Volume 230 Biographies 17: Wu Likan, Wu Nage, A Shen Da Er Han, E Moketu, Ji Siha, Kang Kalei

孫達哩吉思哈弟吉普喀達吳巴海康喀勒從兄子和托瑪拉

Their grandsons Daliji, Sihadi, Jipu, Kada, Wuba, and Haikang Kalei, together with the cousin's son Hetomala.

兄孫通嘉薩璧翰}}武理堪，瓜爾佳氏，世居義屯。父伊蘭柱，徙居哈達費德里。太祖初起，武理堪來歸。歲癸巳，葉赫糾九部之師，三道來侵，上遣武理堪出東路偵敵。武理堪出虎攔哈達新城，行將百里，方度嶺，群鴉競噪，若阻其行者，武理堪心異之，度行且與敵左，馳歸告上，上命改道自札喀路向渾河部。武理堪行，薄暮至渾河，敵方屯北岸會食，爨火密如星。武理堪得葉赫邏卒一，言敵兵三萬，將夜度沙濟嶺而進，遂挾以還報，時夜方半，上命旦日出師。武理堪慮我軍怵敵眾，言曰：「敵雖眾，心不一，誰能禦我？」及戰，遂破諸路兵。

Wu Likan belonged to the Guwalgiya clan; his family had long resided at Yitun. His father Yilanzhu later relocated the family to Hada Fedeli. When Taizu first raised his standard, Wu Likan came over to his side. In the guisi year, Yehe rallied the forces of nine tribes and attacked along three roads. The sovereign dispatched Wu Likan by the eastern route to scout the enemy. Setting out from Hulan Hada New City, Wu Likan had marched nearly a hundred li and was crossing a pass when a flock of crows rose in a raucous clamor, as though to bar his path. Troubled by the omen, he reckoned that pressing on would put him abreast of the enemy, rode back at speed to report, and the sovereign ordered him to take the Zhaka road instead toward the Hun River country. Wu Likan pressed on and reached the Hun River at dusk. The enemy were camped on the north bank at supper, their cook-fires scattered thick as stars. He seized a Yehe scout who reported thirty thousand enemy troops intending to cross Shaji Ridge under cover of night. Taking the man with him, he returned to report; the night was half spent, and the sovereign ordered the host to march at daybreak. Fearing that our men would shrink before the enemy's numbers, Wu Likan said, "They may be many, but their hearts are divided—who can stand against us?" In the fighting that followed, the armies on every route were broken.

旗制定，武理堪隸滿洲正白旗，分轄丁戶，為牛錄額真。出從征伐，率選鋒前驅，為噶布什賢噶喇昂邦。天命四年，明經略楊鎬合諸鎮兵四道來侵，太祖督諸貝勒帥師御之。既，敗其三道，獨總兵李如柏出鴉鶻關，未與我師遇，鎬檄使引還。武理堪方率二十騎邏虎攔山，見如柏軍行山麓；乃令諸騎立馬山巔，鳴螺，脫帽系弓末，揮且噪，若指揮伏兵者，如柏軍望而愕顧。武理堪遂縱騎疾馳下擊，斬四十人，獲馬五十匹，如柏軍奪路走，相蹂藉死者復千餘。武理堪尋卒，太祖歎曰：「武理堪從朕摧鋒陷陣，幾死者數矣！」乃錄其二子吳拜、蘇拜。

After the banner system was established, Wu Likan was placed in the Manchu Plain White Banner, given charge of households, and appointed niru captain. On campaign he marched with the host, leading picked vanguard troops, and held the post of commander of the brave guards. In the fourth year of Tianming, the Ming Grand Secretary Yang Hao combined provincial forces in four columns for an invasion, and Taizu himself oversaw the beile as they led the army to oppose them. Three of the columns were soon defeated. Only Regional Commander Li Rubai, coming out through Yahuguan, had not yet encountered our forces when Hao ordered him recalled by dispatch. Wu Likan happened to be leading twenty horsemen along Hulan Mountain when he saw Rubai's troops moving along the foothills; He had his men rein up on the ridge, blow conchs, tie their caps to their bow-tips, and wave and shout as though directing an ambush. Rubai's troops looked up in startled confusion. Wu Likan then spurred his riders down in a headlong charge, killing forty men and taking fifty horses. Rubai's force fled pell-mell along the road, and over a thousand more perished in the crush. Wu Likan died not long after. Taizu sighed and said, "Wu Likan followed me through the hottest fighting and was brought to death's door more than once!" He then took his two sons Wubai and Subai into service.

吳拜，年十六，從太祖伐明，略撫順，遇敵輒奮鬥，矢中顙不顧。嘗從太祖獵，有熊突圍出，躍上峻嶺，太祖遙望見一人躍馬射熊，貫胸而墮。上顧侍臣雅蓀曰：「是非吳拜不能。」遣視之，吳拜也。因諭諸皇子曰：「吳拜之勇，今共見之矣！」遂授侍衛。天命四年，從伐葉赫，負重創，力戰不退，師還，賜良馬。明總兵毛文龍誘我新附之眾實皮島。吳拜循徼三日，獲逋八十餘，射殺文龍使者，還告上。時吳拜已代父為牛錄額真，上命以所獲隸所轄牛錄。六年，從伐明。破明軍於南壽山，授備禦。既克遼陽，以俘獲分隸諸將，上以吳拜能繼父志，年少建功，命視一等大臣，隸千人。十一年，蒙古巴林部貝勒囊努兔背盟掠境上，上遣將討之，吳拜從，諜者為敵困，援之出，殪敵百人。

Wubai was sixteen when he followed Taizu against the Ming in the raid on Fushun. He always flung himself into the fight, and when an arrow struck his forehead he did not so much as pause. Once while hunting with Taizu, a bear broke cover and scrambled up a steep ridge. From a distance Taizu saw a rider spur after it, shoot the beast through the chest, and bring it tumbling down. The sovereign turned to his attendant Yasun and said, "Only Wubai could have done that." He sent men to see: it was Wubai. He then told the princes, "You have all witnessed Wubai's courage today!" He then made him an imperial guardsman. In the fourth year of Tianming he joined the attack on Yehe, took severe wounds, and fought on without giving ground. When the army returned, he was rewarded with a fine horse. The Ming regional commander Mao Wenlong lured away our newly submitted people to Pidao. Wubai patrolled the border for three days, seized more than eighty deserters, killed one of Wenlong's messengers, and returned to report. Wubai had by then succeeded his father as niru captain, and the sovereign ordered that the captives be enrolled in the niru under his command. In the sixth year he joined a campaign against the Ming. He routed Ming troops at Nanshou Mountain and was appointed deputy commander. After the capture of Liaoyang, booty and captives were parceled out among the commanders. Seeing that Wubai had upheld his father's legacy and won distinction while still young, the sovereign treated him as a minister of the first rank and placed a thousand men under him. In the eleventh year the Balin Mongol beile Nangnuhu broke faith and raided the frontier. Wubai joined the punitive expedition sent against him, rescued scouts whom the enemy had surrounded, and killed a hundred of the raiders.

太宗即位，列十六大臣，佐鑲白旗。命逐蒙古亡去者，至都爾弼。蒙古亡去者十五人，拒戰，吳拜既被創，仍奮擊，盡斬之。太宗諭諸大臣曰：「是固先帝數嘉許者！」賞特厚。天聰四年，伐明，取永平、灤州等四城，吳拜從貝勒阿敏守永平。阿敏引還，吳拜當坐罪逮系，以嘗率擺牙喇兵援灤州，夜入敵營，太宗命貰之，釋其縛。尋授噶布什賢甲喇章京。五年，從伐明，圍大凌河城，與甲喇章京蘇達喇詣錦州偵敵。六年，從伐察哈爾，率精騎前驅，道遇蒙古亡去者，擊殺之，察哈爾林丹汗西奔土默特部。師還，取歸化城，上命吳拜撫輯降者。

When Taizong ascended the throne, Wubai was named one of the sixteen great ministers and served with the Bordered White Banner. He was ordered to pursue Mongol fugitives as far as Duerbi. Fifteen fugitive Mongols stood and fought. Though Wubai was wounded, he pressed the attack and cut them down to the last man. Taizong told the ministers, "This is the man my late brother praised time and again!" He rewarded him with exceptional largesse. In the fourth year of Tiancong, during a campaign against the Ming, Yongping, Luanzhou, and four other cities were captured. Wubai followed Beile Amin in holding Yongping. When Amin pulled back, Wubai was held culpable and placed in bonds. But because he had once led the bayalara to relieve Luanzhou and raided the enemy camp by night, Taizong pardoned him and had him released. He was soon appointed colonel of the brave guards. In the fifth year he joined the Ming campaign and took part in the siege of Dalinhe, then went with Colonel Sudara to Jinzhou to reconnoiter the enemy. In the sixth year he marched against Chahar at the head of elite cavalry, cut down Mongol fugitives encountered on the march, and pursued Ligdan Khan of Chahar as he fled west into Tumed territory. On the return march Guihua was taken, and the sovereign charged Wubai with pacifying the surrendered population.

八年，伐明，攻大同，多爾濟將中軍，圖魯什將左軍，吳拜將右軍，明總兵曹文詔迎戰，擊敗之。復與甲喇章京席特庫設伏宣府，獲明守備一，殲其遊騎。尋與承政阿什達爾漢等招林丹汗子額哲來歸。九年五月，明屯軍大凌河西，吳拜與固山額真阿山、石廷柱、圖賴要其歸路，斬明副將劉應選，獲游擊曹得功及守備三，殲步騎五百餘，复攻克松山城南堡。師還，進三等甲喇章京。是時，上遣諸貝勒分道伐明，命吳拜等帥師駐上都城舊址，偵軍事。崇德元年，復命與勞薩等齎書投明邊吏。

In the eighth year, on a Ming campaign against Datong, Dorji led the center, Tursi the left, and Wubai the right. The Ming regional commander Cao Wenchao gave battle and was routed. He again joined Colonel Xituku in an ambush at Xuanfu, took a Ming garrison commander, and wiped out the enemy patrol horse. He then joined Grand Secretary Ashi Daerhan and others in winning over Ligdan Khan's son Eje, who came in submission. In the fifth month of the ninth year, when Ming forces lay west of the Dalin River, Wubai joined Banner Commanders Ashan, Shi Tingzhu, and Tulai in cutting off their retreat. They killed the Ming vice commander Liu Yingxuan, took Brigadier Cao Degong and three garrison commanders, destroyed more than five hundred foot and horse, and seized the southern bastion of Songshan. On the army's return he was promoted to third-rank colonel. At that time the sovereign sent the beile on several routes against the Ming and ordered Wubai and others to hold the old site of Shangdu with a force to watch enemy movements. In the first year of Chongde he was again ordered, with Laosa and others, to carry dispatches to Ming frontier officials.

冬，徵朝鮮，命與承政馬福塔等率兵三百為前驅，襲朝鮮都城，朝鮮王倧走南漢山城。師進，吳拜與勞薩擊破朝鮮援兵，斬二百餘級。二年，授噶布什賢噶喇昂邦，列議政大臣。甲喇章京丹岱、阿爾津等如土默特互市，將還，命吳拜率將校至歸化城迎護，遇明邏卒十六人，斬其十五，獲馬十九，俘一，以還。

That winter, on the Korean expedition, he and Grand Secretary Mafuta were ordered to lead three hundred men as vanguard, storm the Korean capital, and drive King Jeon to Namhansanseong. As the army advanced, Wubai and Laosa routed Korean reinforcements and took more than two hundred heads. In the second year he was made commander of the brave guards and named among the deliberative ministers. When Colonels Dantai and A'erjin went to Tumed for trade and were returning, Wubai was sent with officers to Guihua to meet them. They fell in with sixteen Ming border troops, killed fifteen, seized nineteen horses and one captive, and came back.

