1
萬楊吉砮布佔泰拜音達里
Biographies: Wan; Yangginu; Butai; Bayindari.
2
萬，哈達部長也。 萬自稱汗，故謂之萬汗。 明譯爲王台，「台」「萬」音近。 明於東邊酋長稱汗者，皆譯爲「王」某，若以王爲姓，萬亦其例也。 哈達爲扈倫四部之一，明通稱海西。 哈達貢於明，入廣順關，地近南，故謂之南關。
Wan was chief of the Hada. Because he called himself khan, he was known as Khan Wan. The Ming court transcribed his name as Wangtai, since tai and wan sound alike. The Ming habitually rendered eastern chiefs who styled themselves khan as "Wang" followed by a personal name; read this way, Wan fits the same pattern. Hada belonged to the four Hūlun tribes, known collectively to the Ming as the Haixi Jurchens. Because Hada paid tribute through Guangshun Pass and its territory lay far to the south, it was called the Southern Pass branch.
3
萬姓納喇氏，其始祖納齊卜祿。 納齊卜祿生尚延多爾和齊，尚延多爾和齊生嘉瑪喀碩珠古，嘉瑪喀碩珠古生綏屯，綏屯生都勒喜。 都勒喜子二：克什納、古對硃顏。 古對硃顏之後別爲烏喇部。 克什納，嘉靖初掌塔山左衞，於諸部中最強，修貢謹，又捕叛者猛克有勞，明授左都督，賜金頂大帽； 既，爲族人巴代達爾漢所殺。 克什納子二：長徹徹穆，次旺濟外蘭。 克什納死時，徹徹穆子萬奔席北部境綏哈城，而旺濟外蘭奔哈達，遂爲其部長。 明以其偵寇功，授都督僉事。 葉赫部長褚孔格數爲亂，旺濟外蘭執而僇之，奪其貢敕七百道，及所部十三寨。 後其部衆叛，旺濟外蘭爲所殺。 其子博爾坤舍進殺父仇，迎從兄萬於綏哈城，還長其部。 萬能用其衆，略隣部，遠交而近攻，勢益盛，遂以哈達爲國，稱汗。 興祖諸子環居赫圖阿喇，號「寧古塔貝勒」，與董鄂部搆釁。 興祖第三子索長阿爲其子吳泰娶萬女，蓋嘗乞兵於萬以禦董鄂部。
The Wan lineage was of the Nara clan, founded by Naqibolu. Naqibolu was followed by Shangyanduoerheqi, then Jiamakashuzhugu, Suitun, and Dulexi in succession. Dulexi had two sons, Keshina and Guduizhuyan. Guduizhuyan's line later split off as the Wula tribe. At the opening of the Jiajing era Keshina commanded the Tashan Left Guard and was the strongest of the tribes; he maintained tribute scrupulously and earned merit by capturing the rebel Mengke, for which the Ming made him Left Military Commissioner and gave him a golden-topped great cap; He was later killed by his kinsman Badai Daerhan. Keshina had two sons: the elder Chechemu and the younger Wangji Wailan. At Keshina's death Chechemu's son Wan fled beyond the border to Suiha City in the northern Xibu lands, while Wangji Wailan took refuge in Hada and became its chieftain. The Ming rewarded his service in scouting raiders with the post of Vice Military Commissioner. The Yehhe chief Zhukongge had stirred up trouble more than once; Wangji Wailan seized and put him to death, taking seven hundred tribute patents and thirteen of his stockaded villages. His followers later rebelled, and Wangji Wailan was killed in the uprising. His son Bo'erkun Shejin avenged his father, brought his cousin Wan back from Suiha City, and restored him as tribal chief. Wan knew how to wield his followers: he raided neighboring tribes, befriended the distant and struck the near, and his power swelled until he made Hada a realm and took the title of khan. Xingzu's sons settled around Hetu Ala as the "Ningguta beile" and came into conflict with the Dong'e tribe. Xingzu's third son Suochanga had his son Wu Tai marry Wan's daughter, for he had once sought Wan's troops against the Dong'e.
4
萬居靜安堡外，室廬、耕植與他部落異，事明謹。 是時王杲領建州，與韃靼東西遙應，窺遼塞，萬支拄其間不令合。 明使繼其大父克什納爲都督。 王杲盜邊，開原兵備副使王之弼檄萬，令王杲還所掠。 萬入建州寨，要王杲盟於撫順關下，復通市如故。 土默特徙帳遼東，萬入貢，多奪其馬。 已而，土默特弟韋徵與萬爲婚，其從子小黃台吉擁五萬騎，介葉赫復請婚於萬，萬懼而許之。 小黃台吉以馬牛羊、甲胄、貂豹之裘遺萬，築壇刑白馬爲盟，約毋犯塞。 居無何，小黃台吉要萬犯塞，萬不可，乃罷，時爲萬曆元年。 明年，王杲亂，遼東巡撫張學顏檄萬捕王杲。 萬令海西、建州諸酋款塞，乞先開市，游擊丁倣語之曰：「必得王杲而後市可圖也。」 萬復率建州衞都督大疼克等叩關，督撫以聞，許開市，遂縛獻王杲所掠遼軍八十四人，及種人兀黑，以兀黑嘗殺漢官也。 又明年，捕得王杲，檻致京師。 明進萬右柱國、龍虎將軍，官二子都督僉事，賜黃金二十兩、大紅師子紵衣一襲。
Wan lived beyond Jing'an Fort, where his houses and farming differed from other tribes; he served the Ming with scrupulous loyalty. At that time Wang Gao led Jianzhou and coordinated with the Tatars east and west to probe the Liaodong frontier; Wan stood between them and kept the two sides from joining forces. The Ming confirmed him in his great-grandfather Keshina's post of Military Commissioner. When Wang Gao raided the frontier, the Kaiyuan circuit vice commissioner Wang Zhibi ordered Wan to make Wang Gao restore what he had taken. Wan entered the Jianzhou stockade and compelled Wang Gao to swear an oath beneath Fushun Pass, after which trade resumed as before. When the Tümed shifted their camp into Liaodong, Wan came to pay tribute and often seized their horses. Later Tümed's younger brother Wei Zheng allied with Wan by marriage; his nephew the Little Yellow Taiji, commanding fifty thousand horsemen and passing through Yehhe, again sought Wan's daughter in marriage, and Wan, afraid, consented. The Little Yellow Taiji sent Wan horses, cattle, sheep, armor, and sable and leopard furs; they built an altar, sacrificed a white horse, and pledged not to raid the frontier. Before long the Little Yellow Taiji pressed Wan to raid the frontier; Wan refused and the plan came to nothing. This was the first year of Wanli. The following year Wang Gao rose in revolt, and the Liaodong censor Zhang Xueyan ordered Wan to seize him. Wan had the Haixi and Jianzhou chiefs come to the pass and plead for markets to open first; the patrol officer Ding Fang told them, "Markets can be discussed only after Wang Gao is taken." Wan again led the Jianzhou guard commissioner Da Tengke and others to the pass; the governor and censor reported up, markets were allowed to open, and they delivered bound eighty-four Liaodong soldiers Wang Gao had seized, together with the tribesman Wu Hei, who had once killed a Han official. The year after that Wang Gao was captured and sent to the capital in a cage. The Ming promoted Wan to Right Pillar of State and Dragon-Tiger General, appointed two of his sons Vice Military Commissioners, and gave him twenty taels of gold and a great red lion-pattern robe.
5
是時萬所領地，東則輝發、烏喇，南則建州，北則葉赫，延袤千里，保塞甚盛。 萬暴而黷貨，以事赴訴，視賂有無爲曲直。 部下皆效之，使於諸部，驕恣無所忌，求賄鷹、犬、雞、豚惟所欲。 使還，意爲毀譽，萬輒信之。 以是諸部皆貳。 而葉赫部長清佳砮、楊吉砮兄弟，以父褚孔格見僇，心怨萬。 萬納其女弟溫姐，又以女妻楊吉砮，卵翼之。 萬老而衰，楊吉砮復婚於哈屯恍惚太，勢漸張。 萬子扈爾干尤暴，所部或去從楊吉砮。 楊吉砮搆烏喇與扈爾干爲仇，遂收故所部諸寨爲旺濟外蘭所侵者，取其八寨，惟把太等五寨尚屬萬。 自是輝發、烏喇諸部皆不受約束，萬地日蹙，憂憤不自憀。 萬曆十年七月，萬卒。 葉赫聞萬死，使求故貢敕，扈爾干曰：「我父以汝兄弟故，卒用憂憤死，今尚問敕書乎？」 勿與，告哀於明。 明以萬忠，賜祭，予採幣、四表裏。
At this time Wan's domain stretched a thousand li from Huifa and Wula in the east to Jianzhou in the south and Yehhe in the north, and his border defenses were formidable. Wan was violent and greedy; when people brought suits before him, he judged right and wrong by whether they paid him. His followers copied him; when sent among the tribes they were arrogant and unrestrained, demanding hawks, dogs, chickens, and pigs at will. When his envoys returned, whatever praise or blame they offered, Wan believed it at once. Because of this every tribe turned against him. The Yehhe brothers Qingjianu and Yangginu, however, bore Wan a grudge because their father Zhukongge had been put to death. Wan took Qingjianu's younger sister Wenjie as wife and gave another daughter to Yangginu, sheltering them both. As Wan aged and weakened, Yangginu married again into the Haton Huanghu Tai clan, and his power steadily grew. Wan's son Huergan was especially brutal, and some of his followers deserted to Yangginu. Yangginu set Wula and Huergan at odds, then recovered the stockades Wangji Wailan had seized, taking eight of them; only Batai and five other villages still remained Wan's. From then on Huifa, Wula, and the other tribes no longer submitted to his authority; Wan's lands shrank day by day, and he sank into grief and despair. In the seventh month of the tenth year of Wanli, Wan died. When Yehhe heard of Wan's death, they sent to demand the old tribute patents. Huergan said, "My father died of grief and rage because of you brothers—do you still ask for the patents?" He refused and appealed in grief to the Ming. Honoring Wan's loyalty, the Ming sent funeral offerings and gave sacrificial silks and four suits of inner and outer garments.
6
萬有子五：扈爾干爲長； 仲、叔皆前死； 季孟格布祿，溫姐子也； 又有康古魯，爲萬外婦子。 萬卒，康古魯與扈爾干爭父業。 扈爾干怒曰：「汝，我父外婦子也，寧得爭父業乎？ 不避我，我且殺汝！」 康古魯因亡抵清佳砮，清佳砮妻以女。 是時太祖初起兵。 八月，扈爾干以兵從兆佳城長李岱劫太祖所屬瑚濟寨，太祖部將安費揚古、巴遜以十二人追擊，殺哈達兵四十人，還所掠。 扈爾干旋卒。 孟格布祿年十九，襲父職龍虎將軍、左都督，衆未附。 康古魯聞扈爾干死，遂還，烝溫姐。
Wan had five sons. The eldest was Huergan; the second and third had died before him; the fourth was Menggebulu, Wenjie's son; there was also Kanguru, born to Wan's concubine. When Wan died, Kanguru and Huergan fought over their father's inheritance. Huergan raged, "You are my father's son by a concubine—how dare you claim his estate? If you do not get out of my way, I will kill you!" Kanguru fled to Qingjianu, who gave him a daughter in marriage. At this time the Taizu had only just begun to raise his army. In the eighth month Huergan joined the chief of Zhaojia City, Li Dai, in raiding the Taizu's Huji stockade; the Taizu's generals Anfiyanggu and Baxun pursued with twelve men, killed forty Hada soldiers, and recovered the plunder. Huergan soon died. Menggebulu, nineteen years old, inherited his father's titles of Dragon-Tiger General and Left Military Commissioner, but the tribes had not yet rallied to him. When Kanguru heard Huergan was dead, he returned and took Wenjie to wife by levirate.
