiajiang. The department clerk was posted at Hongzhou. Bolizhang Native Official Department. Kaitai County: rated busy and difficult. Seat-attached. To the east: Longjian and Dayan. To the northeast: Guabang. To the north: Longbiao, Chuying, Bazhou Mountain, and Chashan. To the southwest: Tongguantiezhai Mountain. The Qingshui entered from Qingjiang; the Wuxia united two streams and flowed northeast to join it. The Xinhua rose on Tianfu Mountain and also flowed northeast to join it before entering Tianzhu. The Yongcong Stream entered from Yongcong, flowed northeast as the Panlao, and entered Hunan's Jingzhou. To the east: Ningxi and Huangni passes. To the southeast: Yanwo Pass. One Jinping county assistant magistrate. It had a garrison post. One Langdong county assistant magistrate. Yongcong County: rated simple. It lay 60 li south of the prefectural seat. Behind the county seat: Feifeng Mountain. To the south: Shangxiapilin Mountain. To the southeast: Ludbei Mountain. To the southwest: Biaorui and Longtu Mountain. The Fulu's upper stream was the Guzhou; it entered from Xiajiang's southeast, passed south of Bingmei, and crossed into Huaiyuan in Guangxi. The Caoping also entered from Xiajiang's southeast, passed north of Bingmei, and flowed east into Huaiyuan. The Yongcong Stream had two sources in the county's south; they united and flowed north into Kaitai. Bingmei: one county assistant magistrate. It had Yongcong and Bingmei garrison posts. Guzhou Department: rated strategic. It lay 180 li west of the prefectural seat. The Guzhou regional commander and the Eastern Guizhou circuit intendant were posted there. To the east: Shuangfeng. To the west: Bifei and Baila Mountain. To the southwest: Shizi Mountain. The Dujiang entered from Dujiang as the Guzhou River, took the Cai on the left, and entered Xiajiang. The Rongjiang and Chejiang both rose north of the department, united to join it, then turned southeast into Xiajiang. The Langdong rose north of the department, flowed northeast into Kaitai, and joined the Wuxia. To the east: Yongzhen Pass. To the west: Guihua Pass. It had Wangling, Zhaihao, and Xiao Dujiang garrison posts. Xiajiang Department: rated strategic. It lay 180 li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south: Penglun Mountain. To the southwest: Yaji, Wudi, Wuluo, and Jiuqianli mountains, stretching for several hundred li. The Dujiang entered from Guzhou's southeast, passed south of the department, and entered Yongcong. The Dongjiang and Rongjiang entered together from Guzhou; downstream as the Caoping it flowed southeast into Yongcong. The Ruonu rose south of the department, flowed northeast to Shuangjiang Mouth; a brook came from the northeast to meet it, then it entered the Guzhou further northeast.
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西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西西 西 西 西使 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西
Dading Prefecture: rated strategic. It was formerly under the Western Guizhou Circuit. In Ming times it comprised the lands of the Guizhou Pacification Commission and Wusa Military-Civilian Prefecture. A vice commander was posted there. In Kangxi 3 (1664), after the pacification of Shuixi and Wusa, it was established at Dafang. In Kangxi 26 (1687) it was demoted to subprefecture and placed under Weining Prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it was restored to prefectural rank. It lay 330 li southeast of the provincial capital. It measured 585 li across and 660 li from north to south. North polar altitude was 27°04′. Longitude west of the capital was 10°55′. It governed one department, three subprefectures, and one county. To the east: Wansong, Huoyan, Fengshan, and Huangshan. To the west: Wulao Mountain. To the north: Daji. To the northeast: Jiulong. To the northwest: Shuangshan. The Wu entered from Bijie; the Shuzhong and Tongde both flowed north to join it; farther east the Lazhe united the waters of Dajiguan and other places and turned south to join it. The Wuxi united with the Shixi from the north and the Luolong from the south to join the Wu, then flowed east and branched into Pingyuan. The Chishui entered from Bijie, passed north of the prefectural seat, took the Yong'an brook, while the Woniu united the Youshan and other waters and flowed northeast into Qianxi. To the east: Laomeng Pass. To the south: Naji Pass. To the west: Shedong and Leju passes. To the north: Danong and Kejia passes. Cangshang and Wuxi garrison posts. Pingyuan Subprefecture: rated busy and difficult. It lay 80 li southeast of the prefectural seat. In Kangxi 3 (1664), after pacifying Shuixi and Wusa, a prefecture was established at Biliba. In Kangxi 22 (1683) it was demoted to subprefecture and placed under Dading. In Kangxi 26 (1687) it was transferred to Weining Prefecture. In Yongzheng 7 (1729) it was again placed under Dading. The Pingyuan Brigade vice commander was posted there. To the east: Xuanwu and Dongshan. To the south: Shizi and Fenghuang. To the west: Baiyan Mountain. To the north: Moxu Mountain. The Wu entered from south of the prefectural seat; the Gaojia and Buniu flowed northeast to join it. Flowing farther east it took the Yimai and entered Qianxi. To the west: the Mudu, also called the Yachi, entered from Shuicheng, took the Wuzhu, crossed into Anshun; the Beigu united with the Duoji and flowed south to join it; it again passed east of the city as the Bodu. United with the Niutang and other waters, it flowed north into Qianxi. To the east: Zhijin Pass. To the south: