1
志一百六
Treatise 106
2
兵二
On Military Affairs, Part Two
3
綠營
The Green Standard Army
4
綠營規制，始自前明。 清順治初，天下已定，始建各省營制。 綠營之制，有馬兵、守兵、戰兵。 戰守皆步兵。 額外外委皆馬兵。 綜天下制兵都六十六萬人，安徽最少，閩、廣以有水師故最多，甘肅次之。 綠營隸禁旅者，惟京師五城巡捕營步兵。 將軍兼統綠營者惟四川。 有屯兵者惟湖南、貴州。 其新疆之綠營屯防，始乾隆二十五年，由陝、甘陸續移往駐防。 各省標兵規制，督撫得隨時疏定。 綠營戰功，自康熙征三籓時，用旗、綠兵至四十萬，雲、貴多山地，綠營步兵居前，旗兵繼之，所向輒捷。 其後平定準部、回疆、金川，咸有勛績。 乾隆四十六年增兵，而川、楚教匪之役，英、法通商之役，兵力反遜於前。 迨粵寇起，廣西綠營額兵二萬三千，土兵一萬四千，遇敵輒靡。 承平日久，暮氣乘之，自同治迄光緒，疊經裁汰，綠營之制，僅存而已。
The institutional regulations of the Green Standard Army originated under the previous Ming dynasty. In the early Shunzhi reign, once the realm had been pacified, the Qing began establishing garrison systems in each province. The Green Standard Army was organized into three categories: cavalry, garrison troops, and combat troops. Both combat and garrison soldiers served as infantry. Extra-strength personnel and outside deputies were all mounted troops. In all, the empire's authorized troop strength totaled 660,000 men. Anhui had the smallest contingent; Fujian and Guangdong, owing to their naval forces, had the largest; Gansu ranked second. The only Green Standard troops placed under the metropolitan Banner garrisons were the infantry of the capital's Five-City Patrol Battalions. Sichuan alone had a regional general who concurrently commanded Green Standard forces. Only Hunan and Guizhou maintained military-farming colonists. Green Standard colonization and garrison duty in Xinjiang began in Qianlong 25 (1760), with troops gradually transferred from Shaanxi and Gansu for permanent stationing. Provincial governors-general and governors could petition at any time to determine the regulations governing garrison troops in their jurisdictions. The Green Standard Army's battlefield record began with the Kangxi campaign against the Three Feudatories, when as many as 400,000 Banner and Green Standard troops were deployed. In the mountainous terrain of Yunnan and Guizhou, Green Standard infantry led the advance with Banner troops following behind, and the combined force prevailed wherever it was sent. In later campaigns to subdue the Dzungars, pacify the Muslim frontier, and conquer Jinchuan, they likewise won distinguished honors. Although troop strength was expanded in Qianlong 46 (1781), during the White Lotus rebellion in Sichuan and Hubei and the wars over trade with Britain and France, effective military power actually fell short of earlier levels. When the Taiping rebellion broke out, Guangxi's Green Standard force stood at 23,000 authorized troops and 14,000 local militia, yet they invariably broke and fled at the first contact with the enemy. After decades of peace, decay set in. From the Tongzhi through the Guangxu reigns, successive rounds of retrenchment reduced the Green Standard Army to a hollow shell of its former self.
5
京師巡捕五營，設步軍統領一人，統左右翼總兵官以及十六門門千總，海淀、暢春園、樹村汛、靜宜園、樂善園設副將或守備各官不等，置兵共三千人。 京城內九門、外七門，每門設千總二，門甲十或二十，門軍四十人。 左翼總兵統步軍營巡捕南、左二營各汛官，凡兵三千六百有奇。 右翼總兵統步軍營巡捕北、右二營各汛官，凡兵二千五百有奇。
The capital's five patrol battalions were headed by a single metropolitan infantry commander, who oversaw the left- and right-wing regional commanders, the captains stationed at the sixteen city gates, and the deputy commanders and garrison commanders posted at guard posts such as Haidian, Changchun Garden, Shucun, Jingyi Garden, and Leshan Garden, with a combined strength of 3,000 men. At each of the capital's nine inner gates and seven outer gates, two captains were posted, along with ten or twenty gate sergeants and forty gate soldiers. The left-wing regional commander oversaw the guard-post officers of the southern and left patrol battalions of the metropolitan infantry, with a total strength of somewhat more than 3,600 men. The right-wing regional commander oversaw the guard-post officers of the northern and right patrol battalions of the metropolitan infantry, with a total strength of somewhat more than 2,500 men.
6
各直省營制，順治元年，定直隸官兵經制，設直隸巡撫，標兵分左、右二營，游擊以下八人。 設宣府、真定、薊州、通州、天津、山海關六鎮總兵官及鎮標守備、游擊等，設紫荊關等七協副將及協標官兵，設拱極城等十七處參將，山永等營游擊，鞏華城等處守備、都司，分領各營兵。
Regarding provincial garrison systems: in Shunzhi 1 (1644), the regular establishment for Zhili's officers and troops was set. A Zhili governor was appointed, with garrison troops divided into left and right battalions and eight officers ranked from brigade commander down. Regional commanders were posted at six garrison towns—Xuanfu, Zhending, Jizhou, Tongzhou, Tianjin, and Shanhaiguan—each with garrison commanders, brigade commanders, and other subordinates under his standard. Seven brigade deputy commanders were established at posts including Zijing Pass, with their own brigade garrison forces. Regimental vice commanders were posted at seventeen locations including Gongji City; brigade commanders at camps such as Shanyong; and garrison commanders and company commanders at posts such as Gonghuacheng, each commanding their respective battalion troops.
7
定山東官兵經制，設河道總督，標兵分中、左、右三營，設副將或游擊以下將領八，兵凡三千，備河防護運。 山東巡撫標兵分左右二營，設游擊以下將領八，兵凡二千。 設臨清、沂州二鎮總兵官及將領八，兵共二千四百有奇。 設德州、青州、武定三營參將或守備將領八或六，兵共二千二百有奇。 設登州水師營守備，登州、萊州、臨清、濟南各營游擊或守備四，兵共一千二百有奇。 初，山東與直隸、河南共一總督，康熙元年，設山東提督，尋並裁去，以巡撫兼任。
Shandong's regular establishment was set with a Grand Canal governor-general in charge. Garrison troops were organized into center, left, and right battalions, with eight officers ranked from deputy commander or brigade commander down and a total strength of 3,000 men assigned to river defense and grain transport escort. The Shandong governor's garrison troops were split into left and right battalions, with eight officers from brigade commander down and a total strength of 2,000 men. Regional commanders were posted at the two garrison towns of Linqing and Yizhou, each with eight subordinate officers and a combined strength of somewhat more than 2,400 men. Regimental vice commanders or garrison commanders were posted at the three camps of Dezhou, Qingzhou, and Wuding, with eight or six officers respectively and a combined strength of somewhat more than 2,200 men. A garrison commander was posted to the Dengzhou naval camp, and brigade commanders or garrison commanders to camps at Dengzhou, Laizhou, Linqing, and Jinan, with a combined strength of somewhat more than 1,200 men. At first Shandong was governed jointly with Zhili and Henan under a single governor-general. In Kangxi 1 (1662) a Shandong provincial military commander was appointed, but both that post and the separate governorship were soon abolished, and the governor assumed concurrent military command.
8
山西、江南、陝西官兵經制，並於順治二年定之。 山西設宣大總督及巡撫，督標分中、左、右三營，撫標分左右營，各設將領八，兵凡二千。 設太原、平陽二協副將及協標官兵。 設汾州等營參將、游擊、守備，分領營兵。 十三年，裁宣大總督，康熙元年，設山西提督，迭裁迭復，雍正九年仍裁之，以巡撫兼任。
The regular establishments for the officers and troops of Shanxi, Jiangnan, and Shaanxi were all set in Shunzhi 2 (1645). Shanxi received a Xuanda governor-general and a provincial governor. The governor-general's garrison troops were organized into center, left, and right battalions; the governor's into left and right battalions. Each had eight officers and a combined strength of 2,000 men. Brigade deputy commanders were posted at Taiyuan and Pingyang, each with brigade garrison officers and troops under his command. Regimental vice commanders, brigade commanders, and garrison commanders were posted at camps such as Fenzhou to command their respective battalion forces. In Shunzhi 13 (1656) the Xuanda governor-general was abolished. A Shanxi provincial military commander was appointed in Kangxi 1 (1662), but the post was cut and restored repeatedly until Yongzheng 9 (1731), when it was abolished for good and the governor assumed concurrent military command.
9
江南設漕運總督，江蘇、鳳廬二巡撫，標兵及左右營如制，將領九或八人，兵共四千有奇，並設奇兵營、游兵營。 設江南漢兵提督，分中、左、右、前、後五營，分設將領八，兵凡四千。 設蘇州、鎮江、浦口、安慶、池太、東山、廣德八鎮總兵官，鎮標兵及將領。 設狼山等七協副將，金山、常州各營參將、游擊、守備，分領營兵。 國初設江南江西河南總督。 其後分合不常。 康熙間，定為兩江總督。 又裁鳳廬巡撫歸併江蘇。 設蘇松提督。 尋定為江寧提督，增安徽提督，分轄營務。 又裁安徽提督，改江南水陸提督，統全省官兵。 先是設操江巡撫，轄安慶等五府，滁、和等三州兵。 後改安徽巡撫，以鳳廬兵並屬之。
Jiangnan received a grain-transport governor-general and governors for Jiangsu and Fenglu. Garrison troops were organized into left and right battalions according to standard practice, with nine or eight officers and a combined strength of somewhat more than 4,000 men, along with special-force and mobile battalions. A Jiangnan provincial military commander for Han troops was appointed, with garrison forces divided into center, left, right, front, and rear battalions, eight officers in each, and a total strength of 4,000 men. Regional commanders were posted at eight garrison towns—including Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Pukou, Anqing, Chitai, Dongshan, and Guangde—each with his own garrison troops and subordinate officers. Seven brigade deputy commanders were posted at posts including Langshan, and regimental vice commanders, brigade commanders, and garrison commanders at camps in Jinshan and Changzhou, each commanding his respective battalion forces. At the dynasty's founding, a governor-general over Jiangnan, Jiangxi, and Henan was appointed. Thereafter the jurisdiction was repeatedly split and recombined. During the Kangxi reign it was permanently established as the Two Jiangs governor-generalship. The Fenglu governorship was abolished and its jurisdiction merged into Jiangsu. A Suzhou-Songjiang provincial military commander was appointed. The post was soon fixed as the Jiangning provincial military commander, with an additional Anhui provincial military commander appointed to divide garrison duties between them. The Anhui provincial military commander was abolished, the post was redesignated as Jiangnan land-and-naval provincial military commander, and the holder was given command over all provincial forces. Earlier a Caojiang governor had been appointed with authority over the troops of five prefectures including Anqing and three sub-prefectures including Chuzhou and Hezhou. The post was later redesignated as Anhui governor, and the Fenglu garrison troops were placed under his command as well.
10
陝西初設川陝總督，並轄四川兵，標兵分五營。 別設西安、延綏、甘肅、寧夏四巡撫，標兵各分左右營，將領略如諸省。 設延綏、固原、臨鞏、鳳翔、漢羌、甘肅六鎮總兵官，鎮標兵亦分五營，將領如之，延綏又分設東西二協。 設西安、慶陽等八處副將，宜君、階州等各營參將、游擊、都司及守備，分領營兵。 康熙時，迭改川陝總督，並轄山、陝、甘。 尋改川陝甘總督。 乾隆間，甘肅分設總督，以四川總督兼轄陝西兵，為川陝總督，復改陝甘總督。 國初設甘肅巡撫，其寧夏、延綏巡撫先後裁撤，寧夏歸甘肅，延綏歸陝西。 後又裁甘肅巡撫，陝甘總督兼統撫標兵。 甘州置甘肅總兵官，尋改設甘肅提督。 初設陝西漢兵提督及寧夏提督，分五營，皆設將領八，兵凡四千人。 後改西安提督，又移駐固原，改固原提督雲。
Shaanxi initially fell under a Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general who also commanded Sichuan's forces, with garrison troops organized into five battalions. Governors were separately appointed for Xi'an, Yansui, Gansu, and Ningxia, each with garrison troops divided into left and right battalions and officer complements similar to those of other provinces. Regional commanders were posted at six garrison towns—Yansui, Guyuan, Lingzhou, Fengxiang, Hanzhong-Qiang, and Gansu—each with garrison troops organized into five battalions and a matching officer complement. At Yansui, separate east and west brigades were also established. Deputy commanders were posted at eight locations including Xi'an and Qingyang, and regimental vice commanders, brigade commanders, company commanders, and garrison commanders at camps including Yijun and Jiezhou, each commanding his respective battalion forces. During the Kangxi reign the Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-generalship was repeatedly reorganized until its holder commanded Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu jointly. The post was soon redesignated as Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general. During the Qianlong reign a separate Gansu governor-general was appointed. The Sichuan governor-general temporarily assumed command of Shaanxi's forces as Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general, before the post was again redesignated as Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general. At the dynasty's founding a Gansu governor was appointed. The Ningxia and Yansui governorships were abolished in turn, with Ningxia reverting to Gansu and Yansui to Shaanxi. The Gansu governorship was later abolished, and the Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general assumed concurrent command of the governor's garrison troops. A regional commander was posted at Ganzhou and soon promoted to Gansu provincial military commander. At first provincial military commanders for Shaanxi Han troops and for Ningxia were appointed, each with five battalions, eight officers per battalion, and a total strength of 4,000 men. The post was later redesignated as Xi'an provincial military commander, then relocated to Guyuan and established as the Guyuan provincial military commander.
11
順治三年，定河南、江西、湖廣官兵經制。 河南設巡撫，標兵分左右營，將領八，兵二千，制同上。 設河南提督，標兵分中、左、右三營，設將領分統。 設河北、南陽、開歸三鎮總兵官，標兵各分左右營，將領兵數如撫標制。 設開封副將、守備以下將領七，兵一千人，河南衛輝、汝寧、歸德各營各參將等，兵各一千。 設磁州營都司，兵五百人，後屬直隸嵩縣等二營守備，兵三百或二百。 先是河南與直隸、山東共一總督，兼轄河南官兵。 其後或專設河南總督，或裁改之。 至雍正十三年，仍為河南巡撫。
In Shunzhi 3 (1646), the regular establishments for the officers and troops of Henan, Jiangxi, and Huguang were set. Henan received a provincial governor, with garrison troops divided into left and right battalions, eight officers, and 2,000 men, following the same pattern described above. A Henan provincial military commander was appointed, with garrison troops organized into center, left, and right battalions under separate commanding officers. Regional commanders were posted at the three garrison towns of Hebei, Nanyang, and Kaigu, each with garrison troops split into left and right battalions and officer complements matching the governor's garrison standard. A Kaifeng deputy commander was posted with seven subordinate officers from garrison commander down and 1,000 men. At camps in Weihui, Runing, and Guide, regimental vice commanders and other officers were appointed, each commanding 1,000 troops. A company commander was posted at the Cizhou camp with 500 men. Later garrison commanders were assigned to two camps including Songxian under Zhili, with strengths of 300 or 200 men respectively. Previously Henan was governed jointly with Zhili and Shandong under a single governor-general who also commanded Henan's forces. Thereafter a separate Henan governor-general was sometimes appointed and sometimes abolished or reorganized. By Yongzheng 13 (1735) the post had reverted to a Henan provincial governor.
12
江西初設巡撫及南贛巡撫，標兵分左右營，設將領五人，兵凡千五百人。 設江西提督，標兵分五營，營設將領八，兵凡五千人。 設南贛、九江二鎮總兵官，標兵分五營，各設游擊以下將領官，兵如提標之數。 設袁州等四協副將，分左右營，將領各八，兵凡二千人。 設廣德各營參將，撫州各水師營守備，兵六百人，南康等營守備兵三百人。 康熙初年，裁南贛巡撫，以標兵屬江西巡撫。 七年，裁提督。 十三年，復設。 嗣增設撫建提督，旋裁之，並裁江西提督，以巡撫兼任。
Jiangxi initially received a provincial governor and a separate Nangan governor, with garrison troops divided into left and right battalions, five officers, and a total strength of 1,500 men. A Jiangxi provincial military commander was appointed, with garrison troops organized into five battalions of eight officers each and a total strength of 5,000 men. Regional commanders were posted at the two garrison towns of Nangan and Jiujiang, each with garrison troops organized into five battalions, officers from brigade commander down, and troop strengths matching the provincial commander's standard. Four brigade deputy commanders were posted at posts including Yuanzhou, each with left and right battalions, eight officers per side, and a combined strength of 2,000 men. Regimental vice commanders were posted to various Guangde camps, naval garrison commanders to Fuzhou naval camps with 600 men, and garrison commanders to camps including Nankang with 300 men. In the early Kangxi reign the Nangan governorship was abolished and its garrison troops transferred to the Jiangxi governor. In Kangxi 7 (1668) the provincial military commander was abolished. In Kangxi 13 (1674) the post was restored. A Fuzhou-Jian provincial military commander was later added but soon abolished. The Jiangxi provincial military commander was abolished as well, and the governor assumed concurrent military command.