7
扈爾干有子曰岱善，與康古魯、孟格布祿析萬遺業爲三。 康古魯報扈爾干之怨，釋憾於其子； 孟格布祿亦以母溫姐故，助康古魯，共攻岱善； 而清佳砮、楊吉砮兄弟謀攻萬子孫報仇，十一年七月，挾煖兔、恍惚太等萬騎來攻。 明總督侍郎周詠念岱善弱，孟格布祿少，請加敕部諸酋，神宗許之。 十二月，楊吉砮等復挾蒙古科爾沁貝勒瓮阿岱等萬騎來攻，孟格布祿及岱善以二千騎迎戰而敗。 自是兵屢至，恣焚掠不已。 十二年，明總兵李成梁誘殺清佳砮、楊吉砮兄弟，所部讋服，誓受孟格布祿約束。
Huergan had a son Daishan, who with Kanguru and Menggebulu divided Wan's estate three ways. Kanguru, to settle his score with Huergan, set aside his hatred of Huergan's son; Menggebulu also, for his mother Wenjie's sake, aided Kanguru in attacking Daishan together; while the brothers Qingjianu and Yangginu of Yehhe plotted revenge against Wan's descendants; in the seventh month of the eleventh year they attacked with ten thousand horsemen under Nuantu, Huanghu Tai, and others. The Ming grand coordinator Zhou Yong, seeing Daishan weak and Menggebulu young, asked that additional patents be issued to the tribal chiefs, and the Shenzong Emperor agreed. In the twelfth month Yangginu again attacked with ten thousand horsemen, including the Mongol Horqin prince Weng Adai; Menggebulu and Daishan met them with two thousand horsemen and were defeated. From then on their armies came again and again, burning and plundering without end. In the twelfth year the Ming commander Li Chenglang lured and killed the brothers Qingjianu and Yangginu; their followers submitted in fear and swore to obey Menggebulu.
8
葉赫難始紓，而內訌復急。 清佳砮子布寨、楊吉砮子納林布祿乘隙圖報怨。 十五年四月，納林布祿以恍惚太萬騎攻把泰寨，明兵來援，圍解； 乃陰結其姑溫姐，嗾孟格布祿佐康古魯圖岱善。 先是扈爾干許以女歸太祖，十六年，岱善親送以往，太祖爲設宴成禮。 是年納林布祿復以恍惚太五千騎圍岱善。 孟格布祿將其孥從納林布祿往葉赫，居十八里寨，於是圖岱善益急，而康古魯誘岱善所部叛岱善，略其貲畜，納林布祿並掠岱善妻哈爾屯以去。 明邊吏議絕孟格布祿市，以所部及土田、牲畜盡歸於岱善。 孟格布祿不聽，復與布寨、納林布祿、康古魯入開原，溫姐偕。 開原兵備副使王緘令裨將襲其營，執溫姐、康古魯以歸。 巡撫顧養謙諭孟格布祿：「和岱善，還所掠，否則斷若母頭矣！」 王緘以爲戮溫姐則孟格布祿益攜，不如釋之，而囚康古魯，待朝命。 溫姐既得脫，遁還。 孟格布祿自葉赫攻岱善，自焚其所居，劫溫姐去。 王緘坐是奪職。
The Yehhe threat began to ease, but internal strife flared anew. Qingjianu's son Buzhai and Yangginu's son Nalinbulu seized the chance to plot revenge. In the fourth month of the fifteenth year Nalinbulu attacked Batai stockade with ten thousand horsemen of Huanghu Tai; Ming troops came to the rescue and the siege was lifted; then he secretly won over his aunt Wenjie and urged Menggebulu to help Kanguru plot against Daishan. Earlier Huergan had promised a daughter to the Taizu; in the sixteenth year Daishan escorted her there in person, and the Taizu held a feast to complete the marriage. That year Nalinbulu again besieged Daishan with five thousand horsemen of Huanghu Tai. Menggebulu took his family to Yehhe with Nalinbulu and lived at the Eighteen-li stockade; the plot against Daishan grew fiercer; Kanguru turned Daishan's followers against him and seized his goods and livestock, and Nalinbulu carried off Daishan's wife Hartun. Ming border officials proposed cutting off trade with Menggebulu and assigning all his followers, lands, and livestock to Daishan. Menggebulu refused and again entered Kaiyuan with Buzhai, Nalinbulu, and Kanguru, Wenjie with them. The Kaiyuan circuit vice commissioner Wang Jian ordered a subordinate to raid their camp and brought back Wenjie and Kanguru as prisoners. The censor Gu Yangqian warned Menggebulu, "Make peace with Daishan and return what you took, or I will cut off your mother's head!" Wang Jian argued that executing Wenjie would only drive Menggebulu further away; it were better to release her and hold Kanguru until the court decided. Once Wenjie had escaped, she fled home. Menggebulu attacked Daishan from Yehhe, burned his own dwelling, and carried Wenjie off by force. Wang Jian lost his post over the affair.
9
十六年二月，河西大饑，岱善乞糴於明，明予粟百斛。 李成梁出師討布寨、孟格布祿，圍其城，布寨、孟格布祿請降，成梁振旅還。 開原兵備副使成遜議釋康古魯，和諸部； 總督侍郎顧養謙亦謂：「岱善弱而多疑，即殲諸酋立之，不能有其衆。 不如釋康古魯，使和岱善，則萬子孫皆全。 岱善內倚中國，外結建州，陰折北關謀，實制東陲勝策也。」 夏四月，遂釋康古魯而諭之曰：「中國立岱善，以萬故； 囚汝，以助北關侵岱善也。 汝亦萬子，不忍殺。 今釋汝，和諸酋，修父業。 岱善安危，汝則任之。」 康古魯聽命，因令岱善以叔父事康古魯，以祖母事溫姐，刑牲盟； 且進布寨、納林布祿使者誡諭之，爲均兩部，敕孟格布祿出岱善妻子五人，及所部種人三百二十三、婦稚五百四十三、馬牛羊數百，歸岱善。 康古魯偕溫姐歸故寨，居月餘，康古魯病且死，語溫姐及孟格布祿，戒部曲毋盜邊負明恩。 康古魯死，孟格布祿謀盡室徙依葉赫，度溫姐不從，微告布寨、納林布祿以兵至。 孟格布祿縱火燔其居，趣溫姐行，溫姐不可，强扶持上馬，鬱鬱不自得，七月亦死。
In the second month of the sixteenth year a great famine struck west of the river; Daishan begged grain from the Ming, who gave him a hundred hu of millet. Li Chenglang marched against Buzhai and Menggebulu and besieged their city; they sued for peace, and Chenglang withdrew his army. The Kaiyuan circuit vice commissioner Cheng Xun proposed releasing Kanguru to reconcile the tribes; Grand Coordinator Gu Yangqian also said, "Daishan is weak and suspicious; even if we destroyed the other chiefs and set him up, he could not hold his people. Better to release Kanguru and have him reconcile with Daishan, so that all of Wan's line may survive. With Daishan leaning on China within and allying with Jianzhou without, secretly checking Northern Pass designs—this is truly the best way to control the eastern frontier." In the fourth month of summer Kanguru was released and told, "China established Daishan for Wan's sake; you were imprisoned for helping the Northern Pass encroach on Daishan. You too are Wan's son, and we could not bear to kill you. Now you are released: reconcile with the chiefs and restore your father's estate. Daishan's safety rests on you." Kanguru obeyed; Daishan was made to treat Kanguru as uncle and Wenjie as grandmother, and they sacrificed animals in alliance; and he sent envoys from Buzhai and Nalinbulu to warn them and balance the two sides; Menggebulu was ordered to return Daishan's five wives and children, three hundred twenty-three tribesmen, five hundred forty-three women and children, and hundreds of horses, cattle, and sheep. Kanguru returned with Wenjie to their old stockade; after a month he fell mortally ill and told Wenjie and Menggebulu to forbid their followers from raiding the frontier and betraying Ming favor. When Kanguru died, Menggebulu planned to move his whole household to Yehhe; knowing Wenjie would refuse, he secretly summoned Buzhai and Nalinbulu with troops. Menggebulu burned his dwelling and pressed Wenjie to leave; she refused, was forced onto a horse, sank into gloom, and died in the seventh month as well.
10
布寨、納林布祿誘孟格布祿圖岱善如故。 成遜令諸酋面相要釋憾，併入貢，而太祖日强盛，布寨、納林布祿與有隙。 二十一年夏六月，糾孟格布祿及烏喇、輝發四部合兵攻太祖，略戶布察寨。 太祖率兵追之，設伏於中途，引兵略哈達富兒家齊寨。 哈達兵至，太祖欲引敵至設伏所揮衆使退，以單騎殿。 孟格布祿以三騎自後相迫，一騎出於前，太祖引弓射前騎，前騎在右，回身自馬項上發矢，矢著於馬腹，遂逸去。 三騎驟至，太祖馬驚幾墜，右足絓於鞍，復乘，遂射孟格布祿馬踣地，其從者秦穆布祿授以己馬，挾以馳。 太祖率所部兵騎者三、步者二十，逐而擊之，斬十二人，獲甲六、馬十八，以還。 九月，復從布寨、納林布祿以九部之兵三萬人攻太祖，戰於黑濟格城下，九部之兵熸，布寨殲焉。
Buzhai and Nalinbulu again incited Menggebulu to plot against Daishan. Cheng Xun had the chiefs meet face to face to bury their grudges and pay joint tribute, but the Taizu grew stronger by the day, and Buzhai and Nalinbulu bore him a grudge. In the sixth month of summer of the twenty-first year they joined Menggebulu and the four tribes of Wula and Huifa to attack the Taizu and raided Hubucha stockade. The Taizu pursued with his army, laid ambushes along the route, and led a detachment to raid the Hada stockade of Fu'erjiaqi. When Hada troops arrived, the Taizu meant to draw them to the ambush, ordered his men to withdraw, and rode alone as rearguard. Menggebulu pressed him with three horsemen from behind while one closed from the front; the Taizu shot the foremost rider, who wheeled from the horse's neck to return fire; the arrow struck his mount's belly and he fled. The three horsemen closed in; the Taizu's mount shied and nearly threw him, his right foot caught in the stirrup; he remounted, shot Menggebulu's horse down, and his follower Qin Mubulu gave him his own horse and bore him away at a gallop. The Taizu pursued with three horsemen and twenty foot soldiers, killed twelve men, took six suits of armor and eighteen horses, and returned. In the ninth month Buzhai and Nalinbulu again attacked the Taizu with thirty thousand men from nine tribes at Heijige City; the allied army was shattered and Buzhai was destroyed.
11
二十五年，葉赫諸部請成於太祖，盟定輒背之。 二十六年，孟格布祿所居城北溪流血。 二十七年秋，納林布祿攻孟格布祿，孟格布祿不能支，以其三子質於太祖，乞師。 太祖使費英東、噶蓋以兵二千戍哈達。 納林布祿恐，乃搆明開原譯者爲書，誘孟格布祿使貳於明，將襲擊費英東等。 費英東等詗得之，以告太祖。 九月丁未朔，太祖帥師攻哈達。 貝勒舒爾哈齊請爲前鋒，薄孟格布祿所居城。 兵出，舒爾哈齊使告太祖曰：「彼城兵出矣！」 太祖曰：「豈爲此城無兵而來耶？」 躬督兵進。 舒爾哈齊兵塞道，太祖軍循城行，城上發矢多傷者，遂攻城，癸丑，克之。 揚古利生得孟格布祿，太祖命勿殺，召入謁，賜以所御貂帽、豹裘，置帳中。 既，孟格布祿與噶蓋謀爲亂，事洩，乃殺之。
In the twenty-fifth year the Yehhe tribes sued for peace with the Taizu, yet broke every covenant they made. In the twenty-sixth year the stream north of Menggebulu's city ran with blood. In the autumn of the twenty-seventh year Nalinbulu attacked Menggebulu, who could not hold out and sent his three sons as hostages to the Taizu to beg for troops. The Taizu sent Fei Yingdong and Gagai with two thousand men to garrison Hada. Nalinbulu, afraid, had Ming translators at Kaiyuan write letters to turn Menggebulu against the Ming and planned to strike Fei Yingdong and his men. Fei Yingdong learned of the plot through espionage and reported it to the Taizu. On the first day of the ninth month, a dingwei day, the Taizu led his army against Hada. Beile Šurhaci asked to lead the vanguard and pressed close to Menggebulu's city. When troops came out, Šurhaci sent word to the Taizu, "The enemy city has sent out troops!" The Taizu said, "Did I come because this city had no troops?" He personally led the advance. Šurhaci's troops blocked the road; the Taizu's army marched along the walls, and many were wounded by arrows from above; they then besieged the city and took it on a guichou day. Yangguli took Menggebulu alive; the Taizu ordered him spared, summoned him to audience, gave him his own sable cap and leopard fur, and kept him in his tent. Later Menggebulu plotted rebellion with Gagai; when the plot was exposed he was put to death.