三年四月，略寧遠，逐敵墮壕，斬馘甚眾。八月，率兵八十人至洪山口，遇明兵，斬其裨將；复擊走羅文峪騎兵五百，奪其纛，獲馬四十，殲密雲步兵百餘。五年，與勞薩率兵過中後所，略海濱，斬級二百，獲馬騾牲畜。我師攻錦州，命吳拜駐軍要隘為策應，屢敗敵兵。六年春，以攻錦州勿克，論統師王貝勒罪，吳拜坐罰鍰。秋，上自將攻松山，明兵敗走，吳拜未邀擊，逮系，旋命釋之。七年，從貝勒阿巴泰入明邊，敗敵豐潤、三河、靜海，至於青州。八年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗取明中後所、前屯衛。十一月，复授正白旗梅勒額真。順治初，從入關，擊李自成。二年，解梅勒額真，授內大臣。三年，從豫親王多鐸討蘇尼特部長騰機思。四年，與輔國公鞏阿岱、內大臣何洛會帥師戍宣府。論功，遇恩詔，累進二等伯。

In the fourth month of the third year he raided Ningyuan, chased the enemy into the trenches, and killed a great number. In the eighth month he led eighty men to Hongshankou, encountered Ming forces, and killed their adjutant; then routed five hundred cavalry at Luowenyu, took their banner, captured forty horses, and wiped out more than a hundred infantry at Miyun. In the fifth year he and Laosa led troops past Zhonghousuo, raided the coast, took two hundred heads, and seized horses, mules, and livestock. During the siege of Jinzhou, Wubai was posted at a key pass in support and repeatedly routed the enemy. In the spring of the sixth year, when the assault on Jinzhou failed, the prince in overall command was held culpable and Wubai was fined. That autumn the sovereign led the attack on Songshan in person. Ming forces broke and fled, but Wubai had failed to cut them off. He was placed in bonds and soon afterward released. In the seventh year he followed Beile Abatai into Ming territory, defeated the enemy at Fengrun, Sanhe, and Jinghai, and pushed as far as Qingzhou. In the eighth year he followed Prince Zheng Jirhalang in capturing Ming Zhonghousuo and Qiantunwei. In the eleventh month he was again appointed vice-banner commander of the Plain White Banner. At the opening of the Shunzhi reign he marched through the passes and fought Li Zicheng. In the second year he gave up the vice-banner command and was appointed an inner minister. In the third year he followed Prince Yu Dodo against Tengjisi, chief of the Sunite tribe. In the fourth year he joined Prince Gongadai and Inner Minister Heluohei in leading a garrison force at Xuanfu. For his services, and under successive amnesty promotions, he rose to second-rank baron.

蘇拜，年十五，從太祖伐蒙古有功，授侍衛，兼領牛錄額真。天聰間，從軍收察哈爾林丹汗子額哲，遂入明邊，攻代州，明兵三百自崞縣赴援，蘇拜爭先當敵，明兵潰走。崇德元年，從伐朝鮮，破敵桃山村。三年，授擺牙喇甲喇章京。從貝勒岳託伐明，自牆子嶺入，越明都，擊敗明太監馮永盛。四年，圍錦州，蘇拜屢擊敗明援兵自松山、杏山至者；又與固山額真圖爾格等伏兵烏忻河口，多所俘獲，敵千餘躡師後，擊卻之，獲其輜重。六年，复圍錦州，敗松山騎兵，又敗明總督洪承疇所將步兵，予世職牛錄章京，兼半個前程。七年，從貝勒阿巴泰伐明，敗敵，克樂安、昌邑。八年，師還，進三等甲喇章京。

Subai was fifteen when he joined Taizu's Mongol campaigns with distinction, was made an imperial guardsman, and also served as niru captain. Under Tiancong he marched in the submission of Ligdan Khan's son Eje of Chahar, then crossed into Ming territory and attacked Daizhou. When three hundred Ming troops marched from Guoxian to relieve the city, Subai took the van and drove them off in rout. In the first year of Chongde he joined the Korean expedition and routed the enemy at Taoshan village. In the third year he was appointed colonel of the bayalara. He followed Beile Yuetuo on a Ming campaign, entered through Qiangziling, swept past the Ming capital, and defeated the eunuch commander Feng Yongsheng. In the fourth year, while Jinzhou was under siege, Subai repeatedly routed Ming relief columns from Songshan and Xingshan; With Banner Commander Turgene and others he also laid an ambush at Wuxinhekou and took many prisoners. When more than a thousand enemy followed the army's rear, he drove them off and captured their baggage train. In the sixth year he again invested Jinzhou, routed the Songshan cavalry, and then broke the infantry of Governor-General Hong Chengchou. He was granted the hereditary rank of niru colonel with half a regular stipend. In the seventh year he followed Beile Abatai into Ming territory, defeated the enemy, and captured Le'an and Changyi. In the eighth year, on the army's return, he was promoted to third-rank colonel.

順治初，從入關，擊李自成。世祖既定鼎，命將分道討自成：以豫親王多鐸為定國大將軍，出山西、河南；英親王阿濟格為靖遠大將軍，道塞外土默特、鄂爾多斯諸部入邊，南取西安，蘇拜佐阿濟格軍。方冬，渡黃河，鑿冰以濟。明年春，至榆林。自成兵夜襲蒙古軍，蘇拜與擺牙喇纛章京徹爾布赴援，賊敗走，還軍遇伏，复擊卻之。攻延安，七戰皆勝。自成走湖廣，追之至安陸，屢破賊壘，俘馘無算。三年，攝擺牙喇纛章京。從肅親王豪格討張獻忠，敗獻忠將高汝礪於三寨山，進擊獻忠於西充。賊攻正藍旗營，蘇拜與阿爾津共援之，大破賊兵。五年，師還，授擺牙喇纛章京。論功，遇恩詔，累進二等精奇尼哈番。

At the opening of the Shunzhi reign he marched through the passes and fought Li Zicheng. After the Shizu had established the capital, he sent armies against Zicheng on separate routes: Prince Yu Dodo was named Pacifier of the State Grand General and marched through Shanxi and Henan; Prince Ying Ajige was named Pacifier of the Distant Grand General, entered through Tumed and Ordos beyond the frontier, and marched south on Xi'an. Subai served on Ajige's staff. In the depths of winter they crossed the Yellow River, breaking the ice to ford it. The following spring they reached Yulin. Zicheng's men attacked the Mongol force by night. Subai and Banner Colonel Cherbu went to the rescue, routed the rebels, and on the march back beat off an ambush as well. At Yan'an they fought seven engagements and won them all. Zicheng fled into Huguang; they pursued him to Anlu, repeatedly stormed his camps, and took prisoners and heads beyond number. In the third year he served as acting banner colonel of the bayalara. He followed Prince Su Haoge against Zhang Xianzhong, routed Xianzhong's general Gao Ruli at Sanzhai Mountain, and pressed the attack on Xianzhong at Xichong. When the rebels struck the Plain Blue Banner camp, Subai and A'erjin reinforced it together and routed the rebel force. In the fifth year, on the army's return, he was appointed banner colonel of the bayalara. For his services, and under successive amnesty promotions, he rose to second-rank jingqini hafan.

八年正月，吳拜、蘇拜及內大臣洛什、博爾輝發英親王阿濟格罪狀，吳拜進三等侯，蘇拜進一等精奇尼哈番加拖沙喇哈番。二月，洛什、博爾輝以諂媚諸王、造言構釁，論死；吳拜兄弟坐削爵，奪官，籍沒。蘇拜又坐阿徇睿親王多爾兗，論死，上特宥之。九年，起蘇拜為正白旗梅勒額真。十三年，擢內大臣。十五年，上念吳拜兄弟事太祖、太宗有戰功，复授吳拜世職一等精奇尼哈番，蘇拜一等阿思哈尼哈番。尋授蘇拜領侍衛內大臣。康熙三年十二月，蘇拜卒，諡勤僖。四年四月，吳拜卒，年七十，諡果壯。吳拜子郎談，自有傳。

In the first month of the eighth year Wubai, Subai, and Inner Ministers Luoshi and Bo'erhui denounced Prince Ying Ajige. Wubai was raised to third-rank marquis and Subai to first-rank jingqini hafan with the added title tosara hafan. In the second month Luoshi and Bo'erhui were condemned to death for currying favor with the princes and fabricating charges to sow discord; the Wubai brothers were stripped of rank and office and their property was confiscated. Subai was also condemned to death for siding with Prince Rui Dorgon, but the sovereign granted him a special pardon. In the ninth year Subai was restored to office as vice-banner commander of the Plain White Banner. In the thirteenth year he was promoted to inner minister. In the fifteenth year, recalling the brothers' battlefield service under Taizu and Taizong, the sovereign restored Wubai to the hereditary rank of first-rank jingqini hafan and Subai to first-rank ashan i hafan. He was soon made chief inner minister of the imperial bodyguard. Subai died in the twelfth month of Kangxi 3 and was given the posthumous name Qinxie. Wubai died in the fourth month of the following year at seventy, with the posthumous name Guozhuang. Wubai's son Langtan is treated in a separate biography.

蘇拜第三子和託，康熙間以侍衛從討王輔臣，戰平涼城北，殺賊甚眾；從討吳三桂，戰攸縣，敗三桂將王國佐等；戰永興，敗三桂將胡國柱等。十九年，自廣西進兵攻石門坎、黃草壩，薄雲南省城，敗吳世璠將胡國柄、劉起龍等，皆有功。官至護軍參領，予世職騎都尉加一云騎尉。五十二年，卒。

Hetuo, Subai's third son, served as a bodyguard in the Kangxi era and joined the campaign against Wang Fuchen; at a battle north of Pingliang he slew many rebels; He later fought Wu Sangui at You County and routed Sangui's generals Wang Guozuo and others; At Yongxing he defeated Sangui's commanders Hu Guozhu and others. In the nineteenth year he advanced from Guangxi against Shimenkan and Huangcaoba, closed on the Yunnan capital, and defeated Shifan's generals Hu Guobing and Liu Qilong, earning merit throughout. He rose to colonel of the guards and received the hereditary rank of jiduwei plus one yunjiwei. He died in the fifty-second year.

武納格，博爾濟吉特氏，隸蒙古正白旗。其先蓋出自蒙古，而居於葉赫。太祖創業，武納格以七十二人來歸。有勇略，通蒙、漢文，賜號「巴克什」。歲癸丑，從伐烏喇有功，授三等副將。天命十一年，太祖伐明，圍寧遠城未下，命武納格別將兵攻覺華島。明參將姚撫民將兵四萬，倚島列屯，鑿冰為壕，袤十五里，衛以盾。武納格督軍爭壕，首排盾迳入，盡殲其眾，焚所儲芻糗及舟二千餘，進三等總兵官。

Wu Nage belonged to the Borjigit clan and was registered in the Mongol Plain White Banner. His forebears were originally of Mongol stock but had settled at Yehe. While Taizu was founding the state, Wu Nage submitted with seventy-two followers. Brave and resourceful, he knew both Mongol and Chinese and was honored with the title Bakshi. In the guichou year he distinguished himself in the campaign against Wula and was made third-rank vice general. In Tianming 11 Taizu struck Ming and laid siege to Ningyuan without success; he then ordered Wu Nage to take a separate force against Juehua Island. Ming vice general Yao Fumin had forty thousand men entrenched along the island, with ice-cut trenches fifteen li long shielded along their length. Wu Nage led the assault on the trenches, broke through the shield wall at the head of the column, annihilated the garrison, burned their stores and more than two thousand boats, and was promoted to third-rank zongbing guan.

