1
庫爾纏<sub>弟庫拜</sub>英俄爾岱滿達爾漢<sub>弟馬福塔</sub>明安達禮}}額爾德尼，納喇氏，世居都英額。 少明敏，兼通蒙古、漢文。 太祖時來歸，隸正黃旗滿洲。 從伐蒙古諸部，能因其土俗、語言、文字宣示意旨，招納降附。 賜號『巴克什』。
This chapter treats Ku'erchan, Ying'e'erdai, Mandarhan, Ming'andali, and others. E Erdeni, of the Nara clan, came from a family long established at Duying'e. He was clever from boyhood and fluent in both Mongol and Chinese. During the reign of Taizu he submitted and was assigned to the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. On campaigns against the Mongol tribes he could convey the throne's intent in their own customs, language, and writing and bring in those who submitted. The court bestowed on him the title Bakshi.
2
滿洲初起時，猶用蒙古文字，兩國語言異，必迻譯而成文，國人以為不便。 太祖起兵之十六年，歲己亥二月辛亥朔，召巴克什額爾德尼、扎爾固齊、噶蓋使製國書。 額爾德尼、噶蓋辭以夙習蒙古文字，未易更制。 上曰：『漢人誦漢文，未習漢字者皆知之； 蒙古人誦蒙古文，未習蒙古字者皆知之。 我國語必譯為蒙古語，始成文可誦； 則未習蒙古語者，不能知也。 奈何以我國語製字為難，而以習他國語為易耶？』 額爾德尼、噶蓋請更制之法，上曰：『是不難。 但以蒙古字協我國語音，聯屬為句，因文以見義可矣。』 於是製國書，行於國中。 滿洲有文字自此始。
In the early Manchu rise the state still relied on Mongol writing; because the languages differed, every document had to be translated, which countrymen found cumbersome. In the sixteenth year of Taizu's uprising, on the first day of the second month of jihai (1599), he called Bakshi E Erdeni, Jarguci, and Gai to create a national script. E Erdeni and Gai pleaded that long habit in the Mongol script made reform difficult. The emperor replied: "When Chinese read Chinese aloud, even those who never learned the characters understand;" when Mongols read Mongol aloud, even the illiterate understand." Our tongue must be turned into Mongol before it becomes readable text; so anyone who has not learned Mongol cannot follow it." Why call it hard to devise a script for our own speech, yet easy to master a foreign tongue?" E Erdeni and Gai asked for a method of reform. The emperor said: "That is not difficult." Adapt Mongol letters to our phonology, link them into sentences, and let the script carry the sense." The national script was then produced and circulated within the realm. Manchu writing dates from this moment.
3
天命三年，從伐明，取撫順，師還。 明總兵張承廕自廣寧率衆臨我師，后額爾德尼偕諸將還擊，斬承廕。 叙功，授副將。 太宗時，額爾德尼已前卒，嘗諭文館諸臣，歎為一代傑出。
In Tianming 3 he joined the attack on Ming, captured Fushun, and withdrew. When Ming commander Zhang Chengyin marched from Guangning against the army, E Erdeni and other generals counterattacked and killed him. For his service he was made vice commander. By Taizong's reign E Erdeni was already dead; the emperor once told the Literary Bureau he had been a man of rare talent.
4
順治十一年，追諡文成。 子薩哈連，官至鑾儀衛冠軍，使賜姓赫舍里，改入大學士希福族中。
In Shunzhi 11 he received the posthumous name Wencheng. His son Sahalian became Champion of the Imperial Procession Guard; on embassy he received the surname Heseri and was enrolled in Grand Secretary Xifu's clan.
5
噶蓋，伊爾根覺羅氏，世居呼納赫。 後隸滿洲鑲黃旗。 太祖以為扎爾固齊，位亞費英東。 歲癸巳閏十一月，命與額亦都、安費揚古將千人攻納殷佛多和山寨，斬其酋搜穩寨克什。 歲戊戌正月，命與台吉褚英、巴雅喇及費英東將千人伐安褚拉庫路，降屯寨二十餘。 歲己亥，受命製國書。 是年九月，命與費英東將二千人戍哈達。 哈達貝勒孟格布祿貳於明，將執二將。 二將以告，太祖遂滅哈達，以孟格布祿歸。 孟格布祿有逆謀，噶蓋坐不覺察，併誅。 子武善。
Gai, of the Irgen Gioro clan, came from Hunahe. He was later assigned to the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. Taizu appointed him jarguci, second only to Fei Yingdong. In the intercalary eleventh month of guisi he and Eidu and Anfiyanggu led a thousand men against the Nain Foduhe stockade and killed its chief Suwensaikeashi. In the first month of wuxu he, Cuying, Bayara, and Fei Yingdong led a thousand men against Antuhalaku and took more than twenty forts. In jihai he was charged with creating the national script. That September he and Fei Yingdong were sent to garrison Hada with two thousand troops. Hada beile Menggebulu wavered toward Ming and planned to arrest the two commanders. They reported it; Taizu destroyed Hada and brought Menggebulu back. When Menggebulu plotted rebellion, Gai was condemned for not detecting it and was executed with him. He left a son, Wushan.
6
武善年十六，太祖念噶蓋舊勞，授牛錄額真。 天命九年，明將毛文龍遣兵入海島屯耕。 語詳冷格里傳。 文龍復遣兵三百登海岸掠，武善與滿？ ，太祖命武善與冷格里擊之，殲其都裡率兵追擊，斬裨將三，還所掠。 太宗即位，列十六大臣，佐鑲紅旗。 天聰八年，上遣諸將伐明，武善與阿山為後隊，遵上方略，設伏敗敵，授三等甲喇章京。 崇德元年，诇知明兵襲濱海鹺場，上命武善與吏部參政吉恩哈馳援，擊走明兵。 三年正月，喀爾喀扎薩克圖窺歸化城，上自將御之，武善與吳巴海從。 吳巴海？ 卒盜軍糈，武善坐徇隱，奪世職。 八月，授工部參政。 時蒙古、瓦爾喀諸部皆附，使至，每以武善典其事。 順治元年，卒。
At sixteen Wushan received a niru captaincy in remembrance of Gai's service. In Tianming 9 Mao Wenlong sent men to farm on offshore islands. The fuller account appears in Lenggeli's biography. Wenlong again sent three hundred men to raid the coast; Wushan and Manduli met them; Taizu then ordered Wushan and Lenggeli to strike, wiped out the raiders, and Manduli pursued, killing three lieutenant generals and recovering the plunder. At Taizong's accession Wushan became one of the Sixteen Ministers for the Bordered Red Banner. In Tiancong 8, on the Ming campaign, Wushan and Ashan commanded the rear, set an ambush as directed, routed the enemy, and received third-rank jalan rank. In Chongde 1, when Ming troops struck the coastal salt fields, Wushan and Ji'enha were sent in relief and repulsed them. In the first month of year 3, as Khalkha Zasaktu threatened Guihua, the emperor marched in person and Wushan followed with Wubahai. Wubahai's troops stole army rations; Wushan was punished for covering it up and lost his hereditary rank. In the eighth month he became vice commissioner of Works. As Mongol and Warka tribes submitted, Wushan was routinely placed over incoming embassies. He died in Shunzhi 1.