12
二十九年春正月，太祖以女妻孟格布祿子吳爾古代，明使來讓，太祖遣吳爾古代還所部。 納林布祿歸所掠敕六十道，請於明，補雙貢如故事。 已而，納林布祿復糾蒙古掠哈達。 哈達饑，乞糴於明，明不與，至鬻妻子、奴僕以食。 太祖周恤之，遂以吳爾古代歸。 哈達亡。
In the first month of spring of the twenty-ninth year the Taizu gave a daughter in marriage to Menggebulu's son Wu'ergudai; when the Ming protested, he sent Wu'ergudai back to his tribe. Nalinbulu returned sixty plundered patents and asked the Ming to restore the double tribute of former times. Later Nalinbulu again joined the Mongols in raiding Hada. Hada starved and begged grain from the Ming, who refused; people even sold wives, children, and slaves for food. The Taizu gave them relief and sent Wu'ergudai back. Hada was destroyed.
13
楊吉砮，葉赫部長，孝慈高皇后父也。 其先出自蒙古，姓土默特氏，滅納喇部據其地，遂以地爲姓； 後遷葉赫河岸，因號葉赫。 其貢於明，取道鎭北關，地近北，故明謂之北關。
Yangginu was chief of Yehhe and father of the Empress Xiaoci Gao. His line came from Mongolia, of the Tümed clan; they destroyed the Nara tribe, seized its lands, and took the place as their surname; later they moved to the Yehhe River and took the name Yehhe. They paid tribute to the Ming through Zhenbei Pass; because their lands lay far to the north, the Ming called them the Northern Pass branch.
14
始祖星根達爾漢生席爾克明噶圖，席爾克明噶圖生齊爾噶尼。 正德初，齊爾噶尼數盜邊，斬開原市。 八年，其子褚孔格糾他酋加哈復爲亂，旋就撫，授達喜木魯都督僉事。 褚孔格阻兵數反覆，爲哈達部長旺濟外蘭所殺，明賜敕書及所屬諸寨，皆爲所奪。
The founder Xinggendaerhan was followed by Xierkeminggatu and then Qiergani. At the opening of the Zhengde era Qiergani raided the frontier repeatedly, and trade at Kaiyuan was cut off. In the eighth year his son Zhukongge joined other chiefs such as Jiaha in another revolt; he soon submitted and was made Daximulu Vice Military Commissioner. Zhukongge repeatedly rebelled and submitted; the Hada chief Wangji Wailan killed him and seized the Ming patents and all his stockaded villages.
15
褚孔格子太杵。 太杵子二：長，清佳砮； 次即楊吉砮。 能撫諸部，依險築二城，相距可數里，清佳砮居西城，楊吉砮居東城，皆稱貝勒。 明人以譯音，謂之「二奴」。 是時哈達萬汗方強，楊吉砮弟兄事萬謹，萬納其女弟溫姐，藉勢寖驕，數糾建州王杲侵明邊。 明討王杲，而清佳砮，楊吉砮不與，蓋萬實庇之，既又以女妻楊吉砮。 然楊吉砮兄弟日夜思復先世褚孔格之仇，怨萬。 會萬老，勢衰，楊吉砮復婚於哈屯恍惚太，以隙復故地季勒諸寨。 萬子扈爾干所屬白虎赤等先後叛歸楊吉砮，楊吉砮勢日盛，萬遂以憂憤死。 死而諸子內爭，其庶孽康古魯亡抵清佳砮，清佳砮妻以女，益間萬子孫使自相圖。
Zhukongge had a son named Taichu. Taichu had two sons: the elder Qingjianu; the younger was Yangginu. They pacified the tribes and built two fortified cities a few li apart; Qingjianu held the western city and Yangginu the eastern, and both styled themselves beile. The Ming, by transliteration, called them the "Two Slaves." At this time Khan Wan of Hada was at his height; the brothers served him faithfully; Wan took Wenjie, Qingjianu's younger sister, in marriage, and emboldened by his power they grew arrogant and repeatedly incited Wang Gao of Jianzhou to raid the Ming frontier. When the Ming moved against Wang Gao, Qingjianu and Yangginu did not take part, for Wan sheltered them and had also given Yangginu a daughter in marriage. Yet the brothers brooded day and night on avenging their forebear Zhukongge and bore Wan a grudge. When Wan aged and weakened, Yangginu married again into the Haton Huanghu Tai clan and seized the chance to recover the old stockades of Jile and the rest. Baihuchi and others under Wan's son Huergan defected to Yangginu one after another; Yangginu's power swelled, and Wan died of grief and rage. After his death his sons fought among themselves; his bastard Kanguru fled to Qingjianu, who gave him a daughter in marriage and further set Wan's descendants at one another's throats.
16
既而太祖兵起，嘗如葉赫，楊吉砮顧知爲非常人，謂太祖曰：「我有幼女，俟其長，當使事君。」 太祖曰：「君欲結姻盟，盍以年已長者妻我？」 楊吉砮對曰：「我雖有長女，恐未爲嘉偶。 幼女端重，始足爲君配耳。」 太祖遂納聘焉。
Later, when the Taizu raised his army, he visited Yehhe; Yangginu saw that he was no ordinary man and said, "I have a young daughter; when she is grown I shall give her to you." The Taizu said, "If you wish an alliance by marriage, why not give me your elder daughter?" Yangginu replied, "I do have an elder daughter, but I fear she would not be a worthy match. My younger daughter is dignified; only she is fit to be your consort." The Taizu then accepted the betrothal.
17
萬曆十一年，楊吉砮弟兄率白虎赤，益以煖兔、恍惚太所部萬騎，襲敗孟格布祿，斬三百級，掠甲胄一百五十； 益借猛骨太、那木塞兵，焚躪孟格布祿所部室廬、田稼殆盡。 明分巡副使任天祚使齎布帛及鐵釜，犒楊吉砮兄弟，諭罷兵。 楊吉砮兄弟言：「必得敕書盡轄孟格布祿等然後已。」 既，復焚孟格布祿及其仲兄所分莊各十，岱善莊一，脅所屬百餘人去。 既，又以恍惚太二千騎馳廣順關，攻下沙大亮寨，俘三百人，挾兵邀貢敕。
In the eleventh year of Wanli the brothers Yangginu led Baihuchi and ten thousand horsemen under Nuantu and Huanghu Tai against Menggebulu, defeated him, took three hundred heads, and seized one hundred fifty suits of armor; they borrowed troops from Menggutai and Namusai as well and burned and trampled Menggebulu's dwellings and crops almost to nothing. The Ming patrol vice commissioner Ren Tianzuo sent cloth, silks, and iron cauldrons to reward the brothers and ordered them to stop fighting. The brothers said, "We will not stop until we have patents placing Menggebulu and the rest wholly under our authority." Afterward they burned ten estates each belonging to Menggebulu and his second brother and one of Daishan's, and forced more than a hundred of their followers to defect. Again they galloped to Guangshun Pass with two thousand horsemen of Huanghu Tai, took Shadaliang stockade, captured three hundred people, and demanded tribute patents at sword point.
18
十二年，巡撫李松與總兵李成梁謀誅楊吉砮兄弟，哈達亦以請。 明制，凡諸部互市，築牆規市場，謂之「市圈」。 成梁使召楊吉砮弟兄，當賜敕賞賚，乃伏兵中固城，距開原可四十里，待其至。 已而楊吉砮弟兄挾恍惚太二千騎擐甲叩鎭北關，守備霍九皋遣使讓之曰：「若來就撫，甲騎數千何爲者？」 楊吉砮兄弟乃請以三百騎入圈。 李松令參將宿振武、李寧等夾城四隅爲伏，戒軍中曰：「虜入圈，聽撫則張幟，按甲毋動； 不則鳴礮，皆鼓行而前，急擊之勿失。」 松與任天祚坐南樓，使九皋諭楊吉砮兄弟。 楊吉砮兄弟則益兵，以精騎三千屯鎭北關，而以三百騎入圈。 楊吉砮兄弟請敕書部勒孟格布祿等，九皋譙讓之，漸急，楊吉砮兄弟瞋目，語不馴，李松奮髯抵几叱之。 九皋麾楊吉砮等下馬，楊吉砮目從者白虎赤，白虎赤拔刀擊九皋，微中右臂。 九皋還擊楊吉砮從者一騎踣，餘騎羣噪擊明兵。 軍中礮如雷，伏盡起，遂殺清佳砮、楊吉砮、白虎赤、清佳砮子兀孫孛羅、楊吉砮子哈兒哈麻，及諸從者，斬三百十有一級。 勒兵馳出關，成梁先自中固城至，圍擊葉赫軍，斬千五百二十一級，奪馬千七百有三，遂深入楊吉砮弟兄所居寨。 師合圍，旦日，諸酋出寨門蒲伏，請受孟格布祿約束，刑白馬攢刀爲誓，成梁引師還。 自是葉赫不敢出兵窺塞擾哈達爲亂。 明總督張佳胤等以陣斬「二奴」聞，成梁、松、天祚、九皋、振武、寧予廕進秩有差。
In the twelfth year Censor Li Song and Commander Li Chenglang plotted to kill the brothers Yangginu, and Hada asked for the same. Under Ming practice, when tribes came to trade, a walled market ground was built, called a "market pen." Chenglang summoned the brothers, saying patents and rewards awaited them, and hid troops at Zhonggu City, about forty li from Kaiyuan, to wait for them. Soon the brothers came to Zhenbei Pass with two thousand armored horsemen of Huanghu Tai; the garrison commander Huo Jiugao sent to reprove them, "If you come to submit, why bring several thousand armored horsemen?" The brothers then asked to enter the pen with three hundred horsemen. Li Song ordered Brigade Generals Su Zhenwu, Li Ning, and others to set ambushes at the four corners and told the army, "When the barbarians enter the pen, if they submit, raise the banners and hold still; otherwise fire the cannon, advance with drums, and strike them swiftly without fail." Li Song and Ren Tianzuo sat in the south tower and had Jiugao address the brothers. The brothers meanwhile reinforced their force, leaving three thousand elite horsemen at Zhenbei Pass while three hundred entered the pen. The brothers demanded patents to control Menggebulu and the rest; Jiugao rebuked them ever more sharply; they glared and answered insolently; Li Song struck the table and shouted them down. Jiugao ordered them to dismount; Yangginu signaled Baihuchi, who drew his blade and struck Jiugao, slightly wounding his right arm. Jiugao struck back and cut down one horseman; the rest raised a clamor and attacked the Ming troops. Cannons thundered, the ambushes sprang up, and they killed Qingjianu, Yangginu, Baihuchi, Qingjianu's son Wusun Boluo, Yangginu's son Ha'erhama, and their followers, taking three hundred eleven heads. Troops galloped out of the pass; Chenglang had already come from Zhonggu City, surrounded the Yehhe army, took one thousand five hundred twenty-one heads and one thousand seven hundred three horses, and pressed deep into the brothers' stockaded residence. The army closed the ring; at dawn the chiefs came prostrate from the gate, asking to submit to Menggebulu; they sacrificed a white horse and piled knives in oath; Chenglang withdrew. From then on Yehhe did not dare raid the frontier or stir trouble against Hada. Grand Coordinator Zhang Jiayin reported the killing of the "Two Slaves" in battle; Chenglang, Song, Tianzuo, Jiugao, Zhenwu, and Ning received differing promotions and hereditary privileges.
19
居數年，清佳砮子布寨、楊吉砮子納林布祿繼爲貝勒，收餘燼，謀傾哈達報世讎，挾以兒鄧數侵掠，闌入威遠堡。 納林布祿尤狂悖，要貢敕如其諸父，頻歲糾恍惚太攻岱善不已； 且因其姑溫姐煽孟格布祿、康古魯圖岱善，俾哈達內訌。 會明助岱善，襲執康古魯。
After several years Qingjianu's son Buzhai and Yangginu's son Nalinbulu became beile, gathered what remained, plotted to destroy Hada and avenge an old feud, and with Erdeng raided repeatedly, breaking into Weiyuan Fort. Nalinbulu was especially arrogant, demanding tribute patents like his uncles and year after year joining Huanghu Tai in unceasing attacks on Daishan; and through his aunt Wenjie incited Menggebulu and Kanguru to plot against Daishan, sowing civil strife in Hada. When the Ming aided Daishan, they raided and captured Kanguru.