13
湖廣設總督，標兵分中、左、右營，將領各八，兵凡三千人。 設湖北巡撫、鄖陽巡撫、偏沅巡撫，撫標兵分左右營，將領官兵如江西撫標例。 設湖廣提督，標兵分五營，將領官兵如江西提標例。 設荊州、鄖陽、長沙三鎮總兵官，辰州協副將，標兵各分中、左、右營，各設將領八，兵凡三千人。 設黃州、承天、常德三協副將，協標兵各設將領七，兵凡千二百人。 承天協後改安陸營。 設漢陽等營參將將領各四，兵六百人。 夷陵等營游擊各設將領三，兵四百人。 設三江口等營守備、把總，兵各二百人。 康熙初，並湖廣總督為川湖總督。 其後四川總督不轄湖廣，復設湖廣總督。 裁鄖陽巡撫，以湖北巡撫統轄標兵。
Huguang received a governor-general, with garrison troops organized into center, left, and right battalions of eight officers each and a total strength of 3,000 men. Governors were appointed for Hubei, Yunyang, and Pianyuan, each with garrison troops divided into left and right battalions and officer complements matching the Jiangxi governor's garrison standard. A Huguang provincial military commander was appointed, with garrison troops organized into five battalions and officer complements matching the Jiangxi provincial commander's standard. Regional commanders were posted at the three garrison towns of Jingzhou, Yunyang, and Changsha, with a brigade deputy commander at Chenzhou. Each had garrison troops organized into center, left, and right battalions of eight officers apiece and a combined strength of 3,000 men. Brigade deputy commanders were posted at Huangzhou, Chengtian, and Changde, each with seven officers under his brigade standard and a combined strength of 1,200 men. The Chengtian brigade was later redesignated as the Anlu camp. Regimental vice commanders were posted to camps including Hanyang, each with four subordinate officers and 600 men. Brigade commanders were posted to camps including Yiling, each with three subordinate officers and 400 men. Garrison commanders and platoon leaders were posted to camps including Sanjiangkou, each commanding 200 men. In the early Kangxi reign the Huguang governor-generalship was merged into a combined Sichuan-Huguang governor-generalship. When the Sichuan governor-general ceased to oversee Huguang, a separate Huguang governor-general was reinstated. The Yunyang governorship was abolished, and the Hubei governor assumed unified command of the garrison troops.
14
順治四年，定四川官兵經制。 設四川巡撫，標兵分左右營，各設將領八，兵凡千三百人。 設建昌、保寧、永寧、夔州四鎮總兵官，鎮標分三營，設將領八，兵凡二千人。 設松潘、成都、重慶三協副將，協標兵分二營，設游擊以下將領官兵。 設威茂等各營參將、游擊、守備，分領營兵。 四川初僅設巡撫，駐成都府。 川陝總督駐陝西，兼轄四川十四年。 嗣設四川總督，駐重慶府。 其間或並為川湖總督，駐荊州九年，移駐重慶十九年。 或云川陝甘，或云川陝，遷改靡常。 至乾隆間，定為四川總督。
In Shunzhi 4 (1647), the regular establishment for Sichuan's officers and troops was set. A Sichuan governor was appointed, with garrison troops divided into left and right battalions of eight officers each and a total strength of 1,300 men. Regional commanders were posted at the four garrison towns of Jianchang, Baoning, Yongning, and Kuizhou, each with garrison troops organized into three battalions, eight officers, and a combined strength of 2,000 men. Brigade deputy commanders were posted at Songpan, Chengdu, and Chongqing, each with brigade garrison troops organized into two battalions and officers from brigade commander down. Regimental vice commanders, brigade commanders, and garrison commanders were posted to camps including Weimao to command their respective battalion forces. Sichuan initially had only a provincial governor, based at Chengdu. The Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general was based in Shaanxi and exercised authority over Sichuan for fourteen years. A separate Sichuan governor-general was later appointed, based at Chongqing. In the interim the post was sometimes combined as Sichuan-Huguang governor-general, based at Jingzhou for nine years before relocating to Chongqing for nineteen years. At various times the jurisdiction was styled Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu or simply Sichuan-Shaanxi, with transfers and reorganizations changing constantly. During the Qianlong reign the post was finally fixed as governor-general of Sichuan.
15
順治五年，定浙江官兵經制。 設總督，標兵分三營，設副將或游擊將領各八，兵共三千。 設浙江巡撫，標兵二營，將領各八，兵共二千。 浙江提督標兵三營，營設將領八，兵共三千。 設定海、衢州二鎮總兵官，標兵皆三營，營設將領八，共兵各三千。 錢塘水師二營，台州水師三營，營設將領八，共兵各三千。 衢州設水師左右路總兵官，標兵三營，游擊以下將領分統營兵。 設衢州、湖州、嘉興等七協副將，標兵皆三營，營皆設將領八，每協共兵二千五、六百。 設金華、嚴州、處州三協副將，標兵二營，將領各八，共兵皆千六百。 設吉安等各營守備、參將，分統營兵。 先是設浙江總督，其後改稱閩浙，兼轄福建，裁改不常。 雍正間，定為閩浙總督。
In Shunzhi 5 (1648), the regular military establishment for Zhejiang was set. A governor-general was appointed, with garrison troops organized into three battalions under deputy commanders or brigade commanders, eight officers each, for a total strength of 3,000 men. A Zhejiang provincial governor was appointed, with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers each, and a combined strength of 2,000 men. The Zhejiang provincial military commander had three battalions of garrison troops, each with eight officers, for a total of 3,000 men. Regional commanders were posted at the garrison towns of Dinghai and Quzhou, each with three battalions of garrison troops, eight officers per battalion, and a strength of 3,000 men apiece. The Qiantang naval detachment comprised two battalions and the Taizhou naval detachment three, each with eight officers per battalion and a total strength of 3,000 men. At Quzhou, left- and right-route naval regional commanders were appointed, with three battalions of garrison troops commanded by officers from brigade commander down. Brigade deputy commanders were posted at Quzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, and four other locations—seven in all—each with three battalions of garrison troops, eight officers per battalion, and a brigade strength of roughly 2,500 to 2,600 men. Brigade deputy commanders were posted at Jinhua, Yanzhou, and Chuzhou, each with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers each, and a combined strength of 1,600 men. Garrison commanders and regimental vice commanders were posted to camps including Ji'an to command their respective battalion forces. A Zhejiang governor-general was initially appointed, later retitled Min-Zhe to govern Fujian as well, with frequent abolitions and reorganizations. During the Yongzheng reign the post was finally fixed as governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang.
16
順治七年，定福建官兵經制。 設福建巡撫，標兵二營，將領八，兵凡二千。 設福建水陸提督，標兵三營，營設將領八，兵凡三千。 設汀州、泉州、銅山三鎮總兵官，及援剿總兵官、中路總兵官，標兵各二營，各設將領八，兵二千。 設福州、漳州、建寧三協副將，標兵三營，各設將領八，兵凡三千。 設福州水師，及汀州、興化、邵武、延平、閩安、同安七協副將標兵，各設將領八，兵凡二千。 設福寧協副將二營，將領七，兵凡千八百人。 設泉州等營參將、長樂等營游擊，將領各八，共兵各一千。
In Shunzhi 7 (1650), the regular military establishment for Fujian was set. A Fujian provincial governor was appointed, with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and a total strength of 2,000 men. A Fujian land-and-naval provincial military commander was appointed, with three battalions of garrison troops, eight officers per battalion, and a total of 3,000 men. Regional commanders were posted at Tingzhou, Quanzhou, and Tongshan, along with relief-suppression and middle-route regional commanders, each with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and 2,000 men. Brigade deputy commanders were posted at Fuzhou, Zhangzhou, and Jianning, each with three battalions of garrison troops, eight officers each, and a strength of 3,000 men. A Fuzhou naval detachment was established, along with brigade garrison troops under brigade deputy commanders at Tingzhou, Xinghua, Shaowu, Yanping, Min'an, and Tong'an—seven in all—each with eight officers and a strength of 2,000 men. The Funing brigade deputy commander commanded two battalions with seven officers and a total strength of 1,800 men. Regimental vice commanders were posted to camps including Quanzhou and brigade commanders to camps including Changle, each with eight officers and a strength of 1,000 men.
17
順治八年，定兩廣官兵經制。 廣東設巡撫，標兵二營，將領八，兵凡二千。 設廣東提督，標兵五營，將領八，兵凡五千。 設廣東水師總兵官，標兵六千，分左右二協，中、左、右三營。 二協設副將，復分二營，設將領八，兵一千五百。 三營水師，各設將領八，兵各一千。 設肇慶、潮州、瓊州三鎮總兵官，標兵二營，將領八，兵凡二千。 設韶州、惠州、高州、南雄四協副將，協標兵皆二營，將領各八，共兵各二千。 惟南雄為一千六百。 設肇慶、高州水師及吳川等營參將，柘林鎮各營游擊，將領各七，共兵各一千。 設東莞、始興等州縣守備以下將領，兵二百至五百有差。 廣西設巡撫，標兵二營，將領八，兵凡千五百。 廣西提督標兵分五營，將領八，兵凡四千有奇。 設左右翼總兵官，並桂林暨南寧城守營。 九年，增設潯梧、柳慶、思南三協副將以下將領，兵各千二百； 鬱林、新太、河池三營參將以下將領，兵各六百； 永寧、昭平二營參將以下將領，兵各四百； 上思、三里二營守備以下將領，兵各二百； 賀縣營守備，兵百人。 十年，定兩廣總督標兵分五營，中營設將領八，左、右、前、後營共將領八，兵凡五千。 國初置兩廣總督，康熙二年，專轄廣東，四年，兼轄兩廣，雍正元年，復專轄廣東，十三年，仍兼轄兩廣。
In Shunzhi 8 (1651), the regular military establishment for Guangdong and Guangxi was set. Guangdong received a provincial governor with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and 2,000 men. A Guangdong provincial military commander was appointed, with five battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and a total strength of 5,000 men. A Guangdong naval regional commander was appointed commanding 6,000 garrison troops, organized into left and right brigades and center, left, and right battalions. Each of the two brigades had a deputy commander and was subdivided into two battalions with eight officers and 1,500 men. Each of the three naval battalions had eight officers and a strength of 1,000 men. Regional commanders were posted at the garrison towns of Zhaoqing, Chaozhou, and Qiongzhou, each with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and 2,000 men. Brigade deputy commanders were posted at Shaozhou, Huizhou, Gaozhou, and Nanxiong, each with two battalions of brigade garrison troops, eight officers each, and a strength of 2,000 men. Only Nanxiong had a strength of 1,600 men. Regimental vice commanders were posted to the Zhaoqing and Gaozhou naval detachments and camps including Wuchuan, and brigade commanders to various Zhelin garrison camps, each with seven officers and a strength of 1,000 men. Officers from garrison commander down were posted in prefectures and counties including Dongguan and Shixing, with troop strengths ranging from 200 to 500. Guangxi received a provincial governor with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and 1,500 men. The Guangxi provincial military commander's garrison troops were organized into five battalions with eight officers and a total strength of slightly over 4,000 men. Left- and right-wing regional commanders were appointed, along with city-garrison camps at Guilin and Nanning. In the ninth year, brigade deputy commanders and subordinate officers were added at Xunwu, Liuqing, and Sinan, each with 1,200 men; regimental vice commanders and subordinate officers at the camps of Yulin, Xintai, and Hechi, each with 600 men; regimental vice commanders and subordinate officers at the camps of Yongning and Zhaoping, each with 400 men; garrison commanders and subordinate officers at the camps of Shangsi and Sanli, each with 200 men; The Hexian camp garrison commander commanded 100 men. In the tenth year, the Two Guangs governor-general's garrison troops were organized into five battalions—the center battalion with eight officers and the left, right, front, and rear battalions sharing eight officers among them—for a total strength of 5,000 men. At the dynasty's founding a Two Guangs governor-general was appointed; in Kangxi 2 (1663) the post governed Guangdong alone; in Kangxi 4 (1665) it again covered both provinces; in Yongzheng 1 (1723) it reverted to Guangdong alone; and in Yongzheng 13 (1735) it once more governed both Guangdong and Guangxi.
18
順治十六年，定雲、貴官兵經制。 設雲貴總督，標兵分中、左、右、前四營，中營設將領八，餘三營將領八，兵凡四千。 設雲南巡撫，標兵二營，將領八，兵一千五百。 先一年，貴州設巡撫，營制亦同。 及是設貴州提督，標兵分左、右、前、後四營，左營設將領八，餘三營將領八，兵凡三千。 設大定、黔西、鎮遠、威寧四鎮總兵官，標兵三營，將領八，兵各二千有奇。 設貴陽城守協及平遠、定廣、銅仁、平越、安南五協副將，標兵二營，游擊以下將領。 設思南營等處參將、游擊、守備，分統官兵。 國初雲貴總督，兩省互駐。 康熙元年，分置兩省總督，自後或改或並。 迨乾隆中，仍定為雲貴總督。 此直省綠營初制也。
In Shunzhi 16 (1659), the regular military establishment for Yunnan and Guizhou was set. A Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general was appointed, with garrison troops organized into center, left, right, and front battalions—the center battalion with eight officers and the other three sharing eight officers among them—for a total strength of 4,000 men. A Yunnan provincial governor was appointed, with two battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and 1,500 men. One year earlier, Guizhou had received a provincial governor under the same camp organization. At this point a Guizhou provincial military commander was appointed, with garrison troops organized into left, right, front, and rear battalions—the left battalion with eight officers and the other three sharing eight officers among them—for a total of 3,000 men. Regional commanders were posted at the garrison towns of Dading, Qianxi, Zhenyuan, and Weining, each with three battalions of garrison troops, eight officers, and a strength of slightly over 2,000 men. A Guiyang city-garrison brigade and brigade deputy commanders at Pingyuan, Dingguang, Tongren, Pingyue, and Annan were established, each with two battalions of garrison troops and officers from brigade commander down. Regimental vice commanders, brigade commanders, and garrison commanders were posted to Sinan camp and other locations to command their respective forces. At the dynasty's founding the Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general alternated his base between the two provinces. In Kangxi 1 (1662), separate governor-generals were appointed for each province; thereafter the arrangement was repeatedly changed or merged. During the Qianlong reign the post was once again fixed as governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou. This was the original regular establishment of the provincial Green Standard Army.