7
布善，武善弟。 事太宗，授巴牙喇甲喇章京，兼牛錄額真。 尋護巴牙喇纛章京，列議政大臣。 崇德五年，從伐明，攻錦州，擊敗杏山騎兵。 六年，復從伐明，攻松山，洪承疇以十三萬人赴援，布善先众力戰卻敵。 上度明兵眾而餉不繼，必引去，命諸將比翼列營，直抵海濱。 入夜，明兵果引去，諸將截擊，布善率兵窮追，斬獲無算。 八年，復從伐明，攻克前、中前所。 順治初，從入關，予牛錄章京世職。 二年，從征江南，卒於軍。
Bushan was Wushan's brother. Under Taizong he received bayara jalan rank and a niru captaincy. He later guarded the bayara standard and sat among the Deliberative Ministers. In Chongde 5 he joined the Ming campaign, besieged Jinzhou, and routed Xingshan's horsemen. In year 6 at Songshan, as Hong Chengchou advanced with 130,000 men, Bushan fought in the van and repulsed them. Judging the Ming host too large to feed and sure to retreat, the emperor ordered generals to camp abreast and drive to the coast. That night the Ming force withdrew; generals cut them off and Bushan pursued relentlessly, with countless kills and captures. In year 8 he again joined the Ming campaign and took Qian and Zhongqian stations. At the founding of Shunzhi he entered the pass and received a hereditary niru command. In year 2 he campaigned in Jiangnan and died on campaign.
8
誇札，布善子，襲職。 遇恩詔，進二等阿達哈哈番。 十七年，授護軍參領，兼佐領。 康熙十三年，從定南將軍希爾根討耿精忠，圍撫州，屢破賊，賊棄城走。 四年，從大將軍安親王岳樂討吳三桂，其將夏國相屯萍鄉，依山結寨。 誇札率兵奮擊，大破之，國相等棄資械走。 十七年，遷護軍統領。 十八年，擢鑲紅旗蒙古都統。 從安親王攻武岡，軍器輜重自水道進，賊截溪，誇札率兵馳擊，賊卻走。 綠旗兵屯溪岸，賊舟坌集逼屯，誇札自陸赴援，道險，？ ，馬不能行，乃率兵步行。 賊據山梁，設鹿角，列火器以拒，誇札督兵直前，斬獲甚賊水陸皆潰。 十九年，命將湖廣兵詣廣西，參贊大將軍簡親王喇布軍務，討叛將馬承廕，克武寧，進取像州，圍柳州，承廕降，進复慶遠。 廣西平，還京。 二十一年，卒。？ 功，進一等阿達哈哈番。
Kuazha, Bushan's son, succeeded to the post. An amnesty edict raised him to second-rank adahafan. In year 17 he became Guard deputy commander and assistant captain. In Kangxi 13 he followed Xiergen against Geng Jingzhong, besieged Fuzhou, repeatedly routed the rebels, and they fled the city. In year 4 he followed Prince An Yuele against Wu Sangui; Xia Guoxiang held Pingxiang on the hills. Kuazha stormed the position, broke it utterly, and Guoxiang fled abandoning equipment. In year 17 he was made Guard commander. In year 18 he rose to Mongol commander of the Bordered Red Banner. At Wugang, as supplies moved by river and rebels blocked the stream, Kuazha charged and drove them off. Green troops held the bank while rebel boats crowded in; Kuazha marched overland to relieve them, but the path was treacherous and so narrow that horses could not pass; he continued on foot. Rebels on the ridge with abatis and muskets blocked him; Kuazha pressed forward, inflicted heavy losses, and broke them on land and water. In year 19 he led Huguang forces to Guangxi to assist Prince Jian Labu against Ma Chengguang, took Wuning and Xiangzhou, besieged Liuzhou until Chengguang surrendered, and recovered Qingyuan. After Guangxi was pacified he returned to Beijing. He died in year 21. service he was posthumously raised to first-rank adahafan.
9
達海，先世居覺爾察，以地為氏。 祖博洛，太祖時來歸。 父艾密禪。 旗制定，隸滿洲正藍旗。
Dahai's forebears lived at Jiorca and took the place as their surname. Grandfather Boluo submitted in Taizu's day. His father was Aimishan. When banners were organized he joined the Manchu Plain Blue Banner.
10
達海幼慧，九歲即通滿、漢文義。 弱冠，太祖召直左右，與明通使命，若蒙古、朝鮮聘問往還，皆使屬草； 令於國中，有當兼用漢文者，皆使承命傳宣：悉稱太祖旨。 旋命譯明會典及素書、三略。 太宗始置文館，命分兩直：達海及剛林、蘇開、顧爾馬渾、托布戚譯漢字書籍； 庫爾？ 、吳巴什、查素喀、胡球、詹霸記註國政。
Dahai was precocious; at nine he grasped Manchu and Chinese. At majority Taizu kept him at court; he drafted all correspondence with Ming, Mongolia, and Korea; wherever Chinese was needed domestically, he issued proclamations in the emperor's name. He was soon set to translate the Ming Collected Statutes, Su Shu, and Three Strategies. Taizong's new Literary Bureau split into two shifts: Dahai, Ganglin, Sukai, Guermahun, and Tobuci translated Chinese texts; Ku'erchan, Wubashi, Chasuka, Huqiu, and Zhanba recorded state affairs.
11
天聰三年，上伐明，既擊破滿桂等四總兵軍，遣達海齎書與明議和，明閉關拒勿納； 復命達海為書二通，一置德勝門外，一置安定門外，乃引師還。 四年，复伐明，至沙河驛，命達海以漢語諭降。 克永平，命達海持黃旗登城，以漢語諭軍民，城中望見，皆羅跪呼「萬歲」。 降將孟喬芳、楊文魁、楊聲遠從貝勒阿巴泰入見，命達海以漢語慰勞。 三屯營、漢兒莊既降，明兵襲三屯營。 上慮漢兒莊复叛，命達海以漢語撫定之。 是年，所譯書成，授游擊。 五年七月，賜號「巴克什」。 九月，复伐明，破大凌河，命達海以漢語招總兵祖大壽。 上賜宴，復命傳諭慰勞。 十二月，定朝儀。
In Tiancong 3, after defeating Man Gui and three other Ming commanders, Dahai was sent to sue for peace; Ming shut the gates and refused the letter; Dahai wrote two letters left at Desheng and Anding Gates, then withdrew. In year 4, reaching Shahe Post, Dahai was ordered to call for surrender in Chinese. At Yongping's fall Dahai mounted the wall with a yellow banner and addressed the populace in Chinese; the city knelt and shouted "Long live!" Surrendered generals Meng Qiaofang, Yang Wenkui, and Yang Shengyuan were received through Prince Abatai; Dahai comforted them in Chinese. After Santunying and Han'erzhuang submitted, Ming raided Santunying. Fearing Han'erzhuang might revolt, the emperor sent Dahai to reassure it in Chinese. When the translations were completed that year he received guerrilla rank. In the seventh month of year 5 he received the title Bakshi. In the ninth month, after taking Dalinghe, Dahai was sent to summon Zu Dashou in Chinese. The emperor feasted him and again ordered comforting words delivered. Court ceremony was fixed in the twelfth month.
