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卷229 列傳十六 明安 恩格德尔 鄂齐尔桑 阿济拜 布延 洛哩

Volume 229 Biographies 16: Ming An, En Ge De Er, E Qiersang, A Ji Bai, Bu Yan, Luo Li

Chapter 229 of 清史稿 · Draft History of Qing
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1
Aji Bai, Enggtu, Eobendui, Hejige'er, Alai, Buyan, Arshahu, Elinqidai, Qingdecen, Ji, Wang Duo'erji, Daerhan, Qitate, Che'erbei, Shalidai (younger brother of Luoli), and Qitate Weizheng.
2
Ergelezhu'er (younger brother of Qitate Weizheng), Kalandu, Zhaketuo, Huichuketu, and Yinghuanjin.
3
}}
Sharubu.
4
== 祿 使
Ming'an. Ming'an belonged to the Borjigit clan. His family were Yuan imperial descendants, and he served as beile of the Khorchin Uruud Mongols. In the guisi year, the Yehe beiles Buizhai and Narimbulu raised a coalition of nine states and marched to attack; Ming'an took part. When they were beaten, Ming'an alone fled on a fast horse. He soon reconciled with Nurhaci. Hearing that Ming'an's daughter was worthy, the sovereign sent envoys to ask for her hand. In the first month of renzi, Ming'an delivered her; Nurhaci met her with carriage and ceremonial dress and celebrated the wedding with a feast.
5
祿
In the first month of Tianming 2, Ming'an presented himself at court. Nurhaci went ten miles out to Fu'erjiangang to receive him and held a feast in his honor. Ming'an offered ten camels and a hundred horses and cattle apiece. Nurhaci received him with high honor and entertained him at daily banquets. After a month's stay Ming'an departed; he was given forty households, commensurate armor and silks, and seen off for thirty li. On renwu day in the second month of the seventh year, Ming'an came in with fellow beiles of his tribe—Urzaitu, Suonuomu, and the rest named above—plus the Khalkha beile Shilihunake, various taiji, and over three thousand households driving their herds. Ming'an was made third-rank zongbingguan, and a separate Uruud Mongol banner was created.
6
滿
In Tiancong 3 he joined Gushan Ejen Wunage and Imperial Son-in-law Enggeder in an expedition against the Chakhar, bringing two thousand households to surrender. In the fifth year he followed the sovereign against the Ming and took part in the siege of Dalinghe. When Ming general Zu Dashou sallied forth, Ming'an and Gushan Ejen Heshitu struck him from both flanks and inflicted a crushing defeat. Our forces disguised themselves as Ming relief troops, drawing Dashou out a second time. Ming'an and the wing banners charged together; Dashou was driven back and soon surrendered with his army. Ming'an was richly rewarded. In the sixth year he again followed the sovereign against the Chakhar. On the army's return he was faulted for scant spoils, for failing to register dependents on the rolls, for giving out government oxen to his men without authorization, and for sheltering fugitive Mongols. Officials recommended stripping his hereditary rank; the sovereign commuted this to a fine. Soon after, repeated violations by the submitted Mongols led to the abolition of the Mongol banner; households were scattered among the beiles' niru, and Ming'an was transferred to the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. In the eighth year he was redesignated third-rank angbang zhangjing. Early in the Shunzhi reign, three amnesty promotions raised him to second-rank count. He died and was posthumously titled Loyal and Compliant. Under Yongzheng he was posthumously raised to first-rank marquis with the added epithet Respectful and Sincere. His sons were Ang Hong, Duo'erji, Chuo'erji, Namushengge, and Langsu.
7
Ang Hong had followed his father in submission and was appointed yuji. In Tianming 11 he campaigned against the Balin, Zhalute, and other tribes; and in Tiancong 5 joined the Ming campaign at Dalinghe. For these services he was promoted ahead of schedule to third-rank vice general and given the title Daerhan heshuqi. He died in the seventh year. His son Eqi'er inherited the office. In the eighth year he was made third-rank meile zhangjing. Under Shunzhi he rose three times on amnesty edicts, fell twice for misconduct, and was finally fixed at second-rank ashan i hafan. He was repeatedly promoted to grand minister of the interior and put in charge of the imperial guard of honor. He was soon made leading grand minister of the imperial bodyguard. He died in the fourteenth year and was posthumously titled Diligent and Respectful. Early in Qianlong the hereditary rank was fixed at third-rank baron.
8
Duo'erji likewise submitted with his father, was made beiyu, and married a princess, becoming an imperial son-in-law. In Tianming 11, on campaign against the Zhalute, he chased down and caught a man who had stolen a horse and fled. He soon fought again against the Dongkui and Keshiketeng tribes and joined the Korean campaign, earning merit in each. When the Six Ministries were created in Tiancong 5, Duo'erji was appointed chengzheng of the Board of Punishments with charge of Mongol affairs. In the sixth year he was cited for breaches of court decorum and for mishandling a levy of hunters; though officials urged stripping his rank, the sovereign pardoned him with a fine of one hundred taels of silver. In the eighth year he joined the Ming campaign at Datong. Nurhaci put Duo'erji in command of the center, with Turushi and Ubai on the wings. They shattered Ming general Cao Wenshao, chased him to the city walls, and took a hundred horses. In Chongde 2 he became a grand minister of the interior with a seat in state deliberations. In the fourth year he joined Prince Zheng Jirhala in a raid on Jinzhou. In the sixth year, campaigning against the Ming between Songshan and Xingshan, the sovereign ordered Duo'erji and Grand Minister Xihan to lay an ambush at Gaoqiao. A thousand Ming troops from Xingshan, short of supplies, tried to slip away; the ambush struck, routing them, and the pursuit reached Tashan with heavy casualties and captures. Later, during the Songshan siege, when Ming general Cao Bianjiao raided the imperial camp by night, Duo'erji failed to drive him off. He was held three days and fined five hundred taels, but his Gaoqiao victory still counted, and he was promoted to first-rank meile zhangjing. In Shunzhi 2, in recognition of long-standing favor from the Taizong, Duo'erji was raised to third-rank angbang zhangjing. In the fourth year he was redesignated third-rank jingqini hafan. He died in the fifth year.
9
His younger brother Chuo'erji inherited the rank. He was stripped of his title for misconduct. His younger brother Namushengge inherited. On the Fujian campaign he was lost at sea and was posthumously titled Upright and Brave. When Namushengge died, Chuo'erji resumed the inheritance. Early in Qianlong the line was fixed at third-rank viscount, inherited by Boqing'e, a third-generation descendant of Duo'erji's line. In year 34 the succession was shifted to first-rank Marquis Gongcheng, reverting to Ming'an's line four generations back.
10
西退
Langsu, Ming'an's youngest son, inherited his father's hereditary post. By his grandson Malantai's time, Yongzheng 7 saw him raised to first-rank Marquis Gongcheng for Ming'an's past service and appointed acting commander of the vanguard. In year 9, on the Dzungar campaign as assistant grand minister, he reported repelling raiders at Xi'erhazhao and was promoted to leading grand minister of the imperial bodyguard. Recalled to court, he was assigned to the Grand Council. Soon he was found to have been timid in the field and to have claimed false victories; demoted to prove himself at the front, he was later brought to the capital for execution and imprisoned. Early in Qianlong he was again made vice commander of the garrison. He was later banished to Lalin as a common soldier for arriving late on a hunting escort and feigning illness to avoid duty.
