1
志一百九
Treatise 109
2
兵五
Military 5
3
土兵
Native Troops
4
土兵惟川、甘、湖廣、雲、貴有之，調征西南，常得其用。 康熙間，莽依圖戰馬寶於韶嶺，瑤兵為後援。 傅弘烈平廣西，亦藉土兵義勇之力。 乾隆征廓爾喀，調金川土兵五千，討安南，以土兵隨征。 傅恆征金川，疏言：「奮勇摧敵，固仗八旗。 鄉導必用土兵，小金川土兵尤驍勇善戰。」 岳鍾琪平西藏，咸、同間討黔、蜀髮匪，其明效也。
Native troops were found only in Sichuan, Gansu, Huguang, Yunnan, and Guizhou, and when the court mobilized them for southwestern campaigns they proved consistently effective. In the Kangxi era, Manggitu battled Ma Bao at Shaoling with Yao native soldiers in reserve. Fu Honglie's pacification of Guangxi likewise drew on native troops and local militia. For the Gurkha campaign the Qianlong court called up five thousand Jinchuan native soldiers, and native troops marched with the forces sent against Annam. On the Jinchuan campaign Fu Heng wrote: "Smashing the enemy by sheer valor still rests on the Eight Banners. But guides in the mountains must be native troops, and the soldiers of Lesser Jinchuan are especially fierce and battle-hardened." The same lesson appeared when Yue Zhongqi pacified Tibet and when, in the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years, native troops helped crush the Taiping bands in Guizhou and Sichuan.
5
古西南夷多槃瓠遺種，曰僚、曰伶、曰、曰僮、曰瑤、曰苗。 其後蕃衍，有西番、僰人、擺夷、麼些、佫𬿚、咱哩、裸、俍、瑤等目。 苗蠻種類尤多，如花苗、紅苗、花仡佬、紅仡佬、白裸儸、黑裸儸皆是。 土兵多出其中，故驍強可用。 土兵之制，甘肅、四川、兩廣、湖南、雲、貴或隸土司，或屬土弁，或歸營汛。 甘肅土兵附番部。 四川土兵附屯弁、屯蕃。 湖南土兵附練兵、屯兵。 別有番民七十九族，分隸西寧、西藏。 茲並述於篇。
Ancient southwestern peoples were largely Panhu descendants known as the Liao, Ling, Zhuang, Yao, Miao, and related groups (one ethnonym is absent in the received text). Over time they proliferated into Western Tibetans, Bo, Baiyi, Mosuo, Gelao, Zali, Luo, Liang, Yao, and many other named groups. Miao and related peoples were especially diverse—Flower Miao, Red Miao, Flower and Red Gelao, White and Black Luoluo, and others. Most native troops came from these populations, which is why they were so fierce and dependable in the field. In Gansu, Sichuan, Guangdong and Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, and Guizhou, native troops might answer to tusi chiefs, to native company officers, or to regular garrison commands. In Gansu, native troops were organized through the Fan tribal jurisdictions. In Sichuan they were tied to garrison native officers and settled Fan communities. In Hunan they fell under drill regiments and garrison militia. Seventy-nine additional Fan tribes were divided between the Xining and Tibet administrations. All of these arrangements are set out below.
6
甘肅土兵：
Gansu native troops:
7
狄道州臨洮衛指揮僉事轄十五族。 河州指揮僉事轄四十八戶。 韓家集指揮使轄二族。
The assistant commander at Lintao Guard in Didao Prefecture oversaw fifteen tribes. The Hezhou assistant commander had forty-eight households under him. The commander at Hanjiaji governed two tribes.
8
岷州宕昌城指揮使轄十六族。 攢都溝外委百戶轄四十一庄。 麻霙里外委土官轄二族。 閭井外委百戶轄十一庄。 歸安里副千戶轄土民四十八族，番民四十三族。
The Minzhou commander at Tanchang City ruled sixteen tribes. A sub-official centurion at Zandugou Outer District controlled forty-one villages. A sub-official native officer at Mayingli Outer District governed two tribes. A sub-official centurion at Lüjing Outer District had eleven villages. The deputy chiliarch at Gui'anli oversaw forty-eight native commoner tribes and forty-three Fan tribes.
9
洮州廳卓泥堡指揮使兼護國禪師轄五百二十族，馬兵五百，步兵千五百，土守備一，千總、把總四，外委七。 資卜指揮使轄七十六族，土守備一，千總、把總、外委各二，馬兵五十，步兵百。 著遜百戶轄七族，兵十人。 西寧縣寄彥才溝指揮使轄八族，土千總一，把總二，馬兵五十，步兵百。 陳家台指揮使轄一百十二戶，土千總、把總各一，馬兵五，步兵二十。 乞塔城指揮使轄四十八族，土千總、把總各一，馬步兵各五十。 納家莊指揮僉事轄百二十戶，土千總、把總各一，兵二十五人。 西川海子溝指揮僉事轄番民十八戶，土民三十戶，土千總、把總，兵額同上。 迭溝指揮僉事轄九十戶，土千總、把總，兵額同上。 循化廳土千戶轄西鄉上四工韓姓撒拉。 保安堡土千戶轄東鄉下四工馬姓撒拉。 撒拉不同番回，似羌而奉回教，舊十三工，今隸循化八工，餘隸巴燕戎格。 藏土百戶轄五族。 大通縣大通川土千戶轄五族。
The Taozhou commander at Zhuoni Fort, who also held the title State-Protecting Chan Master, ruled five hundred twenty tribes with five hundred horse, fifteen hundred foot, one native garrison commandant, four chiliarchs and platoon leaders, and seven sub-officials. The Zibu commander governed seventy-six tribes with one native commandant, two chiliarchs, two platoon leaders, two sub-officials, fifty horse, and one hundred foot. The Zhuxun centurion had seven tribes and ten soldiers. The Xining commander at Yancai Gully ruled eight tribes with one native chiliarch, two platoon leaders, fifty horse, and one hundred foot. The Chenjiatai commander had one hundred twelve households, one native chiliarch, one platoon leader, five horse, and twenty foot. The Qitacheng commander governed forty-eight tribes with one native chiliarch, one platoon leader, and fifty horse and fifty foot. The Najiazhuang assistant commander had one hundred twenty households, one native chiliarch, one platoon leader, and twenty-five troops. The Xichuan Haizigou assistant commander had eighteen Fan and thirty native households, with the same native officer and troop quotas as above. The Diegou assistant commander had ninety households with the same native officer and troop quotas. A native chiliarch in Xunhua oversaw the four upper work-units of the western district, Han-clan Salar. The Bao'an Fort native chiliarch governed the four lower eastern work-units of the Ma-clan Salar. The Salar are neither Fan nor ordinary Hui—they resemble the Qiang but practice Islam. Once organized in thirteen work-units, eight now fall under Xunhua and the rest under Bayan Rongge. The Zangtu centurion governed five tribes. The native chiliarch on the Datong River in Datong County had five tribes.