12
達海治國書，補額爾德尼、噶蓋所未備，增為十二字頭。 六年三月，太宗諭達海曰：「十二字頭無識別，上下字相同。 幼學習之，尋常言語，猶易通曉； 若人姓名及山川、土地，無文義可尋，必且舛誤。 爾其審度字旁加圈點，使音義分明，俾讀者易曉。」 達海承命尋繹，字旁加圈點。 又以國書與漢字對音，補所未備，謂：「舊有十二字頭為正字，新補為外字，猶不能盡協，則以兩字合音為一字，較漢文翻切尤精當。」 國書始大備。 是年六月，達海病，踰月病亟。 上聞，垂涕，遣侍臣往視，賜蟒緞，並諭當優恤其子。 達海聞命感愴，已不能言，數日遂卒，年三十八。 時方譯通鑑、六韜、孟子、三國志、大乘經，皆未竟。
Dahai refined the national script, completing E Erdeni and Gai's work and expanding it to twelve syllabic heads. In the third month of year 6 Taizong told Dahai: "The twelve heads are indistinguishable; identical forms stand for different readings. In childhood study ordinary speech is still intelligible; but personal names and place-names have no inferable sense and will surely be misread. Add circles and dots beside characters to distinguish sounds and meanings for easier reading." Dahai obeyed and devised circles and dots beside the characters. He also aligned the script with Chinese phonology, saying: "The original twelve heads are standard forms; new supplements are outer characters; where these fail, two letters may fuse into one—finer than Chinese fanqie." The national script was now complete. That sixth month Dahai fell ill; after a month he was near death. The emperor wept, sent visitors, granted python robes, and ordered his son well provided for. Moved by the decree he could no longer speak and died within days at thirty-eight. Translation of the Comprehensive Mirror, Six Secret Teachings, Mencius, Three Kingdoms, and Mahayana Sutra remained unfinished.
13
無完者。 七年二月，以其長子雅？ 達海廉謹，在文館久，為領袖。 其卒也，當斂，求秦降一等襲職，授備禦。 國初文臣無世職，有之自達海始。 十年，賜諡文成。 康熙八年五月，聖祖從其孫禪布請，立碑紀績。
None was finished. In the second month of the seventh year his eldest son Yaqin Dahai was prudent and long headed the Literary Bureau. At his burial Yaqin sought a one-rank reduction and received beiyu rank. Civil hereditary rank began with Dahai. In year 10 he received the posthumous name Wencheng. In Kangxi 8, at grandson Chanbu's request, the emperor erected a memorial stele.
14
達海子四，長子雅秦，以備禦兼管佐領。 崇德三年，從伐明，毀董家口邊牆入，略明畿內，下山東，所向克捷。 還，出青山口，遇明軍，雅秦率步兵擊敗之。 四年，從攻松山。 六年，從圍錦州，城兵突出犯我軍，雅秦率所部兵禦敵，皆有功。 旋授吏部理事官。 八年，調戶部理事官。 順治元年四月，從入關，擊敗李自成。 迭遇恩詔，進世職至二等阿思哈尼哈番。 八年三月，授吏部侍郎。 七月，擢國史院大學士。 十月，卒。 九年，上以恩詔進世職過濫，命改為一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。 予其子禪布襲職。 康熙二十一年，聖祖巡方，命從官祭雅秦墓。
Dahai's eldest son Yaqin held beiyu rank and an assistant captaincy. In Chongde 3 he breached the wall at Dongjiakou, raided the capital region and Shandong, and won everywhere. Returning through Qingshan Pass he met Ming forces and routed them with infantry. In year 4 he joined the Songshan siege. In year 6 at Jinzhou he repelled sallies with merit. He soon became a Personnel administrative officer. In year 8 he moved to Revenue. In Shunzhi 1 he entered the pass and defeated Li Zicheng. Amnesty edicts raised his hereditary rank to second-rank ashanihafan. In the third month of year 8 he became Personnel vice minister. In the seventh month he rose to Historiography Grand Secretary. He died in the tenth month. In year 9 the throne curtailed amnesty inflation, resetting his rank to first adahafan with toshalahafan. Son Chanbu inherited the office. On Kangxi 21's imperial tour officials sacrificed at Yaqin's tomb.
15
達海次子辰德，太宗嘗召其兄弟，賜饌予幣，命辰德勤習漢文，其後仕未顯。
Second son Chende was urged to study Chinese by Taizong but never rose prominently.
16
三子喇捫，康熙間，以前鋒統領從討吳三桂，戰衡州，陣沒，贈拖沙喇哈番。
Third son Lamen died at Hengzhou fighting Wu Sangui and received posthumous toshalahafan.
17
四子常額，雅秦卒後，世祖特授學士，而雅秦子禪布，康熙初亦官秘書院學士，為達海請立碑。 三桂既平之明年，聖祖諮諸大學士：「達海巴克什子孫有入仕者乎？」 明珠對：「聞有孫為鴻臚寺官。」 因下吏部錄達海諸孫陳布祿等十二人引見，命授陳布祿刑部郎中。 其後國子監祭酒阿理瑚請以達海從祀孔子廟，禮部尚書韓菼議不可，乃罷。
Fourth son Changer became bachelor after Yaqin's death; grandson Chanbu petitioned for Dahai's stele. After the rebellion was crushed the emperor asked whether Dahai's descendants still served. Mingju said a grandson served in the Court of Imperial Entertainments. Twelve grandsons including Chenbulu were presented; Chenbulu became a Punishments director. A later proposal to enshrine Dahai in Confucius's temple was rejected by Rites Minister Han Tan.
18
達海以增定國書，滿洲？ 推為聖人。 其子孫：男子系紫帶，亞於宗姓； 女子不選秀女。
For refining the national script Manchu honored him as a sage. Male descendants wore purple belts below imperial clansmen; their women were exempt from palace selection.
19
尼堪，納喇氏，世居松阿里烏喇。 太祖時來歸，賜號「巴克什」。 旗制定，隸滿洲鑲博爾晉等率師伐虎爾哈部，收五？ 白旗。 初以說降蒙古科爾沁部，授備禦。 天命十年，偕侍百戶以還，上郊勞賜宴。
Nikan of the Nara clan came from Songali Wula. He submitted under Taizu and received the title Bakshi. When banners were fixed he joined the Bordered White Banner. He followed Bo'erjin against the Hurka and returned with five hundred-odd households. For talking the Khorchin Mongols into submission he received beiyu rank. In Tianming 10 he returned with a hundred attendants and was feasted outside the capital.
20
。從太宗伐明，攻錦州，有功。 七年，從諸貝勒按獄蒙古諸部，？ 天聰初，擢一等侍牛錄額真阿什達爾漢以所齎敕二十道付尼堪，尼堪以授從者，失其九。 所司論劾，罰如律。 蒿齊忒部台吉額林等來歸，命尼堪往迎。 八年正月，收其部落戶口、牲畜以還。 七月，上伐來歸，命尼堪還盛京安置。 時鄭親王濟爾哈朗留守，使尼堪偕卦爾察、？ 明，道遇察哈爾部席特庫率兵十二人偵明兵。 明兵適至，奮擊敗之，逐至遼河，凡三戰，斬馘百餘，明兵引退。 九年，從貝勒岳託戍歸化城，土默特部私與明通，岳託使尼堪及參領阿爾津伺塞上，得明使四輩、土默特使十輩，皆執以歸。 尋與英俄爾岱等使朝鮮。
He joined Taizong's Ming campaigns and served at Jinzhou. In year 7 he joined princes judging Mongol cases; at Tiancong's opening he rose to first-rank attendant. Ashadahan gave him twenty edicts; he passed them to followers and lost nine. Impeachment brought legal punishment. When Haqitai chief Elin submitted, Nikan was sent to welcome him. In the first month of year 8 he returned with tribes and livestock. In the seventh month, while the emperor campaigned, Nikan was sent to settle returnees at Shengjing. Prince Zheng Jirhala, guarding the capital, sent Nikan with Guarcia and Sun Daire against Ming; en route they met Chahar Xiteku scouting with twelve men. Ming troops appeared; they fought thrice to the Liao, killed over a hundred, and drove Ming off. In year 9 at Guihua he helped Yueto seize four Ming and ten Tumed envoys colluding on the border. He soon joined Ying'e'erdai on embassy to Korea.