太宗即位，武納格總管蒙古軍，位亞揚古利、李永芳，在八大臣上。旋以蒙古軍益眾，分左、右二營，武納格與鄂本兌同為固山額真。天聰三年春，與額駙蘇納等率蒙古軍，益以滿洲驍卒八十人，伐察哈爾，降其邊境二千戶。軍中流言降者瞷我師寡將為變，於是盡殲其男子，惟二台吉得免，俘其孥八千。太宗責武納格等殺降非義，奪所給牲畜，命以所俘分隸二翼，贍之毋失所。冬，從太宗伐明，入龍井關，克遵化，進薄明都。明督師袁崇煥自寧遠來援，左翼蒙古兵迎戰不能勝，武納格麾右翼蒙古兵繼進，遂敗敵。賜俘獲之半以犒其軍。尋克固安。四年春，克永平。明將以三千騎自玉田至，武納格遣兵擊之走，獲馬百餘。行略豐潤，還，聞明兵四千攻大安口城急，與察哈喇赴援，解其圍。又就軍士行樵，設伏致敵，斬獲無算。

When Taizong took the throne, Wu Nage commanded the Mongol forces, ranking below Yangguli and Li Yongfang but above the eight great ministers. As the Mongol army grew, it was split into left and right wings, with Wu Nage and Ebendui each appointed gushan ejen. In spring of Tiancong 3, with Imperial Son-in-law Suna and others he led the Mongol army, reinforced by eighty elite Manchu troops, against Chahar and took the surrender of two thousand border households. Rumors in camp held that the surrendered meant to spy on the small force and rebel; all adult males were therefore killed, only two taiji were spared, and eight thousand women and children were taken captive. Taizong rebuked Wu Nage and the others for slaughtering those who had surrendered, seized the livestock that had been granted them, and ordered the captives distributed between the two wings and provided for so that none were left destitute. That winter he followed Taizong against Ming, entered Longjing Pass, took Zunhua, and pressed toward the Ming capital. When Ming supreme commander Yuan Chonghuan marched from Ningyuan to relieve the capital, the left-wing Mongols could not hold; Wu Nage sent the right wing forward in support and routed the enemy. Half the spoils were granted to reward his troops. He soon took Gu'an as well. In the spring of the fourth year he captured Yongping. When a Ming commander advanced from Yutian with three thousand cavalry, Wu Nage sent troops to drive him off and seized more than a hundred horses. While raiding Fengrun on the return march, he learned that four thousand Ming troops were pressing Da'ankou; he and Chahala hurried to its relief and lifted the siege. Later, while his men were out gathering firewood, he laid an ambush, drew the enemy in, and killed and captured without number.

五年秋，復從伐明。明總兵祖大壽守大凌河城，杏山守將與大壽書，謀攜軍棄城相就，武納格獲以獻，得其情，於是環城築壘鑿壕，為久困計。武納格統蒙古兵屯城東南，大壽縱兵出攻我所下台堡，武納格與貝勒阿濟格等率兵夾攻，殲敵過半，自是城兵不復出。六年夏，與阿濟格招撫大同、宣府邊外察哈爾部眾。七年秋，與貝勒阿巴泰等侵明，攻山海關，有所俘獲。師還，明兵追襲，武納格為殿，力戰卻之。太宗諭諸貝勒大臣曰：「武納格所在建功，今又為殿敗敵。人臣為國，當如是也！」

In the autumn of the fifth year he again campaigned against Ming. Ming commander Zu Dashou held Dalinghe, and the Xingshan garrison commander wrote to him plotting to abandon their posts and unite their forces; Wu Nage intercepted the letters and reported the plot, after which the besiegers ringed the city with ramparts and trenches for a prolonged siege. Wu Nage held the southeast with Mongol troops; when Dashou sallied against a lower fort, Wu Nage and Prince Ajige struck from both sides and destroyed more than half his force, after which the garrison never ventured out again. In the summer of the sixth year he and Ajige won over the Chahar peoples beyond the Datong and Xuanfu borders. In the autumn of the seventh year he joined Prince Abatai in an incursion against Ming, struck at Shanhaiguan, and took booty. On the withdrawal Ming forces pursued; Wu Nage commanded the rearguard and fought them off. Taizong told the princes and ministers: "Wu Nage wins merit wherever he is sent; now, as rearguard, he has again beaten the enemy. A subject should serve the state in just this way!"

八年五月，改蒙古軍左、右營為左、右翼，以武納格為左翼固山額真。定諸將功次，武納格以一等昂邦章京世襲，旋進三等公。是年，太宗复率諸貝勒分道伐明，命武納格統蒙古軍為策應，入獨石口，越興安嶺，經保安州，至應州，與大軍會，道收察哈爾千餘戶，所過諸州縣，或攻或撫，悉稱上意。閏八月，自得勝堡班師，收蒙古逃人自陽和入者四百七十人。九月，喀爾喀部眾為察哈爾所襲殺，命將百人往诇，斬二十餘人而還。九年二月，卒。子德穆圖、齊墨克圖、廣泰。

In the fifth month of the eighth year the Mongol left and right camps became left and right wings, and Wu Nage was named left-wing gushan ejen. When merits were ranked he received the hereditary rank of first-rank angbang janggin and was soon raised to third-rank duke. That year Taizong again divided his forces against Ming and sent Wu Nage with the Mongols in support through Dushikou and over the Xing'an Mountains by way of Bao'an to Yingzhou, where he joined the main army; he gathered more than a thousand Chahar households en route and attacked or pacified the districts he passed as the sovereign wished. In the intercalary eighth month, marching back from Desheng Fort, he took in four hundred seventy Mongol deserters who had entered from Yanghe. In the ninth month, when Khorchin tribesmen were raided by Chahar, he was sent with a hundred men to scout, killed more than twenty of the enemy, and returned. He died in the second month of the ninth year. His sons were Demutu, Qimoketu, and Guangtai.

德穆圖，武納格長子也。初任牛錄額真。崇德三年正月，擢戶部承政。七月，更定官制，改右參政。四年，從上伐明，圍松山，樹雲梯攻城。會明兵自錦州赴援，德穆圖度不能克，棄雲梯引還，罪當死，上特貰之，論罰。尋兼任梅勒額真。六年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗伐明，圍錦州。蒙古貝勒諾木齊等守外城，約降，鄭親王令德穆圖迎之。諾木齊方率所部與明兵戰，德穆圖以其子阿桑喜出我師克外城，諾木齊始來歸。德穆圖詭言諾木齊父子皆所拔出，論罰，籍家產之半，罷參政、梅勒額真，俾專領牛錄。七年，從貝勒阿巴泰伐明，自薊州入邊，薄明都，略山東。順治元年，從入關擊流賊，授拜他喇布勒哈番。二年，從豫親王多鐸攻潼關，遂定江南。敗明將鄭鴻逵於瓜洲，與都統馬喇希徇常州，與明將黃蜚等遇，再戰皆捷。分兵下宜興、崑山諸縣，加拖沙喇哈番。復任本旗蒙古副都統，三進一等阿達哈哈番。九年，卒。

Demutu was Wu Nage's eldest son. He began as niru captain. In the first month of Chongde 3 he was promoted to bureau director of the Board of Revenue. In the seventh month, when offices were reorganized, he became right vice commissioner. In the fourth year he followed the sovereign against Ming, besieged Songshan, and raised siege ladders against the walls. When Ming relief marched from Jinzhou, Demutu saw the city could not be taken, abandoned the ladders, and withdrew; though the offense was capital, the sovereign spared his life and imposed a fine instead. He was soon made meire ejen as well. In the sixth year he followed Prince Zheng Jirhalang against Ming and laid siege to Jinzhou. The Mongol prince Nomuci and others held the outer city and offered to surrender; Prince Zheng ordered Demutu to receive them. Nomuci was still fighting Ming troops with his followers when Demutu sent out his son Asangxi; once our forces took the outer city, Nomuci at last came over. Demutu falsely claimed credit for winning over Nomuci and his son; he was fined, half his estate was confiscated, stripped of his posts as vice commissioner and meire ejen, and left in charge of a niru alone. In the seventh year he followed Prince Abatai against Ming, crossed in from Jizhou, pressed on the capital, and raided Shandong. In Shunzhi 1 he followed the army through the passes against the roving rebels and was granted baitalabule hafan. In the second year he followed Prince Yu Dodo against Tong Pass and helped pacify Jiangnan. He routed Ming general Zheng Hongkui at Guazhou, joined dutong Malaxi in taking Changzhou, and twice defeated Ming commanders led by Huang Fei. He sent detachments to reduce Yixing, Kunshan, and other counties and received the added title tosara hafan. He was again made Mongol vice dutong of his banner and was three times promoted to first-rank adaha hafan. He died in the ninth year.

齊墨克圖，武納格次子。早歲屢從行陣，略寧遠，敗明兵。武納格既卒，以廣泰襲世職，從伐明，坐違令不前，奪世職，以齊墨克圖降襲一等阿思哈尼哈番。復從伐明，與沙爾虎達等率邏卒至錦州，明兵五百來追，還擊敗之，獲馬六十及其纛。太宗伐明，三圍錦州，齊墨克圖皆在軍中，遇城兵出戰，驟馬截擊，陣斬十人。攻洪承疇所將步卒，掩殺甚眾，又敗敵援兵。崇德八年三月，與阿爾津、哈寧阿等伐黑龍江，圍都里屯，克之；又降大小噶爾達蘇、能吉爾三屯師：賚貂皮、銀幣。十一月，擢梅勒額真，佐本旗。順治初，從入關，加拜他喇布勒哈番，合為三等精奇尼哈番。三年，從定西大將軍何洛會擊破叛將賀珍。五年，卒，復以廣泰襲一等阿思哈尼哈番，別以齊墨克圖子薩哈炳分襲拜他喇布勒哈番。廣泰遇恩詔，進二等精奇尼哈番。乾隆初，定封三等子。

Qimoketu was Wu Nage's second son. In his youth he often took the field, raided Ningyuan, and defeated Ming forces. After Wu Nage's death Guangtai inherited the family rank; on campaign against Ming he was punished for disobeying orders and holding back, lost the hereditary title, and Qimoketu inherited a reduced first-rank ashan i hafan. On a later Ming campaign he and Sharhuda led border troops to Jinzhou; when five hundred Ming soldiers pursued, he turned, routed them, and seized sixty horses and their banner. During Taizong's three sieges of Jinzhou Qimoketu was always in the field; when the garrison sallied he charged to cut them off and killed ten men in the line. Assaulting the infantry under Hong Chengchou he cut down great numbers in ambush and again beat back enemy reinforcements. In the third month of Chongde 8 he joined A'erjin and Haning'a on the Heilongjiang campaign, besieged Dulitun, and captured it; he also reduced the three settlements of Greater and Lesser Ga'erdasu and Nengji'er, and was rewarded with sable pelts and silver. In the eleventh month he was promoted to meire ejen to assist his banner. Early in Shunzhi he followed the entry into China, received baitalabule hafan, and held the combined rank of third-rank jingqini hafan. In the third year he served under Grand General He Lohui, Pacifier of the West, and defeated the rebel He Zhen. He died in the fifth year; Guangtai again inherited first-rank ashan i hafan, while Qimoketu's son Sahabing separately inherited baitalabule hafan. Under successive amnesty edicts Guangtai was raised to second-rank jingqini hafan. Early in the Qianlong reign the title was fixed as third-rank viscount.

阿什達爾漢，納喇氏，與葉赫貝勒金台石同族，為兄弟，太宗諸舅也。太祖滅葉赫，阿什達爾漢率所屬來歸，授牛錄額真，隸滿洲正白旗。天命六年二月，從伐明，攻奉集堡，圍其城，阿什達爾漢先諸將奮進，三月，攻遼陽，复先登，克之，授一等參將，敕免死一次。

Ashi Daerhan of the Nara clan was kin to Yehe prince Gintaisi—they were brothers and maternal uncles to Taizong. After Taizu destroyed Yehe, Ashi Daerhan submitted with his followers, was made niru captain, and was registered in the Manchu Plain White Banner. In the second month of Tianming 6 he campaigned against Ming, stormed Fengji Fort, and was first among the generals to press the assault; in the third month he was again first over the wall at Liaoyang and took the city, for which he was made first-rank participant general with one death penalty remitted.