10
碾伯縣勝番溝指揮同知轄七百戶，土千總二，把總四，馬步兵百。 上川口指揮同知轄四千戶，土千戶一，百戶二，土千總四，把總六，馬步兵三百。 趙家灣指揮同知轄百二十戶，土千總、把總各一，馬兵五，步兵二。 白崖子指揮同知轄百五十戶，兵二十五。 美都川指揮僉事轄三百戶，土千總、把總各一，兵二十五。 硃家堡指揮僉事轄六十二戶，兵二十五。 米拉溝指揮僉事轄七十戶，土千總、把總各一，馬步兵二十五。 九家巷百戶轄百餘戶，兵二十五。 王家堡百戶轄百餘戶，兵二十。 喇守庄指揮僉事轄七十二戶。
The Xianbo deputy commander at Shengfan Gully ruled seven hundred households with two native chiliarchs, four platoon leaders, and one hundred troops. The Shangchuankou deputy commander had four thousand households, one native thousand-household officer, two centurions, four native chiliarchs, six platoon leaders, and three hundred troops. The Zhaojiawan deputy commander had one hundred twenty households, one native chiliarch, one platoon leader, five horse, and two foot. The Baiyaizi deputy commander had one hundred fifty households and twenty-five troops. The Meiduchuan assistant commander had three hundred households, one native chiliarch, one platoon leader, and twenty-five troops. The Zhujiabao assistant commander had sixty-two households and twenty-five troops. The Milagou assistant commander had seventy households, one native chiliarch, one platoon leader, and twenty-five troops. The Jiujiaxiang centurion had over one hundred households and twenty-five troops. The Wangjiabao centurion had over one hundred households and twenty troops. The Lashouzhuang assistant commander had seventy-two households.
11
庄浪掌印土司指揮使轄指揮僉事、指揮使、指揮同知、正副千戶各一，百戶二，土民十旗，番民八旗，文職隸甘涼道，武職隸西寧鎮。 紅山堡掌土司印指揮僉事兵五十。 古城及大營灣指揮使、大通峽口指揮同知、古城正千戶、馬軍堡副千戶、西坪正千戶、西六渠百戶均率親丁效力，不轄土民。
The Zhuanglang tusi who held the official seal commanded one assistant commander, one commander, one deputy commander, regular and deputy chiliarchs, two centurions, ten native and eight Fan banners; civil matters came under the Gansu-Liangzhou circuit and troops under the Xining garrison. The Hongshan Fort tusi seal-holder, an assistant commander, had fifty troops. Commanders at Gucheng, Dayingwan, Datong Gorge, Gucheng chiliarch, Majun Fort deputy chiliarch, Xiping, and Xiliuqu all brought their own clansmen and did not administer native commoner populations.
12
永昌縣流水溝寺千戶轄番民五旗。
The Liushuigou temple chiliarch in Yongchang County governed five Fan banners.
13
甘肅番部：
Gansu Fan tribal districts:
14
狄道州三族，河州十八族，皆康熙時舊族，雜處二十四關內。
Didao had three tribes and Hezhou eighteen, all Kangxi-era communities scattered through the twenty-four passes.
15
洮州廳八族，大小九十餘處，亦曰南番。 土司楊積慶屬番民五百二十族。
Taozhou had eight tribes spread across ninety-odd settlements, known as the Southern Fan. Tusi Yang Jiqing ruled five hundred twenty Fan tribes.
16
昝天錫屬番民七十六族。 楊永隆屬番民七族。 著洛寺僧綱楊溯洛旺秀轄番民二十三族。 麻儞寺僧綱馬昂旺丹主轄番民二十一族。 圓成寺僧正侯洛扎旦主轄番民四族。
Zan Tianxi had seventy-six Fan tribes. Yang Yonglong had seven Fan tribes. Zhuluo Temple's monastic superintendent Yang Suoluowangxiu governed twenty-three Fan tribes. Mayi Temple's monastic superintendent Ma Angwangdanzhu had twenty-one Fan tribes. Yuancheng Temple's prelate Houluozhadanzhu governed four Fan tribes.
17
岷州熟番四十三族，舊屬土司，後為歸安里，惟白水江以南、南山內外，皆黑番所在，亦稱若瓦。 南山以東馬土司轄，以西楊土司轄，凡番寺三十五所，轄番民霙古喇哈等二十四族。
Minzhou's forty-three acculturated Fan tribes, once under tusi and later under Gui'anli, contrasted with the Black Fan—also called Ruowa—south of the Baishui River and in the southern mountains. Ma tusi ruled east of the southern mountains and Yang tusi to the west; thirty-five Fan temples oversaw twenty-four tribes including Yinggulaha.
18
文縣番族五百族，番地二十二處。 馬百戶番地二十八處，雍正八年，改番歸流曰新民。
Wen County had five hundred Fan tribes across twenty-two tribal districts. The Ma centurion's twenty-eight Fan districts were placed under direct rule in Yongzheng 8 and renamed New Subjects.
19
西寧縣番民十三族，番寺三十八族。
Xining County had thirteen Fan tribes and thirty-eight temple-affiliated Fan communities.
20
貴德廳熟番舊五十四族，存五族，生番舊十九族，存五族，野番十九族，俱插帳河濱，番寺大者六所。
Guide once had fifty-four acculturated Fan tribes (five left), nineteen raw Fan tribes (five left), and nineteen wild Fan bands along the river, with six major Fan temples.
21
循化廳口內熟番十二族，口外西番四十九寨，口外南番二十一寨。
Inside Xunhua's pass were twelve acculturated Fan tribes; outside were forty-nine Western Tibetan stockades and twenty-one Southern Fan stockades.
22
丹噶爾廳南鄉熟番一族，河南西番八族。
Dan'ge'er had one southern acculturated Fan tribe and eight Western Tibetan tribes south of the Yellow River.
23
武威縣峽溝番民三族，沙溝一族，上下大水寺五族，南山八族。
Wuwei had Fan communities at Xiagou (three tribes), Shagou (one), Upper and Lower Dashui Temple (five), and the southern mountains (eight).
24
鎮番縣八力曼插漢番民一族。
Zhenfan County had one Baliman Chahan Fan tribe.
