1
志九十三
Treatise Ninety-three
2
職官五內務府
Offices Five: The Imperial Household Department
3
內務府行宮園囿御船處等官學武英殿修書處
The Imperial Household Department; traveling palaces, imperial parks, and the Imperial Boat Office, among other offices; official schools; and the Wuying Hall Book Repair Office
4
上駟院武備院奉宸苑盛京內務府宦官
The Imperial Stud; the Armory Bureau; the Imperial Parks Department; the Mukden Imperial Household Department; and eunuchs
5
內務府總管大臣，無員限。 滿洲大臣內特簡。 初制從二品。 乾隆十四年定正二品。 其屬：堂郎中，主事，各一人。 筆帖式三十有六人。
Superintendent grand ministers of the Imperial Household Department served without a fixed quota. They were specially appointed from among Manchu grand ministers. Under the original regulations the post carried rank 2b. In the fourteenth year of the Qianlong reign the rank was fixed at 2a. Their subordinates included one director of the bureau secretariat and one secretary. There were thirty-six clerks.
6
:廣儲司總管六庫郎中四人。 內二人由各部員司兼攝。 銀、皮、磁、緞、衣、茶六庫郎中四人。 銀庫二人，兼司皮、磁二庫。 緞庫二人，兼司衣、茶二庫。 員外郎十有八人。 庫各二人，兼攝各一人。 六品司庫六人，庫各一人。 八品司匠六人，銀、磁、衣三庫各二人。 副司庫十有二人，庫使八十人。 俱無品級。
Bureau of General Storage: four directors supervising the six storehouses. Two of these posts were concurrently filled by secretaries from the various ministries. Four directors for the six storehouses—silver, hides, porcelain, silk, garments, and tea. Two directors for the silver storehouse also administered the hides and porcelain storehouses. Two directors for the silk storehouse also administered the garments and tea storehouses. There were eighteen vice directors. Each storehouse had two vice directors, with one additional post held concurrently. Six storehouse superintendents of rank 6, one assigned to each storehouse. Six workshop superintendents of rank 8, with two each for the silver, porcelain, and garments storehouses. There were twelve assistant storehouse superintendents and eighty storehouse attendants. All of these posts carried no official rank.
7
:織造，蘇州，杭州各一人，司員內奏簡。 六品司庫各一人，庫使、筆帖式各二人。
Weaving offices: one director each at Suzhou and Hangzhou, appointed by memorial from among the bureau secretaries. Each office had one storehouse superintendent of rank 6, two storehouse attendants, and two clerks.
8
:會稽、掌禮、都虞、慎刑、營造、慶豐六司，郎中十有二人，司各二人。 員外郎三十有二人。 會稽、都虞、慶豐各五人，掌禮、營造各六人，慎刑四人。 主事各一人。 催長二十有三人，廣儲八人，會稽五人，都虞四人，掌禮、慎刑、營造各二人。 自八品至無品級不等。 副催長十有三人，廣儲、都虞各四人，會稽三人，掌禮、慎刑、營造各二人。 自九品至無品級不等。 委署催長一人，司匠二人。 俱無品級。 營造司置。
Six bureaus—Accounts, Ceremonies, Household Affairs, Punishments, Construction, and Celebratory Abundance—had twelve directors in all, two for each bureau. There were thirty-two vice directors. Accounts, Household Affairs, and Celebratory Abundance had five each; Ceremonies and Construction had six each; Punishments had four. Each bureau had one secretary. There were twenty-three supervising clerks—eight in General Storage, five in Accounts, four in Household Affairs, and two each in Ceremonies, Punishments, and Construction. Their ranks ranged from rank 8 down to posts without official rank. There were thirteen assistant supervising clerks—four each in General Storage and Household Affairs, three in Accounts, and two each in Ceremonies, Punishments, and Construction. Their ranks ranged from rank 9 down to posts without official rank. There was one acting supervising clerk and two workshop superintendents. All of these posts carried no official rank. These posts were established under the Bureau of Construction.
9
:錢糧衙門亦曰管理三旗銀兩處郎中一人，員外郎四人，催長、副催長各三人。 俱九品。 司俎官四人，正六品。 讀祝官四人，學習三人。 贊禮郎十有三人，學習四人。 俱六品銜食七品俸。 八品催長一人，果房掌果、副掌果各二人，果上人十有二人，催長一人。 俱九品。 自司俎以下隸掌禮司。 木、鐵、房、器、薪、炭六庫庫掌，副庫掌，各三人。 庫守五十有五人。 木、房二庫各十有一人，炭庫八人，鐵庫四人，器、薪二庫、圓明園薪炭庫各七人。 無品級。 鐵作、漆作司匠，八品銜。 委署司匠，俱各一人。 爆作庫掌、副庫掌各一人。 俱未入流。 隸營造司。 牛羊羣牧值年委署主事一人。 六品銜食筆帖式原俸。 隸慶豐司。 官房租庫庫掌一人，庫守三人。
The Grain and Funds Office, also known as the Office for Managing Silver of the Three Banners, had one director, four vice directors, and three supervising clerks and three assistant supervising clerks. All held rank 9. Four sacrificial-meat officers of rank 6a. Four prayer-recitation officers and three trainees. There were thirteen ritual announcers and four trainees. All bore rank-6 titles but were paid at rank-7 salaries. There was one supervising clerk of rank 8; the Fruit Office had two chief fruit stewards and two assistants; twelve senior fruit stewards; and one supervising clerk. All held rank 9. From the sacrificial-meat officers downward, all were subordinate to the Bureau of Ceremonies. The six storehouses—timber, iron, housing supplies, utensils, firewood, and charcoal—each had three storehouse chiefs and three assistant chiefs. There were fifty-five storehouse guards. The timber and housing-supplies storehouses had eleven guards each; the charcoal storehouse had eight; the iron storehouse had four; and the utensils, firewood, and Old Summer Palace firewood-and-charcoal storehouses had seven each. These posts carried no official rank. Workshop superintendents for ironwork and lacquerwork held rank-8 titles. Each workshop also had one acting superintendent. The powder workshop had one storehouse chief and one assistant chief. All of these posts lay outside the regular rank stream. They were subordinate to the Bureau of Construction. One acting secretary served on annual rotation over the cattle and sheep herds. The post carried a rank-6 title while the holder was paid a clerk's original salary. This post was subordinate to the Bureau of Celebratory Abundance. The Official Rent Storehouse had one storehouse chief and three storehouse guards.
10
:內管領掌關防一人，郎中充。 協理二人。 員外郎充。 內管領、初制正五品。 道光三十五年改從五品。 副內管領正六品。 各三十人。 庫掌十有五人，菜庫六人，車庫五人，酒、醋、房、器庫各二人。 倉長十有三人。 官三倉六人，外餑餑房三人，內餑餑房、器倉、糖倉、米倉各一人。 俱無品級。
Interior stewards: one keeper of the official seal, filled by a bureau director. Two assistant administrators. These posts were filled by vice directors. Interior stewards were originally rank 5a. In the thirty-fifth year of the Daoguang reign the rank was changed to 5b. Deputy interior stewards held rank 6a. There were thirty of each. Fifteen storehouse chiefs were assigned—six to the vegetable storehouse, five to the carriage storehouse, and two each to the wine, vinegar, housing-supplies, and utensils storehouses. There were thirteen granary chiefs. Six served the Official Three Granaries, three the outer pastry kitchen, and one each the inner pastry kitchen, utensils granary, sugar granary, and rice granary. All of these posts carried no official rank.
11
:養心殿造辦處郎中、員外郎各二人，主事一人，六品庫掌六人，副庫掌十人，八品催長十有四人。 其兼轄者：圓明園活計處副庫掌四人，副司匠九人。 俱無品級。
The Hall of Mental Cultivation Manufacturing Office had two directors and two vice directors, one secretary, six storehouse chiefs of rank 6, ten assistant storehouse chiefs, and fourteen supervising clerks of rank 8. It also had concurrent jurisdiction over the Old Summer Palace Works Office, with four assistant storehouse chiefs and nine assistant workshop superintendents. All of these posts carried no official rank.
12
:中正殿員外郎，副內管領三十額內題補。 各二人，無品級催長一人。
Hall of Central Correctness: two vice directors and two deputy interior stewards, appointed by memorial from within the quota of thirty. There were two of each, plus one supervising clerk without official rank.
13
:寧壽宮郎中、員外郎各二人，主事、委署主事各一人。
Palace of Tranquil Longevity: two directors and two vice directors, one secretary, and one acting secretary.
14
:武英殿修書處正監造員外郎、副監造副內管領、六品庫掌、委署主事各一人，七品銜庫掌二人。
Wuying Hall Book Repair Office: one chief supervisor as vice director, one deputy supervisor as deputy interior steward, one storehouse chief of rank 6, one acting secretary, and two storehouse chiefs with rank-7 titles.
15
:御書處正監造司庫六品銜食七品俸。 一人，副監造庫掌六品銜食八品俸。 二人，七品銜副庫掌六人。
Imperial Calligraphy Office: the chief supervisor was a storehouse superintendent bearing a rank-6 title but paid at rank-7 salary. There was one such post; the deputy supervisor was a storehouse chief bearing a rank-6 title but paid at rank-8 salary. There were two deputy supervisors and six assistant storehouse chiefs with rank-7 titles.
16
:茶膳房一、二、三等侍衛，一等三品，二等四品，三等五品。 尚膳正各三人，四品。 尚茶正各二人，四品。 尚膳副、尚茶副、俱五品。 主事俱各一人。 膳上侍衛十有三人，茶上侍衛八人，俱六品。 主事、委署主事各一人，承應長十有三人，庖長八人，庫掌五人，庫守十有六人。 承應長以下，給虛銜金頂。
Tea and Provisions Office: bodyguards of the first, second, and third classes—rank 3, rank 4, and rank 5 respectively. There were three chief provision stewards of rank 4. There were two chief tea stewards of rank 4. Deputy provision stewards and deputy tea stewards all held rank 5. Each office had one secretary. There were thirteen provision bodyguards and eight tea bodyguards, all of rank 6. There was one secretary and one acting secretary; thirteen service chiefs; eight kitchen chiefs; five storehouse chiefs; and sixteen storehouse guards. From service chiefs downward, holders received nominal titles and gold finials.
17
:御藥房初以總管首領太監管理。 康熙三十年始來隸。 主事一人，七品銜庫掌二人，委署主事、催長各一人。 火藥庫庫掌二人。 各處筆帖式二百有七人。
Imperial Pharmacy: at first it was managed by eunuch chiefs under the superintendent. Only in the thirtieth year of the Kangxi reign did it come under the department's jurisdiction. It had one secretary, two storehouse chiefs with rank-7 titles, one acting secretary, and one supervising clerk. The gunpowder storehouse had two storehouse chiefs. Two hundred and seven clerks served at the various offices.
18
自養心殿以下，並簡大臣領之，與內府大臣同為內廷右職。 其兼攝者：昇平署、官房租庫、犧牲所司員各二人； 保和、太和、中和三殿司員、內管領各一人； 壽康宮、慈寧宮花園司員各二人； 御藥房內管領一人、副內管領二人； 總理工程處司員無恆額。 查覈房、督催房、匯稿處，並遴司員分蒞其事。
From the Hall of Mental Cultivation downward, grand ministers were also appointed to head these offices, sharing with the Imperial Household ministers the status of the chief inner-court posts on the right. Concurrently held posts included two secretaries each for the Shengping Office, the Official Rent Storehouse, and the Sacrificial Victims Office; one secretary and one interior steward each for the Halls of Preserving Harmony, Supreme Harmony, and Central Harmony; two secretaries each for the Palace of Longevity and Health and the Cining Palace Garden; the Imperial Pharmacy, with one interior steward and two deputy interior stewards; and the General Works Office, with no fixed quota of secretaries. For the Audit Office, Supervision Office, and Draft Compilation Office, secretaries were likewise selected to share the duties.
19
總管大臣掌內府政令，供御諸職，靡所不綜。 堂郎中、主事掌文職銓選，章奏文移。 廣儲掌六庫出納，織造、織染局隸之。 會稽掌本府出納，凡果園地畝、戶口徭役，歲終會覈以聞。 掌禮掌本府祭祀與其禮儀樂舞，兼稽太監品級，果園賦稅。 都虞掌武職銓選，稽覈俸饟恩血阜，珠軒歲納，佃漁歲輸，並定其額以供。 慎刑掌本府刑名，依律擬罪，重讞移三法司會訊題結； 番役處隸之。 營造掌本府繕修，庀材飭工，帥六庫三作以供令。 慶豐掌牛羊群牧，嘉薦犧牲。 錢糧衙門掌三旗莊賦，治其賞罰與其優血阜。 內管領處掌承應中宮差務，並稽官三倉物用、恩豐倉餼米。 官房租庫掌收房稅。 養心殿造辦處掌製造器用。 中正殿各司員掌喇嘛唪經。 武英殿修書處掌監刊書籍。 雍和、寧壽兩宮司員掌陳設氾埽，兼稽宮監勤惰。 御書處掌鐫摹御書。 御茶膳房掌供飲食。 御藥房掌合丸散。 犧牲所掌牧養黝牛。 總理工程處掌行營工作。 凡遇工程，簡勘估大臣、承修大臣，事畢簡查驗大臣。
The superintendent grand ministers directed the department's policies and commands and oversaw every duty involved in supplying the court. The bureau director and secretary managed civil appointments, memorials, and official correspondence. General Storage controlled receipts and disbursements for the six storehouses, with the weaving offices and the dyeing bureau subordinate to it. Accounts managed the department's receipts and disbursements, audited orchard lands, household registers, and corvée duties at year's end, and reported the results. Ceremonies oversaw the department's sacrifices and their ritual music and dance, and also audited eunuch ranks and orchard taxes. Household Affairs managed military appointments, audited salaries, rations, and relief grants, supervised annual tribute from the Pearl Office and annual payments from tenant farming and fisheries, and fixed the quotas for supply. Punishments handled the department's criminal cases, determined penalties according to law, and referred major cases to the Three Judicial Offices for joint interrogation and final memorialized ruling; the Banner Service Office was subordinate to it. Construction oversaw the department's repairs, prepared materials, directed workers, and led the six storehouses and three workshops in carrying out orders. Celebratory Abundance managed the cattle and sheep herds and supplied fine sacrificial victims. The Grain and Funds Office managed the estate levies of the Three Banners and administered their rewards, punishments, and preferential relief. The Interior Steward Office handled duties assigned by the empress and audited supplies from the Official Three Granaries and grain rations from the Enfeng Granary. The Official Rent Storehouse collected house rents. The Hall of Mental Cultivation Manufacturing Office oversaw the manufacture of utensils. The secretaries of the Hall of Central Correctness supervised Lama sutra chanting. The Wuying Hall Book Repair Office supervised the printing of books. The secretaries of the Yonghe and Ningshou palaces managed furnishings and cleaning, and also audited the diligence of palace eunuchs. The Imperial Calligraphy Office oversaw the carving and copying of imperial calligraphy. The Imperial Tea and Provisions Office supplied food and drink. The Imperial Pharmacy compounded pills and powders. The Sacrificial Victims Office raised black cattle for sacrifice. The General Works Office managed construction work at the traveling palaces. Whenever a project arose, grand ministers were selected to survey and estimate the work and to oversee construction; when the work was finished, grand ministers were selected to inspect it.