20
十六年二月，巡撫顧養謙決策討布寨、納林布祿。 成梁帥師至海州，雪初消，人馬行淖中，馬足膠不可拔。 成梁計擊虜利月明，軍抵開原已下弦，不如三月往，遂壁海州，養謙壁遼陽。 是歲，河西大饑，斗米錢三千，菽二千，發海州、遼陽穀贍軍。 月將晦，成樑自海州乘傳出，三月十有三日，至開原。 令岱善軍以白布綴肩際爲幟，雞鳴，發威遠堡，行三十里，至葉赫屬酋落羅寨。 成梁使召落羅，落羅駭兵至，迎謁，命以一幟樹寨門，材官十人守之，戒諸軍毋犯； 挾落羅及其從者三騎俱，又行三十里，至葉赫城下。 布塞棄西城，奔納林布祿，併兵以拒，其眾與明軍夾道馳，明軍不敢先發。 二酋麾其騎突明軍，殺三人，成梁乃縱兵擊之。 游擊將軍吳希漢先驅，流矢集於面，創甚，弟希周奮起，斬虜騎射希漢者，亦被創。 明軍如牆進，葉赫兵退入城守。 城以石爲郭，郭內外重疊障，以巨桁爲栅。 城中有山，鑿山周遭爲坂，絕峻，爲羅城其上，外以石，內以木，又二重，中構八角樓，置妻孥、財貨。 明師攻二日，破郭外栅二重。 城上木石雜下，先登者輒死，城堅不可拔。 成梁乃斂兵，發巨礮擊城，城壞，穿樓斷桁，葉赫兵死者無算，殲其酋把當亥，斬級五百五十四，城中皆號泣。 明軍車載雲梯至，直立，齊其內城，將置巨礮其上。 二酋始大懼，出城乞降，請與南關分敕入貢。 成梁令毋攻，燔雲梯，戒諸軍毋發其窖粟，遂引師還。 四月朔，釋康古魯遣還，因進葉赫使者諭曰：「往若效順，朝廷賞不薄。 江上遠夷以貂皮、人參至，必藉若以通。 若布帛、米鹽、農器仰給於我，耕稼圍獵，坐收木枲、松實、山澤之利，爲惠大矣。 今貢事絕，江上夷道梗，皆怨若。 我第傳檄諸部，斬二酋頭來，俾爲長，可無煩兵誅也。 今貸若，若何以報？」 遂與哈達均敕。 永樂初，賜海西諸部敕，自都督至百戶，凡九百九十九道。 至是，畀哈達、葉赫分領之，以哈達效順，使贏其一。
In the second month of the sixteenth year Censor Gu Yangqian decided to campaign against Buzhai and Nalinbulu. Chenglang led his army to Haizhou; the snow had just melted, and men and horses sank in the mud until their hooves stuck fast. Chenglang reckoned that raiding the enemy favored a bright moon; the army reached Kaiyuan after the last quarter of the moon, so it were better to wait until the third month; he encamped at Haizhou and Yangqian at Liaoyang. That year a great famine struck west of the river; a dou of millet cost three thousand cash and beans two thousand; grain from Haizhou and Liaoyang was issued to feed the army. Near month's end Chenglang left Haizhou by relay post and reached Kaiyuan on the thirteenth day of the third month. He ordered Daishan's army to fix white cloth on their shoulders as banners; at cockcrow they left Weiyuan Fort, marched thirty li, and reached the stockade of Luoluo, a Yehhe subordinate chief. Chenglang summoned Luoluo; alarmed by the army's arrival, Luoluo came out to meet him; Chenglang planted a banner at the stockade gate, left ten engineering officers to guard it, and forbade the army to harm it; He took Luoluo and his three followers along, marched another thirty li, and came beneath Yehhe city. Buzhai abandoned the western city and fled to Nalinbulu; they combined forces to resist; their horsemen and the Ming army galloped along the road on either side, and the Ming did not dare strike first. The two chiefs sent their horsemen charging into the Ming line, killing three men; Chenglang then unleashed his troops. Patrol General Wu Xihan led the van; arrows clustered on his face and he was badly wounded; his brother Xizhou sprang up and cut down the horseman who had shot him, and was wounded as well. The Ming army advanced like a wall; the Yehhe troops fell back into the city to defend it. The city had a stone outer wall; inside and out were layered barriers and palisades of huge beams. A hill rose within the city; its sides were cut into a steep slope, and a secondary wall was built on top, stone without and wood within in two layers; at the center stood an octagonal tower holding wives, children, and treasure. The Ming army attacked for two days and broke two layers of palisades outside the wall. Timber and stones rained from the walls; the first to climb died at once; the city was too strong to storm. Chenglang then drew back his troops and bombarded the city with great cannon; the walls broke, the tower was pierced and beams shattered; Yehhe soldiers died beyond counting; their chief Badangai was killed; five hundred fifty-four heads were taken; the whole city wailed. The Ming army brought up siege ladders by cart, raised them upright against the inner wall, and prepared to place heavy cannon on top. The two chiefs were seized with fear. They came out to surrender and asked that patents for tribute be shared with the South Gate. Chenglang forbade an assault, burned the ladders, ordered his men not to touch the grain in the cellars, and marched away. On the first of the fourth month he released Kang Guru and sent him home, then received Yehhe envoys and told them: "Had you submitted before, the court would have rewarded you generously. River tribes far upstream bring sable and ginseng; they must pass through your lands to trade. You depend on us for cloth, grain, salt, and tools; you farm and hunt while reaping hemp, pine nuts, and mountain wealth—a great benefit. Tribute has stopped and the river trade is choked off; everyone blames you. I need only proclaim to the tribes: send the two chiefs' heads and I will set you up as leader—then no army need be sent against you. I spare you today—what will you give in return?" He then shared the patents equally with Hada. Early in the Yongle reign the Haixi tribes received patents from commander to centurion—nine hundred ninety-nine in all. Now they were divided between Hada and Yehhe; because Hada had submitted, it was given the larger share.
21
秋九月，納林布祿送其女弟歸太祖，太祖率諸貝勒迎之，大宴成禮，是爲孝慈高皇后。
In autumn, the ninth month, Nalinbulu sent his younger sister to the Taizu. The Taizu and his beiles went out to welcome her, feasted, and completed the marriage—she became Empress Xiaoci Gao.
22
十九年，納林布祿令宜爾當阿、擺斯漢<ref>“宜爾當阿、擺斯漢”，原典作“宜爾當、阿擺斯漢”，誤。 </ref>使於太祖，且曰：「扈倫諸部與滿洲語言相通，宜合五爲一。 今屬地爾多我寡，額爾敏、扎庫木二地，盍以一與我！」 太祖曰：「我爲滿洲，爾爲扈倫，各有分地。 我毋爾取，爾毋我爭。 地非牛馬比，豈可分遺？ 爾等皆知政，不能諫爾主，奈何强顏來相瀆耶！」 遣其使還。 既而納林布祿又令尼喀里、圖爾德偕哈達、輝發二部使者復至，太祖與之宴。 圖爾德起而請曰：「我主有傳語，恐爲貝勒怒。」 太祖問：「爾主何語？ 我不爾責。」 圖爾德曰：「我主言曩欲分爾地，爾靳不與。 儻兩國舉兵相攻，我能入爾境，爾安能蹈我地乎？」 太祖大怒，引佩刀斷案曰：「爾葉赫諸舅，盍嘗躬在行間，馬首相交，裂甲毀冑，堪一劇戰耶？ 哈達惟內訌，故爾等得乘隙掩襲，何視我若彼易與也！ 吾視蹈爾地，如入無人境，晝即不來，夜亦可往，爾其若我何！」 因詆布寨、納林布祿父見殺於明，至不得收其骨，奈何出大言，以其語爲書，遣巴克什阿林察報之。 布寨要至其寨，不令見納林布祿，遣還。
In the nineteenth year Nalinbulu dispatched Yierdang'a and Baisihan as envoys [the received text misdivides their names as "Yierdang" and "Abaisihan"]. to the Taizu with this message: "The Hulun tribes speak the same tongue as the Manchu; the five ought to become one. Your lands are vast and mine are small—of Ermin and Zhakumu, give me one!" The Taizu replied: "I am Manchu and you are Hulun; each keeps his own domain. I will not seize yours; you must not seize mine. Land is not cattle to be parceled out—how can it be divided and handed over? You know better yet will not counsel your master—how dare you come here to insult me!" He sent the envoys away. Soon Nalinbulu sent Nikali and Tuerde with envoys from Hada and Huifa; the Taizu entertained them. Tuerde rose and said: "My lord has words to relay, but fears they will anger you." The Taizu asked: "What does your lord say? Speak freely—I will not hold it against you." Tuerde said: "My lord says you refused when he asked to share your territory. If we go to war, I can march into your country—can you set foot in mine?" The Taizu flew into a rage, drew his blade, and smashed the table. "You Yehhe kinsmen—have you ever fought hand to hand, horses crashing together, mail ripped and helms broken—ever fought a real battle? You only beat Hada because it was torn by civil war—why think me as weak as they were! Crossing your land is like walking through an empty land—come day or night whenever I please; what can you do?" He mocked Buzhai and Nalinbulu: their fathers were killed by the Ming and their bones never recovered—yet they boasted so. He wrote the reply down and sent the clerk Alincha with it. Buzhai summoned him to his camp but refused a meeting with Nalinbulu and sent him home.
23
未幾，長白山所屬硃舍裡、訥殷二路引葉赫兵劫太祖所屬東界洞寨。 二十一年夏六月，扈倫四部合兵攻太祖，布寨、納林布祿為戎首，劫戶布察寨。 太祖以師御之，遂侵哈達。 秋九月，复益以蒙古科爾沁、席北、卦爾察三部，硃舍裡、訥殷二路，攻太祖，謂之「九姓之師」。 太祖將出師，祀於堂子，祝曰：「我初與葉赫無釁，葉赫橫來相攻，糾集諸部，為暴於無辜，天其鑑之！」 又祝曰：「原敵盡垂首，我軍奮揚，人不遺鞭，馬無顛躓，惟天其助我！」 是時，葉赫兵萬人，哈達、烏喇、輝發三部合兵萬人，蒙古科爾沁三貝勒及席北、皆懼，太祖戒勉之。 朝發虎闌哈達，夕宿扎喀？ 卦爾察三部又萬人，凡三萬人。 太祖兵少，城。 葉赫兵方攻黑濟格城，未下。 旦日，太祖師至，面城而陣，使額亦都以百人先。 葉赫兵罷攻城來戰，太祖軍迎擊，斬九級，葉赫兵小卻。 布寨、金台石及蒙古科爾沁三貝勒复並力合攻，金台石者，納林布祿弟也。 布寨將突陣，馬觸木，踣，太祖部卒吳談趨而前，伏其身刺殺之。 葉赫兵見布寨死，皆痛哭，陣遂亂。 九姓之師以此敗。 布寨死，子佈揚古嗣為貝勒。
Soon the Zhusheri and Neyin districts of Changbai Mountain guided Yehhe raiders against the Taizu's eastern border forts. In the sixth month of the twenty-first year the four Hulun tribes joined against the Taizu. Buzhai and Nalinbulu led the host and struck Hubucha stockade. The Taizu marched out to meet them, then turned and struck Hada. That autumn, the ninth month, Horqin Mongols, Xibei, Guo'ercha, Zhusheri, and Neyin joined the assault—the "Army of the Nine Clans." Before marching the Taizu sacrificed at the tangse and prayed: "I did no wrong to Yehhe, yet Yehhe gathered the tribes to ravage the innocent—Heaven, see this!" He prayed again: "Let the foe bow their heads; let our men fight boldly; let no rider lose his whip or horse stumble—Heaven, help us!" Yehhe mustered ten thousand men; Hada, Wula, and Huifa another ten thousand; the Horqin beiles and Xibei allies were all afraid, and the Taizu exhorted and heartened them. They broke camp at Hulan Hada at dawn and encamped at Zhaka by nightfall. Guo'ercha contributed ten thousand more—thirty thousand in all. The Taizu had few troops, but he pressed on to the city. Yehhe was besieging Heijige and had not yet captured it. At dawn the Taizu came up, formed line before the city, and sent Eidu forward with a hundred men. Yehhe broke off the siege to fight. The Taizu's men engaged them, took nine heads, and the Yehhe force fell back a little. Buzhai, Jintaishi, and the three Horqin beiles joined forces again; Jintaishi was Nalinbulu's brother. Buzhai charged the line; his horse hit a stake and threw him. Wu Tan of the Taizu's guard ran up, leaned over him, and drove a blade into him. When Buzhai fell the Yehhe ranks broke into mourning and the battle line collapsed. Thus the Army of the Nine Clans was broken. Buzhai's son Buyanggu succeeded him as beile.