25
永昌縣番民五族。
Yongchang County had five Fan tribes.
26
古浪縣東山圍場溝番民四族。 黃羊川五族。 柏林溝二族。
Gulang had four Fan tribes at Dongshan Weichanggou. Huangyangchuan had five tribes. Bailin'gou had two tribes.
27
平番縣熟番三十六族，舊十餘萬丁，同治間存千餘人，番寺十四所。 洛洛城十三堡番民八族，二千三百餘丁。
Pingfan's thirty-six acculturated Fan tribes once numbered over one hundred thousand men; by the Tongzhi era barely a thousand remained, with fourteen Fan temples. Luoluocheng's thirteen forts held eight Fan tribes totaling over twenty-three hundred men.
28
張掖縣唐烏忒黑番三族，康熙間給首領劄銜。 撫彝通判轄西喇古兒黃番五族，唐烏忒黑番三族，八族設正副頭目，給守備、千總職銜，番民俱充兵伍。
Zhangye's three Tang'ut Hei Fan tribes received sealed appointments for their chiefs in the Kangxi era. The Fuyi subprefect governed five Xilagu'er Yellow Fan and three Tang'ut Hei Fan tribes; each had regular and deputy headmen with garrison and chiliarch ranks, and all Fan men served as soldiers.
29
高台縣唐烏忒黑番一族，每壯丁一，納馬一匹入營。 西喇古兒黃番二族，隸紅崖營。
Gaotai's one Tang'ut Hei Fan tribe enrolled each able-bodied man by presenting one horse to the garrison. Two Xilagu'er Yellow Fan tribes fell under Hongya Garrison.
30
四川土兵：
Sichuan native troops:
31
松潘廳中營所屬土司七寨，土百戶二，千戶五。 左營所屬土司二寨，土千戶、百戶各一。 右營所屬土司一寨，土百戶一。 漳臘營所屬土司五十二寨，土千戶十四，百戶二十五，土目十三。 平番營所屬土司二寨、一寺，土千戶三。 南坪營所屬土司二寨，寨首二人。
Songpan's Middle Battalion had seven tusi stockades, two native centurions, and five thousand-household officers. The Left Battalion had two tusi stockades, one native thousand-household officer, and one centurion. The Right Battalion had one tusi stockade and one native centurion. The Zhangla Battalion had fifty-two tusi stockades, fourteen native thousand-household officers, twenty-five centurions, and thirteen native headmen. The Pingfan Battalion had two stockades, one temple, and three native thousand-household officers. The Nanping Battalion had two stockades, each with its own chief.
32
茂州疊溪營所屬土司六寨，土千戶、百戶各一。
Maozhou's Diexi Battalion had six tusi stockades, one native thousand-household officer, and one centurion.
33
龍安府龍安營所屬土司隘口一，堡一，長官司一，土通判、知事各一。
Long'an Prefecture's battalion had one tusi pass, one fort, one hereditary prefect, plus a native subprefect and registrar.
34
雜谷廳維州協左營所屬土司宣慰司一，轄大小二十八寨。 右營所屬土司宣慰司一，轄十九寨，長官司三，轄四十五寨。
Zagu's Weizhou Left Battalion had one Pacification Commissioner tusi over twenty-eight stockades. The Right Battalion had one Pacification Commissioner over nineteen stockades and three hereditary prefects over forty-five more.
35
茂州營所屬土司長官司一，副長官司一，安撫司、土巡檢各一。
The Maozhou Battalion included one hereditary prefect, one deputy, one Pacification Office, and one native inspector.
36
懋功廳懋功協所屬土司，安撫司、宣撫司各一，轄大小四十六寨。
Maogong's brigade had Pacification and Promotion Office tusi governing forty-six stockades.
37
建昌鎮中營所屬土司，河東長官司一，土百戶三，土目十一，民戶皆裸儸部落。 阿都正長官司一，轄土目四人，阿都副長官司一，轄土目十一，民戶皆苗夷。 沙罵宣撫司所轄土目五十，民戶皆蠻夷。 右所屬河西土千總一，土目四，民戶皆平夷。
Jianchang's Middle Battalion had an east-of-river hereditary prefect, three native centurions, eleven headmen, and Luoluo tribal commoners throughout. Adu had one regular and one deputy hereditary prefect governing four and eleven native headmen respectively; all commoners were Miao and Yi. The Shama Promotion Office ruled fifty native headmen over Man and Yi commoners. West of the river on the right wing stood one native chiliarch and four headmen over Pingyi commoners.
38
越俊廳越俊營所屬土司，工卩部宣撫司一，土目十一。 寧越營所屬暖帶密土千戶一，轄鄉總七，土目一。 暖帶田壩土千戶一。 松林地土千戶一，轄土百戶五。 以上民戶皆番夷。
Yuejun Department's battalion included a Gongjibu Promotion Office tusi with eleven native headmen. The Ningyue Battalion had a Nuandaimi thousand-household officer with seven village chiefs and one headman. There was one Nuandaitianba thousand-household officer. Songlindi had one thousand-household officer and five native centurions. All these communities were Fan and Yi peoples.
39
鹽源縣會鹽營所屬土司，木里安撫司一。 瓜別安撫司一。 馬喇副長官司一。 古柏樹土戶一，轄土目二。 中所、左所轄土目一，右所土千戶各一。 前所、後所土百戶各一。 以上民戶皆番夷。
Yanyuan's Huiyan Battalion included a Muli Pacification Office. One Guabie Pacification Office. One Mala deputy hereditary prefect. One Gubaishu native household chief with two headmen. Central and left wings each had one headman; each right-wing post had one thousand-household officer. Front and rear wings each had one native centurion. All these households were Fan and Yi.
40
冕寧縣冕山營所屬土千戶、土百戶十三，土目四，村戶皆夷也。
Mianning's Mianshan Battalion had thirteen thousand- and hundred-household native officers, four headmen, and Yi village households throughout.
41
會理州會川所屬營司土千戶三，土百戶四，民戶皆番也。 永定營所屬土千戶一，村戶皆夷也。
Huili's Huichuan battalion office had three thousand-household and four centurion native officers over Fan commoners. The Yongding Battalion had one thousand-household officer and Yi villages throughout.
42
打箭爐泰寧營所屬沈邊長官司一，冷邊長官司一，民戶皆番也。
Dajianlu's Taining Battalion had Shenbian and Lengbian hereditary prefects over Fan commoners.
43
天全州黎雅營所屬穆坪宣慰司一。
Tianquan's Liya Battalion included one Muping Pacification Commissioner.
