1
睿忠親王多爾袞，太祖第十四子。 初封貝勒。 天聰二年，太宗伐察哈爾多羅特部，破敵於敖穆楞，多爾袞有功，賜號墨爾根代青。 三年，從上自龍井關入明邊，與貝勒莽古爾泰等攻下漢兒莊，趨通州，薄明都，敗袁崇煥、祖大壽援兵於廣渠門外，又殲山海關援兵於薊州。 四年，引還，多爾袞與莽古爾泰先行，复破敵。 五年，初設六部，掌吏部事。 從上圍大凌河，戰，多爾袞陷陣，明兵墮壕者百餘，城上砲矢發，將士有死者。 上切責諸將不之阻。 祖大壽約以錦州獻，多爾袞與阿巴泰等以兵四千，僑裝從大壽作潰奔狀，襲錦州，錦州兵迎戰，擊敗之。 事具阿巴泰傳。
Dorgon, Prince Rui the Loyal and Faithful, was the fourteenth son of Taizu. He was first created a beile. In Tiancong 2 (1628), Hong Taiji campaigned against the Chakhar Dorot; after the victory at Aomuleng, Dorgon was rewarded with the honorific Mo'ergen Daiqing for his service. The next year he followed the khan through Longjing Pass into Ming territory. With Manggu'ertai and others he captured Han'erzhuang, marched on Tongzhou, and threatened Beijing, routing Yuan Chonghuan's and Zu Dashou's relief troops at Guangqu Gate and destroying the Shanhaiguan column at Jizhou. When the army withdrew in the fourth year, Dorgon and Manggu'ertai led the van and routed the enemy again. In the fifth year, with the founding of the Six Ministries, he was put in charge of the Ministry of Personnel. During the siege of Daling River, Dorgon charged deep into the enemy lines. Over a hundred Ming troops tumbled into the moat under a hail of cannon fire and arrows from the walls, and several of his own officers and men were killed. The khan sternly rebuked the generals for failing to hold him back. After Zu Dashou pledged to hand over Jinzhou, Dorgon and Abatai led four thousand men in disguise, feigning flight with Zu Dashou's column to strike Jinzhou. The garrison sallied forth and was beaten. The full account appears in Abatai's biography.
2
六年五月，從征察哈爾。
In the fifth month of the sixth year he took part in the expedition against the Chakhar.
3
七年六月，詔問徵明及朝鮮、察哈爾三者何先，多爾袞言：「宜整兵馬，乘穀熟時，入邊圍燕京，截其援兵，毀其屯堡，為久駐計，可坐待其敝。」
In the sixth month of the seventh year the court asked whether Ming, Korea, or the Chakhar should be struck first. Dorgon replied: "Mass the army and wait until the harvest is in, then cross the border, invest Yanjing, sever their relief columns, and raze their outposts. Settle in for a long siege and let exhaustion do the rest."
4
八年五月，從上伐明，克保安，略朔州。
In the fifth month of the eighth year he marched against Ming with the khan, took Bao'an, and swept through Shuozhou.
5
九年，上命偕岳託等將萬人招察哈爾林丹汗子額哲，師還，渡河，多爾袞自平魯衛至朔州，毀寧武關，略代州、忻州、崞縣、黑峰口及應州，復自歸化攜降眾還。 林丹汗得元玉璽曰「制誥之寶」，多爾袞使額哲進上，羣臣因表上尊號。
In the ninth year he was sent with Yueto and others at the head of ten thousand men to receive Esen, Ligdan Khan's Chakhar heir. On the return march, after crossing the river, Dorgon struck from Pingluwei to Shuozhou, broke Ningwu Pass, and raided Daizhou, Xizhou, Guoxian, Heifengkou, and Yingzhou before coming back through Guihua with the surrendered peoples. Ligdan Khan had come into possession of the Yuan imperial seal known as "The Seal for Edicts and Commands." Dorgon had Esen present it to the throne, and the ministers thereupon memorialized for a new imperial title.
6
崇德元年，進封睿親王。 武英郡王阿濟格等率師伐明，命王偕多鐸攻山海關綴明師，阿濟格捷至，乃還。 從伐朝鮮，偕豪格別從寬甸入長山口，克昌州。 進攻江華島，克之，獲朝鮮王妃及其二子，國王李倧請降。 上還盛京，命約束後軍，攜朝鮮質子鷫、淏及大臣子以歸。
In Chongde 1 he was promoted to Prince Rui. While Prince Wuying Ajige led a column against Ming, the Prince was ordered to join Dodo at Shanhaiguan to tie down Ming reinforcements. Once Ajige reported success, both forces withdrew. In the Korean campaign he and Hooge took a separate route through Kuandian and Changshankou and seized Changzhou. He assaulted Ganghwa Island, took it, and captured the Korean queen and her two sons, after which King Yi Jong sued for peace. When the khan returned to Shengjing, he was charged with marshaling the rear guard and escorting home the Korean hostages Su and Ho along with the sons of court ministers.
7
三年，上伐喀爾喀，王留守，築遼陽都爾弼城，城成，命曰屏城； 復治盛京至遼河大道。 八月，命為奉命大將軍，將左翼，岳託將右翼，伐明。 自董家口毀邊牆入，約右翼兵會通州河西務。 越明都至涿州，分兵八道，行略地至山西，南徇保定，擊破明總督盧像升。 遂趨臨清，渡運河，破濟南。 還略天津、遷安，出青山關。 克四十餘城，降六城，俘戶口二十五萬有奇，賜馬五、銀二萬。
In the third year, while the khan campaigned against the Khalkha, the Prince stayed behind to garrison the realm. He built a fortress at Du'erbi in Liaoyang and, when it was finished, named it Pingcheng—the Screen City; he also rebuilt the main highway from Shengjing to the Liao River. In the eighth month he received the seal of Grand General by Imperial Command, leading the Left Wing while Yueto led the Right, and marched against Ming. They breached the frontier wall at Dongjiakou and set a rendezvous with the right wing at Hexiwu, west of Tongzhou. They skirted Beijing for Zhuozhou, split into eight columns, and plundered deep into Shanxi before turning south on Baoding, where they shattered the Ming Grand Secretary Lu Xiangsheng. The army then drove on Linqing, crossed the Grand Canal, and broke Jinan. On the way back they harried Tianjin and Qian'an and withdrew through Qingshan Pass. The campaign yielded more than forty captured cities, six surrenders, and over a quarter-million people seized; the Prince was granted five horses and twenty thousand taels of silver.
8
五年，屯田義州，克錦州城西九台，刈其禾。 又克小凌河西二台。 迭敗明兵杏山、松山間。
In the fifth year he established garrison farms at Yizhou, took the nine redoubts west of Jinzhou, and harvested their fields. He also seized the two forts west of the Xiao Ling River. Again and again he beat Ming troops in the ground between Xingshan and Songshan.
9
圍錦州，王貝勒移營去城三十里，又令每旗一將校率每牛錄甲士五人先歸。 上遣濟爾哈朗代將，傳諭詰責，對曰：「臣以敵兵在錦州、松山、杏山三城，皆就他處牧馬。 若來犯，可更番抵禦。 是以遣人歸牧，治甲械。 舊駐地草盡，臣倡議移營就牧，罪實在臣。」 上復使諭曰：「朕愛爾過於羣子弟，錫予獨厚。 今違命若此，其自議之。」 王自言罪當死，上命降郡王，罰銀萬，奪二牛錄。
During the siege of Jinzhou the Prince and the beiles shifted camp thirty li from the walls and sent one banner officer from each banner home ahead with five armored men per niru. The khan sent Jirhalang to take command and rebuked him by edict. Dorgon answered: "The enemy holds Jinzhou, Songshan, and Xingshan, yet they pasture their horses far afield. If they strike, we can relieve one another in turn. That is why I sent men home to graze the herds and overhaul arms and armor. Our old camp was grazed bare; I urged shifting to fresh pasture, and the blame is mine alone." The khan replied: "I favor you above my other nephews and have heaped gifts upon you. Yet you have defied me thus—judge your own case." The Prince pleaded that he deserved death. The khan demoted him to a commandery prince, fined him ten thousand taels, and stripped him of two niru.
10
六年，复圍錦州。 洪承疇率十三萬人屯松山，王屢擊之，以敵馳六日，次戚家堡，將屯高橋。 王請上駐松山、杏山間，分兵屯烏欣河南山，亙海為營。 明兵屢？ 复前，上張黃葢指揮，明兵引退。 王偕洛託等趨塔山道橫擊之，明兵多死者； 遂發礮克塔山外四台，擒王希賢等。 尋以貝勒杜度等代將，王暫還，復出。
In the sixth year he returned to the siege of Jinzhou. Hong Chengchou sat at Songshan with a hundred and thirty thousand men. The Prince harried him repeatedly; after six days on the march the Ming army paused at Qijiapu and prepared to camp at Gaoqiao. The Prince urged the khan to hold the ground between Songshan and Xingshan, plant detachments on the hills south of the Wuxin River, and line the coast with camps. The Ming lines charged again and again. When they surged forward again, the khan raised the yellow imperial canopy to direct the fight, and the Ming troops fell back. The Prince, Luotuo, and others swept along the Tashan road and caught the Ming column on the flank, leaving many dead; then opened with cannon, took the four outworks beyond Tashan, and captured Wang Xixian and others. Beile Dudu and others soon replaced him in command; the Prince withdrew briefly, then returned to the front.
11
七年，下松山，獲承疇，克錦州，大壽复降。 進克塔山、杏山。 乃墮三城，師還，敘功，復親王。
In the seventh year Songshan fell, Hong Chengchou was taken, Jinzhou capitulated, and Zu Dashou submitted once more. Tashan and Xingshan followed. The three fortresses were razed. After the campaign his honors were reviewed and his rank as an imperial prince was restored.
12
八年，太宗崩，王與諸王、貝勒、大臣奉世祖即位。 諸王、貝勒、大臣議以鄭親王濟爾哈朗與王同輔政，誓曰：「有不秉公輔理、妄自尊大者，天地譴之！」 郡王阿達禮、貝子碩託勸王自立，王發其謀，誅阿達禮、碩託。 尋與濟爾哈朗議罷諸王貝勒管六部事。
In the eighth year Hong Taiji died. The Prince, with the other princes, beiles, and ministers, enthroned Shizu. The princes, beiles, and ministers agreed that Prince Zheng Jirhalang and the Prince would share the regency, swearing: "Let Heaven punish any man who governs unjustly or sets himself above the rest!" Commandery Prince Adali and Beizi Situo then pressed him to seize the throne; he uncovered their conspiracy and put both men to death. He and Jirhalang soon moved to end princely control of the Six Ministries.
13
順治元年正月，卻朝鮮餽遺，告濟爾哈朗及諸大臣曰：「朝鮮國王因予取江華，全其妻子，常以私餽遺。 先帝時必聞而受之，今輔政，誼無私交，不當受。」 因並禁外國餽諸王貝勒者。 濟爾哈朗諭諸大臣，凡事先白王，書名亦先之。 王由是始專政。 固山額真何洛會等訐肅親王豪格怨望，集議，削爵，大臣揚善等以諂附，坐死。
In the first month of Shunzhi 1 he refused Korean presents and told Jirhalang and the ministers: "When I seized Ganghwa I spared the king's family, and ever since the Korean king has tried to court me with private gifts. Under the late emperor such gifts were known and taken; as regent I may keep no private dealings, and I will not accept them." He likewise banned foreign tribute to any prince or beile. Jirhalang ordered the ministers to clear every matter with the Prince first and to list his name ahead of all others on memorials. From that point the Prince's personal rule began. Gushan ejen He Lohui and others accused Prince Su Hooge of disloyal muttering; the council stripped his rank, and ministers such as Yang Shan were executed for currying favor with him.