20
初制，設內務府，以舊屬司其事。 入關後，明三十二衛人附之，設內管領處，置內管領八人。 順治三年增四人，十一年增八人，分隸三旗。 康熙二十四年增四人，三十年增三人，三十四年增三人。 設茶飯處，置總領各三人，飯上人三十有五人，茶上人十有七人，康熙二十年置飯上人委署總領一人。 雍正元年定總領授二等侍衛； 飯上人授三等侍衛六人，藍翎侍衛七人； 茶上人三等侍衛三人，藍翎侍衛四人； 復置茶房侍衛內委署總領一人。 乾隆八年定三等侍衛內各授一等侍衛一人。 十五年改飯房為外膳房。 二十四年改總領為尚膳正、尚茶正，副總領為尚膳副、尚茶副。 承應長十人，康熙六十一年增一人。 雍正元年增一人。 庖長三人，康熙五十六年增六人，六十一年增一人。 雍正元年增二人。 及蘇州、江寧、杭州織造官。 光緒三十年省江寧一人。 順治十一年，命工部立十三衙門，設司禮、御用、御馬、內官、尚衣、尚膳、尚寶、司設八監，尚方、惜薪、鐘鼓三司，兵仗、織染二局； 並三旗牛羊群牧處，置員外郎六人。 管理牛只、羊只各三人。 康熙二十三年各增二人。 乾隆十四年省入寧壽宮一人。 咸豐三年省入慎刑司二人。 光緒三十年省一人。 明年，改尚方司為院，置郎中三人，康熙三十一年省一人。 員外郎六人，康熙三十八年省一人，六十一年省一人。 光緒三十年省四人。 催總一人。 雍正二年增一人。 乾隆二十四年更名催長。 下同。 十三年，改鐘鼓司為禮儀監，尚寶監為司。 時猶舊臣、寺臣兼用也。 十七年，改禮儀監為院，置郎中三人，康熙三十八年省一人。 員外郎八人，光緒三十年省一人。 贊禮郎十有二人，雍正五年增五人。 司胙官四人，康熙三十七年增一人。 乾隆二十四年改「胙」為「俎」。 光緒三十年省一人。 喇嘛唪經處催總一人。 乾隆三十三省。 改內官監為宣徽院，置郎中三人，康熙二十八年省一人。 雍正元年增一人。 乾隆四十年改隸寧壽宮一人。 員外郎六人，光緒三十年省一人。 催總八人。 康熙間屢有增損。 嘉慶十一年定留頂戴催長五人。 十八年，御用監設銀、皮、緞、衣四庫，置郎中三人，員外郎八人，庫使四十人。 康熙九年增二十人，十四年增二十有四人，明年省四人，二十八年增十有二人。 乾隆十二年升十二人為副司庫。
Under the original regulations the Imperial Household Department was established, with former subordinates managing its affairs. After the conquest, personnel from the Ming Thirty-two Guards were attached, and the Interior Steward Office was established with eight interior stewards. In the third year of Shunzhi four were added, in the eleventh year eight more were added, and they were distributed among the Three Banners. In the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi four were added, in the thirtieth year three more, and in the thirty-fourth year three more. The Tea and Food Office was established with three chiefs each, thirty-five senior provision stewards, and seventeen senior tea stewards; in the twentieth year of Kangxi one acting chief was added among the senior provision stewards. In the first year of Yongzheng it was fixed that chiefs should receive second-class bodyguard rank; six senior provision stewards received third-class bodyguard rank and seven received blue-plume bodyguard rank; three senior tea stewards received third-class bodyguard rank and four received blue-plume bodyguard rank; and one acting chief was again established among the tea-room bodyguards. In the eighth year of Qianlong it was fixed that within each third-class bodyguard group one holder should receive first-class bodyguard rank. In the fifteenth year the provision kitchen was renamed the Outer Provisions Office. In the twenty-fourth year chiefs were renamed chief provision stewards and chief tea stewards, and deputy chiefs were renamed deputy provision stewards and deputy tea stewards. There were ten service chiefs; in the sixty-first year of Kangxi one more was added. In the first year of Yongzheng one more was added. There were three kitchen chiefs; in the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi six more were added, and in the sixty-first year one more. In the first year of Yongzheng two more were added. There were also weaving officials at Suzhou, Jiangning, and Hangzhou. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu the Jiangning post was abolished. In the eleventh year of Shunzhi the Ministry of Works was ordered to establish thirteen offices: eight directorates—Rites, Imperial Use, Imperial Horses, Inner Palace, Imperial Garments, Imperial Provisions, Imperial Seals, and Equipment—and three bureaus—Imperial Manufactures, Firewood, and Bells and Drums—and two workshops—Arms and Weaving and Dyeing; together with the Three Banners Cattle and Sheep Herds Office, for which six vice directors were appointed. Three officials managed cattle and three managed sheep. In the twenty-third year of Kangxi two more were added to each group. In the fourteenth year of Qianlong one post was transferred to the Palace of Tranquil Longevity. In the third year of Xianfeng two posts were transferred to the Bureau of Punishments. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu one post was abolished. The next year the Imperial Manufactures Bureau was elevated to an office with three directors; in the thirty-first year of Kangxi one post was abolished. There were six vice directors; in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi one was abolished, and in the sixty-first year another. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu four posts were abolished. There was one supervising chief. In the second year of Yongzheng one more was added. In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong the title was changed to supervising clerk. The same applies below. In the thirteenth year the Bells and Drums Bureau was renamed the Rites Directorate, and the Imperial Seals Directorate was reduced to a bureau. At the time former Ming officials and temple officials were still employed side by side. In the seventeenth year the Rites Directorate was elevated to an office with three directors; in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi one post was abolished. There were eight vice directors; in the thirtieth year of Guangxu one was abolished. There were twelve ritual announcers; in the fifth year of Yongzheng five more were added. There were four sacrificial-meat officers; in the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi one more was added. In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong the title was changed from sacrificial-flesh officer to sacrificial-stand officer. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu one post was abolished. The Lama Sutra Chanting Office had one supervising chief. It was abolished in the thirty-third year of Qianlong. The Inner Palace Directorate was renamed the Xuanhui Office with three directors; in the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi one post was abolished. In the first year of Yongzheng one more was added. In the fortieth year of Qianlong one post was transferred to the Palace of Tranquil Longevity. There were six vice directors; in the thirtieth year of Guangxu one was abolished. There were eight supervising chiefs. During the Kangxi reign the numbers were repeatedly increased and reduced. In the eleventh year of Jiaqing it was fixed to retain five supervising clerks with official finials. In the eighteenth year the Imperial Use Directorate established four storehouses—silver, hides, silk, and garments—with three directors, eight vice directors, and forty storehouse attendants. In the ninth year of Kangxi twenty were added, in the fourteenth year twenty-four more, the next year four were cut, and in the twenty-eighth year twelve more were added. In the twelfth year of Qianlong twelve attendants were promoted to assistant storehouse superintendents.
21
康熙元年，誅內監吳良輔輩，復以三旗包衣設內務府，改尚膳監為采捕衙門，置郎中三人，三十八年省一人。 員外郎六人，六十一年省一人。 催總四人。 並改惜薪司為內工部，置郎中三人，三十八年省一人。 員外郎六人，十六年增二人。 光緒三十年省二人。 無品級庫掌十有二人，三十五年增二人。 雍正三年增三人，明年增一人。 復增置庫守、內副庫掌八人。 尋又改為庫掌、副庫掌各十有二人，砲作庫掌、副庫掌各一人。 八品催總一人，雍正四年增。 無品級。 催總一人，復於領催內增委署三人。 乾隆二十四年改委署催總為委署司匠。 庫守五十有九人。 三十五年增八人。 並置總管大臣，兼以公卿，無專員。 三年，置錢糧衙門員外郎六人。 咸豐二年省入慎刑司四人。 九年，四庫各置六品司庫二人。 十二年，置御藥房庫掌二人。 明年，總管大臣兼轄內三院。 十六年，置堂主事一人。 改御用監為廣儲司，宣徽院為會稽司，禮儀院為掌儀司，省牛羊群牧處入之。 置掌果二人，果上人十有二人。 尚方院為慎刑司，采捕衙門為都虞司，內工部為營造司。 二十三年，又分掌儀司立慶豐司，置郎中二人。 乾隆四十年省入寧壽宮一人。 五十七年復增一人。 是為七司。 至是奄宦之權悉歸於府矣。 是歲置內副管領二十人。 二十四年增四人，三十年增三人，三十四年增三人。 二十五年，茶飯房設乾肉庫，置庫掌一人。 三十年增一人，五十八年增二人。 雍正五年增一人，十二年增一人。 二十八年，廣儲司設瓷、茶二庫，各置員外郎二人，司庫二人，六庫通舊十有二人。 光緒三十年省六人。 匠役催總六人，乾隆二年增買辦催總二人，二十四年改買辦催總為催長，匠役催總為司匠。 無品級催總四人，乾隆二十四年改副催長。 是為六庫。 明年，改文書館為武英殿修書處，置監造官六人。 雍正二年省，四年復故。 乾隆四十七年定正監造為員外郎，副監造為副內管領。 御書處監造官四人。 四十六年增二人。 雍正二年省。 八年置一人。 乾隆四十七年定監造為司庫。 二十五年，暢春園設柴炭庫，置無品級庫掌二人，庫守八人。 四十二年，置堂郎中一人。 授永定河分司齊蘇勒，升後未補。 四十五年，置掌儀司副掌果二人。 六十年，設官房租庫，置庫掌一人。
In the first year of Kangxi the eunuchs Wu Liangfu and his associates were executed; the Imperial Household Department was re-established using bondservants of the Three Banners; the Imperial Provisions Directorate became the Hunting and Fishing Office with three directors, and in the thirty-eighth year one post was abolished. There were six vice directors; in the sixty-first year one was abolished. There were four supervising chiefs. The Firewood Bureau was also renamed the Inner Works Department with three directors; in the thirty-eighth year one post was abolished. There were six vice directors; in the sixteenth year two more were added. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu two posts were abolished. There were twelve storehouse chiefs without official rank; in the thirty-fifth year two more were added. In the third year of Yongzheng three more were added, and the next year one more. Eight storehouse guards and inner assistant storehouse chiefs were added again. Shortly afterward the posts were reorganized as twelve storehouse chiefs and twelve assistant chiefs, with one chief and one assistant for the gunpowder workshop. One rank-8 supervising chief was added in the fourth year of Yongzheng. The post carried no official rank. There was one supervising chief, and three acting appointees were again added from among the lead supervising clerks. In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong acting supervising chiefs were renamed acting workshop superintendents. There were fifty-nine storehouse guards. In the thirty-fifth year eight more were added. Superintendent grand ministers were also appointed, drawn concurrently from dukes and ministers rather than as dedicated posts. In the third year six vice directors were appointed for the Grain and Funds Office. In the second year of Xianfeng four posts were transferred to the Bureau of Punishments. In the ninth year each of the four storehouses received two storehouse superintendents of rank 6. In the twelfth year the Imperial Pharmacy received two storehouse chiefs. The next year the superintendent grand ministers were given concurrent jurisdiction over the three inner courts. In the sixteenth year one bureau secretary was appointed. The Imperial Use Directorate became General Storage, the Xuanhui Office became Accounts, the Rites Office became Ceremonies, and the cattle and sheep herds office was abolished and merged into Ceremonies. Two chief fruit stewards and twelve senior fruit stewards were appointed. The Imperial Manufactures Office became Punishments, the Hunting and Fishing Office became Household Affairs, and the Inner Works Department became Construction. In the twenty-third year Celebratory Abundance was split off from Ceremonies, with two directors appointed. In the fortieth year of Qianlong one post was transferred to the Palace of Tranquil Longevity. In the fifty-seventh year one more was added. These constituted the seven bureaus. By then all eunuch authority had passed entirely to the Imperial Household Department. That year twenty inner deputy stewards were appointed. Four were added in the twenty-fourth year, three in the thirtieth, and three in the thirty-fourth. In the twenty-fifth year the Tea and Meal Office opened a dried-meat storehouse with one storehouse chief. One was added in the thirtieth year and two in the fifty-eighth. In the fifth year of Yongzheng one more was added, and another in the twelfth year. In the twenty-eighth year General Storage added porcelain and tea storehouses, each with two vice directors and two storehouse superintendents, for twelve posts in all across the six storehouses. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu six posts were abolished. There were six artisan-work supervising chiefs; in the second year of Qianlong two procurement chiefs were added, and in the twenty-fourth year procurement chiefs became supervising clerks and artisan chiefs became master artisans. Four supervising chiefs held no official rank; in the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong their title was changed to assistant supervising clerk. These constituted the six storehouses. The next year the Document Office became the Wuying Hall Book Repair Office, with six supervising manufacture officials appointed. The office was abolished in the second year of Yongzheng and restored in the fourth year. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong the chief supervisor was fixed as vice director and the deputy supervisor as deputy interior steward. The Imperial Calligraphy Office had four supervising manufacture officials. Two were added in the forty-sixth year. The post was abolished in the second year of Yongzheng. One was appointed in the eighth year. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong the supervising manufacture official was fixed as storehouse superintendent. In the twenty-fifth year a charcoal storehouse was opened at Changchun Garden, with two storehouse chiefs without official rank and eight storehouse guards. In the forty-second year one hall director was appointed. The appointment went to Qi Sule of the Yongding River sub-office, but after his promotion the post was left vacant. In the forty-fifth year the Bureau of Ceremonies received two assistant chief fruit stewards. In the sixtieth year the Official Rent Storehouse was established with one storehouse chief.