太宗嗣位，以阿什達爾漢典朝鮮、蒙古諸屬部，嘗奉使宣諭。天聰六年，明邊吏遣使議和，上命阿什達爾漢及白格、龍什等報聘。既盟而歸，白格言阿什達爾漢及龍什等受明邊吏餽，命奪入官。六年，從貝勒濟爾哈朗、薩哈璘如蒙古鞫獄，賚敕二十道，失其九，論罰。十一月，復以定律令頒布蒙古諸部。

When Taizong came to the throne, Ashi Daerhan oversaw Korea, Mongolia, and other subject peoples and was often sent to proclaim imperial orders. In Tiancong 6 Ming border officials sent envoys to discuss peace; the sovereign sent Ashi Daerhan, Baige, Longshi, and others to reply. On their return after the treaty, Baige reported that Ashi Daerhan, Longshi, and the others had accepted gifts from Ming border officials; the sovereign ordered the gifts seized for the treasury. That same year he accompanied Princes Jirhalang and Sahalian to Mongolia to hear cases, was entrusted with twenty edicts, lost nine, and was fined. In the eleventh month he was again sent to promulgate the laws among the Mongol tribes.

八年五月，上自將伐察哈爾林丹汗，命徵兵科爾沁部，會於宣府左衛。林丹汗西遁，道死。所屬額爾德尼囊蘇等以其眾降。上命阿什達爾漢及吳拜等挾額爾德尼囊蘇诇林丹汗子額哲所在。九月，率來降台吉塞冷等還，並報復有祁他特等率千人而來者，踵相接也。旋命至舂科爾大會蒙古諸部，分畫牧地，使各有封守，復與諸貝勒亭平其獄訟。十一月，還報稱旨，令專轄一牛錄。九年二月，從貝勒多爾袞等將萬人取額哲。四月，師至托里圖，多爾袞等遵上所授方略，遣阿什達爾漢及金台石孫南褚諭額哲母。額哲母，金台石女孫也，阿什達爾漢為其族尊行，額哲遂從其母舉部來降。當我軍未至，有鄂爾多斯濟農圖巴者招額哲，與盟而去。阿什達爾漢偵知之，追及圖巴，令悉歸額哲之餽。又率兵入明邊，略宣府、大同，入山西境，多所俘獲。師還，上親迎勞之。

In the fifth month of the eighth year the sovereign led the campaign against Chahar Khan Lindan in person and ordered the Khorchin to muster at Xuanfu Left Guard. Lindan Khan fled westward and died on the way. His followers Erdeni Nangsu and others brought their people in submission. The sovereign sent Ashi Daerhan and Wubai, taking Erdeni Nangsu with them, to find Lindan Khan's son Eje. In the ninth month he returned with the surrendered taiji Seren and others and reported that Qitete was bringing a thousand men, with more parties following close behind. He was soon sent to Chungoer to assemble the Mongols, apportion grazing lands, and, with the princes, settle their disputes. In the eleventh month he returned with a favorable report and was given sole charge of one niru. In the second month of the ninth year he followed Prince Dorgon with ten thousand men to take Eje. In the fourth month the army reached Tuolitu; following the sovereign's plan, Dorgon sent Ashi Daerhan and Gintaisi's grandson Nanchu to reason with Eje's mother. Eje's mother was Gintaisi's granddaughter and Ashi Daerhan her senior kinsman; persuaded through her, Eje brought his whole following in submission. Before our army arrived, Ordos jinong Tubai had summoned Eje, made an alliance with him, and gone off. Ashi Daerhan learned of this, overtook Tubai, and compelled him to restore everything that had been given to Eje. He again led troops into Ming territory, raided Xuanfu and Datong, crossed into Shanxi, and took abundant spoils. On the army's return, the sovereign went out in person to welcome the troops and commend them.

崇德元年六月，授都察院承政。上御崇政殿，侍臣巴圖魯詹、額爾克戴青後至，阿什達爾漢責其慢，叱出之。十月，與希福使察哈爾、喀爾喀、科爾沁諸部，申明律令。十二月，從伐朝鮮，國王李倧走保南漢山城，豫親王多鐸帥師追之，圍城。朝鮮諸道援兵合萬八千人，樹二柵城外，悉眾出戰，阿什達爾漢及貝子碩託率精騎銳進，大破其軍。朝鮮別將以五千人屯山麓為聲援，復分兵百，循河而南，阿什達爾漢馳擊盡殲之，攻破其壘，餘眾皆潰。二年正月，倧請降。論功，進三等副將，世襲。尋復使科爾沁、巴林、扎魯特、喀喇沁、土默特、阿祿諸部，頒赦，且讞獄。明年五月，部議阿什達爾漢讞獄失平，受蒙古諸部餽，命罷承政，奪所餽入官。七月，复授都察院承政。

In the sixth month of Chongde 1 he was made cheng zheng of the Censorate. At Chongzheng Hall the attendant ministers Batulu Jan and Erke Daiqing arrived late. Ashi Daerhan reproached their delay and had them expelled. In the tenth month he and Shifu were dispatched to Chahar, Khalkha, Khorchin, and the other tribes to set forth the laws. In the twelfth month he joined the Korean campaign. King Li Jong withdrew into Nanhanshan city; Prince Yu Dodo led the pursuit and laid siege. Relief forces from the Korean circuits mustered eighteen thousand men, threw up two stockades outside the walls, and marched out in full strength. Ashi Daerhan and Prince Shuotuo led picked cavalry in a fierce charge and smashed them. A Korean deputy stationed five thousand men on the hillside as a reserve and sent a hundred men south along the river. Ashi Daerhan rode down on them, wiped them out, stormed their camp, and the survivors scattered. In the first month of the second year Jong sued for surrender. For his services he was advanced to third-rank deputy general, the rank made hereditary. He was soon sent again to Khorchin, Baarin, Jarud, Kharachin, Tumed, Aru, and the other tribes to proclaim an amnesty and sit in judgment. The next year, in the fifth month, the ministry found that Ashi Daerhan had judged unevenly and accepted gifts from the Mongol tribes. He was dismissed as cheng zheng and the gifts were confiscated. In the seventh month he was restored as cheng zheng of the Censorate.

五年，與參政祖可法等疏論時事，略言：「皇上欲恢張治道，深思篤行之。今諸國景附，朝廷清明，而諸王以下至諸固山額真，彼此瞻顧，第念身家，莫肯一心為國，有所論列。不知果無可言耶，抑有所畏忌而不敢言耶？夫刑所以防民之姦，骫於法則麗於刑，此不可宥也。今刑部斷獄不依本律，諸臣有坐者，或從重論，輒削其職。臣思諸臣歷戰陣，出死力，蒙恩授官；一旦有過，豈可不論重輕而遽削其職乎？臣等竊思先時簡選議事十人，今皆不稱職，宜罷斥。令甲，戰死者將吏得世職，兵則卹其妻孥。今又未盡行，惟皇上裁察。」疏入，上嘉納之。

In the fifth year he joined Grand Secretary Zukefa and others in a memorial on current affairs, which in summary said: "The Emperor wishes to broaden the way of rule and to think deeply and carry it out with steadfast purpose. All the realms now draw near and the court is clear, yet from the princes down to the gushan ejen each watches the others and cares only for self and household, none willing to serve the state with one heart and set forth proposals. Is it that there is truly nothing to say, or that they fear something and dare not speak? Punishment exists to restrain the people's wrongdoing; whoever bends the law falls under punishment, and this cannot be pardoned. Today the Ministry of Punishment tries cases without following the basic statutes; when officials are found guilty they are sometimes sentenced more heavily than the law allows and their offices are at once stripped away. We reflect that these officials have fought through many battles and risked their lives, receiving grace and appointment to office; yet once they err, how can their offices be stripped at once without weighing the gravity of the offense? We privately consider that the ten men earlier chosen to deliberate on affairs are now all unfit and ought to be dismissed. By regulation, officers and commanders who die in battle receive hereditary posts, while the wives and children of common soldiers receive relief. Yet this is again not fully carried out. May the Emperor examine and decide." When the memorial arrived, the sovereign commended and accepted it.

六年，從伐明，上督諸軍圍松山。明總兵曹變蛟屯乳峰山，乘夜棄寨，率步騎直犯御營，諸將力戰卻之。阿什達爾漢未至，論罪，罷承政，降世職為牛錄章京。尋卒。

In the sixth year he joined the Ming campaign while the sovereign directed the armies besieging Songshan. The Ming zongbing Cao Bianjiao lay at Rufeng Mountain. In the night he abandoned his camp and led foot and horse straight at the imperial encampment; the generals fought fiercely and drove him back. Ashi Daerhan had not arrived in time. He was held culpable, dismissed as cheng zheng, and his hereditary rank was reduced to niru janggin. He died soon afterward.

太祖諸臣自葉赫來歸者，蘇納、固三泰、瑚什布皆與金台石同族。

Among the ministers who came to Taizu from Yehe, Suna, Gusantai, and Husibu were all kinsmen of Gintaisi.

蘇納當葉赫未亡，棄兄弟歸太祖，太祖妻以女，為額駙。編所屬人戶為牛錄，使領牛錄額真，隸正白旗。天命四年，太祖滅葉赫，命蘇納收其戚屬隸所領牛錄。十年，授甲喇額真。錄戰功，賜敕免死四次。尋擢梅勒額真。

Before Yehe fell, Suna left his brothers and submitted to Taizu, who gave him a daughter in marriage and made him an imperial son-in-law. Taizu organized his followers into a niru, made him niru captain, and enrolled him in the Plain White Banner. In Tianming 4, after Taizu destroyed Yehe, he ordered Suna to gather Yehe kinsmen into the niru under his command. In the tenth year he was appointed jalan ejen. His battlefield merit was recorded and he received an edict granting four exemptions from death. He was soon promoted to meire ejen.

天聰元年，太宗自將伐明，攻錦州，以貝勒莽古爾泰等將偏師屯塔山，衛餉道；命蘇納選八旗蒙古精銳別屯塔山西路，截明兵。明兵二千人至，蘇納領纛進擊，敗之，乘勝逐敵，多所俘斬，獲馬百五十。三年春，命與武納格將兵伐察哈爾，以殺降見詰責。十月，復與武納格將兵逐蒙古亡去者。語並見武納格傳。五年，授擺牙喇纛章京，擢兵部承政。從伐明，圍大凌河城，敗城兵及錦州援兵，授備禦世職。八年，考滿，進三等甲喇章京，免徭役。九年，以隱匿壯丁，削世職。七月，定蒙古旗制，以蘇納領鑲白旗。

In Tiancong 1 Taizong led a Ming campaign in person and attacked Jinzhou. Beile Mangguertai and others were sent with a detached force to hold Tashan and guard the supply line; Suna was ordered to choose elite Mongol troops from the Eight Banners, post them separately on the western road at Tashan, and cut off Ming forces. When two thousand Ming troops arrived, Suna led the banner forward, routed them, pursued the fugitives, took many captives and heads, and seized a hundred fifty horses. In the spring of the third year he and Wu Nage were ordered to lead troops against Chahar and were rebuked for killing those who had surrendered. In the tenth month he again joined Wu Nage in pursuing Mongols who had fled. The full account appears in the biography of Wu Nage. In the fifth year he was made bayalara standard-bearer janggin and promoted to cheng zheng of the Ministry of War. On the Ming campaign he helped besiege Dalinghe, routed the garrison and Jinzhou relief, and was granted a hereditary Defender of the State rank. In the eighth year, when his term was complete, he was advanced to third-rank jalan janggin and exempted from corvée labor. In the ninth year he was stripped of his hereditary rank for concealing able-bodied men. In the seventh month, when the Mongol banner system was fixed, Suna was placed in command of the Bordered White Banner.