19
雍正四年，靖逆將軍富寧安於哈密置大小卡路八，西安總兵潘之善於沙州西南諸隘設哨探、置台站防夷。 五年，以浙江綠營積弱，選山、陝、甘兵壯健者移駐之。 十年，以苗疆遼闊，貴州改設總兵、游擊，統轄丹江、台拱等營，及銅仁、鎮遠、石阡各協，並新設上江、下江諸營協，隸古州，以鎮攝之。 十一年，諭各總兵官巡察營伍。 乾隆五年，用湖廣總督那蘇圖言，裁虛設戰船，除私立提塘，及字識占冒口糧之弊。 十六年，定哈密駐防兵制，於安、甘、涼、肅四提、鎮營分遣將弁廿餘，兵二千往駐。 二年一受代，四月、八月迭更半數，新舊相間，以資教練。 回營時，鎮臣核其勤惰，分別擢用之。 十八年，陝甘總督尹繼善疏陳西陲防務，宜慎選安西將材，多備槍彈，預蓄資糧，築城垣，擇畜牧，允行。 二十四年，改安西提督為巴里坤提督，設哈密副將以下將領八，兵八百，餘裁改有差。 尋改設烏魯木齊總兵官，分中、左、右營及城守營，隸巴里坤提督。 凡巴里坤、烏魯木齊將領官兵，歸陝甘總督統屬。 乾隆四十一年，大小金川平，新入版圖，屯兵駐守，制同內地，設懋功、綏靖、崇化、撫邊、慶寧等營，置游擊、守備等官，兵共二千六百有奇。 四十九年，以陝甘總督福康安言，甘肅原設額兵五萬六千六百人，陝西額兵三萬四千五百九十人，迭經移駐裁併，存兵五萬五千九百餘，減原額過半。 嗣增兵萬二千七百餘，合舊存兵額凡七萬人。 而州縣墩戍兵力猶單，請於平涼等府州縣各增兵額，墩堡四十四座，於各標兵內酌選移駐，從之。 旋議再增兵三千。 又議陝、甘各營兵習弓矢、鳥槍、馬上槍箭，每日在本營習技，五日小合操，十日大合操，演九進十連環陣法，練勁旅三萬人。 五十三年，諭提、鎮不得私立旗牌、伴當等名，致侵兵額。 嘉慶四年，以剿辦教匪，各省額兵徵調四齣，令各省召募補充。 五年，陝西設寧陝鎮總兵、副將以下官，咸如昔制。 十年，諭各督、撫、提、鎮，以練習鄉勇法練習綠旗兵。 道光五年，諭直隸備戰兵萬五千三百有奇，演習車砲陣式。 旋即議裁。 十六年，諭直隸營兵以四成習弓矢，二成習步槍兼馬槍，其刀矛二技，令藤牌軍盡習之。 二十二年，直隸蘆台增設通永鎮總兵官，以北塘、海口等十五營均歸統屬，分三營，設游擊、守備等將領，新鎮標兵凡五千四百餘，專操水陸技藝。 咸豐八年，河南歸德營升為鎮，設總兵官、左右營都司、游擊等，馬兵五百八十，步兵千一百有奇。 同治元年，諭專設總督之直隸、江南、四川、甘肅及督、撫同城之福建、廣東、湖北由總督會同提督節制。 其江蘇、浙江、安徽、江西、陝西、湖南、廣西、貴州各鎮兵，就近由巡撫節制。 四年，增安徽皖南鎮總兵官，設將領弁兵如制。 六年，諭寧夏鎮綠營兵原額七千，陝西定邊協原額千人，回匪亂後，存者寥寥，咸令補足。 九年，改廣東赤溪營為水師，隸陽江鎮統轄，變通巡洋舊章。 又移湖北武昌城守營分防金口、簰洲二汛。 十二年，于山西南北二鎮選兵一千，分二營，設將領訓練。 光緒十一年，以廣西南邊二千餘里，原設隘一百九，分卡六十六，兵力猶單，分要處為三路，鎮南關口關前隘憑祥土州為中路，自關以東諸隘為東路，以西諸隘為西路，就原有防軍二十二營並為二十四營，以十二營專防中路，餘十二營分防東、西路。 廣西提督自柳州移駐龍州。 其城守營設游擊及守備等。 增設柳慶鎮總兵官，駐柳州。 綠營歷年增損規制，大略如是。 其移駐編改，節目不能覙縷以詳也。
In Yongzheng 4 (1726), Pacification General Funing'an established eight large and small card posts at Hami, while Xi'an regional commander Pan Zhishan posted scouts and relay stations at passes southwest of Shazhou to guard against frontier incursions. In the fifth year, finding the Zhejiang Green Standard Army chronically weak, the court selected sturdy troops from Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and transferred them to garrison the province. In the tenth year, given the vast Miao frontier, Guizhou reorganized regional commanders and brigade commanders to oversee camps including Danjiang and Taigong, brigades at Tongren, Zhenyuan, and Shiqian, and newly established upper- and lower-river camps and brigades subordinate to Guzhou for frontier control. In the eleventh year, an edict directed all regional commanders to inspect their camps and troops. In Qianlong 5 (1740), acting on Huguang governor-general Nasutu's proposal, the court abolished fictitious warships, eliminated private courier stations, and rooted out abuses involving padded rolls and misappropriated rations. In the sixteenth year, the garrison system at Hami was fixed, with more than twenty officers dispatched from the camps of the Anxi, Gansu, Liangzhou, and Suzhou provincial military commanders and garrison towns, and 2,000 troops sent to garrison the post. Relief occurred every two years, with half the force rotating in the fourth and eighth months, new and old troops alternating to maintain training. Upon returning to their home camps, garrison commanders assessed each man's diligence or slackness and promoted or employed them accordingly. In the eighteenth year, Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general Yin Jishan memorialized on western frontier defense, urging careful selection of capable Anxi officers, ample stockpiles of firearms and ammunition, advance accumulation of supplies, construction of fortifications, and selection of pasturelands; the proposal was approved. In the twenty-fourth year, the Anxi provincial military commander was redesignated the Barkol provincial military commander; a Hami deputy commander and seven subordinate officers commanding 800 troops were established, while the remainder was abolished or adjusted as appropriate. Soon afterward a Urumqi regional commander was appointed, with center, left, and right battalions and a city-garrison camp subordinate to the Barkol provincial military commander. All officers and troops at Barkol and Urumqi were placed under the unified command of the Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general. In Qianlong 41 (1776), after the pacification of Greater and Lesser Jinchuan, the newly annexed territory was garrisoned under the same system as the interior, with camps including Maogong, Suijing, Chonghua, Fubian, and Qingning staffed by brigade commanders, garrison commanders, and other officers, for a total strength of slightly over 2,600 men. In the forty-ninth year, following Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general Fuk'anggan's report, Gansu's original quota stood at 56,600 troops and Shaanxi's at 34,590; after repeated transfers, garrisons, and cuts, only 55,900-odd remained—more than half the original quota had been eliminated. Subsequently 12,700-odd troops were added, bringing the combined existing and new quota to 70,000 men. Yet garrison strength at prefectural, county, and blockhouse posts remained inadequate; the court approved a request to increase troop quotas in prefectures and counties including Pingliang, establishing forty-four blockhouses and selecting troops from existing garrison battalions for transfer. A further proposal followed to add 3,000 troops. It was also proposed that troops in each Shaanxi and Gansu camp train in bows and arrows, muskets, and mounted musketry—daily drill within their own camps, small combined exercises every five days, large combined exercises every ten days, practicing the nine-advances ten-linked-rings formation to build an elite force of 30,000 men. In the fifty-third year, an edict forbade provincial military commanders and garrison commanders from maintaining private name-plates, attendants, and the like, lest they encroach on authorized troop quotas. In Jiaqing 4 (1799), to suppress the White Lotus sect rebels, four-tenths of each province's quota troops were mobilized, and the provinces were ordered to recruit replacements. In the fifth year, a Ningshan garrison town regional commander and subordinate officers were established in Shaanxi, all according to the former system. In the tenth year, an edict directed all governors-general, governors, provincial military commanders, and garrison commanders to train Green Standard troops using the militia training method. In Daoguang 5 (1825), an edict directed Zhili's 15,300-odd combat-ready troops to drill in wheeled-artillery formations. Soon afterward a proposal was made to abolish them. In the sixteenth year, an edict directed Zhili camp troops to devote forty percent to bow and arrow drill, twenty percent to foot and mounted musketry, and to have rattan-shield troops fully trained in sword and spear. In the twenty-second year, a Tongyong garrison town regional commander was added at Lutai in Zhili, placing fifteen camps including Beitang and Haikou under his command in three battalions with brigade commanders, garrison commanders, and other officers; the new garrison's troops totaled 5,400-odd men, specializing in land and naval skills. In Xianfeng 8 (1858), Henan's Guide camp was promoted to a garrison town, with a regional commander, left and right battalion company commanders, brigade commanders, and others appointed—580 cavalry and slightly over 1,100 infantry. In Tongzhi 1 (1862), an edict directed that in Zhili, Jiangnan, Sichuan, and Gansu—which had dedicated governor-generals—and in Fujian, Guangdong, and Hubei—where governor-general and governor shared the same city—military control was to be exercised jointly by the governor-general and the provincial military commander. The garrison troops of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Hunan, Guangxi, and Guizhou were placed under the control of the provincial governor in each case. In the fourth year, a southern Anhui garrison town regional commander was added in Anhui, with officers, ranks, and troops established according to regulation. In the sixth year, an edict noted that the Ningxia garrison Green Standard Army's original quota was 7,000 and the Shaanxi Dingbian brigade's 1,000; after the Muslim rebellion scarcely any remained, and all were ordered brought back to full strength. In the ninth year, Guangdong's Chixi camp was converted to a naval detachment under the Yangjiang garrison's command, modifying the old coastal patrol regulations. Hubei's Wuchang city-garrison camp was also redeployed to guard the Jinkou and Paizhou guard posts separately. In the twelfth year, 1,000 troops were selected from Shanxi's northern and southern garrisons, organized into two battalions with officers appointed for training. In Guangxu 11 (1885), with Guangxi's southern border extending more than 2,000 li and its 109 original passes and 66 checkpoint stations still inadequately garrisoned, key points were divided into three routes—the middle route covering Zhennanguan, Guanqian Pass, and Pingxiang Subprefecture, the eastern route covering passes east of the border, and the western route those to the west; the original twenty-two garrison battalions were consolidated into twenty-four, twelve dedicated to the middle route and the remaining twelve split between the eastern and western routes. The Guangxi provincial military commander relocated his headquarters from Liuzhou to Longzhou. Its city-garrison camp was staffed with brigade commanders, garrison commanders, and other officers. A Liuqing garrison town regional commander was added, based at Liuzhou. The Green Standard Army's increases and reductions over the years were broadly as described above. As for transfers, garrisons, and reorganizations, the particulars cannot be set forth in exhaustive detail.
20
若其裁汰之數，自順治中，所裁山西標兵四千餘，陝、甘將領四十八，兵一萬六百餘，河南五百，湖廣五千，江西三千，將領八，江南萬九千餘，將領百十七，其最多者也。 餘者海州一協，裁將領七，兵六百餘，臨清一鎮，裁將領五，兵一千，三營兵五百，沂州鎮裁將領九，臨清城守營將領五，兵三百，壽張營兵二百。 又裁江西及南贛撫標二營官兵，四川撫標、湖北及鄖陽撫標各二營官兵，多少不等。 康熙八年，裁辰常鎮總兵，設辰州協標官兵。 二十三年，裁崇明提督，設崇明水師總兵，定三營及奇兵營制。 三十四年後，計所裁標兵，南贛鎮千餘，九江協九百餘，銅鼓營兵八百餘為最多，餘者自四、五百以下，少至六、七人。 乾隆中，裁撫標新設二營，餘所裁最多三百餘，最少十人、九人。 嘉慶十九年，諭各標額兵六十二萬四千餘，較雍、乾以來所增實多，令督、撫、提、鎮量加裁汰。 於是次第減萬四千有奇。 二十五年，又諭各省勿糜餉以養額兵。 道光中，裁陝、甘綠營馬兵三千六百餘。 又裁山東、山西撫標，及兗州等三鎮，太原、大同二鎮，東河河標，雲、貴督、撫、鎮、協各標兵額，暨福建水陸各營，浙江馬、步兵，兩廣、江蘇、安徽馬、步、守兵各有差。
As for the numbers abolished, from the Shunzhi period the largest cuts were: 4,000-odd Shanxi garrison troops; forty-eight officers and 10,600-odd troops in Shaanxi and Gansu; 500 in Henan; 5,000 in Huguang; 3,000 troops and eight officers in Jiangxi; and 19,000-odd troops and 117 officers in Jiangnan. Smaller cuts included one Haizhou brigade—seven officers and 600-odd troops; one Linqing garrison town—five officers and 1,000 troops; three battalions totaling 500 troops; the Yizhou garrison town—nine officers; the Linqing city-garrison camp—five officers and 300 troops; and the Shouzhang camp—200 troops. Further cuts affected officers and troops of two Jiangxi battalions and the southern Ganzhou governor's battalions, the Sichuan governor's battalions, and two battalions each for Hubei and the Xunyang governor, in varying numbers. In Kangxi 8 (1669), the Chenchang garrison regional commander was abolished and Chenzhou brigade garrison officers and troops were established in his place. In the twenty-third year, the Chongming provincial military commander was abolished and a Chongming naval regional commander was appointed, with a fixed organization of three battalions and an irregular-troop battalion. Thirty-four years later, when the garrison troops abolished were totaled up, the largest cuts were at the southern Ganzhou garrison town—over a thousand men—the Jiujiang brigade—over nine hundred—and the Tonggu camp—over eight hundred. The rest ranged from four or five hundred down to as few as six or seven men. During the Qianlong reign, two newly established governor's garrison battalions were abolished. Among the remaining cuts, the largest was over three hundred men and the smallest as few as nine or ten. In Jiaqing 19 (1814), an edict noted that quota troops under all garrison standards numbered over 624,000—far exceeding the increases made since the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns—and ordered governors-general, governors, provincial military commanders, and regional commanders to carry out further measured reductions. Reductions were then carried out in stages, totaling over fourteen thousand men. In the twenty-fifth year, another edict instructed the provinces not to squander rations maintaining troops on the regular establishment. During the Daoguang reign, over 3,600 Green Standard cavalry in Shaanxi and Gansu were abolished. Further cuts affected the Shandong and Shanxi governors' garrison troops; three garrison towns including Yanzhou; the Taiyuan and Datong garrison towns; the Eastern Canal river garrison standard; the garrison troop quotas of the Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general, governors, garrison towns, and brigades; Fujian's land and naval camps; Zhejiang cavalry and infantry; and the cavalry, infantry, and garrison troops of the Two Guang, Jiangsu, and Anhui, each to varying degrees.
21
咸豐元年，曾國籓疏言：「八旗勁旅，以強半翊衛京師，以少半駐防天下，而山海要隘，往往布滿，其額數常不過三十五萬。 綠營兵名為六十餘萬，其實缺額常六、七萬人。 乾隆中葉，增兵議起。 向之空名坐糧，悉令補足，一舉而增兵逾六萬。 經費驟加，大學士阿桂爭之不得。 至嘉慶、道光間，睹帑藏之漸絀，思阿桂之遠慮，特詔裁兵，而兩次所裁僅一萬六千。 請飭各省留強汰弱，復乾隆初制。」 諭如所請，命各督、撫分三年裁復舊額，所裁之數，年終匯陳，不得再有空糧之弊。 四年，裁山西馬、步、守兵五千八百餘，雲南步、守兵三千九百餘。 同治八年，裁九江、洞庭、岳州、荊州等水師營，改城守營，並酌設陸汛。
In Xianfeng 1 (1851), Zeng Guofan memorialized: "The Eight Banners' elite forces—slightly more than half guard the capital, while slightly less than half garrison the realm—and strategic mountain and sea passes are often fully manned. Their total establishment never exceeds 350,000 men. The Green Standard Army was nominally over 600,000 strong, but vacancies usually ran to sixty or seventy thousand men. In the mid-Qianlong period, proposals to increase troop strength were raised. Phantom rolls that had drawn pay without men were all ordered filled, and in a single stroke the army grew by over sixty thousand troops. Military expenditures suddenly surged, and Grand Secretary Agui objected in vain. By the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, as the treasury gradually emptied and Agui's foresight came to mind, special edicts ordered troop reductions—yet two rounds of cuts eliminated only sixteen thousand men. He requested that the provinces be ordered to retain the strong and eliminate the weak, restoring the system of early Qianlong." An edict approved the request and ordered each governor-general and governor to restore the old quotas over three years, report the numbers cut at year's end, and ensure that the abuse of phantom pay did not recur. In the fourth year, over 5,800 Shanxi cavalry, infantry, and garrison troops were cut, along with over 3,900 Yunnan infantry and garrison troops. In Tongzhi 8 (1869), the Jiujiang, Dongting, Yuezhou, Jingzhou, and other naval camps were abolished, converted into city-garrison camps, and land guard posts were established as appropriate.
22
光緒五年，左宗棠、楊昌濬疏言：「軍興未收制兵之效，由餉薄而額多，不能應時精練，兵不練與無兵同，練不精與不練同。 甘肅賦少兵多，軍實向資他省，餉源稍絀，動滋事端。 亟宜量減可裁之兵，以節餉糈，即以所裁軍餉加所留之兵，庶可責其勤練。 雍正中，甘兵定額較內地為多，後雖陸續裁減，計尚存馬、步、守兵五萬七千餘。 即須分成核減。」 六年，丁寶楨言：「四川自軍興後，招募營勇，裁者少而增者多。 同治間，楚、黔、川勇多至六萬餘。 次第裁撤，至今存營勇二千九百餘，尚可裁其什一。」 是歲，湖南各營弁兵及水陸防勇次第裁者四千三百餘，湖北裁者三千二百餘，安徽陸續裁者約九千餘。 八年，張曜疏言：「裁汰勇丁，即可規復兵額，變通營制，方能永固邊防。」 九年，張之洞奏整頓山西綠營練軍，裁湘軍正勇千人，設籌資遣，尋復裁汰，綜合前後裁兵約及六千人。 時貴州制兵裁汰二成，守兵裁者三千二百餘，戰兵二千九百餘。 江西額兵萬一千九百餘，近始以制兵作練軍，然長年調練，冒替弊生，遂有「兵止一人，人已三變」之誚。 因定撫標選鋒仍舊操練，裁外屬各營抽練之軍，悉回原汛。
In Guangxu 5 (1879), Zuo Zongtang and Yang Changjun memorialized: "Campaign after campaign has failed to make regular establishment troops effective. Pay is too thin and quotas too large for timely, thorough drilling. Undrilled troops are no better than none, and poorly drilled troops are no better than undrilled ones. Gansu had low tax revenue but many troops; its military supplies had long depended on other provinces, and whenever pay sources ran short, trouble quickly followed. Troops that could be cut should be reduced without delay to save rations, and the pay of those eliminated should be added to those retained, so that diligent drilling could finally be demanded of them. Under Yongzheng, Gansu's regular establishment was larger than that of the interior provinces. Though successive cuts followed, over 57,000 cavalry, infantry, and garrison troops still remained. These had to be proportionally verified and reduced." In the sixth year, Ding Baozhen stated: "Since the outbreak of war in Sichuan, camp braves have been recruited—few cut, many added. During the Tongzhi period, braves from Chu, Guizhou, and Sichuan reached over sixty thousand. They were progressively disbanded; today over 2,900 camp braves remain, and a further tenth can still be cut." That year, over 4,300 officers and troops from Hunan's camps and land and naval defense braves were cut in succession; over 3,200 in Hubei; and about 9,000 in Anhui through successive reductions. In the eighth year, Zhang Yao memorialized: "Cutting braves will allow restoration of the regular establishment; only by adapting the camp system can the border defenses be secured permanently." In the ninth year, Zhang Zhidong memorialized on reorganizing the Shanxi Green Standard drilled troops, cut one thousand regular Hunan Army braves, set aside funds for their dismissal, and soon ordered further cuts. Counting earlier and later reductions together, about six thousand troops were eliminated. At the time, Guizhou's regular establishment troops were cut by twenty percent—over 3,200 garrison troops and over 2,900 combat troops. Jiangxi's quota troops numbered over 11,900. Only recently had regular establishment troops been converted into drilled troops, but long-term rotation for drill bred impersonation abuses, giving rise to the mockery that "only one soldier remained on the rolls while three men had already changed." It was therefore decided that the governor's garrison elite selection would continue drilling as before, that extracted-drill forces from subordinate camps would be abolished, and that all would return to their original guard posts.