21
崇德元年六月，授理籓院承政。 二年正月，太宗伐朝鮮，既克其都，命尼堪及吉思哈、葉克舒帥師？ 護科爾沁、扎魯特、敖漢、柰曼諸部兵伐瓦爾喀，將出朝鮮境，朝鮮兵屯吉木海，阻師行，尼堪督兵進擊，大破之，斬平壤巡撫。 既，朝鮮兵二萬餘人復來追襲，尼堪等設伏誘敵，殲萬餘人。 敵遁，據山巔立柵拒守，師圍之三日，遂下。 降哈忙城巡撫及總兵副使以下官，獲牲畜、布帛諸物無算。 進略瓦爾喀部，以所獲畀蒙古諸部兵，尋引師還。 复偕阿什達爾漢使科爾沁、巴林、扎魯特、喀喇沁諸部頒赦詔，會諸部王貝勒清庶獄。 三年五月，坐讞獄科爾沁失實，解任。 七月，授理籓院右參政。 四年，伐明，徵蒙古諸部兵，兵至不如額，命尼堪使科爾沁、喀喇沁、土默特諸部詰責。 五年四月，上以尼堪充副任使，授三等，編為八牛錄。 七月，復命徵蒙古諸部？ 甲喇章京。 復命安集索倫、郭爾羅斯兩部新附之兵伐索倫，簡其軍實。
In the sixth month of Chongde 1 he became Colonial Affairs chief. In the second year's first month, after Korea's capital fell, Nikan, Jisiha, and Yekešu were ordered to lead Khorchin, Jarud, Aohan, and Naiman auxiliaries against Warka; blocked at Jihaihai, he broke Korean lines and killed Pyongyang's governor. When twenty thousand Koreans pursued, he ambushed and destroyed over ten thousand. Fleeing enemies held a hilltop fort; after three days' siege it fell. They took Hamang's governor and officers and incalculable booty. Advancing into Warka they distributed spoils to Mongols and withdrew. With Ashadahan he proclaimed amnesty across Khorchin, Barin, Jarud, and Khalkha and cleared prisons. In the fifth month of year 3 false judgment in a Khorchin case cost him his post. In the seventh month he became right vice commissioner of Colonial Affairs. In year 4, when Mongol levies fell short, he was sent to rebuke Khorchin, Khalkha, and Tumed. In the fifth month of year 5 he received third rank and eight niru as deputy envoy. In the seventh month he was again ordered to levy Mongols and was made jalan commander. He also settled newly submitted Solon and Gorlos troops and campaigned against Solon, inspecting their forces.
22
世祖定鼎，論功，進二等。 順治二年，從豫親王多鐸下河南，將蒙古兵自南陽趨歸德。 四年，論功，進三？ ，降州一、縣四。 論功，進一等。 三年，從多鐸討蘇尼特部，大破其等阿思哈尼哈番。 遷理籓院尚書。 六年，喀爾喀使至，餽睿親王多爾袞馬，巽親王滿達海以為言，尼堪啟王，王曰：「如例云何？」 尼堪曰：「外籓職貢，例不當餽諸王。」 王惡其語侵己，令內大臣議罪，奪其俸。 三遇恩詔，進三等精奇尼哈番，世襲。 十年，上以尼堪老，進二等，致仕。 十七年，卒。 無子，以其弟阿穆爾圖、阿錫圖，從子瑪拉、兆資分襲世職。 瑪拉自有傳。
At the dynasty's founding his merit earned second rank. In Shunzhi 2 he followed Yoto into Henan and led Mongols from Nanyang toward Guide. In year 4 merit raised him to third rank; one prefecture and four counties submitted. For further merit he reached first rank. In year 3 he followed Duo Duo against the Sunite and crushed them, reaching ashanihafan. He became Colonial Affairs minister. In year 6 Khalkha envoys gifted horses to Dorgon; Mandahai protested; Nikan cited precedent when the prince asked. Nikan replied: "Outer tribute must not go to princes." The prince, offended, had ministers punish him and seized his salary. Three amnesties raised him to inheritable third-rank jingginiha fan. In year 10, aged, he rose to second rank and retired. He died in year 17. Childless, brothers Amurtu and Axitu and nephews Mara and Zhaozi split the inheritance. Mara has a separate biography.
23
庫爾纏，鈕祜祿氏，世居長白山。 祖曰賴盧渾，父曰索塔蘭。 賴盧渾先為哈達都督，索塔蘭及所部來歸。 旗制定，隸屬滿洲鑲紅旗。 太祖以女妻索塔蘭，生子四，庫爾？ 其次子也。 天命元年，召直左右。 十一月，蒙古喀爾喀五部來議和，庫爾？ 齎書蒞盟； 九年二月，復將命如科爾沁修好：皆稱旨，授牛錄章京。
Ku'erchan of the Niohuru clan came from Changbai Mountain. Grandfather Nailuhun; father Suotanlan. Nailuhun had governed Hada; Suotanlan submitted with his people. He was assigned to the Manchu Bordered Red Banner. Taizu married a daughter to Suotanlan, who had four sons; Ku'erchan was the second. In Tianming 1 he entered imperial attendance. In the eleventh month five Khalkha tribes came to parley; Ku'erchan carried the treaty to the parley; In the ninth year's second month he again treated with Khorchin to the emperor's satisfaction and received niru commander rank.
24
太宗即位，伐扎魯特部，庫爾？ 從，師還，上勞諸貝勒。 飲至，達海承旨問諸貝勒行軍勝敵始末，庫爾？ 為諸貝勒具對，成禮。 天聰元年，伐朝鮮，庫爾？ 從，朝鮮王李倧請行成，庫爾？ 及副將劉興祚將命宣撫。 倧既約降，庫爾？ 等還報，朝鮮諸將不知倧已約降也，以步騎兵千人邀諸平壤，庫爾？ 集從者環甲突圍出。 朝鮮兵躡其後，庫爾？ 令從者前行，而以十騎殿，殺朝鮮兵三，疾馳六十里。 朝鮮兵三百騎繼至，庫爾？ 率十騎憑？ 隘為伏，擊敗之，斬朝鮮將四、兵五十餘，獲馬百，卒達瀋陽。 上復命齎諭至軍中申軍令，定盟誓而還。
When Taizong attacked Jarud, Ku'erchan followed; on return the emperor feasted the princes. At the feast Dahai questioned princes on the campaign; Ku'erchan answered for them and the rite concluded. In Tiancong 1 on the Korea campaign Ku'erchan followed; King Li Jong sued for peace; Ku'erchan and Liu Xingzuo were sent to proclaim terms. After Jong agreed, Ku'erchan reported back; unaware Korean generals with a thousand men intercepted them at Pyongyang; Ku'erchan armored his escort and broke out. Koreans pursued; Ku'erchan sent the party ahead while ten horsemen held the rear, killed three, and rode sixty li. Three hundred Korean horsemen caught up; Ku'erchan with ten riders held a defile in ambush, killed four Korean officers and fifty men, took a hundred horses, and reached Shenyang. He was again sent to the army with edicts fixing the oath and discipline.