11
When Ming'an's fellow beiles had sought submission, each received a hereditary post of appropriate rank; Suonuomu's son Muhelin has a separate biography. The uncle-nephew pair Enggelei and Budang submitted with Ming'an; Buyandai came somewhat later. All served on campaign with recorded victories.
12
滿
Enggelei and Budang belonged to the Borjigit clan. On submitting, Enggelei was made yuji and Budang second-rank canjiang. In Tiancong 3 the Taizong led a Ming campaign in person; Budang helped take Zunhua, fighting alongside Jiala Ejen Ying'e'erdai to defeat Ming general Zhao Shuaijiao, and was promoted to third-rank meile zhangjing. In the sixth year, when Mongol banners were absorbed into Manchu ones, Enggelei and Budang were assigned to the Plain Blue Banner. In Chongde 3 Budang was made right vice censor of the Board of Punishments. He died in the fourth year. Budang's younger brother Seleng inherited Enggelei's hereditary post. Under the Taizong he fought the Ming, took Zunhua, and besieged Jinzhou. Under the Shizu he entered the passes, helped crush the rebels, fought Tengjisi, and earned merit throughout. He was promoted to first-rank adaha hafan with the added tuwashara hafan title. He died in the twelfth year.
13
西滿
Buyandai belonged to the Borjigit clan. He had originally been a Mongol Uruud beizi. In Tianming 7 he brought his registered households from Xilatala to submit, married a princess, received a hereditary second-rank canjiang post, and was assigned to the Manchu Bordered Red Banner. In year 11 Nurhaci attacked Ningyuan without success while a flank force took Juehua Island. Buyandai led Mongols with Gushan Ejen Wunage, stormed the enemy fort, destroyed the garrison, burned their stores, and withdrew.
14
== 西 使 使
Enggeder. Enggeder belonged to the Borjigit clan. His forebears were Yuan imperial kin, and he headed the Khalkha Bayot Mongols. When Nurhaci first took up arms, the Khalkha had divided into five tribes, Bayot among them. Enggeder's father Daerhan batulu was its beile, pasturing along the Xilamulun. Twelve years after Nurhaci's uprising, in the first month of jiawu, the Khalkha beile Laosai and the North Khorchin beile Ming'an sent their first embassies. Eleven years on, in yisi, Enggeder paid court with twenty horses; the sovereign treated him generously and dismissed him. The following winter, in the twelfth month of bingwu, Enggeder brought envoys of five tribes to Nurhaci with camels and horses and a memorial offering the title Divine Martial Emperor. Thereafter Mongol tribes paid tribute every year.
15
滿 滿
In the first month of the ninth year Enggeder came to court with his wife the commandery princess and asked to bring his people in. The sovereign commended his sincerity, swore an alliance, and granted an edict: "Save treason, all other crimes shall be forgiven." He ordered Beile Daishan and others to escort the tribe to Liaoyang. On their arrival Nurhaci met them outside the city and feasted them at Zhangyi Station. Enggeder and his brother Mangguo'erdai each received a fine horse with carved saddle and a sable coat; Enggeder's sons Nangnuke, Mendu, and Daha, and Mangguo'erdai's son Manzhu each received a lynx-fur robe for court study. Once in the city they received land, houses, gold and silver, furs, silks, utensils, and farm tools, along with households from Pingdingbao. Enggeder and Mangguo'erdai were soon made third-rank zongbingguan. When banners were regularized they were assigned to the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner.
16
退
In Tiancong 3 he joined Wunage in an expedition against the Chakhar, bringing two thousand households to surrender. The campaign is narrated fully in Wunage's biography. That winter he joined the Ming campaign, passed Longjing Pass, took Zunhua, and approached the capital while the sovereign camped outside Desheng Gate. Ming supreme commander Yuan Chonghuan marched from Ningyuan with general Zu Dashou and twenty thousand men, encamping southeast of the city. The sovereign ordered a general attack; Enggeder and Wunage jointly led the Mongol contingent. Enggeder commanded the left wing; before his line had formed he sent cavalry charging ahead, was beaten back, and retreated; Wunage's right wing then struck hard and routed the enemy. Officials urged stripping Enggeder's hereditary rank; the sovereign pardoned him. In the spring of the fourth year they took Yongping. While Enggeder was foraging the countryside, he met a Ming general with three hundred foot soldiers and prepared to fight; Then three thousand horsemen burst out of Yutian; Enggeder pretended to withdraw to bait them forward. When they advanced a little, they feared an ambush and wheeled about to flee; He then chased them down and seized a hundred horses.
17
In the fifth year he joined the siege of Dalinghe. Ming inspector Zhang Chun and commander Wu Xiang marched forty thousand men from Jinzhou to the relief; the sovereign personally led the armies and broke them. In the opening fight the enemy pressed hard; the Mongol right wing stormed forward and was first into Zhang Chun's lines; The left wing hung back from arrows and stones and moved up more slowly. Officials again urged stripping Enggeder's hereditary rank; the sovereign once more pardoned him but fined him one saddle horse and a hundred taels of silver. He died in the fifth month of Chongde 1. In Shunzhi 12 he was posthumously titled Duanshun, and a stele was raised to commemorate his service.
18
使
His son Erke Daiqing began as a guardsman and received third-rank jalan zhangjing. When Enggeder died, Erke Daiqing succeeded to his father's title, and the hereditary office Erke Daiqing held went to his brother Sorha. In Shunzhi 2 he was raised to second-rank angbang zhangjing. In the third month of the seventh year a grace edict promoted him to third-rank marquis. Grand secretaries Ganglin and Qi Chongge hinted that he should align with Prince Regent Dorgon and move to the Plain White Banner. Erke Daiqing refused; officials soon manufactured a case against him and demoted him to second-rank jingqini hafan. When the Shizu assumed personal rule, he praised Erke Daiqing's steadfast refusal to truckle, restored him to first-rank marquis, made him a deliberative minister, placed him over the imperial guard of honor, and promoted him to leading grand minister of the imperial bodyguard. On a further grace edict, and with Sorha's death leaving third-rank jalan zhangjing vacant, he held both offices and rose through three steps to first-rank duke. In the tenth year he showed favoritism in a trial and was demoted to second-rank duke. In the fourteenth year he received the additional titles of Junior Guardian and Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent. In the sixteenth year Erke Daiqing's servant assaulted a guardsman in the marketplace and then preemptively slandered the guardsman; Once the facts were established, Erke Daiqing was judged guilty of shielding his man; his title and post were removed, though he kept grand minister of the interior rank. He died in the sixth month of the eighteenth year and was posthumously titled Qinliang.
19
At Enggeder's first enfeoffment the title was then changed by precedent to third-rank angbang zhangjing, with his eldest son Nangnuke to inherit. Nangnuke had already earned second-rank jalan zhangjing in the field; together with the inheritance this amounted to second-rank count. Under Kangxi it reverted to second-rank duke, with heirs succeeding at first-rank marquis. Under the Shizong he was specially commanded to inherit as third-rank duke with the style Shunyi, soon changed to Fengyi. In Qianlong 9 the permanent title was fixed as first-rank Marquis of Fengyi.