24
二十五年春正月，扈倫諸部同遣使行成於太祖曰：「吾等兵敗名辱，繼自今願締舊好，申之以婚媾。」 布揚古請以女弟歸太祖，金台石請以女妻太祖次子台吉代善，上許之，具禮以聘。 宰牛馬告天，設巵酒、塊土及肉、血、骨各一器，四國使者誓曰：「既盟之後，苟棄婚媾，背盟約，如此土，如此骨，如此血，永墜厥命！ 若始終不渝，飲此酒，食此肉，福祿永昌。」 太祖誓曰：「彼等踐盟則已，有或渝者，待三年不悛，吾乃討之。」 布揚古女弟，高皇后姪也，是時年十四。 未幾，太祖遣將穆哈連侵蒙古，獲馬四十。 納林布祿邀奪其馬，執穆哈連歸於蒙古。 烏喇貝勒布占泰亦背盟結納林布祿。 二十七年，太祖克哈達。 以明有責言，使哈達故貝勒孟格布祿子吳爾古代還所部。 二十九年，納林布祿以兵侵之，太祖遂以吳爾古代歸。 三十一年秋九月，高皇后疾篤，思見母，太祖使迎焉。 納林布祿不許，令其僕南太來視疾，太祖數之曰：「汝葉赫諸舅無故掠我戶布察寨，又合九姓之師而來攻我，既乃自服其辜，歃血誓天爲盟誓，而又背之，許我國之女皆嫁蒙古。 今我國妃病篤，欲與母訣，而又不許，是終絕我也！」 既而，高皇后崩。 三十二年春正月，太祖帥師攻葉赫，克二城，曰張，曰阿氣蘭； 取七寨，俘二千餘人而還。
In the first month of the twenty-fifth year the Hulun tribes sued for peace: "We are beaten and shamed; let us restore the old friendship and bind it with marriage." Buyanggu offered his younger sister to the Taizu; Jintaishi offered his daughter to the second son Daishan. The Taizu agreed and sent betrothal gifts. They sacrificed oxen and horses to Heaven and set out wine, clods of earth, meat, blood, and bone. Envoys of the four powers swore: "If we forsake this marriage or break faith, may we perish like this earth, this bone, this blood! If we keep faith to the end, drink this wine and eat this meat—may fortune and long life endure." The Taizu swore: "Let them keep the pact; if anyone breaks it and does not repent within three years, I will strike." Buyanggu's sister was the High Empress's niece—fourteen years old at the time. Soon the Taizu sent Mughaliyan against the Mongols; he brought back forty horses. Nalinbulu seized the horses, captured Mughaliyan, and carried him off to the Mongols. Butai, beile of Wula, broke the pact as well and sided with Nalinbulu. In the twenty-seventh year the Taizu overthrew Hada. When the Ming protested, he restored Menggebulu's son Wuergudai to his clan lands. In the twenty-ninth year Nalinbulu attacked; the Taizu sent Wuergudai back to Hada. In the ninth month of the thirty-first year the High Empress lay dying and wished to see her mother; the Taizu sent to fetch her. Nalinbulu refused and sent only his servant Nantai to visit her sickbed. The Taizu rebuked him: "Your Yehhe kinsmen plundered Hubucha without cause, sent the Nine Clans against me, then swore a blood oath—and broke it again, marrying our pledged women to Mongols. Now my consort is dying and only wants to see her mother once more, and you refuse—that is to sever us for good!" Soon after, the High Empress died. In the first month of the thirty-second year the Taizu attacked Yehhe and captured two cities, Zhang and Aqilan; took seven stockades, seized more than two thousand people, and withdrew.
25
三十五年，納林布祿聞輝發貝勒拜音達里使貳於太祖，太祖以是取輝發，納林布祿不能救； 而布揚古女弟受太祖聘，十六年不遣，年三十，烏喇貝勒布佔泰將強委禽焉。 四十年，太祖討布佔泰。 四十一年，師再舉，遂克烏喇，布佔泰亡奔葉赫。 布揚古欲遂以女弟嫁之，布佔泰遜謝不敢娶，為別婚。 是時納林布祿已死，其弟金台石嗣為貝勒，與布揚古分居東、西城如故。 秋九月，太祖使告葉赫執布佔泰以獻，使三往，不聽。 太祖謀伐之，先期遣第七子巴布泰率所屬阿都、幹骨裡等三十餘人質於明。 至廣寧，謁巡撫都御史張濤，請敕葉赫遣布佔泰，濤以聞，神宗下部議，以為質子真偽莫可辨，拒勿納。 太祖乃以四萬人會蒙古喀爾喀貝勒介賽伐葉赫。 會有逋卒洩師期，葉赫收張、吉當阿二路民堡。 太祖圍兀蘇城，城長山談、扈石木降，太祖飲以金？ ，賜冠服； 遂略張、吉當阿、呀哈、黑兒蘇、何敦、克布齊賚、俄吉岱七城，下十九寨，盡焚其廬舍儲峙，以兀蘇城降民三百戶還。
In the thirty-fifth year Nalinbulu learned that Bayindari of Huifa was leaning toward the Taizu. The Taizu seized Huifa and Nalinbulu could not relieve it; meanwhile Buyanggu's sister, betrothed to the Taizu for sixteen years, was still withheld—thirty years old now—and Butai of Wula meant to take her by force. In the fortieth year the Taizu marched against Butai. In the forty-first year he marched again, overthrew Wula, and Butai fled to Yehhe. Buyanggu would have given his sister to Butai, but Butai humbly refused and took another wife. Nalinbulu was dead; his brother Jintaishi became beile and still shared the eastern and western cities with Buyanggu. That autumn the Taizu demanded that Yehhe surrender Butai. He asked three times; they refused. He prepared to attack and first sent his seventh son Babutai with ADu, Ganguli, and thirty others as hostages to the Ming. At Guangning he saw Censor Zhang Tao and asked the court to order Yehhe to surrender Butai. Tao reported to Beijing; Shenzong referred the matter to the ministries, which doubted the hostages were genuine and turned them away. The Taizu then marched forty thousand men, joined by the Khalkha beile Jiesai, against Yehhe. A runaway revealed the schedule; Yehhe pulled the people of the Zhang and Jidang'a routes into the forts. He besieged Wusu; the commanders Shantan and Husumu submitted, and the Taizu honored them with a gold goblet. and gave them caps and robes; then took seven cities—Zhang, Jidang'a, Yaha, Heiersu, Hedun, Kebuqizai, and Ejidai—plus nineteen stockades, burned their houses and stores, and withdrew with three hundred households from surrendered Wusu.
26
葉赫愬於明，以兵援，遇介賽，戰勝，遂遣使讓太祖，令游擊馬時柟、周大岐率兵千，挾火器，戍葉赫。 太祖至撫順，投書游擊李永芳，申言：「侵葉赫，以葉赫背盟，女已字，悔不遣，又匿布佔泰； 故與明無怨，何遽欲相侵？」 遂引師還。
Yehhe appealed to the Ming; Ming reinforcements met Jiesai and won. Then they rebuked the Taizu and posted Patrol Officers Ma Shinan and Zhou Daqi with a thousand musketeers to guard Yehhe. At Fushun the Taizu wrote to Patrol Officer Li Yongfang: "I strike Yehhe because it broke faith—the girl was pledged and withheld, and Butai was sheltered there; I have no quarrel with the Ming—why turn on me now?" Then he marched home.
27
金台石有女，育於其兄納林布祿，嫁介賽。 金台石既為貝勒，殺納林布祿妻，介賽假辭為外姑復仇，覬得布揚古女弟以解。 布揚古女弟誓死不原行。 介賽治兵攻葉赫。 既而喀爾喀貝勒巴哈達爾漢為其子莽古爾代請婚，布揚古將許之。 明邊吏諭布揚古，姑留此女，毋使葉赫。 四十三年夏？ 縻； 而以兵分屯開原、撫順及鎮北堡為犄角，？ 太祖及介賽望絕，冀相五月，布揚古遂以其女弟許莽古爾代，秋七月婚焉。 太祖聞，諸貝勒皆怒，請討葉赫，不許。 請侵明，又不許，且曰：「此女生不祥，哈達、輝發、烏喇三部以此女構怨，相繼覆亡。 今明助葉赫，不與我而與蒙古，殆天欲亡葉赫，以激其怒也。 我知此女流禍將盡，死不遠矣。」 布揚古女弟嫁莽古爾代未一年而死，死時年蓋三十四，明所謂「北關老女」者也。 是歲為太祖天命元年。
Jintaishi had a daughter, raised in Nalinbulu's household, who was married to Jiesai. When Jintaishi became beile he killed Nalinbulu's wife. Jiesai claimed revenge for his mother-in-law and sought Buyanggu's sister to end the feud. Buyanggu's sister swore she would die before she went. Jiesai raised an army and attacked Yehhe. Then the Khalkha beile Bahadahan asked his son Manggu'erdai for Buyanggu's sister; Buyanggu was ready to agree. Ming border officials told Buyanggu to hold the girl and not let Yehhe have her. In the summer of the forty-third year she was held; and Ming troops were stationed at Kaiyuan, Fushun, and Zhenbei fort in mutual support; until the Taizu and Jiesai despaired completely. In the intercalary fifth month Buyanggu gave his sister to Manggu'erdai; the wedding followed in the seventh month. When the Taizu heard, his beiles were furious and begged to strike Yehhe; he refused. They urged an attack on the Ming; again he refused, saying: "This woman brings ill fortune. Hada, Huifa, and Wula were destroyed over her. The Ming backs Yehhe and gives her to the Mongols, not to us—perhaps Heaven means to ruin Yehhe and goad them to ruin. I know her curse is almost done—she will not live long." Buyanggu's sister had been wed to Manggu'erdai less than a year when she died, aged about thirty-four—the Ming knew her as the Old Maid of the North Pass. That year was the first year of Taizu's Tianming era.
28
太祖既稱帝建國，始用兵於明。 三年，攻撫順、清河。 明經略侍郎楊鎬使諭葉赫發兵撓太祖。 秋九月，金台石子德爾格勒侵太祖，克一寨，俘四百七人，斬八十四級。 明賜以白金二千兩、採緞表里二十。 四年春正月，太祖謀報之，使大貝勒代善以兵五千戍札喀關阻明師，而躬督兵伐葉赫。 辛卯，入其境，經克亦特城、粘罕寨，至葉赫城東十里，克大小屯寨二十餘。 葉赫乞援於明，明開原總兵馬林以師至，合城兵而出，見太祖兵盛，不敢擊。 太祖亦引還。 二月，楊鎬大舉伐太祖，使都司竇永澄徵兵於葉赫，葉赫以二千人應。 至三岔北，明師覆，永澄死之。 太祖謀使所屬詐降於金台石，金台石不應。 六月，太祖攻開原，葉赫復以二千人援，至則開原已下。 秋八月，經略侍郎熊廷弼初視事，葉赫使期復開原，廷弼厚賚之。
Once the Taizu had proclaimed himself emperor and founded his state, he turned his armies against the Ming. In the third year he attacked Fushun and Qinghe. Ming frontier commissioner Yang Gao ordered Yehhe to raise troops and harry the Taizu. That autumn, in the ninth month, Jintaishi's son Delgeler struck the Taizu, took a stockade, captured four hundred seven people, and cut off eighty-four heads. The Ming rewarded him with two thousand taels of silver and twenty bolts of figured silk. In the first month of the fourth year the Taizu planned his reply: he posted the Great Beile Daishan with five thousand men at Zhaka Pass to block Ming forces while he led the main army against Yehhe. On xinmao day he crossed their border, passed Keyite and Zhanhan, came within ten li of Yehhe City, and took more than twenty fortified hamlets. Yehhe appealed to the Ming; Kaiyuan commander Ma Lin marched out with the city garrison, saw how strong the Taizu's army was, and dared not give battle. The Taizu withdrew as well. In the second month Yang Gao mounted a major offensive against the Taizu; Commissioner Dou Yongcheng was sent to levy troops from Yehhe, which furnished two thousand men. North of Sancha the Ming army was shattered; Yongcheng died in the rout. The Taizu tried to have his men feign surrender to Jintaishi; Jintaishi refused. In the sixth month the Taizu attacked Kaiyuan; Yehhe sent two thousand reinforcements, but by the time they arrived Kaiyuan had already fallen. In the eighth month Xiong Tingbi had just assumed office as frontier commissioner; Yehhe envoys still hoped to win back Kaiyuan, and he rewarded them generously.