22
雍正元年，設錢糧衙門，置郎中一人，堂司委署主事十人。 十二年省。 乾隆二十二年復故。 嘉慶四年增堂上一人。 光緒三十年省。 留慶豐司一人。 明年，設養心殿造辦處，置六品庫掌四人，乾隆三十年增二人。 嘉慶四年增四人。 光緒三十年省四人。 御書處庫掌一人，乾隆四年增二人。 四十七年改一人為副監造。 稽查御史一人。 十一年省。 乾隆三年改由都察院派員稽查。 三年，置錢糧衙門無品級催總一人。 七年增一人。 乾隆四年增一人。 復於領催內增副催總三人。 二十四年改副催長。 嘉慶三年留頂戴催長、副催長各三人。 四年，置茶飯房主事一人。 改都虞司承辦鮮魚歸掌儀司，增催總一人。 八年增一人。 乾隆八年增置承辦姜蒜領催、內副催總二人。 二十四年更名副催長。 十三年，復置坐辦堂郎中，省督催所入之。 乾隆元年，置錢糧衙門主事一人。 四十年改隸寧壽宮。 五年，置造辦處專管庫務官、造辦事務官各一人，御藥房主事一人。 七年，置御書處庫掌二人，八年增一人，十五年增一人，四十四年增二人。 官房租庫委署主事一人。 尋省。 十二年，六庫置委署司庫各二人，尋改為副司庫。 二十三年，改造辦處庫務事務官為郎中，各置一人，員外郎二人，主事、委署主事各一人，御藥房委署主事一人。 二十六年，置總理工程處委署主事一人。 後改司員兼管。 四十年，置寧壽宮郎中、員外郎各二人，主事一人。 咸豐六年，增置讀祝官四人。 故事，內府讀祝官咨取太常寺贊禮郎為之，至是始定員缺。 宣統元年，避上諱改掌儀司曰掌禮。
In the first year of Yongzheng the Grain and Funds Office was established with one director and ten acting bureau secretaries delegated from the hall bureaus. It was abolished in the twelfth year. It was restored in the twenty-second year of Qianlong. In the fourth year of Jiaqing one hall-level post was added. It was abolished in the thirtieth year of Guangxu. One post was retained at Celebratory Abundance. The next year the Hall of Mental Cultivation Manufacturing Office was established with four storehouse chiefs of rank 6; in the thirtieth year of Qianlong two more were added. Four were added in the fourth year of Jiaqing. Four posts were abolished in the thirtieth year of Guangxu. The Imperial Calligraphy Office had one storehouse chief; in the fourth year of Qianlong two more were added. In the forty-seventh year one post was redesignated deputy supervisor. There was one investigating censor. The post was abolished in the eleventh year. In the third year of Qianlong investigation was assigned to officials dispatched by the Censorate. In the third year the Grain and Funds Office received one supervising chief without official rank. One more was added in the seventh year. In the fourth year of Qianlong one more was added. Three deputy supervising chiefs were also added from among the lead expediters. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to assistant supervising clerk. In the third year of Jiaqing three supervising clerks and three assistant supervising clerks with official finials were retained. In the fourth year the Tea and Meal Office received one bureau secretary. Responsibility for fresh fish was moved from Household Affairs to Ceremonies, and one supervising chief was added. One more was added in the eighth year. In the eighth year of Qianlong two posts were added: a lead expediter for ginger and garlic and an inner deputy supervising chief. In the twenty-fourth year the title was renamed assistant supervising clerk. In the thirteenth year the resident hall director was restored, and the supervision expediting office was abolished and merged into that post. In the first year of Qianlong the Grain and Funds Office received one bureau secretary. In the fortieth year it was placed under the Palace of Tranquil Longevity. In the fifth year the Manufacturing Office received one official for storehouse affairs and one for manufacturing affairs, and the Imperial Pharmacy received one bureau secretary. In the seventh year the Imperial Calligraphy Office received two storehouse chiefs; one was added in the eighth year, one in the fifteenth, and two in the forty-fourth. The Official Rent Storehouse had one acting bureau secretary. The post was soon abolished. In the twelfth year each of the six storehouses received two acting storehouse superintendents, soon redesignated assistant storehouse superintendents. In the twenty-third year the Manufacturing Office's storehouse and manufacturing posts became directorships, with one director of each kind, two vice directors, one bureau secretary and one acting secretary each, and one acting secretary for the Imperial Pharmacy. In the twenty-sixth year the General Works Office received one acting bureau secretary. Later the duty was assigned to bureau officials on a concurrent basis. In the fortieth year the Palace of Tranquil Longevity received two directors, two vice directors, and one bureau secretary. In the sixth year of Xianfeng four prayer-recitation officials were added. By precedent, prayer-recitation officials of the inner department had been drawn by consultation from ritual announcers of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices; only now were fixed posts established. In the first year of Xuantong the Bureau of Ceremonies was renamed the Bureau of Rites to avoid the imperial taboo.
23
初制，司吏、宣徽、禮儀、尚方諸院，置總理，左、右協理各一人。 御用、御馬、尚衣、尚膳諸監，置都管，左、右副管各一人。 尚寶、惜薪二司，置都知，左、右參知各一人。 司設、兵仗二局，置總轄，左、右佐轄各一人。 文書館，置承製，左、右僉承各一人。 後俱省。
Under the original system the Records, Xuanhui, Rites, and Imperial Manufactures offices each had a general superintendent and left and right assistant superintendents. The Imperial Use, Imperial Horse, Imperial Garments, and Imperial Food directorates each had a chief steward and left and right deputy stewards. The Imperial Seals and Firewood offices each had a chief clerk and left and right assistant clerks. The Equipment and Armory bureaus each had a general controller and left and right assistant controllers. The Document Office had a document compiler and left and right associate compilers. All of these posts were later abolished.
24
東陵所屬盤山總管一人。 從五品。 乾隆二十九年置。 內圍千總、六品。 委署千總七、八品兼用。 各七人。 外營千總一人，把總七人。 分駐盤山、燕郊、白澗、桃花寺、隆福寺、大興莊、棽髻山。
The Eastern Tombs had one Panshan superintendent. The post carried rank 5b. It was established in the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong. Inner-precinct company commanders held rank 6. Acting company commanders were drawn from ranks 7 and 8. There were seven of each. There was one outer-camp company commander and seven platoon commanders. They were posted separately at Panshan, Yanjiao, Baijian, Taohua Temple, Longfu Temple, Daxing Village, and Shenji Mountain.
25
西陵所屬黃新莊總管一人。 乾隆二十九年置。 內圍千總、委署千總、外營把總各四人。 分駐黃新莊、半壁店、秋蘭村、梁格莊。
The Western Tombs had one Huangxin Village superintendent. It was established in the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong. There were four inner-precinct company commanders, four acting company commanders, and four outer-camp platoon commanders. They were posted separately at Huangxin Village, Banbi Shop, Qiulan Village, and Liangge Village.
26
湯泉所屬總管一人。 康熙五十四年置八品總領。 乾隆六年改置。 苑丞、六品銜食八品俸。 嘉慶十七年置。 苑副未入流。 各一人。 內圍千總、委署千總各六人，外營把總九人。 分駐石槽、三家店、密雲縣、要亭、羅家橋、懷柔縣。 自盤山以下各千總，俱乾隆間置。
Hot Springs had one superintendent. In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi a rank-8 chief steward was appointed. The post was reorganized in the sixth year of Qianlong. The garden director bore a rank-6 title but was paid at rank-8 salary. It was established in the seventeenth year of Jiaqing. The deputy garden director held no entry in the official register. There was one of each. There were six inner-precinct company commanders, six acting company commanders, and nine outer-camp platoon commanders. They were posted separately at Shicao, Sanjiadian, Miyun County, Yaoting, Luojia Bridge, and Huairou County. All company commanders from Panshan downward were established during the Qianlong reign.
27
熱河所屬總管，康熙四十二年置。 乾隆十六年定為本府額外郎中。 二十一年改佐領職銜。 三十五年給四品職銜。 光緒三十年省歸都統管。 副總管乾隆二十一年置，定為郎中職銜。 三十五年增三人，秩定五品，後改苑副。 光緒三十年省。 各一人。 苑丞、乾隆五十四年改苑副置。 苑副乾隆三十五年後置三人，四十五年增一人。 五十四年改苑丞。 嘉慶十八年後，復以千總十人改置。 二十年增一人。 二十四年定與千總互為轉補。 自是員額無恆制。 道光十八年省四人，二十八年又省四人。 各四人。 內圍千總十有八人，乾隆九年置。 道光十二年省二人，十八年又省二人。 委署千總二十有八人。 道光九年省七品一人。 十八年省七品、八品各十有二人。 千總、委署千總分駐兩間房、巴克什營、長山峪、王家營、喀喇河屯、釣魚台、黃土坎、中關、十八里台、汰波洛河屯、張三營、吉爾哈郎園。
Rehe had a superintendent, established in the forty-second year of Kangxi. In the sixteenth year of Qianlong the post was fixed as supernumerary director of the department. In the twenty-first year the title was changed to company commandant. In the thirty-fifth year the post was given a rank-4 title. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu the post was abolished and placed under the general's jurisdiction. A deputy superintendent was established in the twenty-first year of Qianlong, with the title of director. In the thirty-fifth year three more were added at rank 5, and the title was later changed to deputy garden director. The post was abolished in the thirtieth year of Guangxu. There was one of each. The garden director was established in the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, when the deputy garden director was reorganized. Three deputy garden directors were appointed after the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong, and one more was added in the forty-fifth year. In the fifty-fourth year the title was changed to garden director. After the eighteenth year of Jiaqing the posts were re-established by converting ten company commanders. One more was added in the twentieth year. In the twenty-fourth year it was fixed that the posts and company commanders should fill one another by rotation. From then on the establishment had no fixed quota. Four posts were cut in the eighteenth year of Daoguang and four more in the twenty-eighth year. There were four of each. There were eighteen inner-precinct company commanders, established in the ninth year of Qianlong. Two were cut in the twelfth year of Daoguang and two more in the eighteenth year. There were twenty-eight acting company commanders. In the ninth year of Daoguang one rank-7 post was cut. In the eighteenth year twelve rank-7 posts and twelve rank-8 posts were cut. Company commanders and acting company commanders were posted separately at Liangjianfang, Bakshi Camp, Changshanyu, Wangjia Camp, Kalahetun, Diaoyutai, Huangtukan, Zhongguan, Shibalitai, Taiboluohetun, Zhangsan Camp, and Jierhalang Garden.
28
總管以下掌翊衛行宮，稽察陳設。 千總以下掌典守器物，稽察內圍，董帥氾埽。
From the superintendent downward they escorted and guarded the traveling palace and inspected the furnishings. From company commanders downward they maintained the utensils, inspected the inner precinct, and directed the sweeping.
29
圓明園總管事務大臣，無員限。 特簡。 其屬：郎中、主事各一人，員外郎二人，苑丞六人，六、七品兼用。 苑副十有六人，七、八品兼用。 委署苑副十有三人。 九品銜。 銀庫、器皿庫委署庫掌一人，庫守十有六人，筆帖式十有四人。
The grand minister supervising affairs of the Old Summer Palace served without a fixed quota. The post was specially appointed. Their subordinates included one director, one secretary, two vice directors, and six garden directors drawn from ranks 6 and 7. There were sixteen deputy garden directors drawn from ranks 7 and 8. There were thirteen acting deputy garden directors. They held rank-9 titles. The silver and utensils storehouses each had one acting storehouse chief, along with sixteen storehouse attendants and fourteen clerks.
30
雍正元年，置總管大臣。 有協理事務官，或奏派，或簡授，無恆額。 明年，置總領六人，乾隆十六年，長春園建成，置六品一人。 二十四年改苑丞。 三十二年增熙春園六品一人。 四十六年增春熙院七品一人。 嘉慶七年省春熙院一人入熙春園。 十六年改暢春園七品一人為本園苑副。 咸豐十年省六品二人。 光緒三十年省六品一人。
In the first year of Yongzheng a superintendent grand minister was established. Officials coordinating affairs were appointed either by memorial or special selection, without a fixed quota. The next year six chief stewards were appointed; in the sixteenth year of Qianlong, when the Garden of Eternal Spring was completed, one rank-6 post was added. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to garden director. In the thirty-second year one rank-6 post was added for Xichun Garden. In the forty-sixth year one rank-7 post was added for Chunxi Court. In the seventh year of Jiaqing one Chunxi Court post was cut and transferred to Xichun Garden. In the sixteenth year one rank-7 post from Changchun Garden was converted to deputy garden director of this garden. In the tenth year of Xianfeng two rank-6 posts were cut. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu one rank-6 post was cut.