44
清溪縣黎雅營所屬土千戶一，土百戶二。
Qingxi's Liya Battalion had one thousand-household and two centurion native officers.
45
打箭爐阜和協所屬明正宣慰司一，土千戶一，土百戶四十八。 革什咱布安撫司一。 巴底宣慰司一。 喇袞安撫司一。 霍耳竹窩安撫司一，轄土千戶、百戶各一。 章谷安撫司一，轄土百戶四。 納林沖長官司一。 瓦述色他長官司一。 瓦述更平長官司一。 瓦述保科安撫司一。 以上戶皆土民，多少不等。
Dajianlu's Fuhe Brigade included the Mingzheng Pacification Commissioner, one thousand-household officer, and forty-eight centurions. One Geshizhanbu Pacification Office. One Badi Pacification Commissioner. One Lagun Pacification Office. One Huo'er Zhuwo Pacification Office with one thousand- and one hundred-household native officer. One Zhanggu Pacification Office with four native centurions. One Nalinchong hereditary prefect. One Wasu Seta hereditary prefect. One Wasu Gengping hereditary prefect. One Wasu Baoke Pacification Office. All these jurisdictions held native commoners in varying numbers.
46
德耳格忒宣慰司一，轄土百戶六，民戶皆番。 霍耳白利長官司一。 霍耳咱安撫司一，轄土百戶二。 霍耳東科長官司一。 春科安撫司一，副土司一。 上瞻對茹長官司一。 峪納土千戶一。 蒙葛結長官司一。 林蔥安撫司一。 上納奪安撫司一，轄土千戶一，百戶三。 下瞻對安撫司一，轄土百戶二。 上瞻對撤墩土千戶一。 中瞻對茹色長官司一。 以上戶皆土民。
One De'ergete Pacification Commissioner with six centurions over Fan commoners. One Huo'er Baili hereditary prefect. One Huo'er Zha Pacification Office with two centurions. One Huo'er Dongke hereditary prefect. One Chunke Pacification Office with a deputy chieftain. One Upper Zhandui Ru hereditary prefect. One Yuna thousand-household officer. One Menggejie hereditary prefect. One Lincong Pacification Office. One Shangnaduoduo Pacification Office with one thousand-household and three centurion officers. One Lower Zhandui Pacification Office with two centurions. One Upper Zhandui Chedun thousand-household officer. One Middle Zhandui Ruse hereditary prefect. All these jurisdictions held native commoners.
47
上述土司，其中如春科等，有已納印者，清季設專官治之。 三瞻曾畀西藏，為其轄境。 其後邊釁屢生，宣統初收復。
Some of these chieftains, such as Chunke, had already taken Qing seals; by the late dynasty special officials governed them directly. The three Zhandui districts had once been handed to Tibet as Tibetan territory. Repeated border clashes followed until the court recovered them early in the Xuantong reign.
48
里塘糧務所屬里塘宣撫司一，副土司一，轄長官司三，土百戶二，戶皆番民。
Litang's grain office oversaw one Promotion Office, a deputy chieftain, three hereditary prefects, two centurions, and Fan households throughout.
49
巴塘糧務所屬巴塘宣撫司一，副土司一，轄土百戶七，戶皆土民。
Batang's grain office had one Promotion Office, a deputy chieftain, seven centurions, and native commoner households.
50
石砫廳夔州協所屬宣慰司一。 乾隆間改土通判。 主瀘州瀘州營所屬長官司一。
Shizhu's Kuizhou Brigade included one Pacification Commissioner. In the Qianlong era the post became a native subprefect. Luzhou's battalion included one hereditary prefect.
51
雷波廳普安營所屬土千總一，土舍二。 安阜營所屬土舍一。 屏山縣所屬長官司四。 以上民戶皆番夷。
Leibo's Pu'an Battalion had one native chiliarch and two stewards. The Anfu Battalion had one native steward. Pingshan County had four hereditary prefects. All these communities were Fan and Yi.
52
馬邊廳馬邊營所屬土千戶一，百戶九，土外委一。
Mabian's battalion had one thousand-household officer, nine centurions, and one native sub-official.
53
峨邊廳歸化汛、冷磧汛所屬嶺夷十二地，夷人頭目十二。 赤夷十三枝。 膽巴家土千總、把總各一，轄頭目四。 哈納家土千總、把總各一，轄頭目三。 蜚瓜家千總一，把總二，轄頭目二。 魁西家土千總、把總各一。 以上民戶娃子為多。 娃子者，漢人被掠入夷巢之名。 主四川屯弁：
Ebian's Guihua and Lengqi posts oversaw twelve Lingyi districts with twelve Yi headmen. Thirteen branches of Red Yi. The Danbajia had one native chiliarch, one platoon leader, and four headmen. The Hanajia had one chiliarch, one platoon leader, and three headmen. The Feiguajia had one chiliarch, two platoon leaders, and two headmen. The Kuixijia had one native chiliarch and one platoon leader. Most households in these districts were wazi. Wazi was the term for Han people captured and held in Yi settlements. Sichuan garrison native officers:
54
雜谷廳維州協所屬雜谷腦屯守備一，轄屯千總二，屯把總四，屯外委八。 乾堡寨上孟董、下孟董、九子寨均屯守備一，轄千總、把總、外委十四。 以上民戶皆番。
Zagu's Weizhou Brigade had a Zagu'nao garrison commandant with two chiliarchs, four platoon leaders, and eight sub-officials. Qianbaozhai, Upper and Lower Mengdong, and Jiuzizhai each had a garrison commandant sharing fourteen chiliarchs, platoon leaders, and sub-officials. All these households were Fan.
55
懋功廳懋功協所屬攢拉八角碉屯守備一，千總、把總、外委六。 撫邊屯所屬屯把總一。 攢拉漢牛屯守備一，千總、把總、外委六。 撫邊屯所屬攢拉別思滿屯守備一，千總、把總、外委七，馬爾富屯外委一，曾頭溝千總一。 章谷屯屬攢拉屯守備一，千總、把總、外委八，分轄宅壟屯把總一，外委四。 崇化屯屬促浸河東屯守備一，千總、把總、外委十五。 綏靖屯屬促浸河西屯守備一，千總、把總、外委二十四。 以上戶皆屯番。
Maogong's brigade had a Zanla Bajiaodiao garrison commandant with six officers. Fubian garrison had one platoon leader. Zanla Hanniu had one garrison commandant and six subordinate officers. Fubian had a Zanla Biesiman commandant with seven officers, plus one Ma'erfu sub-official and one Zengtougou chiliarch. Zhanggu fell under a Zanla commandant with eight officers, while Zhailong had one platoon leader and four sub-officials. Chonghua had an East Cujin River garrison commandant with fifteen officers. Suijing had a West Cujin River commandant with twenty-four officers. All these were garrison Fan communities.