29
太祖惎葉赫，八月，大舉伐之。 己巳，師出，聲言向瀋陽，以綴明師。 壬申，至葉赫城下，太祖攻金台石東城，而命諸貝勒馳向西城取布揚古。 布揚古與其弟布爾杭古以城兵出西郭，陟岡，鳴角而噪，望太祖軍盛，斂兵入。 諸貝勒遂督軍合圍。 太祖圍東城，入其郛，布攻具，呼金台石降，不聽，曰：「吾非明兵比，等丈夫也，肯束手降乎？ 寧戰而死耳。」 太祖麾兵攻城，兩軍矢交發，太祖軍擁楯陟山麓，將穴城，城上下木石，擲火器。 太祖軍冒進，穴城，城圮，師入，城兵迎戰，敗潰，皆散走。 太祖使執幟約軍士毋妄殺，執黃蓋，令降者免死，城民皆請降。 金台石以其孥登台，太祖軍就圍之，命之下。 金台石求見四貝勒盟而後下，四貝勒為太宗，高皇后所出，金台石甥也。 四貝勒方攻西城，太祖召之至，使見金台石。 金台石曰：「我未嘗見我甥，真偽烏能辨？」 費英東、達爾哈在側，曰：「汝視常人中有奇偉如四貝勒者乎？ 且曩與汝通好時，嘗以媼往乳汝子德爾格勒，盍使媼辨之！」 金台石曰：「何用媼為也！ 觀汝輩辭色，特誘我下殺我耳。 我石城鐵門既為汝破，縱再戰，安能勝？ 特我祖父世分土於斯，我生於斯，長於斯，則死於斯可已。」 四貝勒勸之力，金台石使阿爾塔石先見太祖，太祖復令諭降。 金台石又求見其子德爾格勒，德爾格勒至，金台石終不下。 四貝勒將縛德爾格勒，德爾格勒曰：「我年三十六，乃今日死耶！ 殺可也，何縛焉？」 四貝勒以德爾格勒見太祖，太祖撤所食食之，命四貝勒與共食。 且曰：「爾兄也，善遇之！」 金台石妻將其幼子下，金台石引弓，其從者復甲。 太祖軍進毀台，金台石縱火，屋宇皆燼。 太祖諸將謂金台石且死，軍退。 火燼，金台石潛下，為太祖軍所獲，縊殺之。
The Taizu nursed a grudge against Yehhe; that eighth month he mounted a full-scale invasion. On jisi day the army marched, announcing it was bound for Shenyang to pin down Ming troops. On renshen day they came beneath Yehhe City; the Taizu assaulted Jintaishi's eastern citadel while ordering his beiles to ride west and seize Buyanggu. Buyanggu and his brother Burianggugu marched out the west gate with the garrison, climbed a hill, blew horns and shouted—but seeing the Taizu's strength, they pulled back inside. The beiles then closed the ring around the city. The Taizu invested the eastern city, entered the outer works, set siege engines, and called on Jintaishi to yield. Jintaishi refused: "I am no Ming soldier—you are men of honor; do you think I would surrender with hands bound? I would rather die fighting." The Taizu ordered the assault; arrows crossed in both directions. His men pressed up the slope behind shields to undermine the wall while defenders hurled timber, stone, and fire weapons from above. The Taizu's men pressed on, undermined the wall until it gave way, and poured in; the garrison met them, broke, and fled in disorder. The Taizu sent men with banners to forbid indiscriminate killing; yellow canopies were raised promising life to those who surrendered, and the townspeople all submitted. Jintaishi took his family up onto a tower; the Taizu's troops surrounded it and ordered them down. Jintaishi asked to see the Fourth Beile and swear a pact before descending; the Fourth Beile was Huang Taiji, son of the High Empress and Jintaishi's nephew. The Fourth Beile was still assaulting the western city; the Taizu summoned him and brought him before Jintaishi. Jintaishi said: "I have never laid eyes on my nephew—how can I know whether this is truly he?" Feiyingdong and Daihar, standing beside him, said: "Do you see among common men anyone as striking as the Fourth Beile? When we were on friendly terms we sent a nurse to suckle your son Delgeler—let the nurse recognize him!" Jintaishi said: "What need of a nurse! Your manner shows you mean only to lure me down and kill me. You have already broken my stone walls and iron gates; even if I fought again, how could I prevail? My ancestors held this land for generations; I was born here and grew up here—to die here is enough." The Fourth Beile pressed him hard; Jintaishi sent Altashi first to the Taizu, who again sent word demanding surrender. Jintaishi asked again to see his son Delgeler; Delgeler came, yet Jintaishi still would not descend. The Fourth Beile was about to bind Delgeler; Delgeler cried: "I am thirty-six—must I die only today! Kill me if you must—why bind me?" The Fourth Beile presented Delgeler to the Taizu, who shared his own meal with him and bade the Fourth Beile eat beside him. He added: "He is your brother—see that he is well treated!" Jintaishi's wife was lowering their young son; Jintaishi strung his bow and his followers armed themselves again. The Taizu's troops pressed forward and wrecked the tower; Jintaishi set it ablaze and the buildings burned to ash. The Taizu's generals assumed Jintaishi was dead and drew the army back. When the fire died, Jintaishi slipped down, was seized by the Taizu's men, and strangled.
30
諸貝勒圍西城，布揚古聞東城破，與布爾杭古使請降，並請盟無死。 大貝勒曰：「汝輩畏死，盍以汝母先，汝母我外姑也，我寧能殺之？」 布揚古母至軍，大貝勒以刀劃酒，誓，飲其半，使送布揚古、布爾杭古飲其半，乃降。 大貝勒以布揚古見太祖，布揚古行復勒馬，大貝勒挽其轡，命毋沮。 見太祖，布揚古以一膝跪，不拜而起。 太祖取金？ 授之，布揚古復以一膝跪，酒不竟飲，不拜而起。 太祖命大貝勒引去，以其懟也，即夕亦縊殺之。 貸布爾杭古。 攻殺明游擊馬時楠戍兵，殲焉。 楊鎬聞警，使總兵李如楨自撫順出，張疑兵為葉赫聲援，得十餘級而退。
The beiles invested the western city; hearing the east had fallen, Buyanggu and Burianggugu sued for surrender and begged a sworn pledge that their lives would be spared. The Great Beile said: "You fear death—send your mother first. She is my aunt; would I kill her?" Buyanggu's mother came to camp; the Great Beile cut wine with a knife, swore, drank half, and sent the rest for Buyanggu and Burianggugu to drink before they yielded. The Great Beile led Buyanggu before the Taizu; Buyanggu walked, then checked his horse; the Great Beile took his bridle and told him not to hang back. Before the Taizu, Buyanggu dropped to one knee, refused to bow, and stood again. The Taizu took up a gold goblet. When it was offered, Buyanggu again knelt on one knee, left the wine unfinished, refused to bow, and rose. The Taizu ordered the Great Beile to lead him away; for his insolence he was strangled that same night. Burianggugu was spared. They attacked and wiped out the garrison of Ming patrol commander Ma Shinan. Yang Gao heard the alarm and sent Commander Li Ruzhen from Fushun with a diversionary force toward Yehhe; he took a dozen heads and withdrew.
31
神宗命給事中姚宗文行邊，求葉赫子孫，德爾格勒有女子子二，嫁蒙古，各賜白金二千。 明臣請為金台石、布揚古立廟，又以哈達餘裔王世忠為金台石妻至，授游擊，將以風諸部，然葉赫遂亡。
Emperor Shenzong sent Supervisor Yao Zongwen to the frontier to seek survivors of Yehhe; Delgeler had two daughters and sons who had married Mongols, and each received two thousand taels of silver. Ming officials proposed temples for Jintaishi and Buyanggu and made Wang Shizhong, a Hada descendant, escort Jintaishi's widow with the rank of patrol officer, hoping to sway the tribes—but Yehhe was gone.
32
太祖以德爾格勒歸，旗制定，隸滿洲正黃旗，授三等副將。 太宗天聰三年，改三等梅勒章京，卒，八年，子南楮嗣。 十年，察哈爾林丹汗殂，所部內亂，太宗遣貝勒多爾袞帥師略地。 林丹汗福金號蘇泰太后，南楮女兄也，因使南楮諭降。 南楮至其帳，呼其人出，語之曰：「爾福金蘇泰太后之弟南楮至矣！」 其人入告，蘇泰太后大驚，使故葉赫部來媵者視之，信。 蘇泰太后號而出，與南楮相抱持，遂使其子額哲出降。 南楮旋以罪奪爵，復以南楮弟索爾和嗣。 乾隆初，改二等男。
The Taizu took Delgeler into service; when the Eight Banners were set, he was placed in the Plain Yellow Banner and made a third-class deputy general. In the third year of Huang Taiji's Tiancong reign he was made third-class meile janggin; he died, and in the eighth year his son Nanchu inherited the post. In the tenth year Lindan Khan of Chakhar died and his people fell into turmoil; Huang Taiji sent Beile Dorgon to raid their territory. Lindan Khan's consort was styled Empress Dowager Suitai, Nanchu's elder sister; Huang Taiji sent Nanchu to persuade her to submit. Nanchu came to their camp, called someone out, and said: "Empress Dowager Suitai's brother Nanchu is here!" The man went in to tell her; Empress Dowager Suitai was astonished and sent a former Yehhe woman who had come as her attendant to look—and it was true. Empress Dowager Suitai came out wailing, embraced Nanchu, and then sent her son Eje out to surrender. Nanchu was soon stripped of his rank for an offense, and his younger brother Suoerhe inherited. Early in the Qianlong reign the title was raised to second-class baron.
33
布爾杭古分隸正紅旗，亦授三等副將。 再傳，坐事，奪世職。
Burianggugu was placed in the Plain Red Banner and likewise made third-class deputy general. Two generations later, for an offense, the hereditary rank was forfeited.
34
布佔泰，烏喇部長，太祖婿也。 烏喇亦扈倫四部之一，與哈達同祖納齊卜祿。 納齊卜祿五傳至克什納、古對硃顏兄弟。 克什納之後為哈達部。 古對硃顏生太蘭，太蘭生布顏。 布顏收附近諸部，築城洪尼，濱烏喇河，因號烏喇，為貝勒。
Butai was chief of Wula and the Taizu's son-in-law. Wula was one of the four Hulun tribes and shared ancestor Nashibolu with Hada. Five generations from Nashibolu came the brothers Keshina and Guduizhuyan. Keshina's line became the Hada tribe. Guduizhuyan fathered Tailan, and Tailan fathered Buyan. Buyan absorbed neighboring tribes, built Hongni on the Wula River, took the name Wula from the river, and became beile.
