1
志八十
Treatise 80
2
輿服四鹵簿附
Carriages and Dress 4, with Supplement on Halberd Guards
3
皇帝鹵簿太上皇鹵簿皇太子儀衛皇后儀駕太皇太后儀駕皇太后儀駕
The Emperor's Halberd Guard; the Retired Emperor's Halberd Guard; the Crown Prince's Ceremonial Guard; the Empress's Ceremonial Escort; the Grand Empress Dowager's Ceremonial Escort; the Empress Dowager's Ceremonial Escort
4
皇貴妃以下儀仗采仗親王以下儀衛固倫公主以下儀衛
Ceremonial regalia and colored staffs for imperial noble consorts and below; ceremonial guards for princes and below; ceremonial guards for imperial princesses of the first rank and below
5
額駙儀衛職官儀衛
Ceremonial Guards for Imperial Sons-in-Law; Ceremonial Guards for Officials
6
清自太宗天聰六年定儀仗之制,凡國中往來,御前旗三對,傘二柄,校尉六人,其制甚簡。 自天聰十年改元崇德,始定御仗數目及品官儀從。 迨世祖入關定鼎,參稽往制,量加增飾。 原定皇帝儀衛有大駕鹵簿、行駕儀仗、行幸儀仗之別,乾隆十三年,復就原定器數增改釐訂,遂更大駕鹵簿為法駕鹵簿,行駕儀仗為鑾駕鹵簿,行幸儀仗為騎駕鹵簿。 三者合,則為大駕鹵簿。 而凡皇后儀駕、妃嬪儀仗采仗以及親王以下儀衛,均視原定加詳。 茲依乾隆朝所定者標目,而以原定器數及崇德初年所定者附見於後。 又太上皇鹵簿、皇太子儀衛,皆一時之制,非同常設,亦並著於篇。 庶考因革者,得以沿流溯源,詳稽一代之制焉。
Under Taizong, in the sixth year of Tiancong, the Qing first set regulations for ceremonial regalia. For journeys within the realm the emperor was preceded by three pairs of imperial flags, two umbrellas, and six guardsmen—a notably spare establishment. In the tenth year of Tiancong, when the reign title was changed to Chongde, the court first fixed how many pieces of imperial regalia there should be and what ceremonial retinues ranked officials might use. After the Shizu emperor entered the passes and established the dynasty at its new capital, he consulted earlier regulations and added further ornamentation in due measure. Under the original regulations the emperor's ceremonial guard was divided into the Grand Imperial halberd guard, traveling imperial regalia, and regalia for imperial progresses. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong the court again revised the originally fixed inventories of equipment and renamed them: the Grand Imperial halberd guard became the Statutory Imperial halberd guard, traveling imperial regalia became the Imperial Palanquin halberd guard, and regalia for imperial progresses became the Mounted Imperial halberd guard. Combined, the three constituted the Grand Imperial halberd guard. The empress's ceremonial escort, the ceremonial regalia and colored staffs of consorts, and the ceremonial guards of princes and below were all elaborated beyond the original regulations. The headings below follow the Qianlong regulations, with the originally fixed inventories and the early Chongde provisions appended afterward. The retired emperor's halberd guard and the crown prince's ceremonial guard were likewise included, though both were temporary arrangements rather than standing institutions. Readers tracing institutional change may thus follow the stream to its source and examine in detail how the dynasty's ceremonial system took shape.
7
皇帝大駕鹵簿,圜丘、祈穀、常雩三大祀用之。 大閱時詣行宮,禮成還宮,亦用之。 其制,前列導象四,次寶象五,次靜鞭四。 次前部大樂,其器大銅角四,小銅角四,金口角四。 次革輅駕馬四,木輅駕馬六,象輅駕馬八,金輅駕象一,玉輅駕象一。 次鐃歌樂,鐃歌鼓吹與行幸樂並設,名鐃歌樂。 其器金二,銅鼓四,銅鈸二,扁鼓二,銅點二,龍篴二,平篴二,雲鑼二,管二,笙二,金口角八,大銅角十六,小銅角十六,蒙古角二,金鉦四,畫角二十四,龍鼓二十四,龍篴十二,拍板四,仗鼓四,金四,龍鼓二十四,間以紅鐙六。 次引仗六,御仗十六,吾仗十六,立瓜、臥瓜各十六,星、鉞各十六,出警、入蹕旗各一,五色金龍小旗四十,次翠華旗二,金鼓旗二,門旗八,日、月旗各一,五雲旗五,五雷旗五,八風旗八,甘雨旗四,列宿旗二十八,五星旗五,五嶽旗五,四瀆旗四,神武、硃雀、青龍、白虎旗各一,天馬、天鹿、辟邪、犀牛、赤熊、黃羆、白澤、角端、游麟、彩獅、振鷺、鳴鳶、赤烏、華蟲、黃鵠、白雉、雲鶴、孔雀、儀鳳、翔鸞旗各一。 五色龍纛四十,前鋒纛八,護軍纛八,驍騎纛二十四。 次黃麾四,儀鍠氅四,金節四,進善納言、敷文振武、褒功懷遠、行慶施惠、明刑弼教、教孝表節旌各二。 龍頭幡四,豹尾幡四,絳引幡四,信幡四。 羽葆幢四,霓幢四,紫幢四,長壽幢四。 次鸞鳳赤方扇八,雉尾扇八,孔雀扇八,單龍赤團扇八,單龍黃團扇八,雙龍赤團扇八,雙龍黃團扇八,赤滿單龍團扇六,黃滿雙龍團扇六,壽字黃扇八。 次赤素方傘四,紫素方傘四,五色花傘十,五色壯緞傘十,間以五色九龍團傘十。 次九龍黃蓋二十,紫芝蓋二,翠華蓋二,九龍曲柄黃蓋四。 次戟四,殳四,豹尾槍三十,弓矢三十,儀刀三十。 次仗馬十。 次金方几一,金交椅一,金瓶二,金盥盤一,金盂一,金盒二,金爐二,拂二。 次九龍曲柄黃蓋一。 前引佩刀大臣十人,提爐二,玉輦在中。 後扈佩刀大臣二人,豹尾班執槍佩儀刀侍衛各十人,佩弓矢侍衛二十人,領侍衛內大臣一人,侍衛班領二人。 後管宗人府王、公二人,散秩大臣一人,前鋒護軍統領一人,給事中、御史二人,各部郎中、員外郎四人,侍衛班領一人,署侍衛班領一人,侍衛什長二人。 次黃龍大纛二,領侍衛內大臣一人,司纛侍衛什長二人,建纛親軍四人,鳴佩螺親軍六人。 太宗崇德元年,備大駕鹵簿,玉璽四顆。 黃傘五,團扇二。 纛十,旗十。 大刀六,戟六。 立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵各二,吾仗六。 馬十。 金椅、金杌、香盒、香爐、金水盆、金唾壺、金瓶、樂器全設。 嗣復定儀仗數目,用金漆椅一,金漆杌一,蠅拂四,金唾盂一,金壺一,金瓶、金盆各一,香爐、香盒各二。 曲柄傘一,直柄傘四,扇二,節四。 骨朵二,立瓜、臥瓜各二,吾仗六,紅仗四。 鑼二,鼓二,畫角四,簫二,笙二,架鼓四,橫笛二,龍頭橫笛二,檀板二,小銅鈸四,小銅鑼二,大銅鑼四,雲鑼二,鎖吶四。 世祖入關,一仍舊制。 迨順治三年以後,更定皇帝鹵簿,有大駕鹵簿、行駕儀仗、行幸儀仗之別。 大駕鹵簿之制,曲柄九,龍傘四,直柄九龍傘十六,直柄瑞草傘六,直柄花傘六,方傘八。 大刀二十,弓矢二十,豹尾槍二十,龍頭方天戟四。 黃麾二,絳引幡四,信幡、傳教幡、告止幡、政平訟理幡各四,儀鍠氅八,羽葆幢四,青龍、白虎、硃雀、神武幢各一,豹尾幡、龍頭竿幡各四。 金節四。 銷金龍纛、銷金龍小旗各二十。 金鉞六。 馬十。 鸞鳳扇八,單龍扇十二,雙龍扇二十。 拂子二,紅鐙六,金香爐、金瓶、金香盒各二,金唾壺、金盆、金杌、金交椅、金腳踏各一。 御仗六,星六。 篦頭八。 棕薦三十。 靜鞭三十。 品級山七十二。 肅靜旗、金鼓旗、白澤旗各二,門旗八,日、月、風、雲、雷、雨旗各一,五緯旗五,二十八宿旗各一,北斗旗一,五嶽旗五,四瀆旗四,青龍、白虎、硃雀、神武、天鹿、天馬、鸞麟、熊羆旗各一。 立瓜、臥瓜、吾仗各六。 畫角二十四,鼓四十八,大銅號、小銅號各八,金、金鉦、仗鼓各四,龍頭笛十二,板四串。 凡郊祀大典,萬壽、元旦、冬至三大朝會及諸典禮皆用之。
The Emperor's Grand Imperial halberd guard was employed for the three great sacrifices at the Circular Mound, for prayer for grain, and for the regular rain sacrifice. It was also used when the emperor went to the traveling palace for a grand military review and when he returned to the palace after the rites were concluded. Its order of march placed four guide elephants in the van, followed by five treasure elephants and four silent whips. Next came the front-section grand music, with four large bronze horns, four small bronze horns, and four gilt bronze mouth-horns. Next came the five ceremonial chariots: the leather chariot with four horses, the wooden chariot with six, the elephant chariot with eight, the gold chariot with one elephant, and the jade chariot with one elephant. Next came naoge music—the naoge drum-and-blow ensemble and progress music were deployed together under that single name. Its instruments comprised two gongs, four bronze drums, two bronze cymbals, two flat drums, two bronze clappers, two dragon flutes, two level flutes, two cloud gongs, two pipes, two sheng, eight gilt bronze mouth-horns, sixteen large and sixteen small bronze horns, two Mongol horns, four gilt cymbals, twenty-four painted horns, twenty-four dragon drums, twelve dragon flutes, four clappers, four guard drums, four additional gongs, another twenty-four dragon drums, and six red lanterns interspersed among them. Next came six guide staffs, sixteen imperial staffs, sixteen wu staffs, sixteen standing-melon and sixteen reclining-melon emblems, sixteen star-maces and sixteen battle-axes, one exit-guard flag and one enter-forbidden-zone flag, and forty small five-colored golden-dragon flags; then two emerald-splendor flags, two golden-drum flags, eight gate flags, the sun and moon flags, five five-cloud flags, five five-thunder flags, eight eight-wind flags, four sweet-rain flags, twenty-eight constellation flags, five planetary flags, five sacred-mountain flags, four great-river flags, the Divine Martial, Vermilion Bird, Azure Dragon, and White Tiger flags, and one each of the heavenly horse, heavenly deer, ward-off-evil, rhinoceros, red bear, yellow bear, white marsh-beast, horned tip, roaming qilin, colored lion, vibrating egret, crying kite, red crow, patterned insect, yellow swan-goose, white pheasant, cloud crane, peacock, ceremonial