14
四月乙丑，上御篤恭殿，授王奉命大將軍印，並御用纛蓋，敕便宜行事，率武英郡王阿濟格、豫郡王多鐸及孔有德等伐明。 丙寅，發盛京。 壬申，次翁後。 明平西伯吳三桂自山海關來書乞師，王得書，移師向之。 癸酉，次西拉塔拉。 答三桂書曰：「我國欲與明修好，屢致書不一答。 是以整師三入，蓋示意於明，欲其熟籌通好。 今則不復出此，惟底定中原，與民休息而已。 聞流賊陷京都，崇禎帝慘亡，不勝髮指，用率仁義之師，沈舟破釜，誓必滅賊，出民水火！ 伯思報主恩，與流賊不共戴天，誠忠臣之義，勿因向守遼東與我為敵，尚復來歸，必封以故土，晉為籓？ 懷疑。 昔管仲射桓公中鉤，桓公用為仲父，以成霸業。 伯若率王。 國讎可報，身家可保，世世子孫，長享富貴。」
On yichou in the fourth month the young emperor appeared at the Dugong Hall, invested the Prince with the seal of Grand General by Imperial Command and the imperial banner and canopy, empowered him to act on his own authority, and dispatched him with Prince Wuying Ajige, Prince Yu Dodo, Kong Youde, and others to march against Ming. On bingyin the army left Shengjing. On renshen they encamped at Weng'hou. From Shanhaiguan the Ming Prince of the West, Wu Sangui, sent a letter pleading for relief; the Prince read it and turned his march toward the pass. On guiyou they halted at Xilatala. He answered Sangui: "We sought friendship with Ming and wrote again and again, but no reply ever came. That is why we marched in three great invasions—to make our intentions plain and press Ming to weigh an alliance. That talk is behind us now; our aim is to pacify the Central Plains and give the people peace. When I learned that the rebel host had seized the capital and that Emperor Chongzhen had met a cruel end, my hair stood on end with fury. I now lead an army of righteousness with boats burned and kettles shattered, vowing to destroy the rebels and pull the people out of fire and water! You seek to repay your lord's kindness and cannot live under the same sky as the rebels—that is the mark of a true loyalist. Do not let your old defense of Liaodong against us keep you away; if you return, your former domain will be restored and you will be raised to princely rank as a feudatory— have no doubt of it. Long ago Guan Zhong's arrow struck Duke Huan's belt hook, yet the duke made him his chief minister and so built a hegemony. If you, my lord, bring princes, nobles, officers, and soldiers to our side, the nation's wrong can be avenged, your house can be saved, and your children and grandchildren will enjoy wealth and honor for generations."
15
丁丑，次連山。 三桂復遣使請速進，夜逾寧遠抵沙河。 戊寅，距關十里，三桂報自成兵已出邊。 王令諸王逆擊，敗李自成將唐通於一片石。 己卯，至山海關，三桂出迎，王慰勞之。 令所部以白布系肩為識，先驅入關。 時自成將二十餘萬人，自北山列陣，橫亙至海。 我兵陳不及海岸，王令曰：「流賊橫行久，獷而。 可集我軍鱗比，伺敵陣尾，待其衰擊之，必勝。 努力破此，大業成矣。 勿違節制！」 既成列，令三桂居右翼後。 搏戰，大風揚沙，咫尺不能辨。 力突出，搗其中堅，馬迅矢激。 自成登高望見，奪氣，策馬走。 師無不一當百，追奔四十里，自成潰遁。 王即軍前承製進三桂爵平西王。 下令關內軍民皆薙髪。 以馬步兵各萬人屬三桂，追擊自成。 乃誓諸將曰：「此行除暴救民，滅賊以安天下。 勿殺無辜、掠財物、焚廬舍。 不如約者，罪之。」 自關以西，百姓有逃竄山谷者，皆還鄉里，薙髪迎降。 辛巳，次新河驛，使奏捷，師遂進。 途中明將吏出降，命供職如故。
On dingchou they camped at Lianshan. Sangui sent again, begging haste; the envoys rode through the night past Ningyuan to Shahe. On wuyin, ten li from the pass, Sangui reported that Li Zicheng's force had already marched out. The Prince ordered the princes forward to intercept; at Yipianshi they routed Li Zicheng's general Tang Tong. On jimao they reached Shanhaiguan. Sangui came out to meet them, and the Prince praised and reassured him. He told his men to bind white cloth on their shoulders for recognition and sent them through the pass ahead of the main body. Li Zicheng then had more than two hundred thousand men, deployed from the northern hills in a battle line that ran all the way to the shore. Our line fell short of the coast. The Prince said: "These rebels have swaggered for years—they are fierce and careless of their foe. Mass our men shoulder to shoulder, watch the enemy's flank and rear, and hit them when their strength fades—we will win. Break them here with all your strength, and the great work is done. Do not break ranks!" When the armies were drawn up, he placed Sangui behind the right wing. As the battle joined, a gale whipped up sand until men a spear-length apart could barely see one another. They drove forward with all their strength, punching into the enemy center; horses flew and arrows darkened the air. Li Zicheng looked down from a height, lost his nerve, and bolted on horseback. Every soldier fought as if he were worth a hundred men; they chased the broken army forty li, and Li Zicheng fled in utter rout. There on the field the Prince received the imperial patent and created Sangui Prince of the West. He commanded every soldier and civilian inside the pass to shave the head in the queue. He gave Sangui ten thousand horse and foot to hunt Li Zicheng down. He then took an oath with his commanders: "This march is to crush tyranny and rescue the people—to destroy the rebels and bring peace to the realm. Spare the innocent. Take no plunder. Burn no homes. Whoever breaks this pledge will answer for it." Beyond the pass, villagers who had hidden in the hills came home, shaved their heads, and submitted. On xinsi they reached Xinhe Post, dispatched word of victory, and pressed on. As they marched, Ming commanders and officials surrendered in droves; the Prince ordered them to keep their offices unchanged.
16
五月戊子朔，師次通州。 自成先一日焚宮闕，載輜重而西。 王令諸王偕三桂各率所部追之。 己丑，王整軍入京師，明將吏軍民迎朝陽門外，設鹵簿，請乘輦，王曰：「予法周公輔沖王，不當乘。」 以周公嘗負扆，固請，乃命以鹵簿列王儀仗前，奏樂，拜天，復拜闕，乘輦，升武英殿。」 明將吏入謁，呼萬歲。 下令將士皆乘城，毋入民舍，民安堵如故。 為崇禎帝發喪三日，具帝禮葬之。 諸臣降者，仍以明官治事。 武英郡王阿濟格逐自成至慶都，大破之，獲其輜重。 自成西奔，又令固山額真譚泰、準塔等率巴牙喇兵追至真定，自成敗走。 巴泰齎敕慰勞。 畿輔諸府縣先後請降，分遣固山額真巴哈納、石廷柱略山東，葉臣定山西諸省，金礪等安撫天津。
On the first day of the fifth month (wuzi), the army encamped at Tongzhou. Li Zicheng had burned the palace the day before and was already heading west with his supply train. The Prince ordered the princes, together with Sangui, each to lead his command in pursuit. On jichou the Prince brought his army in order and entered the capital. Ming officers, troops, and townspeople received him outside Chaoyang Gate with full imperial regalia and asked him to take the imperial palanquin. The Prince said, "I mean to assist the young emperor as the Duke of Zhou did; I am not entitled to ride." They urged that the Duke of Zhou had once stood at the screen behind the throne, and would not desist; at last he had the imperial regalia placed ahead of his own escort, music sounded, and he bowed to Heaven and then to the palace before mounting the palanquin and entering the Hall of Martial Glory. Ming officers came to audience and shouted "Long live!" He commanded the troops to hold the walls and stay out of private homes, and the people went about their lives as before. He ordered three days of mourning for Emperor Chongzhen and laid him to rest with full imperial ceremony. Surrendered officials were kept at their Ming posts to govern as before. Prince Wuying Ajige chased Li Zicheng to Qingdu, crushed his army, and seized his supply train. Li Zicheng bolted westward; the Prince sent the banners ejen Tan Tai, Zhunta, and others with the Baturu guard in pursuit to Zhending, where Li Zicheng was beaten and driven off again. Batai was sent with an edict of commendation. The capital districts surrendered one after another. He sent Bahana and Shi Tingzhu into Shandong, Ye Chen to secure Shanxi, and Jin Li and others to pacify Tianjin.
17
王初令官民皆薙髪，繼聞拂民願，諭緩之。 令戒飭官吏，網羅賢才，收卹都市貧民。 用湯若望議，釐正曆法，定名曰時憲歷。 復令曰：「養民之道，莫大於省刑罰，薄稅斂。 自明季禍亂，刁風日競，設機構訟，敗俗傷財，心竊痛之！ 自今咸與維新，凡五月初二日昧爽，以前罪無大小，悉行宥免。 違諭訐訟，以所告罪罪之。 重大者經撫按結案，非機密要情，毋許入京越訴。 訟師誣陷良民，加等反坐。 前朝弊政，莫如加派，遼餉之外，復有剿餉、練餉，數倍正供，遠者二十年，近者十餘年，天下嗷嗷，朝不及夕。 更有召買、糧料諸名目，巧取殃民。 今與民約，額賦外，一切加派，盡予刪除。 官吏不從，察實治罪。」 六月，遣輔國公屯齊喀、和託，固山額真何洛會等迎上，定都燕京。
The Prince first commanded every official and subject to shave the head; when he learned it offended popular sentiment, he announced a postponement. He instructed officials to behave with restraint, recruit able men, and provide relief for the urban poor. On Adam Schall's recommendation he reformed the calendar and named it the Shixian Calendar. He issued another decree: "To nurture the people, nothing matters more than easing punishments and lightening taxes. Since the late Ming collapse, sharp practices and vexatious lawsuits have only grown worse, ruining public morals and draining the people's wealth. This pains me deeply. Henceforth all shall begin anew: every offense committed before dawn on the second day of the fifth month, whatever its gravity, is hereby forgiven. Anyone who defies this order and brings malicious litigation shall be punished for the very crime he alleges. Important cases must be settled by the provincial authorities; appeals to Beijing are forbidden except for urgent matters of state secrecy. Legal schemers who frame honest citizens shall face aggravated punishment under the law of counter-charge. No Ming abuse was worse than the supplemental levies—on top of the Liaodong surcharge came the suppression and training surcharges, multiplying the normal tax. Some regions endured this for twenty years, others for more than ten, until the land cried out in misery and families could not be sure of living from one morning to the next. Under names like compulsory purchase and grain surcharges, officials invented still more devices to wring the people dry. From this day I pledge to the people: every surcharge beyond the fixed land tax is abolished. Officials who defy this order will be investigated and punished." In the sixth month he sent Tunqiqi, Hoton, Hošoi, and others to escort the young emperor south and made Yanjing the capital.