崇德元年，從武英郡王阿濟格伐明，薄明都，攻鵰鶚、長安、昌平諸城隘，五十六戰皆捷；復與薩穆什喀共攻容城，克之。師還，以先出邊，後隊為敵乘，潰敗，奪所俘獲。十二月，從伐朝鮮，朝鮮將以步騎兵千餘禦戰，蘇納及吳塔齊等邀擊，大破之，俘其將。二年，吏議蘇納坐朝鮮國王朝行在，亂班釋甲，又離大軍先還，論罰。三年，又坐有所徇隱，論罰，罷固山額真，仍領牛錄。順治五年，卒。世祖追錄蘇納舊勞，復原職。子蘇克薩哈，自有傳。

In Chongde 1 he followed Prince Ying Ajige against the Ming, pressed toward the capital, and stormed the passes at Diaoge, Chang'an, Changping, and elsewhere—fifty-six engagements, all won; He then joined Samushka in attacking Rongcheng and captured it. On the return march he had crossed the frontier ahead of the main body; the rear was struck by the enemy and broken, and his spoils were taken away. In the twelfth month he joined the Korean campaign. A Korean commander met them with more than a thousand foot and horse; Suna, Wutaqi, and others intercepted them, routed them, and took their general captive. In the second year the ministry found Suna guilty of disordering the ranks and laying aside armor during the Korean king's audience at the traveling palace, and of leaving the main army to return first; penalties were assessed. In the third year he was again punished for concealment, dismissed as gushan ejen, but continued to lead his niru. He died in Shunzhi 5. Shizu recalled Suna's earlier service and restored his former rank. His son Sukesaha has his own biography.

固三泰歸太祖，太祖妻以女，為額駙。領牛錄，隸滿洲鑲藍旗。從伐明，戰於廣寧，單騎入敵陣，身被數創，戰愈力，師乘之，遂敗敵，授副將世職。太宗即位，為八大臣，領本旗。天聰元年三月，從貝勒阿敏伐朝鮮有功，師還，上郊勞。三年，上自將伐明，攻遵化，固三泰率本旗兵攻其西南，克之。四年，上命固三泰與達爾漢等助攻昌黎。語詳達爾漢傳。復命與高鴻中、庫爾纏等下灤州，籍其倉庫銀穀以聞。五年，上幸文館，覽達海所譯武經，因諭群臣曰：「為將當卹士。朕聞額駙固三泰與敵戰，士有死者，以繩繫其足曳歸，蔑視若此，何以得其死力乎？」尋命解固山額真。九年，詔免徭役，並增賜人戶，俾專領牛錄。順治初，卒。

Gusantai submitted to Taizu, who gave him a daughter in marriage and made him an imperial son-in-law. He commanded a niru and was enrolled in the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner. On a Ming campaign at Guangning he rode alone into the enemy ranks, took several wounds, and fought all the harder; the army followed his lead and routed the foe, and he was granted a hereditary deputy general rank. When Taizong ascended the throne, Gusantai became one of the eight great ministers and commanded his banner. In the third month of Tiancong 1 he followed Beile Amin against Korea with distinction; on the army's return the sovereign received them with a suburban welcome. In the third year the sovereign led a Ming campaign in person against Zunhua; Gusantai led his banner troops against the southwest and captured it. In the fourth year the sovereign ordered Gusantai, Daihan, and others to join the assault on Changli. The details are given in the biography of Daihan. He was again ordered with Gao Hongzhong, Kurchen, and others to reduce Luanzhou and report the silver and grain in its storehouses. In the fifth year the sovereign visited the Literary Institute, read Dahai's translation of the military classics, and told the ministers: "A commander must care for his men. I have heard that when Imperial Son-in-law Gusantai fought the enemy and men fell, he tied ropes to their feet and dragged them back. With such contempt, how can he win their utmost loyalty?" He was soon ordered removed as gushan ejen. In the ninth year an edict exempted him from corvée, granted him additional households, and left him to command his niru alone. He died early in the Shunzhi reign.

子明阿圖。睿親王多爾袞帥師入關，明阿圖攝梅勒額真為殿。累官都察院理事官、鑲藍旗蒙古副都統，授三等阿達哈哈番。順治八年，卒。

His son Mingatu. When Prince Rui Dorgon led the army through the passes, Mingatu served as acting meire ejen for the rearguard. He rose to councilor of the Censorate and Mongol lieutenant-general of the Bordered Blue Banner, and was granted third-rank adaha hafan. He died in Shunzhi 8.

明阿圖子賽弼翰，初為簡親王濟度護衛。康熙四年，授護軍參領。從護軍統領瑚里布西御吳三桂將吳之茂，克陽平、朝陽諸關；趨保寧討王輔臣，克秦州。從平南將軍賴塔南討鄭錦，戰漳州，敗錦將劉國軒等。誅吳世璠，定雲南。累官鑲藍旗滿洲副都統，授拜他喇布勒哈番。二十九年，卒。

Mingatu's son Saibihan first served as a guardsman to Prince Jian Jidu. In Kangxi 4 he was appointed deputy commander of the guards. He followed Guard Commander Hulibu west against Wu Sangui's general Wu Zhimao and captured Yangping, Chaoyang, and other passes; then pressed on to Baoning against Wang Fuchen and took Qinzhou. He followed Pacifier of the South General Laita south against Zheng Jing, fought at Zhangzhou, and routed Jing's generals Liu Guoxuan and others. After Wu Shifan was executed, Yunnan was pacified. He rose to Manchu lieutenant-general of the Bordered Blue Banner and was granted baitalaburu hafan. He died in the twenty-ninth year.

瑚什布，與固三泰同隸鑲藍旗，領牛錄。尋任侍衛，兼甲喇額真。天聰二年，從伐通古索爾和部，身被七創，戰益力，斬敵將，授備禦世職。八年，從伐明，攻大同，與圖魯什等擊敗明總兵祖大弼；攻萬全左衛，擊敗明總兵曹文詔；復設伏邀擊，斬三十餘級，俘四人。九年，定蒙古旗制，瑚什布領鑲藍旗。崇德元年，從武英郡王阿濟格伐明，越明都，克定興。師還，部議出邊時不為殿，為敵所乘，士卒戰死者十人，罰白金六百，奪世職，罷固山額真，專領牛錄。三年，授理籓院副理事官。順治四年，复世職。遇恩詔，進二等阿達哈哈番。七年，卒。

Husibu, like Gusantai, was enrolled in the Bordered Blue Banner and commanded a niru. He soon became a bodyguard and also served as jalan ejen. In Tiancong 2 he campaigned against the Tonggusolho tribe, took seven wounds, fought harder still, slew an enemy general, and was granted a hereditary Defender rank. In the eighth year, on a Ming campaign against Datong, he and Tursi and others routed the Ming zongbing Zu Dabiu; attacked Wanquan Left Guard and defeated the Ming zongbing Cao Wenchao; then laid an ambush, took more than thirty heads, and captured four men. In the ninth year, when the Mongol banner system was fixed, Husibu was placed in command of the Bordered Blue Banner. In Chongde 1 he followed Prince Ying Ajige against the Ming, passed beyond the capital, and captured Dingxing. On the return march the ministry found that he had not served as rearguard when crossing the frontier, allowing the enemy to strike; ten soldiers were killed. He was fined six hundred taels of silver, stripped of his hereditary rank, removed as gushan ejen, and left to command his niru alone. In the third year he was appointed associate councilor of the Court of Colonial Affairs. In Shunzhi 4 his hereditary rank was restored. Under an amnesty edict he was advanced to second-rank adaha hafan. He died in the seventh year.

子穆徹納。順治間，官護軍參領。從豫親王多鐸徵蘇尼特部騰吉思，敗喀爾喀兵。從武英親王阿濟格討姜瓖，敗其將劉偉思等；攻寧武關，敗宜孟臣援兵；至左衛城，戰於吳家峪。從靖南將軍珠瑪喇定廣東，敗李定國於新會。累進三等阿達哈哈番。十三年，卒。

His son Muchena. During the Shunzhi reign he served as deputy commander of the guards. He followed Prince Yu Dodo against Tengjisi of the Sunite tribe and defeated Khalkha forces. He followed Prince Ying Ajige against Jiang Xiang and routed his generals Liu Weisi and others; attacked Ningwu Pass and defeated the relief force under Yimengchen; and at Zuowei city fought at Wujiayu. He followed Pacifier of the South General Zhumarala in pacifying Guangdong and defeated Li Dingguo at Xinhui. He was repeatedly advanced to third-rank adaha hafan. He died in the thirteenth year.

鄂莫克圖，納喇氏。自葉赫歸太祖，隸滿洲正藍旗。初為擺牙喇壯達。天聰元年正月，從伐朝鮮，克義州。五月，上自將伐明，攻寧遠。明總兵滿桂陣於城東，鄂克莫圖從諸將進戰，殪敵。三年，從貝勒岳託伐明，攻保安州，先登，克之，賜號「巴圖魯」，授備禦世職，任甲喇章京。八年，從伐黑龍江虎爾哈部，計俘，為諸甲喇章京冠。崇德二年，復從伐卦爾察部，計俘如伐虎爾哈部時。

E Moketu was of the Nara clan. Coming from Yehe, he submitted to Taizu and was placed in the Manchu Plain Blue Banner. He first served as a bayalara company captain. In the first month of Tiancong 1 he joined the Korean expedition and captured Uiju. In the fifth month the sovereign personally led an attack on Ming at Ningyuan. When Ming zongbing Man Gui drew up east of the city, Ekemotu advanced with the other generals and destroyed the enemy. In the third year he followed Prince Yueto against Ming, stormed Bao'an Prefecture, was first over the wall, and took it. He was granted the title Baturu, given a hereditary Defender of the State rank, and appointed colonel of a jalan. In the eighth year he campaigned against the Hurka tribes of the Amur, tallied captives, and stood first among all jalan colonels. In Chongde 2 he again campaigned against the Gūwalca tribes and counted captives as he had against the Hurka.

三年七月，授兵部理事官。九月，從睿親王多爾袞伐明，自青山口入邊，越明都，擊敗明太監馮永盛，克臨潼關，略地至濟南。四年七月，上遣使如明，命與努山等率兵護使者以行。五年，授噶布什賢噶喇昂邦。從伐明，圍錦州，擊敗明總兵祖大壽。六年，复圍錦州，擊敗明經略洪承疇。語見喀山傳。上軍松山、杏山間，明軍自松山潰遁，騎兵走杏山，步兵走塔山，鄂莫克圖先後邀擊，並有斬獲。七年，復從圍杏山，分兵略寧遠，掠牲畜。明總兵吳三桂以兵躡我師後，我師擊之，敗走，复益兵覘我師壘，鄂莫克圖與戰，窮追至連山，敵騎自沙河犯我師牧地，复奮擊破之。錦州既下，進二等參將。

In the seventh month of the third year he was appointed councilor of the Board of War. In the ninth month he followed Prince Rui Dorgon against Ming, entered by Qingshan Pass, passed beyond the capital, routed the Ming eunuch Feng Yongsheng, took Lintong Pass, and raided as far as Jinan. In the seventh month of the fourth year the sovereign sent envoys to Ming and ordered him, with Nushan and others, to escort them with troops. In the fifth year he was appointed commander of the brave guards regiment. On the Ming campaign he helped besiege Jinzhou and defeated the Ming zongbing Zu Dashou. In the sixth year they again invested Jinzhou and routed Ming Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou. The fuller account appears in the biography of Kasan. The sovereign's army lay between Songshan and Xingshan. When Ming forces broke from Songshan, cavalry fled toward Xingshan and infantry toward Tashan. E Moketu intercepted them in turn and took heads and prisoners on both routes. In the seventh year he again joined the siege of Xingshan, sent detachments to raid Ningyuan, and carried off livestock. Ming zongbing Wu Sangui pressed on our rear with troops; we struck and drove him off. He reinforced to scout our camps, and E Moketu fought him, pursuing hard to Lianshan. Enemy cavalry from Shahe then raided our pastures, and he again fought them off. After Jinzhou fell he was promoted to second-rank deputy commander.