56
四川已廢土司：
Abolished Sichuan tusi:
57
建昌道所屬天全六番招討司、副招討司各一。 大涼山阿都宣撫司一。 建昌壩南路安撫司一。 河西宣慰司一、土百戶四。 審札等處土百戶三。 北路甸沙關土千戶一。
Jianchang Circuit once had Tianquan Six-Fan pacification and deputy pacification commissioners. One Great Liangshan Adu Promotion Office. One Jianchangba South Road Pacification Office. One Hexi Pacification Commissioner and four centurions. Three centurions in Shenzha and nearby districts. One thousand-household officer at North Road Dianshaguan.
58
冕山營所屬寧番安撫司一、土百戶二。 皮羅木羅等處土百戶四，頭人三枝。 靖遠營土百戶四，頭人四枝。 涼山等處番夷頭人六枝。 如昆等處頭人九枝。 冕山營徵收土千戶及頭人二枝。
Mianshan Battalion had one Ningfan Pacification Office and two centurions. Piluomuluo and nearby districts had four centurions and three headman branches. Jingyuan Battalion had four centurions and four headman branches. Liangshan and nearby areas had six branches of Fan-Yi headmen. Rukun and nearby districts had nine headman branches. Mianshan Battalion levied thousand-household officers and two headman branches.
59
雅州府屬司徒一、大國師一。
Yaozhou Prefecture had one Situ and one Grand State Preceptor.
60
打箭爐屬中瞻對長官司一。
Dajianlu had one Middle Zhandui hereditary prefect.
61
川東道屬宣慰司、長官司各一。
Chuandong Circuit had one Pacification Commissioner and one hereditary prefect.
62
松茂道屬雜谷土司一。
Songmao Circuit had one Zagu chieftain.
63
兩廣土兵：
Guangdong and Guangxi native troops:
64
廣東高州府茂名縣瑤兵六百六十四，俍兵六百六十六，轄瑤山四十四。 電白縣僮兵百六十五，轄瑤山二十一。 信宜縣瑤兵百七十七，俍兵五百九十五，轄瑤山四十一。 化州瑤兵五百二十四，俍兵百九十四，轄瑤山五十一。 石城縣瑤兵四百九十七，轄瑤山二。 廉州府牛藤閘俍總一，兵四十六。 馬頭閘俍目一，兵十五。 水鳴閘俍目一，兵三十四。 冷水閘俍目一，兵二十三。 九叉閘俍目一，兵十四。 沙尾閘俍目一，兵二十。 藤柯閘俍目一，兵二十。 丹竹閘俍目一，兵十九。 樟木閘俍目一，兵三十。
Maoming in Gaozhou, Guangdong, fielded 664 Yao and 666 Liang troops across forty-four Yao mountain districts. Dianbai had 165 Zhuang troops over twenty-one Yao mountain districts. Xinyi had 177 Yao and 595 Liang troops across forty-one Yao mountain districts. Huazhou fielded 524 Yao and 194 Liang troops across fifty-one Yao mountain districts. Shicheng County fielded 497 Yao troops across two Yao mountain districts. At Niuteng Pass in Lianzhou Prefecture, a Liang commander-in-chief led forty-six troops. Matou Pass had one Liang officer commanding fifteen troops. Shuiming Pass was held by one Liang officer with thirty-four troops. Lengshui Pass had one Liang officer and twenty-three troops. Jiucha Pass had one Liang officer commanding fourteen troops. Shawei Pass had one Liang officer with twenty troops. Tengke Pass had one Liang officer and twenty troops. Danzhu Pass had one Liang officer with nineteen troops. Zhangmu Pass was garrisoned by one Liang officer and thirty troops.
65
廣西桂林府龍勝廳二堡，堡目各一。 臨桂十三堡，堡目十三。 靈川五堡一隘，堡目五，隘長一。 永寧州二鎮，俍長二。 永福十一堡，堡目十一。 義寧五堡，堡目五。 全州隘長六。 以上各土兵，自二十四至二百九十二。 灌陽俍兵最少，臨桂最多。
In Longsheng Department of Guilin Prefecture, Guangxi, two forts each had one fort officer. Lingui maintained thirteen forts with thirteen fort officers. Lingchuan had five forts and one pass, with five fort officers and one pass chief. Yongning Department maintained two garrison towns, each with a Liang chief. Yongfu had eleven forts with eleven fort officers. Yining maintained five forts and five fort officers. Six pass chiefs were stationed at Quanzhou. These native contingents ranged from 24 to 292 men each. Guanyang fielded the smallest Liang contingent, Lingui the largest.
66
柳州府雒容土舍一，堡目三。 羅城十五堡，堡目十五。 柳城二十一堡，堡目二十一。 融縣二堡，堡目二。 以上土兵自十四至二百六十五。 融縣最少，雒容最多。
In Luorong, Liuzhou Prefecture, there was one hereditary native headman and three fort officers. Luocheng maintained fifteen forts with a matching fifteen fort officers. Liucheng had twenty-one forts, each with its own fort officer. Rong County maintained two forts with two fort officers. These native contingents ranged from 14 to 265 men. Rong County had the smallest contingent, Luorong the largest.
67
慶遠府宜山堡目一。 天河堡目一。 河池州堡目一。 思恩堡目一。 東闌土州目一。 永定土司一。 永順正副土司各一。 土兵自三十二人至百十人。 惟那地土州兵二百八十，南丹土州兵五百十二。 土州又各分兵五十屬德勝鎮。 又忻城土縣兵三百，數為最多。
Yishan in Qingyuan Prefecture had one fort officer. Tianhe had one fort officer. Hechi Prefecture maintained one fort officer. Si'en had one fort officer. Donglan Native Prefecture had one native chieftain. Yongding had one native official. Yongshun had one principal and one deputy native official. Native contingents ranged from 32 to 110 men. Nadi Native Prefecture alone fielded 280 troops; Nandan Native Prefecture fielded 512. Each native prefecture also contributed fifty men to the garrison at Desheng. Xincheng Native County had 300 troops—the largest count of all.