18
明福王由崧稱帝江寧，遣其大學士史可法督師揚州，設江北四鎮，沿淮、徐置戍。 王致書可法曰：「予向在瀋陽，即知燕京物望，咸推司馬。 後入關破賊，得與都人士相接，識介弟於清班，曾託其手勒平安，拳致衷緒，未審以何時得達。 比聞道路紛紛，多謂金陵有自立者。 夫君父之仇，不共戴天。 春秋之義，有賊不討，則故君不得書葬，新君不得書即位，所以防亂臣賊子，法至嚴也。 闖賊李自成，稱兵犯闕，手毒君親，中國臣民，不聞加遺一矢。 平西王吳三桂，介在東陲，獨效包胥之哭，朝廷感其忠義，念累世之宿好，棄近日之小嫌，爰整貔貅，驅除狗鼠。 入京之日，首崇帝后諡號，卜葬山陵，悉如典禮。 親郡王、將軍以下，一仍故封，不加改削。 勳戚文武諸臣，咸在朝列，恩禮有加。 耕市不驚，秋毫無擾。 方擬秋高氣爽，遣將西征； 傳檄江南，聯兵河朔，陳師鞠旅，戮力同心，報乃君國之仇，彰我朝廷之德。 豈意南州諸君子，苟安旦夕，弗審事機，聊慕虛名，頓忘實害，予甚惑之！ 國家撫定燕都，得之於闖賊，非取之於明朝也。 賊毀明朝之廟主，辱及先人，我國家不憚徵繕之勞，悉索敝賦，代為雪恥，孝子仁人，當如何感恩圖報。 茲乃乘逆寇稽誅，王師暫息，遂欲雄據江南，坐享漁人之利。 揆諸情理，豈可謂平？ 將以為天塹不能飛渡，投鞭不能斷流耶？ 夫闖賊但為明朝祟耳，未嘗得罪於我國家也，徒以薄海同仇，特伸大義。 今若擁號稱尊，便是天有二日，儼為勍敵。 予將簡西行之銳，轉旝東征，且擬釋彼重誅，命為前導。 夫以中華全力，受制潢池，而欲以江左一隅，兼支大國，勝負之數，無待蓍龜矣。 予聞君子之愛人也以德，細人則以姑息。 諸君子果識時知命，篤念故主，厚愛賢王，宜勸令削號歸籓，永綏福祿。 朝廷當待以虞賓，統承禮物，帶礪山河，位在諸王侯上，庶不負朝廷伸義討賊、興滅繼絕之初心。 至南州羣彥，翩然來儀，則爾公爾侯，列爵分土，有平西之典例在。 惟執事實圖利之！ 輓近士大夫好高樹名義，而不顧國家之急，每有大事，輒同築舍。 昔宋人議論未定，兵已渡河，可為殷鑑。 先生領袖名流，主持至計，必能深惟終始，寧忍隨俗浮沉？ 取捨從違，應早審定。 兵行在即，可西可東。 南國安危，在此一舉。 原諸君子同以討賊為心，毋貪一身瞬息之榮，而重故國無窮之禍，為亂臣賊子所竊笑，予實有厚望焉！ 記有之，惟善人能受盡言。 敬布腹心，佇聞明教。 江天在望，延跂為勞，書不宣意。」 可法旋遣人報書，語多不屈。
Zhu Yousong, the Ming Prince of Fu, declared himself emperor at Jiangning. He sent Grand Secretary Shi Kefa to take command at Yangzhou, organized the four Jiangbei garrisons, and posted defenses along the Huai and Xu line. The Prince wrote to Shi Kefa: "Even when I was in Shenyang, I knew how highly men in Yanjing thought of you—they all spoke of you as the Marshal. After I entered the pass and defeated the rebels, I met many men of the capital and came to know your younger brother in our ranks. I asked him to carry a letter wishing you well, with all sincerity—but I do not know when, or whether, it ever reached you. Lately the roads have buzzed with rumor that Jinling has raised a rival sovereign. The murder of one's sovereign and father is a hatred that cannot be shared under heaven. The Spring and Autumn tradition is clear: until rebels are punished, the old ruler cannot be duly buried in the record nor the new ruler properly enthroned. That is how the canon restrains traitors—the standard could not be sterner. Li Zicheng the rebel raised rebellion, stormed the palace, and with his own hand killed the emperor and empress—yet not one subject of China is said to have loosed a single arrow against him. Wu Sangui, Prince of the West, alone on the far northeast played the part of Shen Baoxu in desperate appeal. Our court honored his loyalty, remembered the friendship of generations, and put recent quarrels aside—then we marched in force and swept the vermin away. The day we entered the capital we first restored the posthumous honors of the late emperor and empress and laid them to rest in imperial tombs by full rite. Princes and generals of every rank kept their former titles without diminution. Nobles and civil and military officers alike remain at court, treated with added honor. Fields were tilled and markets stayed open—not a blade of grass was touched. We were preparing, once the autumn air turned clear and crisp, to send generals westward; to proclaim our cause in the south, join arms with the north, marshal our forces, and with one heart avenge your lord's death and display our court's virtue. Yet the gentlemen of the south seem content with each passing day, blind to the tides of events, chasing hollow fame while forgetting real peril. I am deeply puzzled! Our state has pacified Yanjing—we took it from the rebels, not from the Ming. The rebels desecrated the Ming ancestral shrines and humiliated your dead. Our state spared neither expense nor effort to avenge that shame on your behalf. What filial son or humane gentleman would not feel bound to repay such a debt? And now, while rebels still evade final punishment and our armies pause to regroup, you would seize Jiangnan for yourselves and play the fisherman watching others fight. By any measure of reason, can this be called just? Do you imagine the Yangtze cannot be crossed, that a thrown whip can break its current? The rebel troubled the Ming alone; he had done our state no wrong. We acted only because all under heaven shared the enmity, extending justice on principle. If you now proclaim an emperor of your own, there will be two suns in the sky—and you will be our declared enemies. I shall withdraw the elite forces I had meant for the west and turn them eastward, and I even propose to lift the heavy sentences on them and appoint them as our vanguard. When all China's strength has been pinned down by rebellion, can a single stretch east of the Yangtze bear the weight of a great empire? The outcome scarcely needs an oracle to tell. I have heard that the gentleman cares for others through virtue, while the petty man does so through indulgence. If you gentlemen truly read the times and accept heaven's decree, hold fast to loyalty toward your former sovereign, and care deeply for that worthy prince, you ought to urge him to renounce his imperial title and return to vassalage, securing lasting rank and blessings. The court would receive him as an honored guest in the manner of Yu, continue the customary gifts, grant him an eternal fief with mountains and rivers as his bounds, and rank him above all other princes and marquises—thus fulfilling the court's original purpose of upholding justice, punishing the rebel, and restoring what was lost. As for the worthies of the southern provinces, should you come gracefully to join us, offices of duke and marquis, enfeoffment and lands—there is the precedent of the Prince of the West to follow. I trust Your Excellency will weigh this to real advantage! Lately scholars have been keen to stand on high moral ground without heed to the empire's urgent need; whenever a great matter arises, they argue endlessly like men building a house together. Long ago the Song debated until their armies were already across the river—a warning that should not be forgotten. You, sir, lead the best minds of the age and hold the decisive counsel in your hands—you must surely ponder matters through from first to last; how could you bear to drift with the tide? Whether to follow or resist—this should be settled early. The army will move shortly; it may march west or east. The survival of the southern realm hangs on this single decision. I beg you gentlemen to join in heart in punishing the rebel, not grasp at a moment's personal glory and thereby heap endless disaster upon your former state, becoming the secret laughingstock of traitors—this is my earnest hope! The records say that only the good man can receive words spoken to the full. Respectfully I lay bare my inmost thoughts and await your enlightened reply. The river and sky lie before me; straining to look upon them fills me with longing, and this letter cannot convey all I mean." Kefa soon sent a reply; his language was largely defiant.
19
京師民訛言秋七、八月將東遷，王宣諭當建都燕京，戒民毋信流言搖惑。 又訛言八月屠民； 未幾，又訛言上至京師，將縱東兵肆掠，盡殺老壯，止存孩赤。 王復宣諭曰：「民乃國之本，爾曹既誠心歸服，復以何罪而戮之？ 爾曹試思，今上攜將士家屬不下億萬，與之俱來者何故？ 為安燕京軍民也。 昨將東來各官內，命十餘員為督、撫、司、道等官者何故？ 為統一天下也。 已將盛京帑銀取至百餘萬，後又轉運不絕者何故？ 為供爾京城內外兵民之用也。 且予不忍山、陝百姓受害，發兵追剿，猶恨未能速定，豈能不愛京城軍民，反行殺戮？ 此所目擊，何故妄布流言？ 是必近京土寇，流賊間諜，有意煽惑搖動，已諭各部嚴捕。 通行曉諭，以安眾心。」
In the capital rumor spread that in the seventh or eighth month of autumn the court would move east again. The Prince issued a proclamation that the capital was to be established at Yanjing and warned the people not to believe rumors meant to unsettle them. There was also a rumor that in the eighth month the populace would be massacred; Before long another rumor claimed that when the Emperor reached the capital he would let eastern troops plunder at will, slaughtering every adult and leaving only children. The Prince issued another proclamation: "The people are the foundation of the state. Since you have submitted in good faith, on what charge would we slaughter you? Consider: the present Emperor has brought with him the households of soldiers and officers—no fewer than a hundred million people—why have they all come? To settle Yanjing and secure the army and people. Yesterday, among the officials sent from the east, why were more than ten appointed governors, provincial commissioners, and the like? To unify the empire under one rule. Why has more than a million taels of treasury silver been brought from Mukden, with shipments continuing without cease? To supply the needs of soldiers and civilians inside and outside the capital. Moreover, I cannot bear to see the people of Shanxi and Shaanxi suffer, and have sent troops in pursuit—yet I regret we have not pacified them more quickly. How then could I fail to care for the army and people of the capital, and instead turn to slaughter? These are things you have seen with your own eyes—why spread false rumors? This must be the work of local bandits near the capital and rebel spies, deliberately stirring unrest; I have ordered every department to hunt them down strictly. The order was circulated to reassure the public."