25
三年四月，定文館職守，命記註時政，備國史。 四年正月，伐明，庫爾纏偕游擊高鴻中先至灤州，設謀使啟城門，師遂入。 二月，師還，庫爾？ 從諸將戍焉。 五月，明監軍道張春等來攻，庫爾？ 與牛錄額真覺善等勒兵出戰，奮逾塹，直趣敵陣。 春等稍卻，旋發火器焚城樓，壞睥睨，庫爾？ 與覺善還兵御之，敵不能登。 都統圖爾格等以孤軍無援，退保永平，敵圍益急，庫爾？ 且守且戰，屢有斬馘。 旋從貝勒阿敏等棄諸城，還都待罪。 上以在灤州時能力戰，特貰之。
In the third year's fourth month the Literary Bureau was ordered to record affairs for the national history. In the fourth year's first month Ku'erchan and Gao Hongzhong opened Luanzhou by stratagem and the army entered. When the army withdrew in the second month Ku'erchan stayed to garrison with other commanders. In the fifth month Zhang Chun attacked; Ku'erchan with Jueshan sallied, crossed the moat, and charged the enemy. Chun briefly withdrew, then fired on the tower; Ku'erchan and Jueshan repulsed the assault on the walls. Isolated at Yongping as Turgut withdrew, Ku'erchan defended and fought with repeated kills. He followed Amin in abandoning the cities and returned to await punishment. The emperor pardoned him for fierce fighting at Luanzhou.
26
庫爾纏先以口語被訐。 五年十一月，使朝鮮，以漢文作書遺朝鮮，受私餽。 六年六月，使明得勝堡議和，以其人來，上召入見，屢失期。 七年二月，上發庫爾？ 諸罪，並追議庇劉興祚罪，論死。 興祚者開原人，見辱開原道，遂率其諸弟興治等以降，太祖以國語名之曰愛塔。 克遼東，授副將，領蓋、复、金三州。 興祚婪，索民財畜，被訐解任，遂有叛志。 事屢敗，太宗屢覆蓋之。 興祚使其弟興賢逃歸毛文龍，作書遺庫爾？ ，詭言且死，託以營葬，誑瞽者醉而縊殺之，焚其室逸去。 庫爾？ 得書，視興祚，見瞽者屍，以為興祚也，持之慟，告於上，以其子五十襲職，為營葬。 既而其弟興治亦遁，詐漸露。 興祚、興治去事文龍，文龍薦為參將。 袁崇煥殺文龍，使興治及陳繼盛分將其兵。 天聰四年，上攻永平，興祚在敵中，襲我軍中喀喇沁兵，殺數十人。 使貝勒阿巴泰、濟爾哈朗將五百人求興祚。 興祚將趨山海關，阿巴泰遮其前，濟爾哈朗迫其後，遂戰，甲喇額真圖魯什獲興祚，殺之，執興賢以歸。 庫爾？ 解衣瘞興祚，上命發而磔之，庫爾？ 复竊收其遺骼。 時興治將兵駐皮島，諸弟興基、興梁、興沛、興邦皆為偏裨。 興沛以游擊守長山島，上遣使招興治等，諱言邏卒誤殺興祚； 且令興賢附書述上恩，贍其母及妻。 使屢返，復遣護其妻以往，興治亦屢答上書，自署「客國臣」，枝梧不得要領。 會興治為興祚發喪，而繼盛信諜言，疑未死，興治忿，執殺繼盛，因縱掠。 明使黃龍鎮皮島，興治復為亂，被殺。 上亦殺興賢及其諸子。 庫爾？ 與興祚善，未叛，屢為上言，終收其骨，卒以此及。 上猶念其有勞，命毋籍其家。 世祖定鼎燕京，詔視一品大臣例，予宅地、奴僕。
Ku'erchan had earlier been denounced for loose speech. In the fifth year's eleventh month he went to Korea, wrote in Chinese, and took private gifts. In the sixth year's sixth month he treated at Ming Desheng Fort; the envoys repeatedly missed audiences. In the seventh year's second month the emperor published Ku'erchan's crimes, added shielding Liu Xingzuo, and sentenced him to death. Liu Xingzuo of Kaiyuan, humiliated by local officials, surrendered with his brothers; Taizu called him Aita. After Liaodong fell he governed three prefectures as vice commander. Greedy and extortionate, he was removed and turned rebel. Repeated plots failed yet Taizong shielded him. Xingzuo sent Xingxian to Mao Wenlong and wrote Ku'erchan claiming imminent death; he strangled a blind man, burned the house, and fled. Ku'erchan received the letter, saw the corpse, mourned as for Xingzuo, had his son inherit, and arranged burial. When Xingzhi also fled the fraud emerged. Both brothers served Wenlong as recommended commanders. Yuan Chonghuan killed Wenlong and split his forces between Xingzhi and Chen Jisheng. In Tiancong 4 at Yongping Xingzuo raided Kharchin troops and killed dozens. Abatai and Jirhala were sent with five hundred men after him. Abatai and Jirhala trapped him; Tulushi captured and killed Xingzuo and took Xingxian. Ku'erchan stripped his robe to bury Xingzuo; the emperor ordered dismemberment; Ku'erchan again secretly gathered the bones. Xingzhi held Pidao while brothers served as officers. Envoys summoned Xingzhi, claiming border troops had mistakenly killed Xingzuo; Xingxian's letter promised grace for mother and wife. Xingzhi answered evasively as "subject of a guest state." At Xingzuo's funeral Jisheng doubted he was dead; Xingzhi killed Jisheng and plundered. Huang Long garrisoned Pidao; Xingzhi rebelled again and was killed. The emperor executed Xingxian and his sons. Ku'erchan befriended Xingzuo, never rebelled, yet pleaded for him, recovered his bones, and was condemned. The emperor spared his household from confiscation. At Yanjing he received a grand minister's residence and slaves.
27
庫爾？ 弟庫拜，初以小校事太祖，從伐明，取撫順，戰敗追兵，復下遼、瀋，命為牛錄額真。 天聰五年，從伐瓦爾喀，手被創，猶力戰，克堡一。 是年七月，初設六部，授吏部參政。？ 功，授牛錄章京世職。 復以吏部考滿，授三等甲喇章京。 八年，從伐黑龍江諸部。 九年，進二等甲喇章京。 崇德元年，從伐朝鮮。 追論伐瓦爾喀時奪部卒俘，復令部卒私獵，論罰，罷牛錄章京。 三年七月，更定官制，改吏部理事官。 五年正月，卒。
Ku'erchan's younger brother Kubai, a petty officer under Taizu, fought at Fushun and Liaodong and became niru captain. In Tiancong 5 on the Warka campaign he fought wounded and took a fort. That seventh month he became Personnel vice commissioner when the Six Boards opened. merit he received hereditary niru commander rank. Personnel term completion brought third-rank jalan rank. In year 8 he campaigned on the Heilongjiang. In year 9 he rose to second-rank jalan. In Chongde 1 he joined the Korea campaign. Retrospective charges over Warka captives and private hunting cost him his niru command. In the third year's seventh month he became Personnel administrative officer. He died in the fifth year's first month.
28
英俄爾岱，他塔喇氏，世居扎庫木。 太祖時，從其祖岱圖庫哈理來歸，授牛錄額真，隸滿洲正白旗。 天命四年，從攻開原。 有蒙古巴圖魯阿布爾者，素以驍勇名，降明為邊將，出戰，英俄爾岱馳斬之。 六年，從克瀋陽，授游擊。 從克遼陽，授二等參將。
Ying'e'erdai of the Tatara clan came from Zhakumu. Under Taizu he followed grandfather Daitukuhali, submitted, and joined the Plain White Banner. In Tianming 4 he joined the Kaiyuan attack. He killed the famed Mongol warrior Abur, who had defected to Ming. In year 6 at Shenyang he received guerrilla rank. After Liaoyang he became second-rank vice commander.