35
布顏子二：布干、博克多。 布顏死，布干嗣為部長。 布干子二：滿泰、布佔泰。 布干死，滿泰嗣為部長。 萬曆二十一年夏六月，葉赫糾扈倫諸部侵太祖，滿泰以所部從。 秋九月，葉赫再糾扈倫諸部，及蒙古科爾沁所部，及滿洲長白山所屬，大舉分道侵太祖。 滿泰使布佔泰以所部從，與哈達貝勒孟格布祿、輝發貝勒拜音達里合軍萬人。 戰敗，葉赫貝勒布寨死於陣，科爾沁貝勒明安單騎走。 戰之明日，卒有得布佔泰者，縛以見太祖，曰：「我獲俘，將殺之。 俘大呼勿殺，原自贖。 因縛以來見。」 跽太祖前，太祖問誰何，對曰：「烏喇貝勒滿泰弟布佔泰也，生死惟貝勒命。」 叩首不已。 太祖曰：「汝輩合九部兵為暴於無辜，天實厭之。 昨陣斬布寨，彼時獲汝，汝死決矣！ 今見汝，何忍殺？ 語有之曰：'生人勝殺人，與人勝取人。 '」遂解其縛，與以猞猁猻裘，撫育之。
Buyan had two sons: Bugan and Bokeduo. When Buyan died, Bugan succeeded as chief. Bugan had two sons: Mantai and Butai. When Bugan died, Mantai became chief. In the sixth month of Wanli 21, Yehhe rallied the Hulun tribes against the Taizu, and Mantai marched with his people. That autumn, in the ninth month, Yehhe again united the Hulun tribes with the Kerqin Mongols and the Changbaishan peoples in a great multi-pronged attack on the Taizu. Mantai sent Butai with his following; with Hada Beile Menggebulu and Huifa Beile Bayindari they mustered ten thousand men. They were beaten; Yehhe Beile Buzhai fell in battle, and Kerqin Beile Ming'an fled alone on horseback. The day after the battle a soldier seized Butai, bound him, and brought him to the Taizu, saying: "I took this captive and was about to kill him. The captive cried out not to kill him and offered ransom. So he bound him and brought him in." He knelt before the Taizu, who asked who he was. He answered: "I am Butai, younger brother of Wula Beile Mantai—my life is in your hands." He kowtowed again and again. The Taizu said: "You united nine tribes to ravage the innocent—Heaven itself has turned against you. Yesterday Buzhai was cut down on the field; had we taken you then, you would surely have died! Now that I see you face to face, how could I bear to kill you? As the saying goes: 'To spare a life is better than to take one; to give a man is better than to seize one. '" He untied him, gave him a lynx-fur robe, and kept him in his care.
36
居三年，二十四年秋七月，遣還所部，使圖爾坤黃占、博爾焜蜚揚佔護行。 未至，滿泰及其子淫於所部，皆見殺。 布佔泰至，滿泰有叔興尼牙，將殺而奪其地，二使者嚴護之，興尼牙謀不行，乃出奔葉赫，卒定布佔泰而還。 冬十二月，布佔泰以女弟妻貝勒舒爾哈齊。 二十五年春正月，與葉赫諸部同遣使請盟，盟甫罷，布佔泰旋執太祖所屬瓦爾喀部安褚拉庫所推者羅屯、噶石屯、汪吉努三人送葉赫，使招所部貳於太祖； 又以滿？ 、內河二路頭人為泰妻都都祜所寶銅錘？ 納林布祿。 二十六年春正月，太祖命台吉褚英等伐安褚拉庫路。 冬十二月，布佔泰來謁，以三百人俱，太祖以舒爾哈齊女妻之，賜甲胄五十，敕書十道，禮而遣之。 二十九年冬十一月乙未朔，布佔泰以其兄滿泰女歸太祖。 布佔泰初聘布寨女，既又聘明安女，以鎧冑、貂、猞猁猻裘、金銀、駝馬為聘，明安受之而不予女。 三十一年春正月，布佔泰使告太祖曰：「我昔被擒，待以不死，俾我主烏喇，又妻我以公主，恩我甚深。 我孤恩，嘗聘葉赫、蒙古女，未敢以告。 今蒙古受聘而復悔，我甚恥之！ 乞再降以女，當歲歲從兩公主來朝。」 太祖允其請，又以舒爾哈齊女妻焉。
After three years, in the seventh month of the twenty-fourth year, he was sent home with Tuerkun Huangzhan and Bo'erkun Feiyangzhan as escorts. Before they arrived, Mantai and his son had debauched women of the tribe and were both slain. When Butai arrived, Mantai's uncle Xingniya tried to kill him and seize his domain; the two envoys guarded him closely, Xingniya's plot failed, he fled to Yehhe, Butai was installed as chief, and the escorts returned. In the twelfth month of winter Butai gave his younger sister to Beile Shuerhachi in marriage. In the first month of the twenty-fifth year he joined the Yehhe tribes in suing for peace; no sooner was the pact sealed than Butai seized Luotun, Gashitun, and Wangjinu—leaders chosen by the Taizu's Waljir followers in Anzhulaku—and sent them to Yehhe to turn those people against the Taizu; He also sent Nalinbulu the copper hammer that Mantai's wife Duduhu treasured. and the inner-river two-route chiefs Wei Tai, together with the copper hammer that Mantai's wife Duduhu treasured, to Nalinbulu. to Yehhe Beile Nalinbulu. In the first month of spring in the twenty-sixth year, the Taizu sent Taiji Chuying and others to attack the Anzhulaku district. In the twelfth month of winter Butantai came to pay his respects, accompanied by three hundred men. The Taizu married him to a daughter of Shuerhachi, gave him fifty suits of armor and ten imperial patents, received him with full ceremony, and dismissed him. On the first day of the eleventh month of winter in the twenty-ninth year (yimao), Butantai sent his brother Mantai's daughter to the Taizu as a bride. Butantai had first sought Buzhai's daughter in marriage, then sought Ming'an's daughter, sending armor, sable, lynx pelts, gold and silver, and camels and horses as betrothal gifts. Ming'an took the gifts but refused the girl. In the first month of spring in the thirty-first year Butantai sent word to the Taizu: 'When I was taken prisoner you spared me, restored me to rule Wula, and gave me a princess in marriage. Your kindness was profound. I betrayed that grace: I once sought brides from Yehhe and from the Mongols, but did not dare tell you. Now the Mongols have taken my gifts and broken the betrothal. I am ashamed beyond measure! I beg you to give me another daughter in marriage. Every year I shall come to court with both your princesses.' The Taizu granted his request and again married him to a daughter of Shuerhachi.
37
三十五年春正月，東海瓦爾喀部蜚悠城長策穆特黑謁太祖，自陳屬烏喇，為布佔泰所虐，乞移家來附。 太祖命貝勒舒爾哈齊、褚英、代善率諸將費英東、扈爾漢、揚古利等以兵三千至蜚悠城，收環城屯寨五百戶，分兵三百授扈爾漢、揚古利護之先行。 布佔泰使其叔博克多將萬人要諸途。 日暮，扈爾漢依山結寨以相持。 翌日，烏喇兵來攻，揚古利率兵擊敗之，烏喇兵引退，渡河陟山為固。 褚英、代善等率後軍至，緣山奮擊，烏喇兵大敗，代善陣斬，俘其將常住、胡里布等，斬三千級，獲馬？ 博克多。 是日晝晦，雪，甚寒，烏喇兵死者甚五千、甲三千以還。
In the first month of spring in the thirty-fifth year Chemuhei, chief of Feiyoucheng in the eastern Waljir lands, came before the Taizu. He said he belonged to Wula but had been mistreated by Butantai, and begged permission to move his people and submit. The Taizu ordered Beiles Shuerhachi, Chuying, and Daishan, with the generals Feiyingdong, Hurhan, Yangguli, and others, to march three thousand men to Feiyoucheng. They collected five hundred households from the surrounding stockades and sent three hundred troops ahead under Hurhan and Yangguli as escort. Butantai sent his uncle Bokeduo with ten thousand men to intercept them on the march. At dusk Hurhan pitched a camp against the hillside and held his position. The next day Wula forces attacked. Yangguli drove them back. The Wula troops retreated across the river and fortified themselves on the heights. Chuying and Daishan arrived with the rear guard and charged along the ridge. The Wula army was routed. Daishan killed many in the press of battle; they took the generals Changzhu and Hulibu prisoner, struck down three thousand heads, captured three thousand horses, and took Bokeduo. and took Bokeduo prisoner. That day the sky darkened, snow fell, and the cold was bitter. Wula dead numbered in the thousands; the victors brought back three thousand suits of armor.
38
三十六年春正月，太祖復命褚英及台吉阿敏將五千人伐烏喇，克宜罕阿麟城，斬千人。 布佔泰糾蒙古科爾沁貝勒甕阿代，合軍屯所居城外二十里，畏褚？ ，獲甲三百，俘其餘英等軍強，不敢進，引還。 秋九月，遣使復請修好，太祖使報問。 布佔泰執納林布祿所部種人五十輩，？ 太祖使者盡殺之。 又遣使來請曰：「我數背盟，獲罪於君父，若更以女子子妻我，撫我如子，我永賴以生矣。」 太祖复允其請，又以女子子妻之。
In the first month of spring in the thirty-sixth year the Taizu again sent Chuying and Taiji Amin with five thousand men against Wula. They took Yihanalin city and slew a thousand men. Butantai called up the Mongol Khorchin beile Weng'adai, united their forces, and camped twenty li outside his stronghold, afraid of Chuying's strong army. and the others' army was too strong. They seized three hundred suits of armor, dared not press the attack, and withdrew. In the ninth month of autumn he sent envoys to sue again for peace. The Taizu answered through his own messenger. Butantai seized fifty tribesmen who belonged to Nalinbulu's following and sent them on. and the Taizu's envoy had them all put to death. He sent envoys again with this plea: 'I have broken faith again and again and sinned against my lord. If you will give me another daughter and treat me as your own son, I shall live only by your grace.' The Taizu granted his request once more and gave him another daughter in marriage.
39
四十年，布佔泰复背盟，秋九月，侵太祖所屬虎爾哈路，复欲娶太祖所聘葉赫貝勒布寨女，又以鳴鏑射所娶太祖女。 太祖聞之怒，癸丑，親率兵伐之。 庚申，兵臨烏喇河，布佔泰以所部迎戰，夾河見太祖軍甲胄甚具，士馬盛強，烏喇兵人人惴恐，不敢渡。 太祖循河行，下河濱屬城五，又取金州城，遂駐軍焉。 冬十二月辛酉朔，太祖以太牢告天祭纛，青白氣見東方，指烏喇城北。 太祖屯其地三日，盡焚其儲峙。 布佔泰晝引兵出城，暮入城休。 太祖率兵毀所下六城，廬舍、糗糧皆燼，移軍駐伏爾哈河渡口。 布佔泰使使者三輩以舟出見太祖，布佔泰率其弟喀爾喀瑪及所部拉布泰等繼以舟出，？ 舟中而言曰：「烏喇國即父國也，幸毋盡焚我廬舍、糗糧。」 叩首請甚哀。 太祖立馬河中，數其罪。 布佔泰對曰：「此特讒者離間，使我父子不睦。 我今在舟中，若果有此，惟天惟河神其共鑑之！」 拉布泰自旁儳曰：「貝勒既以此怒，曷不以使者來詰？」 太祖責之曰：「我部下豈少汝輩人耶？ 事實矣，又何詰？ 河冰無時，我兵來亦無時。 汝口雖利，能齒我刃乎？」 布佔泰大懼，止拉布泰毋言。 喀爾喀瑪為乞宥，太祖乃命質其子及所部大酋子，遂還營。 五日引還，度烏喇河濱邑麻虎山巔，以木為城，留千人戍焉。
In the fortieth year Butantai broke faith again. In the ninth month of autumn he raided the Taizu's Hurha districts, sought to marry the daughter of Yehhe beile Buzhai—already promised to the Taizu—and even shot signal arrows at the Taizu's own daughter, his wife. When the Taizu heard this he was furious. On guichou day he led the army in person against Wula. On gengshen day the army reached the Wula River. Butantai came out with his troops. From across the river his men saw the Taizu's armor glittering and his host in full strength. The Wula soldiers were afraid, and none dared cross. The Taizu marched along the river, took five towns on the near bank, then captured Jinzhou and made camp there. On the first day of the twelfth month of winter (xinyou) the Taizu sacrificed to Heaven with the grand offering and raised the war banner. Pale green and white vapors rose in the east, stretching toward the north of Wula. The Taizu camped there three days and burned every storehouse and granary. By day Butantai led his men out; each evening he withdrew into the city. The Taizu destroyed the six towns he had seized, burning dwellings and provisions alike, then shifted camp to the Volha River ford. Butantai sent three envoys out in boats to meet the Taizu. He himself followed with his brother K'erhk'ema, Labutai, and others, also coming out by boat. From the boat he cried: 'Wula is your father's house. I beg you—do not burn all my homes and stores.' He kowtowed again and again, pleading in grief. The Taizu sat his horse in midstream and listed his crimes. Butantai answered: 'Slanderers have set us at odds and made father and son enemies. I stand in this boat. If I have done what you say, let Heaven and the river god bear witness!' Labutai broke in from the side: 'If the beile is angry, why not send an envoy to demand an answer?' The Taizu rebuked him: 'Do I lack men like you in my service? The facts are plain. What is there to question? The river freezes when it will; my armies march when they will. Your tongue is sharp—but can it turn my blade?' Butantai was terrified and silenced Labutai. K'erhk'ema begged for mercy. The Taizu demanded hostages—Butantai's sons and the sons of his great chiefs—then withdrew to camp. Five days later he marched home. On Mahu Mountain above the Wula he built a wooden fort and left a thousand men to hold it.