20
九月，上入山海關，王率諸王羣臣迎於通州。 上至京師，封為叔父攝政王，賜貂蟒朝衣。 十月乙卯朔，上即位，以王功高，命禮部尚書郎球、侍郎藍拜、啟心郎渥赫建碑紀績，加賜冊寶、黑狐冠一、上飾東珠十三、黑狐裘一，副以金、銀、馬、駝。 二年，鄭親王等議上攝政王儀制，視諸王有加禮。 王曰：「上前未敢違禮，他可如議。」 翌日入朝，諸臣跪迎，命還輿，責大學士剛林等曰：「此上朝門，諸臣何故跪我？」 御史趙開心疏言：「王以皇叔之親，兼攝政王之尊，臣民寧肯自外於拜舞？ 第王恩皆上恩，羣臣謁王，正當限以禮數，與朝見不同。 庶諸臣不失尊王之意，亦全王尊上之心。 上稱叔父攝政王，王為上叔父，惟上得稱之。 若臣庶宜於叔父上加'皇'字，庶辨上下，尊體制。」 下禮部議行。 其年六月，豫親王克揚州，可法死之，遂破明南都。 閏六月，英親王逐李自成至武昌，東下九江，故明寧南侯降，江南底定。 十月，上賜王馬，王入謝，詔曰：「遇朝賀大典，朕受王禮。 若小節，勿與諸王同。」 王對曰：「上方幼衝，臣不敢違禮。 待上親政，凡有寵恩，不敢辭。」 王時攝政久，位崇功高，時誡諸臣尊事主上，曰：「俟上春秋鼎盛，將歸政焉。」
In the ninth month the Emperor entered Shanhaiguan; the Prince led the princes and ministers to welcome him at Tongzhou. When the Emperor reached the capital, the Prince was created Imperial Uncle Prince Regent and granted a sable-python court robe. On the first day of the tenth month the Emperor ascended the throne. Because the Prince's merit was great, he ordered Minister of Rites Lang Qiu, Vice Minister Lan Bai, and Kesinlang Wohe to erect a stele recording his achievements, and additionally bestowed patent and seal, a black-fox crown topped with thirteen eastern pearls, a black-fox fur robe, and gold, silver, horses, and camels besides. In the second year Prince Zheng and others proposed ceremonial regulations for the Prince Regent, granting him honors beyond those of other princes. The Prince said: "Before the Emperor I dare not transgress protocol; in other matters, your proposal may stand." The next day he attended court; the ministers knelt to greet him, and he ordered his sedan returned and rebuked Grand Secretaries Ganglin and others: "This is the Emperor's court gate—why do you kneel to me?" Censor Zhao Kaixin submitted a memorial: "The Prince holds the rank of imperial uncle and the dignity of regent—would officials and people willingly stand apart from obeisance? Yet the Prince's grace is the Emperor's grace; when ministers call upon the Prince, protocol ought to set limits, distinct from an audience with the throne. Thus ministers would not fail in honoring the Prince, and the Prince would fully preserve his reverence for the Emperor. The Emperor addresses him as Imperial Uncle Prince Regent; the Prince is the Emperor's imperial uncle—only the Emperor may use that form of address. For officials and commoners, the word 'Imperial' should be added before 'Uncle,' thus distinguishing superior and subordinate and upholding proper hierarchy." The order was sent down to the Ministry of Rites to deliberate and implement. In the sixth month of that year Prince Yu captured Yangzhou; Kefa died in its defense, and the southern Ming capital was then taken. In the intercalary sixth month Prince Ying drove Li Zicheng as far as Wuchang, then marched east to Jiujiang; the former Ming Marquis of Pacifying the South surrendered, and the Jiangnan region was pacified. In the tenth month the Emperor bestowed horses upon the Prince; the Prince entered to give thanks, and an edict said: "At great court ceremonies of congratulation, I shall receive the Prince's salutation. On lesser occasions, do not rank him with the other princes." The Prince replied: "The Emperor is still young; your subject dare not transgress protocol. When Your Majesty comes of age and takes the reins himself, whatever honors you bestow, I will not refuse them." The Prince had held the regency for years; his rank was exalted and his achievements unmatched. He repeatedly urged the ministers to honor and serve the sovereign, saying, "When the Emperor reaches his prime, I shall surrender the government to him."
21
初，肅親王怨王不立己，有郄英豫二王與王同母，王視豫親王厚，每寬假之。 豫親王之徵蘇尼特也，王送之出安定門。 及歸，迎之烏蘭諾爾。 集諸大臣，語以豫親王功懋，宜封輔政叔王，因罷鄭親王輔政，以授豫親王。 肅親王既平四川，王摘其微罪，置之死。
At first Prince Su resented the Prince for not placing him on the throne. Prince Ying and Prince Yu were his uterine brothers; the Prince favored Prince Yu deeply and always indulged him. When Prince Yu marched against the Sonid, the Prince escorted him out through Anding Gate. On his return the Prince went to Ulan Nor to welcome him. He summoned the grand ministers and declared that Prince Yu's service merited the title Prince Regent Uncle; he then removed Prince Zheng from the regency and gave that office to Prince Yu. After Prince Su had pacified Sichuan, the Prince seized on a minor offense and had him executed.
22
四年十二月，王以風疾不勝跪拜，從諸王大臣議，獨賀正旦上前行禮，他悉免。
In the twelfth month of the fourth year the Prince was stricken with paralysis and could no longer kneel and bow. At the princes' and ministers' urging he alone offered New Year's greetings before the Emperor; all other rites were excused.
23
五年十一月，南郊禮成，赦詔曰：「叔父攝政王治安天下，有大勳勞，宜加殊禮，以崇功德，尊為皇父攝政王。 凡詔疏皆書之。」
In the eleventh month of the fifth year, after the southern suburban sacrifice, an amnesty edict declared: "The Imperial Uncle Prince Regent has brought order to the realm and rendered incomparable service. Extraordinary honors are due to exalt his merit—let him be styled Imperial Father Prince Regent. All edicts and memorials shall bear this title."
24
六年二月，自將討大同叛將姜瓖，拔渾源。 聞豫親王病痘，先歸。 諭瓖降，未下。 以師行在外，鑄行在印。 禁諸王及內大臣干預部院政事及漢官升降，不論所言是非，皆治罪。 七月，复徵大同，瓖將楊振威斬瓖降。 十月，移師討喀爾喀二楚呼爾，徵敖漢、扎嚕特、察哈爾、烏喇特、土默特、四子部落以兵來會。 至喀屯布拉克，不見敵，乃還。 十二月，王妃博爾濟吉特氏薨，以冊寶追封為敬孝忠恭正宮元妃。
In the second month of the sixth year he took the field in person against Jiang Xiang, the rebel commander at Datong, and captured Hunyuan. When he learned that Prince Yu had taken ill with smallpox, he hurried back ahead of the army. He called on Jiang Xiang to surrender, but Datong did not fall. Because the army was in the field, he had a traveling imperial seal cast. He forbade princes and inner ministers to meddle in the ministries or in the appointment and dismissal of Han officials; whether their advice was sound or not, all offenders were punished. In the seventh month he marched on Datong again; Jiang Xiang's general Yang Zhenwei killed Jiang and surrendered. In the tenth month he turned his army against the Khalkha chief Erchughur and called up the Ao Han, Jalut, Chakhar, Urat, Tumet, and Four Ordos tribes to join him with their forces. He reached Ketun Bulag, found no enemy, and withdrew. In the twelfth month the Prince's Borjigit consort died; by patent and seal she was posthumously created Primary Consort of the Inner Palace with the honorific Jingxiao Zhonggong.
25
七年正月，王納肅王福金，福金，妃女弟也。 复徵女朝鮮。 令部事不須題奏者，付巽親王滿達海、端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪料理。 五月，率諸王貝勒獵於山海關，朝鮮送女至，王迎於連山，成婚。 复獵於中後所，責隨獵王貝勒行列不整，罰鍰有差。 七月，諭以京城當夏溽暑不可堪，擇地築城避暑。 令戶部加派直隸、山西、浙江、山東、江南、河南、湖廣、江西、陝西九省地丁銀二百四十九萬兩有奇，輸京師備工用。 八月，王尊所生母太祖妃烏喇納拉氏為孝烈恭敏獻哲仁和讚天儷聖武皇后，祔太廟。
In the first month of the seventh year the Prince took Fujin, Prince Su's former consort—she was the younger sister of his own late consort. He again demanded a bride from Korea. Routine ministry business not requiring memorials to the throne he delegated to Prince Xun Mandahai, Prince Duanshong Boluo, and Prince Jingjin Nikan. In the fifth month he led the princes and beile on a hunt at Shanhaiguan; when Korea delivered the bride, the Prince received her at Lianshan and the marriage was celebrated. He hunted again at Zhonghousuo, rebuked the princes and beile for falling out of formation, and imposed fines in varying amounts. In the seventh month he announced that the capital's summer heat was unbearable and ordered a site chosen for building a retreat city. He ordered the Ministry of Revenue to levy an additional land-and-poll tax of more than 2.49 million taels of silver across Zhili, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangnan, Henan, Huguang, Jiangxi, and Shaanxi, to be sent to the capital for the building works. In the eighth month the Prince elevated his birth mother, Taizu consort Ulanara, to Empress Xiaolie Gongmin Xianzhe Renhe Zantian Lisheng Wu and had her enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
26
尋有疾，語貝子錫翰、內大臣席訥布庫等曰：「予罹此大戚，體復不快。 上雖人主，獨不能循家人禮一臨幸乎？ 謂上幼衝，爾等皆親近大臣也。」 既又戒曰：「毋以予言請上臨幸。」 錫翰等出，追止之，不及，上幸王第。 王因責錫翰等，議罪當死，旋命貰之。 十一月，复獵於邊外。 十二月，薨於喀喇城，年三十九。 上聞之，震悼。 喪還，率王大臣縞服迎奠東直門外。 詔追尊為懋德修道廣業定功安民立政誠敬義皇帝，廟號成宗。 明年正月，尊妃為義皇后。 祔太廟。
Soon afterward he fell ill and said to Beizi Xihan, inner minister Shenebu, and the others: "I have suffered this great bereavement, and my health has again failed. The Emperor is sovereign—can he not come even once in the manner of family courtesy? The Emperor is still young—you are all his closest ministers." Then he added a warning: "Do not use my words to ask the Emperor to visit." Xihan and the others had barely left when someone ran after them to stop them—but too late; the Emperor had already come to the Prince's residence. The Prince rebuked Xihan and the others; on deliberation their offense merited death, but he soon pardoned them. In the eleventh month he hunted again beyond the frontier. In the twelfth month he died at Kala City, aged thirty-nine. When the Emperor heard the news, he was stricken with grief. When the coffin returned, he led princes and ministers in unhemmed hemp mourning to receive and mourn the Prince outside Dongzhi Gate. An edict posthumously honored him as Emperor Maode Xiudao Guangye Dinggong Anmin Lizheng Chengjing Yi, with the temple name Chengzong. In the first month of the following year his consort was honored as Empress Yi. She was enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
27
王無子，以豫親王子多爾博為後，襲親王，俸視諸王三倍，詔留護近侍蘇克薩哈、詹岱為議政大臣。 二月，蘇克薩哈、詹岱訐告王薨時，其侍女吳爾庫尼將殉，請以王所製八補黃袍、大東珠素珠、黑貂褂置棺內。 王在時，欲以兩固山駐永平，謀篡大位。 固山額真譚泰亦言王納肅王福金，復令肅王子至第較射，何洛會以惡言詈之。 於是鄭親王濟爾哈朗、巽親王滿達海、端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪及內大臣等疏言：「昔太宗文皇帝龍馭上賓，諸王大臣共矢忠誠，翊戴皇上。 方在衝年，令臣濟爾哈朗與睿親王多爾袞同輔政。 逮後多爾袞獨擅威權，不令濟爾哈朗預政，遂以母弟多鐸為輔政叔王。 背誓肆行，妄自尊大，自稱皇父攝政王。 凡批票本章，一以皇父攝政王行之。 儀仗、音樂、侍從、府第，僭擬至尊。 擅稱太宗文皇帝序不當立，以挾制皇上。 構陷威逼，使肅親王不得其死，遂納其妃，且收其財產。 更悖理入生母於太廟。 僭妄不可枚舉。 臣等從前畏威吞聲，今冒死奏聞，伏原重加處治。」 詔削爵，撤廟享，並罷孝烈武皇后諡號廟享，黜宗室，籍財產入官，多爾博歸宗。 十二年，吏科副理事官彭長庚、一等精奇尼哈番許爾安各疏頌王功，請復爵號，下王大臣議，長庚、爾安坐論死，詔流寧古塔。
The Prince had no sons; Prince Yu's son Dorgobo was adopted as his heir, inherited the princedom, and received triple the stipend of other princes. An edict retained his close attendants Suksaha and Zhandai as deliberative ministers. In the second month Suksaha and Zhandai accused him, reporting that at his death the maidservant Wu'erkuni was about to follow him in death and had asked that an eight-panel yellow robe, a large plain eastern pearl, and a black sable jacket of the Prince's making be placed in the coffin. While he lived, the Prince had planned to station two banners at Yongping and seize the throne. The banners ejen Tan Tai also testified that the Prince had taken Prince Su's consort Fujin, summoned Prince Su's son to his residence for an archery contest, and that Heluen had reviled the boy with foul abuse. Thereupon Prince Zheng Jirhalang, Prince Xun Mandahai, Prince Duanshong Boluo, Prince Jingjin Nikan, and the inner ministers submitted a memorial: "When the Taizong Emperor Wen departed this life, the princes and ministers pledged their loyalty and raised the Emperor to the throne. The Emperor was still a child; your subject Jirhalang and Prince Rui Dorgon were ordered to govern jointly as regents. Later Dorgon seized power for himself, barred Jirhalang from government, and installed his uterine brother Dodo as Prince Regent Uncle. He broke his oath and acted with impunity, arrogantly exalted himself, and styled himself Imperial Father Prince Regent. Every endorsement on submitted memorials was issued solely as the Imperial Father Regent. His guard of honor, court music, retinue, and mansion all aped those reserved for the emperor. He presumed to declare Taizong's succession illegitimate, using this claim to hold the emperor hostage. By fabricated accusations and intimidation he drove Prince Su to an unjust death, took the prince's consort for himself, and confiscated his estate. He went further still, in brazen defiance of propriety, by enshrining his own mother in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. His usurpations and arrogance are too numerous to list. We once feared his power and kept silent; now we risk our lives to bring this before Your Majesty and humbly pray that he receive the full weight of punishment." An edict then stripped him of his rank, ended his temple rites, and revoked Empress Xiaoliewu's posthumous honors and temple sacrifices as well. He was cast out of the imperial clan, his property was seized for the treasury, and Dorbod was restored to his birth lineage. In the twelfth year, Peng Changgeng, associate deputy director in the Office of Personnel Review, and Xu Er'an, a first-class jingqi niha fan, each submitted memorials praising the prince's service and asking that his titles be restored. The case was sent to the princes and grand ministers for review. Changgeng and Er'an were condemned to death, but an edict sent them into exile at Ningguta instead.