68
思恩府上林土舍、頭目、總練三十八，兵五百七十五為多。 土田州兵四百，陽萬土州判兵三百次之。 土上林縣兵三十，武緣堡兵五十為少。
In Shanglin, Si'en Prefecture, thirty-eight hereditary headmen, officers, and drill-masters commanded 575 troops—the largest force in the prefecture. Native Tianzhou fielded 400 troops; Yangwan Native Prefecture's contingent of 300 was second largest. Native Shanglin County had only 30 troops; Wuyuan Fort had 50—the smallest contingents.
69
平樂府恭城鳳皇堡隊長六。 賀縣田總一，哨長三，隊長十四。 荔浦堡目二。 修仁堡目五。 永安土舍二。 以上土兵自六十五至三百十。 荔浦最少，永安最多。
Fenghuang Fort in Gongcheng, Pingle Prefecture, had six squad leaders. Hexian had one field commander, three outpost chiefs, and fourteen squad leaders. Lipu maintained two fort officers. Xiuren had five fort officers. Yong'an had two hereditary native headmen. These contingents ranged from 65 to 310 men. Lipu had the smallest force, Yong'an the largest.
70
梧州府岑溪俍總俍目。 懷集耕總、哨長、耕兵、撫兵。 二縣兵皆逾三百。
At Cenxi in Wuzhou Prefecture were Liang commanders and Liang officers. Huaiji maintained farming militia officers—including a commander-in-chief, outpost chiefs, farming militia, and pacification troops. Both counties fielded more than 300 men each.
71
潯州府桂平、平南、貴縣皆俍兵，武宣為土勇、土兵，自三、四十至三百十四不等。
In Xunzhou Prefecture, Guiping, Pingnan, and Guixian all fielded Liang troops; Wuxuan had native braves and native troops, with counts varying from thirty or forty to 314.
72
南寧府宣化土勇，隆安隘兵。 橫州俍兵，永淳俍兵、耕守兵。 遷隆土侗兵。 自三十至三百不等。
Nanning Prefecture maintained Xuanhua native braves and Long'an pass troops. Hengzhou had Liang troops; Yongchun had Liang troops and farming garrison troops. Qianlong maintained native Dong troops. Their strength ranged from 30 to 300 men.
73
太平府龍州廳屬下龍土司、兩關、三卡、十四隘。 明江廳屬上石西州兵。 崇善兵，安平土州兵。 萬承土州九甲兵，應調運糧，及六坊土兵。 茗盈、全茗、龍英、佶倫、鎮遠、思陵等土州兵。 土江州兵。 土思州兵。 下石西土州兵。 上下凍土州兵。 羅陽土縣兵。 上龍土巡檢隘兵。 以上兵四、五十至五百不等。 餘如都結土州頭目三，兵十六為極少，土思州兵七百餘，太平土州兵千餘為最多。
Under Longzhou Department in Taiping Prefecture were the Xialong native chieftain, two passes, three checkpoints, and fourteen defiles. Mingjiang Department oversaw troops of Shangshixi Prefecture. There were Chongshan troops and Anping Native Prefecture troops. Wancheng Native Prefecture supplied nine companies for grain transport duty, along with six-ward native troops. Troops were also mustered from the native prefectures of Mingying, Quanming, Longying, Jilun, Zhenyuan, Siling, and others. Native Jiangzhou supplied troops. Native Sizhou maintained troops. Xiashixi Native Prefecture fielded troops. The upper and lower Dong native prefectures supplied troops. Luoyang Native County maintained troops. Shanglong had pass troops under the native patrol inspector. These contingents ranged from forty or fifty to 500 men. At the extremes, Duojie Native Prefecture had only three officers and sixteen troops; Native Sizhou had over 700 and Taiping Native Prefecture over 1,000—the largest forces.
74
鎮安府府額土兵。 小鎮安廳土勇。 天保兵。 歸順州隘兵。 湖潤寨隘目兵。 都康、上映兩土州兵。 下雷土州土勇。 自三十至二百五十不等，惟向武土州土目二百二十，土兵額千二百，其最多者也。
Zhen'an Prefecture maintained its allotted native troops. Xiao Zhen'an Department fielded native braves. Tianbao supplied troops. Guishun Prefecture maintained pass troops. Hurun Stockade had pass-officer troops. Dukang and Shangying native prefectures supplied troops. Xialei Native Prefecture fielded native braves. Strength ranged from 30 to 250 men; Xiangwu Native Prefecture alone had 220 native officers and a quota of 1,200 troops—the largest force.
75
鬱林州北流俍兵。 陸川俍目、俍兵。 興業俍兵。 皆不過三、五十。
Beiliu in Yulin Prefecture maintained Liang troops. Luchuan had Liang officers and Liang troops. Xingye fielded Liang troops. None exceeded thirty or fifty men.
76
綜廣西土兵，蓋萬三千八百有奇。
In all, Guangxi native troops numbered roughly 13,800.
77
湖南土兵：
Native troops of Hunan:
78
湖南苗疆，鳳凰廳設中營、右營守備各官，苗兵二千，練兵千，屯兵四千。 乾州廳設守備各官，苗兵八百，屯兵六百。 永綏廳設守備各官，苗兵千八百，屯兵二千。 永順縣設守備各官，苗兵、屯兵各百。 保靖縣設守備各官，苗兵、屯兵各三百。 嘉慶十年，設屯弁統屯丁，原有備戰練兵千人，准營制操習，著為例。
On the Hunan Miao frontier, Fenghuang Department had garrison commanders for the Middle and Right battalions, with 2,000 Miao troops, 1,000 drill troops, and 4,000 garrison troops. Qianzhou Department had garrison commanders with 800 Miao troops and 600 garrison troops. Yongshuo Department had garrison commanders with 1,800 Miao troops and 2,000 garrison troops. Yongshun County had garrison commanders with 100 Miao troops and 100 garrison troops each. Baojing County had garrison commanders with 300 Miao troops and 300 garrison troops each. In 1805, garrison officers were appointed to command garrison soldiers; the original 1,000 battle-ready drill troops were authorized to train under regular battalion regulations, which was then fixed as precedent.
79
雲南土兵：
Native troops of Yunnan:
80
鎮遠廳，大雅口土都司各一。
Zhenyuan Department and Dayakou each had one native regional commissioner.
81
麗江府，大山茨竹寨土守備各一。 中甸迭巴土守備二。
Lijiang Prefecture maintained one native garrison commander each at Dashan and Cizhu Stockade. Zhongdian Dieba had two native garrison commanders.