23
十一年，諭直省裁汰綠營。 卞寶第言：「廣西額兵二萬三千，土兵一萬四千。 粵逆初起，不過二千人。 合此巨數之兵，不能擊少數之賊。 廣西如此，他可類推。 自後發、捻、回、苗恣亂，綠營戰績無聞。 今宜以漸變通營制，裁額並糧，以兩餉挑一兵。 如額兵一萬，分二十營，一半駐守，一半巡防。 無事則計日操防，有警則隨時援應。 綠營積習，無許復存。」
In the eleventh year, an edict ordered all provinces to cut the Green Standard Army. Bian Baodi stated: "Guangxi has 23,000 quota troops and 14,000 native troops. When the Guangdong rebels first rose, they numbered no more than two thousand men. Combined, this vast force could not defeat a small band of rebels. If Guangxi was thus, the same could be inferred for the other provinces. Afterward, as the Taiping, Nian, Muslim, and Miao rebellions raged unchecked, the Green Standard Army won no renown in battle. Now the camp system should gradually be reformed: quotas cut and rations combined, with the pay of two soldiers used to support one selected man. For example, ten thousand quota troops might be divided into twenty camps, half to garrison and half to patrol. In peacetime they would drill and patrol on a fixed schedule; when alarm arose they would respond as needed. None of the Green Standard Army's accumulated abuses were to be permitted to remain."
24
二十二年，諭：「近者戶部奏請裁兵，宜汰綠營七成，勇營三成。 通諭以來，惟山東陳明分限五年裁減五成，此外酌裁無幾。 綜各省兵勇尚八十萬有餘，歲餉約共三千餘萬。 綠營積惰，久成虛設。 當茲借款期迫，棄有用之餉，養無用之兵，因之國窮民蹙。 各將軍、督、撫亟應定限切實裁減以聞。」
In the twenty-second year, an edict stated: "Recently the Board of Revenue memorialized requesting troop cuts: the Green Standard Army should be reduced by seventy percent and braves camps by thirty percent. Since the circular edict went out, only Shandong had clearly stated a five-year plan to cut fifty percent; otherwise few measured reductions had been made. Counting all provinces together, troops and braves still exceeded 800,000, with annual pay totaling about thirty million taels. The Green Standard Army's accumulated sloth had long reduced it to a hollow institution. At a time when loan deadlines pressed, useful funds were squandered to maintain useless troops, leaving the state impoverished and the people squeezed. All generals, governors-general, and governors should urgently set deadlines, carry out real cuts, and report back."
25
二十四年，從胡燏棻等言，裁併綠營、練勇，選練新操。 時山東兵額已陸續裁十之三。 至是以不敷分配，未裁之二成，仍止不裁。 於是山西以汰存兵額不敷防卡之用，請增練新軍數營。 恭壽亦言綠營弊深，屢裁而益弱，須藉民力以輔之，宜急行團練。
In the twenty-fourth year, following the advice of Hu Yi'e and others, the Green Standard Army and drilled braves were cut and merged, and new drill routines were adopted. At the time, Shandong's troop quotas had already been reduced by thirty percent in successive stages. Now, because funds were insufficient to distribute, the remaining uncut twenty percent was left untouched. Thereupon Shanxi, finding that the remaining troops after cuts were insufficient for guard post defense, requested the addition of several new drilled army camps. Gong Shou also stated that Green Standard abuses ran deep, that repeated cuts only made the army weaker, that the populace's strength had to be enlisted to assist, and that militia training should be urgently carried out.
26
二十七年，劉坤一、張之洞奏汰綠營，言：「綠營官皆選補，兵皆土著。 兵非弁之所自招，弁非將之所親信，既無恩義，自難鈐束。 以傳舍之官，馭世業之兵，亦如州縣之於吏役，欲其整飭變化，服教從風，此必無之事。 況綠營將弁，薰染官習，官弁且不易教，況於兵乎！ 層層積弊，已入膏肓，既甚驕頑，又極疲弱，本難練成可用之兵，自非裁汰不可。 惟有分年漸裁一策，不分馬、步、戰、守，每年裁二十分之一，計百人裁五，限二十年而竣。 計成扣餉，按次銷除，即以節省之餉，作緝捕營察之用。 惟湖南鎮筸鎮，系改土歸流，無土著農戶，除苗產外，地皆屯田，民皆兵籍，綏靖鎮亦然，請於此兩鎮兵額不再裁汰，但將綠營改為勇營。 所裁將領，可用者改隸勇營，不能帶勇者，開缺或改官。 使武職無把持之弊，合天下兵出於勇營之一途。 更定營名，以符名實。」
In the twenty-seventh year, Liu Kunyi and Zhang Zhidong memorialized on eliminating the Green Standard Army, stating: "Green Standard officers were all selected appointments, and the troops were all local natives. The troops were not recruited by the company commanders, and the company commanders were not the generals' trusted men. Without bonds of grace and duty, restraint was naturally impossible. Using transient officials to command hereditary troops was like prefects and magistrates dealing with clerks and runners. To expect them to reform, accept instruction, and follow new ways was impossible. Moreover, Green Standard generals and officers were steeped in bureaucratic habits. If the officers themselves were hard to teach, how much more the troops! Abuses had accumulated layer upon layer to a terminal state. The troops were both extremely arrogant and stubborn and extremely weak. They could not be drilled into usable soldiers, and cuts were unavoidable. Only the strategy of gradual yearly cuts remained. Regardless of cavalry, infantry, combat, or garrison troops, one twentieth would be cut each year—five out of every hundred—and the process would be completed within twenty years. Pay would be calculated and withheld, eliminated in sequence, and the saved rations would be used for patrol, arrest, and garrison police duties. Only Hunan's Zhengan garrison town, having passed from native chieftain rule to direct administration, had no local farming households. Apart from Miao lands, all land was garrison farmland and all people were on military registers—the same was true of the Suijing garrison town. It was requested that these two garrison towns' quotas not be cut further, but that the Green Standard Army there be converted into braves camps. Officers cut from the rolls who were still usable would be transferred to braves camps; those who could not lead braves would leave their posts vacant or be transferred to civil office. Thus military offices would be free of monopolized control, and all troops under Heaven would come from the single path of braves camps. Camp names would be revised to match reality."
27
二十九年，從徐世昌等言，以綠營挑改巡警。
In the twenty-ninth year, following the advice of Xu Shichang and others, Green Standard troops were selected and converted into police patrol forces.
28
宣統元年，步軍統領衙門疏言：「巡捕五營，原設馬、戰制兵萬人。 嗣因屢次裁併，中營現兵千五百人，內分馬兵五百四十，戰兵八百六十，簡差戰兵百人。 南營兵千二百五十人，內分馬兵三百二十，戰兵三百三十，簡差戰兵百人。 左營兵八百人，內分馬兵三百二十，戰兵三百八十，簡差戰兵百人。 右營兵七百人，內分馬、戰兵各三百，簡差戰兵百人。 惟南營汛地設巡警後，差務較簡，請撥南營兵三百七十五人隸北、左、右三營，每營馬兵各三百六十五人，戰兵四百十人。」 是年，免裁之鎮筸、綏靖二鎮，定議改為續備軍。 此外乾州、永綏、常德諸協，河溪、保靖等營，留兵各三、四百人，去綠營之名，改勇營規制，作為續備軍。 岳州、澧州等營，各裁將弁，存兵六十四人或至九十三人。 其餘撫、提、鎮、協諸營，各裁統將，一以同城將領兼統餘兵。 湖北通省將領，副將五人裁去一人，參將七人裁二人，游擊十七人裁五人，都司十一人裁三人，守備三十三人裁十人。 其撫標各營尚未盡裁，俟分軍裁汰。 是年，裁江北舊役衛兵左右二哨兵。 貴州綠營已裁二成，尋裁副將以下各官，歸併四營，酌改六營，惟邊防要地佐防軍所不及者緩裁。
In Xuantong 1 (1909), the Infantry Command memorialized: "The five patrol camps originally had ten thousand regular cavalry and combat troops on the establishment. Subsequently, because of repeated cuts and mergers, the Center Camp presently had 1,500 troops—540 cavalry, 860 combat troops, and 100 combat troops detailed for special duty. The South Camp had 1,250 troops—320 cavalry, 330 combat troops, and 100 combat troops detailed for special duty. The Left Camp had 800 troops—320 cavalry, 380 combat troops, and 100 combat troops detailed for special duty. The Right Camp had 700 troops—300 cavalry and 300 combat troops each, plus 100 combat troops detailed for special duty. After police patrol was established in the South Camp's guard post area and its duties became lighter, it was requested that 375 South Camp troops be transferred to the North, Left, and Right camps, with each camp then having 365 cavalry and 410 combat troops." That year, the Zhengan and Suijing garrison towns exempted from cuts were decided to be converted into reserve armies. Beyond this, the Qianzhou, Yongshou, and Changde brigades and the Hexi, Baojing, and other camps each retained three or four hundred troops, dropped the Green Standard name, adopted braves camp regulations, and served as reserve armies. The Yuezhou, Lizhou, and other camps each cut their officers and retained between sixty-four and ninety-three troops. The remaining governor's, provincial military commander's, garrison town's, and brigade camps each cut their commanding generals, and officers in the same city jointly commanded the remaining troops. Province-wide in Hubei, one of five deputy regimental vice commanders was cut; two of seven regimental vice commanders; five of seventeen regional commanders; three of eleven garrison commanders; and ten of thirty-three company commanders. The governor's garrison camps had not yet been fully cut and awaited phased reduction by separate armies. That year, the left and right platoons of old-service guard troops in Jiangbei were abolished. Guizhou's Green Standard Army had already been cut by twenty percent. Soon deputy regimental vice commanders and all officers below were cut, four camps were merged and six camps adjusted. Only at vital border defense points where auxiliary defense forces could not reach were cuts deferred.
29
二年，浙江綠營裁汰後，尚餘將領三百九十九，兵七千餘，一律裁盡，收取馬匹軍械，改編巡防隊八營。 四川綠營次第裁盡，挑選精壯改練防軍。 湖廣營已裁十成之七，一、二年後，即可裁盡。 湖北自咸豐八年裁馬兵改步兵，同治八、九年，先後裁撤水陸軍二千一百有奇，馬二百餘匹，光緒十一年以來，又裁二千九百有奇，馬、步、戰、守兵七千六百有奇，馬八百八十餘匹，實存馬、步、守兵共七千餘，馬千六百六十匹，以後分年裁盡。 尋湖北之漢陽協興國等營，湖南之衡州協保靖等營，副將以下各官，一律停補。 裁福建綠營，計至宣統六年裁盡，現存將領三百八十人，步、戰、守、舵、炊、兵夫五千九百有奇。 直隸綠營，於同治年間改為練軍。 光緒以來，通永等鎮分年裁減，至二十九年，實存馬、步、戰、守兵二萬六千餘人。 其天津城守及葛沽、通永、通州、北塘等凡十一營，當庚子之變，潰散無餘，遂悉裁撤。 此外各營均十裁其三，復裁將弁三百十四人。 其大沽六營，庚子年傷亡過甚，亦全裁之，改設巡警。
In the second year, after Zhejiang's Green Standard cuts, 399 officers and over 7,000 troops still remained. All were abolished completely, horses and weapons were collected, and eight patrol defense camps were reorganized. Sichuan's Green Standard Army was progressively cut to completion, and the elite and strong were selected and converted into defense troops. Huguang's camps had already been cut by seventy percent and could be abolished completely within one or two years. In Hubei, from Xianfeng 8 (1858) cavalry were cut and converted to infantry. In Tongzhi 8 and 9 (1869–1870), over 2,100 land and naval troops and over 200 horses were cut in succession. From Guangxu 11 (1885) onward, another over 2,900 men, over 7,600 cavalry, infantry, combat, and garrison troops, and over 880 horses were cut. What actually remained were over 7,000 cavalry, infantry, and garrison troops and 1,660 horses, to be abolished completely in successive years thereafter. Soon at Hubei's Hanyang brigade, Xingguo, and other camps and Hunan's Hengzhou brigade, Baojing, and other camps, all vacancies from deputy regimental vice commander downward ceased to be filled. Fujian's Green Standard Army was being cut, with complete abolition planned by Xuantong 6 (1914). Presently 380 officers and over 5,900 infantry, combat, garrison, helmsmen, cooks, and soldier-laborers remained. Zhili's Green Standard Army was converted into drilled troops during the Tongzhi period. From the Guangxu period onward, the Tongzhou-Yongqing and other garrison towns were cut year by year. By the twenty-ninth year, over 26,000 cavalry, infantry, combat, and garrison troops actually remained. Eleven camps in all—including the Tianjin city garrison and those at Gezhu, Tongzhou-Yongqing, Tongzhou, and Beitang—scattered completely during the Gengzi incident and were all disbanded. Beyond this, each of the other camps was cut by thirty percent, and 314 officers were further abolished. The six Dagu camps, having suffered excessive casualties in the Gengzi year, were also all abolished and replaced with police patrol forces.
30
三年，直隸綠營尚存官弁七百餘，兵六千六百餘，實行裁汰，惟淮、練、巡防各營，暫仍其舊。 四川關外原設台兵，向由綠營撥派，共三十九台，將弁兵丁，一律裁撤。 福建綠營，豫定裁盡年限，所節之餉，編練巡防隊。 江西亦擬裁盡綠營。 甘肅邊要，陸軍尚未成鎮，僅存馬、步、守兵萬七千餘，資其防制之力，暫從緩裁。 山西綠營所存無幾，分三年盡裁之。 江南綠營亦然，惟徐州鎮標緩撤。 山東以全裁綠營情事窒礙，因請緩裁。 廣東綠營，三江、崖州二協，儋州營，督標中營均免裁。 其餘十減其四，將領五百餘，除邊要及兼防營之缺緩裁，餘悉停補，改練陸軍。 廣西綠營，自光緒二十九年裁後，僅存撫、提標將領五或四人，兵四五十人，左江、右江兩鎮將領各二人，兵各二十人。 此歷朝裁兵大較也。
In the third year, Zhili's Green Standard Army still had over 700 officers and over 6,600 troops, and cuts were actually carried out. Only the Huai, drilled, and patrol defense camps temporarily retained their old arrangements. Beyond the Sichuan passes, guard post troops originally established at thirty-nine posts and hitherto assigned from the Green Standard Army had their officers and troops all disbanded. For Fujian's Green Standard Army, a deadline for complete abolition was preset, and the saved pay was used to organize and drill patrol defense corps. Jiangxi also planned to abolish the Green Standard Army completely. At Gansu's vital border points, the army had not yet been formed into garrison towns. Only over 17,000 cavalry, infantry, and garrison troops remained, and relying on their defensive strength, cuts were temporarily deferred. Shanxi's Green Standard Army had little remaining and would be abolished completely over three years. Jiangnan's Green Standard Army was the same, except that the Xuzhou garrison standard was slowly withdrawn. Shandong, finding that complete abolition of the Green Standard Army encountered obstacles, requested deferred cuts. For Guangdong's Green Standard Army, the two brigades at Sanjiang and Yazhou, the Danzhou Camp, and the governor-general's central battalion were all exempted from cuts. The remainder was reduced by four-tenths, leaving over five hundred officers. Vacancies at frontier vital points and concurrently defending camps were to be cut slowly; all others had replacements halted as the force was reorganized into the modern Army. After the Guangxu 29 (1903) cuts, Guangxi's Green Standard Army retained only four or five officers under the governor's and provincial commander's standards and forty or fifty soldiers. The Left River and Right River garrisons each had two officers and twenty soldiers apiece. Such is the general picture of troop reductions through the dynasties.