phoenix, and soaring luan flags. Forty five-colored dragon banners followed, with eight vanguard banners, eight guard-army banners, and twenty-four bold-cavalry banners. Next came four yellow command banners, four ceremonial gong-canopies, four golden staffs of office, and two each of the banners bearing the slogans for receiving good counsel, spreading culture and invigorating arms, praising merit and cherishing the distant, bestowing celebration and extending grace, clarifying punishments and assisting instruction, and teaching filial piety and displaying integrity. Four dragon-head banners, four leopard-tail banners, four crimson guide banners, and four trust banners followed. Four feather-canopy banners, four rainbow banners, four purple banners, and four longevity banners came next. Next came eight square luan-phoenix red fans, eight pheasant-tail fans, eight peacock fans, eight single-dragon red round fans, eight single-dragon yellow round fans, eight double-dragon red round fans, eight double-dragon yellow round fans, six red full single-dragon round fans, six yellow full double-dragon round fans, and eight yellow fans emblazoned with the character for longevity. Next came four plain red square umbrellas, four plain purple square umbrellas, ten five-colored floral umbrellas, ten five-colored brocade umbrellas, and ten five-colored nine-dragon round umbrellas interspersed among them. Next came twenty yellow nine-dragon canopies, two purple lingzhi canopies, two emerald-splendor canopies, and four curved-handle yellow nine-dragon canopies. Next came four halberds, four ceremonial staffs, thirty leopard-tail spears, thirty bows and arrows, and thirty ceremonial swords. Next came ten ceremonial horses. Next came one square golden table, one golden armchair, two golden vases, one golden wash-basin, one golden bowl, two golden boxes, two golden censers, and two fly-whisks. Next came one curved-handle yellow nine-dragon canopy. Ten sword-bearing ministers led in front, two attendants carried censers, and the jade imperial carriage rode at the center. Two sword-bearing ministers brought up the rear; the leopard-tail company comprised ten guards with spears and ten with ceremonial swords, while twenty guards bore bows and arrows; a chief grand guard of the inner service and two guard company leaders completed the escort. Behind them followed two princes and dukes from the Imperial Clan Court, a minister without regular portfolio, the commander of vanguard and guard armies, two supervising secretaries and censors, four department directors and vice directors, a guard company leader, an acting guard company leader, and two guard squad chiefs. The procession closed with two great yellow-dragon banners, attended by a chief grand guard of the inner service, two guard squad chiefs in charge of banners, four personal guards who raised the banners, and six personal guards who sounded conch shells. In Taizong's first Chongde year the court prepared the Grand Imperial halberd guard, including four jade seals. There were five yellow umbrellas and two round fans. Ten great banners and ten flags were provided. Six great swords and six halberds were included. Two each of standing-melon, reclining-melon, and mace emblems, plus six wu staffs. Ten ceremonial horses were provided. A golden chair, golden stool, incense box, incense burner, golden water basin, golden spittoon, golden vase, and the full complement of musical instruments were all provided. The court later revised the inventory again: one gilt chair, one gilt stool, four fly-whisks, one golden spittoon-bowl, one golden ewer, one golden vase, one golden basin, and two each of incense burners and incense boxes. One curved-handle umbrella, four straight-handle umbrellas, two fans, and four staffs of office were specified. Two maces, two each of standing-melon and reclining-melon emblems, six wu staffs, and four red staffs were added. Musical equipment comprised two gongs, two drums, four painted horns, two xiao, two sheng, four frame drums, two transverse flutes, two dragon-head transverse flutes, two clapper boards, four small bronze cymbals, two small bronze gongs, four large bronze gongs, two cloud gongs, and four suona. When the Shizu emperor entered the passes, the court kept the old system unchanged. From the third year of Shunzhi onward the emperor's halberd guard was reorganized into the Grand Imperial halberd guard, traveling imperial regalia, and regalia for imperial progresses. Under the Grand Imperial halberd guard there were nine curved-handle canopies, four dragon umbrellas, sixteen straight-handle nine-dragon umbrellas, six straight-handle auspicious-grass umbrellas, six straight-handle floral umbrellas, and eight square umbrellas. Twenty great swords, twenty bows and arrows, twenty leopard-tail spears, and four dragon-head square-heaven halberds were specified. Two yellow command banners, four crimson guide banners, four each of the trust, teaching, stop-proclamation, and government-in-order banners, eight ceremonial gong-canopies, four feather-canopy banners, the Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird, and Divine Martial banners, and four each of leopard-tail and dragon-pole banners were included. Four golden staffs of office were provided. Twenty gilded-dragon great banners and twenty gilded-dragon small flags were specified. Six golden battle-axes were included. Ten ceremonial horses were provided. Eight luan-phoenix fans, twelve single-dragon fans, and twenty double-dragon fans were specified. Two fly-whisks, six red lanterns, two each of golden incense burners, vases, and incense boxes, and one each of golden spittoon, basin, stool, armchair, and footrest were provided. Six imperial staffs and six star-emblems were included. Eight comb-head emblems were specified. Thirty palm-fiber mats were provided. Thirty silent whips were included. Seventy-two rank-indicator screens were deployed. Two each of the silence, golden-drum, and white marsh-beast flags were set out, with eight gate flags, the sun, moon, wind, cloud, thunder, and rain flags, five planetary flags, the twenty-eight constellation flags, one Big Dipper flag, five sacred-mountain flags, four great-river flags, and the Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird, Divine Martial, heavenly deer, heavenly horse, luan-qilin, and bear flags. Six each of standing-melon, reclining-melon, and wu staffs were provided. Musical equipment comprised twenty-four painted horns, forty-eight drums, eight large and eight small bronze horns, four each of gongs, gilt cymbals, and guard drums, twelve dragon-head flutes, and four strings of clappers. It was employed for suburban sacrifice grand ceremonies, the three great court assemblies of Longevity, New Year's Day, and Winter Solstice, and all other state rituals.