Fenghuang and Wangcheng passes. Qianxi Subprefecture: rated busy and difficult. It lay 220 li east of the prefectural seat. In Kangxi 3 (1664) a prefecture was established from Shuixi lands. In the twenty-second year it was demoted from prefecture to subprefecture and came under this prefecture. In the twenty-sixth year its jurisdiction was transferred to Weining. In the seventh year of Yongzheng it was again placed under this prefecture. Inside the city walls were Shizi Mountain and Niuyin Mountain. To the south: Shihu. To the north: Fenshuiling. To the east: Jinji Mountain. There was also the Shiwangxi Ravine, where sheer cliffs rose on every side and stockades ringed the heights. To the northwest: Baita Mountain, Shaoli Ravine, and Bila Great Ravine. The Luoge River, also known as the Liugui River, entered from the prefecture, and Pingxi Creek flowed south to join it. Farther east, the Yachi River entered from Pingyuan, then met the Bodu River and flowed east into Xiuwen as the southern source of the Wu River. The Yiji River rose in the northwest of the subprefecture and ran southwest, joining the Daguzhai Stream before turning northeast. The Wei River, united with the Wuqing River, came to meet it; the Sha River, united with the Gulou Stream and the Sanxianshen Stream, entered from the southeast, and all flowed on into Xiuwen. The Chishui River flowed northeast from the prefecture, crossed the subprefecture, and entered Yongning in Sichuan. To the west: Huazha Pass. Garrison posts were stationed at Shaxi, Shatu, Yougelan, Yachi, Xixi, Liuguang, and Huangsha. Weining Subprefecture: rated key. It lay three hundred eighty-three li west of the prefectural seat. In the third year of Kangxi a prefecture was established from the Wusa region. In the seventh year of Yongzheng the subprefecture was demoted and placed under this prefecture. The commander-in-chief of the Weining garrison was stationed here. To the east: Feifeng Mountain. To the northeast: Cuiping. To the west: Huolong and Mawo. To the north: Santai and Wumen. To the south: Shilong and Qianzhang Cliff. The Qixing River formed the upper reaches of the Wu River. Rising in the south of the subprefecture, it gathered the waters of Baxianhai and Cichuhai and flowed northeast past Qingshuitang into Bijie, then re-entered the subprefecture; the Pusa Sea joined it from the south and the Heizhang River from the north before it flowed east once more into Bijie. The Beipan River rose in the western mountains of the subprefecture; its two sources united and flowed south past Wazha Garrison, where its western branch became the Wazha River; farther south it crossed into Xuanwei in Yunnan and became the Kedu River. The Niulan River entered from Huize in Yunnan, united with the Nishu River, and flowed north into En'an in Yunnan. The Luze River rose in the northwest of the subprefecture, gathered several lesser streams, and flowed northeast into En'an as well. To the east: Shituo Pass and Meizi Pass. To the south: Yun Pass. To the north: Kedu Pass. To the northwest: Fenshuiling Pass. There was one Deshengpo patrol inspectorate with a garrison post, and two at Jiangbanpo. One Shuixi pacification commissioner; later abolished. Bijie: rated key, busy, and difficult. It lay one hundred li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had been the territory of Bijie Chishui Guard. It was established in the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi and placed under Weining Prefecture. In the seventh year of Yongzheng its administrative affiliation was changed. The Guixi Circuit had its seat here. It was abolished in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, converted to the Patrol Circuit, and the seat was moved to Guiyang. To the east: Muxi Mountain. To the south: Tuoying. To the west: Qixing. To the north: Shisun Mountain. To the northeast: Dongling Mountain, Xueshan, and Cengtai Mountain. The Wu River entered from Weining, also known as the Qixing River; it passed Wadian Garrison and re-entered the subprefecture, then flowed east again through the county, where the Di River entered from Zhenxiong in Yunnan, united with the Housuo River, and joined it from the south. Farther southeast it gathered two lesser streams and entered the prefecture. The Chishui River, also known as the Chihui River, entered from Zhenxiong in Yunnan, received the Shanmu River, and flowed into the prefecture. To the east: Muxi Pass. To the south: Luoxi Pass. To the west: Laoya Pass. Bichi Garrison. Shuicheng Department: rated key. It lay two hundred ninety li southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had been Shuixi territory. It was established in the tenth year of Yongzheng. To the east: Jiangjun and Yuxun Mountain. To the south: Malong. To the north: Qilin and Wenbi Mountain. The Bodu River, also called the Yachi River, rose west of the department at Yiqiehai, united with one stream, flowed northeast past the north of the city, then turned southeast as the Shuicheng River joined it from the northeast. It then received the Bawa River, Yigu Garrison Stream, Wuzhu River, and other waters before crossing into Langdai. The Beipan River entered from Xuanwei in Yunnan; the Layong River, united with the Taohua Stream from Weining, came to join it; from the north it received the eastern and western streams of Jieli Mountain and the Heisheng Garrison Stream; from the south it received the Mudong River and flowed into Panzhou. East of the subprefecture: Hou'er Pass. To the west: Kazi Pass. Garrison posts at Puca and Zhuchang.