31
綠營積重，沿數百年。 同治中興以後，疆臣列帥，懲前毖後，漸改練勇巡防之制。 光、宣間屢加裁汰。 宣統三年，武昌事起，陸軍部疏言時局艱危，各省綠營、巡防隊一律從緩裁撤。 綠營之制，遂與有清相終始雲。
The Green Standard system had grown ponderous over several centuries. After the Tongzhi restoration, frontier governors and commanders, learning from past failures, gradually shifted to the drilled brave corps and patrol defense system. During the Guangxu and Xuantong reigns, repeated rounds of cuts and eliminations were applied. In Xuantong 3 (1911), when the Wuchang uprising broke out, the Ministry of the Army memorialized that the times were perilous and directed that the Green Standard Army and patrol defense corps of all provinces uniformly defer abolition. Thus the Green Standard system endured from the founding to the fall of the Qing dynasty.
32
直隸總督統轄督標四營，節制一提督、七總兵，兼轄保定城守，熱河喀喇沁，吉林、奉天捕盜，永定河、運河等營。
The Zhili governor-general had direct command of four battalions under the governor-general's standard, exercised operational control over one provincial commander and seven regional commanders, and also held jurisdiction over the Baoding city garrison, Rehe Kharchin, Jilin and Fengtian anti-bandit camps, and the Yongding River, Grand Canal, and other camps.
33
直隸古北口提督統轄提標四營，節制七鎮，兼轄河屯一協、三屯等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營，密雲城守營，順義營，承德府河屯協左營、右營，唐三營，三屯營，喜峰路，燕河路，建昌路，八溝營，建昌營，赤峰營，朝陽營，昌平營，居庸路，鞏華營，懷柔路，湯泉營，古北口。
The Zhili Gubeikou provincial commander had direct command of four battalions under the provincial commander's standard, exercised operational control over seven garrisons, and also held jurisdiction over the Hetun brigade, Santun, and other camps. These included the center, left, right, and front battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the Miyun city garrison camp; the Shunyi camp; the left and right battalions of the Chengde Prefecture Hetun brigade; Tang's three camps; the Santun camp; Xifeng, Yanhe, and Jianchang Routes; the Bagou, Jianchang, Chifeng, Chaoyang, and Changping camps; Juyong Route; the Gonghua camp; Huairou Route; the Tangquan camp; and Gubeikou.
34
馬蘭鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄遵化等營。 鎮標左營、右營，遵化營，薊州營，曹家路，牆子路，黃花山，餘丁營。
The Malan Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over Zunhua and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Zunhua and Jizhou camps; Caojia and Qiangzi Routes; Huanghuashan; and the Yuding camp.
35
泰寧鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄紫荊關等營。 鎮標左營、右營，水東★營，紫荊關，白石口營，廣昌營，插箭嶺，礬山營，易州營，房山營，淶水營，馬水口，沿河口。
The Taining Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over Zijing Pass and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Shuidong ★ camp; Zijing Pass; the Baishikou, Guangchang, and Fanshan camps; Chajianling; the Yizhou, Fangshan, and Laishui camps; Mashuikou; and Yanhekou.
36
宣化鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄獨石口、多倫諾爾二協，蔚州等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，獨石口協左營、右營，鎮安營，龍門所營，雲州堡，馬雲堡，鎮寧堡，松樹堡，滴水堡，赤城堡，君子堡，靖安堡，多倫諾爾協中營、左營、右營，蔚州營，東城營，宣化城守營，懷來營，懷來城守營，岔道營，龍門路營，懷安營，左衛營，柴溝營，西陽河堡營，張家口營，萬全營，膳房堡營，新河口堡營，洗馬林堡營。
The Xuanhua Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Dushikou and Duolun'or brigades and Wuzhou and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Dushikou brigade; the Zhen'an, Longmensuo, and Wuzhou camps; the Dongcheng camp; the Xuanhua city garrison camp; the Huailai and Huailai city garrison camps; the Chadao and Longmen Route camps; the Huai'an, Zuowei, and Chaigou camps; the Xiyanghe Fort, Zhangjiakou, and Wanquan camps; and the Shanfang Fort, Xinhekou Fort, and Ximalin Fort camps, along with Yunzhou, Mayun, Zhenning, Songshu, Dishui, Chicheng, Junzi, and Jing'an Forts and the center, left, and right battalions of the Duolun'or brigade.
37
天津鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄河間、大沽二協，務關等營。 鎮標左營、右營，四黨口營，河間協左營、右營，鄭家口營，景州營，大沽協前左及中左、後左、前右、中右、後右六營，葛沽營，祁口營，務關營，霸州營，武清營，靜海營，舊州營，天津城守營。
The Tianjin Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Hejian and Dagu brigades and Wuguan and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Sidangkou camp; the left and right battalions of the Hejian brigade; the Zhengjiakou and Jingzhou camps; the six battalions of the Dagu brigade—front left, center left, rear left, front right, center right, and rear right; the Ge'gu, Qikou, Wuguan, Bazhou, Wuqing, Jinghai, and Jiuzhou camps; and the Tianjin city garrison camp.
38
正定鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄固關等營。 鎮標左營、右營，固關營，龍泉關營，倒馬關營，忠順關營，龍固城守營。
The Zhending Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over Guguan and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Guguan, Longquan Pass, Daoma Pass, and Zhongshun Pass camps; and the Longgu city garrison camp.
39
大名鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄開州協、大名城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，開州協，杜勝營，東明營，長垣營，大名城守營，廣平營，順德營，磁州營。
The Daming Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Kaizhou brigade, the Daming city garrison, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Kaizhou brigade; the Dusheng, Dongming, Changyuan, and Daming city garrison camps; and the Guangping, Shunde, and Cizhou camps.
40
通永鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄通州、山永二協，北塘等四營。 鎮標左營、右營，通州協左營、右營，張家灣營，采育營，三河營，山永協左營、右營，山海路營，石門路營，蒲河營，樂亭營，北塘營，豐順營，玉田營，寶坻營。
The Tongyong Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Tongzhou and Shanyong brigades and four camps including Beitang. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Tongzhou and Shanyong brigades; the Zhangjiawan, Caiyu, Sanhe, Shanhai Route, Shimen Route, Puhe, Leting, Beitang, Fengshun, Yutian, and Baodi camps.
41
山東巡撫兼提督，駐濟南府，節制三鎮，統轄撫標二營，兼轄登榮水師一協。
The Shandong governor, who also held the title of provincial commander, was stationed at Jinan Prefecture. He exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over one Deng-Rong naval forces brigade.
42
撫標左營、右營，登榮水師練軍營。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard and the Deng-Rong naval forces drilled troops camp.
43
兗州鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄沂州一協、泰安等六營。 鎮標左營、右營，沂州協，泰安營，台庄營，濟南城守營，武定營，安東營，沙溝營。
The Yanzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yizhou brigade and six camps including Tai'an. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Yizhou brigade; and the Tai'an, Taizhuang, Jinan city garrison, Wuding, Andong, and Shagou camps.
44
登州鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄文登等七營。 鎮標左營、右營，文登營，膠州協，萊州營，即墨營，青州營，寧福營，壽樂營。
The Dengzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over seven camps including Wendeng. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Wendeng, Laizhou, Jimo, Qingzhou, Ningfu, and Shoule camps; and the Jiaozhou brigade.
45
曹州鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄臨清協、德州等營。 鎮標中營、右營，臨清協，德州營，東昌營，單縣營，壽張營，濮州營，高唐營，梁山營，鉅野營，桃源營。
The Caozhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Linqing brigade, Dezhou, and other camps. These included the center and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Linqing brigade; and the Dezhou, Dongchang, Shan County, Shouzhang, Puzhou, Gaotang, Liangshan, Juye, and Taoyuan camps.
46
河東河道總督統轄河標三營，兼轄濟寧城守及運河、懷河、豫河等營。
The East-of-the-Canal Canal governor-general had direct command of three battalions under the canal commander's standard and also held jurisdiction over the Jining city garrison and the Grand Canal, Huai River, and Yu River camps.
47
河標中營、左營、右營，濟寧城守營，運河營，懷河營黃河北岸祥河、下北河、黃沁河、陽封，豫河營上南河、中河、下南河。
These included the center, left, and right battalions under the canal commander's standard; the Jining city garrison camp; the Grand Canal camp; the Huai River camp, covering the north bank of the Yellow River at Xianghe, Xiabeihe, Huangqinhe, and Yangfeng; and the Yu River camp, covering the Upper South River, Middle River, and Lower South River sections.
48
山西巡撫兼提督，節制二鎮，統轄撫標二營，兼轄精兵兩哨、口外七廳捕盜營。
The Shanxi governor, who also held the title of provincial commander, exercised operational control over two garrisons, had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over two elite troop pickets and seven anti-bandit camps of the seven banners beyond the passes.
49
撫標左營、右營，精兵兩哨，歸化廳標，薩拉齊廳標，豐鎮廳標，寧遠廳標，和林格爾廳標，托克托城廳標，清水河廳標。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard; two elite troop pickets; and the banner standards of Guisui, Salaqi, Fengzhen, Ningyuan, Horinger, Tuoketuo City, and Qingshuihe Sub-prefectures.
50
太原鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄蒲州、潞安二協，太原等營。 鎮標左營、右營，蒲州協，運城營，吉州營，潞安協，澤州營，東陽營，粟城營，太原營，平陽營，隰州營，汾州營，平垣營，盂壽營，東灘營，平定營。
The Taiyuan Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Puzhou and Lu'an brigades and Taiyuan and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Puzhou and Lu'an brigades; and the Yuncheng, Jizhou, Zezhou, Dongyang, Licheng, Taiyuan, Pingyang, Xizhou, Fenzhou, Pingyuan, Mengshou, Dongtan, and Pingding camps.
51
大同鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營、殺虎口一協、新平路等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，殺虎協左營、右營，寧武營，偏關營，鎮西城，河保營，保德營，水泉營，平魯營，靖遠營，歸化城，新平路，天城營，陽和營，渾源營，得勝路，豐川營，助馬路，懷仁城，北樓營，東路，忻州營，靈丘路，山陰路。
The Datong Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard, the Shahu Pass brigade, and the Xinping Route and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Shahu brigade; the Ningwu, Pianguan, Hebao, Baode, Shuiquan, Pinglu, Jingyuan, Tiancheng, Yanghe, Hunyuan, Fengchuan, Beilou, and Xinzhou camps; Zhenxi Fort; Guihuacheng; the Xinping Route; Desheng Route; Zhuma Route; Huairen Fort; the East Route; and the Lingqiu and Shanyin Routes.
52
河南巡撫兼提督，節制三鎮，統轄撫標二營，兼轄開封營。
The Henan governor, who also held the title of provincial commander, exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Kaifeng camp.
53
撫標左營、右營，開封城守營。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard and the Kaifeng city garrison camp.
54
河北鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄河南城守等營。 鎮標左營、右營，河南城守營左營、右營，衛輝營，彰德營，陝州營，內黃營，嵩陽營，王祿店營，滑縣營。
The Hebei Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Henan city garrison and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Henan city garrison camp; and the Weihui, Zhangde, Shanzhou, Neihuang, Songyang, Wangludian, and Hua County camps.
55
南陽鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄荊子關、信陽二協，汝寧等營。 鎮標左營、右營，荊子關協，盧氏營，信陽協左營、右營，汝寧營，鄧新營，襄城城守營，新野營，光州營，固始縣營。
The Nanyang Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Jingzi Pass and Xinyang brigades and Runing and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Jingzi Pass brigade; the Lushi camp; the left and right battalions of the Xinyang brigade; and the Runing, Dengxin, Xiangcheng city garrison, Xinye, Guangzhou, and Gushi County camps.
56
歸德鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄永城等營。 鎮標左營、右營，永城營，考城營，陳州營。
The Guide Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over Yongcheng and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Yongcheng, Kaocheng, and Chenzhou camps.
57
兩江總督統轄督標二營，節制三巡撫、一提督、九總兵，兼轄江寧城守一協、揚州、鹽捕二營。
The Two Jiangs governor-general had direct command of two battalions under the governor-general's standard, exercised operational control over three governors, one provincial commander, and nine regional commanders, and also held jurisdiction over the Jiangning city garrison brigade and the Yangzhou and salt-smuggling suppression camps.
58
督標中營、左營，江寧城守協左、右兩營，奇兵營，青山營，浦口營，溧陽營，瓜州營，揚州營，鹽捕營。
These included the center and left battalions under the governor-general's standard; the left and right battalions of the Jiangning city garrison brigade; and the special forces, Qingshan, Pukou, Liyang, Guazhou, Yangzhou, and salt-smuggling suppression camps.
59
漕運總督統轄各衛所外，復統轄旗、綠、漕標三營，兼轄淮安城守等營。
Besides commanding all guard posts and battalions, the grain-transport governor-general also had direct command of three battalions under the Banner, Green Standard, and grain-transport standards and held jurisdiction over the Huai'an city garrison and other camps.
60
漕標中營、左營、右營，淮安城守營，海州營，鹽城水師營，東海水師營。
These included the center, left, and right battalions under the grain-transport standard; the Huai'an city garrison camp; the Haizhou camp; and the Yancheng and Donghai naval forces camps.
61
江蘇巡撫節制三鎮，統轄撫標二營，兼轄蘇州城守營。
The Jiangsu governor exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Suzhou city garrison camp.
62
撫標左營、右營，蘇州城守營。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard and the Suzhou city garrison camp.
63
江南水陸提督節制五鎮，統轄提標五營，兼轄太湖、松北二協，松江城守等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，太湖協左營、右營，松北協，松江城守營，金山營，柘林營，青村營，平望營，江陰營，靖江營，孟河營，常州營，鎮江營，松南水師營，南匯水師營。
The Jiangnan land-and-naval provincial commander exercised operational control over five garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Taihu and Songbei brigades and the Songjiang city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Taihu brigade; the Songbei brigade; the Songjiang city garrison camp; and the Jinshan, Zhelin, Qingcun, Pingwang, Jiangyin, Jingjiang, Menghe, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Songnan naval forces, and Nanhui naval forces camps.
64
狼山鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄通州等營。 鎮標中營、右營，通州水師營，掘港水師營，泰州營，泰興營，三江水師營。
The Langshan Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over Tongzhou and other camps. These included the center and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Tongzhou, Juegang, and Sanjiang naval forces camps; and the Taizhou and Taixing camps.
65
蘇松鎮水師總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄海門一協。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，海門協。
The Suzhou-Songjiang Garrison naval forces regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Haimen brigade. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Haimen brigade.
66
徐州鎮總兵統轄鎮標中營，兼轄徐州城守等營。 鎮標中營，徐州城守營，蕭營，宿州營。
The Xuzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of the center battalion under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Xuzhou city garrison and other camps. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard and the Xuzhou city garrison, Xiao, and Suzhou camps.
67
淮揚鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄清江城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，清江城守營，宿遷營，廟灣水師營，佃湖營，洪湖水師營，葦盪左營，葦盪右營。
The Huai-Yang Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Qingjiang city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Qingjiang city garrison, Suqian, Miaowan naval forces, Dianhu, and Honghu naval forces camps; and the left and right Weidang camps.
68
福山鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，吳淞、川沙二營。 鎮標左營、右營，吳淞水師營，川沙水師營。
The Fushan Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and the Wusong and Chuansha camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Wusong and Chuansha naval forces camps.
69
安徽巡撫兼提督，節制二鎮，統轄撫標二營，兼轄安慶一協，游兵、潛山二營。
The Anhui governor, who also held the title of provincial commander, exercised operational control over two garrisons, had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Anqing brigade and the mobile troops and Qianshan camps.
70
撫標左營、右營，安慶協左營、右營，游兵營，潛山營。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard; the left and right battalions of the Anqing brigade; and the mobile troops and Qianshan camps.
71
壽春鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄六安等營。 鎮標中營、右營，六安營，潁州營，泗州營，廬州營，亳州營，龍山營。
The Shouchun Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over Lu'an and other camps. These included the center and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Lu'an, Yingzhou, Sizhou, Luzhou, Bozhou, and Longshan camps.
72
皖南鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄徽州等營。 鎮標中營、右營，徽州營，池州營，蕪采營，廣德營。
The Southern Anhui Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over Huizhou and other camps. These included the center and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Huizhou, Chizhou, Wucai, and Guangde camps.
73
江西巡撫兼提督，節制二鎮，統轄撫標二營，兼轄南昌城守一協。
The Jiangxi governor, who also held the title of provincial commander, exercised operational control over two garrisons, had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Nanchang city garrison brigade.
74
撫標左營、右營，南昌城守協。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard and the Nanchang city garrison brigade.