29
天聰三年，從伐明，克遵化，太宗督諸軍向明都，而令英俄爾岱及李思忠、範文程以兵八百守遵化。 師既行，所下諸城堡石門驛、馬蘭峪、三屯營，大安口、羅文峪、漢兒莊、郭家峪、洪山口、潘家口、灤陽營皆復為明守。 明兵夜薄遵化，英俄爾岱率兵擊卻之。 平旦悉銳奮擊，明兵退，斬殿？ ，明將以騎兵列陣待，英俄爾岱出戰，明兵驟至，英俄爾岱麾其者五人，俘材官一，明兵宵奔。 英俄爾岱以師從之，复殲騎卒百、步卒千餘，以書諭諸城，羅文峪、三屯營、洪山口、漢兒莊、灤陽營五城复降。
In Tiancong 3 he took Zunhua while Taizong marched on Beijing; Ying'e'erdai, Li Sizhong, and Fan Wencheng held it with eight hundred men. After the main army left, many captured forts reverted to Ming. Ming pressed Zunhua by night; he drove them back. At dawn he attacked; Ming withdrew; he killed the rear-guard commander; when Ming cavalry formed he fought, captured an engineer, and Ming fled by night. Pursuing, he destroyed hundreds more and five cities resubmitted.
30
五年七月，定官制，始設六部，以英俄爾岱為戶部承政。 七年，明故毛文龍部將孔有德、耿仲明自登州來降，使英俄爾岱及游擊羅奇齎書徵糧於朝鮮，朝鮮國王李倧使其臣樸祿報聘，言毛氏舊為敵，不原輸糧。 太宗復以書諭，略言：「毛氏將今歸我國，以兵守其舟，當就便輸以糧。」 遣英俄爾岱及備禦代松阿齎書復往，朝鮮乃輸糧如指。 八年五月，改進一等甲喇章京。
In the fifth year's seventh month he became Revenue chief when the Six Boards opened. In year 7 he requisitioned Korean grain for Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming; Korea refused citing old enmity with Mao. Taizong wrote that Mao's men now served the throne and Korea should supply grain. Sent again with Dai Song'a, he secured the grain. In the eighth year's fifth month he rose to first-rank jalan.
31
太宗自將伐察哈爾，察哈爾林丹汗走圖白特，所部潰散。 或得俘，言同行凡千餘戶，方苦無所歸，上命英俄爾岱及梅勒額真覺羅布爾吉將二千人往蹟之。 英俄爾岱等行遇蒙古頭人侯痕巴圖魯率千戶將來歸，遣使謁上； 复遇台吉布顏圖，縱兵擊殺之，斬二百餘，俘四十奔愬於上，言：「我曹自察？ 以還。 上以駝馬及所俘，賚英俄爾岱及諸將士。 既，布顏圖部哈爾來歸，遇大軍，乞降不見允，橫被屠戮。」 上怒，命盡奪所賚。 英俄爾岱尋以考滿進三等梅勒章京。
Taizong campaigned against Chahar; Lind Khan fled and his followers scattered. Captives reported a thousand homeless households; he and Buerji tracked them with two thousand men. En route Houhen Baturu with a thousand households sought submission; he attacked Buyantu, killing two hundred; survivors complained they had come from Chahar to submit. The emperor rewarded him with camels, horses, and captives. Later Har of Buyantu's band submitted but was massacred despite pleading. Enraged, the emperor stripped every reward. Soon a completed term raised him to third-rank meiren commander.
32
十年春，諸貝勒及蒙古諸部以太宗功德日隆，議上尊號，令英俄爾岱齎書使朝鮮喻意。 既至，倧謝不延納，令英俄爾岱詣所置議政府陳說，設兵晝夜環守使邸。 英俄爾岱率諸從者奪民間馬，突門而出。 朝鮮王遣騎持報書追付英俄爾岱而別，以書誡其邊臣令守界，英俄爾岱並奪之以聞。 又遇明皮島兵遮歸路，擊走之。
In the tenth year's spring, princes and Mongols planned a honorific for Taizong and sent Ying'e'erdai to Korea to explain. Jong refused audience, confined him to the Council of State, and ringed the lodge with troops. He seized civilian horses and broke out through the gate. Korean riders delivered a reply and a border warning; he seized both and reported them. Ming troops from Pidao blocked his return; he drove them off.
33
崇德改元，討朝鮮，師克王都，倧出奔南漢城。 二年春，上使英俄爾岱及馬福塔齎敕詰責，朝鮮以書謝。 師益進，薄南漢城，復使英俄爾岱、馬福塔招倧出城相見，倧答書始稱臣，然猶逡巡不敢出。 上诇知倧寄孥江華島，命睿親王多爾袞以偏師下之，獲其妃及諸子。 倧乃出降，上留其二子為質，命英俄爾岱、馬福塔送其妃及諸戚屬還王都。 二月，班師，倧出送，命英俄爾岱、馬福塔宣諭，仍送之還。 旋授議政大臣。 十月，復命英俄爾岱、馬福塔齎敕印使朝鮮，封倧仍為朝鮮國王。 四年，授固山額真。 五年，上以倧繕城郭，積芻糧，欺罔巧飾，使英俄爾岱及鄂莫克圖齎敕詰責，倧上表謝罪。
Under Chongde the court attacked Korea, took the capital, and Jong fled to Namhansanseong. In the second spring he and Mafuta rebuked Korea by edict; Korea apologized in writing. At Namhansanseong they summoned Jong to meet; he styled himself subject but would not come out. Learning Jong's family was on Ganghwa, Dorgon took the island and captured consort and sons. Jong surrendered; two sons were kept as hostages while consort and kin were escorted home. On withdrawal Jong saw the army off; the envoys proclaimed the decree and escorted him back. He soon became a Deliberative Minister. In the tenth month he and Mafuta reinvested Jong as king. In year 4 he became banner commander. In year 5 Jong's fortifications and stores drew rebuke via Edict; he apologized.
34
六年六月，睿親王多爾袞復攻錦州，九月，貝勒多鐸等圍松山，英俄爾岱皆在行間。 七年，復使朝鮮鞫獄，還奏稱旨。 八年，考滿，進三等精奇尼哈番。 順治元年，從睿親王多爾袞入關。 是年，改承政為尚書，英俄爾岱仍任戶部。 二年，？ 功，封三等公。 三年，奏請、軍械、火器，以杜盜源，從之。 四年，考滿，進二等公。 五年二月，卒。？ 禁民間私售馬
In year 6 at Jinzhou and Songshan he served throughout the campaigns. In year 7 he tried cases in Korea to the emperor's satisfaction. Term completion in year 8 brought third-rank jingginiha fan. In Shunzhi 1 he followed Dorgon through the pass. That year he remained Revenue minister when titles changed. In year 2, for merit he was made third-rank duke. In year 3 he memorialized to ban private sale of horses, arms, and firearms; the throne agreed. Term completion in year 4 raised him to second-rank duke. He died in the fifth year's second month. banning private horse sales among the people.