20
Mangguo'erdai had first received third-rank zongbingguan together with Enggeder, then been redesignated third-rank angbang zhangjing. At the start of Shunzhi he crossed the pass with the armies and helped crush the rebel bands. Three grace edicts raised him to first-rank count. Under Yongzheng heirs succeeded at second-rank jingqini hafan. At the opening of Qianlong the permanent rank was fixed as first-rank viscount.
21
==西 殿 滿滿
Gurushi. Gurushi too was of Yuan imperial descent, a Khalkha taiji who grazed his herds with Enggeder along the Xilamulun. In the eleventh month he came in with taiji Mangguo'er, bringing six hundred households and their herds to submit. The Taizu received them in the throne hall; they paid homage and were banqueted. Each received furs: three sables; two each of lynx, tiger, and raccoon-dog; and one fox; They also received five sable-trimmed court robes, two otter-trimmed coats, three squirrel-trimmed coats, nine python robes, six python brocades, thirty-five bolts of silk, five hundred bolts of cloth, ten taels of gold, five hundred taels of silver, one carved saddle, seven sharkskin saddles, one ornamental quiver, eight quivers with bow and arrows, and ten suits of armor, along with retainers, livestock, land, houses, and every sort of household provision. The sovereign gave Gurushi his daughter as imperial son-in-law, bestowed the name Qingzhuoleketu, granted one Manchu and one Mongol niru, conferred first-rank hereditary zongbingguan, and enrolled him in the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner.
22
Gurushi had been punished repeatedly for misconduct. Now, during mourning for the primary consort, Assistant Prince Zhakana sang and danced in camp. Officials argued that Gurushi should lose his hereditary rank and have his property seized for failing to stop or impeach him; the sovereign again granted a special pardon. At the start of Shunzhi he entered the pass with the armies and helped defeat the rebel bands. Further grace edicts successively raised him to first-rank jingqini hafan. He died in the first month of the eighteenth year and was posthumously titled Minxiang. Under Kangxi heirs succeeded at second-rank jingqini hafan. In Qianlong 8 the permanent title was fixed as second-rank viscount.
23
Mangguo'er arrived with Gurushi and received the same gifts. The Taizu married him to the daughter of his clansman Jibaili and also made him zongbingguan.
24
==
Ochirsang. Ochirsang belonged to the Borjigit clan and came from the Jarud Mongols. His father Bark was beile of the tribe. In Tianming 4, after the Taizu had routed Yang Hao and taken Kaiyuan; In the seventh month Tieling fell again. That very evening Bark, the Khalkha beile Jiesai, and others marched more than ten thousand men to its relief. Battle was joined at dawn; the allied force was shattered, and Jiesai, Bark, and the rest were taken back in captivity. In the first month of the seventh year Ochirsang came as a hostage and asked for Bark's release; the sovereign agreed. In the eighth year Bark paid New Year's court; pleased, the sovereign sent Ochirsang home with him.
25
滿
When the Taizong took the throne, the Jarud broke their oath and turned to Ming. He sent beiles Daishan and Amin with ten thousand men against them. They beheaded the rebel beile Wuerzhaitu, captured Bark and his two sons, and brought back fourteen beiles including Lashe xibu, Daichin, and Sangaerzhai. The sovereign enrolled them in the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner and gave them clothing and equipment. Ochirsang was soon appointed niru ejen.
26
In the Taizong's day, among Borjigit descendants who submitted, took command, won honors, and received titles, there were also Bulkitu, Bilashi, and Se'ergeke.
27
使 使
Bulkitu was originally a taiji of the Khorchin. In the sixth month he sent tribute; in the ninth he came to court. In the tenth month the Taizong led a campaign against Ming himself. Because Bulkitu had once paid tribute to Ming and knew the passes, he was made guide. The army crossed the border, took Longjing Pass, pacified Luowenyu, and left Bulkitu with a detachment to hold the place. In the first month of the fourth year Ming generals Ding Qiming and others attacked with three thousand men. Bulkitu met them in battle; the Ming force was beaten back into the fort. The next day he pressed the attack, took the fort, captured Qiming and three subordinate generals, and killed or captured a great number. He was granted the style Daidarhan. In the first month of the fifth year he was given Beile Abatai's fourth daughter in marriage. In the third month he joined the sovereign's campaign against the Chakhar. Some Chakhar who had surrendered rebelled again and plundered Tumet people and livestock in the army camp. Bulkitu pursued, killed fugitives, was wounded in the foot, and soon brought his following back in. When the Mongol banners were organized he was assigned to the Plain Blue Banner. In the sixth month of Chongde 1 he received first-rank angbang zhangjing. He died. His son Banzhule inherited the rank. Grace edicts successively raised the line to first-rank count. At the opening of Qianlong the permanent title was fixed as first-rank viscount.
28
Bilashi too was a taiji of the Khorchin. In the second month he and his father Beile Buyan had audience with the Taizong and asked to submit. In the eighth month the sovereign led a campaign against the Chakhar in person, called up Mongol levies, and encamped at Chuoluoguo'er. Bilashi followed his khan Lasikabu to the imperial camp and offered treasure, camels, and horses. The sovereign declined them all, feasted him, gave him armor, and then took him against the Chakhar, where he fought with distinction. He soon followed Beile Yueto against the Dongkui, and with jalan ejen Samushka, niru ejen Buyan, bayara janggin Bo'erhui, and others fought shoulder to shoulder, broke the enemy, and took more than a hundred heads. He soon brought the households under his command in to submit. When the Mongol banners were organized he was assigned to the Bordered Red Banner. The sovereign gave him an imperial clanswoman in marriage and ordered Beile Daishan to support him. Bilashi pleaded poverty, and the sovereign gave him gold. In Chongde 1 he received hereditary third-rank angbang zhangjing. In the third year, when trade with Ming opened at Zhangjiakou, Bilashi was sent to oversee it. In the sixth year he went again to oversee the market. Each prince and minister then sent retainers with him. When someone stole Prince Li Daishan's gold, Bilashi was fined for letting a prisoner escape. In Shunzhi 3 he followed Prince Yu Dodo in the pursuit of Tengjisi and died on the march. His son Duo'erji inherited the rank. The title was changed to third-rank jingqini hafan, and grace edicts raised it to second rank. At the opening of Qianlong the permanent title was fixed as third-rank viscount.
29
使 退
Se'ergeke's forebears came from the Khara Cherik tribe. His father Abaidai batulu brought his people in during Tiancong, received hereditary third-rank jalan zhangjing, and was enrolled in the Plain White Banner. When he died, Se'ergeke succeeded and was made first-rank guardsman. In Chongde 1 he joined the campaign against Korea. King Li Juan of Korea held Namhansanseong, and the army followed him there. Se'ergeke scaled the heights, was wounded, and received three horses as reward. In the fifth year he followed Prince Zheng Jirhalang and others against Ming in the siege of Jinzhou. Se'ergeke led twenty guardsmen forward into hand-to-hand fighting. One Senggeyi, a Mongol who had gone over to Ming and become a capable general, was attacked and killed by Se'ergeke. Prince Zheng sent qixinlang Erhetu back to report his exploit to the sovereign. In the sixth year Jinzhou was besieged again. Se'ergeke was told to pick forty bayara troops for an ambush; he captured a Ming general, took his armor and weapons, and was granted them. The sovereign commanded in person against Hong Chengchou and ordered an ambush at Gaoqiao. Se'ergeke killed seven Ming soldiers and was again rewarded with two horses. Again he routed the enemy cavalry ahead of the main force. The army besieged Songshan and ringed the city with trenches. When the garrison sallied against the ujen cahaa outpost, Se'ergeke rushed thirty bayara troops to its relief and the city force withdrew. In the seventh year, winter, he followed Beile Abatai against Ming, passed by the Ming capital, and attacked Lincheng; He raided Shandong and assaulted Qingzhou, fighting hard throughout and taking wounds.