28
乾隆三十八年，高宗詔曰：「睿親王多爾袞攝政有年，威福自專，歿後其屬人首告，入關，肅清京輦，檄定中原，前勞未可盡泯。 今其後嗣？ 定罪除封。 第念定鼎之初，王實統廢絕，塋域榛蕪，殊堪憫惻。 交內務府派員繕葺，並令近支王公以時祭掃。」 四十三年正月，又詔曰：「睿親王多爾袞掃蕩賊氛，肅清宮禁。 分遣諸王，追殲流寇，撫定疆陲。 創制規模，皆所經畫。 尋奉世祖車駕入都，成一統之業，厥功最著。 歿後為蘇克薩哈所構，首告誣以謀逆。 其時世祖尚在衝齡，未嘗親政，經諸王定罪除封。 朕念王果萌異志，兵權在握，何事不可為？ 乃不於彼時因利乘便，直至身後始以斂服僭用龍袞，證為覬覦，有是理乎？ 實錄載：'王集諸王大臣，遣人傳語曰：「今觀諸王大臣但知媚予，鮮能尊上，予豈能容此？ 昔太宗升遐，嗣君未立，英王、豫王跪請予即尊，予曰：'若果如此言，予即當自刎。』 誓死不從，遂奉今上即位。 似此危疑之日，以予為君，予尚不可； 今乃不敬上而媚予，予何能容？ 自今後有忠於上者，予用之愛之； 其不忠於上者，雖媚予，予不爾宥。」 且云：「太宗恩育予躬，所以特異於諸子弟者，蓋深信諸子弟之成立，惟予能成立之。」 '朕每覽實錄至此，未嘗不為之墮淚。 則王之立心行事，實為篤忠藎，感厚恩，明君臣大義。 乃由宵小奸謀，構成？ 獄，豈可不為之昭雪？ 宜復還睿親王封號，追諡曰忠，配享太廟。 依親王園寢制，修其塋墓，令太常寺春秋致祭。 其爵世襲罔替。」
In Qianlong 38, the Qianlong Emperor issued an edict: "Prince Rui Dorgon had held the regency for years and kept power to himself; after his death his own followers turned accuser. Yet in entering the pass, clearing the capital, and proclaiming order across the Central Plain, his earlier achievements cannot be wholly forgotten. As for his descendants today? They were convicted and stripped of their titles. Yet at the dynasty's founding his line was truly extinguished, and his grave now lies overgrown and forsaken—a sight that moves one to pity. The Imperial Household Department shall send officials to restore the tomb, and closely related princes and dukes shall tend it with seasonal offerings." In the first month of the forty-third year, another edict declared: "Prince Rui Dorgon cleared away the rebel threat and secured the palace. He sent the princes in separate forces to hunt down the roving rebels and pacify the borderlands. The institutions and framework of the new order were largely of his design. He then escorted the Shunzhi Emperor into the capital and brought the work of unification to completion; among all contributors, his service stood foremost. After his death Suksaha framed him, lodging a first accusation that falsely charged him with treason. The Shunzhi Emperor was still a child and had not yet taken power in his own right; the princes convicted Dorgon and stripped his titles. I ask myself: if the prince truly nursed rebellious designs, with the army in his hand, what could he not have done? Why did he not seize the moment when he held every advantage, only to be accused after death of coveting the throne because his burial garments presumptuously bore the dragon robe—is that credible? The Veritable Records record: 'The prince summoned the princes and grand ministers and sent word: "I see among you only flattery toward me and little respect for the sovereign—how can I abide this? When Taizong passed away and no heir had yet been named, Prince Ying and Prince Yu knelt and begged me to take the throne myself. I said, 'If you truly mean that, I shall cut my own throat here and now.' Swearing he would rather die than accept, he then installed the present emperor on the throne. On a day so perilous and uncertain, even making me sovereign I would not accept; and now you withhold respect from the sovereign and fawn on me instead—how can I tolerate it? From this day on, whoever is loyal to the sovereign I shall employ and favor; whoever is disloyal to the sovereign, though he flatters me, I shall not pardon." He also said: "Taizong raised me with special favor; the reason he singled me out among his sons was his deep trust that only I could see them all safely established." Whenever I read the Veritable Records to this passage, I am always moved to tears. The prince's heart and actions were truly steeped in loyal devotion—grateful for great favor and clear on the bond between sovereign and subject. Yet petty villains' treachery fabricated— a treason case—how can his name not be cleared? His Prince Rui title should be restored, he should receive the posthumous epithet Loyal, and be granted a place in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Following the regulations for princely garden tombs, his grave shall be restored, and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices shall offer spring and autumn sacrifices. The title shall pass in perpetuity from heir to heir."
29
多爾博歸宗封貝勒，命仍還為王后，以其五世孫輔國公淳穎襲爵。 四世祖鎮國公蘇爾發、曾祖輔國公塞勒、祖輔國恪勤公功宜布先已進封信郡王，至是與淳穎父信恪郡王如松並追封睿親王。 嘉慶五年，淳穎薨。 諡曰恭。 子寶恩，襲。 七年五月，薨，諡曰慎。 弟瑞恩，襲。 道光六年，薨，諡曰勤。 子仁壽，襲。 道光九年，上巡盛京謁陵，追念忠王，推恩賜三眼花翎。 同治三年，薨，諡曰僖。 子德長，襲。 光緒二年，薨，諡曰愨。 子魁斌，襲。
Dorbod, who had been returned to his birth lineage and enfeoffed as a beile, was now ordered restored to the Prince Rui title; his fifth-generation descendant, Defender of the State Duke Chunying, inherited the rank. Chunying's fourth-generation ancestor Su'erfa, Defender of the Realm Duke; his great-grandfather Saile, Defender of the State Duke; and his grandfather Gong Yibu, Defender of the State Duke the Diligent—all had earlier been promoted to Prince Xinjun. Now, together with Chunying's father Rusong, Prince of the Second Rank the Trustworthy and Respectful, they were posthumously created Prince Rui. In Jiaqing 5, Chunying died. He received the posthumous epithet Respectful. His son Bao'en inherited the title. In the fifth month of the seventh year he died and received the posthumous epithet Cautious. His younger brother Rui'en inherited the title. In Daoguang 6 he died and received the posthumous epithet Diligent. His son Renshou inherited the title. In Daoguang 9, when the emperor toured Shengjing to visit the tombs, he remembered the Loyal Prince and, as a mark of grace, bestowed the three-eyed peacock feather. In Tongzhi 3 he died and received the posthumous epithet Merry. His son Dechang inherited the title. In Guangxu 2 he died and received the posthumous epithet Sincere. His son Kuibin inherited the title.
30
豫通親王多鐸，太祖第十五子。 初封貝勒。
Dodo, Prince Yu the Penetrating, was the fifteenth son of Taizu. He was first enfeoffed as a beile.
31
天聰二年，從太宗伐多羅特部有功，賜號額爾克楚呼爾。
In Tiancong 2 (1628), he followed Hong Taiji against the Dorot and was rewarded with the honorific Erke Chuhor for his service.
32
三年，從上伐明，自龍井關入，偕莽古爾泰、多爾袞以偏師降漢兒莊城。 會大軍克遵化，薄明都。 廣渠門之役，多鐸以幼留後，明潰兵來犯，擊卻之。 師還，次薊州，复擊破明援兵。
The next year he marched against Ming with the khan, entered through Longjing Pass, and with Manggu'ertai and Dorgon led a flanking force that brought Han'erzhuang to surrender. When the main army took Zunhua, the invasion force drew close to Beijing. At the Battle of Guangqu Gate, the young Dodo was left in the rear. When routed Ming troops attacked, he beat them back. On the return march, the army stopped at Jizhou, where he again routed Ming reinforcements.
33
五年，從圍大凌河城，為正白旗後應，克近城台堡。 明兵出錦州，屯小凌河岸，上率二百騎馳擊，明兵走。 多鐸逐之，薄錦州，墜馬，馬逸入敵陣，乃奪軍校馬乘以還。
In the fifth year he joined the siege of Daling River, acting as rearguard for the Plain White Banner and taking the outlying tower forts. Ming troops sallied from Jinzhou and encamped on the Xiao Ling River. The khan led two hundred horsemen in a dash against them and put them to flight. Dodo pursued them to the walls of Jinzhou. He was thrown from his horse when it bolted into the enemy lines, but seized a commander's mount and fought his way back.
34
六年，從伐察哈爾，將右翼兵，俘其眾千餘
In the sixth year he campaigned against the Chakhar at the head of the right wing and took more than a thousand captives.
35
七年，詔問徵明及朝鮮、察哈爾三者何先，多鐸言：「我軍非怯於戰，豈可必得？ 夫攻山海關與攻燕京，等攻耳。 臣以為宜直入關，庶饜士卒望，亦久遠計也。 且相機審時，古今同然。 我軍若弛而敵有備，何隙之可乘？ 吾何愛於明而必言和？ 亦念士卒勞苦，姑為委蛇。 倘時可乘，何待再計。 至察哈爾，且勿加兵； 朝鮮已和，亦勿遽絕。 當先圖其大者。」
In the seventh year an edict asked whether Ming, Korea, or the Chakhar should be attacked first. Dodo replied: "Our army is not afraid to fight—yet how can we be sure of victory? Attacking Shanhaiguan and attacking Yanjing are one and the same. I believe we should drive straight through the pass to satisfy the troops' longing for victory and to serve our long-term interests. Seizing the opportune moment has always been the rule, past and present alike. If we slacken while the enemy stands ready, what opening will there be for us to exploit? Why should I be fond of Ming and insist on talking peace? I only consider the soldiers' hardship and therefore temporize for now. When the moment is ripe, why hesitate to act? As for the Chakhar, do not commit troops against them for now; Korea is already at peace with us—do not cut off relations rashly. We should strike first at the main prize."