8
法駕鹵簿,與大駕鹵簿同,惟彼用鐃歌樂,此則用鐃歌鼓吹。 其器大銅角八,小銅角八,金鉦四,畫角二十四,龍鼓二十四,龍篴十二,拍板四,仗鼓四,金二,龍鼓二十四,間以紅鐙六,視鐃歌樂為減。 又御仗、吾仗、立瓜、臥瓜、星、鉞皆各六,五色金龍小旗二十,五色龍纛二十,九龍黃蓋十,豹尾槍二十,弓矢二十,儀刀二十,佩弓矢侍衛十人,其赤滿單龍團扇、黃滿雙龍團扇及五色庄緞傘皆不設,亦均較大駕為減。 又玉輦改設金輦,餘均與大駕鹵簿同。 凡祭方澤、太廟、社稷、日月、先農各壇,歷代帝王、先師各廟,則陳之。 若遇慶典朝賀,則陳於太和殿庭。 其制,九龍曲柄黃華蓋設於太和殿門外正中,次拂、爐、盒、盂、盤、瓶、椅、幾在殿檐東、西。 次儀刀、弓矢、豹尾槍親軍、護軍相間為十班,暨殳戟,均在丹陛東、西。 次九龍曲柄黃蓋、翠華蓋、紫芝蓋、九龍黃蓋、五色九龍傘、五色花傘,自丹陛三成,相間達於兩階。 階下靜鞭、仗馬列甬道東、西。 紫、赤方傘、扇,幢、幡、旌、節、氅、麾、纛、旗、鉞、星、瓜、仗,列丹墀東、西。 玉輦、金輦在太和門外,五輅在午門外,寶象在五輅之南,鹵簿樂即鐃歌鼓吹。 在寶象之南,朝象即導象。 在天安門外。 若於圓明園行慶賀禮,則陳於正大光明殿階下,至大宮門外,惟輦輅儀象不設。 若御樓受俘,則設九龍曲柄黃華蓋於樓檐下,設丹陛鹵簿於午門外左右兩觀下,設丹墀鹵簿於闕左右門至端門北,設仗馬於兩角樓前,設輦輅儀象於天安門外,設靜鞭於兩角樓夾御道左右,設金鼓鐃歌大樂鐃歌鼓吹與前部大樂並列,曰金鼓鐃歌大樂。 於午門前。 設丹陛大樂於鹵簿之末,其器雲鑼二,方響二,簫二,篴四,頭管四,笙四,大鼓二,仗鼓一,拍板一。
The Statutory Imperial halberd guard matched the Grand Imperial guard in most respects, but where the Grand Imperial array used naoge music, the Statutory array used naoge drum-and-blow. Its instruments comprised eight large and eight small bronze horns, four gilt cymbals, twenty-four painted horns, twenty-four dragon drums, twelve dragon flutes, four clappers, four guard drums, two gongs, another twenty-four dragon drums, and six red lanterns interspersed among them—a lighter ensemble than full naoge music. Imperial staffs, wu staffs, standing-melon and reclining-melon emblems, star-maces, and battle-axes were limited to six each; there were twenty small five-colored golden-dragon flags, twenty five-colored dragon banners, ten yellow nine-dragon canopies, twenty leopard-tail spears, twenty bows and arrows, twenty ceremonial swords, and ten guards bearing bows and arrows. The red full single-dragon round fans, yellow full double-dragon round fans, and five-colored brocade umbrellas were omitted—every category reduced from the Grand Imperial establishment. The jade imperial carriage was replaced by the gold carriage; otherwise the array matched the Grand Imperial halberd guard. It was deployed for sacrifices at the Square Mound, the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the altars of soil and grain, sun and moon, and the First Farmer, and at the temples of successive emperors and the First Teacher. For celebratory court congratulations it was arrayed in the courtyard of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. The curved-handle yellow nine-dragon splendor canopy stood at the center outside the Hall of Supreme Harmony, with fly-whisks, censers, boxes, bowls, basins, vases, chairs, and tables arranged east and west beneath the eaves. Ceremonial swords, bows and arrows, and leopard-tail spears were alternated in ten companies of personal and guard troops, with ceremonial staffs and halberds, all arrayed east and west on the red steps. Curved-handle yellow nine-dragon canopies, emerald-splendor canopies, purple lingzhi canopies, yellow nine-dragon canopies, five-colored nine-dragon umbrellas, and five-colored floral umbrellas were alternately arrayed from the third tier of the red steps down to the lower flights. Silent whips and ceremonial horses lined the central passage east and west below the steps. Purple and red square umbrellas, fans, banners, pennants, flags, staffs of office, canopies, command banners, great banners, battle-axes, star-emblems, melon emblems, and ceremonial staffs were arrayed east and west on the red courtyard pavement. The jade and gold imperial carriages stood outside the Gate of Supreme Harmony, the five ceremonial chariots outside the Meridian Gate, and treasure elephants south of the chariots, with naoge drum-and-blow as the halberd-guard music. South of the treasure elephants stood the court elephants, which served as guide elephants. These were stationed outside the Gate of Heavenly Peace. When celebratory rites were held at the Old Summer Palace, the array ran from below the Hall of Imperial Splendor to the Great Palace Gate, though imperial carriages, chariots, and ceremonial elephants were omitted. When the emperor received captives from the tower, the curved-handle yellow nine-dragon splendor canopy was placed beneath the eaves; red-step halberd guards beneath the watch-towers outside the Meridian Gate; red-courtyard halberd guards from the gate-towers to the End Gate; ceremonial horses before the corner towers; carriages, chariots, and elephants outside the Gate of Heavenly Peace; silent whips flanking the imperial roadway between the corner towers; and golden-drum naoge grand music, naoge drum-and-blow, and front-section grand music arrayed together as golden-drum naoge grand music. This ensemble stood before the Meridian Gate. Red-step grand music closed the halberd-guard array, with two cloud gongs, two square chimes, two xiao, four di, four lead pipes, four sheng, two large drums, one guard drum, and one clapper.
9
鑾駕鹵簿,行幸於皇城則陳之。 其制,前列導迎樂,先以戲竹二,次管六,篴四,笙二,雲鑼二,導迎鼓一,拍板一。 次御仗四,吾仗四,立瓜、臥瓜、星、鉞各四,次五色金龍小旗十,五色龍纛十。 次雙龍黃團扇十,黃九龍傘十。 次九龍曲柄黃華蓋一。 皆在皇帝步輦前。 次前引佩刀大臣十人,後扈佩刀大臣二人,步輦在中,次豹尾班侍衛執槍十人,佩儀刀十人,佩弓矢十人,殿以黃龍大纛。 原定行駕儀仗,銷金九龍傘十,銷金龍纛十,銷金龍小旗十,雙龍扇十。 金鉞四,星四,御仗四,吾仗四,立瓜、臥瓜各四。 凡車駕出入,執事人馬上排列。
The Imperial Palanquin halberd guard was deployed when the emperor traveled within the Imperial City. It opened with guide-and-welcome music: two theatrical bamboo clappers, then six pipes, four di, two sheng, two cloud gongs, one guide-and-welcome drum, and one clapper. Next came four imperial staffs, four wu staffs, four each of standing-melon, reclining-melon, star-maces, and battle-axes, then ten small five-colored golden-dragon flags and ten five-colored dragon banners. Ten double-dragon yellow round fans and ten yellow nine-dragon umbrellas followed. One curved-handle yellow nine-dragon splendor canopy came next. All of these preceded the emperor's walking palanquin. Ten sword-bearing ministers led in front and two brought up the rear, with the walking palanquin at the center; the leopard-tail company comprised ten guards with spears, ten with ceremonial swords, and ten with bows and arrows, closed by the great yellow-dragon banner. The original traveling imperial regalia comprised ten gilded nine-dragon umbrellas, ten gilded dragon banners, ten gilded dragon small flags, and ten double-dragon fans. Four golden battle-axes, four star-emblems, four imperial staffs, four wu staffs, and four each of standing-melon and reclining-melon emblems were specified. Whenever the imperial carriage entered or left, attendants were arrayed on horseback.
10
騎駕鹵簿,巡方若大閱則陳之。 其制,前列鐃歌大樂。 間以鐃歌清樂,器用大銅角八,小銅角八,金口角八,雲鑼二,龍篴二,平篴二,管二,笙二,銅鼓四,金二,銅點二,銅鈸二,行鼓二,蒙古角二。 次御仗六,吾仗六,立瓜、臥瓜、星、鉞各六。 次五色金龍小旗十,五色龍纛十。 次單龍赤團扇六,雙龍黃團扇六,五色花傘十。 次豹尾槍十,弓矢十,儀刀十。 次九龍曲柄黃華蓋一。 皆在皇帝輕步輿前,若乘馬則在馬前。 次前引佩刀大臣十人,後扈佩刀大臣二人,輕步輿在中。 次豹尾班侍衛執槍十人,佩儀刀十人,佩弓矢十人,殿以黃龍大纛。 駐蹕御營,朝陳蒙古角,夕陳鐃歌樂。 大閱則陳鹵簿於行宮門外。 原定行幸儀仗,庄緞傘十,銷金龍纛十,銷金龍小旗十。 雙龍扇六,單龍扇四。 豹尾槍十,大刀十,弓矢十。 金鉞六,星六,御仗、吾仗、立瓜、臥瓜各六。 金二,笙二,雲鑼二,管二,篴四,金鉦四,銅鈸四,鼓二,鎖吶八,銅點二,小號、大號各八,蒙古號六。 凡車駕行幸,執事人步行排列。
The Mounted Imperial halberd guard was deployed for imperial tours and grand military reviews. It opened with naoge grand music at the head of the column. Naoge clear music was interspersed among them, with eight large and eight small bronze horns, eight gilt bronze mouth-horns, two cloud gongs, two dragon flutes, two level flutes, two pipes, two sheng, four bronze drums, two gongs, two bronze clappers, two bronze cymbals, two marching drums, and two Mongol horns. Next came six imperial staffs, six wu staffs, and six each of standing-melon, reclining-melon, star-maces, and battle-axes. Next came ten small five-colored golden-dragon flags and ten five-colored dragon banners. Six single-dragon red round fans, six double-dragon yellow round fans, and ten five-colored floral umbrellas followed. Next came ten leopard-tail spears, ten bows and arrows, and ten ceremonial swords. One curved-handle yellow nine-dragon splendor canopy came next. All of these preceded the emperor's light walking palanquin, or his horse when he rode. Ten sword-bearing ministers led in front, two brought up the rear, and the light walking palanquin rode at the center. The leopard-tail company comprised ten guards with spears, ten with ceremonial swords, and ten with bows and arrows, closed by the great yellow-dragon banner. When the emperor halted at the imperial camp, Mongol horns were played in the morning and naoge music in the evening. At a grand military review the halberd guard was arrayed outside the traveling palace gate. The original regalia for imperial progresses comprised ten brocade umbrellas, ten gilded dragon banners, and ten gilded dragon small flags. Six double-dragon fans and four single-dragon fans were specified. Ten leopard-tail spears, ten great swords, and ten bows and arrows were included. Six golden battle-axes, six star-emblems, and six each of imperial staffs, wu staffs, and standing-melon and reclining-melon emblems were provided. Musical equipment comprised two gongs, two sheng, two cloud gongs, two pipes, four di, four gilt cymbals, four bronze cymbals, two drums, eight suona, two bronze clappers, eight small and eight large horns, and six Mongol horns. Whenever the imperial carriage made a progress, attendants were arrayed on foot.