30
When the Shizu came to the throne, Abaidai batulu's old services and Se'ergeke's battlefield record were entered on the rolls. On a further grace edict he received second-rank ashan i hafan and was made inner minister. The Sage Ancestor then extended favor to the old ministers, and Se'ergeke was made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. He died in the twentieth year and was posthumously titled Qinmin. In early Qianlong his rank was fixed as second-rank baron.
31
==
Aji Bai. Aji Bai belonged to the Jote clan; his ancestors came from the Barin Mongols. When the banners were organized, he was enrolled in the Plain Blue Banner. He entered the Taizu's service early and was made niru ejen. When the Taizu took Fushun, On the march home, Ming commander-in-chief Zhang Chengyin sallied from Guangning against the rear. Aji Bai followed Beile Abatai in a counterstroke and routed him. In the fourth year he defeated Ming commander Du Song at Jiefan. In the seventh year he routed Ming forces at Shaling. Aji Bai took part in every one of these actions.
32
西 西
At the opening of Shunzhi he crossed into China and fought Li Zicheng. Aji Bai acted as meiren ejen and brought up the rear. He soon joined gusa ejen Ibay in driving the rebels through Shanxi to Zezhou, storming their strongpoints again and again, and was raised to Plain Blue Banner Mongol meiren ejen. In the second year he received half a rank step. In the third year he followed Prince Su Hooge against Zhang Xianzhong. Marching through Hanzhong, he and gusa ejen Bahana drove off the rebel general He Zhen; He pacified Qinzhou and, with Minister Xingne, broke Zhang Xianzhong's general Gao Ruli, seizing more than a hundred horses and mules; Pressing Xianzhong at Xichong, he and bayara dao ejen Erjin and Subai fought battle after battle, each ending in victory. On the muster of honors, a grace edict raised him cumulatively to first-rank adaha hafan with tuwashara hafan. In the eighth month of the ninth year he asked to retire on account of age and was released from the meiren ejen office. He died soon after and was posthumously titled Zhongqin.
33
== 滿
Enggtu. Enggtu's clan is no longer known; he came from the Khorchin Mongols. He came in from Hada with his family and was made niru ejen. With jalan ejen Adai he was posted to Yilanbuliku to block Mongol nomads from crossing the frontier. On patrol with ten men he met a hundred foes, chased them down, and killed nearly every one. Learning that over a thousand Ming troops were moving on Haizhou, he raced forward with three hundred men and put them to flight. Under Tiancong he repeatedly followed the Taizong against Ming, drew near the capital, and struck Man Gui's army; He assaulted Zunhua, smashed enemy lines, and entered Da'an Pass—each time leading the charge. For his services he received hereditary second-rank jalan zhangjing and was made chengzheng of the Ministry of War. When the Mongol banners were organized, Enggtu was enrolled in the Plain Red Banner and at once made its gusa ejen.
34
In Chongde 1 he joined the Ming campaign and, with Adai and others in ambush, wiped out Ming border patrols. He again followed the Korean campaign, closed on the capital, and with gusa ejen Tan Tai and others raised scaling ladders to the walls. He was soon charged because during the Ming campaign at Songshan the Plain Blue, Plain White, and Bordered White banners had fallen into disorder in camp, and he had hidden the fact instead of reporting it; On the return beyond the pass his force met the enemy and was beaten; he was fined and lost his prisoners and spoils. He was charged again for the Korean campaign: while at his meal he failed to answer the sovereign's summons at once, a servant went out rashly and was killed by Korean troops; found guilty, he was allowed to redeem the penalty with a fine. In the third year he followed Beile Yueto against Ming and attacked Miyun. Five li from Qiangziling, Enggtu took his men over the heights ahead of the whole army, crossed the border, and routed the foe. In the fifth year he followed Prince Zheng Jirhalang and others against Ming in the siege of Songshan. When Ming troops raided the camp by night, Enggtu led his banner force and drove them off. In the sixth year he followed the sovereign against Ming. The sovereign ordered Enggtu and gabushan galdan i angban Wubai to strike Ming governor-general Hong Chengchou, but Enggtu disobeyed the battle plan and hung back when the enemy appeared. On the army's return officials urged dismissal; he was allowed to redeem the penalty with a fine. He was soon put on rotation with other commanders to hold Songshan.
35
西殿 西
In Shunzhi 1 he crossed into China, fought Li Zicheng, rose to first-rank jalan zhangjing, and received half a rank step. He followed Prince Yu Duoduo west against the rebels, then turned toward Jiangnan. When the enemy pressed on the army's heels, Enggtu held the rear and won four successive fights. He soon defeated Ming general Zheng Hongkui at Guazhou, then swept from Jiangnan into Zhejiang, took Hangzhou, routed the enemy, and seized thirty-five boats. He captured Jiaxing and reduced Kunshan. He was promoted to third-rank meile zhangjing. From Zhejiang he pushed into Fujian and, with gusa ejen Handai, captured one prefecture and five counties; with meiren ejen Orosen he took one prefecture and eight counties; and at Fenshui Pass and Nanjing he earned merit in every fight. In the fourth year he rose to first-rank ashan i hafan. In the fifth year he died in camp while campaigning against the Jiangxi rebel Jin Shenghuan. In early Qianlong his rank was fixed as second-rank baron.
36
== 西 滿
Eobendui. Eobendui belonged to the Manjing clan; his ancestors were Mongols. He had entered Ming service as shoubei. In Tianming 6, when the Taizu took Liaoyang, Eobendui came over with thirty-five soldiers and sixty horses. When the Mongol banners were later organized, he was enrolled in the Plain Yellow Banner. In the seventh year he served with merit in the Guangning campaign and received hereditary yuji. In Tiancong 1 the Taizong marched against Ming and encamped at Jinzhou. He told imperial son-in-law Suna to pick Mongol troops to hold the enemy west of Tashan; Eobendui was among them. When two thousand foes came up, they charged hard and broke them. The sovereign shifted to Ningyuan. Ming commander Man Gui drew up east of the city; Eobendui led five niru of armored troops through the enemy line and was raised to second-rank canjiang. In the second year he followed the sovereign against the Dorote with two hundred vanguard horsemen. The enemy gave ground northward, then threw in fresh elite troops in a death fight; as the army began to waver, Eobendui spurred ahead alone. The foe broke and ran; the sovereign drove all the beile forward together, killed their taiji Guru, and the captures were beyond count. He rose to first-rank canjiang and was made Right Wing Mongol gusa ejen.