36
八年，從上略宣府，自巴顏珠爾克進。 尋攻龍門，未下，趨保安，克之。 謁上應州。 复略朔州，經五台山，還。 敗明兵大同。
In the eighth year he joined the khan in raiding Xuanfu, advancing from Bayanzhu'erke. He then attacked Longmen but failed to take it, turned toward Bao'an, and captured the city. He reported to the khan at Yingzhou. He raided Shuozhou again, marched through the Wutai Mountains, and returned. He routed Ming forces at Datong.
37
九年，上遣諸貝勒伐明，徇山西，命多鐸率師入寧、錦綴明師。 遂自廣寧入，遣固山額真阿山、石廷柱率兵四百前驅。 祖大壽合錦州、松山兵三千五百屯大凌河西，多鐸率所部馳擊之，大壽兵潰。 命分道追擊，一至錦州，一至松山，斬獲無算。 翌日，克台一，還駐廣寧。 師還，上出懷遠門五里迎勞，賜良馬五、甲五。 上嘉之曰：「朕幼弟初專閫，即能制勝，是可嘉也！」
In the ninth year the khan sent the beiles against Ming to sweep Shanxi and ordered Dodo to march into Ning and Jin to tie down Ming reinforcements. He entered from Guangning and sent the banners ejen Ashan and Shi Tingzhu ahead with four hundred men. Zu Dashou mustered thirty-five hundred men from Jinzhou and Songshan and encamped west of the Daling River. Dodo charged with his division and smashed Zu Dashou's force. He split his forces in pursuit—one column toward Jinzhou, one toward Songshan—inflicting countless casualties and captures. The next day he took one tower fort and withdrew to Guangning. On the army's return the khan rode out five li beyond Huaiyuan Gate to welcome them, bestowing five fine horses and five suits of armor. The khan praised him: "My young brother, given sole command for the first time, won a clear victory—this is truly admirable!"
38
崇德元年四月，封豫親王，掌禮部事。 從伐朝鮮，自沙河堡領兵千人繼噶布什賢兵，至朝鮮都城。 朝鮮全羅、忠清二道援兵至南漢山，多鐸擊敗之，收其馬千餘。 揚古利為殘兵所賊，捕得其人，斬以祭。 三年，伐錦州，自蒙古扎袞博倫界分率巴牙喇及土默特兵入明境，克大興堡，俘其居民，道遇明諜，擒之。 詔與鄭親王濟爾哈朗軍會，經中後所，大壽以兵來襲，我軍傷九人，亡馬三十。 多鐸且戰且走，夜達鄭親王所，合師薄中後所城。 上統師至，敵不敢出。 四年五月，上御崇政殿，召多鐸戒諭之，數其罪，下諸王、貝勒、大臣議，削爵，奪所屬入官。 上命降貝勒，罰銀萬，奪其奴僕、牲畜三之一，予睿親王多爾袞。 尋命掌兵部。 十月，伐寧遠，擊斬明總兵金國鳳。
In the fourth month of Chongde 1 he was created Prince Yu and given charge of the Ministry of Rites. On the Korean campaign he led a thousand men from Shahebao to reinforce the vanguard column and marched to the Korean capital. When Korean reinforcements from Jeolla and Chungcheong reached Nanhansan, Dodo routed them and captured more than a thousand horses. Remnant troops killed Yangguli; Dodo seized the culprits and executed them as blood offerings at his grave. In the third year, on the Jinzhou campaign, he led the Baturu guard and Tumed troops into Ming territory from the Mongol border at Zhagun Bolun, took Daxing Fort and its people, and captured a Ming spy encountered en route. Ordered to rendezvous with Prince Zheng Jirhalang, he passed through Zhonghousuo, where Zu Dashou attacked. Nine of his men were wounded and thirty horses lost. Dodo fought a fighting retreat and by night reached Prince Zheng's camp. The combined forces then advanced on Zhonghousuo. When the khan arrived at the head of the main army, the enemy dared not sally forth. In the fifth month of the fourth year the khan appeared at the Chongzheng Hall, summoned Dodo to reprimand him, listed his offenses, and referred the case to the princes, beiles, and ministers. His title was stripped and his property confiscated. The khan demoted him to beile, fined him ten thousand taels, confiscated a third of his slaves, servants, and livestock, and transferred them to Prince Rui Dorgon. He was soon afterward given charge of the Ministry of War. In the tenth month he marched on Ningyuan, attacked, and killed the Ming commander Jin Guofeng.
39
五年三月，命與鄭親王濟爾哈朗率師修義州城，駐兵屯田，並擾明山海關外，毋使得耕稼。 五月，上臨視。 附明蒙古多羅特部蘇班岱降，上命偕鄭親王以兵迎之，經錦州杏山，明兵來追，奮擊敗之，賜禦？ 良馬一。 圍錦州，夜伏兵桑阿爾齋堡，旦，敵至，敗之，追至塔山，斬八十餘級，獲馬二十。 六年三月，复圍錦州，環城立八營，鑿壕以困之。 大壽城守蒙古將諾木齊約降，師縋以入，擊大壽，挈降者出，置之義州。 明援兵自杏山至松山，多鐸與鄭親王率兩翼兵伏錦州南山西岡及松山北嶺，縱噶布什賢兵誘敵，夾擊，大敗之。
In the third month of the fifth year he was ordered to join Prince Zheng Jirhalang in repairing the walls of Yizhou, stationing troops for garrison farming, and raiding beyond Shanhaiguan so the Ming could not bring in their crops. In the fifth month the khan came in person to inspect the works. Subutai of the Dorot Mongols who had been attached to Ming submitted. The khan ordered Dodo to join Prince Zheng with troops to escort him in. Near Xingshan outside Jinzhou, Ming forces gave chase; they fought back fiercely and routed them, earning an imperial reward. The reward was one fine horse from the imperial stables. While investing Jinzhou they hid troops overnight at Sang'arzha Fort. At dawn the enemy came up and was beaten; the pursuit carried to Tashan, where more than eighty heads were taken and twenty horses captured. In the third month of the sixth year they again invested Jinzhou, ringed the city with eight camps, and dug trenches to starve it out. Nomochi, a Mongol officer holding the city for Zu Dashou, agreed to defect. Our men lowered him in by rope, struck at Dashou, brought the turncoat out, and resettled him at Yizhou. Ming reinforcements marched from Xingshan toward Songshan. Dodo and Prince Zheng posted the two wings in ambush on the western spur of Jinzhou's southern hills and on Songshan's northern ridge, sent vanguard cavalry to draw the enemy in, and crushed them in a pincer.
40
洪承疇以十三萬援錦州，上自盛京馳六日抵松山，環城而營，明兵震怖，宵遁。 多鐸伏兵道旁，明總兵吳三桂、王朴自杏山奔寧遠，我軍追及於高橋，伏發，三桂等僅以身免。 嗣與諸王更番圍松山，屢破敵。
Hong Chengchou marched to relieve Jinzhou with a hundred and thirty thousand men. The khan rode hard from Shenyang and reached Songshan in six days, encircled the city with camps, and the Ming army broke in terror and fled overnight. Dodo hid troops along the road. When Ming commanders Wu Sangui and Wang Pu fled from Xingshan toward Ningyuan, our forces caught them at Gaoqiao; the ambush closed and Sangui and his companions escaped only with their lives. Afterward he and the other princes took turns investing Songshan and repeatedly broke the enemy.
41
七年二月，明松山副將夏承德遣人通款，以其子舒為質，約內應，夜半，我軍梯而登，獲承疇及巡撫邱民仰等。 敘功，進豫郡王。 复布屯寧遠邊外綴明師，俘獲甚夥。
In the second month of the seventh year the Ming vice commander at Songshan, Xia Chengde, sent envoys to treat; he gave his son Shu as hostage and arranged an inside opening. At midnight our men went up on ladders and took Chengchou, along with Grand Coordinator Qiu Minyang and others. When merits were reckoned, he was promoted to Prince of the Commandery of Yu. He again posted troops beyond the Ningyuan frontier to tie down Ming columns, and the haul of prisoners and booty was immense.
42
順治元年四月，從睿親王多爾袞入關，破李自成，進親王。 命為定國大將軍，南征，定懷慶。 進次孟津，遣巴牙喇纛章京圖賴率兵先渡，自成守將走，沿河十五寨堡皆降。 再進次陝州，克靈寶。 再進，距潼關二十里，自成兵據山列營，噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦努山及圖賴、鄂碩等擊破之。
In the fourth month of Shunzhi 1 he followed Prince Rui Dorgon through the pass, broke Li Zicheng, and was raised to full prince. He was named Grand General for Settling the Realm, marched south, and secured Huaiqing. The army pushed on to Mengjin. Dodo sent Bujantai Banner Commander Tulai ahead to cross the river first; Zicheng's garrison commander fled, and fifteen fortified posts along the bank surrendered. Pressing on, the army reached Shanzhou and took Lingbao. They advanced again to within twenty li of Tong Pass, where Zicheng's men had camped on the heights. Vanguard Commander Nushan, Tulai, Eshuo, and others drove them off.
43
二年正月，自成親率步騎迎戰，師奮擊，殲其步卒，騎卒奔潰。 及夜，屢犯屢北，鑿重壕，立堅壁。 師進，發巨礮迭戰，自成兵三百騎沖我師，貝勒尼堪、貝子尚善等躍馬夾擊，屢破敵壘，屍滿壕塹，械冑彌山野，自成精銳略盡，遁歸西安，其將馬世堯率七千人降。 入潼關，獲世堯所遣致自成書，斬以徇。 進次西安，自成先五日毀室廬，挈子女輜重，出藍田口，竄商州，南走湖廣。 二月，詔以陝西賊付英親王阿濟格，趣多鐸自河南趨淮、揚。 師退徇南陽、開封，趨歸德，諸州縣悉降。 所至設官吏，安集流亡。 詔褒多鐸功，賜嵌珠佩刀、䤹金鞓帶。 四月，師進次泗州，渡淮趨揚州，遣兵部尚書漢岱等先驅，得舟三百餘，圍七日，克之，殺明大學士史可法。 五月，師再進，次揚子江北岸，明將鄭鴻逵等以水師守瓜洲、儀真。 師列營相持，造船二百餘，遣固山額真拜音圖將水師薄南岸，復遣梅勒額真李率泰護諸軍渡江。 明福王由崧走太平。 師再進，明忻城伯趙之龍等率文武將吏，籍馬步兵二十三萬有奇，使迎師。
In the first month of the second year Zicheng came out in person with horse and foot. Our army struck hard, wiped out his infantry, and put his cavalry to rout. That night he attacked again and again, each time falling back; he dug deep trenches and threw up strong walls. Our army pressed forward, pounding the lines with heavy guns. Three hundred of Zicheng's horsemen charged in; beile Nikan, beizi Shangshan, and others spurred forward and struck from both flanks, breaking camp after camp until the ditches were choked with dead and arms and armor littered the hills. Zicheng's best troops were all but spent; he fled back to Xi'an while his general Ma Shiyao surrendered with seven thousand men. On entering Tong Pass they seized a letter Shiyao had sent to Zicheng; the messenger was beheaded and the head displayed as a warning. The army reached Xi'an to find that Zicheng, five days before, had burned his quarters, gathered up family and baggage, slipped out through Lantian Pass, fled into Shangzhou, and was already heading south into Huguang. In the second month an edict turned the Shaanxi rebels over to Prince Ying Ajige and ordered Dodo to press from Henan toward the Huai and Yang regions. The army turned back, swept through Nanyang and Kaifeng, pushed on to Guide, and every prefecture and county along the way surrendered. Wherever they went they installed officials and gathered in the displaced. An edict commended Dodo's service and gave him a pearl-inlaid dress dagger and a gold-inlaid girdle belt. In the fourth month the army reached Sizhou, crossed the Huai, and bore down on Yangzhou. Minister of War Handai and others went ahead, gathered more than three hundred boats, and after a seven-day siege took the city and killed Ming Grand Secretary Shi Kefa. In the fifth month the army pushed on again and camped on the north bank of the Yangzi, where Ming commanders such as Zheng Hongkui held Guazhou and Yizhen with a naval force. The armies faced each other in camp. More than two hundred boats were built; Gushan ejen Bayintu was sent with the fleet to press the south bank, and mele ejen Li Shuaitai was sent to cover the crossing. The Ming Prince of Fu, Zhu Yousong, fled to Taiping. The army pressed on again. Zhao Zhilong, Earl of Xincheng, and other Ming civil and military leaders mustered more than two hundred thirty thousand horse and foot and sent them out to receive our forces.