82
鎮邊廳黃草嶺，杉木籠隘，六庫，阿敦子，猛遮，普寧縣普藤，維西廳奔子欄，元江州，雲龍州老窩，威遠廳猛戛，永北廳羊坪，保山縣登梗，魯掌，麗江府，新平縣斗門磨沙，大中甸神翁，小中甸神翁，中甸江邊神翁，中甸格沙神翁，中甸泥西神翁，鎮邊廳猛角猛董，圈糯千總各一。 臨安府稿吾卡，漕澗，奔子欄，阿敦子，瀾滄江，臨城，其宗喇普，思茅廳倚邦，易武，猛獵，六順，猛籠，橄欖壩，猛旺，整董，他郎廳儒林里，定南里，威遠廳猛戛，猛班，騰越廳大塘隘，明光隘，古勇隘，卯照，下猛引，賢官寨，募乃寨，東河，元江州永豐里，茄革里，喇博，他旦，老是達，岩旺，烏猛，烏得土把總各一。 迭賓土把總五。 中甸江邊，小中甸迭賓，中甸格咱，中甸泥西土把總各三。
Each of the following posts had one thousand-commander: Huangcaoling and Mengjiao Mengdong in Zhenbian Department; Shanmulong Pass, Liuku, Adunzi, Mengzhe, and Quannuo; Puteng in Puning County; Benzilan in Weixi Department; Yuanjiang Prefecture; Laowo in Yunlong Prefecture; Mengjia in Weiyuan Department; Yangping in Yongbei Department; Denggeng and Luzhang in Baoshan County; Lijiang Prefecture; Doumen Mosha in Xinping County; Da Zhongdian Shenweng, Xiao Zhongdian Shenweng, Zhongdian Jiangbian Shenweng, Zhongdian Gesa Shenweng, and Zhongdian Nixi Shenweng. Each of the following posts had one native deputy company commander: Gaowuka, Caojian, Benzilan, Adunzi, Lancang River, and Lincheng in Lin'an Prefecture; Qizong Lapu; Yibang, Yiwu, Menglie, Liushun, Menglong, Ganlanba, Mengwang, and Zhengdong in Simao Department; Rulin and Dingnan districts in Talang Department; Mengjia and Mengban in Weiyuan Department; Datang, Mingguang, and Guyong passes, Maozhao, Xiamengyin, Xianguan Stockade, Munai Stockade, and Donghe in Tengyue Department; Yongfeng, Qiageli, Labo, Tadan, Laoshida, Yanwang, Wumeng, and Wude in Yuanjiang Prefecture. Dieba had five native deputy company commanders. Zhongdian Jiangbian, Xiao Zhongdian Diebin, Zhongdian Geza, and Zhongdian Nixi each had three native deputy company commanders.
83
鎮邊廳大山分防，猛弄掌寨，猛喇掌寨，水塘掌寨，五畝掌寨，五邦掌寨，者米掌寨，茨桶壩掌寨，馬龍掌寨，瓦遮、宗哈正掌寨，瓦遮副掌寨，宗哈副掌寨，斗岩掌寨，阿土掌寨、土外委各一。 賓川州赤谷里，保山縣練地，武定州勒品甸土巡捕各一。
Each of the following had one native sub-official: Dashan sub-garrison in Zhenbian Department; stockade chiefs at Mengnong, Mengla, Shuitang, Wumu, Wubang, Zhemi, Citongba, Malong, Douyan, and Atu; principal stockade chiefs at Wazhe and Zongha; and deputy stockade chiefs at Wazhe and Zongha. Each of Binchuan's Chigu District, Baoshan County's Liandi, and Wuding Prefecture's Lepindian had one native patrol catcher.
84
止那隘，猛豹隘，壩竹隘，黃草嶺隘撫夷各一。 八關撫夷。 銅壁關、萬仞關、神護關、巨石關、鐵壁關正副撫夷，各有努練土兵，自二十五、六戶至百五十餘戶。 虎踞關、天馬關、漢龍關正副撫夷。
Zhina, Mengbao, Bazhu, and Huangcaoling passes each had one pacification agent. Pacification agents were stationed at eight passes. At Tongbi, Wanyin, Shenhu, Jushi, and Tiebi passes, regular and deputy pacification agents each maintained Nulian native troops ranging from twenty-five or six households to over one hundred fifty. Huju, Tianma, and Hanlong passes each had regular and deputy pacification agents.
85
貴州土兵：
Guizhou native troops:
86
貴陽府屬中曹長官司，養龍長官司，白納長官司、副長官司，虎墜長官司。
Under Guiyang Prefecture were the Zhongcao, Yanglong, and Huzhui hereditary prefects, together with the Bainai hereditary prefect and deputy.
87
定番州屬程番長官司，上馬橋長官司，小程番長官司，盧番長官司，方番長官司，韋番長官司，臥龍番長官司，小龍番長官司，金石番長官司，羅番長官司，大龍番長官司，木瓜長官司、副長官司，麻向長官司。
Dingfan Prefecture had hereditary prefects at Chen Fan, Shangmaqiao, Xiao Chen Fan, Lu Fan, Fang Fan, Wei Fan, Wolong Fan, Xiao Long Fan, Jinshi Fan, Luo Fan, Da Long Fan, Maxiang, and Mugua (regular and deputy).
88
開州屬乖西長官司、副長官司。
Kaizhou had the Guaixi hereditary prefect and deputy.
89
龍里縣屬大谷龍長官司，小谷龍長官司，羊場長官司。
Longli County had hereditary prefects at Da Gulong, Xiao Gulong, and Yangchang.
90
貴定縣屬平伐長官司，大平伐長官司，小平伐長官司，新添長官司。
Guiding County had hereditary prefects at Pingfa, Da Pingfa, Xiao Pingfa, and Xintian.
91
郎岱廳屬西堡副長官司。
Langdai Department had the Xibao deputy hereditary prefect.
92
歸化廳屬康莊副長官司。
Guihua Department had the Kangzhuang deputy hereditary prefect.
93
永寧州屬頂營長官司，沙營長官司。
Yongning Prefecture had the Dingying and Shaying hereditary prefects.
94
鎮遠府屬偏橋長官司，工卩水長官司。
Zhenyuan Prefecture had hereditary prefects at Pianqiao and Gongmaoshui.
95
黃平州屬岩門宣化長官司。
Huangping Prefecture had the Yanmen Xuanhua hereditary prefect.
96
思南府屬蠻夷長官司，朗溪長官司、副長官司，沿河祐溪長官司、副長官司。
Sinan Prefecture had the Manyi hereditary prefect; Langxi regular and deputy hereditary prefects; and Yanhe Youxi regular and deputy hereditary prefects.