37
退 殿 西 退
In the third year he followed the sovereign against Ming. Five Ming border commanders met them on five roads; Eobendui led his men into the fight, killed a canjiang, took his standard, passed Da'an Pass, pressed toward the Ming capital, and captured Yongping, Luanzhou, Zunhua, and Qian'an. The sovereign left Eobendui with gusa ejen Chahala and others to hold Zunhua while Beile Amin stayed at Yongping to cover the commanders. When Ming forces attacked, Amin ordered the city abandoned and the army withdrawn. With the enemy already at the walls, Eobendui went out with fifty men, killed seven border scouts, took their horses, and brought Chahala and the whole force back intact. Eobendui covered the retreat. The Ming army pressed hard, but he beat them back again and again, saw the column safely across the border without loss, and was raised to third-rank fujiang. In the fifth year he followed the sovereign against Ming in the siege of Dalinghe, encamping west of the city. When the garrison sallied to contest the captured tower forts, Eobendui and gusa ejen Hositu drove their men forward together, broke the enemy back into the city, and chased them to the moat with heavy slaughter. On the army's return he was richly rewarded. In the eighth year he was redesignated third-rank jalan zhangjing. He died in the first month of the ninth year. Under Kangxi his elder brother's grandson Toktakhar succeeded to the hereditary rank. Serving under pacification-far general Fiyanggu against Galdan, he earned merit and rose to third-rank jingqini hafan. In early Qianlong his rank was fixed as second-rank baron.
38
==
Hejige'er. Hejige'er's clan is no longer known; he came from the Urad Mongols. He had entered Ming service as qianzong. When the Taizu took Guangning he came over with Shi Tingzhu, was made jalan ejen, and was assigned to the ujen cahaa. When the Han Army banners were later organized, he was enrolled in the Plain White Banner and adopted the Han surname He. Hejige'er served the Taizu and campaigned with merit against the Barin, Dongkui, and other tribes. On the Ming campaign he scouted the enemy at Jizhou, killed three border scouts, and when three hundred foes attacked charged in and killed a baizong. In the fifth year he again joined the Ming campaign, besieged Dalinghe, and broke Jinzhou's relief force; when garrison parties came out for firewood and contested the tower forts, he defeated them as well. In the fighting below the walls our standard-bearer fell into the moat; Hejige'er pulled him out and with his arquebus killed three more enemy soldiers. In the eighth year he received hereditary niru zhangjing. In Chongde 3 he again followed Beile Yueto against Ming. In the fourth year the ujen cahaa was split into four gusa and eight meiren, and Hejige'er became Bordered White Banner meiren ejen. In the fifth year he joined the siege of Jinzhou and repeatedly routed the enemy. In the sixth year he again took part in the Jinzhou siege. Enemy detachments from Songshan held the three redoubts south of Gaoqiao; Hejige'er took them with firearms and killed more than a hundred. In the seventh year he helped take Tashan and Xingshan, received half a rank step, and was made Plain White Banner meiren ejen. In the eighth year he joined the capture of Zhonghousuo and Qiantunwei and rose to first-rank jalan zhangjing. He died in the second month.
39
Baiyindari, Hejige'er's son, succeeded to second-rank adaha hafan. Under the Sage Ancestor he rose from canling to commander of the Xuande garrison. In the thirteenth year, when Geng Jingzhong rebelled, Baiyindari was shifted to campaign-attached Fujian zongbing. Shang Kexi asked for more troops to hold Guangdong, and the sovereign ordered Baiyindari and Fujian governor Yang Xi to Guangzhou. In the fifteenth year, when Kexi's son Zhixin turned rebel, Baiyindari and Xi led their men in a gate-cutting breakout and joined the main force at Ganzhou. The sovereign praised his loyalty and courage and raised him to first rank. In the nineteenth year he was made deputy lieutenant-general at the Guangzhou garrison. In the twenty-seventh year he was moved to General of Guangzhou. He died in the thirty-seventh year, and his son He Tianpei succeeded.
40
By then Tianpei held the rank of canling and was repeatedly moved to General of the Jiangnan Jingkou garrison. At the start of the Yongzheng reign he was appointed acting governor of Jiangsu. He entered the capital as Minister of War and left again as General of Jiangning; he returned to the capital as lieutenant-general of the Plain White Banner Chinese Banners and again served as acting Minister of War. In the fifth month of the sixth year the sovereign had Tianpei arrested and tried by the Ministry of Justice for currying favor with Nian Gengyao and Longkodo; the sentence was death with reprieve. In Qianlong 1 he was pardoned and released from prison. He died soon afterward. After Tianpei's disgrace, Baiyindari's great-grandson He Jun succeeded in reduced rank to second-rank adaha hafan. During the Qianlong reign his name was changed to Lizhu. He rose to Provincial Commander-in-Chief of Guizhou.
41
== 使祿 西
Alai. Alai belonged to the Mangnut clan and had long lived in the Khalkha lands. Under Taizong he came over with his family and was enrolled in the Mongol Plain Yellow Banner. Once sent as envoy to the Aru tribe, he brought their chief to submit. The sovereign praised his skill, granted him the title Darhan, and exempted him from taxes and corvée. At the head of five hundred men he hunted fugitives for months on end, beheaded four rebel ringleaders, and brought back the rest as captives. He again led troops against the Kamunika tribe, captured their chief Yelei, and seized countless households and livestock. In Chongde 9 he received first-rank jalan zhangjing plus half a rank step, and was further granted the title Kuruk Darhan. He was soon appointed Left Vice Minister of Rites and gushan ejen of the Mongol Plain Yellow Banner. On the Jinzhou campaign he laid an ambush at Xingshan to intercept the enemy, fought at Songshan, and routed the foe. Early in Shunzhi he followed Gushan Ejen Yechen in the Shanxi pacification; on the army's return he received three hundred taels of silver; in the third year he joined the campaign against Tenggis; and in the sixth year helped put down Jiang Xiang. For these services he was raised to second-rank ashan i hafan. He was also made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. He died in the seventeenth year and was given the posthumous name Wuzhuang.
42
== 滿
Buyan. Buyan belonged to the Gorolo clan and came from the Mongol Chakhar. He had first served in his tribe as a tabunang. In Tiancong 1 he submitted together with Angkun Duleng and was enrolled in the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. On the campaign against the Dongkui he served as guide. On the Keshiketeng campaign he was first to break the enemy line. He again followed Jalan Ejen Tulushi in a raid on the Ming frontier, took border scouts captive, killed more than a hundred, and seized over a hundred firewood carts and scores of mules and donkeys. On another raid through thirteen stations he killed ten men and captured one bazong and three horses. For these deeds he received the hereditary rank of niru zhangjing. In the ninth year he joined Buha Tabunang in a raid on Ningyuan. Once beyond the border they were pursued by more than a thousand Ming troops, and Buha was killed in the fighting. Hatan Batur wheeled about to fight, but his horse was shot and fell. Buyan rode to his rescue, gave him a mount, and together they beat the enemy back. He was rewarded with one captive, two horses, and three oxen, and rose in hereditary rank to third-rank jalan zhangjing.
43
Maoqitate served with merit on the Galdan campaign, received tosaha hafan, and by regulation rose to second rank. Early in Qianlong his peerage was fixed at second-rank baron.