順治元年，從入關，敗賊安肅，追之至慶都。尋率前鋒兵徇山西，敗賊絳州渡口。二年，從英親王阿濟格定陝西，敗賊延安。李自成走湖廣，追之至安陸，屢破賊壘，得戰艦三十，授一等甲喇章京。三年，從肅親王豪格下四川，敗賊漢中。逐張獻忠至西充，與護軍統領白爾赫圖等屢戰皆捷，加授半個前程。遇恩詔，進一等阿思哈尼哈番。十一年，授正藍旗滿洲副都統。十三年，致仕。康熙十二年，卒，年七十八。乾隆初，定封一等男。

In Shunzhi 1 he crossed into China with the army, routed the rebels at Ansu, and pursued them to Qingdu. Soon he led the vanguard through Shanxi and defeated the rebels at the Jiangzhou crossing. In the second year he followed Prince Ying Ajige in pacifying Shaanxi and defeated the rebels at Yan'an. Li Zicheng fled into Huguang; they pursued him to Anlu, repeatedly stormed his camps, and seized thirty war junks. He was appointed first-rank jalan colonel. In the third year he followed Prince Su Haoge into Sichuan and defeated the rebels at Hanzhong. Pursuing Zhang Xianzhong to Xichong, he fought repeatedly with Chief Guard Bairehetu and others and won every battle. He was granted half a regular stipend in addition. Under an amnesty edict he was advanced to first-rank ashan-i hafan. In the eleventh year he was appointed Manchu lieutenant-general of the Plain Blue Banner. In the thirteenth year he retired from office. He died in Kangxi 12, aged seventy-eight. Early in the Qianlong reign his hereditary title was fixed as first-class baron.

喀山，納喇氏，世居蘇完。當葉赫未滅，挈家歸太祖，隸滿洲鑲藍旗，授牛錄額真。屢從伐明，下遼、瀋有功，予游擊世職。天命九年，明總兵毛文龍以兵百人劫額駙康果禮莊，喀山率所部御之，斬二裨將，殲其眾。天聰六年，從伐察哈爾，與勞薩、吳拜率精銳前驅。林丹汗遁走。八年，進三等梅勒章京。目失明，辭牛錄。順治初，進二等昂邦章京。尋改二等精奇尼哈番。十二年，卒，諡敏壯。

Kasan, of the Nara clan, had lived at Suwan for generations. Before Yehe was destroyed he brought his household to Taizu, was placed in the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner, and appointed niru captain. He repeatedly campaigned against Ming, helped take Liaodong and Shenyang, and was granted a hereditary patrol-commander rank. In Tianming 9 the Ming zongbing Mao Wenlong raided the estate of Princess Consort Kangguo with a hundred men. Kasan led his command against them, slew two sub-generals, and wiped out the raiders. In Tiancong 6 he campaigned against Chahar and, with Lao'a and Wubai, led picked troops in the van. Lind Khan fled in defeat. In the eighth year he was promoted to third-rank meiren colonel. When his sight failed he resigned his niru command. Early in Shunzhi he was promoted to second-rank amban colonel. Soon the title was changed to second-rank jingqini hafan. He died in the twelfth year and was given the posthumous name Minzhuang.

子納海。初以喀山病目，命代領牛錄。旋授噶布什賢甲喇額真。從伐明，與席特庫等以步兵四千擊敗明陽和騎兵，斬級二百，獲馬六十餘；復設伏宣府，捕明邏騎。天聰九年，復從伐明，攻大同，命與布丹等駐上都城故址，诇軍事。尋命與鄂莫克圖等齎書諭明邊守將，歷喜峰口、潘家口、董家口諸隘，及還，斬邏卒百餘。

His son Nahai. Because Kasan's eyes had failed, he was first ordered to command the niru in his father's place. He was soon appointed colonel of the brave guards. On Ming campaigns he and Siteku and others led four thousand foot soldiers against Ming Yanghe cavalry, took two hundred heads, and seized more than sixty horses; then laid an ambush at Xuanfu and captured Ming border patrols. In Tiancong 9 he again campaigned against Ming and attacked Datong. He was ordered with Budan and others to garrison the ruins of Shangdu and scout enemy movements. He was soon ordered with E Moketu and others to carry dispatches to Ming border commanders, passing Xifengkou, Panjiakou, Dongjiakou, and other passes. On the return march they slew more than a hundred border troops.

崇德二年，命與席特庫齎書諭明錦州守將祖大壽，自廣寧入邊，獲邏卒十二，斬其九，縱二人使齎諭以往，俘一人以還。四年，從武英郡王阿濟格伐明錦州，還報捷。復從上攻松山，明兵出戰，擊卻之。祖大壽遣兵自寧遠乘舟趨杏山，將入城；納海與瑚密色、索渾將兵擊其後，斬級五十，獲甲四十、舟一。又與瑚密色、席特庫等行略地，俘採薪者二十二人，牛、羊、騾馬無算。五年，從伐明，圍錦州，敵築台城外，納海與色赫、布丹、蘇爾德將騎兵馳擊，斬四十人，复逐斬刈草者四十二人，敵來犯，屢擊卻之。與色赫等略小凌河，斬祖大壽所遣蒙古十七人。

In Chongde 2 he and Siteku were ordered to carry letters to Zu Dashou, the Ming commander at Jinzhou. Entering from Guangning they seized twelve border troops, executed nine, released two to deliver the message, and brought one prisoner back. In the fourth year he followed Prince Ying Ajige against Jinzhou and returned with news of victory. He again joined the assault on Songshan, drove back Ming troops who came out to fight, and put them to flight. Zu Dashou sent men from Ningyuan by boat toward Xingshan, about to enter the city; Nahai, with Homise, Suohun, and others, struck them from the rear, took fifty heads, and seized forty suits of armor and one boat. Again, with Homise, Siteku, and others, he raided the countryside, took twenty-two wood-gatherers prisoner, and seized countless cattle, sheep, mules, and horses. In the fifth year, on the Ming campaign, they besieged Jinzhou while the enemy built towers outside the walls. Nahai, with Sehe, Budan, and Surde, led a cavalry charge and slew forty men, then ran down forty-two foragers. Whenever the enemy attacked, they repeatedly drove them back. With Sehe and others he raided the Xiaoling River and slew seventeen Mongols sent by Zu Dashou.

六年，明總督洪承疇集各道兵赴援，次松山，與吳拜擊敗其騎兵。上自將攻松山，敵自杏山走塔山，與鄂莫克圖帥師邀擊，追至筆架山，斬級四百，俘二十八，得纛六，獲馬二百餘。七年，錦州下。敘功，予半個前程，命攝噶布什賢噶喇昂邦。從貝勒阿巴泰伐明，自黃崖口入長城，趨薊州，敗明總兵白騰蛟、白廣恩，遂略山東。明年，師還。以右翼諸將不俟左翼軍至，先出邊，功不敘。順治初，遇恩詔，進三等阿達哈哈番。及喀山卒，兼襲二等精奇尼哈番，例進二等伯。雍正中，從孫奇山，降襲一等阿思哈尼哈番。乾隆元年，定封一等男。

In the sixth year Ming Governor-General Hong Chengchou gathered troops from every circuit to relieve the siege and encamped at Songshan. With Wubai he routed the cavalry. When the sovereign personally assaulted Songshan, the enemy fled from Xingshan toward Tashan. With E Moketu he intercepted them, pursued to Bijiashan, took four hundred heads, captured twenty-eight men, seized six banners, and took more than two hundred horses. In the seventh year Jinzhou surrendered. For his services he received half a regular stipend and was ordered to act as commander of the brave guards regiment. He followed Prince Abatai against Ming, entered the Great Wall at Huangyakou, marched on Jizhou, defeated the Ming zongbing Bai Tengjiao and Bai Guang'en, and then raided Shandong. The following year the army returned. Because the right-wing generals had crossed the frontier before the left wing arrived, their merit went unrecorded. Early in Shunzhi, under an amnesty edict, he was advanced to third-rank adaha hafan. When Kasan died he also inherited the second-rank jingqini hafan and, by statute, was raised to second-rank baron. In the Yongzheng era his collateral descendant Qishan had the inherited rank reduced to first-rank ashan-i hafan. In Qianlong 1 the hereditary title was fixed as first-class baron.

安達立，納喇氏。自葉赫歸太祖，隸滿洲正紅旗。太祖遣兵徇鐵嶺，刈其禾，有蒙古人降於明，出拒，安達立擊之走。事太宗，從貝勒薩哈璘駐牛莊。師攻永平，葉臣率二十四人冒矢石先登，安達立其一也。師還，從圖魯什偵敵建昌，夜戰，甲士有中矢墜馬者，援之出，擢噶布什賢章京。從伐明，攻崞縣，率所部先登；復以四十人伏忻口，敗敵，得纛三、馬五十餘。出邊，圖爾格擊敵潰竄，安達立邀擊，迫敵入壕，所殺傷過當。天聰九年，授牛錄章京世職，擢正紅旗蒙古梅勒額真。

Andali was of the Nara clan. Coming from Yehe, he submitted to Taizu and was placed in the Manchu Plain Red Banner. Taizu sent troops to secure Tieling and harvest its grain. Some Mongols who had gone over to the Ming came out to resist, and Andali attacked and drove them off. Under Taizong he followed Prince Sahalian to garrison Niuzhuang. When the army attacked Yongping, Yechen led twenty-four men who braved arrows and stones to scale the wall first; Andali was among them. On the return march he followed Tursi to scout the enemy at Jianchang. In a night battle an armored soldier was struck by an arrow and fell from his horse; he pulled him out and was promoted to colonel of the brave guards. On the Ming campaign he attacked Guo County and led his command over the wall first; then with forty men ambushed at Xin Pass, routed the enemy, and seized three banners and more than fifty horses. On the frontier, when Turgut struck the fleeing enemy, Andali intercepted them and drove them into ditches, killing and wounding far more than his own losses. In Tiancong 9 he was granted the hereditary rank of niru colonel and promoted to Mongol meiren commander of the Plain Red Banner.

崇德三年，從貝勒岳託伐明，將至牆子嶺，聞明軍備甚固，安達立與固山額真恩格圖率所部趨嶺右，陟高峰間道入邊，擊敗明軍。越燕京，略山東。明年，師自青山口出邊，复擊敗明軍。五年，圍錦州，屢戰皆捷。六年，复圍錦州，洪承疇援師至，與戰，破三營，至暮，敵潰，翌日復戰，又擊卻之。敘功，加半個前程。尋卒。

In Chongde 3 he followed Prince Yueto against Ming. Near Qiangziling they learned that Ming defenses were very strong. Andali and gushan ejen Enggū led their commands to the right of the pass, climbed a hidden path between the peaks into the frontier, and routed the Ming army. They passed beyond Yanjing and raided Shandong. The following year the army withdrew through Qingshan Pass and again defeated Ming forces. In the fifth year they besieged Jinzhou and won every battle. In the sixth year they again invested Jinzhou. When Hong Chengchou's relief army arrived they gave battle, broke three camps, and by evening the enemy collapsed. The next day they fought again and once more drove them back. For his services he received half a regular stipend. He soon died.

子阿積賴，襲職。順治初，從入關，逐李自成，戰於慶都。又從葉臣徇山西，署正紅旗蒙古梅勒額真。又從英親王阿濟格攻延安，逐自成至武昌，竄入九宮山，率師搜剿，殲其徒甚眾。四年，兼任刑部理事官。五年，署巴牙喇纛章京。從鄭親王濟爾哈朗徵湖南，分兵徇道州，攻永安關。敘功，進一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。卒。

His son Ajilai inherited the office. Early in Shunzhi he crossed into China with the army, pursued Li Zicheng, and fought at Qingdu. He again followed Yechen through Shanxi and served as acting Mongol meiren commander of the Plain Red Banner. He again followed Prince Ying Ajige against Yan'an and pursued Zicheng to Wuchang. When Zicheng fled into Jiugong Mountain he led troops to hunt him down and killed a great many of his followers. In the fourth year he also served as councilor of the Board of Punishments. In the fifth year he served as acting bayalara banner colonel. He followed Prince Zheng Jirhalang on the Hunan campaign, sent detachments through Daozhou, and attacked Yong'an Pass. For his services he was promoted to first-rank adaha hafan with the added title of tosara hafan. He died.