31
副總領，十有二人。 乾隆八年增七品、八品各一人。 十六年增長春園七品、八品各一人。 二十四年改苑副。 三十九年增綺春園七品一人。 四十五年增春熙院八品一人。 嘉慶七年省春熙院一人，改為本園額缺。 十六年復省暢春園八品一人，改為本園額缺。 道光二年省暢春園四人入綺春園。 咸豐十年省七品二人、八品三人。 光緒三十年省七品一人、八品二人。 七年，定總領為六品戴藍翎，後六、七品兼用。 副總領七、八品半之。 乾隆六年，置委署副總領二人。 十六年增五人。 三十二年改委署苑副，復增九人。 嘉慶十六年增二人。 咸豐十年省二人。 光緒三十年省三人。 八年，置主事一人。 十四年，置庫掌一人，三十八年定為六品，增七品一人。 光緒三十年俱省。 委署庫掌一人，三十二年增一人，三十八年省一人。 庫守六人。 四十六年增十有二人。 咸豐十年省二人。 二十二年，增置委署主事一人。 光緒三十年省。 明年，定協理事務郎中、員外郎各一人。 道光二年，改暢春園郎中為綺春園郎中，咸豐十年省。 並省其員外郎一人，令專司長春園事。
There were twelve deputy chief stewards. In the eighth year of Qianlong one rank-7 post and one rank-8 post were added. In the sixteenth year one rank-7 post and one rank-8 post were added for the Garden of Eternal Spring. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to deputy garden director. In the thirty-ninth year one rank-7 post was added for Qichun Garden. In the forty-fifth year one rank-8 post was added for Chunxi Court. In the seventh year of Jiaqing one Chunxi Court post was cut and converted to an established quota for this garden. In the sixteenth year one rank-8 post from Changchun Garden was again cut and converted to an established quota for this garden. In the second year of Daoguang four Changchun Garden posts were cut and transferred to Qichun Garden. In the tenth year of Xianfeng two rank-7 posts and three rank-8 posts were cut. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu one rank-7 post and two rank-8 posts were cut. In the seventh year chief stewards were fixed at rank 6 with blue plumes; later the posts were drawn from ranks 6 and 7. Deputy chief stewards were split evenly between ranks 7 and 8. In the sixth year of Qianlong two acting deputy chief stewards were appointed. Five more were added in the sixteenth year. In the thirty-second year the title was changed to acting deputy garden director, and nine more were added. In the sixteenth year of Jiaqing two more were added. In the tenth year of Xianfeng two posts were cut. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu three posts were cut. In the eighth year one secretary was appointed. In the fourteenth year one storehouse chief was appointed; in the thirty-eighth year the post was fixed at rank 6, and one rank-7 post was added. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu all of these posts were abolished. There was one acting storehouse chief; one more was added in the thirty-second year, and one was cut in the thirty-eighth year. There were six storehouse attendants. Twelve more were added in the forty-sixth year. In the tenth year of Xianfeng two posts were cut. In the twenty-second year one acting secretary was added. The post was abolished in the thirtieth year of Guangxu. The next year one director and one vice director were fixed to coordinate affairs. In the second year of Daoguang the Changchun Garden directorship became the Qichun Garden directorship; the post was abolished in the tenth year of Xianfeng. At the same time one vice director was cut, leaving the remaining officer to manage the Garden of Eternal Spring exclusively.
32
暢春園總管大臣，無員限。 特簡。 其屬：苑丞三人，六、七品兼用。 苑副五人，八品。 委署苑副六人，九品銜。 筆帖式三人。
The superintendent grand minister of Changchun Garden served without a fixed quota. The post was specially appointed. Their subordinates included three garden directors drawn from ranks 6 and 7. There were five deputy garden directors of rank 8. There were six acting deputy garden directors with rank-9 titles. There were three clerks.
33
康熙間，置郎中一人，道光二年省入綺春園。 八品總領三人，四十三年增西花園二人。 乾隆五年省一人入靜明園。 二十四年改苑丞。 三十二年改授六品一人，七品三人。 嘉慶十六年省七品一人。 無品級總領十人。 四十三年增西花園一人。 乾隆五年省一人入靜明園。 三十二年改委署苑副，額定十有六人。 嘉慶十二年省二人入圓明園。 道光二年省四人入綺春園。 二十九年，置總管大臣。 乾隆三十二年，置八品苑副六人。 嘉慶十六年省一人入圓明園。
During the Kangxi period one director was appointed; in the second year of Daoguang the post was cut and transferred to Qichun Garden. There were three rank-8 chief stewards; in the forty-third year two more were added for West Garden. In the fifth year of Qianlong one post was cut and transferred to Jingming Garden. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to garden director. In the thirty-second year one rank-6 post and three rank-7 posts were filled. In the sixteenth year of Jiaqing one rank-7 post was cut. There were ten chief stewards without official rank. In the forty-third year one more was added for West Garden. In the fifth year of Qianlong one post was cut and transferred to Jingming Garden. In the thirty-second year the title was changed to acting deputy garden director, with the quota fixed at sixteen. In the twelfth year of Jiaqing two posts were cut and transferred to the Old Summer Palace. In the second year of Daoguang four posts were cut and transferred to Qichun Garden. In the twenty-ninth year a superintendent grand minister was appointed. In the thirty-second year of Qianlong six rank-8 deputy garden directors were appointed. In the sixteenth year of Jiaqing one post was cut and transferred to the Old Summer Palace.
34
頤和園、靜明園、靜宜園總管大臣，無員限。 特簡。 其屬：郎中一人，員外郎三人，苑丞十有七人，頤和園十有一人，靜明園、靜宜園各三人，並六、七品兼用。 苑副二十有三人，頤和園十有三人，靜明園六人，靜宜園四人，並六、七品兼用。 委署苑副七人，靜明園三人，靜宜園四人，俱九品銜。 筆帖式十有四人。 乾隆十五年，甕山命名萬壽山，建行宮，改金海為昆明湖。 明年更名清漪園。 光緒十四年更名頤和園。 置八品銜委署總催一人。 四十八年升六品苑丞。 十六年，置總理大臣兼領靜明園、靜宜園事，並六品總領一人，十九年增六品二人。 二十四年改苑丞。 嘉慶五年省一人入靜明園。 十年增六品二人。 光緒十四年後，移靜明園六品四人、七品六人，賡續置為本園員額。 三十年省六品、七品二人。 七品、八品副總領各二人，十八年增七品六人。 二十四年改苑副。 咸豐十年省八品一人。 光緒十四年後，移靜明園八品八人，賡續置為本園員額。 三十年省八品四人。 八品催總一人。 二十四年改催長。 四十六年升六品銜苑丞。 四十八年定六品秩。 十八年，置委署副總領十有二人。 尋省六人。 咸豐十年省二人。 光緒三十年省四人。 二十二年，置員外郎一人，兼司靜明園事。 二十六年增一人。 嘉慶四年，置郎中一人，協理三園事務。 明善堂、觀妙堂、西爽村並隸之。 其園外鑒遠堂、藻鑒堂、暢觀堂、景明樓、鳳凰墩、治鏡閣、耕織圖，又功德寺，並由大臣遴本處官承其事。
Superintendent grand ministers for the Summer Palace, Jingming Garden, and Jingyi Garden served without a fixed quota. The posts were specially appointed. Their subordinates included one director, three vice directors, and seventeen garden directors—eleven for the Summer Palace and three each for Jingming Garden and Jingyi Garden—all drawn from ranks 6 and 7. There were twenty-three deputy garden directors—thirteen for the Summer Palace, six for Jingming Garden, and four for Jingyi Garden—all drawn from ranks 6 and 7. There were seven acting deputy garden directors—three for Jingming Garden and four for Jingyi Garden—all with rank-9 titles. There were fourteen clerks. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong Weng Mountain was renamed Longevity Mountain, a traveling palace was built, and Golden Sea was renamed Kunming Lake. The next year it was renamed Qingyi Garden. In the fourteenth year of Guangxu it was renamed the Summer Palace. One acting chief supervising steward with a rank-8 title was appointed. In the forty-eighth year the post was raised to rank-6 garden director. In the sixteenth year a supervising grand minister was appointed concurrently in charge of Jingming Garden and Jingyi Garden affairs, with one rank-6 chief steward; in the nineteenth year two rank-6 posts were added. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to garden director. In the fifth year of Jiaqing one post was cut and transferred to Jingming Garden. In the tenth year two rank-6 posts were added. After the fourteenth year of Guangxu, four rank-6 and six rank-7 posts were transferred from Jingming Garden and thereafter maintained as this garden's authorized quota. In the thirtieth year two rank-6 and rank-7 posts were cut. There were two deputy chief stewards each of rank 7 and rank 8; in the eighteenth year six rank-7 posts were added. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to deputy garden director. In the tenth year of Xianfeng one rank-8 post was cut. After the fourteenth year of Guangxu, eight rank-8 posts were transferred from Jingming Garden and thereafter maintained as this garden's authorized quota. In the thirtieth year four rank-8 posts were cut. There was one rank-8 supervising chief. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to supervising clerk. In the forty-sixth year the post was raised to garden director with a rank-6 title. In the forty-eighth year the rank was fixed at 6. In the eighteenth year twelve acting deputy chief stewards were appointed. Soon afterward six posts were cut. In the tenth year of Xianfeng two posts were cut. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu four posts were cut. In the twenty-second year one vice director was appointed, concurrently in charge of Jingming Garden affairs. In the twenty-sixth year one more was added. In the fourth year of Jiaqing one director was appointed to coordinate affairs of all three gardens. Mingshan Hall, Guanmiao Hall, and Xishuang Village were all placed under its jurisdiction. Outside the garden, Jianyuan Hall, Zaojian Hall, Changguan Hall, Jingming Tower, Fenghuang Mound, Zhijing Pavilion, and the Farming and Weaving Illustration, as well as Gongde Temple, were all managed by grand ministers who selected officials from this office to carry out the duties.
35
玉泉山靜明園初為澄心園，康熙三十一年更名。 置無品級總領一人，乾隆五年增一人，八年定秩七品。 二十四年改苑丞。 三十四年增六品一人。 嘉慶四年增六品一人，明年又增六品一人。 道光二十三年省七品一人。 光緒十三年增六品四人，七品六人。 後省入頤和園。 副總領二人。 康熙三十年增一人。 乾隆五年增一人。 九年省入靜宜園一人。 十八年定秩八品。 二十四年增八品一人，改為苑副。 三十四年增八品二人。 嘉慶五年增置七品二人。 道光二十三年省八品一人。 咸豐十年省八品一人。 光緒十三年增八品八人。 後省入頤和園。 乾隆二十四年，置委署副總領二人。 三十四年增二人。 嘉慶五年增一人。 道光二十三年省二人。
Jingming Garden on Jade Spring Mountain was originally Chengxin Garden; in the thirty-first year of Kangxi it was renamed. One chief steward without official rank was appointed; in the fifth year of Qianlong one more was added; in the eighth year the rank was fixed at 7. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to garden director. In the thirty-fourth year one rank-6 post was added. In the fourth year of Jiaqing one rank-6 post was added; the next year one more rank-6 post was added. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang one rank-7 post was cut. In the thirteenth year of Guangxu four rank-6 and six rank-7 posts were added. Later the posts were cut and transferred to the Summer Palace. There were two deputy chief stewards. In the thirtieth year of Kangxi one more was added. In the fifth year of Qianlong one more was added. In the ninth year one post was cut and transferred to Jingyi Garden. In the eighteenth year the rank was fixed at 8. In the twenty-fourth year one rank-8 post was added and the title changed to deputy garden director. In the thirty-fourth year two rank-8 posts were added. In the fifth year of Jiaqing two rank-7 posts were added. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang one rank-8 post was cut. In the tenth year of Xianfeng one rank-8 post was cut. In the thirteenth year of Guangxu eight rank-8 posts were added. Later the posts were cut and transferred to the Summer Palace. In the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong two acting deputy chief stewards were appointed. In the thirty-fourth year two more were added. In the fifth year of Jiaqing one more was added. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang two posts were cut.
36
靜宜園初為香山行宮。 乾隆十二年更名。 乾隆九年，置員外郎一人，道光二十三年省。 副總領二人。 二十四年改苑副。 十年，置八品總領一人，十二年增一人。 十六年定秩七品，復增一人。 二十四年改苑丞。 三十四年增七品一人。 四十六年增宗鏡大昭廟六品一人。 嘉慶四年增七品二人； 尋又增一人。 道光二十三年省六品一人，七品二人。 無品級副總領一人。 十二年增一人。 十六年定秩八品，復增一人。 二十四年改苑副。 三十四年增八品一人。 四十六年增宗鏡大昭廟七品一人。 四十八年增普覺寺七品一人。 道光二十三年省八品三人。 咸豐十年省八品一人。 二十六年，置委署苑副六人。 三十四年增二人。 四十年增二人。 道光二十三年省四人。 咸豐十年省二人。
Jingyi Garden was originally the Fragrant Hills traveling palace. In the twelfth year of Qianlong it was renamed. In the ninth year of Qianlong one vice director was appointed; the post was cut in the twenty-third year of Daoguang. There were two deputy chief stewards. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to deputy garden director. In the tenth year one rank-8 chief steward was appointed; in the twelfth year one more was added. In the sixteenth year the rank was fixed at 7, and one more was added. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to garden director. In the thirty-fourth year one rank-7 post was added. In the forty-sixth year one rank-6 post was added for Zongjing Dazhao Temple. In the fourth year of Jiaqing two rank-7 posts were added; Soon afterward one more was added. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang one rank-6 and two rank-7 posts were cut. There was one deputy chief steward without official rank. In the twelfth year one more was added. In the sixteenth year the rank was fixed at 8, and one more was added. In the twenty-fourth year the title was changed to deputy garden director. In the thirty-fourth year one rank-8 post was added. In the forty-sixth year one rank-7 post was added for Zongjing Dazhao Temple. In the forty-eighth year one rank-7 post was added for Pujue Temple. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang three rank-8 posts were cut. In the tenth year of Xianfeng one rank-8 post was cut. In the twenty-sixth year six acting deputy garden directors were appointed. In the thirty-fourth year two more were added. In the fortieth year two more were added. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang four posts were cut. In the tenth year of Xianfeng two posts were cut.
37
御船處統領大臣，無員限。 兼管司員一人，筆帖式二人，八品司匠一人，八品水手催長四人，八品網戶催長二人。 乾隆十六年，改圓明園清漪園御舟事務設御舟處，置統領大臣以次各官。 明年，置八品水手催總三人，三十一年增一人。 八品網戶催總一人。 嘉慶四年增一人。 二十四年，改催總為催長。
The supervising grand minister of the Imperial Boat Office served without a fixed quota. There was one concurrently managing bureau officer, two clerks, one rank-8 workshop superintendent, four rank-8 sailors' supervising clerks, and two rank-8 net-weavers' supervising clerks. In the sixteenth year of Qianlong the imperial-boat affairs of the Old Summer Palace and Qingyi Garden were reorganized into the Imperial Boat Office, and the supervising grand minister and all subordinate officials were appointed. The next year three rank-8 sailors' supervising chiefs were appointed; in the thirty-first year one more was added. There was one rank-8 net-weavers' supervising chief. In the fourth year of Jiaqing one more was added. In the twenty-fourth year the title of supervising chief was changed to supervising clerk.
38
管理養鷹狗處大臣，無員限。 養鷹鷂處統領二人。 侍衛內揀補。 藍翎侍衛頭領、副頭領各五人。 六品冠戴。 養狗處統領二人。 藍翎侍衛頭領五人，副頭領十人，六品冠戴九人。 七品一人。 筆帖式六人。 初設養狗處及鷹房、鴉鶻房。 乾隆十一年改房為處。 三十一年裁養鴉鶻處。 其員額並入鷹上。
The grand minister managing the Hawk and Dog-Raising Office served without a fixed quota. The Hawk and Sparrowhawk Office had two superintendents. They were selected and appointed from among the bodyguards. There were five Blue Feathers bodyguard heads and five deputy heads. They wore official finials of rank 6. The Dog-Raising Office had two superintendents. There were five Blue Feathers bodyguard heads, ten deputy heads, and nine with official finials of rank 6. There was one of rank 7. There were six clerks. At first the Dog-Raising Office and the hawk rooms and goshawk rooms were established. In the eleventh year of Qianlong the rooms were reorganized as offices. In the thirty-first year the Goshawk-Raising Office was abolished. Its authorized quota was merged into the hawk handlers.