40
十二月，有白氣起烏喇，經太祖所居南屬虎攔哈達山。 布佔泰旋复背盟，幽太祖及舒爾哈齊女，將以其女薩哈廉子綽啟鼐及所部大酋子十七人質於葉赫，娶太祖所聘貝勒布寨女。 四十一年春正月，太祖聞，复率兵伐之。 布佔泰期以是月丙子送其子出質，而太祖軍以乙亥至，攻下孫扎泰及郭多、俄謨三城。 丙子，布佔泰以兵三萬越伏爾哈城而軍，太祖猶欲諭之降。 諸貝勒代善、阿敏，諸將費英東、何和里、扈爾漢、額亦都、安費揚古皆請戰，曰：「我利速戰，但慮彼不出耳。 今既出，平原廣野，可一鼓擒也！ 捨此不戰，厲兵秣馬，何為乎來？ 且使布佔泰娶葉赫女，辱莫甚焉！ 雖後討之，何益？」 太祖曰：「我荷天寵，自少在兵間，遇勁敵，無不單騎突陣者！ 今日何難率汝輩身先搏戰。 但慮諸貝勒、諸將或一二夷傷，我所深惜，故欲出萬全，非有所懼也。 今汝輩志一，即可決戰。」 因命被甲，諸貝勒、諸將則大歡，一軍盡甲，令曰：「勝即奪門，毋使復入！」 乃率兵進。 布佔泰自伏爾哈城率兵還，令其軍皆步為陣，兩軍距百步。 太祖軍亦皆舍馬步戰，矢交如雨，呼聲震天。 太祖躬入陣，諸貝勒、諸將從之縱擊，烏喇兵大敗，死者十六七。 師入，太祖坐西門樓，命樹幟。 布佔泰餘兵不滿百，還至城下，見幟則大奔。 遇代善，布佔泰兵皆潰，僅以身免，奔葉赫。 太祖使請於葉赫，葉赫不聽。 後七年，太祖克葉赫，布佔泰蓋已前死。
In the twelfth month a white comet rose over Wula and swept past the Taizu's camp southward along Hulan Hada ridge. Butantai soon broke faith again. He shut up the Taizu's daughter and Shuerhachi's daughter, prepared to send his own daughter, his grandson Chuochinai, and seventeen sons of his chiefs as hostages to Yehhe, and to marry the girl already promised to the Taizu—Buzhai's daughter. In the first month of spring in the forty-first year the Taizu heard the news and marched against Wula once more. Butantai had promised to send his son out as hostage on bingzi day that month, but the Taizu's army arrived on yihai and seized the three towns Sunzhatai, Guoduo, and Emo. On bingzi day Butantai brought thirty thousand men across Volha and drew up his line. The Taizu still hoped to persuade him to yield. Beiles Daishan and Amin, with the generals Feiyingdong, Heheli, Hurhan, Eidu, and Anfeyanggu, all pressed for battle: 'We gain by a quick fight—we only feared they would not come out. Now they are in the open on level ground—we can break them in a single charge! If we refuse battle after sharpening blades and feeding horses, why did we march here at all? And if we let Butantai marry the Yehhe girl—the insult could not be worse! Even if we punish him later, what good will it do?' The Taizu said: 'Heaven has favored me. Since my youth, in every battle against a strong foe, I have ridden alone into the enemy line! What difficulty is there today in leading you into the press ahead of all? But I dread that one of you beiles or generals might be wounded or killed. That is what I cannot bear. I sought a sure victory—not from fear. Now your minds are one. Let us fight.' He ordered them to arm. The beiles and generals shouted for joy; the whole army buckled on armor. His command ran: 'When we win, take the gates—do not let them back inside!' Then he led the attack. Butantai marched back from Volha and formed his men on foot. The two hosts stood a hundred paces apart. The Taizu's men too dismounted to fight. Arrows fell like rain; the battle cry shook the sky. The Taizu plunged into the fight himself. The beiles and generals followed in a furious charge. The Wula army broke; six or seven men in ten were slain. The army entered the city. The Taizu took his seat on the western gate tower and ordered his banners raised. Butantai's remnant—fewer than a hundred men—reached the walls, saw the banners, and fled in panic. They ran into Daishan. Butantai's force dissolved. He alone escaped and fled to Yehhe. The Taizu demanded his surrender from Yehhe. Yehhe refused. Seven years later, when the Taizu overthrew Yehhe, Butantai was already dead.
41
拜音達里，輝發部長也。 輝發亦扈倫四部之一，其先姓益克得里氏，居黑龍江岸。 尼馬察部有昂古里星古力者，自黑龍江載木主遷於渣魯，居焉。 時扈倫部噶揚噶、圖墨土二人居張城，二人者姓納喇氏，昂古里星古力因附其族，宰七牛祭天，改姓納喇，是為輝發始祖。
Bayindari was chief of the Huifa tribe. Huifa was one of the four Hulun tribes. Their forebears were of the Yikederi clan and lived on the banks of the Amur. Among the Niman people was Angulixingguli, who carried his ancestral tablet down from the Amur and settled at Zhalu. Two men of the Nara clan, Gayangga and Tumu'tu of Hulun, then held Zhangcheng. Angulixingguli joined their line, sacrificed seven oxen to Heaven, and took the name Nara. He became the ancestor of Huifa.
42
昂古里星古力子二：留臣、備臣。 備臣子二：納領噶、耐寬。 納領噶生拉哈都督，拉哈都督生噶哈禪都督，噶哈禪都督生齊訥根達爾漢，齊訥根達爾漢生王機褚。 王機褚收鄰近諸部，度輝發河濱扈爾奇山，築城以居，因號輝發。 城負險堅峻，蒙古察哈爾部扎薩克圖土門汗嘗自將攻之，不能克。 王機褚死時，其長子前死，孫拜音達里，殺其叔七人，自立為貝勒。
Angulixingguli had two sons: Liuchen and Beichen. Beichen had two sons: Nalingga and Naikuan. Nalingga was father to Commander Laha; Laha to Commander Gahachan; Gahachan to Qinegendaerhan; Qinegendaerhan to Wangjichu. Wangjichu absorbed the neighboring tribes, crossed to Hurqi Mountain on the Huifa River, and built a walled town there. His people took the name Huifa from that place. The town stood on formidable heights. Zasakhtu Tumen Khan of the Mongol Chakhar once led the assault in person and failed to take it. When Wangjichu died his eldest son was already dead. The grandson Bayindari killed seven uncles and made himself beile.
43
萬曆二十一年夏六月，葉赫糾哈達、烏喇諸部侵太祖，拜音達里以所部從。 秋九月，复舉兵，拜音達里與哈達貝勒孟格布祿、烏喇貝勒布佔泰合兵萬人，兵敗，還。 二十三年夏六月，太祖攻輝發，取所屬多璧城，輝發將克充格、蘇猛格二人戍，殲焉。 二十五年春正月有攜心。 拜音？ ，與葉赫諸部同遣使行成於太祖。 居數年，拜音達里之族有叛附葉赫者，部達里懼，以所屬七人之子質於太祖，太祖發兵千人助之鎮撫。 葉赫貝勒納林布祿使告拜音達里曰：「爾以質子歸我，亦歸爾叛族。」 拜音達里信之，乃曰：「吾其中立於滿洲、葉赫二國之間乎！」 遂取質子還，以其子質於納林布祿。 納林布祿殊無意歸叛族，拜音達里以告太祖，且曰：「吾前者為納林布祿所誑，怙舊恩，敢請婚。」 太祖許之。 既而拜音達里背約不娶，太祖使詰之曰：「汝昔助葉赫，再舉兵侵我。 我既宥爾罪，复許爾婚。 今背約不娶，何也？」 拜音達里詭對曰：「吾子質葉赫，須其歸，娶爾女，與爾合謀。」 因築城三重自固。 及其子自葉赫歸，太祖復遣使問，拜音達里倚城堅，度兵即至，足以守，遂負盟。 三十五年秋九月丙申，長星出東方指輝發，八夕乃滅。 乙亥，太祖率師討之。 甲辰，合圍，遂克之，殺拜音達里及其子，安集其民，帥師還。 輝發亡。
In the sixth month of summer in Wanli 21 Yehhe called up Hada and Wula against the Taizu. Bayindari marched with his tribe. In the ninth month they attacked again. Bayindari joined Hada beile Menggebulu and Wula beile Butantai with ten thousand men. They were beaten and withdrew. In the sixth month of summer in the twenty-third year the Taizu struck Huifa and took Duobi. He wiped out the garrison commanded by Kechongge and Sumengge. In the first month of spring in the twenty-fifth year his followers' loyalty wavered. Bayindari joined the Yehhe tribes in sending envoys to sue for peace with the Taizu. Some years later part of Bayindari's clan defected to Yehhe. Bayindari, afraid, sent the sons of seven chiefs as hostages to the Taizu. The Taizu sent a thousand men to help him hold his people. Yehhe beile Nalinbulu sent word to Bayindari: 'Give me back the hostages and I will return your defectors.' Bayindari believed him and said, 'Then I shall stand between Manchu and Yehhe and owe neither side!' He recalled the hostages and sent his own son to Nalinbulu instead. Nalinbulu never meant to return the defectors. Bayindari told the Taizu, 'Nalinbulu tricked me before. Trusting in your old kindness, I dare ask for a marriage alliance.' The Taizu agreed. Soon Bayindari broke the betrothal. The Taizu sent to rebuke him: 'You once aided Yehhe and twice marched against me. I pardoned you and promised you my daughter. Now you break faith and refuse the match. Why?' Bayindari answered evasively: 'My son is hostage in Yehhe. When he returns I will marry your daughter and join you in counsel.' He then ringed himself with three lines of fortification. When his son returned from Yehhe, the Taizu sent envoys again. Bayindari trusted his walls, reckoned that relief would come in time, and broke faith. In the ninth month of autumn in the thirty-fifth year, on a bingshen day, a long comet rose in the east toward Huifa and faded after eight nights. On yihai day the Taizu marched against him. On jiachen day they closed the ring, took the city, killed Bayindari and his son, pacified the people, and withdrew. Huifa was destroyed.
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論曰：扈倫四部，哈達最強，葉赫稍後起，與相埒，烏喇、輝發差弱。 其通於明，皆，令於所部則曰「國」。 太祖漸強盛，四部合攻之，兵敗縱散，以次覆滅。 太祖與？ 以所領四部皆有連，奪其地，殲其酋，顯庸其族裔。 疆埸之事不以婚媾逭，有時乃藉口以啟戎，自古則然，不足異也。
The historian comments: Among the four Hulun tribes Hada was strongest; Yehhe rose later and matched it; Wula and Huifa were weaker. In their relations with the Ming they were all counted as beile, and among their followers they ruled as "states." As the Taizu grew strong, the four tribes joined against him, were defeated and scattered, and fell one by one. The Taizu, because the four tribes under him were all linked by marriage and kinship, seized their lands, destroyed their chiefs, and ennobled their clansmen. Border affairs are not settled by marriage alone; sometimes war is begun under the cover of such ties. It has always been so, and is nothing strange.