11
太上皇鹵簿,原定無之。 嘉慶元年,因授璽禮成,陳太上皇鹵簿於寧壽宮。 其制,引仗六,御仗十六,吾仗十六,立瓜、臥瓜各十六,星、鉞各十六,旗、纛二百二十四,麾、氅、節各四,旌十六,幡十二,幢二十,扇八十六,傘六十六,戟殳各四,豹尾槍、弓矢、儀刀各三十,金交椅、金馬杌各一,拂二,金器八,銀水、火壺各一,雨傘二,盤線鐙二,紅鐙六。 樂器備設,笙、管、雲鑼、平篴、鈸、點鼓各二,金及金鉦、銅鼓、扁鼓、仗鼓各四,架鼓、金口角各十二,龍篴十四,大銅角、小銅角、蒙古畫角各二十四,龍鼓四十八。
The original regulations made no provision for a retired emperor's halberd guard. In the first year of Jiaqing, after the seal-bestowal rite was completed, the retired emperor's halberd guard was arrayed at the Palace of Tranquil Longevity. The array comprised six guide staffs, sixteen imperial staffs, sixteen wu staffs, sixteen each of standing-melon and reclining-melon emblems, star-maces, and battle-axes, two hundred twenty-four flags and banners, four each of command banners, gong-canopies, and staffs of office, sixteen pennants, twelve streamers, twenty banner-poles, eighty-six fans, sixty-six umbrellas, four halberds and four ceremonial staffs, thirty leopard-tail spears, thirty bows and arrows, thirty ceremonial swords, a golden armchair and golden horse-stool, two fly-whisks, eight golden vessels, silver water and fire ewers, two rain umbrellas, two coiled-line lanterns, and six red lanterns. A full musical establishment was provided: two each of sheng, pipes, cloud gongs, level flutes, cymbals, and clapper drums; four each of gongs, gilt cymbals, bronze drums, flat drums, and guard drums; twelve frame drums and twelve gilt bronze mouth-horns; fourteen dragon flutes; twenty-four large bronze horns, twenty-four small bronze horns, twenty-four Mongol painted horns; and forty-eight dragon drums.
12
皇太子儀衛,清自康熙五十二年後不復建儲,故國初雖有皇太子儀仗,幾同虛設。 乾隆六十年,以明年將行內禪,九月,議定皇太子出入內朝,用導從侍衛四人,乾清門侍衛二人。 如出外朝及城市內外,隨從散秩大臣一人,侍衛十人,領侍衛內大臣一人,乾清門侍衛四人。 前設虎槍六,後設豹尾槍八。 是年復諭禮臣,以冊立皇太子典禮既不舉行,其一切儀仗製造需時,亦毋庸另行備辦。 原定皇太子儀仗,曲柄九龍傘三,直柄龍傘四,直柄瑞草傘二,方傘四,雙龍扇四,孔雀扇四。 白澤旗二。 金節二。 羽葆幢二,傳教幡、告止幡、信幡、絳引幡各二,儀鍠氅二。 銷金龍纛十,銷金龍小旗十。 豹尾槍十,弓矢十,大刀十,馬八,金鉞四,立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵、吾仗各四。 拂二。 畫角十二,花匡鼓二十四,大銅號八,小銅號二,金、金鉦、仗鼓各二,龍頭篴二,板二。 金香爐、金瓶、金香盒各二,金唾壺,金盆各一,金杌一,金交椅一,金腳踏一。
The crown prince's ceremonial guard: after the fifty-second year of Kangxi the Qing ceased naming heirs apparent, so although crown prince ceremonial regalia existed from the dynasty's founding, it was nearly never used. In the sixtieth year of Qianlong, with an inner abdication planned for the following year, the court decided in the ninth month that when the crown prince entered and left the inner court he would be attended by four guiding guards and two Gate of Pure Brightness guards. When he went to the outer court or traveled within or beyond the city, he was accompanied by a minister without regular portfolio, ten guards, a chief grand guard of the inner service, and four Gate of Pure Brightness guards. Six tiger spears preceded him and eight leopard-tail spears followed. That same year the emperor instructed the ritual officials that since the investiture ceremony would not be held, there was no need to prepare the full ceremonial regalia, whose manufacture would take considerable time. The original crown prince ceremonial regalia comprised three curved-handle nine-dragon umbrellas, four straight-handle dragon umbrellas, two straight-handle auspicious-grass umbrellas, four square umbrellas, four double-dragon fans, and four peacock fans. Two white marsh-beast flags were included. Two golden staffs of office were provided. Two feather-canopy banners, two each of the teaching, stop-proclamation, trust, and crimson guide banners, and two ceremonial gong-canopies were specified. Ten gilded dragon great banners and ten gilded dragon small flags were provided. Ten leopard-tail spears, ten bows and arrows, ten great swords, eight horses, four golden battle-axes, and four each of standing-melon, reclining-melon, mace, and wu staffs were included. Two fly-whisks were provided. Musical equipment comprised twelve painted horns, twenty-four floral frame drums, eight large and two small bronze horns, two each of gongs, gilt cymbals, and guard drums, two dragon-head flutes, and two clappers. Two each of golden incense burners, vases, and incense boxes, one golden spittoon and one golden basin, and a golden stool, armchair, and footrest were provided.
13
皇后儀駕,原名鹵簿。 吾仗四,立瓜四,臥瓜四,五色龍鳳旗十。 次赤、黃龍、鳳扇各四,雉尾扇八,次赤、素方傘四,黃緞綉四季花傘四,五色九鳳傘十。 次金節二。 次拂二,金香爐二,金香盒二,金盥盤一,金盂一,金瓶二,金椅一,金方几一。 次九鳳曲柄黃蓋一。 鳳輿一乘,儀輿二乘,鳳車一乘,儀車二乘。 原定太皇太后鹵簿,銷金龍鳳旗八。 金節二。 吾仗四,立瓜四,臥瓜四。 黃曲柄九鳳傘一,黃直柄花傘四,紅直柄瑞草傘二,青黑直柄九鳳傘各二,紅方傘二,黃、紅銷金龍、鳳扇各二,金黃素扇二,紅鸞鳳扇二。 拂二,金香爐二,金瓶二,金香盒二,金唾壺一,金盆一,金杌一,金交椅一,金腳踏一。 凡萬壽節、元旦、冬至及諸慶典,鑾儀衛先時陳設。 皇太后、皇后鹵簿並同。
The empress's ceremonial escort was originally termed the halberd guard. Four wu staffs, four standing-melon and four reclining-melon emblems, and ten five-colored dragon-phoenix flags were specified. Four each of red, yellow dragon, and phoenix fans followed, with eight pheasant-tail fans; then four plain red square umbrellas, four yellow brocade four-season floral umbrellas, and ten five-colored nine-phoenix umbrellas. Two golden staffs of office came next. Two fly-whisks, two golden incense burners, two golden incense boxes, one golden wash-basin, one golden bowl, two golden vases, one golden chair, and one square golden table followed. One curved-handle yellow nine-phoenix canopy came next. One phoenix palanquin, two ceremonial palanquins, one phoenix carriage, and two ceremonial carriages were provided. The original grand empress dowager halberd guard comprised eight gilded dragon-phoenix flags. Two golden staffs of office were included. Four wu staffs, four standing-melon, and four reclining-melon emblems were specified. One yellow curved-handle nine-phoenix umbrella, four yellow straight-handle floral umbrellas, two red straight-handle auspicious-grass umbrellas, two blue and two black straight-handle nine-phoenix umbrellas, two red square umbrellas, two yellow and two red gilded dragon and phoenix fans, two plain golden-yellow fans, and two red luan-phoenix fans were provided. Two fly-whisks, two golden incense burners, two golden vases, two golden incense boxes, one golden spittoon, one golden basin, and a golden stool, armchair, and footrest were included. For Longevity Day, New Year's Day, Winter Solstice, and other celebrations, the Imperial Escort Guard arrayed them in advance. The empress dowager's and empress's halberd guards were identical.
14
太皇太后儀駕暨皇太后儀駕,均與皇后儀駕同。 惟車、輿兼繪龍鳳文。
The grand empress dowager's and empress dowager's ceremonial escorts matched the empress's ceremonial escort. Only their carriages and palanquins were additionally decorated with dragon and phoenix designs.
15
皇貴妃儀仗,吾仗四,立瓜四,臥瓜四。 赤、黑素旗各二,金黃色鳳旗二,赤、黑鳳旗各二。 金黃、赤、黑三色素扇各二,赤、黑鸞鳳扇各二,赤、黑瑞草傘各二,明黃、赤、黑三色花傘各二。 金節二。 拂二,金香爐、香盒、盥盤、盂各一,金瓶二,金椅一,金方几一。 七鳳明黃曲柄蓋一。 翟輿一乘,儀輿一乘,翟車一乘。 原定皇貴妃儀仗,紅、黑鳳旗各二,金節二,吾仗二,立瓜二,臥瓜二。 紅曲柄七鳳傘一,紅直柄花傘二,紅直柄瑞草傘二,紅方傘二,金黃素扇二,紅綉扇二。 拂二,金香爐一,金瓶二,金香盒一,金唾壺一,金盆一,馬杌一,交椅一,腳踏一。 貴妃儀仗同。
The imperial noble consort's ceremonial regalia comprised four wu staffs, four standing-melon, and four reclining-melon emblems. Two each of red and black plain flags, two golden-yellow phoenix flags, and two each of red and black phoenix flags were specified. Two each of golden-yellow, red, and black plain fans, red and black luan-phoenix fans, red and black auspicious-grass umbrellas, and bright yellow, red, and black floral umbrellas were provided. Two golden staffs of office were included. Two fly-whisks, one each of golden incense burner, incense box, wash-basin, and bowl, two golden vases, one golden chair, and one square golden table were provided. One curved-handle bright yellow seven-phoenix canopy was specified. One pheasant palanquin, one ceremonial palanquin, and one pheasant carriage were provided. The original imperial noble consort ceremonial regalia comprised two each of red and black phoenix flags, two golden staffs of office, two wu staffs, and two each of standing-melon and reclining-melon emblems. One red curved-handle seven-phoenix umbrella, two red straight-handle floral umbrellas, two red straight-handle auspicious-grass umbrellas, two red square umbrellas, two plain golden-yellow fans, and two red embroidered fans were specified. Two fly-whisks, one golden incense burner, two golden vases, one golden incense box, one golden spittoon, one golden basin, and a horse-stool, armchair, and footrest were included. The consort's ceremonial regalia matched.