44
==
Arshahu. Arshahu belonged to the Wasan clan. He had first served as a guard to the Chakhar Khan Ligdan. When Ligdan Khan was routed and fled toward Tangut, Arshahu led his forty-odd households across the Hatun River to submit. He was enrolled in the Mongol Bordered White Banner and granted the hereditary rank of yuji. In Chongde 3 he joined the Ming campaign, entered through Qiangziling, repeatedly routed Ming forces, and raided all the way to Jinan. In the third month of the fourth year, on the army's return beyond the frontier, he again defeated Ming troops at Taipingzhai. In the fifth year he joined the Solon campaign and captured the chief Bumbogor together with his family. In the sixth year he joined the Ming campaign and took part in the siege of Jinzhou. Ming cavalry sallied from Songshan to seize the red-barbarian cannon; Arshahu fought them off and then routed the infantry under Hong Chengchou. For this he rose in hereditary rank to first-rank jalan zhangjing. He died in the eighth year, and his elder brother's son Guo'erqin succeeded.
45
西 調滿
By then Guo'erqin was already niru ejen. On the Korea campaign he once routed the enemy with only twenty guards. Early in Shunzhi he crossed into China, fought Li Zicheng, and received half a rank step. He was moved again to meiren zhangjing of the Mongol Bordered White Banner and rose in hereditary rank to second-rank ashan i hafan. In the seventeenth year he became gushan ejen of his banner. The sovereign ordered Pacifier of the West General Ai Xing'a to lead troops with Wu Sangui in pursuit of the Ming Prince of Gui, Youlang. Guo'erqin was made his deputy, and Ai Xing'a was instructed to consult Guo'erqin on all military decisions. In the ninth month of the eighteenth year the army halted at Dali to rest the horses. After a month they marched out from Tengyue by way of Nandian, Longchuan, and Mengmao. In the eleventh month they drew near Hsenwi, where the Ming general Bai Wenxuan held the Tipao River in defense. Guo'erqin, Gushan Ejen Sunta, Bayara Da Janggin Biliketu and Feiyasihha, Gabsi Hiyan Angban Baierhetu, and others picked elite troops and raced more than three hundred li to the river. Wenxuan destroyed the bridge and fled toward Chashan, sending zongbing Ma Ning in pursuit. At Mengyang he surrendered. The army pressed on to Wanjio, captured Youlang, and returned. He was raised to first-rank ashan i hafan with tosaha hafan as well. He was soon made a Grand Councillor and transferred to Manchu lieutenant-general of his banner. He died in the second month of the ninth year and was given the posthumous name Xiangmin. Early in Qianlong his peerage was fixed at second-rank baron.
46
==
Elinqidai. Elinqidai belonged to the Borjigit clan. He lived among the Ujimchin and served the Chakhar as a zaisang. When Ligdan Khan was routed and fled, his followers scattered, and Elinqidai was preparing to submit; when Zaisang Dorji Tasurhai, leading his people in nomadic grazing, met our army, made a stand in the hills, and was beaten and put to flight. Elinqidai overtook him, and the two agreed to surrender together. In the sixth month the sovereign personally led a Ming campaign through the outer territories, and the army halted at Bosoid. Elinqidai, Dorji Tasurhai, and five zaisang—Gushi, Buyandai, Saileng, and others—brought seven hundred fighting men and two thousand dependents to submit. The sovereign sent escorts to Shenyang, rewarded them generously, and enrolled them in the Mongol Plain White Banner. In Chongde 1 he received the hereditary rank of second-rank angbang zhangjing. In the third year he joined the Ming campaign, entered through Qingshankou, crossed the capital region, and raided Shandong, winning every engagement. In the sixth year, at the Jinzhou siege, he shared credit with Arshahu, rose to first rank, and received perpetual inheritance. He died in the eighth year. During Shunzhi he was posthumously named Qinliang. His son Zhamusu succeeded. When the Sage Ancestor ascended the throne he rewarded the old Chakhar submitters among the ministers; Zhamusu, Inner Minister Garmar, Minister without Portfolio Shalidai, and others all received estate lands and bond servants. In Kangxi 3 he was made Inner Minister. He died in the sixth year. Early in Qianlong his peerage was fixed at first-rank viscount.
47
==
Qingdecen. Qingdecen belonged to the Borjigit clan and had long lived at Abuhan. He had first served the Chakhar as a zaisang. When Ligdan Khan was routed and fled, he went with his followers. In Tiancong 8 the sovereign personally led a Ming campaign, raided Xuande, attacked Wanquan Left Guard, and encamped twenty li beyond Shangfangbao. By then Ligdan Khan had fled and died at Dacaotan. Qingdecen, Garmar Jiyin, Donikuruk, and Daerhan Noyan—the four great zaisang—brought Ligdan Khan's two consorts, two thousand fighting men, and their families to submit, sending thirty men ahead to announce their arrival. The sovereign moved on to Kebang and ordered three hundred shi of grain brought up to receive them. When the two consorts and Qingdecen's party arrived, they paid homage at the sovereign's camp. He feasted them and granted sable furs, saddled horses, cattle, and sheep. On the return march he again feasted the newly submitted ministers. Qingdecen and the others knelt and offered wine. The sovereign said, "I do not ordinarily drink, but in view of your sincerity I shall empty this one cup." He then poured wine and gave it to each in turn, rewarded them with armor and fur garments, granted the hereditary rank of first-rank angbang zhangjing, and enrolled them in the Mongol Plain Yellow Banner. In the sixth month of the ninth year the Chakhar taiji Suonuomu submitted. The sovereign held a feast, and Qingdecen was present. The sovereign then said, "The Chakhar have fallen; you ministers have come to submit—I foresaw it all." Qingdecen replied, "Your sacred words go so far—it is truly a divine mirror!" In Shunzhi 2 he was punished for an offense and reduced three ranks. In the third year he followed Prince Yu Dodo on the northern expedition against Tenggis and distinguished himself at Otok Mountain and in the defeat of the Tushetu Khan. The full account is given in the biography of Qitate Che'erbei. He was again raised one rank. That year his rank was changed to first-rank jingkini hafan. He died in the eighth month of the fifth year. Early in Qianlong his peerage was fixed at first-rank viscount.
48
== 滿
Daerhan. Daerhan belonged to the Borjigit clan, lived among the Ujimchin, and served the Chakhar as a zaisang. He submitted together with Qingdecen and the others and was enrolled in the Mongol Bordered Yellow Banner. He received the hereditary rank of first-rank meiren zhangjing and was made chengzheng of the Censorate. In the third year, when the official system was revised, his title was changed to vice minister. In the sixth year the sovereign took the field in person against Hong Chengchou and ordered Daerhan, together with Censorate vice minister Ashi Daerhan, to cross to Shandi and establish camp, while also tallying the enemy heads taken by each unit. When his report on returning pleased the sovereign, he was promoted to grand minister of the interior and kept his vice-ministerial post. In the seventh month of the seventh year Zu Dashou surrendered. The sovereign visited the horse pasture and had the grand ministers of the interior compete in archery, rewarding those who hit the mark; Daerhan won a camel. In the tenth month he followed Raoyu Beile Abatai against Ming on a looting march from Jizhou to Yanzhou. On the army's return he memorialized: "Marching back from Yanzhou, the right-wing banners broke the beile's timetable and crossed the frontier ahead of the left-wing forces. Only the sovereign's majesty overawed the enemy, so our troops ranged freely as though no one stood in their way and the whole army came home intact. Had anything gone wrong, what remorse could ever have sufficed?" He asked that penalties be imposed, and the sovereign withheld rewards from the right-wing banners. During Shunzhi the sovereign extended Taizong's old kindness; when his merit review was complete he rose to third-rank jingkini hafan and was again made chengzheng of the Censorate. In the seventh year he was appointed grand minister of the interior with a seat on the Deliberative Council; an amnesty edict raised him one rank and added tuwashala hafan. He died in the fourth month of the seventeenth year and was posthumously titled Shunxi. Early in Qianlong his fief was fixed at third-rank viscount.