75
九江鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄九江城守等營。 鎮標前營、後營，九江城守營，廣信營，鉛山營，饒州營，浮梁營，建昌營，廣昌營，武寧營，瑞州營，撫州營，銅鼓營，南康營。
The Jiujiang Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Jiujiang city garrison and other camps. These included the front and rear battalions under the garrison standard and the Jiujiang city garrison, Guangxin, Qianshan, Raozhou, Fuliang, Jianchang, Guangchang, Wuning, Ruizhou, Fuzhou, Tonggu, and Nankang camps.
76
南贛鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄袁州一協、贛州城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、後營，袁州協，臨江營，贛州城守營，寧都營，南安營，吉安營，龍泉營，萬安營，永豐營，蓮花營，興國營，文英營，永鎮營，橫岡營，羊角營。
The Southern Gan Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yuanzhou brigade and the Ganzhou city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, and rear battalions under the garrison standard; the Yuanzhou brigade; and the Linjiang, Ganzhou city garrison, Ningdu, Nan'an, Ji'an, Longquan, Wan'an, Yongfeng, Lianhua, Xingguo, Wenying, Yongzhen, Henggang, and Yangjiao camps.
77
長江水師提督節制四鎮，統轄提標五營，兼受兩江總督、湖廣總督節制。 提標中營，金陵營，裕溪營，大通營，蕪湖營。
The Yangtze River naval forces provincial commander exercised operational control over four garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and was also subject to the operational control of the Two Jiangs and Huguang governors-general. These included the center battalion under the provincial commander's standard and the Jinling, Yuxi, Datong, and Wuhu camps.
78
長江水師岳州鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營。 鎮標中營，荊州營，沅江營，陸溪營。
The Yangtze River naval forces Yuezhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard and the Jingzhou, Yuanjiang, and Luxi camps.
79
長江水師漢陽鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營。 鎮標中營，田鎮營，蘄州營，巴河營。
The Yangtze River naval forces Hanyang Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard and the Tianzhen, Qizhou, and Bahe camps.
80
長江水師湖口鎮總兵統轄鎮標五營。 鎮標中營，安慶營，吳城營，饒州營，華陽營。
The Yangtze River naval forces Hukou Garrison regional commander had direct command of five battalions under the garrison standard. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard and the Anqing, Wucheng, Raozhou, and Huayang camps.
81
長江水師瓜洲鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營。 鎮標中營，江陰營，三江營，孟河營。
The Yangtze River naval forces Guazhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard and the Jiangyin, Sanjiang, and Menghe camps.
82
閩浙總督節制二巡撫、三提督、十二鎮，統轄督標三營，兼轄撫標二營、南台水師營。
The Fujian-Zhejiang governor-general exercised operational control over two governors, three provincial commanders, and twelve garrisons, had direct command of three battalions under the governor-general's standard, and also held jurisdiction over two battalions under the governor's standard and the Nantai naval forces camp.
83
督標三營。 中營、左營、右營，撫標左營、右營，南台水師營。
These were three battalions under the governor-general's standard. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the governor-general's standard; the left and right battalions under the governor's standard; and the Nantai naval forces camp.
84
福州將軍除統轄八旗駐防官兵外，兼轄福州城守營，節制福寧鎮標、福州城守及同安等營。
Besides commanding the Eight Banner garrison officers and troops, the Fuzhou General also held jurisdiction over the Fuzhou city garrison camp and exercised operational control over the Funing garrison standard, the Fuzhou city garrison, and Tong'an and other camps.
85
福建陸路提督節制四鎮，統轄提標五營，兼轄福州城守、興化城守二協、泉州城守等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，福州城守協左營、右營，興化城守協左營、右營，泉州城守營，長福營。
The Fujian land forces provincial commander exercised operational control over four garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Fuzhou city garrison, the two Xinghua city garrison brigades, the Quanzhou city garrison, and other camps. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Fuzhou and Xinghua city garrison brigades; the Quanzhou city garrison camp; and the Changfu camp.
86
福寧鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，其左營系水師提督節制，兼轄海壇、閩安二協，烽火門四營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，海壇協左營、右營，閩安水師協左、右兩營，烽火門水師營，桐山營，連江營，羅源營。
The Funing Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard; its left battalion was under the operational control of the naval forces provincial commander, and he also held jurisdiction over the Haitan and Min'an brigades and four Fenghuomen camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Haitan brigade; the left and right battalions of the Min'an naval forces brigade; the Fenghuomen naval forces camp; and the Tongshan, Lianjiang, and Luoyuan camps.
87
汀州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄邵武城守營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，邵武城守營左營、右營。
The Tingzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Shaowu city garrison camp. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard and the left and right battalions of the Shaowu city garrison camp.
88
建寧鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄延平城守協、楓嶺營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，延平城守協左營、右營，楓嶺營。
The Jianning Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yanping city garrison brigade and the Fengling camp. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Yanping city garrison brigade; and the Fengling camp.
89
漳州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄順昌協、同安等營。 鎮標中營，順昌協，同安營，詔安營，平和營，雲霄營，龍岩營，漳州城守營。
The Zhangzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Shunchang brigade, Tong'an, and other camps. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard; the Shunchang brigade; and the Tong'an, Zhao'an, Pinghe, Yunxiao, Longyan, and Zhangzhou city garrison camps.
90
福建水師提督節制三鎮，及福寧鎮左營、廣東南澳鎮左營，統轄提標五營，兼轄金門協，銅山、湄州等營。 鎮標中營，左、右、前、後四營，金門協，銅山水師營，湄州水師營。
The Fujian naval forces provincial commander exercised operational control over three garrisons, as well as the left battalion of the Funing Garrison and the left battalion of the Guangdong Nan'ao Garrison, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Kinmen brigade and the Tongshan, Meizhou, and other camps. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard; the left, right, front, and rear battalions; the Kinmen brigade; and the Tongshan and Meizhou naval forces camps.
91
閩粵南澳鎮外海水師總兵。 左營。
Fujian-Guangdong Nan'ao Garrison open-sea naval forces regional commander. This was the left battalion.
92
福建台灣巡撫節制二鎮。
The Fujian-Taiwan governor exercised operational control over two garrisons.
93
台灣鎮總兵統轄鎮標中營，兼轄台灣北路、台灣水師二協、台灣城守及台灣南路等營。 鎮標中營，台灣北路協中營、右營，台灣水師協中營、左營、右營，台灣城守營左營、右營，台灣南路營，台灣嘉義營，台灣艋舺水師營，滬尾水師營，噶嗎蘭營，台灣恆春營，台灣道標，台灣南路下淡水營。
The Taiwan Garrison regional commander had direct command of the center battalion under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Taiwan Northern Route and Taiwan naval forces brigades, the Taiwan city garrison, the Taiwan Southern Route, and other camps. These included the center battalion under the garrison standard; the center and right battalions of the Taiwan Northern Route brigade; the center, left, and right battalions of the Taiwan naval forces brigade; the left and right battalions of the Taiwan city garrison camp; the Taiwan Southern Route, Jiayi, Mengjia naval forces, Hobe naval forces, Kamalan, and Hengchun camps; the Taiwan circuit standard; and the Taiwan Southern Route Lower Tamsui camp.
94
澎湖鎮外海水師總兵統轄鎮標二營。 鎮標左營，右營。
The Penghu Garrison open-sea naval forces regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard. These were the left and right battalions under the garrison standard.
95
浙江巡撫統轄撫標二營，兼轄海防營。
The Zhejiang governor had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard and also held jurisdiction over the coastal defense camp.
96
撫標左營、右營。 巡鹽營，海防營。
These were the left and right battalions under the governor's standard. These included the salt patrol camp and the coastal defense camp.
97
浙江水陸提督節制五鎮，統轄提標五營，兼轄杭州等協、太湖等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，杭州城守協，錢塘水師營，嘉興協左、右兩營，湖州協左、右兩營，安吉營，紹興協左營、右營，乍浦水師協左營、右營，太湖水師營，寧波城守營，澉浦水師營，海寧水師營。
The Zhejiang land and naval forces provincial commander exercised operational control over five garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Hangzhou and other brigades and the Taihu and other camps. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the Hangzhou city garrison brigade; the Qiantang naval forces camp; the left and right battalions of the Jiaxing and Huzhou brigades; the Anji camp; the left and right battalions of the Shaoxing and Zhapu naval forces brigades; the Taihu naval forces camp; and the Ningbo city garrison, Ganpu naval forces, and Haining naval forces camps.
98
定海鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄象山協，鎮海、定海城守營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，象山協左營、右營，石浦水師營，鎮海水師營，定海城守營。
The Dinghai Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Xiangshan brigade and the Zhenhai and Dinghai city garrison camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Xiangshan brigade; the Shipu and Zhenhai naval forces camps; and the Dinghai city garrison camp.
99
海門鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄台州協、海門城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，台州協中營、左營、右營，海門城守水師營，寧海營，太平營。
The Haimen Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Taizhou brigade, the Haimen city garrison, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the center, left, and right battalions of the Taizhou brigade; the Haimen city garrison naval forces camp; and the Ninghai and Taiping camps.
100
溫州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄樂清、瑞安、平陽三協，玉環、溫州城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，樂清協，大荊營，磐石營，瑞安協左營、右營，平陽協左營、右營，玉環營左營、右營，溫州城守營。
The Wenzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yueqing, Ruian, and Pingyang brigades and the Yuhuan, Wenzhou city garrison, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Yueqing brigade; the Dajing and Panshi camps; the left and right battalions of the Ruian and Pingyang brigades; the left and right battalions of the Yuhuan camp; and the Wenzhou city garrison camp.
101
處州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄金華協、麗水營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，金華協左營、右營，麗水營。
The Chuzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Jinhua brigade and the Lishui camp. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Jinhua brigade; and the Lishui camp.
102
衢州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄嚴州協，楓嶺、衢州城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營。 嚴州協左、右兩營，楓嶺營，衢州城守營。
The Quzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yanzhou brigade and the Fengling, Quzhou city garrison, and other camps. These were the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard. These also included the left and right battalions of the Yanzhou brigade, the Fengling camp, and the Quzhou city garrison camp.
103
湖廣總督節制二巡撫、二提督、五鎮，統轄督標三營。
The Huguang governor-general exercised operational control over two governors, two provincial commanders, and five garrisons and had direct command of three battalions under the governor-general's standard.
104
督標中營、左營、右營。
These were the center, left, and right battalions under the governor-general's standard.
105
湖北巡撫統轄撫標二營。
The Hubei governor had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard.
106
撫標左營、右營。
These were the left and right battalions under the governor's standard.
107
湖北提督節制二鎮，統轄提標五營，兼轄黃州、漢陽二協，荊州城守等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，黃州協，蘄州營，漢陽協，荊州城守營，武昌城守營，德安營，興國營，均光營，襄陽城守營，荊門營，安陸營。
The Hubei provincial commander exercised operational control over two garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Huangzhou and Hanyang brigades and the Jingzhou city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the Huangzhou and Hanyang brigades; the Qizhou, Jingzhou city garrison, Wuchang city garrison, De'an, Xingguo, Jinguang, Xiangyang city garrison, Jingmen, and Anlu camps.
108
鄖陽鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄竹山協、鄖陽城守營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營、前營，竹山協，鄖陽城守營。
The Yunyang Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Zhushan brigade and the Yunyang city garrison camp. These included the center, left, right, and front battalions under the garrison standard; the Zhushan brigade; and the Yunyang city garrison camp.
109
宜昌鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄施南協、遠安等營。 鎮標中營、左營、前營、後營，施南協左營、右營，遠安營，衛昌營，宜都營，荊州堤防營。
The Yichang Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Shinan brigade, Yuan'an, and other camps. These included the center, left, front, and rear battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Shinan brigade; and the Yuan'an, Weichang, Yidu, and Jingzhou dike defense camps.
110
湖南巡撫節制三鎮，統轄撫標二營，兼轄鳳凰等屯軍營。
The Hunan governor exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Fenghuang and other garrison settlement camps.
111
撫標左營、右營，鳳凰廳屯，永綏廳屯，乾州廳屯，古丈坪廳屯，保靖廳屯。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard and the garrison settlements at Fenghuang, Yongshun, Qianzhou, Guzhangping, and Baojing prefectures.
112
湖南提督節制三鎮，統轄提標五營，兼轄長沙等協、澧州等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，長沙協左營、右營，乾州協左營、右營，鎮溪營，河溪營，永順協，常德協，龍陽城守營，澧州營，岳州營，九溪營，永定營，辰州城守營，古丈坪營。
The Hunan provincial commander exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Changsha and other brigades and the Lizhou and other camps. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Changsha and Qianzhou brigades; the Zhenxi, Hexi, Yongshun, Changde, Longyang city garrison, Lizhou, Yuezhou, Jiuxi, Yongding, Chenzhou city garrison, and Guzhangping camps.
113
鎮筸鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄沅州、靖州二協，綏寧、長安等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營、前營，沅州協，晃州營，靖州協，綏寧營，長安營。
The Zhengan Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yuanzhou and Jingzhou brigades and the Suining, Chang'an, and other camps. These included the center, left, right, and front battalions under the garrison standard; the Yuanzhou and Jingzhou brigades; and the Huangzhou, Suining, and Chang'an camps.
114
永州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄寶慶、衡州二協，臨武等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，寶慶協，衡州協，臨武營，宜章營，桂陽營，武岡營，嶺東營。
The Yongzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Baoqing and Hengzhou brigades and the Linwu and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Baoqing and Hengzhou brigades; and the Linwu, Yizhang, Guiyang, Wugang, and Lingdong camps.
115
綏靖鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄永綏協、保靖營。 鎮標左營、右營，永綏協中營、左營，芭茅坪營，保靖營左營、右營。
The Suijing Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yongshun brigade and the Baojing camp. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the center and left battalions of the Yongshun brigade; the Bamaping camp; and the left and right battalions of the Baojing camp.
116
陝甘總督節制二巡撫、三提督、十一鎮，統轄督標五營。
The Shaanxi-Gansu governor-general exercised operational control over two governors, three provincial commanders, and eleven garrisons and had direct command of five battalions under the governor-general's standard.
117
督標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營。
These were the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the governor-general's standard.
118
陝西巡撫統轄撫標三營。
The Shaanxi governor had direct command of three battalions under the governor's standard.
119
撫標中營、左右兩營。
These were the center battalion and the left and right battalions under the governor's standard.
120
陝西固原提督節制四鎮，統轄提標五營，兼轄靖遠等協、靜寧等營。 提標中營、左、右、前、後四營，靖遠協，蘆塘營，鹽茶營，下馬關營，八營，潼關協，金鎖關，三要司，商州協中營、左營、右營，西安城守協左營、右營，盩厔營，靜寧營，馬營監營，安定營，隆德營，西鳳營，邠州營，長武營，慶陽營，涇州營，紅德城守營，固原城守營，硝河城汛，平涼城守營，秦州營，利橋營，宜君營，化平營。
The Shaanxi Guyuan provincial commander exercised operational control over four garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Jingyuan and other brigades and the Jingning and other camps. These included the center battalion and the left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the Jingyuan and Tongguan brigades; the left and right battalions of the Shangzhou and Xi'an city garrison brigades; and the Lutang, Yancha, Xiamaguan, Baying, Jinsuoguan, Sanyaosi, Zhouzhi, Jingning, Mayingjian, Anding, Longde, Xifeng, Binzhou, Changwu, Qingyang, Jingzhou, Hongde city garrison, Guyuan city garrison, Xiaohe city garrison post, Pingliang city garrison, Qinzhou, Liqiao, Yijun, and Huaping camps.
121
延綏鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄定邊協、神木等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，定邊協，靖邊營，鎮靖營，安邊營，神木營，黃甫營，麻池潢營，高家營，鎮羌營，波羅營，綏德城守營，延安營，鄜州營，延綏城守營。
The Yansui Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Dingbian brigade, Shenmu, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Dingbian brigade; and the Jingbian, Zhenjing, Anbian, Shenmu, Huangfu, Machihuang, Gaojia, Zhenqiang, Boluo, Suide city garrison, Yan'an, Fuzhou, and Yansui city garrison camps.
122
陝安鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄鎮安城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，鎮安城守營，磚坪營，興安城守營，鎮坪營，孝義城守營，紫陽營，白河營，洵陽營。
The Shaan'an Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Zhen'an city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Zhen'an, Xing'an, Xiaoyi city garrison, Zhuanping, Zhenping, Ziyang, Baihe, and Xunyang camps.
123
河州鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄洮岷協、循化等營。 鎮標左營、右營，洮岷協，階州營，文縣營，西固營，岷州營，舊洮營，循化營，保安營，起台營，蘭州城守營，鞏昌營，臨洮營，河州城守營。
The Hezhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Taomin brigade, Xunhua, and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Taomin brigade; and the Jiezhou, Wenxian, Xigu, Minzhou, Jiutao, Xunhua, Bao'an, Qitai, Lanzhou city garrison, Gongchang, Lintao, and Hezhou city garrison camps.