16
貴妃儀仗,吾仗二,立瓜二,臥瓜二。 赤、黑素旗各二,赤、黑鳳旗各二,金黃、赤、黑三色素扇各二,赤、黑鸞鳳扇各二,赤、黑瑞草傘各二,金黃、赤、黑三色花傘各二。 金節二。 拂二,金香爐、香盒、盥盤、盂各一,金瓶二,金椅一,金方几一。 七鳳金黃曲柄蓋一。 翟輿一乘,儀輿一乘,儀車一乘。
The consort's ceremonial regalia comprised two wu staffs, two standing-melon, and two reclining-melon emblems. Two each of red and black plain and phoenix flags, golden-yellow, red, and black plain fans, red and black luan-phoenix fans and auspicious-grass umbrellas, and golden-yellow, red, and black floral umbrellas were specified. Two golden staffs of office were provided. Two fly-whisks, one each of golden incense burner, incense box, wash-basin, and bowl, two golden vases, one golden chair, and one square golden table were included. One curved-handle golden-yellow seven-phoenix canopy was specified. One pheasant palanquin, one ceremonial palanquin, and one ceremonial carriage were provided.
17
妃采仗,原名儀仗。 吾仗二,立瓜二,臥瓜二。 赤、黑鳳旗各二。 赤、黑素扇各二,赤、黑花傘各二,金黃素傘二。 金節二。 拂二,銀質飾金香爐、香盒、盥盤、盂各一,銀瓶二,銀椅一,銀方几一。 七鳳金黃曲柄蓋一。 翟輿一乘,儀輿一乘,儀車一乘。 原定妃儀仗,黑鳳旗二。 金節二。 吾仗二,立瓜二,臥瓜二。 紅直柄花傘二,紅直柄瑞草傘二,金黃素扇二。 拂二,銀質飾金香爐、香盒各一,瓶一,唾壺一,盆一,馬杌一,交椅一,腳踏一。
The consort's colored staffs were originally termed ceremonial regalia. Two wu staffs, two standing-melon, and two reclining-melon emblems were specified. Two each of red and black phoenix flags were included. Two each of red and black plain fans and floral umbrellas, and two plain golden-yellow umbrellas were provided. Two golden staffs of office were specified. Two fly-whisks, one each of gilt-trimmed silver incense burner, incense box, wash-basin, and bowl, two silver vases, one silver chair, and one square silver table were provided. One curved-handle golden-yellow seven-phoenix canopy was included. One pheasant palanquin, one ceremonial palanquin, and one ceremonial carriage were specified. The original consort ceremonial regalia comprised two black phoenix flags. Two golden staffs of office were included. Two wu staffs, two standing-melon, and two reclining-melon emblems were specified. Two red straight-handle floral umbrellas, two red straight-handle auspicious-grass umbrellas, and two plain golden-yellow fans were provided. Two fly-whisks, one gilt-trimmed silver incense burner and incense box, and a vase, spittoon, basin, horse-stool, armchair, and footrest were included.
18
嬪采仗,原名儀仗。 視妃采仗少直柄瑞草傘二。 餘同。
The lady's colored staffs were originally termed ceremonial regalia. Compared with the consort's colored staffs, it lacked two straight-handle auspicious-grass umbrellas. Otherwise it matched.
19
親王儀衛,原名儀仗。 以下並同。 吾仗四,立瓜四,臥瓜四,骨朵四。 紅羅綉五龍曲柄蓋一。 紅羅綉四季花傘二,紅羅銷金瑞草傘二,紅羅綉四季花扇二,青羅綉孔雀扇二。 旗槍十,大纛二,條纛二。 豹尾槍四,儀刀四。 馬六。 遇大典禮,則陳於府第,出使用以導從。 常日在京,用曲柄蓋一。 紅羅傘扇各二。 吾仗、立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵全。 馬四。 前引十人,後從六人。 因事入景運門,帶從官三人。 原定有紅羅繡花曲柄傘一,豹尾槍二,大刀二。 茲改為五龍曲柄蓋一,豹尾槍四,儀刀四。 餘同。 崇德初年,定親王銷金紅傘二,纛二,旗十,立瓜、骨朵各二,吾仗四。 世子儀衛,吾仗四,立瓜四,臥瓜二,骨朵二。 紅羅四龍曲柄蓋一。 紅羅綉四季花傘一,紅羅銷金瑞草傘二,紅羅綉四季花扇二,青羅綉孔雀扇二。 旗槍八,大纛一,條纛一。 豹尾槍二,儀刀二。 馬六。 常日用紅羅傘、扇各二,吾仗、立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵全。 馬四。 前引八人,後從六人。 原定吾仗二,立瓜二,有紅羅繡花曲柄傘一,無豹尾槍,茲增為吾仗四,立瓜四,改曲柄傘為四龍曲柄蓋,添豹尾槍二。 餘同。 崇德年所定,無世子儀仗。
The prince's ceremonial guard was originally termed ceremonial regalia. The same applied to ranks below. Four wu staffs, four standing-melon, four reclining-melon, and four maces were specified. One red silk embroidered five-dragon curved-handle canopy was provided. Two red silk embroidered four-season floral umbrellas, two red silk gilded auspicious-grass umbrellas, two red silk embroidered four-season floral fans, and two blue silk embroidered peacock fans were included. Ten flag-spears, two great banners, and two streamer banners were specified. Four leopard-tail spears and four ceremonial swords were provided. Six ceremonial horses were included. At grand ceremonies they were arrayed at the princely residence and deployed as escort when the prince went abroad. On ordinary days in the capital a single curved-handle canopy sufficed. Two red silk umbrellas and two red silk fans were used. The full complement of wu staffs, standing-melon, reclining-melon, and maces accompanied him. Four horses were provided. Ten attendants led in front and six followed behind. When entering the Gate of Auspicious Transport on business, he was accompanied by three officials. The original regulations specified one red silk embroidered floral curved-handle umbrella, two leopard-tail spears, and two great swords. This was revised to one five-dragon curved-handle canopy, four leopard-tail spears, and four ceremonial swords. Otherwise the provisions matched. In the early Chongde era, princes were allotted two gilded red umbrellas, two banners, ten flags, two standing-melon and two maces each, and four wu staffs. The heir apparent's ceremonial guard comprised four wu staffs, four standing-melon, two reclining-melon, and two maces. One red silk four-dragon curved-handle canopy was provided. One red silk embroidered four-season floral umbrella, two red silk gilded auspicious-grass umbrellas, two red silk embroidered four-season floral fans, and two blue silk embroidered peacock fans were included. Eight flag-spears, one great banner, and one streamer banner were specified. Two leopard-tail spears and two ceremonial swords were provided. Six ceremonial horses were included. On ordinary days two red silk umbrellas and two fans were used, with the full complement of wu staffs, standing-melon, reclining-melon, and maces. Four horses were provided. Eight attendants led in front and six followed behind. The original regulations specified two wu staffs and two standing-melon, one red silk embroidered floral curved-handle umbrella, and no leopard-tail spears; these were revised to four wu staffs and four standing-melon, the curved-handle umbrella was replaced with a four-dragon curved-handle canopy, and two leopard-tail spears were added. Otherwise the provisions matched. The regulations fixed in the Chongde era made no provision for heir apparent ceremonial regalia.
20
郡王儀衛,吾仗四,立瓜四,臥瓜二,骨朵二。 紅羅綉四龍曲柄蓋一。 紅羅銷金瑞草傘二,紅羅綉四季花扇二,青羅綉孔雀扇二。 旗槍八,條纛二。 豹尾槍二,儀刀二。 馬六。 常日用紅羅傘、扇各二,吾仗、立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵全。 馬二。 前引八人,後從六人。 原定有紅羅繡花曲柄傘一,無豹尾槍、儀刀。 茲改曲柄傘為四龍曲柄蓋,增豹尾槍二,儀刀二。 餘同。 崇德初年,定郡王銷金紅傘一,纛一,旗八,臥瓜二,吾仗四。 郡王長子儀衛,原定及崇德年所定均無。 吾仗二,立瓜二,臥瓜二,骨朵二。 紅羅銷金瑞草傘一,紅羅綉四季花扇二。 旗槍六,條纛一。 馬四。 常日用傘一,吾仗、立瓜、臥瓜、骨朵全。 前引六人,後從六人。
The prince of the second rank's ceremonial guard comprised four wu staffs, four standing-melon, two reclining-melon, and two maces. One red silk embroidered four-dragon curved-handle canopy was provided. Two red silk gilded auspicious-grass umbrellas, two red silk embroidered four-season floral fans, and two blue silk embroidered peacock fans were included. Eight flag-spears and two streamer banners were specified. Two leopard-tail spears and two ceremonial swords were provided. Six ceremonial horses were included. On ordinary days two red silk umbrellas and two fans were used, with the full complement of wu staffs, standing-melon, reclining-melon, and maces. Two horses were provided. Eight attendants led in front and six followed behind. The original regulations specified one red silk embroidered floral curved-handle umbrella but no leopard-tail spears or ceremonial swords. The curved-handle umbrella was replaced with a four-dragon curved-handle canopy, and two leopard-tail spears and two ceremonial swords were added. Otherwise the provisions matched. In the early Chongde era, princes of the second rank were allotted one gilded red umbrella, one banner, eight flags, two reclining-melon, and four wu staffs. No ceremonial guard was established for the eldest son of a prince of the second rank under either the original regulations or the Chongde-era standards. Two wu staffs, two standing-melon, two reclining-melon, and two maces were specified. One red silk gilded auspicious-grass umbrella and two red silk embroidered four-season floral fans were included. Six flag-spears and one streamer banner were specified. Four horses were provided. On ordinary days one umbrella was used, with the full complement of wu staffs, standing-melon, reclining-melon, and maces. Six attendants led in front and six followed behind.