49
== 使西使
Qitate Che'erbei. Qitate Che'erbei belonged to the Hartut clan. He had first served the Chakhar as a zaisang. When Ligdan Khan was routed, Qitate Che'erbei held the Hatun River with four hundred households. In the eleventh month the sovereign sent to summon him. He crossed the river and halted at Xilamulun, then followed the envoy to submit. The sovereign richly rewarded him and enrolled him in the Mongol Plain Blue Banner. Ligdan Khan had eight great consorts; the one who managed affairs for the Gorkhimun banner was among them. After Ligdan Khan died, Gunču Kesige, one of his zaisang, took her to wife. The sovereign judged Gunču Kesige a traitor to his lord, seized the consort, and gave her to Qitate Che'erbei.
50
Early in Shunzhi he followed the army through the pass, pursued Li Zicheng, and reached Qingdu. In the third year he followed Prince Yu Dodo on the northern expedition against Tenggis. When the army halted at Yinga'erchake Mountain and learned Tenggis was at Gungerutai, they galloped in pursuit to Otok Mountain and captured his family. The Tushetu Khan brought sixty thousand men to Zhajibula to support Tenggis. Qitate Che'erbei and others led their troops against them, put them to flight, and pursued north for more than thirty li. At dawn the next day the Sečen Khan arrived with another twenty thousand men; they attacked again and routed them as well. For his merit he was raised one rank. He died in Kangxi 3. His son Enuole inherited the title. In the eighteenth year Enuole, serving as company commander, followed Chief Commandant Mangitu south against Zheng Jing and died in the field.
51
== 退
Luoli. Luoli belonged to the Orqin clan. He had first served as a guard to Ligdan Khan of Chakhar. When Taizong personally campaigned against Chakhar, Ligdan Khan fled and died. Luoli brought the gold Mahākāla image cast in the early Yuan by Basiba Lama and led more than a hundred men to submit. He was enrolled in the Mongol Plain Yellow Banner and granted the hereditary rank of first-rank assistant brigadier-general. In Chongde 3 he followed Beile Yoto against Ming, broke through at Qiangziling by tearing down the border wall, and defeated Ming governor-general Wu Aheng. In the sixth year he joined the Ming campaign and besieged Jinzhou. When the garrison sallied forth, the vanguard of the left-wing three banners was beaten back into the trench; Ming troops surrounded them and pressed Luoli's sector. Luoli fought fiercely and fell in battle; posthumously he was granted third-rank meiren zhangjing.
52
Luoli's elder brother was Shaji; his younger brothers were Uban Hoshoci and Shalidai. Shaji inherited Luoli's remaining title. When Ligdan Khan fled and died, Uban Hoshoci separately led seventy men to submit and was made guerrilla colonel. He died, and his younger brother Shalidai inherited the title. Early in Shunzhi Shalidai, as niru captain, followed Prince Regent Dorgon through the pass against Li Zicheng, then followed Prince Yu Dodo against Tenggis, defeated the Tushetu and Sečen Khans, and rose to second-rank adaha hafan. Soon Shaji also died. Shalidai inherited both lines, combined as second-rank jingkini hafan, and was made minister without portfolio. When the Sage Ancestor took the throne, he showed favor to ministers who had formerly come over from Chakhar; Shalidai, together with Grand Minister Garma, Minister without Portfolio Zhamusu, and others, all received estate lands and bondservants. He died in Kangxi 1. Early in Qianlong his fief was fixed at second-rank viscount.
53
Other Mongol commanders who submitted during Taizong's reign and died in battle include Qitate Weizheng, Bayan Duren Manggūnai, Bayan Duren Manggūnai's son Ananda, and grandson Alana; all won distinction and have separate biographies. Those who fell in Shizu's service were Huichuketu, Yinghuanjin, and Sharubu.
54
祿 西
Qitate Weizheng belonged to the Borjigit clan and came from the Ordos Harjin tribe. His family had long lived at Kerulen. During Taizong's reign he submitted with his brothers Ergelezhu'er, Kalandu, and Zhaketuo, leading their followers, and was enrolled in the Mongol Plain Yellow Banner. In the first month the sovereign sent Mongol troops to sweep Xierha and Xibotu and gather scattered Chakhar bands. Qitate Weizheng and Daiqing Tabunang beheaded seventy-three men, accepted the surrender of more than a hundred, and captured dozens of horses and camels. In the fifth month the sovereign campaigned against Ming in person and halted at Gurbantulega. He ordered Mongol troops to take a separate route and join the main army at Xilawusu River. On the march Qitate Weizheng encountered five Chakhar men about to flee into the Aru tribe, seized them, and presented them. In the fifth month of the ninth year he followed Beile Dodo against Ming and halted at Ningyuan. Qitate Weizheng was then gabushiyan gūsa iangbang. He led his men as vanguard to the west bank of the Daling River, where Ming generals Liu Yingxuan and Zhao Guozhi came out with seven thousand to meet them. Though our forces were few, Qitate Weizheng fought fiercely and fell in battle; posthumously he was granted third-rank meiren zhangjing.
55
During Chongde Ergelezhu'er repeatedly joined campaigns against Ming, raided Shandong, besieged Jinzhou, and fought at Songshan, distinguishing himself each time. During Shunzhi he followed the army through the pass against Li Zicheng, received the hereditary niru zhangjing, and was granted half a step of seniority. He died without sons, and Kalandu's son Chahun inherited the title.
56
退 滿
During Chongde Kalandu served as first-rank bodyguard. Early in Shunzhi Shizu extended Taizong's old kindness; repeated amnesty edicts raised his hereditary rank cumulatively to second-rank adaha hafan. When Prince Regent Dorgon held the regency he invited the emperor to his residence. Kalandu had just come off duty; hearing the emperor had few escorts, he took bow and arrows and hurried to guard his side. When Shizu took personal rule he issued an edict praising Kalandu's loyalty, granted him gold, silks, saddled horses, and estate lands, ordered his clan transferred to the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner, and advanced his hereditary rank to first class. Soon afterward he was again reduced to second rank for tardiness while escorting the sovereign on a hunting encirclement. Under the Sage Ancestor he rose cumulatively to minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. He begged to retire on account of age, was made grand minister of the interior, and given the title Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. He died and was posthumously titled Minzhuang. His son Chahun inherited both lines, combined as third-rank ashan-i hafan. In Kangxi 13 Prince An Yuele campaigned against Wu Sangui and halted at Yuanzhou. He fought Wu Sangui's general Ma Bao at Qiangang Mountain and died there. He was posthumously advanced to second rank.