97
平越州屬楊義長官司。
Pingyue Prefecture had the Yangyi hereditary prefect.
98
思州府屬都坪長官司、副長官司，都素長官司、副長官司，黃道溪長官司、副長官司，施溪長官司。
Sizhou Prefecture had Duping, Dusu, and Huangdaoxi hereditary prefects (each with deputies), and the Shixi hereditary prefect.
99
黎平府屬潭溪長官司、副長官司，歐陽長官司、副長官司，龍里長官司，亮寨長官司，中林驗洞長官司，古州長官司，湖耳長官司、副長官司，八舟長官司，新化長官司，洪洲泊里長官司、副長官司。
Liping Prefecture had hereditary prefects at Tanxi, Ouyang, Longli, Liangzhai, Zhonglin Yandong, Guzhou, Hu'er, Bazhou, Xinhua, and Hongzhou Boli — Tanxi, Ouyang, Hu'er, and Hongzhou Boli each with regular and deputy offices.
100
都勻府屬都勻長官司、副長官司，邦水長官司。
Duyun Prefecture had the Duyun hereditary prefect (regular and deputy) and the Bangshui hereditary prefect.
101
麻哈州屬平定長官司，樂平長官司。
Mahazhou had the Pingding and Leping hereditary prefects.
102
獨山州屬爛土長官司，豐寧上長官司、下長官司。
Dushan Prefecture had the Lantu hereditary prefect and upper and lower Fengning hereditary prefects.
103
銅仁府屬省溪長官司、副長官司，提溪長官司、副長官司。
Tongren Prefecture had Shengxi and Tixi hereditary prefects, each with regular and deputy offices.
104
松桃廳屬烏羅長官司、副長官司，平頭著可長官司、副長官司。
Songtao Department had Wuluo and Pingtou Zhuoke hereditary prefects, each with regular and deputy offices.
105
西藏土兵：
Tibet native troops:
106
雍正九年，新撫南稱、巴彥等處番民七十九族，地居四川、西藏、西寧間。 十年夏，川、藏暨西寧分遣專官會同勘定，近西寧者歸西寧管轄，近西藏者暫隸西藏雲。
In Yongzheng 9, seventy-nine Fan tribes newly brought under pacification at Nancheng, Bayan, and elsewhere — their territories straddling the borders of Sichuan, Tibet, and Xining. The following summer, Sichuan, Tibet, and Xining each sent commissioners to survey and apportion the territory jointly; tribes near Xining were assigned to Xining, those near Tibet were temporarily placed under Tibet jurisdiction, and the like.
107
西寧管轄四十族：阿哩克族，蒙古爾津族，雍希葉布族，玉樹族，噶爾布族，蘇魯克族，尼雅木錯族，固察族，稱多族，洞巴族，多倫尼托克安圖族，阿薩克族，克列玉族，克阿永族，克葉爾濟族，克拉爾濟族，克典巴族，隆布族，上隆布族，札武族，上札武族，下札武族，札武班右族，上阿拉克碩族，上隆壩族，下隆壩族，蘇爾莽族，白利族，哈爾受族，登坡格爾吉族，下格爾吉族，格爾吉族，巴彥南稱族，南稱桑巴爾族，南稱隆冬族，南稱卓達爾族，吹冷多拉族，巴彥南稱界住牧喇嘛，拉布庫克住牧喇嘛。
The forty tribes under Xining jurisdiction were: Alige, Mongol Erjin, Yongxi Yebu, Yushu, Garbu, Suluke, Niyamucuo, Gucha, Chenduo, Dongba, Duolun Nituoke Antu, Asake, Kelyu, Keayong, Keyeerji, Kelareerji, Kedianba, Longbu, Upper Longbu, Zhawu, Upper Zhawu, Lower Zhawu, Zhawu Banyou, Upper Alakeshuo, Upper Longba, Lower Longba, Suermang, Baili, Haershou, Dengpogeerji, Lower Geerji, Geerji, Bayan Nancheng, Nancheng Sangbaer, Nancheng Longdong, Nancheng Zhuodaer, Chuilengduola, Bayan Nancheng Boundary Pasturing Lama, and Labuke Pasturing Lama.
108
西藏管轄三十九族：納書克貢巴族，畢魯族，琫盆族，達格魯族，拉克族，色爾札族，札嘛爾族，阿札克族，上阿札克族，下阿札克族，夥爾川木桑族，夥爾札麻蘇他爾族，夥爾札麻蘇他爾，只多族，瓦拉族，夥爾族，麻魯族，寧塔，尼札爾，參麻布瑪，尼牙木札族，利松麻巴族，勒達克族，多麻巴族，羊巴族，依戎夥爾族，夥爾族，彭他麻族，夥爾拉賽族，上剛噶魯族，下剛噶魯族，瓊布拉克魯族，噶魯族，色爾札族，上多爾樹族，下多爾樹族，三札族，三納拉巴族，朴族。
Under Tibet jurisdiction were thirty-nine tribes: Nashuke Gongba, Bilu, Bengpen, Dagelu, Lake, Se'erzha, Zhamaer, Azake, Upper Azake, Lower Azake, Huo'er Chuanmusang, Huo'er Zhamasutai'er, Huo'er Zhamasutai'er, Zhiduo, Wala, Huo'er, Malu, Ningta, Nizha'er, Canmabuma, Niyamuzha, Lisongmaba, Ledake, Duomaba, Yangba, Yirong Huo'er, Huo'er, Pengtama, Huo'er Lasai, Upper Ganggalu, Lower Ganggalu, Qiongbulakelu, Galu, Se'erzha, Upper Duo'ershu, Lower Duo'ershu, Sanzha, Sannalaba, and Pu.
109
以上四十族，共八千四百四十三戶。 三十九族，共四千八百八十九戶。 雍正間，定族內人戶千戶以上設千戶一，百戶以上設百戶一，不及百戶者設百長一，每千、百戶下設散百長數人。 至乾隆末，別定三十九族總百戶一，百戶十三，百長五十三，後增為百戶十六，百長六十一。
These forty tribes together numbered eight thousand four hundred forty-three households. The thirty-nine tribes together numbered four thousand eight hundred eighty-nine households. During Yongzheng, a tribal rank system was fixed: tribes of one thousand households or more received a thousand-household officer; those of one hundred or more, a centurion; those below one hundred, a company chief; and each thousand-household and centurion officer had several subordinate company chiefs beneath him. By the late Qianlong reign, the thirty-nine tribes were separately organized under one overall centurion, thirteen centurions, and fifty-three company chiefs — later raised to sixteen centurions and sixty-one company chiefs.