44
多鐸至南京，承製受其降，撫輯遺民。 遣貝勒尼堪、貝子屯齊徇太平，追擊明福王。 福王復走蕪湖，圖賴等邀之江口，擊殺明將黃得功，獲福王。 捷聞，上遣侍臣慰勞。 明潞王常淓守杭州，遣貝勒博洛率師討之，潞王降。 江、浙底定。 多鐸承製改南京為江南省，疏請授江寧、安慶巡撫以下官。 別遣精奇尼哈番吳兆勝徇廬江、和州，並下。 詔遣貝勒勒克德渾代鎮江寧，召多鐸還京師。 上幸南苑行郊勞禮，進封德豫親王，賜黑狐冠、紫貂朝服、金五千、銀五萬、馬十、鞍二。
Dodo entered Nanjing, received the imperial patent, accepted the surrender, and set about calming the people left behind. He sent beile Nikan and beizi Tunqi through Taiping in pursuit of the Ming Prince of Fu. The Prince of Fu fled again to Wuhu. Tulai and others cut him off at the river mouth, killed the Ming commander Huang Degong, and took the prince. When word of the victory arrived, the emperor sent palace attendants with congratulations. The Ming Prince of Lu, Zhu Changfang, held Hangzhou. Dodo sent beile Boluo against him, and the Prince of Lu submitted. Jiangnan and Zhejiang were brought to order. Acting by imperial mandate, Dodo renamed Nanjing as Jiangnan Province and memorialized to appoint officials down to the grand coordinators of Jiangning and Anqing. He also sent jingkiniha Wu Zhaosheng to sweep Lujiang and Hezhou, and both fell. An edict sent beile Lekedehun to take over the Jiangning garrison and recalled Dodo to the capital. The emperor went to the Southern Park for the suburban ceremony of reward, raised him to Virtuous Prince Yu, and gave him a black-fox cap, a purple-sable court robe, five thousand taels of gold, fifty thousand taels of silver, ten horses, and two saddles.
45
三年，命為揚威大將軍，偕承澤郡王碩塞討蘇尼特部騰機思、騰機特等。 師至盈阿爾察克山，聞騰機思方在袞噶嚕台，疾行三晝夜，敗之於諤特克山，斬台吉茂海。 渡圖拉河，追至布爾哈圖山，斬騰機特子二、騰機思孫三，盡獲其孥。 師次扎濟布喇克，喀爾喀土謝圖汗遣兵二萬，碩雷車臣汗遣兵三萬，迎戰。 我師奮擊，逐北三十餘裡，先後斬級數千，俘千餘，獲駝千九百、馬二萬一千一百、牛萬六千九百、羊十三萬五千三百有奇。 師還，上出安定門迎勞，加賜王鞍馬一。
In the third year he was named Grand General for Displaying Might and, with Prince Chenze Shuosai, marched against Tengjisi, Tengjite, and other Sonid leaders. The army reached Ying'erchake Mountain. Learning that Tengjisi was at Gungarutai, they forced the march for three days and nights, routed him at Etke Mountain, and beheaded taiji Mao Hai. They crossed the Tula River and chased the fugitives to Burhatu Mountain, where they killed two of Tengjite's sons and three of Tengjisi's grandsons and took all their families captive. At Zhajibulake the army was met in battle by twenty thousand men sent by the Khalkha Tushiyetu Khan and thirty thousand sent by the Shulei Sechen Khan. Our army struck hard and chased the broken enemy more than thirty li. Thousands were killed in the running fight, more than a thousand taken alive, and the booty included one thousand nine hundred camels, twenty-one thousand one hundred horses, sixteen thousand nine hundred cattle, and more than one hundred thirty-five thousand sheep. On the army's return the emperor came out through Anding Gate to welcome them and added one princely saddle horse to the rewards.
46
四年，進封為輔政叔德豫親王，賜金千、銀萬、鞍馬二，封冊增錄功勳。
In the fourth year he was raised to Prince Regent Uncle, Virtuous Prince Yu, given one thousand taels of gold, ten thousand taels of silver, and two saddle horses, and his patent of enfeoffment was expanded to record his achievements.
47
六年三月，以痘薨，年三十六。
In the third month of the sixth year he died of smallpox, at the age of thirty-six.
48
九年三月，睿親王既削爵，以同母弟追降郡王。
In the third month of the ninth year, after Prince Rui's title had been revoked, Dodo was posthumously reduced to Prince of the Commandery as Dorgon's younger uterine brother.
49
康熙十年，追諡。
In Kangxi 10 a posthumous title was granted.
50
乾隆四十三年正月，詔配享太廟。
In the first month of Qianlong 43 an edict admitted him to shared sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
51
多鐸子八，有爵者四：多尼、董額、察尼、多爾博、費揚古。 費揚古自三等奉國將軍進封輔國公，坐事，奪爵。
Dodo had eight sons, of whom four held noble rank: Duni, Dong'e, Chani, Duo'erbo, and Feiyanggu. Feiyanggu rose from third-rank Gurgu General to Fuguo Duke, but after a conviction his title was taken away.
52
信宣和郡王多尼，多鐸第一子。 初封郡王。
Duni, Prince Xuanhe of the Commandery, was Dodo's eldest son. He was first created Prince of the Commandery.
53
順治六年十月，襲豫親王。
In the tenth month of Shunzhi 6 he succeeded to the title of Prince Yu.
54
八年，改封信親王。
In the eighth year he was redesignated Prince Xin.
55
九年，降郡王。
In the ninth year he was reduced to Prince of the Commandery.
56
十五年，命為安遠靖寇大將軍，偕平郡王羅科鐸等南征。 師自湖南入貴州，趨安莊走明將白文選。
In the fifteenth year he was named Grand General for Pacifying the Distance and Quelling Bandits and, with Prince of the Commandery Luo Keduo and others, led a southern campaign. The army entered Guizhou from Hunan, bore down on Anzhuang, and put Ming general Bai Wenxuan to flight.
57
十六年正月，薄雲南會城，定國、文選挾桂王走永昌，遣貝勒尚善以師從之，克永昌及騰越。 上使慰勞，賜禦衣、蟒袍及鞍馬、弓矢。
In the first month of the sixteenth year they approached the Yunnan capital. Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan fled with the Prince of Gui to Yongchang, and Duni sent beile Shangshan in pursuit; Yongchang and Tengyue were taken. The emperor sent envoys with words of praise and gave him an imperial robe, a python-patterned robe, saddle horses, and bow and arrows.
58
十七年五月，師還，遣內大臣迎勞。 六月，追論雲南誤坐噶布什賢昂邦瑚理布等磨盤山敗績罪，罰銀五千。
When the army returned in the fifth month of the seventeenth year, a grand secretary was sent out to welcome them. In the sixth month he was retrospectively fined five thousand taels of silver for having wrongly punished gabushi xian angbang Hulibu and others for the defeat at Mopanshan in Yunnan.
59
十八年正月，薨，諡曰宣和。
He died in the first month of the eighteenth year and was posthumously titled Xuanhe.
60
子鄂扎，嗣。 康熙十四年，命為撫遠大將軍，討察哈爾布爾尼。 師次岐爾哈台，诇知布爾尼屯達祿。 鄂扎令留輜重，偕副將軍圖海及梅勒額真吳丹輕騎進。 布爾尼設伏待，命分軍搜山澗，伏發，師與土默特兵合擊破之。 布爾尼督兵列火器以拒，師奮擊，布爾尼大敗； 復收潰卒再戰，又擊殲之，獲馬械無算。 布爾尼以三十騎遁，中途為科爾沁部長沙津射死。 察哈爾平，撫餘黨一千三百餘戶。 師還，上迎勞南苑，詔褒功，賜金百、銀五千。 尋掌宗人府事。
His son E'zha succeeded to the title. In Kangxi 14 he was named Grand General for Pacifying the Distant Regions and sent against the Chakhar leader Burni. The army encamped at Qierhatai, where scouts learned that Burni was stationed at Dalu. E'zha left the supply train behind and pushed forward with deputy general Tu Hai and mele ejen Wu Dan at the head of a light cavalry force. Burni lay in ambush. E'zha sent detachments to sweep the hills and ravines, and when the trap was sprung his men joined Tumed forces in a combined assault that broke the enemy. Burni himself drew up his men behind firearms to hold the line, but after a fierce assault he was routed. Burni rallied his broken troops for a second stand, but they were struck down again; horses and arms were taken in numbers beyond counting. Burni escaped with thirty riders, but on the road Korcin chief Shajin shot him dead. With the Chakhar subdued, more than thirteen hundred remaining households were brought under control. On the army's return the emperor received them at the Southern Park, commended their achievement in an edict, and granted one hundred taels of gold and five thousand taels of silver. He was soon put in charge of the Court of the Imperial Clan.
61
二十九年，副恭親王常寧備噶爾丹。
In the twenty-ninth year he served under Prince Gong Changning in preparations against Galdan.
62
三十五年，從上北征，領正白旗營。
In the thirty-fifth year he joined the emperor's northern expedition and led the Plain White Banner division.
63
三十八年，以惰，解宗人府。
In the thirty-eighth year he was dismissed from the Court of the Imperial Clan for negligence.
64
四十一年，薨，以多鐸子董額襲。
He died in the forty-first year, and Dodo's son Dong'e succeeded.
65
信郡王董額，多鐸第三子。 初封貝勒。
Dong'e, Prince Xin of the Commandery, was Dodo's third son. He was first created a beile.
66
康熙十三年，命為定西大將軍，討叛將王輔臣。 董額遣將梅勒額真赫業等守鳳翔，而率師駐西安。 詔令進駐蘭州，董額未即行，上復命嚴守棧道。 輔臣遣兵毀偏橋，斷棧道。 詔責董額遷延，仍趣攻下平涼、秦州諸路。 董額進克秦州禮縣，逐敵至西和，克清水、伏羌。 復遣安西將軍穆佔取鞏昌，蘭州亦下。 尋與將軍畢力克圖、阿密達會師攻平涼，久未下。
In Kangxi 13 he was named Grand General for Pacifying the West and sent against the rebel general Wang Fuchen. Dong'e left mele ejen He Ye and others to hold Fengxiang and himself encamped the main force at Xi'an. An edict told him to move up and garrison Lanzhou, but Dong'e did not march immediately, and the emperor again ordered the plank roads held firmly. Fuchen sent men to wreck the trestle bridges and sever the plank roads. An edict censured Dong'e for stalling but still pressed him to take Pingliang and the Qinzhou line. Dong'e pushed forward, took Li County in Qinzhou, chased the enemy to Xihe, and captured Qingshui and Fuyao. He next sent Anxi General Mugan to seize Gongchang, and Lanzhou fell as well. He then joined generals Biligetu and Amida in the siege of Pingliang, but the city long held out.