57
Zhaketuo served Taizong and was appointed meiren ejen of the Mongol Plain Yellow Banner. He joined the campaign against Korea and was dismissed because his warships failed to arrive on time. Soon, in recognition of his merit for submitting, and through repeated amnesty edicts, he received the hereditary first-rank adaha hafan combined with tuwashala hafan. He died, and his son Xilabu inherited the title. During Shunzhi he followed General Pacifying the South Jurumara in sweeping Guangdong and fought Ming general Li Dingguo at Xinhui. Xilabu fought fiercely, broke the enemy, and rose to third-rank ashan-i hafan.
58
==
Huichuketu. Huichuketu belonged to the Heleite clan. He had first served the Chakhar as a zaisang. When Ligdan Khan was routed and fled, his followers all scattered. In Tiancong 8, as Taizong returned from Datong and encamped at Shangfangbao, Huichuketu brought more than two hundred men with former zaisang Qingdecen and others to submit. When the Mongol banner system was established he was enrolled in the Plain Red Banner and made jalan ejen. In Chongde 1 he received the hereditary first-rank meiren zhangjing. In the second year he was punished for an offense and reduced one rank to jalan zhangjing. In the third year he joined the Ming campaign and entered through Qiangziling. When Ming troops came from Miyun, Huichuketu withdrew to avoid them. He deserved punishment, but the sovereign, treating him as a surrendered general, pardoned him, seized his livestock, and distributed it among those who had come over from Chakhar. In the sixth year he again joined the Ming campaign, besieged Jinzhou, and fought at Songshan. In the eighth year he raided Ningyuan and repeatedly defeated Ming troops. Early in Shunzhi he followed the army through the pass, attacked Li Zicheng, and joined gūsa ejen Enggū to fight fiercely and defeat the rebels. In the second year he rose to third-rank meiren zhangjing. In the third year he joined the campaign against Zhang Xianzhong and won every engagement. In the first month of the sixth year he joined the campaign against Jiang Xiang and attacked Datong. When garrison troops raided the Tumet camp, Huichuketu went to reinforce, was struck by an arrow, and fell in battle; posthumously he was advanced to second-rank ashan-i hafan. Early in Qianlong the peerage was fixed at second-rank baron; Huichuketu's sixth-generation descendant Wangji'er inherited. On the campaign against the Khoja brothers he died in battle at Yarkand and was posthumously granted first-rank baron.
59
== 西
Yinghuanjin. Yinghuanjin belonged to the Sartu clan and his family had long lived in the Aohan district. When Taizong received Aohan's submission Yinghuanjin came over with the crowd but lost his way and entered Ming Jinzhou. When our army besieged Jinzhou, Yinghuanjin, together with Mongol taiji Nomuqi, Wubashi, and others, let themselves down by rope from the wall to surrender. He received the hereditary niru zhangjing and was enrolled in the Mongol Bordered Blue Banner. He was soon made jalan ejen. Early in Shunzhi he followed the army through the pass against Li Zicheng and served as acting meiren ejen. He commanded the rearguard with distinction and was granted half a step of seniority. In the sixth month, with gūsa ejen Jiral Ebahana, he swept Shandong. In the seventh month the army shifted to sweep Shanxi. Li Zicheng's general Chen Yongfu held Taiyuan. Yinghuanjin rode alone beneath the wall; when garrison troops rushed out he attacked and put them to flight, then took Taiyuan along with fifteen subordinate prefectures and counties, and was rewarded with white silver. In the second year, with gūsa ejen Dulei, he pursued Zicheng to Jiujiangkou and captured his boats. In the third year he followed Prince Su Hauge against Zhang Xianzhong. The rebel general He Zhen held Hanzhong and blocked our army at Jitou Pass with two thousand men. Yinghuanjin led right-wing troops under Beile Nikan to attack and put them to flight, then advanced into Sichuan and, with gūsa ejen Batma and others, fought Xianzhong to repeated victory.
60
After Xianzhong was executed he again joined vanguard jalan ejen Xiergen in pacifying Fuzhou. For merit he rose to third-rank adaha hafan and was confirmed as meiren ejen of the Bordered Blue Mongol Banner. He again followed Prince Zheng Jirhalang in sweeping Huguang. By then Zicheng's remaining followers had surrendered to Ming and were scattered through Baqing, Yuanzhou, and other prefectures and counties. In the sixth year Yinghuanjin, with gabushiyan gūsa iangbang Nushan, meiren ejen Baiyindai, and others, captured Baqing, swept Yuanzhou, broke the enemy at Hongjiang, beheaded two appointed grand coordinators and four vice generals, killed more than two thousand soldiers, and captured nine boats. On the army's return he was promoted to first-rank adaha hafan with the added tuwashara hafan title. In the fifteenth year he marched into Yunnan under Prince Xin Duoni. Yongchang fell in the fourth month of the sixteenth year. Crossing the Lu River, the army met an ambush laid by Ming general Li Dingguo at Mopanshan. The army broke their stockade, but when Huijin and Gushan Ejen Sharubu pressed deep inside, the ambush struck and both were killed; Huijin was posthumously titled Valiant and Diligent.
61
使 滿
Sharubu belonged to the Borjigit clan. In Chongde 2 he submitted from the Chakhar with over a hundred followers, was made niru ejen to command them, and was assigned to the Mongol Bordered White Banner. He was soon promoted to first-rank imperial bodyguard. Under the Shizu, after three further promotions he became gushan ejen of his banner. An amnesty edict granted him the hereditary rank of tuwashara hafan. In the eleventh month of the tenth year he was ordered to defend Hunan with Grand General Chen Tai, Pacifier of the South. In the twelfth year Ming generals Liu Wenxiu, Lu Mingchen, Feng Shuangli, and others invaded Yuezhou and Wuchang with tens of thousands in several columns; Sharubu and Bayara Dao Zhangjing Sukeesaha ambushed them and won a crushing victory. When the enemy struck Changde again with over a thousand boats crowding the river, Sharubu intercepted them, won six successive fights, and burned their fleet. Lu Mingchen drowned, Feng Shuangli fled wounded, and Liu Wenxiu withdrew to Taoyuan. Sharubu pursued with Bayara Dao Zhangjing Duerde and others until Wenxiu fled into Guizhou. In the fifteenth year he joined Duoni's march into Yunnan. The following year he fell beside Huijin; posthumously titled Loyal and Valiant, his line was raised to baitalabule hafan. In the Qianlong era the Gaozong ruled that banner lines whose ancestors had died in service, once ordinary succession was exhausted, should receive perpetual enqiwei rank; Sharubu was among them.
62
== 西 滿 滿
The commentators observe: The Khalkha and Khorchin Mongols lay eastward against the Four Hulun tribes. Once Nurhaci's forces emerged, a single defeat convinced them they could not stand and they were among the first to submit. Ming'an and Enggeder sealed their loyalty with marriage alliances, and favor passed down through their lines. Ochirsang began as a hostage, yet received honors nearly equal to the foremost. Men such as Aji Bai came from lesser Mongol lines yet earned rewards through service. Ligdan Khan's Chakhar realm lay beyond the Xuan-Da frontier; the Taizong struck at its weakness and brought it under arms. Buyan and others won fame in battle, yet Luoli and his comrades who died on the frontier deserve special praise. Early Mongol submitters were enrolled directly in Manchu banners; those arriving from Ming lands entered the Chinese banners. When the Mongol banner system was set in Tiancong 9, those already in Manchu or Chinese registers were left as they were.
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