124
漢中鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄寧陝等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，寧陝營，陽平關營，寧羌營，略陽營，留壩營，定遠營，西鄉營，華陽營，東江口營，漢中城守營，漢鳳營，鐵爐川營，佛坪營。
The Hanzhong Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Ningshan and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Ningshan, Yangpingguan, Ningqiang, Lueyang, Liuba, Dingyuan, Xixiang, Huayang, Dongjiangkou, Hanzhong city garrison, Hanfeng, Tieluchuan, and Foping camps.
125
甘肅提督統轄提標五營，兼轄永固城守協，節制西寧等四鎮。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，永固城守協，甘州城守營，梨園營，洪水營，南古城營，山丹營，硤口營，大馬營，察漢俄博營。
The Gansu provincial commander had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, also held jurisdiction over the Yonggu city garrison brigade, and exercised operational control over the Xining and other garrisons. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the Yonggu city garrison brigade; and the Ganzhou city garrison, Liyuan, Hongshui, Nangucheng, Shandan, Xiaokou, Dama, and Chahanebo camps.
126
西寧鎮總兵統轄鎮標五營，兼轄鎮海協、西寧城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，鎮海協，哈拉庫圖爾營，西寧城守營，巴燕戎格營，巴暖三川營，貴德營，南川營，大通營，永安營，白塔營，碾伯營，威遠營。
The Xining Garrison regional commander had direct command of five battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Zhenhai brigade, the Xining city garrison, and other camps. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the garrison standard; the Zhenhai brigade; and the Halakutuer, Xining city garrison, Bayanrongge, Banuansanchuan, Guide, Nanchuan, Datong, Yong'an, Baita, Nianbo, and Weiyuan camps.
127
寧夏鎮總兵統轄鎮標五營，兼轄中衛協、花馬池等營。 鎮標左營、右營、前營、後營兼管城守營、城守營，中衛協，石空寺堡，古水井堡，花馬池營，安定堡，靈武營，靈州營，同心營，平羅營，洪廣營，玉泉營，廣武營，興武營，橫城營。
The Ningxia Garrison regional commander had direct command of five battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Zhongwei brigade, Huamachi, and other camps. These included the left, right, front, and rear battalions under the garrison standard, which also jointly administered the city garrison camps; the Zhongwei brigade; the Shikongsi and Gushuijing forts; and the Huamachi, Anding, Lingwu, Lingzhou, Tongxin, Pingluo, Hongguang, Yuquan, Guangwu, Xingwu, and Hengcheng camps.
128
涼州鎮總兵統轄鎮標五營，兼轄永昌、庄浪二協。 鎮標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，西把截堡，永昌協，寧遠營，水泉營，新城營，張義營，鎮番營，安城營，大靖營，土門營，庄浪協，俄博嶺營，松山營，鎮羌營，岔口營，紅城堡，紅水營，三眼井營。
The Liangzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of five battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yongchang and Zhuanglang brigades. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the garrison standard; the Xibajie and Hongcheng forts; the Yongchang and Zhuanglang brigades; and the Ningyuan, Shuiquan, Xincheng, Zhangyi, Zhenfan, Ancheng, Dajing, Tumen, Eboling, Songshan, Zhenqiang, Chakou, Hongshui, and Sanyanjing camps.
129
肅州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄金塔、安西二協，肅州城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，金塔協，鎮彝營，清水營，高台營，撫彝營，紅厓堡，安西協，布隆吉爾營，橋灣營，肅州城守營，嘉峪關營，沙州營，靖逆營，赤金營。
The Suzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Jinta and Anxi brigades and the Suzhou city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the Jinta and Anxi brigades; the Hongya fort; and the Zhenyi, Qingshui, Gaotai, Fuyi, Bulongjier, Qiaowan, Suzhou city garrison, Jiayuguan, Shazhou, Jingni, and Chijin camps.
130
甘肅新疆巡撫節制三鎮，統轄撫標四營、瑪納斯協、濟木薩等營。
The Gansu-Xinjiang governor exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of four battalions under the governor's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Manas brigade, Jimsar, and other camps.
131
撫標中營、左營、右營，城守協中營，喀喇巴爾噶遜營，瑪納斯協，濟木薩營，庫爾喀喇烏蘇營，精河營，吐魯番營。
These included the center, left, and right battalions under the governor's standard; the center battalion of the city garrison brigade; the Karabalgaisen camp; the Manas brigade; and the Jimsar, Kuerkalawusu, Jinghe, and Turpan camps.
132
新疆喀什噶爾提督節制三鎮，統轄提標五營，兼轄回城、莎車二協，英吉沙爾等營。 提標中營、左右兩營、前營、城守營，回城協中營、左右兩旗，莎車協中營、中左右三旗，英吉沙爾營，和闐營，瑪喇巴什營。
The Xinjiang Kashgar provincial commander exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Huicheng and Yarkand brigades and the Yengisar and other camps. These included the center, left, right, and front battalions and the city garrison camp under the provincial commander's standard; the center battalion and left and right banners of the Huicheng brigade; the center battalion and center, left, and right banners of the Yarkand brigade; and the Yengisar, Hotan, and Marabashi camps.
133
新疆阿克蘇鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄烏什協、哈喇沙爾等營。 鎮標中左右三營、城守營，烏什協，哈喇沙爾營、庫車營。
The Xinjiang Aksu Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Ush brigade, Karashahr, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions and the city garrison camp under the garrison standard; the Ush brigade; and the Karashahr and Kuche camps.
134
新疆巴里坤鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄哈密協、古城等營。 鎮標中營、左右兩營、城守營，哈密協，古城營，塔爾納沁營，木壘營。
The Xinjiang Barkol Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Hami brigade, Gucheng, and other camps. These included the center battalion, the left and right battalions, and the city garrison camp under the garrison standard; the Hami brigade; and the Gucheng, Ta'ernaqin, and Mulei camps.
135
伊犁將軍節制一鎮，統轄軍標二營。 軍標中營、左營。
The Ili General exercised operational control over one garrison and had direct command of two battalions under the general's standard. These were the center and left battalions under the general's standard.
136
伊犁鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄塔爾巴哈台協、霍爾果斯等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營、綏定城守營，塔爾巴哈台協，霍爾果斯營，寧遠城營。
The Ili Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Tarbagatai brigade, Khorgos, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions and the Suide city garrison camp under the garrison standard; the Tarbagatai brigade; and the Khorgos and Ningyuancheng camps.
137
四川總督節制一提督、四鎮，統轄督標三營。
The Sichuan governor-general exercised operational control over one provincial commander and four garrisons and had direct command of three battalions under the governor-general's standard.
138
督標中營、左營、右營。
These were the center, left, and right battalions under the governor-general's standard.
139
成都將軍除統轄八旗駐防官兵外，統轄軍標綠營二營，節制建昌、松潘二鎮。 軍標左營、右營。
Besides commanding the Eight Banner garrison officers and troops, the Chengdu General also had direct command of two Green Standard battalions under the general's standard and exercised operational control over the Jianchang and Songpan garrisons. These were the left and right battalions under the general's standard.
140
四川提督節制四鎮，統轄提標三營，兼轄阜和、懋功、馬邊三協，成都城守等營。 提標中營、左營、右營，阜和協左營、右營，黎雅營，泰寧營，懋功協，崇化營，綏靖營，慶寧營，撫邊營，馬邊協左營、右營，存城營，萬全營，平安營，成都城守營、右營，永寧營，瀘州營，敘馬營，建武營，普安營、右營，安阜營，峨邊營、右營，鎮遠營，綿州營。
The Sichuan provincial commander exercised operational control over four garrisons, had direct command of three battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Fuhe, Maogong, and Mabian brigades and the Chengdu city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Fuhe and Mabian brigades; the Maogong brigade; the Liya, Taining, Chonghua, Suijing, Qingning, Fubian, Cuncheng, Wanquan, Ping'an, Chengdu city garrison, Yongning, Luzhou, Xuma, Jianwu, Pu'an, Anfu, Ebian, Zhenyuan, and Mianzhou camps; and the right battalions of the Chengdu city garrison, Pu'an, and Ebian camps.
141
川北鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄綏定等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，綏定營，順慶營，太平營，巴州營，廣元營，潼川營，城口營，通江營。
The Chuanbei Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Suiding and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Suiding, Shunqing, Taiping, Bazhou, Guangyuan, Tongchuan, Chengkou, and Tongjiang camps.
142
重慶鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄夔州、綏寧二協，忠州營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，夔州協左營、右營，巫山營，梁萬營，鹽廠營，綏寧協左營、右營，酉陽營，黔彭營，邑梅營，忠州營。
The Chongqing Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Kuizhou and Suining brigades and the Zhongzhou camp. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Kuizhou and Suining brigades; and the Wushan, Liangwan, Yanchang, Youyang, Qianpeng, Yimei, and Zhongzhou camps.
143
建昌鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄會川等營。 鎮標中營、左營，會川營，永定營，越巂營，寧越營，保安營，靖遠營，瀘寧營，會鹽營，懷遠營，冕山營。
The Jianchang Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Huichuan and other camps. These included the center and left battalions under the garrison standard and the Huichuan, Yongding, Yuexi, Ningyue, Bao'an, Jingyuan, Luning, Huiyan, Huaiyuan, and Mianshan camps.
144
松潘鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄維州協、漳臘等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，維州協左營、右營，茂州營，漳臘營，疊溪營，龍安營，平番營。
The Songpan Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Weizhou brigade, Zhangla, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Weizhou brigade; and the Maozhou, Zhangla, Diexi, Long'an, and Pingfan camps.
145
兩廣總督節制二巡撫、三提督、九鎮，統轄督標五營，兼轄本標水師、綏瑤等營。
The Guangdong-Guangxi governor-general exercised operational control over two governors, three provincial commanders, and nine garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the governor-general's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the naval forces under his own standard, the Suiyao, and other camps.
146
督標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，督標水師營，綏瑤營。
These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the governor-general's standard, the naval battalion under the governor-general's standard, and the Suiyao camp.
147
廣州將軍除統轄八旗駐防官兵外，節制南韶連鎮標、潮州鎮標、高州鎮標、瓊州鎮標、惠州協標、肇慶協標、廣州城守協、三江口協、黃岡協、羅定協、增城各二營，南雄協、欽州各一營，雷州左營、前山、永靖、連陽、惠來、驍平、潮陽、廉州、儋州、萬州、和平、四會、那扶、永安、興寧、平鎮、潮州城守、石城、陽春、三水、徐聞、綏瑤等營。
Besides commanding the Eight Banner garrison officers and troops, the Guangzhou General exercised operational control over the Nanshaolian, Chaozhou, Gaozhou, and Qiongzhou garrison standards; the Huizhou and Zhaoqing brigade standards; the Guangzhou city garrison brigade; the Sanjiangkou, Huanggang, Luoding, and Zengcheng brigades, each with two battalions; the Nanxiong and Qinzhou brigades, each with one battalion; and camps including Leizhou left battalion, Qianshan, Yongjing, Lianyang, Huilai, Xiaoping, Chaoyang, Lianzhou, Danzhou, Wanzhou, Heping, Sihui, Nafu, Yong'an, Xingning, Pingzhen, Chaozhou city garrison, Shicheng, Yangchun, Sanshui, Xuwen, and Suiyao.
148
廣東巡撫統轄撫標二營。
The Guangdong governor had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard.
149
撫標左營、右營。
These were the left and right battalions under the governor's standard.
150
廣東陸路提督節制五鎮，統轄提標五營，廣州城守等協、增城等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，廣州城守協左營、右營，三水營，惠州協左營、右營，和平營，肇慶城守協左營、右營，四會營，那扶營，增城營左營、右營，永靖營，永安營。
The Guangdong land-route provincial commander exercised operational control over five garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and held jurisdiction over the Guangzhou city garrison brigade, Zengcheng, and other camps. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Guangzhou city garrison, Huizhou, Zhaoqing city garrison, and Zengcheng brigades; and the Sanshui, Heping, Sihui, Nafu, Yongjing, and Yong'an camps.
151
南韶連鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄三江口、南雄二協，清遠、佛岡等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，三江口協左營、右營，連陽營，南雄協，清遠營左軍、右軍，佛岡營。
The Nanshaolian Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Sanjiangkou and Nanxiong brigades and the Qingyuan, Fogang, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Sanjiangkou brigade; the Nanxiong brigade; the left and right corps of the Qingyuan camp; and the Lianyang and Fogang camps.
152
潮州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄黃岡協、惠來等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，黃岡協左營、右營，惠來營，饒平營，潮陽營，興寧營，平鎮營，潮州城守營。
The Chaozhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Huanggang brigade, Huilai, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Huanggang brigade; and the Huilai, Raoping, Chaoyang, Xingning, Pingzhen, and Chaozhou city garrison camps.
153
高州鎮水師兼陸路總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄羅定協、陽江等營。 鎮標左營、右營，羅定協左營、右營，陽江營，硇州營，吳川營，電白營，東山營，陽春營。
The Gaozhou Garrison naval and land-route regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Luoding brigade, Yangjiang, and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Luoding brigade; and the Yangjiang, Naozhou, Wuchuan, Dianbai, Dongshan, and Yangchun camps.
154
廣東水師提督節制五鎮，統轄提標五營，香山等四協，新會、前山等營。 提標中營、左營、右營、前營、後營，香山協左營、右營，順德協左營、右營，大鵬協左營、右營，赤溪協左營、右營，新會營左營、右營，前山營。
The Guangdong naval provincial commander exercised operational control over five garrisons, had direct command of five battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and held jurisdiction over four brigades including Xiangshan and camps including Xinhui and Qianshan. These included the center, left, right, front, and rear battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Xiangshan, Shunde, Dapeng, Chixi, and Xinhui brigades; and the Qianshan camp.
155
碣石鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄平海營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，平海營。
The Jieshi Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Pinghai camp. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Pinghai camp.
156
瓊州鎮水師兼陸路總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄崖州協、海口等營。 鎮標左營、右營，崖州協，海口營，萬州營，儋州營，海安營。
The Qiongzhou Garrison naval and land-route regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yazhou brigade, Haikou, and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard, the Yazhou brigade, and the Haikou, Wanzhou, Danzhou, and Hai'an camps.
157
南澳鎮總兵分管閩、粵二省，統轄鎮標二營，兼轄澄海等營。 鎮標左營隸福建水師提督節制，右營，澄海營左營、右營，海門營，達濠營。
The Nan'ao Garrison regional commander had separate jurisdiction over Fujian and Guangdong, had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Chenghai and other camps. These included the right battalion under the garrison standard; the left battalion, subordinate to the Fujian naval provincial commander's operational control; the left and right battalions of the Chenghai camp; and the Haimen and Dahao camps.
158
北海鎮水陸總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄龍門協、雷州等營。 鎮標左營、右營，龍門協左營、右營，雷州營，欽州營，白龍營，徐聞營，石城營，靈山營。
The Beihai Garrison land and naval regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Longmen brigade, Leizhou, and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Longmen brigade; and the Leizhou, Qinzhou, Bailong, Xuwen, Shicheng, and Lingshan camps.
159
廣西巡撫統轄撫標二營。
The Guangxi governor had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard.
160
撫標左營、右營。
These were the left and right battalions under the governor's standard.
161
廣西提督節制三鎮，統轄提標中軍一營，兼轄平樂、新太二協，全州等營。 提標中軍，平樂協左營、右營，富賀營，麥嶺營，新太協，馗纛營，全州營，賓州營，三里營，上思營，東蘭營，桂林城守營，龍州城守營。
The Guangxi provincial commander exercised operational control over three garrisons, had direct command of one battalion of the central corps under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Pingle and Xintai brigades and the Quanzhou and other camps. These included the central corps under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Pingle brigade; the Xintai brigade; and the Fuhe, Mailing, Kuidao, Quanzhou, Binzhou, Sanli, Shangsi, Donglan, Guilin city garrison, and Longzhou city garrison camps.
162
左江鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄梧州、潯州二協，南寧城守等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，梧州協左營、右營，懷集營，潯州協左營、右營，南寧城守營，鬱林營。
The Zuojiang Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Wuzhou and Xunzhou brigades and the Nanning city garrison and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Wuzhou and Xunzhou brigades; and the Huaiji, Nanning city garrison, and Yulin camps.
163
右江鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄鎮安協、思恩等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，鎮安協左營、右營，思恩營，隆林營，上林營，恩隆營。
The Youjiang Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Zhen'an brigade, Si'en, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Zhen'an brigade; and the Si'en, Longlin, Shanglin, and Enlong camps.
164
柳慶鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，慶遠、義寧二協，融懷等營。 鎮標左營、右營，慶遠協左營、右營，義寧協左營、右營，融懷營，永寧營，柳州城守營。
The Liuqing Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and jurisdiction over the Qingyuan and Yining brigades and the Ronghuai and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Qingyuan and Yining brigades; and the Ronghuai, Yongning, and Liuzhou city garrison camps.
165
雲貴總督節制二巡撫、二提督、十鎮，統轄本標三營，兼轄曲尋協、雲南城守、尋霑等營。
The Yunnan-Guizhou governor-general exercised operational control over two governors, two provincial commanders, and ten garrisons, had direct command of three battalions under his own standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Quxun brigade, the Yunnan city garrison, and the Xunzhuan and other camps.