39
咸安宮官學管理事務大臣，本府大臣內特簡。 協理大臣，各部院滿尚書內特簡。 各一人。 總裁，滿洲二人，漢四人。 翰林院讀講學士、詹事府少詹以下兼充。 繙譯教習六人。 八旗滿、蒙、漢軍舉貢生監考充。 清語教習，滿洲三人。 弓箭教習，滿洲四人。 本府內挑補。 漢書教習，漢九人。 進士、舉人考補。 筆帖式一人。
The grand minister managing affairs of the Xian'an Palace Official School was specially appointed from among the grand ministers of the Imperial Household Department. The coordinating grand minister was specially appointed from among Manchu ministers of the various boards and courts. There was one of each. There were chief directors—two Manchu and four Han. The posts were concurrently filled by Readers and Lecturers of the Hanlin Academy and by Associate Directors of the Household of the Heir Apparent and below. There were six translation instructors. They were appointed by examination from juren, tribute students, and Supervising Students drawn from the Manchu, Mongol, and Han Chinese Brigade of the Eight Banners. There were three Manchu-language instructors, all Manchu. There were four archery instructors, all Manchu. They were selected and appointed from within the Imperial Household Department. There were nine Han Chinese classics instructors, all Han. They were appointed by examination from among jinshi and juren. There was one clerk.
40
雍正七年，置蒙古官學管理事務大臣一人。 理籓院尚書簡充。 總裁三人。 理籓院司員充。 教習，蒙古二人，額外一人。
In the seventh year of the Yongzheng reign, one grand minister managing affairs of the Mongolian Official School was established. The post was filled by selection from among ministers of the Court of Colonial Affairs. There were three chief directors. They were filled by staff members of the Court of Colonial Affairs. There were two Mongol instructors and one supernumerary instructor.
41
乾隆十三年，置景山官學總管四人。 本府司員兼充。 繙譯教習，滿洲九人。 本府內考補。 漢書教習，漢十有二人。 舉貢內考補。 康熙二十四年置以上三學，俱光緒三十年後省。
In the thirteenth year of the Qianlong reign, four superintendents of the Jingshan Official School were established. The posts were concurrently filled by staff members of the Imperial Household Department. There were nine translation instructors, all Manchu. They were appointed by examination from within the Imperial Household Department. There were twelve Han Chinese classics instructors, all Han. They were appointed by examination from among juren and tribute students. The three schools above, established in the twenty-fourth year of the Kangxi reign, were all abolished after the thirtieth year of the Guangxu reign.
42
又，初制有回、緬官學總管二人，本府司員兼充教習。 回子，回子佐領下派充。 緬子，緬甸人派充，各二人。 長房官學教習，滿洲二人，本府筆帖式內揀補。 蒙古一人。 理籓院筆帖式內咨補。 先後俱省。
Under the original regulations there were also two superintendents of the Hui and Burmese official schools, with instructors concurrently drawn from staff members of the Imperial Household Department. For Hui students, instructors were appointed from among Hui company commanders. For Burmese students, Burmese instructors were appointed—two for each school. The Long House Official School had two Manchu instructors, selected and appointed from among the clerks of the Imperial Household Department. There was one Mongol instructor. The post was filled on consultation from among the clerks of the Court of Colonial Affairs. All of these posts were abolished in due course.
43
武英殿總裁，滿、漢各一人。 尚書侍郎內簡。 提調二人，纂修內奏充。 纂修十有二人，協修十人，翰林官充。 筆帖式四人。
The Wuying Hall had chief directors—one Manchu and one Han. They were selected from among ministers and vice ministers. There were two coordinators, appointed by memorial from among the compilers. There were twelve chief compilers and ten assistant compilers, all filled by Hanlin officials. There were four clerks.
44
上駟院兼管大臣，無員限。 卿二人。 正三品。 其屬：堂主事二人，委署主事一人，左、右二司郎中一人，掌左司印。 右司，員外郎管。 員外郎各二人。 主事、委署主事各一人，內張家口值年一人。 筆帖式十有一人。 阿敦侍衛十有五人。 司鞍長三人，正六品。 副長二人。 六品銜。 蒙古醫師長三人，正六品。 副長二人。 八品。 牧長二人，初無品級。 雍正元年定正七品。 副長五人。 八品。 廄長、署主事各一人。 雍正元年各增一人，十二年省，乾隆二十二年復故。 光緒三十年省。 雍正六年，卿秩定三品。 乾隆十一年，置蒙古醫生頭目二人。 四十三年額定三人。 十四年，定卿額二人，一用侍衛，一用內府官。 二十三年，置八品頂戴司鞍長二人。 三十九年定拜唐阿補放者給六品銜，戴藍翎。 四十五年額定三人。 嘉慶六年，依左、右司例，堂上令侍衛兼司。
The supervising grand ministers of the Imperial Stud served without a fixed quota. There were two directors. They held rank 3a. Their subordinates included two bureau secretaries, one acting secretary, and one director for the two divisions, who held the seal of the left division. The right division was administered by an assistant director. There were two assistant directors in each division. There was one secretary and one acting secretary each, including one assigned on annual rotation to Zhangjiakou. There were eleven clerks. There were fifteen Adun bodyguards. There were three saddle-master chiefs of rank 6a. There were two deputy chiefs. They held rank-6 designations. There were three Mongol physician chiefs of rank 6a. There were two deputy chiefs. They held rank 8. There were two herd chiefs; initially they held no official rank. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign their rank was fixed at 7a. There were five deputy chiefs. They held rank 8. There was one stable chief and one acting secretary. In the first year of Yongzheng one more of each was added; in the twelfth year both posts were abolished; in the twenty-second year of the Qianlong reign they were restored as before. They were abolished in the thirtieth year of the Guangxu reign. In the sixth year of the Yongzheng reign the director's rank was fixed at rank 3. In the eleventh year of the Qianlong reign two Mongol physician heads were established. In the forty-third year the quota was fixed at three. In the fourteenth year the director quota was fixed at two: one was drawn from bodyguards and one from an official of the Imperial Household Department. In the twenty-third year two saddle-master chiefs bearing rank-8 official finials were established. In the thirty-ninth year it was fixed that baitangga appointed to fill vacancies should receive rank-6 designations and wear blue plumes. In the forty-fifth year the quota was fixed at three. In the sixth year of the Jiaqing reign, following the precedent of the left and right divisions, bureau secretaries were ordered to have bodyguards concurrently administer the divisions.
45
武備院兼管大臣，無員限。 卿二人。 正三品。 郎中一人，主事二人。 南鞍、北鞍、甲、氈四庫員外郎，六品庫掌，各二人； 委署六品庫掌各一人。 傘房掌蓋、正六品。 乾隆四十四年賞戴藍翎。 副掌蓋，八品。 帳房處司幄、三等侍衛銜食六品俸。 副司幄，六品職銜食七品俸。 各三人。 備弓處司弓、六品職銜食七品俸。 乾隆四十四年賞戴藍翎。 副司弓，八品職銜。 備箭處司矢、副司矢，各二人。 職銜同備弓處。 箭匠、□頭、靴皮、熟皮、鞍板、染氈、沙河氈作諸司匠，及穿甲官頭目，各一人。 鎪作司匠二人。 俱八品。 無品級庫掌六人，庫守三十有二人。 筆帖式二十有四人。
The supervising grand ministers of the Armory Bureau served without a fixed quota. There were two directors. They held rank 3a. There was one director and two secretaries. For the South Saddle, North Saddle, Armor, and Felt storehouses there were two assistant directors and two storehouse superintendents of rank 6 each; and one acting storehouse superintendent of rank 6 for each storehouse. The umbrella office had a chief umbrella-keeper of rank 6a. In the forty-fourth year of the Qianlong reign blue plumes were awarded. There were deputy umbrella-keepers of rank 8. The tent office had tent masters bearing third-class bodyguard designations and paid at rank-6 salaries. Deputy tent masters bore rank-6 designations but were paid at rank-7 salaries. There were three of each. The bow store had bow masters with rank-6 designations and rank-7 salaries. In the forty-fourth year of the Qianlong reign blue plumes were awarded. Deputy bow masters held rank-8 designations. The arrow store had two arrow masters and two deputy arrow masters. Their designations were the same as those at the bow store. There was one workshop master each for the arrow craftsmen, arrowhead, boot-leather, cured-leather, saddle-board, dyed-felt, and Shahe felt workshops, and one armor-inspection officer head. There were two chase-workshop master craftsmen. All held rank 8. There were six storehouse superintendents without official rank and thirty-two storehouse keepers. There were twenty-four clerks.
46
卿掌四庫工作，修造器械，陳設兵仗。 凡車駕出入，官屬服櫜鞬以從。 郎中、主事掌庫帑出納，章奏文移。 北鞍庫掌御用鞍轡、傘蓋、幄幕，傘房、帳房、鞍板作隸之。 南鞍庫掌官用鞍轡、皮張、雨纓、絛帶，熟皮作隸之。 甲庫掌盔甲、刀仗、旗纛、器械，鎪作隸之。 氈庫掌弓箭、靴鞋、氈片，骲頭作、靴皮作、作、沙河氈作、帽作、雜活作帽作以下置領催各一人。 隸之。
The director oversaw work in the four storehouses, the repair and manufacture of equipment, and the display of weapons. Whenever the imperial carriage went out, the bureau's officials wore quivers and bow cases as they accompanied it. The director and secretaries managed treasury receipts and disbursements, memorials, and official correspondence. The North Saddle Storehouse oversaw imperial saddles and bridles, umbrellas and canopies, and tent curtains; the umbrella office, tent office, and saddle-board workshop were subordinate to it. The South Saddle Storehouse oversaw official saddles and bridles, hides, rain tassels, and sashes; the cured-leather workshop was subordinate to it. The Armor Storehouse oversaw armor, swords and staffs, banners and flags, and equipment; the chase-workshop was subordinate to it. The Felt Storehouse oversaw bows and arrows, boots and shoes, and felt pieces; at the arrowhead workshop, boot-leather workshop, dyeing-felt workshop, Shahe felt workshop, hat workshop, miscellaneous works, and the levels below them, one supervising clerk was appointed at each. They were subordinate to it.
47
初名鞍樓，置三旗侍衛三人綜其事。 所屬：員外郎四人，康熙十五年、四十五年俱增三人。 庫掌三人，順治十一年定六品。 康熙十五年增三人，四十五年增二人。 庫守二十有四人。 康熙十五年增十有八人。 三十六年增四人。 四十五年增十人。 氈庫、弓匠固山達，委署固山達，各三人。 亦曰弓箭協領。 康熙十一年增置備箭固山達一人，亦曰備箭協領。 二十一年定弓匠固山達七品，三十八年定備箭固山達八品。 乾隆二十九年，更名司弓、司矢，委署者曰副司弓、副司矢。 四十四年定司弓、司矢六品職銜，副司弓、司矢八品職銜。 光緒三十年各省一人。 掌傘總領二人。 康熙三十三年增一人。 乾隆二十四年更名掌蓋。 帳房頭目，委署帳房頭目，各三人。 康熙二十七年定頭目為七品。 乾隆三年定委署頭目八品職銜。 二十四年改頭目為司幄，委署者為副司幄。 三十六定司幄六品職銜，副司幄七品職銜。 順治十一年，更名兵仗局。 十八年，更名武備院。 康熙九年，沙河氈作置催總一人。 乾隆二十四年改司匠。 下同。 十五年，分設鞍、甲、氈三庫，置無品級庫掌三人。 四十三年增二人，四十五年增四人。 明年，以職掌事務侍衛一人掌印。 二十一年，置郎中一人，並定鎪作、亮鐵作，原置鎪作、亮鐵作催總六人。 二十七年省鎪作三人。 光緒三十年省亮鐵作一人。 氈作催總秩八品。 三十七年，分鞍庫為南、北，增置□頭作催總一人。 亦曰鳴鏑長。 三十九年，置靴皮作催總。 明年，置熟皮作催總，並定其品秩。 復置穿甲官頭目一人。 由拜唐阿內委放。 乾隆八年定八品職銜。 六十一年，置委署主事一人。 雍正十二年省。 乾隆二十二年復故。 雍正六年，以職掌事務侍衛為三品卿。 乾隆十四年，定卿額二人，仍管以大臣。
It was originally called the Saddle Tower, and three bodyguards of the Three Banners were placed in overall charge of its affairs. Its subordinates included four assistant directors; in the fifteenth and forty-fifth years of the Kangxi reign three more were added on each occasion. There were three storehouse superintendents; in the eleventh year of the Shunzhi reign their rank was fixed at 6. In the fifteenth year of the Kangxi reign three were added; in the forty-fifth year two more were added. There were twenty-four storehouse keepers. In the fifteenth year of the Kangxi reign eighteen were added. In the thirty-sixth year four more were added. In the forty-fifth year ten more were added. The Felt Storehouse and bow craftsmen each had three gushan da and three acting gushan da. They were also called bow-and-arrow xieling. In the eleventh year of the Kangxi reign one arrow-supply gushan da was added; he was also called the arrow-supply xieling. In the twenty-first year the bow-craftsmen gushan da was fixed at rank 7; in the thirty-eighth year the arrow-supply gushan da was fixed at rank 8. In the twenty-ninth year of the Qianlong reign the titles were changed to bow master and arrow master; acting appointees were called deputy bow master and deputy arrow master. In the forty-fourth year bow master and arrow master were fixed at rank-6 designations, and deputy bow master and arrow master at rank-8 designations. In the thirtieth year of the Guangxu reign one post in each category was abolished. There were two chiefs of the umbrella office. In the thirty-third year of the Kangxi reign one was added. In the twenty-fourth year of the Qianlong reign the title was changed to chief umbrella-keeper. There were three tent-office heads and three acting tent-office heads. In the twenty-seventh year of the Kangxi reign the heads were fixed at rank 7. In the third year of the Qianlong reign acting heads were fixed at rank-8 designations. In the twenty-fourth year the title of head was changed to tent master; acting appointees became deputy tent masters. In the thirty-sixth year tent master was fixed at a rank-6 designation and deputy tent master at a rank-7 designation. In the eleventh year of the Shunzhi reign it was renamed the Weapons Bureau. In the eighteenth year it was renamed the Armory Bureau. In the ninth year of the Kangxi reign one supervising clerk was established for the Shahe felt workshop. In the twenty-fourth year of the Qianlong reign the title was changed to workshop master. The same rule applied below. In the fifteenth year separate saddle, armor, and felt storehouses were established, and three storehouse superintendents without official rank were appointed. In the forty-third year two were added; in the forty-fifth year four more were added. The following year one duty-attendant bodyguard was placed in charge of the seal. In the twenty-first year one director was established, and the chase-workshop and bright-iron workshop were fixed in place; six supervising clerks had originally been appointed for the chase-workshop and bright-iron workshop. In the twenty-seventh year three chase-workshop posts were abolished. In the thirtieth year of the Guangxu reign one bright-iron workshop post was abolished. The felt-workshop supervising clerk held rank 8. In the thirty-seventh year the saddle storehouse was divided into south and north, and one arrowhead-workshop supervising clerk was added. The post was also called whistling-bolt chief. In the thirty-ninth year a boot-leather workshop supervising clerk was established. The following year a cured-leather workshop supervising clerk was established, and its rank was fixed. One armor-inspection officer head was restored. The post was filled by appointment from among the baitangga. In the eighth year of the Qianlong reign it was fixed at a rank-8 designation. In the sixty-first year one acting secretary was established. The post was abolished in the twelfth year of the Yongzheng reign. In the twenty-second year of the Qianlong reign it was restored as before. In the sixth year of the Yongzheng reign the duty-attendant bodyguard was made a rank-3 director. In the fourteenth year of the Qianlong reign the director quota was fixed at two; the bureau was still supervised by grand ministers.