綽拜，巴林氏。自葉赫歸太祖，隸蒙古鑲白旗，為牛錄額真。天聰八年，授世職牛錄章京。九年，與吳巴海伐瓦爾喀部，深入額赫庫倫、額埒岳索諸地，進三等甲喇章京。崇德三年，兼任戶部理事官。從睿親王多爾袞伐明，徇山東，至濟南，敵騎千餘拒戰，何洛會先眾奮擊，遂克其城。七年，從肅親王豪格圍明總督洪承疇於松山，承疇遣兵夜越壕攻鑲黃旗營，擊卻之。八年，進二等。順治初，從入關，破流賊，進一等。四年，加拖沙喇哈番。五年，授參領。從征南大將軍譚泰討叛將金聲桓，克饒州、南昌，師還，賚白金千、馬四十。七年，遷倉場侍郎。八年，授鑲白旗蒙古梅勒額真，兼工部侍郎。擢本旗固山額真，進一等阿思哈尼哈番。九年十二月，卒。

Chuobai was of the Baarin clan. Coming from Yehe, he submitted to Taizu, was placed in the Mongol Bordered White Banner, and appointed niru captain. In Tiancong 8 he was granted the hereditary rank of niru colonel. In the ninth year he campaigned with Wu Bahai against the Warka tribes, penetrating deep into Ehekulun, Eleyuesuo, and other regions, and was promoted to third-rank jalan colonel. In the third year of Chongde he also served as councilor of the Board of Revenue. He followed Prince Rui Dorgon on the campaign against the Ming, swept through Shandong, and reached Jinan. When more than a thousand enemy horsemen resisted, Heluohei led the van in a fierce assault and the city was taken. In the seventh year he followed Prince Su Hauge in besieging Ming Grand Coordinator Hong Chengchou at Songshan. Chengchou sent troops by night to cross the moat and strike the Bordered Yellow Banner camp, and they drove them back. In the eighth year he was promoted to the second rank. Early in Shunzhi he crossed the pass with the army, routed the rebel bands, and was promoted to the first rank. In the fourth year he received the added rank of tosara hafan. In the fifth year he was appointed regimental adjutant (canling). He followed Grand General Tan Tai of the southern expedition against the rebel Jin Shenghuan, captured Raozhou and Nanchang, and on the army's return was rewarded with a thousand taels of silver and forty horses. In the seventh year he was made Vice President of the Granary Bureau. In the eighth year he was appointed Mongol meiren commander of the Bordered White Banner and also served as Vice President of the Board of Works. He was promoted to banner commander of his own banner and advanced to first-rank ashan i hafan. He died in the twelfth month of the ninth year.

布丹，富察氏。自葉赫歸太祖，隸滿洲正紅旗，授牛錄額真。尋遷甲喇額真，領擺牙喇兵。天聰八年，從伐明，克萬全左衛城，先登，授半個前程。九年，從貝勒多鐸伐明，攻錦州，師還，明兵驟至，固山額真石廷柱所部有陷陣不能出者，布丹破陣援之出。旋命與納海等诇軍事。崇德元年，從武英郡王阿濟格伐明，破鵰鶚、長安二隘，皆先登，與蘇納同功。轉戰至涿州，師還，明兵出居庸關，設伏邀我軍輜重，擊破之。四年，與沙爾瑚達等將土默特兵二百，略寧遠北境，以數騎挑戰，敵堅壁不出，乃俘其樵者以歸。五年，圍錦州，殺敵。語見納海傳。六年，與明兵戰松山、杏山，屢勝。錦州下，進牛錄章京世職。七年冬，復與

Budan was of the Fuca clan. Coming from Yehe, he submitted to Taizu, was placed in the Manchu Plain Red Banner, and appointed niru captain. He was soon made jalan commander and led bayalara troops. In Tiancong 8 he campaigned against the Ming, captured Wanquan Left Guard city, was first over the wall, and received half a regular stipend. In the ninth year he followed Prince Dodo against the Ming and attacked Jinzhou. On the return march Ming troops suddenly appeared. Some of Banner Commander Shi Tingzhu's men were trapped in the enemy line and could not break out; Budan smashed the formation and brought them out. He was soon ordered, together with Nahai and others, to scout enemy dispositions. In the first year of Chongde he followed Prince Wuying Ajige against the Ming, stormed the Diaoe and Chang'an passes, was first over the wall in both assaults, and shared credit with Suna. The campaign carried on to Zhuozhou. On the return march Ming troops came out through Juyong Pass and set an ambush to cut off our baggage train; they were defeated. In the fourth year he joined Sharhuda and others in leading two hundred Tümed troops on a raid into the country north of Ningyuan. He provoked the enemy with a few horsemen, but they held their walls and refused battle, so he seized their woodcutters and withdrew. In the fifth year they besieged Jinzhou and killed many of the enemy. The details appear in the biography of Nahai. In the sixth year he fought the Ming at Songshan and Xingshan and won battle after battle. After Jinzhou fell he was promoted to the hereditary rank of niru colonel. In the winter of the seventh year he again joined

納海等從貝勒阿巴泰伐明。順治初，從入關，破流賊。敘功，並遇恩詔，進一等阿達哈哈番。九年，擢正紅旗蒙古副都統。十一年，卒，諡毅勤。

Nahai and others in following Prince Abatai on the campaign against the Ming. Early in Shunzhi he crossed the pass with the army and routed the rebel bands. For his services, and with the benefit of a grace edict as well, he was promoted to first-rank adaha hafan. In the ninth year he was made Mongol vice lieutenant-general of the Plain Red Banner. He died in the eleventh year and was given the posthumous title Yiqin.

孫達哩，魯布哩氏。太祖取葉赫，以其民分屬八旗，孫達哩隸正黃旗。選充驍騎，遇戰必先，中創不為卻，屢得優賚。崇德三年，從睿親王多爾袞伐明，入自青山口，越明都，轉戰至山東，攻濟南，先登第一，賜號「巴圖魯」，授二等參將，領牛錄額真。順治間，累進二等阿思哈尼哈番，遷擺牙喇纛章京。從穆里瑪、圖海討李自成餘黨李來亨、袁宗第等，破茅麓山，有功。十二年，加太子少傅。十四年四月，卒，諡果壯。

Sundali was of the Luburi clan. When Taizu conquered Yehe he assigned its people among the Eight Banners; Sundali was placed in the Plain Yellow Banner. Selected as a brave horseman, he always led the charge; even when wounded he would not fall back, and he was repeatedly rewarded with special gifts. In the third year of Chongde he followed Prince Rui Dorgon against the Ming, entered through Qingshankou, marched past the Ming capital, and fought on into Shandong. At Jinan he was first over the wall, was granted the title Baturu, made second-rank colonel, and appointed niru captain. During the Shunzhi reign he rose step by step to second-rank ashan i hafan and was made colonel of the bayalara banner. He followed Muli Ma and Tuhai against the survivors of Li Zicheng's cause—Li Laiheng, Yuan Zongdi, and others—stormed Maolu Mountain, and distinguished himself. In the twelfth year he was made Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He died in the fourth month of the fourteenth year and was given the posthumous title Guozhuang.

吉思哈，烏蘇氏，世居瓦爾喀馮佳屯。初屬烏喇，見其貝勒不足事，與弟吉普喀達歸太祖，並授牛錄額真，隸滿洲正白旗。旋改隸鑲白旗。天命四年，從伐明有功，授游擊世職。六年，以甲喇額真帥師圍遼陽，樹雲梯先登。天聰八年，太宗追錄其功，進二等參將。是年，與甲喇額真吳巴海伐東海虎爾喀部，俘一千五百有奇，及牲畜輜重。九年，與梅勒額真巴奇蘭等伐黑龍江，收二千人以還，進一等參將。崇德元年，太宗自將伐朝鮮，聞明兵入鹼場，遣吉思哈率兵躡其後，擊敗之。二年，師既克朝鮮都城，上命旗出甲士十，並簡科爾沁、敖漢、柰曼、扎魯特、烏拉特諸部兵，俾吉思哈及理籓院承政尼堪為將，自朝鮮伐瓦爾喀，因擊破朝鮮軍，斬平壤巡撫，進略瓦爾喀，奏捷稱旨。語詳尼堪傳。累遷至吏部參政。三年四月，卒。子吉瞻，襲。

Jisiha was of the Wusu clan and his family had long lived at Warka Fengjia tun. He had first been subject to Ula, but finding its prince unworthy of service he came to Taizu with his younger brother Jipukada. Both were appointed niru captains and placed in the Manchu Plain White Banner. He was soon transferred to the Bordered White Banner. In Tianming 4 he served on the campaign against the Ming with distinction and was granted the hereditary rank of guerrilla colonel. In the sixth year, as jalan commander, he led troops to besiege Liaoyang, raised scaling ladders, and was first over the wall. In Tiancong 8 Taizong reviewed his earlier service and promoted him to second-rank colonel. That same year he campaigned with Jalan Commander Wu Bahai against the Eastern Sea Hurka tribes, capturing more than fifteen hundred people along with livestock and supplies. In the ninth year he joined Meiren Commander Baqilan and others on an Amur campaign, brought back two thousand people, and was promoted to first-rank colonel. In the first year of Chongde Taizong personally led an invasion of Korea. When he learned that Ming troops had entered Jianchang, he sent Jisiha with a force to trail them and defeated them. In the second year, after the army had taken the Korean capital, the sovereign ordered each banner to supply ten armored men and also drafted troops from the Khorchin, Aohan, Naiman, Jarud, and Urad tribes. Jisiha and Nikhan, chief minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs, were appointed generals to strike Warka from Korea. En route they routed Korean forces, killed the Pacification Commissioner of Pyongyang, pressed into Warka, reported victory, and won the sovereign's approval. The full account appears in the biography of Nikhan. He rose through successive posts until he became chief minister of the Board of Civil Appointments. He died in the fourth month of the third year. His son Jizhan inherited the office.

吉普喀達，吉思哈弟也。天命四年，授游擊。六年，任甲喇額真。從伐明，攻奉集堡，明總兵李秉誠赴援，師與戰，明兵走入城，師從之，至壕，城上發巨砲，吉普喀達中砲卒。天聰八年，贈二等參將。子瓜爾察，襲。

Jipukada was the younger brother of Jisiha. In Tianming 4 he was appointed guerrilla colonel. In the sixth year he served as jalan commander. On the campaign against the Ming he attacked Fengji Fort. Ming zongbing Li Bingcheng marched to relieve it, and in the fighting the Ming troops fled into the city. Our army pursued them to the moat; great guns fired from the wall, and Jipukada was killed by a cannon shot. In Tiancong 8 he was posthumously made second-rank colonel. His son Guaercha inherited the office.