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西 西 西 西 西西 西綿 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西西西 西 西 西沿 西 西 西 西 西 西
Xingyi Prefecture: rated key. It had formerly been under the Guixi Circuit. The commander-in-chief of the Anyi garrison was stationed here. At the beginning of Shunzhi, following Ming arrangements, it was the Anlong station. In the twenty-fifth year of Kangxi Nanlong Department was established and the Guiyang subprefectural judge was transferred to station there, while it still remained under the prefecture. In the fifth year of Yongzheng it was promoted to a prefecture. In the second year of Jiaqing it was renamed Xingyi. It lay five hundred eighty li northeast of the provincial seat. It measured seven hundred forty li across and five hundred five li from north to south. Its north polar altitude ranged from twenty-five degrees four minutes. It lay ten degrees fifty-five minutes west of the capital. It governed one department, one subprefecture, and three counties. To the east: Longjing Mountain, whence the Pearl Spring issued. General Mountain. To the west: Jiufeng Mountain. To the north: Yuping and Wanshou Mountain. To the south: the Hong River, that is, the Nanpan River, entered from Xingyi; the Duwei River flowed southwest to join it, then the river flowed east into Zhenfeng. The Beipan River flowed south from Zhenfeng, crossed into the prefecture, and then re-entered the subprefecture. The Lugou River rose in the north of the prefecture, received the Abang River on its left bank, then flowed east into Zhenfeng and joined the Beipan River. The Green Sea lay northeast of the prefectural city, where many streams gathered. To the south: Meizi Pass. Garrison posts were stationed at Mabian Field, Hama Pass, Gouchang, Kazi, and Elao. Zhenfeng Subprefecture: rated key. It lay one hundred twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. In the fifth year of Yongzheng, territory north of the Hongshui River in Xilong Subprefecture of Guangxi was detached to establish Yongfeng Subprefecture, placed under Nanlong Prefecture. In the second year of Jiaqing it was renamed Zhenfeng. The yamen backed onto Jun Mountain. To the east: Liuhe Mountain. To the north: Jiupan, Huajiang, and Yanshan. To the southwest: Longhe Mountain, stretching continuously for several tens of li. The Beipan River entered from Yongning; the Ninggu River also came from the subprefecture to join it; farther south it met the Yanxia River, crossed into the prefecture, still passed through the subprefecture, received the Lugou River and Green Sea on the left, and flowed south to meet the Nanpan River. The Nanpan River entered from the prefecture; the Bawo Stream joined it from the north; farther east it united with the Beipan River and flowed northeast into Luohu. To the east: Pocheng Ravine Pass. To the southwest: Zhedang Pass. To the north: Shi Pass. Ceheng native official: equal in rank to the subprefecture. Garrison posts at Dingtou, Gaokan, Wangmu, and Duyi. Pu'an: rated key and busy. It lay two hundred forty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had been the Xincheng and Xinxing two-thousand-household offices. It was established in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi and placed under Anshun Prefecture. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi the seat was moved to Xinxing. In the fifth year of Yongzheng its administrative affiliation was changed. To the east: Wulong and Zhiwu. To the south: Jiufeng Mountain. To the west: Bana Mountain. To the north: Luoma, Great and Little Jian Mountain, and Luomota Mountain. The Tuochang River entered from Panzhou; three lesser streams united and joined it, then it flowed northeast into Yongning. The Shenxi River rose in the south of the county; on the right it united with the Axi River and on the left with the Mulang River, then flowed southeast into Xingyi and joined the Mabie River. The Mojiao River entered from Panzhou, united with one lesser stream, flowed southwest, and entered Pingyi in Yunnan. To the northwest: Jiangu Pass. To the north: Bajiao Pass. Two