35
英俄爾岱娶饒餘郡王阿巴泰女，授多羅額駙。 領戶部十餘年，既領固山，仍綜部政。 屢坐事論罰，而恩顧不稍衰。 太宗嘗諭？ 臣曰：「英俄爾岱性素執拗，其於本旗人亦偶有徇庇。 朕思人鮮有令德，英俄爾岱能殫心部政，治事明決，朕甚嘉之。 視諸部大臣不如英俄爾岱者多矣！」 及睿親王薨，得罪，奪英俄爾岱公爵，降精奇尼哈番。 康熙間，輔臣鰲拜專政，陷大學士蘇納海等於死，以英俄爾岱與蘇納海同族，追論初授地不平、附睿親王諸罪狀，奪官。 子宜圖，官至內大臣，襲爵降三等精奇尼哈番。 乾隆初，定封三等子。
He married Abatai's daughter and became Prince Consort. He ran Revenue over ten years and kept board duties even after taking a banner. Though often punished, imperial favor never waned. Taizong once told ministers: "Ying'e'erdai is stubborn and sometimes favors his banner, yet few are flawless; he devotes himself to Revenue with clear decisions, and I commend him. Many ministers fall short of him!" After Dorgon's fall his dukedom was stripped to jingginiha fan. Under Oboi's dictatorship, kinship with Sunahai brought retroactive charges and loss of office. Son Yitu became inner minister at reduced third-rank jingginiha fan. Early Qianlong fixed the title as third-rank zi.
36
滿達爾漢，納喇氏，先世居哈達。 父雅虎，率十八戶歸太祖，太祖以為牛錄額真，隸滿洲正黃旗。 擢扎爾固齊。 與哈穆達尼伐東海卦爾察部，俘二千人以歸，太祖郊勞，與宴。 又克舒桑哈達，賜俘百。 既乞休，滿達爾漢繼為牛錄額真。 從太宗伐虎爾哈部，降五百餘戶。
Mandarhan of the Nara clan came from Hada. Father Yahu submitted with eighteen households and received a Plain Yellow Banner niru. He rose to jarguci. With Hamudani he took two thousand Guarcia captives and was feasted outside the capital. He took Shusanghada and received a hundred captives. On Yahu's retirement Mandarhan succeeded the niru. He followed Taizong against Hurka and reduced five hundred households.
37
天聰五年五月，上將伐明，規取海中諸島，使滿達爾漢與董納密聘於朝鮮，且徵舟焉。 時朝鮮初附，未敢開罪於明，滿達爾漢等至朝鮮，國王李倧謝不見，且以兵守館。 越三日，滿達爾漢謂守者曰：「我奉命至此，何慢我不相見？ 我歸矣！」 遂與諸從者佩弓矢，策騎奪門出。 倧使侍臣追及，請見，滿達爾漢等乃入見，致使命而還。 七月，授禮部參政。 閏十一月，復與庫爾？ 等使朝鮮，誡毋縱其民越境採獵，毋匿逃人，並令歲餽當如例，倧乃引咎，原如約。
In Tiancong 5 he sent Mandarhan and Dongnami to Korea for boats before attacking Ming's islands. Newly submitted Korea refused audience and guarded the lodge. After three days Mandarhan told guards: "I came by imperial order—why refuse audience? I leave!" He armed his party and broke out through the gate. Jong's attendants overtook them; they entered, delivered the mission, and returned. In the seventh month he became Rites vice commissioner. In the intercalary eleventh month he again went with Ku'erchan to Korea, forbidding cross-border hunting and harboring fugitives and demanding usual tribute; Jong agreed.
38
八年，太宗自將伐明，攻大同，滿達爾漢分兵克堡四、台一，又拔王家莊。 以功，授世職牛錄章京。 尋擢禮部承政。 復使朝鮮。 崇德二年，從武英郡王阿濟格伐明，克皮島，賜白金、裘、馬。 順治初，世祖定鼎京師，滿達爾漢以老解部任，專領牛錄。 恩詔，進二等甲喇章京。 三年，卒，諡敬敏。 子阿哈丹，襲職。 恩詔，進一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。 從征福建，擊鄭成功？ 門，戰死，卹贈三等阿思哈尼哈番。
In year 8 at Datong he took four forts, one platform, and Wangjiazhuang. Merit earned hereditary niru commander rank. He soon became Rites chief. He again went on embassy to Korea. In Chongde 2 he followed Ajige, took Pidao, and received gold, furs, and horses. At Shunzhi's founding he retired from Rites on account of age. An amnesty raised him to second-rank jalan. He died in year 3 with posthumous name Jingmin. Son Ahadan inherited. An amnesty raised him to first adahafan with toshalahafan. On the Fujian campaign he attacked Zheng Chenggong at Xiamen, died in battle, and received posthumous third-rank ashanihafan.
39
馬福塔，滿達爾漢弟也。 初授牛錄額真，與滿達爾漢分轄所屬人戶。 天聰五年，授戶部參政。 八年三月，與戶部承政英俄爾岱如朝鮮互市。 五月，太宗自將伐明，馬福塔從貝勒濟爾哈朗等居守。 九月，齎奏詣行營，道明鐵山，明兵邀戰，斬五人，俘一人； 又刵一人，縱使還。 尋擢戶部承政。 九年，與參政博爾惠使朝鮮。 自是通使朝鮮，馬福塔輒與。
Mafuta was Mandarhan's brother. He and Mandarhan split their households as co-niru captains. In Tiancong 5 he became Revenue vice commissioner. In the eighth year's third month he traded in Korea with Ying'e'erdai. In the fifth month he stayed to guard with Jirhala while Taizong campaigned. In the ninth month en route to camp at Tieshan he killed five Ming soldiers and captured one; he mutilated another and sent him back. He soon became Revenue chief. In year 9 he went to Korea with Boerhui. Thereafter he was on nearly every Korean embassy.
40
崇德元年，復與英俄爾岱等使朝鮮，明皮島兵遮道，擊走之。 九月，復如朝鮮義州監互市，得明邏卒，知明兵入？？ ，因率百人躡其後，明兵引去。 值武英郡王阿濟格等伐明還，渡遼，具舟以濟師。 十二月，太宗自將伐朝鮮，命馬福塔與勞薩率兵先驅。 語詳勞薩傳。 朝鮮國王李倧走保南漢山城，二年正月，師克朝鮮都，進攻南漢山城。 馬福塔兩奉敕入城數倧罪，且諭降。 倧先使其臣謝罪，尋率？ 僚出城謁上。 二月，上班師，倧出送，命馬福塔與英俄爾岱送倧還城。 倧餽金，？ 之，以聞。 四月，從武英郡王阿濟格攻明皮島，馬福塔攻其齎還，又令朝鮮？ 北隅，督戰敗敵。 六月，吏議馬福塔從伐朝鮮，私以其子往，得俘獲，先將與貝子碩託交結，罪當死，命罰鍰以贖。 十月，復命與英俄爾岱使朝鮮，冊李倧為朝鮮國王。 三年七月，更定官制，改戶部左參政。 四年六月，命與刑部參政巴哈納使朝鮮，冊倧妃趙氏為王妃。 八月，其兄甲喇額真福爾丹從軍退縮，伏法，籍其家畀馬福塔。 九月，復為戶部承政。 十一月，倧疏言立碑三田渡頌上恩，命與禮部參政超哈爾等往察視。 五年二月，卒。
In Chongde 1 Ming Pidao troops blocked his Korean embassy; he drove them off. In the ninth month at Yizhou he learned from a Ming deserter that Ming troops had entered and led a hundred men in pursuit until Ming withdrew. Ajige's returning army needed boats to cross the Liao; he provided them. In the twelfth month he and Laosa led the vanguard on Korea. Details appear in Laosa's biography. Jong fled to Namhansanseong; in the second year's first month the capital fell and the siege continued. Twice by edict he entered the city to list Jong's crimes and demand surrender. Jong first sent ministers to apologize; soon he led his officials out to pay respects. On withdrawal he and Ying'e'erdai escorted Jong home. Jong offered gold; Mafuta refused it and reported. In the fourth month at Pidao he plundered and ordered Korean troops against the north sector, directing the victory. In the sixth month collusion with Prince Shuotuo and private gain on the Korea campaign brought a capital sentence commuted to fine. In the tenth month he and Ying'e'erdai reinvested Jong. In the third year's seventh month he became left Revenue vice commissioner. In the fourth year's sixth month he invested Lady Zhao as queen. In the eighth month brother Fu'erdan's retreat cost him his life; his estate went to Mafuta. In the ninth month he again became Revenue chief. In the eleventh month Jong sought a stele at Sandu Ferry; Mafuta and Chaohar were sent to inspect. He died in the fifth year's second month.