21
貝勒儀衛與郡王長子同。 原定紅羅銷金傘二,茲減一。 餘同。 崇德初年,定貝勒銷金紅傘一,纛一,旗六,骨朵二,紅仗二。 自世子以下至貝勒,因事入景運門,帶從官二人。
The beile's ceremonial guard matched that of the eldest son of a prince of the second rank. The original regulations specified two red silk gilded umbrellas; one was now removed. Otherwise the provisions matched. In the early Chongde era, beile were allotted one gilded red umbrella, one banner, six flags, two maces, and two red staffs. From the heir apparent down to the beile, when entering the Gate of Auspicious Transport on business, each was accompanied by two officials.
22
貝子儀衛,吾仗二,立瓜二,骨朵二。 紅羅銷金瑞草傘一,紅羅綉四季花扇二。 旗槍六,條纛一。 常日用吾仗、立瓜、骨朵全。 前引四人,後從六人。 原定紅羅銷金傘二,茲減一。 餘同。 崇德初年定貝子彩畫雲紅傘一,豹尾槍二,旗六,紅仗二。
The beizi's ceremonial guard comprised two wu staffs, two standing-melon, and two maces. One red silk gilded auspicious-grass umbrella and two red silk embroidered four-season floral fans were included. Six flag-spears and one streamer banner were specified. On ordinary days the full complement of wu staffs, standing-melon, and maces accompanied him. Four attendants led in front and six followed behind. The original regulations specified two red silk gilded umbrellas; one was now removed. Otherwise the provisions matched. In the early Chongde era, beizi were allotted one cloud-painted red umbrella, two leopard-tail spears, six flags, and two red staffs.
23
鎮國公、輔國公儀衛,吾仗二,骨朵二。 紅羅銷金瑞草傘一,青羅綉孔雀扇一。 旗槍六。 常日用吾仗、骨朵全。 前引二人,後從八人。 原定同。 崇德初年,定鎮國公紅傘一,豹尾槍二,旗六,紅仗二。 輔國公減豹尾槍一。 餘同。 自貝子以下、輔國公以上,因事入景運門,帶從官一人。
The ceremonial guard of the Duke Who Guards the State and the Duke Who Assists the State comprised two wu staffs and two maces. One red silk gilded auspicious-grass umbrella and one blue silk embroidered peacock fan were included. Six flag-spears were specified. On ordinary days the full complement of wu staffs and maces accompanied him. Two attendants led in front and eight followed behind. The original regulations were unchanged. In the early Chongde era, the Duke Who Guards the State was allotted one red umbrella, two leopard-tail spears, six flags, and two red staffs. The Duke Who Assists the State was allotted one fewer leopard-tail spear. Otherwise the provisions matched. From the beizi down through the Duke Who Assists the State, when entering the Gate of Auspicious Transport on business, each was accompanied by one official.
24
鎮國將軍儀衛,杳黃傘一,青扇一,旗槍六。 常日前引二人,後從六人。 原定有金黃傘一,無青扇。 茲改為杏黃傘一,增青扇一。 餘同。 自鎮國將軍以下,原定均照崇德初年定制。
The Defender-general of the State's ceremonial guard comprised one dark-apricot umbrella, one blue fan, and six flag-spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and six followed behind. The original regulations specified one golden-yellow umbrella but no blue fan. This was revised to one apricot-yellow umbrella, and one blue fan was added. Otherwise the provisions matched. From the Defender-general of the State downward, the original regulations all followed the standards established in the early Chongde era.
25
輔國將軍儀衛,與鎮國將軍同。 常日前引一人,後從四人。 原定常日前引二人,茲減一。 餘同。
The Bulwark-general of the State's ceremonial guard matched that of the Defender-general of the State. On ordinary days one attendant led in front and four followed behind. The original regulations specified two front attendants on ordinary days; one was now removed. Otherwise the provisions matched.
26
奉國將軍、奉恩將軍儀衛,原定無奉恩將軍。 青扇一,旗槍四。 常日後從四人。 原定無青扇。
Ceremonial guard for the Supporter-general of the State and the General of Grace; under the original regulations no provision was made for the General of Grace. One blue fan and four flag-spears were specified. On ordinary days four attendants followed behind. The original regulations made no provision for a blue fan.
27
固倫公主儀衛,吾仗二,立瓜二,臥瓜二,骨朵二。 金黃羅曲柄綉寶相花傘一,紅羅綉寶相花傘二,青羅綉寶相花扇二,紅羅綉孔雀扇二。 黑纛二。 前引十人,朝賀日隨侍女五人。 原定曲柄傘用紅羅,茲改金黃羅。 餘同。 崇德初年,定固倫公主清道旗二。 紅仗、吾仗各二。 銷金紅傘一,青扇一。 拂子二,金吐盂、金水盆各一。
The Imperial Clan Princess's ceremonial guard comprised two wu staffs, two standing-melon, two reclining-melon, and two maces. One golden-yellow silk curved-handle umbrella embroidered with baoxiang flowers, two red silk umbrellas embroidered with baoxiang flowers, two blue silk fans embroidered with baoxiang flowers, and two red silk peacock fans were included. Two black banners were specified. Ten attendants led in front, and on days of court congratulations five maidservants accompanied her. The original regulations specified a red silk curved-handle umbrella; this was revised to golden-yellow silk. Otherwise the provisions matched. In the early Chongde era, Imperial Clan Princesses were allotted two road-clearing flags. Two red staffs and two wu staffs were provided. One gilded red umbrella and one blue fan were included. Two fly-whisks, one golden spittoon, and one golden basin were provided.
28
和碩公主儀衛,吾仗二,立瓜二,臥瓜二,骨朵二。 紅羅曲柄綉寶相花傘一,紅羅綉寶相花傘二,紅羅綉孔雀扇二。 黑纛二。 前引八人,隨朝侍女四人。 原定同。 崇德初年,定和碩公主紅仗、吾仗各二。 銷金紅傘一,青扇一。 拂子二,金水盆一。
The Princess of Harmonious Solemnity's ceremonial guard comprised two wu staffs, two standing-melon, two reclining-melon, and two maces. One red silk curved-handle umbrella embroidered with baoxiang flowers, two red silk umbrellas embroidered with baoxiang flowers, and two red silk peacock fans were included. Two black banners were specified. Eight attendants led in front, and four maidservants accompanied her at court. The original regulations were unchanged. In the early Chongde era, Princesses of Harmonious Solemnity were allotted two red staffs and two wu staffs each. One gilded red umbrella and one blue fan were included. Two fly-whisks and one golden basin were provided.
29
郡主儀衛,吾仗二,立瓜二,骨朵二。 紅羅綉寶相花傘二,紅羅綉孔雀扇二。 前引六人,隨朝侍女三人。 原定同。 崇德初年,定郡主吾仗二,銷金紅傘一,青扇一,拂子二。
The commandery princess's ceremonial guard comprised two wu staffs, two standing-melon, and two maces. Two red silk umbrellas embroidered with baoxiang flowers and two red silk peacock fans were included. Six attendants led in front, and three maidservants accompanied her at court. The original regulations were unchanged. In the early Chongde era, commandery princesses were allotted two wu staffs, one gilded red umbrella, one blue fan, and two fly-whisks.
30
縣主儀衛,吾仗二,立瓜二。 紅羅綉寶相花傘一,青羅綉寶相花扇二。 前引二人,隨朝侍女三人。 原定同。 崇德初年,定縣主紅仗二,銷金紅傘一,拂子二。 郡君隨朝侍女二人,縣君隨朝侍女二人,鄉君隨朝侍女一人,俱無儀仗。 原定郡君以下無儀仗。 崇德初年,定郡君紅仗二,銷金青傘一,縣君紅仗二。
The county princess's ceremonial guard comprised two wu staffs and two standing-melon. One red silk umbrella embroidered with baoxiang flowers and two blue silk fans embroidered with baoxiang flowers were included. Two attendants led in front, and three maidservants accompanied her at court. The original regulations were unchanged. In the early Chongde era, county princesses were allotted two red staffs, one gilded red umbrella, and two fly-whisks. Commandery ladies were accompanied at court by two maidservants, county ladies by two, and township ladies by one; none of these ranks had ceremonial regalia. Under the original regulations, ranks from commandery lady downward had no ceremonial regalia. In the early Chongde era, commandery ladies were allotted two red staffs and one gilded blue umbrella, and county ladies two red staffs.
31
親王福晉視固倫公主,惟曲柄傘用紅色,隨朝侍女四人。 世子福晉視和碩公主,郡王福晉視郡主,郡王長子福晉、貝勒夫人均視縣主,隨朝侍女二人。 貝子夫人、公夫人隨朝侍女一人。 自貝子夫人以下無儀仗。 自將軍夫人以下無隨朝侍女。 原定同。 惟福晉皆稱妃,又別定側妃、側夫人儀仗。 其制,親王側妃視嫡妃少青羅花扇二。 餘同。 世子側妃纛二,吾仗、立瓜、骨朵各二,紅羅繡花傘、紅羅綉孔雀扇各二。 郡王側妃吾仗、立瓜各二,紅羅繡花傘一,青羅繡花扇二。 貝勒側夫人及貝子夫人均無儀仗。 崇德初年,定親王妃清道旗二,紅仗、吾仗各二,銷金紅傘一,青扇一,拂子二,金唾盂、金水盆各一。 郡王妃同,惟少紅仗、金唾盂。 貝勒夫人紅仗二,銷金紅傘一,拂子二。 貝子夫人以下無儀仗。
A prince's primary consort ranked with a Princess of Imperial Title, except that her curved-handle umbrella was red; four maidservants accompanied her at court. An heir apparent's primary consort ranked with a Princess of Harmonious Solemnity, a commandery prince's primary consort with a commandery princess, and a commandery prince's eldest son's primary consort and a beile's wife with a county princess; each was accompanied at court by two maidservants. A beizi's wife and a duke's wife were each accompanied at court by one maidservant. From the rank of beizi's wife downward there was no ceremonial regalia. From the rank of general's wife downward no maidservants accompanied one at court. The original regulations were unchanged. Primary consorts were uniformly styled consorts, and separate regulations were additionally fixed for the ceremonial regalia of secondary consorts and secondary wives. Under those regulations a prince's secondary consort ranked with the primary consort but lacked two blue silk embroidered flower fans. All other items matched the primary consort's allotment. An heir apparent's secondary consort received two banners, two each of wu staffs, standing-melon, and maces, and two each of red silk embroidered flower umbrellas and red silk peacock fans. A commandery prince's secondary consort received two wu staffs, two standing-melon, one red silk embroidered flower umbrella, and two blue silk embroidered flower fans. Neither a beile's secondary wife nor a beizi's wife had ceremonial regalia. In the early Chongde era a prince's consort was allotted two clear-the-way flags, two red staffs, two wu staffs, one gilded red umbrella, one blue fan, two fly-whisks, one golden spittoon, and one golden basin. A commandery prince's consort received the same allotment, minus the red staffs and golden spittoon. A beile's wife received two red staffs, one gilded red umbrella, and two fly-whisks. From the rank of beizi's wife downward there was no ceremonial regalia.