courier stations: Guanziyao and Yangsong. A courier station director had formerly been established; later abolished. Xincheng: one county assistant magistrate. The native subprefectural adjunct was abolished. Annan: rated key and busy. It lay two hundred forty li north of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it had been Annan Guard. It was established in the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi and placed under Anshun Prefecture. In the fifth year of Yongzheng its administrative affiliation was changed. Inside the city walls: Tianma Mountain. To the east: Pan River. To the west: Qinglong and Baiji Mountain. To the northwest: Weisa Mountain. Northwest: the Maokou River, the upper source of the Beipan River, entered from Panzhou and flowed southeast into Langdai. To the west: the Xining and Xipo Rivers; to the north: the Jiameng River; all flowed downstream into the Pan River. To the south: the Balin River flowed north past Pu'an; east of the city it became the Dazhang River; downstream it united with the Ali River and joined the Beipan River. To the east: Panjiang Pass and Haima Pass. To the west: Wuming Pass. To the south: Laoya Pass. Eleven Pan River forts, built during the Tianqi reign of the Ming. One courier station: Liedang. A courier station director had formerly been established; later abolished. Garrison posts at Adu and Liaoji. Xingyi: rated key. It lay eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. In the fifth year of Yongzheng a subprefectural judge was established at Huangcaoba and placed under Pu'an Subprefecture. It was abolished in the third year of Jiaqing and a county established in its place under the prefecture. In the fourteenth year its jurisdiction was changed to the directly administered Pu'an Subprefecture. In the sixteenth year it again came under this prefecture. To the south: Bijia. To the east: Baima. To the north: Shizi and Ma'an Mountain. To the south: the upper source of the Pan River was called the Bada River; it entered from Luoping in Yunnan, passed southwest of the city, and flowed northeast along the border; the Jiulong River also entered from Luoping and united with the Shangjiang Stream; farther east it received the Zhongjiang and Xiajiang streams, passed south of the city, and the Mabie River flowed south from Pu'an to join it before flowing east into the prefecture. One Bangzha patrol inspector. One Yizikong courier station director. Panzhou Department: rated key. It lay three hundred li west of the prefectural seat. At the beginning of Shunzhi, following the Ming Pu'an Subprefecture, it was placed under Anshun Prefecture. In the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi Pu'an Guard was merged into the subprefecture. In the fifth year of Yongzheng its administrative affiliation was changed. In the fourteenth year of Jiaqing it was promoted to a directly administered subprefecture. In the sixteenth year it was changed to a directly administered department. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu it was renamed, reduced to a department, and still remained under the prefecture. To the south: Yilan Mountain, the boundary between Yunnan and Guizhou. To the west: Hei Mountain, with a pool on its summit. To the north: Guangwu Mountain, whose summit held nine springs that gathered into a great pool. To the southwest: Dangbi Mountain. The Pan River entered from Shuicheng, received the Luomota River, flowed southeast, and entered Langdai. The Tuochang River issued from Pingyi in the southwest of the department and flowed north; one stream came from Haizi Post to meet it; at Ruanqiao Station it united with several lesser streams and entered Pu'an. The Zhuchang River rose in the north of the department, turned east and united with two streams, then flowed east into Pu'an and joined the Tuochang River. The Mojiao River rose in the southwest of the department and also entered Pu'an. To the south: Daomu Pass. To the west: Fenshuiling Pass. To the southeast: Anlong Ravine Pass. One courier station: Shanmen. Garrison posts at Shangshe, Baisha, and Liuguan.