166
督標中營、左營、右營，曲尋協左營、右營，雲南城守營，尋霑營。
These included the center, left, and right battalions under the governor-general's standard; the left and right battalions of the Quxun brigade; and the Yunnan city garrison and Xunzhuan camps.
167
雲南巡撫統轄撫標二營。
The Yunnan governor had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard.
168
撫標左營、右營。
These were the left and right battalions under the governor's standard.
169
雲南提督節制六鎮，統轄提標三營，兼轄楚雄協，武定、大理城守等營。 提標中營、左營、右營，楚雄協，武定營，大理城守營。
The Yunnan provincial commander exercised operational control over six garrisons, had direct command of three battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Chuxiong brigade and the Wuding, Dali city garrison, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the provincial commander's standard, the Chuxiong brigade, and the Wuding and Dali city garrison camps.
170
臨元鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄元新、澂江等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營、前營，元新營，澂江營。
The Linyuan Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yuanxin, Chengjiang, and other camps. These included the center, left, right, and front battalions under the garrison standard and the Yuanxin and Chengjiang camps.
171
開化鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄廣南、廣西等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營、後營，廣南營，廣西營。
The Kaihua Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Guangnan, Guangxi, and other camps. These included the center, left, right, and rear battalions under the garrison standard and the Guangnan and Guangxi camps.
172
騰越鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄永昌等二協、龍陵營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，永昌協左營、右營、順雲協中營、左營、右營，龍陵營。
The Tengyue Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over two brigades including Yongchang and the Longling camp. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Yongchang brigade; the center, left, and right battalions of the Shunyun brigade; and the Longling camp.
173
鶴麗鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄維西協、永北、劍川等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，維西協左營、右營，永北營，劍川營。
The Heli Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Weixi brigade and the Yongbei, Jianchuan, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Weixi brigade; and the Yongbei and Jianchuan camps.
174
昭通鎮總兵統轄鎮標四營，兼轄東川、鎮雄等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，東川營，鎮雄營。
The Zhaotong Garrison regional commander had direct command of four battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Dongchuan, Zhenxiong, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Dongchuan and Zhenxiong camps.
175
普洱鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄威遠、景蒙等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，威遠營，景蒙營。
The Pu'er Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Weiyuan, Jingmeng, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Weiyuan and Jingmeng camps.
176
貴州巡撫統轄撫標二營，兼轄古州等十衛、都江、下江等營。
The Guizhou governor had direct command of two battalions under the governor's standard and also held jurisdiction over ten guard posts including Guzhou and the Dujiang, Xiajiang, and other camps.
177
撫標左營、右營，古州左衛、右衛，八寨衛，台拱衛，黃施衛，丹江衛，凱里衛，清江左衛、右衛，石峴衛，都江廳廳標，下江廳廳標。
These included the left and right battalions under the governor's standard; the left and right Guzhou guards; the Bazhai, Taigong, Huangshi, Danjiang, and Kaili guards; the left and right Qingjiang guards; the Shixian guard; and the department standards of the Dujiang and Xiajiang departments.
178
貴州提督節制四鎮，統轄提標三營，兼轄大定等協、羅斛等營。 提標左營、右營、前營，大定協左營、右營，平遠協左營、右營，遵義協左營、右營，定廣協左營、右營，羅斛營左營，右營，貴陽營，平越營，歸化營，黔西營，安順城守營，仁懷營，新添營。
The Guizhou provincial commander exercised operational control over four garrisons, had direct command of three battalions under the provincial commander's standard, and also held jurisdiction over the Dading brigade and the Luohu and other camps. These included the left, right, and front battalions under the provincial commander's standard; the left and right battalions of the Dading, Pingyuan, Zunyi, and Dingguang brigades; the left and right battalions of the Luohu camp; and the Guiyang, Pingyue, Guihua, Qianxi, Anshun city garrison, Renhuai, and Xintian camps.
179
安義鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄永安協、長壩等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，永安協左營、右營，長壩營，普安營，安南營，冊亨營。
The Anyi Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Yong'an brigade, Changba, and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Yong'an brigade; and the Changba, Pu'an, Annan, and Ceheng camps.
180
古州鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄上江、都勻二協，朗洞等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，上江協左營、右營，都勻協左營、右營，朗洞營左營、右營，黎平營左營、右營，荔波營，下江營。
The Guzhou Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Shangjiang and Duyun brigades and the Langdong and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Shangjiang and Duyun brigades; the left and right battalions of the Langdong and Liping camps; and the Libo and Xiajiang camps.
181
鎮遠鎮總兵統轄鎮標三營，兼轄清江等三協、台拱等營。 鎮標中營、左營、右營，清江協左營、右營，松桃協左營、右營，銅仁協左營、右營，台拱營左營、右營，丹江營左營、右營，思南營，凱里營，黃平營，天柱營，石阡營。
The Zhenyuan Garrison regional commander had direct command of three battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over three brigades including Qingjiang and the Taigong and other camps. These included the center, left, and right battalions under the garrison standard; the left and right battalions of the Qingjiang, Songtao, and Tongren brigades; the left and right battalions of the Taigong and Danjiang camps; and the Sinan, Kaili, Huangping, Tianzhu, and Shiqian camps.
182
威寧鎮總兵統轄鎮標二營，兼轄畢赤、水城等營。 鎮標左營、右營，畢赤營，水城營。
The Weining Garrison regional commander had direct command of two battalions under the garrison standard and also held jurisdiction over the Bichi, Shuicheng, and other camps. These included the left and right battalions under the garrison standard and the Bichi and Shuicheng camps.
183
綠營兵額，清初未定。 考明代京軍二十萬餘，外軍九十九萬餘。 順治間不可考，大約視舊額約裁減十三四。 康熙兵制，京巡捕三營經制馬步兵三千三百，直隸各標兵三萬七百，山西二萬五千，川陝總督，陝、甘兩巡撫及提鎮各標兵八萬五千九百七十八，四川四萬，雲南四萬二千，貴州二萬，廣西二萬，湖廣四萬，廣東七萬三千一百十人，江南總督，總漕，江寧、安徽兩巡撫，京口將軍四萬九千八百五十，浙江四萬三千四百五十，江西萬五千，福建六萬九千七百二十六，山東總河及撫、鎮標兵二萬，河南一萬，都各省經制馬步兵五十九萬四千四百十四。 逮乾隆二十九年，次第增加，各省多者一千至六千餘，惟貴州加至萬八千二百餘，減者江西七百餘，廣東四百餘，浙江二千餘，福建三千餘，都六十三萬七千三百二十三。
Green Standard Army troop quotas were not fixed in the early Qing period. By Ming dynasty figures, the capital army numbered over 200,000 and the provincial armies over 990,000. Figures for the Shunzhi period cannot be verified, but compared with the old quotas, cuts appear to have amounted to roughly thirty or forty percent. Under the Kangxi military system, the capital's three patrol camps fielded 3,300 established cavalry and infantry; Zhili's garrison standards 30,700; Shanxi 25,000; the Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general, the Shaanxi and Gansu governors, and their provincial and garrison commanders' standards 85,978; Sichuan 40,000; Yunnan 42,000; Guizhou 20,000; Guangxi 20,000; Huguang 40,000; Guangdong 73,110; the Jiangnan governor-general, Grand Canal intendant, Jiangning and Anhui governors, and Jingkou General 49,850; Zhejiang 43,450; Jiangxi 15,000; Fujian 69,726; Shandong's Grand Canal intendant and governor and garrison standards 20,000; Henan 10,000; and all provinces together 594,414 established cavalry and infantry. By Qianlong 29 (1764), increases were made in stages: most provinces gained between 1,000 and 6,000-odd men, while Guizhou alone gained over 18,200; Jiangxi lost over 700, Guangdong over 400, Zhejiang over 2,000, and Fujian over 3,000; the empire-wide total reached 637,323.
184
至五十年，各省綠營兵額，京巡捕五營一萬，直隸三萬九千四百二，山東萬七千五百四，山西二萬五千七百五十二，河南萬一千八百七十四，江南四萬八千七百四十七，江西萬三千九百二十九，福建六萬三千一百十九，浙江四萬三十七，湖北萬七千七百九十四，湖南二萬三千六百四，四川三萬千一百十二，陝、甘八萬四千四百九十六，廣東六萬八千九十四，廣西二萬三千五百八十八，雲南四萬千三百五十三，貴州三萬七千七百六十九，都五十九萬九千八百十四，綜計數減於舊者凡四萬餘。 各省減者，自數百至數千不等，惟陝、甘減至萬二千，則以四十六年新增者不在此數，而山東、河南、江南視舊額轉多，蓋河、漕標兵本定分額，此實併入各省中也。
By the fiftieth year, provincial Green Standard quotas stood at: capital patrol five camps, 10,000; Zhili 39,402; Shandong 17,504; Shanxi 25,752; Henan 11,874; Jiangnan 48,747; Jiangxi 13,929; Fujian 63,119; Zhejiang 40,037; Hubei 17,794; Hunan 23,604; Sichuan 31,112; Shaanxi-Gansu 84,496; Guangdong 68,094; Guangxi 23,588; Yunnan 41,353; Guizhou 37,769; totaling 599,814 empire-wide—a net reduction of over 40,000 from the earlier figure. Provincial reductions ranged from several hundred to several thousand men, but Shaanxi-Gansu alone was cut by 12,000—the additions made in the forty-sixth year not being counted here. Shandong, Henan, and Jiangnan, by contrast, exceeded their old quotas, because the river and canal garrison standards had originally been fixed as separate establishments and were in fact merged into the provincial totals.
185
嘉慶十七年，綠營都數為六十六萬千六百七十一，視乾隆中葉增額六萬餘，各省均所有益，惟浙江減額千餘。 其江南總額，此分江寧七千三十九，南河萬五千六百六十六，漕運三千六百八十一，江蘇二萬三千七百四十八，安徽八千七百三十八，總為五萬六千八百七十二，增舊額八千餘。 又舊額但舉山東，此分山東萬五千九百三十三，東河四千二百四十一，增額三千餘，略可考見。 十九年，山西等省共裁兵萬五千四百餘，內改馬戰兵為步守兵共千二百餘。
In Jiaqing 17 (1812), the Green Standard Army totaled 661,671—over 60,000 more than the mid-Qianlong establishment. Every province gained except Zhejiang, which lost over 1,000 men. The Jiangnan total was here broken down as Jiangning 7,039, Southern Canal 15,666, canal transport 3,681, Jiangsu 23,748, and Anhui 8,738, totaling 56,872—over 8,000 above the old quota. Moreover, the old quota cited only Shandong as a whole; here it was divided into Shandong proper at 15,933 and the Eastern Canal at 4,241, an increase of over 3,000 that can be roughly verified. In the nineteenth year, Shanxi and other provinces together cut over 15,400 troops, converting over 1,200 mounted combat soldiers to infantry garrison soldiers in the process.
186
道光初元，諭行裁汰，減額萬餘，復議裁改。 二十九年兵額，直隸四萬千三百三十五，山東二萬五十七，河南萬五千三百八十一，東河併入河南、山東。 山西二萬二千八百五，江蘇三萬八千一百八，安徽九千四百四十二，南河、漕運併入江南。 江西萬二千四百七十二，福建六萬千六百七十五，浙江三萬七千五百六十五，陝西二萬四千七百二十，甘肅六萬八千八百六十二，湖北二萬五百五，湖南二萬七千百十五，四川三萬三千八百十一，廣東六萬八千三百二十二，廣西二萬二千四百七十二，雲南三萬九千七百六十二，貴州三萬六千四百七十七，都五十八萬五千四百十二，京營萬名在外。 減於乾隆舊額且逾萬矣。
At the beginning of the Daoguang reign, an edict ordered troop reductions, cutting over 10,000 from the quotas; further cuts and conversions were then debated. Troop quotas in the twenty-ninth year stood at Zhili 41,335, Shandong 20,057, and Henan 15,381, with the Eastern Canal establishment merged into Henan and Shandong. Shanxi had 22,805; Jiangsu 38,108; Anhui 9,442; and the Southern Canal and canal transport establishments were merged into Jiangnan. Jiangxi had 12,472; Fujian 61,675; Zhejiang 37,565; Shaanxi 24,720; Gansu 68,862; Hubei 20,505; Hunan 27,115; Sichuan 33,811; Guangdong 68,322; Guangxi 22,472; Yunnan 39,762; and Guizhou 36,477, totaling 585,412 empire-wide, not counting the 10,000 in the capital garrison. This was a reduction of more than 10,000 from the Qianlong-era establishment.
187
咸豐軍興以來，綠營議裁。 迄同治、光緒間，兵制一變，直省厲行簡汰，顧不能悉廢，存額尚不為少。 再綜近時綠營兵額，京巡捕營一萬外，十六門門甲三百十，門軍六百四十，凡萬九百五十，直隸四萬二千八百十，山東萬七千八百七十五，山西萬六千四十五，河南萬四百六十八，江蘇二萬五千七百七十，安徽九千三百六十四，江西萬一千七百四十，長江水師萬一千六十四，福建二萬三千六百七十八，台灣八千二百六十八，浙江二萬三千四百九，湖北萬五千三百四十三，湖南三萬零二十四，陝西萬八千六百八十七，甘肅萬二千七百二十五，新疆二萬六千五百十五，四川三萬千二百八十一，廣東四萬六千七百七十四，廣西萬四千一百十五，雲南萬二千五百七十二，貴州四萬二千九百五，都四十六萬二千三百八十二。 取道光末年額較之，減於舊者幾十二萬，但舊額不及長江水師與台灣雲。
Since the outbreak of warfare in the Xianfeng period, cuts to the Green Standard Army have been under discussion. By the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods the military system had changed entirely. The provinces rigorously simplified and cut forces, yet could not abolish them altogether, and the remaining authorized strength was still considerable. A further summary of recent Green Standard quotas shows that, apart from the 10,000 in the capital patrol camps, the Sixteen Gates fielded 310 gate guards and 640 gate soldiers, totaling 10,950; Zhili had 42,810; Shandong 17,875; Shanxi 16,045; Henan 10,468; Jiangsu 25,770; Anhui 9,364; Jiangxi 11,740; Yangtze naval forces 11,064; Fujian 23,678; Taiwan 8,268; Zhejiang 23,409; Hubei 15,343; Hunan 30,024; Shaanxi 18,687; Gansu 12,725; Xinjiang 26,515; Sichuan 31,281; Guangdong 46,774; Guangxi 14,115; Yunnan 12,572; and Guizhou 42,905, totaling 462,382 empire-wide. Compared with the end-of-Daoguang quotas, the reduction came to nearly 120,000 men, though the old quotas had not included the Yangtze naval forces, Taiwan, or Yunnan.
188
督標四營。 左營，右營，前營，後營。 保定城守等營。 新雄營，涿州營，拱極營，良鄉營，中路，東路，南路，西路，北路，張家口，獨石口。 熱河喀喇沁等營。 烏蘭哈達，塔子溝，承德府，平泉州，三座塔，多倫諾爾廳。 吉林捕盜營。 賓州廳，五常廳，敦化縣，雙城廳，伊通州。 奉天捕盜營。 昌圖府，新民廳，海城廳，承德縣，開原縣，鐵嶺，遼陽州，錦縣，寧遠州，義州，廣寧縣，蓋平縣，復州，金州廳，懷德縣，奉化縣，唐平縣，海龍廳，鳳凰廳，安東縣，寬甸縣，懷仁縣，通化縣，興京，岫岩州。 永定河、運河等營。 北運河務關廳，楊村廳，通惠河漕運廳，南運河。
There were four battalions under the governor-general's standard. These were the left, right, front, and rear battalions. These included the Baoding city garrison and other camps. These included the Xinxiong, Zhuozhou, Gongji, and Liangxiang camps; the Central, Eastern, Southern, Western, and Northern routes; and Zhangjiakou and Dushikou. These included the Rehe Kharachin and other camps. These included Ulanhada, Tazigou, Chengde prefecture, Pingzhou prefecture, Sanzuota, and Dolon Nor department. This was the Jilin bandit-suppression camp. These included Binzhou department, Wuchang department, Dunhua county, Shuangcheng department, and Yitong prefecture. This was the Fengtian bandit-suppression camp. These included Changtu prefecture, Xinmin department, Haicheng department, Chengde county, Kaiyuan county, Tieling, Liaoyang prefecture, Jin county, Ningyuan prefecture, Yizhou, Guangning county, Gaiping county, Fuzhou, Jinzhou department, Huaide county, Fenghua county, Tangping county, Hailong department, Fenghuang department, Andong county, Kuandian county, Huairen county, Tonghua county, Xingjing, and Xiuyan prefecture. These included the Yongding River, Grand Canal, and other camps. These included the Northern Grand Canal service customs department, Yangcun department, Tonghui River canal transport department, and Southern Grand Canal.