41
明安達禮，西魯特氏，蒙古正白旗人，世居科爾沁。 父博博圖，率七十餘戶歸太祖，即授牛錄額真，領所屬。 天聰元年，從伐明，攻錦州，戰死，予世職游擊，以明安達禮襲，仍兼領牛錄額真。
Ming'andali, Xirute Mongol of the Plain White Banner, came from Khorchin. Father Bobotu submitted with seventy households and received a niru captaincy. In Tiancong 1 he died at Jinzhou; Ming'andali inherited guerrilla rank and the niru.
42
崇德三年，遷巴牙喇甲喇章京。 從貝勒岳託伐明，自密雲東北毀邊牆以入，與固山額真伊拜共擊敗明太監馮永盛兵，克南和縣。 六年，復從伐明，圍錦州。 明兵陣山巔，明安達禮率所部巴牙喇兵陷陣，明兵敗走。 既，又有騎兵自松山至，复擊敗之。 師阻壕，以守城兵出爭橋，明安達禮迫明兵使引入城。 上自將擊洪承疇，明安達禮戰尤力，又敗敵騎，進二等甲喇章京。 七年冬，從貝勒阿巴泰伐明，攻薊州，薄明都，擊破明總督趙光抃。 又與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦阿山共擊明兵自三河至者，遂進略山東。 八年春，與明總兵白廣恩、張登科、和應薦等戰螺山，又與巴牙喇纛章京鰲拜共擊明總督范志完，屢破敵。 師還，賚白金。 擢禮部參政，兼正白旗蒙古梅勒額真。
In Chongde 3 he became bayara jalan commander. With Prince Yueto he breached the wall near Miyun, defeated Feng Yongsheng, and took Nanhe. In year 6 he again besieged Jinzhou. He charged Ming on the heights with bayara troops and routed them. He also repulsed cavalry from Songshan. When garrison troops contested the bridge he drove Ming back into the city. At Hong Chengchou's defeat he fought fiercely, routed enemy cavalry, and rose to second-rank jalan. In the seventh winter with Abatai he reached Jizhou, neared Beijing, and defeated Zhao Guangbian. With Ashan he defeated Ming from Sanhe and raided Shandong. At Luoshan and with Oboi against Fan Zhiwan he repeatedly defeated Ming. On return he received white gold. He became Rites vice commissioner and Plain White Mongol meiren commander.
43
順治元年，從入關，擊李自成。 二年，從英親王阿濟格西討，戰延安，七遇皆捷。 撫鳳翔等府三十餘城，悉下。 三年，調兵部侍郎。 蘇尼特騰機思叛，從豫親王多鐸帥師討之，別將兵屯險要。 騰機思遁走，明安達禮夜帥師乘之，及諸鄂特克山，戰大勝，斬台吉茂海，復與鎮國將軍瓦克達等逐北，手斬十一人，獲其輜重。 复擊敗土謝圖汗、碩類汗。
In Shunzhi 1 he entered the pass against Li Zicheng. In year 2 he followed Ajige west and won seven battles at Yan'an. He pacified over thirty prefectures including Fengxiang. In year 3 he became War vice minister. Against Sunite rebel Tengjisi he followed Duo Duo and held strategic passes. He night-pursued Tengjisi to Zhuge Tekeshan, killed Taiji Maohai, and with Wakeda chased north, killing eleven men himself. He also defeated the Tushatu and Shuolei khans.
44
五年，擢正白旗蒙古都統。 七年，授兵部尚書，九年，列議政大臣。 論功，遇恩詔，累進二等精奇尼哈番。 十年，坐徇總兵任珍擅殺，罷尚書，降一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。 十一年，帥師伐鄂羅斯，敗敵黑龍江。 十三年，授理籓院尚書。
In year 5 he became Plain White Mongol commander. In year 7 he became War minister; in year 9 he joined the Deliberative Ministers. Merit and amnesties raised him to second-rank jingginiha fan. In year 10 condoning Ren Zhen's unauthorized execution cost him the ministry and one rank. In year 11 he campaigned against Russia on the Heilongjiang and won. In year 13 he became Colonial Affairs minister.
45
十五年十二月，命為安南將軍，帥師駐防荊州。 十六年，鄭成功入攻江寧，明安達禮帥師赴援。 成功將楊文英等以舟千餘泊三山峽，明安達禮擊之，斬副將一，獲其舟及諸攻具，成功引入海。 上命明安達禮移師駐防舟山。 十七年，召還，授兵部尚書。 康熙三年，加太子太保。 六年，調吏部尚書。 引疾，致仕。 八年，卒，諡敏果。
In the fifteenth year's twelfth month he garrisoned Jingzhou as General of Annan. In year 16 he rushed to relieve Jiangning from Zheng Chenggong. At Sanshan Gorge he destroyed Yang Wenying's fleet and drove Chenggong to sea. The emperor then posted him at Zhoushan. Recalled in year 17, he again became War minister. In Kangxi 3 he received Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In year 6 he moved to Personnel minister. He retired citing illness. He died in year 8 with posthumous name Mingguo.
46
子都克，襲。 從征噶爾丹有功，授拖沙喇哈番，合為三等阿思哈尼哈番。 都克孫永安，降襲一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。 乾隆間，從征甘肅石峰堡亂回。 官至山海關副都統。 永安孫憲德，憲德子夢麟，自有傳。
Son Duke succeeded. Campaign merit against Galdan brought toshalahafan combined as third ashanihafan. Grandson Yong'an inherited at first adahafan with toshalahafan. In Qianlong he fought Muslim rebels at Gansu's Shifeng Fort. He became Shanhaiguan vice commander. Yong'an's line through Xiande and Menglin has separate biographies.
47
論曰：國必有所與立，文字其一也。 因蒙古字而製國書，額爾德尼、噶蓋創之，達海成之。 尼堪等皆兼通蒙、漢文字，出當專對。 造邦之始，撫綏之用廣矣。 英俄爾岱領戶部，調兵食最久，見褒於太宗。 明安達禮以折衝禦侮之才，屢長兵部。 蓋皆有功於創業者，故比而次之。
The commentator observes that a state must rest on foundations—and writing is one. From Mongol letters came the national script: E Erdeni and Gai began it, Dahai perfected it. Nikan and his peers mastered Mongol and Chinese and handled diplomacy. At the dynasty's founding such skills of conciliation were indispensable. Ying'e'erdai's long Revenue tenure won Taizong's praise. Ming'andali, a frontier fighter, repeatedly led the War ministry. All aided the founding enterprise, and are therefore ranked together.