48
奉宸苑兼管大臣，無員限。 卿二人。 正三品。 郎中一人，員外郎四人，主事一人，苑丞十人，六品。 苑副十有九人，九品。 委署苑副十人，筆帖式十有五人。 天壇齋宮苑丞、六品一人。 六品銜一人。 苑副各二人。 稻田廠庫掌，六品。 無品級催長，委署催長，各一人。 筆帖式三人。 南苑郎中一人，員外郎二人，主事一人，苑丞七人，六品銜。 苑副十有三人，八品銜。 委署苑副六人，九品銜。 委署催長三人，筆帖式五人。
The supervising grand ministers of the Imperial Parks Department served without a fixed quota. There were two directors. They held rank 3a. There was one director, four vice directors, one secretary, and ten garden directors of rank 6. There were nineteen deputy garden directors of rank 9. There were ten acting deputy garden directors and fifteen clerks. The Temple of Heaven fasting palace had one garden director of rank 6. One bore a rank-6 designation. There were two deputy garden directors at each post. The Rice Paddy Factory had a storehouse superintendent of rank 6. There was one supervising clerk without official rank and one acting supervising clerk. There were three clerks. The Southern Park had one director, two vice directors, one secretary, and seven garden directors bearing rank-6 designations. There were thirteen deputy garden directors bearing rank-8 designations. There were six acting deputy garden directors bearing rank-9 designations. There were three acting supervising clerks and five clerks.
49
卿掌苑囿禁令，以時修葺備臨幸。 郎中以下各官掌分理苑囿河道。 齋宮掌陳設氾埽。 稻田廠掌供內庭米粟，兼徵田地賦稅。 南苑各官掌徵南苑地賦，並治園庭事務。 其兼攝者：齋宮兼理郎中，值年員外郎，稻田廠值年員外郎，各一人。
The director enforced park regulations and saw that repairs were made in good time to prepare for imperial visits. From the bureau director downward, each official managed a separate jurisdiction over the parks and waterways. The fasting palace managed furnishings and cleaning. The Rice Paddy Factory supplied rice and grain to the inner court and also collected taxes on its fields. The officials of the Southern Park collected land taxes within the park and also managed its gardens and pavilions. Those who held concurrent posts included one director who also administered the fasting palace, one vice director on yearly rotation, and one Rice Paddy Factory vice director on yearly rotation.
50
初紫禁城後山、西華門外台，隸尚膳監管理，置八品催總二人。 雍正二年增二人。 順治十二年，更名景山、瀛台。 明年，改令內監管理，玉泉山、南苑並隸之。 十八年，改南苑隸采捕衙門，置員外郎二人。 雍正元年增一人。 康熙八年，省南苑員外郎一人，改授郎中。 十年，命內務府總管海喇孫、侍衛布喇兼司景山、瀛台事。 十六年，改歸都虞司管理。 二十三年，始設奉宸苑，置郎中一人，乾隆十六年增一人，輪管長河行宮事。 員外郎四人，主事一人。 三十年，置南苑八品催總二人，乾隆四年增一人，十八年復增一人，分隸三旗。 無品級總領一人，三十六年增南紅門行宮一人。 副總領二人。 三十六年增南紅門行宮二人。 五十二年增南紅門新行宮一人。 雍正元年，置奉宸苑、南苑委署主事各一人。 十二年省。 乾隆二十二年復故。 光緒三十年又省。 別命大臣領稻田廠，舊派司官二人兼理。 三年始來隸。 乾隆二十年，命會同清漪園大臣管理。 置玉泉山六品庫掌一人兼司之。 三年，增置稻田廠無品級催總一人。 明年，兼轄下清河以上徬口。 置徬官司之。 六年，定卿秩三品。 乾隆元年，置南苑主事一人。 十一年，增置闡福寺八品催總一人。 十四年，依上駟院例，定卿額二人，仍簡大臣領苑事。 十六年，增置樂善園、永安寺八品催總各一人，十七年增樂善園一人。 樂善園無品級副總領二人，明年增一人。 南苑委署催總一人。 原置一人。 明年復增一人。 分隸三旗。 是歲依各行宮園囿例，改瀛台、永安寺等處催總為總領，副催總為副總領。 二十四年，復改總領曰苑丞，副總領曰苑副，催總曰催長。 二十六年，兼轄正覺寺，置苑副一人，令萬壽寺、倚虹堂苑丞分司之。 並令闡福寺苑丞兼管宏仁、仁壽二寺，置委署苑副二人。 積水潭置苑副、委署苑副各二人。 是歲省各處委署苑副，酌留南苑三處行宮二人。 析置瀛台、永安寺、樂善園及河道四人，並給八品職銜。 三十五年，極樂世界、萬佛樓建成，置委署苑副一人。 明年，定奉宸苑苑丞品秩。 先是苑丞秩八品，與各園庭體制不一，至是俱給六品虛銜。 仍食八品原俸。 三十八年，復定南苑苑丞品秩，食俸同上。 改三旗八品催長三人為苑丞，副催長為苑副。 四十一年，置釣魚台苑丞、苑副各一人，新挖旱河、徬座、蓮花池、河泡、岔河並隸之。 四十二年，南苑、團河新行宮告成，省新舊各行宮苑丞一人、苑副二人、委署苑副一人，置為本園額缺。 新舊各行宮原置苑丞二人，苑副、委署苑副各四人，南苑行宮苑副三人。 四十六年，省樂善園苑丞一人入團河行宮。 嘉慶六年，定奉宸苑苑丞食六品俸、苑副食九品俸，各二人，餘悉如故。 九年，復省樂善園苑丞、苑副額缺，析置中海苑丞、苑副，倚虹堂苑丞，釣魚台苑副，北海及長河委署苑副各一人。 十二年，復析三海等處苑丞、苑副各二人，令司天壇齋宮。 故事，齋宮隸太常寺，歸奉祀壇戶典守。 雍正間，置八品催總治其事。 至是，額置苑丞各官，定苑丞食六品俸一人。 以郎中、員外郎兼領之。
At first the rear hill of the Forbidden City and the terrace outside Xihua Gate were administered by the Imperial Catering Directorate, which placed two supervising clerks of rank 8. In the second year of the Yongzheng reign two more were added. In the twelfth year of the Shunzhi reign they were renamed Jingshan and Yingtai. The following year administration was transferred to palace eunuchs, and Yuquan Mountain and the Southern Park were placed under them as well. In the eighteenth year the Southern Park was transferred to the Hunting and Capture Office, and two vice directors were established. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign one was added. In the eighth year of the Kangxi reign one Southern Park vice director was abolished and replaced with a director. In the tenth year Hailasun, chief steward of the Imperial Household Department, and Bulha, a bodyguard, were ordered to concurrently administer affairs at Jingshan and Yingtai. In the sixteenth year administration was transferred to the Household Affairs Bureau. In the twenty-third year the Imperial Parks Department was first established with one director; in the sixteenth year of the Qianlong reign one more was added to administer the Long River traveling palace in rotation. There were four vice directors and one secretary. In the thirtieth year two Southern Park supervising clerks of rank 8 were established; in the fourth year of the Qianlong reign one was added, and in the eighteenth year one more was added; they were divided among the Three Banners. There was one chief without official rank; in the thirty-sixth year one more was added for the Nanhong Gate traveling palace. There were two deputy chiefs. In the thirty-sixth year two more were added for the Nanhong Gate traveling palace. In the fifty-second year one more was added for the new Nanhong Gate traveling palace. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign one acting secretary was established for the Imperial Parks Department and one for the Southern Park. They were abolished in the twelfth year. In the twenty-second year of the Qianlong reign they were restored as before. In the thirtieth year of the Guangxu reign they were abolished again. A grand minister was separately ordered to supervise the Rice Paddy Factory, which two bureau officials formerly dispatched continued to administer concurrently. In the third year it first came under the department's jurisdiction. In the twentieth year of the Qianlong reign it was ordered to be jointly administered with the grand minister of Qingyi Garden. One storehouse superintendent of rank 6 for Yuquan Mountain was appointed to administer it concurrently. In the third year one supervising clerk without official rank was added to the Rice Paddy Factory. The following year it was also given jurisdiction over the sluice mouths above Xiaqing River. A sluice-office official was appointed to administer them. In the sixth year the director's rank was fixed at rank 3. In the first year of the Qianlong reign one Southern Park secretary was established. In the eleventh year one supervising clerk of rank 8 was added for Chanfu Temple. In the fourteenth year, following the precedent of the Imperial Stud, the director quota was fixed at two; grand ministers were still selected to oversee park affairs. In the sixteenth year one supervising clerk of rank 8 was added for Leshan Garden and one for Yong'an Temple; in the seventeenth year one more was added for Leshan Garden. Leshan Garden had two deputy chiefs without official rank; the following year one more was added. There was one acting Southern Park supervising clerk. Originally one had been appointed. The following year one more was added. They were divided among the Three Banners. That year, following the precedent of the various traveling palaces and gardens, the supervising clerks at Yingtai, Yong'an Temple, and other sites were renamed chiefs, and the deputy supervising clerks were renamed deputy chiefs. In the twenty-fourth year the title of chief was changed back to garden director, deputy chief to deputy garden director, and supervising chief to supervising clerk. In the twenty-sixth year Zhengjue Temple was placed under concurrent jurisdiction; one deputy garden director was appointed, and the garden directors of Wanshou Temple and Yihong Hall were ordered to administer it in turn. The Chanfu Temple garden director was also ordered to oversee Hongren and Renshou temples, and two acting deputy garden directors were appointed. At Jishuitan two deputy garden directors and two acting deputy garden directors were appointed. That year the acting deputy garden directors at various posts were abolished; after review, two were kept for the three Southern Park traveling palaces. Four posts were created for Yingtai, Yong'an Temple, Leshan Garden, and the waterways, all with rank-8 designations. In the thirty-fifth year the Blissful World and the Ten Thousand Buddhas Tower were completed, and one acting deputy garden director was appointed. The following year the rank of garden directors in the Imperial Parks Department was fixed. Garden directors had previously held rank 8, which did not match the organization of the various gardens and halls; now all received nominal rank-6 designations. They continued to draw their original salaries at rank 8. In the thirty-eighth year the rank of Southern Park garden directors was again fixed, with the same salary provisions as above. Three rank-8 supervising clerks of the Three Banners were redesignated as garden directors, and assistant supervising clerks as deputy garden directors. In the forty-first year one garden director and one deputy garden director were appointed for Diaoyutai; the newly dug dry canal, embankment seats, Lotus Pond, river pools, and branch channels all came under their jurisdiction. In the forty-second year the new Southern Park and Tuanhe traveling palaces were completed; one garden director, two deputy garden directors, and one acting deputy garden director were cut from the old and new traveling palaces and reassigned as fixed posts for the main gardens. The old and new traveling palaces had originally had two garden directors, four deputy garden directors, four acting deputy garden directors, and three deputy garden directors for the Southern Park traveling palace. In the forty-sixth year one garden director was cut from Leshan Garden and reassigned to the Tuanhe traveling palace. In the sixth year of the Jiaqing reign it was fixed that Imperial Parks Department garden directors should draw rank-6 salaries and deputy garden directors rank-9 salaries, two of each; all else remained unchanged. In the ninth year the garden-director and deputy-garden-director posts at Leshan Garden were again abolished; posts were created for a Central Sea garden director and deputy garden director, a Yihong Hall garden director, a Diaoyutai deputy garden director, and one acting deputy garden director each for North Sea and Long River. In the twelfth year two garden directors and two deputy garden directors were again drawn from the Three Seas and other sites and assigned to manage the Temple of Heaven fasting palace. By precedent the fasting palace had been administered by the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and maintained by the sacrificial-altar household custodians. During the Yongzheng reign one rank-8 supervising chief had been appointed to manage it. At this time fixed posts for garden directors and related officials were established, including one garden director drawing a rank-6 salary. Bureau directors and vice directors served concurrently as superintendents.