32
額駙儀衛,固倫公主額駙,紅仗二,紅傘一,大小青扇二,旗槍十,豹尾槍二。 常日前引二人,後從八人。 和碩公主額駙,紅棍四,杏黃傘二,大、小青扇二,旗槍十。 常日前引二人,後從八人。 郡主額駙,紅棍四,杏黃傘一,大、小青扇二,旗槍十。 常日前引二人,後從八人。 縣主額駙,杏黃傘一,青扇一,旗槍六。 常日前引二人,後從六人。 郡君額駙,青扇一,旗槍六。 常日前引二人,後從六人。 縣君額駙,青扇一,旗槍四。 常日無前引,惟後從二人。 鄉君額駙,青扇一,旗槍二。 常日惟後從一人。
Ceremonial guard for imperial sons-in-law: an imperial son-in-law of a Princess of Imperial Title received two red staffs, one red umbrella, two large and small blue fans, ten flag spears, and two leopard-tail spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and eight followed behind. An imperial son-in-law of a Princess of Harmonious Solemnity received four red sticks, two apricot-yellow umbrellas, two large and small blue fans, and ten flag spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and eight followed behind. An imperial son-in-law of a commandery princess received four red sticks, one apricot-yellow umbrella, two large and small blue fans, and ten flag spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and eight followed behind. An imperial son-in-law of a county princess received one apricot-yellow umbrella, one blue fan, and six flag spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and six followed behind. An imperial son-in-law of a commandery lady received one blue fan and six flag spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and six followed behind. An imperial son-in-law of a county lady received one blue fan and four flag spears. On ordinary days no attendants led in front; only two followed behind. An imperial son-in-law of a township lady received one blue fan and two flag spears. On ordinary days only one attendant followed behind.
33
職官儀衛,原名儀從。 民公視和碩公主額駙。 侯,金黃棍四,餘視郡主額駙。 其有加級者,棍得用紅。 伯,大、小青扇二,餘視侯。 子,金黃棍二,杏黃傘一,大、小青扇二,旗槍八。 前引、後從視侯。 男,金黃棍二,杏黃傘一,大、小青扇二,旗槍六。 常日前引二人,後從六人。
Officials' ceremonial guard was originally termed the ceremonial retinue. A commoner duke ranked with an imperial son-in-law of a Princess of Harmonious Solemnity. A marquis received four golden-yellow sticks; all other items matched those of an imperial son-in-law of a commandery princess. Those who had received a rank increase might use red sticks instead. An earl received two large and small blue fans; all other items matched those of a marquis. A viscount received two golden-yellow sticks, one apricot-yellow umbrella, two large and small blue fans, and eight flag spears. The numbers for leading attendants in front and followers behind matched those of a marquis. A baron received two golden-yellow sticks, one apricot-yellow umbrella, two large and small blue fans, and six flag spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and six followed behind.
34
京官,一品視子,二品視男。 三品,金黃棍二,杏黃傘一,大、小青扇二,旗槍六。 常日前引二人,後從四人。 四品,杏黃傘一,大、小青扇二,旗槍四。 常日無前引,惟後從二人。 餘官均用青素扇一。 常日惟後從一人。 宗室、覺羅之有職者,各從其品,惟扇柄及棍皆魨以硃。 以上儀衛,於京外得全設,常日在京,不得用旗、傘、黃棍。 文官三品以上,得用甘蔗棍二。 武官三品以上,得用棕竹棍二。 自一品至九品,均得用扇,扇各用清、漢字書銜。 若進皇城,扇棍及前引人均不得入。 文武大臣因事入景運門,帶從官一人。
Among capital officials, first rank matched a viscount and second rank a baron. Third rank received two golden-yellow sticks, one apricot-yellow umbrella, two large and small blue fans, and six flag spears. On ordinary days two attendants led in front and four followed behind. Fourth rank received one apricot-yellow umbrella, two large and small blue fans, and four flag spears. On ordinary days no attendants led in front; only two followed behind. All lower-ranking officials used one plain blue fan. On ordinary days only one attendant followed behind. Imperial clansmen and gioro in office followed their rank in other respects, but fan handles and sticks were lacquered in cinnabar. The above ceremonial guards could be fully deployed outside the capital, but on ordinary days within Beijing flags, umbrellas, and yellow sticks were prohibited. Civil officials of third rank and above might employ two sugarcane sticks. Military officials of third rank and above might employ two palm-bamboo sticks. From first through ninth rank all might carry fans inscribed with their titles in both Manchu and Chinese. Upon entering the Imperial City, fans, sticks, and front attendants were all barred from entry. Civil and military grand ministers entering Jingyun Gate on official business might be accompanied by one attendant.
35
直省文官,總督,青旗八,飛虎旗、杏黃傘、青扇、兵拳、雁翎刀、獸劍、金黃棍、桐棍、皮槊各二,旗槍四,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 巡撫,青旗八,杏黃傘、青扇、獸劍、金黃棍、桐棍、皮槊各二、旗槍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 凡二品以上大臣陛見到京,入景運門,帶從官一人。 布政使、按察使,青旗六,杏黃傘、青扇、金黃棍、皮槊各二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 各道青旗四,杏黃傘、青扇各一,桐棍、皮槊各二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 知府與道同。 府倅、知州、知縣,青旗四,藍傘一,青扇一,桐棍、皮槊各二,肅靜牌二。 縣佐,藍傘一,桐棍二。 學官,藍傘一。 雜職,竹板二。 河道、漕運總督視總督,學政、鹽政、織造暨各欽差官三品以上視巡撫。 四品以下視兩司。
Among provincial civil officials, a governor-general received eight blue flags; two each of flying-tiger flags, apricot-yellow umbrellas, blue fans, military fists, goose-feather sabers, ceremonial swords, golden-yellow sticks, paulownia sticks, and leather spears; four flag spears; and two each of avoidance and silence placards. A governor received eight blue flags; two each of apricot-yellow umbrellas, blue fans, ceremonial swords, golden-yellow sticks, paulownia sticks, and leather spears; two flag spears; and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Grand ministers of second rank and above who came to the capital for audience and entered Jingyun Gate might be accompanied by one attendant. Financial and judicial commissioners received six blue flags; two each of apricot-yellow umbrellas, blue fans, golden-yellow sticks, and leather spears; and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Circuit intendants received four blue flags; one apricot-yellow umbrella and one blue fan; two paulownia sticks and two leather spears; and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Prefects received the same ceremonial guard as circuit intendants. Assistant prefects, department magistrates, and county magistrates received four blue flags, one blue umbrella, one blue fan, two paulownia sticks, two leather spears, and two silence placards. Assistant county magistrates received one blue umbrella and two paulownia sticks. Educational officials received one blue umbrella. Miscellaneous officials received two bamboo boards. Grand coordinators of rivers and grain transport ranked with a governor-general, while educational commissioners, salt commissioners, textile commissioners, and imperial commissioners of third rank and above ranked with a governor. Officials of fourth rank and below ranked with the financial and judicial commissioners.