67
十五年，命大學士圖海視師，改授董額固山額真，聽圖海節制。
In the fifteenth year Grand Secretary Tu Hai was sent to take command of the campaign; Dong'e was made gushan ejen and placed under his orders.
68
十六年二月，削貝勒。
In the second month of the sixteenth year his beile title was revoked.
69
三十一年，授正藍旗固山額真。
In the thirty-first year he was made gushan ejen of the Plain Blue Banner.
70
四十二年，襲郡王。 四十五年，薨。 仍坐前罪，不賜卹。 以鄂扎子德昭襲。 雍正間，歷左、右宗正。
In the forty-second year he succeeded to the title of Prince of the Commandery. He died in the forty-fifth year. Because his earlier offense still stood against him, no state funeral gifts were granted. E'zha's son Dezhao succeeded to the title. Under Yongzheng he served in turn as director of the Imperial Clan Court on both the left and the right.
71
乾隆二十七年，薨，諡曰慤。 以多鐸五世孫如松襲。
He died in Qianlong 27 (1762) and was posthumously honored with the epithet Earnest. The title passed to Rusong, Dodo's fifth-generation descendant.
72
如松四世祖多爾博，多鐸第五子。 初出為睿親王多爾袞後。 多爾袞薨後，削爵。 多爾博歸宗，封貝勒。 多爾博生蘇爾發，襲貝子。 蘇爾發生塞勒，塞勒生功宜布，皆襲輔國公。 內大臣，綏遠城、西安將軍。 襲爵，复授都統、右宗正。
Rusong's fourth-generation forebear was Duoerbo, the fifth son of Dodo. He had originally been placed in adoption to succeed Prince Rui Dorgon. When Dorgon died, the ennoblement was revoked. Duoerbo was restored to his birth line and created a beile. Duoerbo's son Su'erfa inherited the title of beizi. Su'erfa was followed by Saile and then Gongyibu; each in turn inherited the dukedom of the state who assists the country. He served as an inner minister and as military commander at Suiyuancheng and Xi'an. Rusong inherited the title and was again appointed banner commander and director of the Imperial Clan Court on the right.
73
三十五年，薨，諡曰恪。 尋以子淳穎襲睿親王，追進封。 具睿親王多爾袞傳。
In the thirty-fifth year he died and received the posthumous epithet Reverent. Soon after, his son Chunying inherited the title of Prince Rui, and Rusong was posthumously promoted in rank. The full account is given in the biography of Prince Rui Dorgon.
74
功宜布初薨，以德昭子修齡襲輔國公，授左宗正。
When Gongyibu died, Xiuling, son of Dezhao, inherited the dukedom and was appointed director of the Imperial Clan Court on the left.
75
四十三年，复襲豫親王。
In the forty-third year he was restored to the title of Prince Yu.
76
五十二年，薨，諡曰良。 子裕豐，襲。
In the fifty-second year he died and was posthumously honored with the epithet Good. His son Yufeng inherited the title.
77
嘉慶十八年，林清之變，所屬有從亂者，坐奪爵。 弟裕興，襲。
In Jiaqing 18 (1813), when the Lin Qing uprising broke out, some of his household joined the rebels, and he was deprived of his title. His younger brother Yuxing inherited the title.
78
二十五年，姦婢，婢自殺。 仁宗諭曰：「國家法令，王公與庶民共之。 裕興不自愛惜，恣意幹紀，且親喪未滿，國服未除，罪孰大焉！」 坐奪爵，幽禁。 三年後釋之。 弟豫全，襲。
In the twenty-fifth year he forced himself on a maidservant, who then took her own life. Emperor Renzong issued an edict: "The laws of the realm bind princes and commoners alike. Yuxing has shown no regard for himself, has wantonly broken the law, and has done so while still in mourning for a parent and before laying aside court mourning dress — what offense could be more grave!" He was stripped of his title and confined. Three years later he was released. His younger brother Yuquan inherited the title.
79
道光二十年，薨，諡曰厚。 子義道，襲。 歷內大臣、左宗正。
He died in Daoguang 20 (1840) and received the posthumous epithet Generous. His son Yidao inherited the title. He served as an inner minister and as director of the Imperial Clan Court on the left.
80
同治七年，薨，諡曰慎。 子本格，襲。 亦歷內大臣、左宗正。 德宗大婚，賜四團正龍補服。
He died in Tongzhi 7 (1868) and was posthumously honored with the epithet Cautious. His son Benge inherited the title. He too served as an inner minister and as director of the Imperial Clan Court on the left. When Emperor Dezong celebrated his grand wedding, he was granted the court surcoat bearing four roundels with full-front facing dragons.
81
光緒二十四年，薨，諡曰誠。 子懋林，襲。
He died in Guangxu 24 (1898) and received the posthumous epithet Sincere. His son Maolin inherited the title.
82
輔國恪僖公察尼，多鐸第四子。
Chani, Duke of the State Who Assists the Country with the posthumous epithets Reverent and Merry, was Dodo's fourth son.
83
順治十三年，封貝勒。
In Shunzhi 13 (1656) he was created a beile.
84
康熙七年，授左宗正。
In Kangxi 7 (1668) he was appointed director of the Imperial Clan Court on the left.
85
十二年，吳三桂反，從順承郡王勒爾錦南征，參贊軍務。 師次荊州，三桂已陷岳州。 察尼偕將軍尼雅翰舟師進，三桂將吳應麒引七萬人自陸路來拒，擊卻之。 師次七里山，發礮沉其舟十餘。 方暑，還駐荊州。
In the twelfth year, when Wu Sangui rose in rebellion, he joined Prince Shuncheng Le'erjin's southern campaign as a deputy in military affairs. The army encamped at Jingzhou, by which time Sangui had already captured Yuezhou. Chani advanced with General Niyahan's fleet, and when Sangui's general Wu Yingqi brought seventy thousand men overland to block them, they drove the enemy back. At Qilishan they brought up cannon and sank more than ten enemy vessels. In the height of summer they withdrew and went into camp at Jingzhou.
86
十四年，佩靖寇將軍印，援穀城。 時南漳、興山已陷，敵逼彝陵，踞鎮荊山，掘壕為寨。 察尼至彝陵，議增舟師，斷餉道。 擊敵牛皮丫口，進攻黃連坪，焚其積聚，取興山。
In the fourteenth year he bore the seal of Pacification General and marched to relieve Gucheng. Nanzhang and Xingshan had already fallen; the enemy pressed toward Yiling, held Zhenjing Mountain, and dug trenches to build fortified camps. Chani reached Yiling, proposed reinforcing the river fleet, and severed the enemy supply lines. He attacked the enemy at Niupiyakou, pressed the assault on Huanglianping, burned their stockpiles, and recovered Xingshan.
87
十五年，三桂移南漳、彝陵兵往長沙，勒爾錦令察尼還荊州，渡江趨石首，據虎渡口，擊敵太平街，斬三百餘級。 翌日再出，遇伏，敗還荊州。 詔責其無能。
In the fifteenth year Sangui shifted his forces from Nanzhang and Yiling toward Changsha. Le'erjin ordered Chani back to Jingzhou to cross the river toward Shishou, seize Hudu Crossing, attack the enemy at Taipingjie, and take more than three hundred heads. The next day he marched out again, walked into an ambush, and retreated in defeat to Jingzhou. An imperial edict censured him for incompetence.
88
十七年八月，貝勒尚善薨於軍，命察尼代為安遠靖寇大將軍，規岳州。 疏言：「舟師入湖，賊餉將絕。 宜於湖水涸後，圍以木栰，立椿列礮，以小舟徼巡，為久困計。」 上善其言，令副都統關保濟師。 尋破敵南津港，斬千級。 都統葉儲赫等進攻岳州，复破敵萬餘人。 屢疏請增調水陸軍合圍，上皆許之。
In the eighth month of Kangxi 17 (1678), Beile Shangshan died at the front. Chani was appointed Grand General for Pacifying the Distant and Quelling Rebels in his stead and directed operations against Yuezhou. He memorialized: "Once our fleet enters Dongting Lake, the rebels' supply lines will be severed. When the water recedes we should encircle them with log rafts, drive piles, line up guns, and patrol with light craft—thus to wear them down over time." The Emperor approved the proposal and sent Vice Commander Guan Bao with reinforcements. He soon smashed the rebels at Nanjin Harbor and took a thousand heads. Commander Ye Chuhe and others assaulted Yuezhou and routed another ten thousand rebels. He repeatedly asked for additional land and river forces to tighten the siege, and each time the throne agreed.
89
十八年正月，三桂將王度衝、陳珀等以舟師降，應麒棄城遁，遂復岳州。 降官吏六百餘、兵五千餘，獲舟六十五、礮六百四十有奇。 二月，安親王岳樂自長沙進取衡州，察尼發綠旗兵濟師，尋复湘陰、安鄉。 四月，命自常德徵辰龍關，澧州以南諸軍聽調度。
In the first month of Kangxi 18, Wu Sangui's admirals Wang Duchong and Chen Bo surrendered with their fleet. Ying Qi fled the city, and Yuezhou fell back into Qing hands. Over six hundred officials and five thousand troops came over; the victors seized sixty-five vessels and more than six hundred forty guns. In the second month Prince An Yuele marched from Changsha on Hengzhou. Chani dispatched Green Standard reinforcements and soon retook Xiangyin and Anxiang. In the fourth month he was told to strike Chenlong Pass from Changde, with every force south of Lizhou under his orders.
90
十九年三月，克辰龍關，复辰州。 疏言：「途中霪雨泥濘，士馬須休養。」 詔暫屯沅州。 六月，詔以貝子彰泰率師下雲南，察尼勞苦久，率滿洲兵還京師。 吏議退縮罪，削爵職、籍其家、幽禁，上念克岳州功，命但削爵。
In the third month of Kangxi 19 he captured Chenlong Pass and restored Chenzhou. He reported that ceaseless rain had churned the roads to mud and that men and horses needed rest. The court ordered a halt at Yuanzhou. In the sixth month Beizi Zhangtai was dispatched into Yunnan while Chani, exhausted after years in the field, brought the Manchu contingent home to Beijing. Officials urged stripping his rank, confiscating his property, and imprisoning him for withdrawal. Remembering Yuezhou, the Emperor commuted the penalty to loss of noble rank alone.
91
二十四年，授奉天將軍。
In Kangxi 24 he was made General of Fengtian.
92
二十七年，卒，賜祭葬視輔國公，諡恪僖。
He died in Kangxi 27. The court granted obsequies befitting a Defender Duke of the State and gave him the posthumous name Kexi (Respectful and Joyful).
93
費揚果，太祖第十六子。 太宗時，坐罪賜死，削宗籍。
Feiyanggu was Taizu's sixteenth son. Under Hong Taiji he was sentenced to death and removed from the clan rolls.
94
康熙五十二年，聖祖命莽古爾德格類子孫復宗籍。 費揚果曾孫三等侍衛尼雅罕呈宗人府，請復宗籍。 宗人府以聞，聖祖曰：「此事朕知之，但不詳耳。 費揚果，太祖子，太宗時因獲大罪誅死者。」 命復宗籍，賜紅帶。
In Kangxi 52 the Kangxi Emperor ordered the lines of Manggu'ertai and Degui readmitted to the clan. Feiyanggu's great-grandson Niyahan, a third-rank guardsman, petitioned the Imperial Clan Court to restore his line. When the clan court forwarded the request, the Emperor said, "I have heard of this, though not the particulars. Feiyanggu was a son of Taizu whom Hong Taiji executed for a capital offense." He ordered the clan status restored and bestowed the red belt of nobility.