51
盛京內務府總管大臣一人。 盛京將軍兼。 後改東三省總督。 佐領，驍騎校，各三人。 堂主事，委署主事，各一人。 廣儲司司庫三人，庫使十有六人。 會稽、掌禮、都虞、營造四司，及文溯閣九品催長，無品級催長，各一人。 織造庫催長，內管領處內管領，六品虛銜。 倉領長，無品級。 各一人。 牧掌，隸都虞司。 倉長，隸內管領處。 各三人。 俱無品級。 筆帖式十有五人。
There was one superintendent grand minister of the Mukden Imperial Household Department. The post was held concurrently by the Mukden general. Later it was held by the governor-general of the Three Eastern Provinces. There were three company commandants and three banner cavalry captains. There was one bureau secretary and one acting secretary. General Storage had three storehouse superintendents and sixteen storehouse attendants. Accounts, Ceremonies, Household Affairs, and Construction each had one supervising clerk; the Wensu Pavilion had one rank-9 supervising clerk and one without official rank. There was one weaving-storehouse supervising clerk and one interior steward in the Interior Steward Office, both bearing nominal rank 6. There was one granary superintendent chief without official rank. One of each was appointed. Herd stewards were subordinate to the Household Affairs Bureau. Granary chiefs were subordinate to the Interior Steward Office. There were three of each. All held no official rank. There were fifteen clerks.
52
順治元年，盛京包衣三旗置佐領三人，簡一人掌關防，並置司庫三人，乾隆十九年省一人。 四十二年增一人。 及催總、筆帖式各官。 尋置庫使十人。 乾隆九年增一人。 康熙十七年，置領催下驍騎校一人。 乾隆十七年，置總管。 明年，置堂主事一人。 司庫內改置。 二十四年，改催總為催長。 二十九年，定各催長員數。 如前所列。 增置內管領、委署主事筆帖式內改置。 各一人。 四十八年，文溯閣建成，置九品催長，無品級催長，各一人。 光緒三十年，省主事各官。
In the first year of the Shunzhi reign three company commandants were appointed for the Mukden Personal-Bond Three Banners, one of whom held the official seal; three storehouse superintendents were also appointed; in the nineteenth year of Qianlong one was cut. In the forty-second year one more was added. Supervising chiefs, clerks, and related officials were also appointed. Ten storehouse attendants were soon appointed. In the ninth year of the Qianlong reign one more was added. In the seventeenth year of the Kangxi reign one banner cavalry captain was appointed under the chief supervising clerk. In the seventeenth year of the Qianlong reign a superintendent was appointed. The following year one bureau secretary was appointed. The post was filled by transfer from among the storehouse superintendents. In the twenty-fourth year the title of supervising chief was changed to supervising clerk. In the twenty-ninth year the quotas for the various supervising clerks were fixed. As listed above. Interior stewards and acting secretaries were added, appointed by transfer from among the clerks. One of each was appointed. In the forty-eighth year the Wensu Pavilion was completed; one rank-9 supervising clerk and one without official rank were appointed. In the thirtieth year of the Guangxu reign the secretaries and related officials were abolished.
53
宦官四品總管太監銜曰宮殿監督領侍。 五品總管銜曰宮殿監正侍。 亦有以七品執守侍充者。 六品副總管銜曰宮殿監副侍。 亦有系執守侍銜者。 首領太監銜二：七品曰執守侍，八品曰侍監。 又有副首領，八品侍監充。 亦有無品級者。 筆帖式。 八品侍監充。 敬事房置。 自四品至八品凡五等。 陞遷降調，由內府移咨吏部。
For eunuchs, the rank-4 chief superintendent bore the title Palace Supervisor Attendant-in-Charge. The rank-5 chief superintendent bore the title Palace Bureau Chief Attendant. Some posts were also filled by Attendants-in-Charge of rank 7. The rank-6 deputy chief superintendent bore the title Palace Bureau Deputy Attendant. Some also held the Attendant-in-Charge designation. Chief eunuchs had two designations: rank 7 Attendant-in-Charge and rank 8 Attendant Supervisor. There were also deputy chiefs, filled by rank-8 Attendant Supervisors. Some held no official rank. Clerks were also appointed. They were filled by rank-8 Attendant Supervisors. These posts were established by the Office of Respectful Service. From rank 4 to rank 8 there were five grades in all. Promotions, demotions, and transfers were handled when the inner department submitted consultation to the Ministry of Personnel.
54
敬事房，兼讀清字書房，漢字、蒙字書房，總管三人。 宮殿監督領侍一人。 宮殿監正侍二人。 宮殿監副侍總管六人。 委署總管無定額，執守侍充。 專司遵奉諭旨，承應宮內事務與其禮節，收覈外庫錢糧，甄別調補內監，並巡察各門啟閉、火燭關防。
The Office of Respectful Service, which also oversaw the Manchu, Chinese, and Mongol script studies, had three chief superintendents. There was one Palace Supervisor Attendant-in-Charge. There were two Palace Bureau Chief Attendants. Six chief superintendents bore the Palace Bureau Deputy Attendant designation. Acting chief superintendents had no fixed quota and were filled by Attendants-in-Charge. They carried out imperial instructions, managed inner-palace affairs and ceremonial protocol, collected and verified grain and funds from the outer storehouses, screened and reassigned palace eunuchs, and inspected gate openings and closings, lamps and candles, and security seals.
55
執守侍、首領、侍監、筆帖式各二人，專司掌案辦事，承行內府文移，並司巡防坐更。
Two Attendants-in-Charge, two chiefs, two Attendant Supervisors, and two clerks managed case records, transmitted inner-department documents, and oversaw patrol security and night-watch duty.
56
乾清宮。 首領四人，執守侍、侍監各二人。 專司供奉實錄、聖訓，江山社稷殿香燭，收貯賞用器物，並司陳設氾埽，御前坐更。 後省二人。 正首領，執守侍充。 副首領，侍監充。
Palace of Heavenly Purity. There were four chiefs—two Attendants-in-Charge and two Attendant Supervisors. They tended the Veritable Records and Sacred Instructions, maintained incense and candles at the Altar of Land and Grain Hall, stored award utensils, managed furnishings and cleaning, and stood night watch before the emperor. Later two posts were cut. The senior chief was an Attendant-in-Charge. The deputy chief was an Attendant Supervisor.
57
乾清門。 侍監首領二人。 專司御門聽政，寶座黼扆，晨昏啟閉，稽察臣工出入，登載南書房翰林入直、侍衛番宿。
Gate of Heavenly Purity. There were two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They managed imperial audiences at the gate, the throne and screen, morning and evening gate openings and closings, inspected officials entering and leaving, and recorded Southern Studio academicians on duty and guard rotations.
58
昭仁殿兼龍光門、弘德殿兼鳳彩門。 侍監首領各二人。 專司陳設氾埽，御前坐更。 故事，內廷重坐更，御前更尤重。 更頭、更二惟首領及執事內監方充是差。 以下同。
The Hall of Manifest Benevolence also covered Dragon Light Gate; the Hall of Expanding Virtue also covered Phoenix Splendor Gate. Each had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They managed furnishings and cleaning and stood night watch before the emperor. By precedent the inner court placed great weight on night-watch duty, and duty before the emperor was especially important. Only chiefs and attendant-duty eunuchs could serve the first and second watches. The same rule applied below.
59
端凝殿，兼自鳴鐘執守侍首領一人。 專司近御隨侍賞用銀兩，並驗鐘鳴時刻。
The Hall of Gathering Sobriety, which also covered the Self-Ringing Bell, had one Attendant-in-Charge as chief. They managed silver for imperial awards used in close attendance and verified the bell-striking times.
60
懋勤殿。 兼本房首領二人，執守侍、侍監各一人。 專司承直御筆，收掌文房書籍，並登載內起居注。
Hall of Industrious Governance. The office had two chiefs—one Attendant-in-Charge and one Attendant Supervisor. They received the emperor's brush, kept the study books, and recorded the inner court diaries.
61
四執事。 執守侍首領一人。 專司上用冠袍帶履，隨侍執傘執爐，承應上用武備，收貯備賞衣服。 後增置首領一人，以侍監充之。
Four Attendant Duties. There was one Attendant-in-Charge chief. They managed the emperor's crowns, robes, belts, and shoes; attended him holding parasol and censer; supplied his military gear; and stored reserve award clothing. Later one more chief was added, an Attendant Supervisor.
62
四執事庫。 侍監首領一人。 專司上用冠袍帶履，舖設寢宮帷幔。
Four Attendant Duties Storehouse. There was one Attendant Supervisor chief. They managed the emperor's crowns, robes, belts, and shoes and arranged the sleeping-chamber curtains and drapes.
63
奏事處。 初制隸四執事。 後置侍監首領一人，專司傳宣綸綍，引帶召對人員，承接題奏事件。 乾隆三十九年，太監高雲從洩漏硃批記載，自後惟軍機奏事由此進呈。 各部院奏摺及內府奏家事，並由奏事處官轉上。
Memorial Office. At first it was subordinate to the Four Attendant Duties. Later one Attendant Supervisor chief was added to transmit imperial edicts, escort those summoned for audience, and receive titled memorials. In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, the eunuch Gao Yuncong leaked records of vermilion rescripts; thereafter only Grand Council memorials were forwarded through this office. Memorial reports from the various ministries and boards, and household reports from the inner department, were all forwarded upward by Memorial Office officials.
64
日精門。 兼上書房侍監首領一人。 專司啟閉關防，及至聖先師位前香燭。
Gate of Solar Essence. One Attendant Supervisor chief also served the Upper Study. They opened and closed the security seals and tended incense and candles before the seat of Confucius.
65
月華門。 兼南書房侍監首領一人。 專司啟閉關防，承應內廷翰林出入。 尚乘轎。 侍監首領二人。 專司承應請轎隨侍。
Gate of Lunar Splendor. One Attendant Supervisor chief also served the Southern Studio. They opened and closed the security seals and attended to inner-court academicians entering and leaving. Palace Sedan-Chair Service. There were two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They summoned sedan chairs and served in close attendance.
66
御藥局。 兼太妃、太嬪以次各位下藥房，侍監首領二人。 專司帶領御醫各宮請脈，及煎製藥餌。
Imperial Pharmacy. It also covered the pharmacies of the Grand Consort, Grand Concubine, and consorts of lower rank, and had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They led imperial physicians in pulse-taking at the various palaces and in compounding medicines.
67
交泰殿。 侍監首領二人。 專司尊藏御寶，收貯勳臣黃冊，並驗鐘鳴時刻。
Hall of Union. There were two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They preserved the imperial seals, stored the yellow registers of meritorious subjects, and verified the bell-striking times.
68
坤寧宮。 兼坤寧門侍監首領二人。 專司祭神香燭，啟閉關防，後改置執守侍首領、侍監副首領各一人。
Palace of Earthly Tranquility. It also had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs for the Gate of Earthly Tranquility. They managed sacrificial incense and candles and opened and closed the security seals; later one Attendant-in-Charge chief and one Attendant Supervisor deputy chief were appointed.
69
東暖殿。 兼永祥門。 西暖殿。 兼增瑞門。 執守侍首領、侍監副首領俱各一人。 專司陳設氾埽，關防坐更。 後省副首領各一人，首領改侍監為之。
Eastern Warm Hall. It also covered the Gate of Eternal Auspiciousness. Western Warm Hall. It also covered the Gate of Increasing Auspiciousness. Each had one Attendant-in-Charge chief and one Attendant Supervisor deputy chief. They managed furnishings and cleaning, security seals, and night-watch duty. Later one deputy chief at each post was cut, and the chiefs became Attendant Supervisors.
70
景和門，隆福門，基化門，端則門。 侍監首領各二人。 後基化、端則二門各省一人。 內左門，內右門。 侍監首領俱各二人。 內右門兼稽膳房眾太監出入，每晚具單報無事送敬事房。 景仁，兼近光左門及御書房收貯書畫。
Gate of Splendid Harmony, Gate of Abundant Blessings, Gate of Founding Transformation, and Gate of Correctness. Each had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. Later one attendant was cut at each of the Gates of Founding Transformation and Correctness. Inner Left Gate and Inner Right Gate. Each had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. The Inner Right Gate also inspected kitchen eunuchs entering and leaving, and each evening sent a report listing no incidents to the Office of Respectful Service. The Palace of Great Benevolence also covered the Gate of Approaching Light Left and stored paintings and calligraphy in the Imperial Study.
71
御書房初置侍監首領一人，後始改隸。 永壽，兼近光右門。 承乾，翊坤，鍾粹，儲秀，延禧，啟祥，永和，長春，景陽，兼大寶殿。 景陽初置侍監首領一人。 後省，始來隸。 咸福十二宮。 侍監首領俱各二人。 專司承應傳取，餘同各處。
The Imperial Study first had one Attendant Supervisor chief; only later was its subordination changed. The Palace of Eternal Longevity also covered the Gate of Approaching Light Right. The Palaces of Receiving Heaven, Earthly Assistance, Purity and Gathering, Stored Elegance, Prolonged Happiness, Initiating Auspiciousness, Eternal Harmony, Eternal Spring, and Solar Radiance, also covering the Hall of Great Treasure. The Palace of Solar Radiance first had one Attendant Supervisor chief. Later the post was cut, and only then did the palace come under this subordination. The twelve consort palaces through the Palace of Universal Blessings. Each had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They relayed and fetched messages and goods; other duties matched those at the other posts.
72
養心殿，重華宮，建福宮。 首領四人。 執守侍、侍監各二人。 專司收貯賞用物品。 後省執守侍首領一人。
Hall of Mental Cultivation, Palace of Doubled Splendor, and Palace of Established Blessings. There were four chiefs. There were two Attendants-in-Charge and two Attendant Supervisors. They stored articles for imperial awards. Later one Attendant-in-Charge chief was cut.
73
養心殿內，兼吉祥門宮殿監副侍副總管一人。 執守侍首領、侍監副首領各二人。 專司近御隨侍，收掌內庫錢糧及古玩書畫。
Within the Hall of Mental Cultivation, one deputy palace-attendant chief superintendent also served the Gate of Auspiciousness. There were two Attendant-in-Charge chiefs and two Attendant Supervisor deputy chiefs. They served in close attendance on the emperor and controlled inner-storehouse funds, grain, and curios, calligraphy, and paintings.
74
古董房，侍監首領一人。 專司收貯古玩器皿。
The Antiques Office had one Attendant Supervisor chief. They stored antique curios and vessels.
75
御茶房，執守侍首領三人。 侍監副首領四人。 專司上用茗飲果品，及各處供獻，節令宴席。 後省總管一人。
The Imperial Tea Kitchen had three Attendant-in-Charge chiefs. There were four Attendant Supervisor deputy chiefs. They supplied imperial tea, beverages, and fruits, tribute offerings from various places, and seasonal banquets. Later one chief superintendent was cut.