36
武官,提督,青旗八,飛虎旗、杏黃傘、青扇、兵拳、雁翎刀、獸劍、刑仗各二,旗槍四,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 總兵官,青旗八,飛虎旗、杏黃傘、青扇、獸劍、旗槍、大刀各二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 副將,青旗六,杏黃傘一,青扇二,金黃棍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 參將、游擊、都司,青旗四,杏黃傘一,青扇一,桐棍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 守備,青旗四,杏黃傘一,青扇一,桐棍二。 各省駐防將軍視內都統。 副都統以下均與京職同。 順治三年,定京官儀從,公,掌扇貼方金一。 職官掌扇,一品貼圓金四,二品貼圓金三,三品貼圓金二,四品用灑金掌扇,五品至七品俱用素黑掌扇,八品、九品俱用白掌扇。 六年,定公以下四品官以上用大、小灑金扇各一,文官用甘蔗棍二,武官用棕竹棍二。 八年,定民公、和碩公主額駙,杏黃傘二,旗十,大、小扇二,貼方金四。 侯、郡主額駙,杏黃傘一,旗十,大、小扇二,貼方金三。 伯,杏黃傘一,旗十,大、小扇二,貼圓金一。 一品官,杏黃傘一,旗八,大、小扇二,貼圓金四。 二品官,杏黃傘一,旗六,大、小扇二,貼圓金三。 三品官,杏黃傘一,旗六,大、小扇二,貼圓金二。 四品官,旗四,灑金大、小扇二。 五品以下官如三年例。 京城內不得排列旗、傘,惟於外用之。 宗室、覺羅各官,扇柄及棍皆丹漆。 凡入皇城,惟用小扇。 九年,定公以下、漢文官三品以上,皇城外坐暗轎,四人舁之,掌扇各書官銜,兼滿、漢字。 康熙初年,定公、和碩公主額駙,旗十,杏黃傘二,金黃棍四。 侯、伯、郡主額駙,旗十,杏黃傘一,金黃棍四。 都統,鎮國將軍,內大臣,縣主額駙,子,滿、漢大學士,尚書,左都御史,旗八,杏黃傘一,金黃棍二。 輔國將軍,郡君額駙,護軍統領,前鋒統領,副都統,男,滿、漢侍郎,學士,步軍總尉及三品官,旗六,杏黃傘一,金黃棍二。 四品官旗四。 京城內一品官以上惟用傘、棍,二品官並不用傘。 四年,定在京文官三品以上、武官散秩大臣以上,一人引馬前導,其餘各官禁之。 七年,定在京各官停用傘、棍,民公以下俱照順治八年例,出京用鞍籠閒馬前導。 康熙七年,定外官儀從。 總督,杏黃傘二,金黃棍二,旗八,扇二,兵拳二,雁翎刀二,飛虎旗二,獸劍二,桐棍二,槊棍二,槍四,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 巡撫,杏黃傘二,金黃棍二,旗八,扇二,獸劍二,桐棍二,槊棍二,槍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 布政使、按察使,杏黃傘二,金黃棍二,旗六,扇二,槊棍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 各道掌印、都司、知府,杏黃傘一,旗四,桐棍二,槊棍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 同知、通判、知州、知縣,藍傘一,扇一,桐棍一,槊棍一,迴避牌二。 州同、州判、縣丞,藍傘一,桐棍二。 典史、雜職,竹板二。 提督,杏黃傘二,金黃棍二,旗八,扇二,兵拳二,雁翎刀二,飛虎旗二,槍二,獸劍二,刑仗二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 總兵,杏黃傘二,金黃棍二,旗八,扇二,大刀一,獸劍二,槍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 副將,杏黃傘二,金黃棍二,旗六,扇二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 參將、游擊、都司,杏黃傘一,旗四,扇一,桐棍二,迴避、肅靜牌各二。 守備,杏黃傘一,旗四,扇一,棍二。 崇德初年,定固倫額駙,彩畫雲紅傘一,豹尾槍二,紅仗二。 超品公、和碩額駙,金黃傘一,豹尾槍二,旗六,後從十人。 民公、郡主額駙,金黃傘一,豹尾槍一,旗六,後從八人。 都統、子、尚書、縣主額駙,金黃傘一,旗六,後從六人。 內大臣、大學士、副都統、護軍統領、前鋒統領、侍郎、郡君額駙,旗六,後從四人。 一等侍衛、護衛、參領、前鋒參領、縣君額駙、學士、滿啟心郎、郎中,旗四,後從四人。 二等侍衛、護衛、佐領、漢啟心郎、員外郎,旗二,後從二人。 三等侍衛、護衛、護軍校、主事以下官員,止用後從一人。
Among military officials, a provincial commander-in-chief received eight blue flags; two each of flying-tiger flags, apricot-yellow umbrellas, blue fans, military fists, goose-feather sabers, ceremonial swords, and punishment staffs; four flag spears; and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Regional commanders received eight blue flags; two each of flying-tiger flags, apricot-yellow umbrellas, blue fans, ceremonial swords, flag spears, and broadswords; and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Brigadier generals received six blue flags, one apricot-yellow umbrella, two blue fans, two golden-yellow sticks, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Colonels, brigade commanders, and garrison commanders received four blue flags, one apricot-yellow umbrella, one blue fan, two paulownia sticks, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Fortress commanders received four blue flags, one apricot-yellow umbrella, one blue fan, and two paulownia sticks. Provincial garrison generals ranked with metropolitan banner vice commanders-in-chief. From vice commander-in-chief downward all matched the capital establishment. In the third year of Shunzhi the court fixed the ceremonial retinue of capital officials: a duke received one official fan bearing a square gold appliqué. For officials' ceremonial fans, first rank bore four round gold appliqués, second rank three, and third rank two; fourth rank used gold-sprinkled fans; fifth through seventh ranks used plain black fans; and eighth and ninth ranks used white fans. In the sixth year the court ruled that from duke downward officials of fourth rank and above carried one large and one small gold-sprinkled fan; civil officials employed two sugarcane sticks and military officials two palm-bamboo sticks. In the eighth year a commoner duke and an imperial son-in-law of a Princess of Harmonious Solemnity were allotted two apricot-yellow umbrellas, ten flags, two large and small fans, and four square gold appliqués. A marquis and an imperial son-in-law of a commandery princess received one apricot-yellow umbrella, ten flags, two large and small fans, and three square gold appliqués. An earl received one apricot-yellow umbrella, ten flags, two large and small fans, and one round gold appliqué. A first-rank official received one apricot-yellow umbrella, eight flags, two large and small fans, and four round gold appliqués. A second-rank official received one apricot-yellow umbrella, six flags, two large and small fans, and three round gold appliqués. A third-rank official received one apricot-yellow umbrella, six flags, two large and small fans, and two round gold appliqués. A fourth-rank official received four flags and two large and small gold-sprinkled fans. Officials of fifth rank and below followed the regulations of the third year. Within the capital flags and umbrellas might not be displayed; they were permitted only outside the city. Imperial clansmen and gioro officials lacquered both fan handles and sticks in cinnabar. Upon entering the Imperial City only small fans might be carried. In the ninth year the court ruled that from duke downward and Han civil officials of third rank and above traveled outside the Imperial City in closed sedan chairs carried by four bearers, with ceremonial fans inscribed in both Manchu and Chinese with their titles. In the early Kangxi era a duke and an imperial son-in-law of a Princess of Harmonious Solemnity received ten flags, two apricot-yellow umbrellas, and four golden-yellow sticks. A marquis, earl, and imperial son-in-law of a commandery princess received ten flags, one apricot-yellow umbrella, and four golden-yellow sticks. Banner commanders-in-chief, defenders of the state generals, inner grand ministers, imperial sons-in-law of county princesses, viscounts, Manchu and Han grand secretaries, ministers, and the left censor-in-chief received eight flags, one apricot-yellow umbrella, and two golden-yellow sticks. Bulwark-of-the-state generals, imperial sons-in-law of commandery ladies, commanders of the Guard and Vanguard, vice commanders-in-chief, barons, Manchu and Han vice ministers, academicians, the commandant of the Metropolitan Infantry, and third-rank officials received six flags, one apricot-yellow umbrella, and two golden-yellow sticks. Fourth-rank officials received four flags. Within the capital first-rank officials and above might carry only umbrellas and sticks, and second-rank officials might not use umbrellas at all. In the fourth year the court ruled that in the capital civil officials of third rank and above and senior military ministers without portfolio might be preceded by one horse guide, while all other officials were forbidden the practice. In the seventh year the court abolished umbrellas and sticks for all capital officials; from commoner duke downward all followed the Shunzhi eighth-year regulations, employing saddle-caged spare horses as outriders when traveling outside the capital. In the seventh year of Kangxi the court fixed the ceremonial retinue of provincial officials. A governor-general received two apricot-yellow umbrellas, two golden-yellow sticks, eight flags, two fans, two military fists, two goose-feather sabers, two flying-tiger flags, two ceremonial swords, two paulownia sticks, two spear-sticks, four spears, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. A governor received two apricot-yellow umbrellas, two golden-yellow sticks, eight flags, two fans, two ceremonial swords, two paulownia sticks, two spear-sticks, two spears, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Financial and judicial commissioners received two apricot-yellow umbrellas, two golden-yellow sticks, six flags, two fans, two spear-sticks, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Circuit seal-holders, regional commanders, and prefects received one apricot-yellow umbrella, four flags, two paulownia sticks, two spear-sticks, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Vice prefects, subprefects, department magistrates, and county magistrates received one blue umbrella, one fan, one paulownia stick, one spear-stick, and two avoidance placards. Department assistants, department judges, and county assistants received one blue umbrella and two paulownia sticks. Petty officials and miscellaneous posts were allowed two bamboo boards. Provincial military governors received two apricot-yellow umbrellas, two golden-yellow sticks, eight flags, two fans, two military fists, two goose-quill sabers, two flying-tiger flags, two spears, two beast swords, two punishment staffs, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Regional commanders received two apricot-yellow umbrellas, two golden-yellow sticks, eight flags, two fans, one great sword, two beast swords, two spears, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Deputy commanders received two apricot-yellow umbrellas, two golden-yellow sticks, six flags, two fans, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Brigade generals, mobile detachment commanders, and regional commanders received one apricot-yellow umbrella, four flags, one fan, two paulownia sticks, and two each of avoidance and silence placards. Garrison commanders received one apricot-yellow umbrella, four flags, one fan, and two sticks. In the early Chongde years the court fixed for an imperial son-in-law of an imperial princess of the first rank one cloud-painted red umbrella, two leopard-tail spears, and two red staffs. A supra-rank duke and an imperial son-in-law of a princess of the second rank received one golden-yellow umbrella, two leopard-tail spears, six flags, and ten attendants in the rear. A Han duke and an imperial son-in-law of a commandery princess received one golden-yellow umbrella, one leopard-tail spear, six flags, and eight attendants in the rear. A banner commander, viscount, minister of a ministry, and imperial son-in-law of a county princess received one golden-yellow umbrella, six flags, and six attendants in the rear. An inner grand minister, grand secretary, deputy banner commander, guard-army commander, vanguard commander, vice minister, and imperial son-in-law of a commandery lady received six flags and four attendants in the rear. A first-class guard, bodyguard, company commander, vanguard company commander, imperial son-in-law of a county lady, academician, Manchu qinxinlang, and department director received four flags and four attendants in the rear. A second-class guard, bodyguard, assistant company commander, Han qinxinlang, and vice director received two flags and two attendants in the rear. Third-class guards, bodyguards, guard-army officers, and officials from secretary downward were limited to a single attendant in the rear.