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西 西 西 西西 西西 西 西
Songtao Directly Administered Department: rated key, busy, worn-out, and difficult. It was under the Guidong Circuit. A brigade commander was stationed here. Under the Ming it had been Red Miao territory. In the forty-third year of Kangxi the Red Miao were pacified; Zhengda Camp was established and a subprefect appointed, placed under Tongren Prefecture. In the eighth year of Yongzheng Songtao was pacified; a department was established and the subprefect transferred to station there. In the second year of Jiaqing it was promoted to a directly administered department, augmented by the Pingtou and Wuluo native chieftain territories formerly under Tongren Prefecture. It lay eight hundred forty-five li southwest of the provincial seat. It measured two hundred eighty li across and two hundred twenty li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was twenty-eight degrees eight minutes. It lay seven degrees thirty-three minutes west of the capital. Inside the city walls: Liaogao Mountain. To the east: Qixing Mountain. To the north: Qiuluo. To the south: Shizi. To the northwest: Longding Mountain. The Wuxi issued west of the department as the southwestern source of the Youshui; two streams united and flowed east, then north into Xiushan in Sichuan. The Tuojiang issued south of the department and flowed east into Fenghuang Department in Hunan. The Siqiong River issued west of the department; two streams united and flowed west into Yinjiang. To the west: Pingtou Pass and Yemao Pass. Garrison posts at Panshi, Huguo, Mushu, Bamiao, and Shixian. To the west: one office headman each for Wuluo and Pingtou.
17
西 西 西 西西西 西 西西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 西 簿
Pingyue Directly Administered Subprefecture: rated key, busy, and difficult. It had formerly been under the Grain Storage Circuit. At the beginning of Shunzhi, following the Ming, it was a military-civilian prefecture. In the eleventh year of Kangxi Pingyue Guard was changed to a county attached to the prefectural seat. In the twenty-sixth year the word "military-civilian" was dropped from the title. In the third year of Jiaqing it was reduced to a directly administered subprefecture and Pingyue County was abolished. It lay one hundred ninety li southwest of the provincial seat. It measured one hundred eighty li across and three hundred thirty li from north to south. Its north polar altitude was twenty-six degrees thirty-eight minutes. It lay nine degrees five minutes west of the capital. It governed three counties. Inside the city walls: Fuquan Mountain. To the east: Li'e Mountain. To the southeast: Diecui Mountain, whose peaks pierced the sky with Old Man Peak at the center. To the west: Wengmai, Yang Mountain, and Shanmu Ravine Mountain, with lofty, steep peaks and ridges. The Zhuliang River formed the northern source of the Qingshui River; it rose in the northwest of the subprefecture, gathered several streams, and passed Huangsi Station; the Fucheng Stream, Kalong River, and Yangchang River from the northwest and southwest all joined it before it flowed east into Qingping. The Baishui River, also called the Xie River, rose in the northwest of the subprefecture, flowed south past Niuchang, received two joining streams, and entered the Zhuliang River. To the east: Yangchang Pass. To the south: Wusheng Pass. To the north: Qixing Pass. Three courier stations: Youyang, Huangsi, and Yanglao. Three garrison posts: Youyang, Yanglao, and Datie Pass. To the west: Yangyi Office; to the northwest: one office headman each for Gaoping and Zhongping. Weng'an: rated difficult. It lay sixty li north of the subprefecture. To the east: Bijia Mountain and Dou'ao Mountain. To the west: Xianqiao and Baile. To the north: Jiufeng and Yuhua Peak. The Wu River entered from Kaizhou and passed north of the city; the Xiang River joined it from the south out of Zunyi; farther east the Weng'an River, Pingqiao River, Hongtoupu River, and Caotang Office River flowed northeast to join it; the Meitan River also joined from the south out of Zunyi, and the river flowed east into Yuqing. To the southeast: Lanjia Pass. To the west: Huangtan Pass. Northwest: Wengshui; northeast: Caotang; one native subprefect magistrate. Meitan: rated busy, worn-out, and difficult. It lay three hundred thirty li north of the subprefecture. Inside the city walls: Yuping Mountain. To the west: Manao. To the north: Juexian. To the south: Xiangshan and Niuxing Mountain. The Meitan River had two sources; they entered from the Great and Little Banjiao passes, united and flowed south; at the north of the city many lesser streams gathered; it flowed southwest through Zunyi into Weng'an and joined the Wu River. To the north: the Tuxi River entered from Zheng'an; at Laomu'ao it united with the Qinglong Stream, entered Wuzhou, and joined the Fengle River. To the east: Xiluo Pass. To the northwest: Banjiao Pass. To the north: Qinglong Pass. Yuqing: rated simple. It lay one hundred forty li northeast of the subprefecture. To the south: Zhonghua and Gongchen. To the west: Jiulong Mountain. To the north: Mengtan Mountain and Niutang Mountain. The Wu River entered from Weng'an; the Yuqing Office Stream flowed south to join it. After entering from Weng'an the river received the Xiaojiang and Zhuchang rivers and flowed northeast; the Niuchang River, also called the Baini River, received Xincun Stream and also flowed northeast to join it, then continued northeast into Shiqian. To the south: Tou Pass. To the west: Zhong Pass. To the northwest: one Yuqing native subprefect magistrate. To the northeast: one Baitu native registrar.
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