76
御膳房，執守侍總管三人。 侍監首領十人。 專司上用膳羞，各宮饌品，及各處供獻，節令宴席。 後省總管一人、首領二人。
The Imperial Kitchen had three Attendant-in-Charge chief superintendents. There were ten Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They supplied imperial meals and delicacies, food for the various palaces, tribute offerings from various places, and seasonal banquets. Later one chief superintendent and two chiefs were cut.
77
鳥槍處，執守侍首領一人。 專司隨侍上用鳥槍。 弓箭處、按摩處隸之。 後改為侍監。
The Musketry Office had one Attendant-in-Charge chief. They attended the emperor carrying his musket. The Bow and Arrow Office and Massage Office were subordinate to it. Later the post was changed to Attendant Supervisor.
78
南果房。 侍監首領一人。 專司收貯乾鮮果品。
Southern Fruits Office. There was one Attendant Supervisor chief. They stored dried and fresh fruits.
79
毓慶宮，侍監首領二人。 嘉慶元年，青宮臨御始置。
The Palace of Nurturing Joy had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. It was first established in the first year of Jiaqing, when the heir apparent acceded to the throne.
80
蒼震門，遵義門。 侍監首領、副首領各二人。 專司啟閉關防。 蒼震門首領兼稽祭神房眾人出入。 後省首領，增副首領一人。 齋宮。 侍監首領一人。
Gate of Azure Thunder and Gate of Following Righteousness. Each had two Attendant Supervisor chiefs and two deputy chiefs. They opened and closed the security seals. The chief at the Gate of Azure Thunder also inspected personnel of the Sacrificial Offerings Office entering and leaving. Later the chief was cut and one deputy chief was added. Fasting Palace. There was one Attendant Supervisor chief.
81
御花園。 侍監首領、副首領各二人。 專司園內斗壇四神祠香燭，培灌花木，飼養仙鶴池魚。 後改置執守侍首領、侍監副首領各一人。
Imperial Garden. There were two Attendant Supervisor chiefs and two deputy chiefs. They tended incense and candles at the Dipper Altar and Four Spirit Shrines within the garden, cultivated flowers and trees, and fed the immortal cranes and pond fish. Later one Attendant-in-Charge chief and one Attendant Supervisor deputy chief were appointed.
82
祭神房。 侍監首領二人。 無品級副首領一人。 專司祭神省牲。 後省首領一人。
Sacrificial Offerings Office. There were two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. There was one deputy chief without official rank. They managed sacrificial offerings and inspected the sacrificial livestock. Later one chief was cut.
83
中正殿，英華殿。 無品級首領各一人。 專司香燭。
Hall of Central Rectitude and Hall of Luminous Elegance. Each had one chief without official rank. They managed incense and candles.
84
欽安殿。 兼城隍廟侍監首領三人。 專司唪誦經懺，焚修香火。 後省二人。
Hall of Reverent Peace. It also had three Attendant Supervisor chiefs for the City God Temple. They chanted sutras and repentance liturgies and maintained the incense offerings. Later two posts were cut.
85
壽皇殿。 兼永思殿侍監首領一人。 專司御容前香燭。 後增置無品級副首領一人。
Hall of Imperial Longevity. It also had one Attendant Supervisor chief for the Hall of Eternal Remembrance. They tended incense and candles before the imperial portrait. Later one deputy chief without official rank was added.
86
雍和宮。 執守侍首領、侍監副首領各一人。 後俱省，改置無品級首領一人。
Yonghe Palace. There was one Attendant-in-Charge chief and one Attendant Supervisor deputy chief. Later all these posts were cut, and one chief without official rank was appointed instead.
87
兆祥所。 兼遇喜處無品級首領一人。
Zhaoxiang Office. It also had one chief without official rank for the Office of Meeting Joy.
88
打掃處。 侍監首領一人。 專司運水添缸，並承應雜務。 後省柴炭、燒坑二處侍監各二人隸之。
Sweeping Office. There was one Attendant Supervisor chief. They carried water, filled vats, and also handled miscellaneous duties. Later two Attendant Supervisors each from the Firewood-and-Charcoal Office and the Kiln Office were cut and placed under its jurisdiction.
89
熟火處。 侍監首領三人。 專司各處安設熟火，抬運柴炭，並承應雜務。
Prepared-Fire Office. There were three Attendant Supervisor chiefs. They installed prepared fires throughout the palace, carried firewood and charcoal, and also handled miscellaneous duties.
90
造辦處。 侍監首領一人。 專司帶領外匠製造物件。
Manufacturing Office. There was one Attendant Supervisor chief. They led outside artisans in manufacturing objects.
91
做鐘處。 侍監首領一人。 所司同造辦處。
Clock-Making Office. There was one Attendant Supervisor chief. Its duties were the same as those of the Manufacturing Office.
92
北小花園。 無品級首領一人。 專司培灌花木。
North Small Garden. There was one chief without official rank. They tended and watered flowers and trees.
93
皇太后宮。 執守侍副總管二人。 侍監首領五人。 茶房、膳房、藥房首領各一人。 後省宮首領一人，增置茶、膳、藥三房首領一人。 太妃，太嬪，侍監首領各一人。
Empress Dowager's Palace. There were two Attendant-in-Charge deputy chief superintendents. There were five Attendant Supervisor chiefs. The Tea Kitchen, Kitchen, and Pharmacy each had one chief. Later one palace chief was cut, and one chief was added for the tea, kitchen, and pharmacy offices. The Grand Consort and Grand Concubine each had one Attendant Supervisor chief.
94
膳房執守侍首領一人。 侍監首領二人。 太妃以次位下膳房。 統設執守侍首領一人，侍監首領二人。
The kitchen had one Attendant-in-Charge chief. There were two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. This was the kitchen for the Grand Consort and consorts of lower rank. Collectively there were one Attendant-in-Charge chief and two Attendant Supervisor chiefs.
95
慈寧宮佛堂。 無品級首領十人，內充喇嘛者二人。 後改為首領五人，充喇嘛者三人。 副首領二人。
Buddha Hall of Cining Palace. There were ten chiefs without official rank, two of whom also served as lamas. Later the staff was reduced to five chiefs, three of whom served as lamas. There were two deputy chiefs.
96
壽康宮。 無品級首領四人。 後改置執守侍首領、侍監副首領各二人。
Palace of Longevity and Health. There were four chiefs without official rank. Later two Attendant-in-Charge chiefs and two Attendant Supervisor deputy chiefs were appointed instead.
97
皇子，侍監首領一人。 公主，皇孫，皇曾孫。 無品級首領各一人。
Imperial sons had one Attendant Supervisor chief. Imperial daughters, imperial grandsons, and imperial great-grandsons. Each had one chief without official rank.
98
瀛台。 兼武成殿侍監首領、無品級副首領各一人。 後增副首領一人。
Yingtai. It also had one Attendant Supervisor chief for the Hall of Martial Accomplishment and one deputy chief without official rank. Later one deputy chief was added.
99
畫舫齋。 兼蠶壇侍監首領一人，無品級副首領二人。 初未置，後增。
Painted Barge Studio. It also had one Attendant Supervisor chief for the Sericulture Altar and two deputy chiefs without official rank. At first no post was established; later one was added.
100
永安寺。 兼承先殿侍監首領、無品級副首領各一人。 後增置副首領一人。
Yong'an Temple. It also had one Attendant Supervisor chief for the Hall of Veneration of Ancestors and one deputy chief without official rank. Later one deputy chief was added.
101
景山。 執守侍總管一人，侍監首領二人。 委署首領無品級，無恆額。
Jingshan. There was one Attendant-in-Charge chief superintendent and two Attendant Supervisor chiefs. Acting chiefs had no official rank and no fixed quota.
102
南府。 執守侍總管一人，侍監首領四人。 委署首領與景山同。
Southern Residence. There was one Attendant-in-Charge chief superintendent and four Attendant Supervisor chiefs. Acting chiefs were arranged the same as at Jingshan.
103
圓明園。 兼長春園靜寄山莊宮殿監副侍總管一人，執守侍總管二人，執守侍首領十人，無品級首領四十有二人。 後增置執守侍總管一人，首領四人，無品級首領九人，內恩賞侍監首領二人。
Old Summer Palace. It also had one Palace Bureau Deputy Attendant chief superintendent for the Garden of Eternal Spring and Quiet Retirement Villa, two Attendant-in-Charge chief superintendents, ten Attendant-in-Charge chiefs, and forty-two chiefs without official rank. Later one Attendant-in-Charge chief superintendent, four chiefs, and nine chiefs without official rank were added, including two honorifically bestowed Attendant Supervisor chiefs.
104
頤和園，靜明園，靜宜園，盤山，暢春園，泉宗廟，聖化寺。 俱圓明園總管首領等承應差務。
Summer Palace, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Panshan, Changchun Garden, Quanzong Temple, and Shenghua Temple. All were served by the Old Summer Palace chief superintendent and chiefs for miscellaneous duties.
105
內務府所屬掌禮司，侍監首領五人，無品級副首領八人。 後省首領二人、副首領四人。 司樂，無品級副首領二人。 初未置，後增。
Under the Imperial Household Department, the Rites Bureau had five Attendant Supervisor chiefs and eight deputy chiefs without official rank. Later two chiefs and four deputy chiefs were cut. The Music Office had two deputy chiefs without official rank. At first no post was established; later one was added.
106
營造司。 侍監首領二人，無品級副首領四人。 後省首領一人，副首領三人。 陵寢及妃園寢。 無品級首領二人。 後省一人。
Construction Bureau. There were two Attendant Supervisor chiefs and four deputy chiefs without official rank. Later one chief and three deputy chiefs were cut. Imperial tombs and consorts' garden tombs. There were two chiefs without official rank. Later one post was cut.
107
南花園。 無品級首領一人。 永安寺、大西天。 無品級首領各一人。 兼充喇嘛。 簾子庫。 兼門神庫無品級首領一人。 後增一人。 太廟。 無品級首領一人。 後改置執守侍首領一人，侍監副首領二人。
South Garden. There was one chief without official rank. Yong'an Temple and Great Western Heaven. Each had one chief without official rank. They also served as lamas. Curtain Storehouse. It also had one chief without official rank for the Gate God Storehouse. Later one more was added. Imperial Ancestral Temple. There was one chief without official rank. Later one Attendant-in-Charge chief and two Attendant Supervisor deputy chiefs were appointed instead.
108
鑾輿衛。 無品級首領四人。 後省二人。 又傳心殿、萬善殿、番經廠、漢經廠、奉宸苑、武備院、尚衣監、酒醋局各首領太監，後俱省。 親王、郡王、固倫公主、和碩公主並有定制。 首領俱各一人。 親王七品，郡王、公主俱八品。
Imperial Procession Guard. There were four chiefs without official rank. Later two posts were cut. Chief eunuchs for the Hall of Transmitting the Heart, Hall of Myriad Virtues, Tibetan Sutra Office, Chinese Sutra Office, Imperial Parks Department, Armory Bureau, Imperial Garments Directorate, and Vinegar and Wine Bureau were also established; later all were cut. Princes of the First Rank, Princes of the Second Rank, State Princesses, and Heir Princesses all had fixed regulations. Each had one chief. Princes of the First Rank held rank 7; Princes of the Second Rank and princesses all held rank 8.
109
順治元年，按十三衙門給太監品級。 十八年省，以內務府大臣總管。 康熙十六年，設敬事房，置總管、副總管。 定太和、中和、保和、文華四殿三作首領太監員數，給八品職銜。 乾隆二十六年，省文華殿員額。 四十七年，三大殿直殿太監俱省。 六十一年，定五品總管一人，五品太監三人，六品太監二人。 太監授職官自此始。 雍正元年，定總管秩四品，副總管六品，隨侍首領七品，宮殿首領八品。 四年，定敬事房正四品總管為宮殿監督領侍銜，從四品副總管為宮殿監正侍銜，尋改五品。 六品副總管為宮殿監副侍銜，七品首領為執守侍銜，八品首領為侍監銜。 八年，復定四品至八品，不分正、從。 乾隆七年，定內監受爵制不使逾越。 故事，寺人不過四品，至是纂為令甲。 五十一年，定親王、郡王、公主太監首領員數，並給八品銜。 嘉慶間增親王首領秩七品。 嘉慶六年，賞慶郡王七品太監三人，儀親王、成親王、定親王增置八品太監一人，不為恆制。
In the first year of the Shunzhi reign, eunuch ranks were assigned according to the Thirteen Offices. In the eighteenth year these offices were abolished, and Imperial Household Department grand ministers served as chief superintendents. In the sixteenth year of the Kangxi reign, the Office of Respectful Service was established, with chief superintendents and deputy chief superintendents appointed. The number of workshop chief eunuchs for the Halls of Supreme Harmony, Central Harmony, Preserving Harmony, and Literary Glory was fixed, and rank-8 titles were conferred. In the twenty-sixth year of the Qianlong reign, the Hall of Literary Glory quota was cut. In the forty-seventh year, the palace eunuchs stationed directly in the Three Great Halls were all cut. In the sixty-first year, one rank-5 chief superintendent, three rank-5 eunuchs, and two rank-6 eunuchs were fixed. From this time eunuchs began to receive regular official appointments. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign, the chief superintendent was fixed at rank 4, the deputy chief superintendent at rank 6, personal-attendance chiefs at rank 7, and palace chiefs at rank 8. In the fourth year, the rank-4 chief superintendent of the Office of Respectful Service was given the Palace Supervisor Attendant-in-Charge designation, and the rank-4 deputy chief superintendent the Palace Bureau Chief Attendant designation; soon after both were changed to rank 5. Rank-6 deputy chief superintendents bore the Palace Bureau Deputy Attendant designation, rank-7 chiefs the Attendant-in-Charge designation, and rank-8 chiefs the Attendant Supervisor designation. In the eighth year, ranks 4 through 8 were again fixed, without distinction between principal and secondary ranks. In the seventh year of the Qianlong reign, regulations were set so that eunuchs receiving noble titles would not overstep their bounds. By precedent, eunuchs did not exceed rank 4; at this point that rule was codified as established regulation. In the fifty-first year, the number of eunuch chiefs for princes and princesses was fixed, and rank-8 designations were conferred. During the Jiaqing reign the chief for Princes of the First Rank was raised to rank 7. In the sixth year of the Jiaqing reign, three rank-7 eunuchs were bestowed on Prince Qing, and one rank-8 eunuch each was added for Prince Yi, Prince Cheng, and Prince Ding; these were not standing regulations.