吳巴海，瓜爾佳氏，自烏喇歸太祖。太祖討尼堪外蘭，吳巴海實從。隸滿洲鑲藍旗，授牛錄額真。天聰元年四月，從貝勒阿敏伐朝鮮，攻義州，與梅勒額真阿山、穆克譚等先登，克之。五月，從太宗伐明，攻錦州，敵來犯，我師少卻，吳巴海為殿，督戰敗敵。五年，與梅勒額真蒙阿圖伐瓦爾喀，略額黑庫倫、額勒約索二部，收降人數千，上郊勞，賜宴，賜號「巴圖魯」。六年，從伐察哈爾，林丹汗西遁，上命吳巴海逐逋逃，斬察哈爾兵五，獲其馬及牲畜。旋率師伐烏扎喇，部署所將兵四道並進，會敵方漁於握黑河，吳巴海揮騎直前，斬三百餘人，得其輜重。七年，與牛錄額真郎格如朝鮮互市，得瓦爾喀部長族屬十五人以歸。八年，與吉思哈伐東海虎爾哈部。語詳吉思哈傳。十二月，復與牛錄額真景固爾岱將四百人伐瓦爾喀，降屯長分得里，收阿庫里尼滿部眾千餘。師還，上命大臣迎勞，以所獲賚之。

Wu Bahai was of the Guwalgiya clan and came from Ula to submit to Taizu. When Taizu attacked Nikhan Wailan, Wu Bahai was in fact among those who followed him. He was placed in the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner and appointed niru captain. In the fourth month of Tiancong 1 he followed Prince Amin against Korea and attacked Uiju. With Meiren Commanders Ashan, Mukedan, and others he was first over the wall and captured the city. In the fifth month he followed Taizong against the Ming and attacked Jinzhou. When the enemy counterattacked and our army fell back a little, Wu Bahai commanded the rearguard, pressed the fight, and drove them off. In the fifth year he campaigned with Meiren Commander Meng'atu against Warka, overran the Ehe Kulun and Ele Yuesuo tribes, and accepted the surrender of several thousand people. The sovereign welcomed him with suburban rites, gave a feast, and bestowed the title Baturu. In the sixth year he joined the campaign against the Chakhar. When Lin Dan Khan fled west the sovereign ordered Wu Bahai to pursue fugitives; he killed five Chakhar soldiers and captured their horses and livestock. He soon led a force against the Uzhala, divided his troops into four columns, and advanced together. Finding the enemy fishing on the Wohei River, Wu Bahai charged straight in with his cavalry, killed more than three hundred men, and took their baggage. In the seventh year he went to Korea for border trade with Niru Captain Langge and brought back fifteen kinsmen of a Warka chieftain. In the eighth year he campaigned with Jisiha against the Eastern Sea Hurka tribes. The full account appears in the biography of Jisiha. In the twelfth month he again joined Niru Captain Jinggu'erdai in leading four hundred men against Warka, accepted the surrender of tun chief Fendeli, and brought in more than a thousand people of the Akuriniman tribe. When the army returned, the sovereign ordered ministers to welcome him with honors and rewarded him with the spoils.

九年，從貝勒岳託率師鎮歸化城。土默特人訐部長博碩克圖，謂其子陰遣使與明通，岳託遣吳巴海及甲喇額真阿爾津等四人要諸途，毛罕私以告，喀爾喀人潛遁，吳巴海追獲之，並得明使。毛罕者，博碩克圖子乳母之夫也，初從土默特來降，既而有叛志，號博碩克圖子為汗，自號貝勒。吳巴海既執喀爾喀使人，遂殺毛罕。十年，授梅勒額真，世職一等甲喇章京。

In the ninth year he followed Prince Yueto in leading a garrison force at Guihua city. A Tümed man accused tribal chief Boshuotu of secretly sending envoys to the Ming. Yueto dispatched Wu Bahai, Jalan Commander Arjin, and three others to block the roads. Mao Han tipped them off in private; the Khalkha envoys slipped away, but Wu Bahai pursued and captured them along with the Ming envoys. Mao Han was the husband of the wet nurse of Boshuotu's son. He had first defected from the Tümed, but later turned rebellious, proclaimed Boshuotu's son khan, and styled himself beile. Once Wu Bahai had seized the Khalkha envoys, he killed Mao Han. In the tenth year he was appointed meiren commander with the hereditary rank of first-class jalan colonel.

崇德元年六月，進三等梅勒章京，移鎮寧古塔。十二月，喀木尼漢部葉雷等叛，將其孥俱亡，吳巴海部兵逐之。行數十日無所見，見宿雁三，射之，一雁負矢飛且墮，往取之，見遺火，知逃者自此過。躡其跡，及之於溫多，獲其孥。葉雷入山，追及圍之，諭使降，不可，射之。葉雷將注矢，有狐起於前，觸葉雷弓，弓墜，遂射殺葉雷及其從者。師還，太宗命諸固山額真迎勞。二年，敘功，進三等昂邦章京，賜衣服、僕、馬、莊田。三年，與梅勒額真吳善帥師戍歸化城。旋坐匿罪人、徇廝養卒盜米，罷梅勒額真，論罰，四年卒，分世職為一等甲喇章京者一，為牛錄章京者二，授其子弟。

In the sixth month of the first year of Chongde he was promoted to third-rank meiren colonel and transferred to garrison Ningguta. In the twelfth month Yelei and others of the Kamnihan tribe rebelled and fled with their entire families; Wu Bahai sent troops in pursuit. They marched for many days without finding anyone. Then they saw three resting wild geese and shot at them; one flew off with an arrow in it, then fell. When they went to retrieve it they found embers and knew the fugitives had passed that way. They followed the trail, caught up with them at Wenduo, and seized their families. Yelei fled into the mountains. They pursued him, surrounded him, and urged him to surrender, but he refused, so they shot him. As Yelei was fitting an arrow to his bow, a fox sprang up in front of him, struck his bow so that it fell, and they shot and killed Yelei and his followers. When the army returned, Taizong ordered all the banner commanders to welcome them with honors. In the second year, for his services, he was promoted to third-rank angbang colonel and given clothing, servants, horses, and estate lands. In the third year he joined Meiren Commander Wushan in garrisoning Guihua city. He was soon found guilty of concealing criminals and covering for camp servants who stole grain. He was removed as meiren commander and punished. He died in the fourth year. His hereditary offices were split into one first-class jalan colonel and two niru colonels, which were granted to his sons and younger brothers.

康喀勒，納喇氏，輝發貝勒王機砮之孫也。太祖時，偕從兄通貴率族屬來歸，隸滿洲鑲紅旗，授牛錄額真。天聰六年，從伐察哈爾部。八年正月，上以察哈爾林丹汗西遁，其部眾流散錫爾哈、錫伯圖，命康喀勒與岱青塔布囊等率蒙古及諸部駐牧兵往取以歸。五月，授世職牛錄章京。崇德三年，兼刑部副理事官。五年，擢鑲紅旗蒙古梅勒額真。六年，從伐明，圍錦州，並攻松山城。七年，松山、錦州皆下，复克塔山城。尋追論攻松山避敵、克塔山與固山額真葉臣爭功，罪當死，太宗特貰之。

Kang Kalei was of the Nara clan and a grandson of Huifa Prince Wangjitu. During the Taizu era he came over with his cousin Tonggui at the head of their clansmen, was placed in the Manchu Bordered Red Banner, and appointed niru captain. In Tiancong 6 he joined the campaign against the Chakhar. In the first month of the eighth year, because Chakhar ruler Lin Dan Khan had fled west and his people were scattered at Xierha and Xibetu, the sovereign ordered Kang Kalei, Daiqing tabunang, and others to lead Mongol troops and garrison forces from various tribes to bring them in. In the fifth month he was granted the hereditary rank of niru colonel. In the third year of Chongde he also served as associate councilor of the Board of Punishments. In the fifth year he was made Mongol meiren commander of the Bordered Red Banner. In the sixth year he joined the campaign against the Ming, besieged Jinzhou, and also assaulted Songshan city. In the seventh year Songshan and Jinzhou both fell, and he also captured Tashan city. He was soon called to account for having shirked the enemy at Songshan and quarreling over credit for Tashan with Banner Commander Yechen. The offense carried the death penalty, but Taizong specially spared him.

順治初，從入關，擊李自成，加半個前程。尋從豫親王多鐸下江南，與固山額真準塔自徐州水陸並進，次清河。明總兵劉澤清遣部將馬花豹、張思義等率戰艦千餘、兵數万，屯黃淮口。康喀勒與游擊范炳、吉天相等發砲毀其舟，分兵追擊，澤清走，淮安下。復與梅勒額真譚布擊明總漕田仰，仰方屯湖口橋，以三千人迎戰，擊破之；又戰於三里橋，逐至海岸，獲舟八十；又戰於如皋，攻通州，以雲梯克其城，旁近諸縣皆下。二年十一月，授鎮守江寧梅勒額真。時江北未定，群相聚為亂，江寧有諜為內應者，康喀勒與駐防總管巴山先期捕治，殺三十人而定。已而明潞安王硃誼石集眾二萬餘，分三道來攻，康喀勒等擊卻之。三年，以功進三等甲喇章京，世襲。四年，改三等阿達哈哈番。旋卒。子洛多，襲職。

Early in Shunzhi he crossed the pass with the army, fought Li Zicheng, and received half a regular stipend. He soon followed Prince Yu Dodo into the south, and with Banner Commander Zhunta advanced by land and water from Xuzhou, encamping at Qinghe. Ming zongbing Liu Zeqing sent his generals Ma Huabao, Zhang Siyi, and others with more than a thousand warships and tens of thousands of troops to encamp at the mouth of the Huang and Huai rivers. Kang Kalei, with guerrilla officers Fan Bing, Ji Tianxiang, and others, shelled and smashed their fleet, then split his force in pursuit. Zeqing fled and Huai'an was taken. He again joined meiren commander Tan Bu against Ming Grand Canal Supervisor Tian Yang. Yang was encamped at Hukou Bridge with three thousand men to give battle; they routed him. They fought again at Sanli Bridge, drove the enemy to the coast, and seized eighty boats. They fought again at Rugao, assaulted Tongzhou, stormed the walls with siege ladders, and the neighboring counties all fell. In the eleventh month of the second year he was made meiren commander charged with defending Jiangning. The north bank was still unsettled and bands were rising everywhere. Spies inside Jiangning were ready to open the gates; Kang Kalei and garrison commander Ba Shan struck first, executed thirty men, and the city was secured. Soon afterward the Ming Prince of Lu'an, Zhu Yishi, mustered more than twenty thousand men and advanced in three columns; Kang Kalei and his officers beat them off. In the third year, for his services, he was advanced to third-rank colonel with a hereditary grant. In the fourth year his rank was converted to third-rank adaha hafan. He died soon after. His son Luoduo inherited the office.

和托，康喀勒從兄之子也。順治元年，以噶布什賢甲喇章京從入關，破李自成潼關，移兵下江寧。復從貝勒博洛徇浙江，破明總兵方國安等於杭州。复略福建，所向克捷。攻汀州，先登，克其城。論功，並遇恩詔，授拜他喇布勒哈番兼拖沙喇哈番，世襲。十一年，從征雲南，擊敗明將白文選，進取永昌，奪瀾滄江鐵索橋。康熙九年，卒。

Hetuo was Kang Kalei's cousin's son. In Shunzhi 1, holding the rank of brave-guards colonel, he crossed the pass with the army, routed Li Zicheng at Tong Pass, and marched on to take Jiangning. He again followed Prince Boluo into Zhejiang and defeated Ming zongbing Fang Guo'an and others at Hangzhou. He raided Fujian again and met success wherever he turned. At Tingzhou he was first over the wall and the city fell. When honors were reckoned, he also benefited from an amnesty edict and received baitalabule hafan with the added tosara hafan, both hereditary. In the eleventh year he joined the Yunnan expedition, defeated the Ming general Bai Wenxuan, took Yongchang, and captured the iron-chain bridge on the Lancang. He died in Kangxi 9.

瑪拉，和托弟也。順治十二年，以三等侍衛署甲喇額真。從固山額真伊勒德攻舟山，從擺牙喇纛章京穆成額破鄭成功兵於泉州；十六年，從安南將軍達素擊成功廈門：皆有功。康熙二十二年，卒。

Mala was Hetuo's younger brother. In Shunzhi 12 he held the rank of third-class bodyguard and acted as jalan commander. He followed Banner Commander Yilede against Zhoushan and followed standard-bearer colonel Mucheng'e in defeating Zheng Chenggong's forces at Quanzhou. In the sixteenth year he followed Annan General Dasu against Chenggong at Xiamen, earning merit in both actions. He died in Kangxi 22.

通嘉，康喀勒兄孫。初襲其父莽佳三等阿達哈哈番。順治十八年，以護軍參領從靖東將軍濟什喀討山東賊於七。於七據棲霞、岠褭山為亂，其黨呂思曲、俞三等以數千人拒戰，通嘉擊敗之，賊遂以平。康熙六年，改前鋒參領。十四年，從信郡王鄂托討察哈爾布爾尼，師至達祿，布爾尼為伏山谷間，通嘉督所部盡擊殺之，布爾尼以三十騎遁。以功加拖沙喇哈番。旋坐事削。十八年，以護軍統領從討吳三桂，破譚弘於雲陽。二十三年，遷本旗蒙古都統。二十四年，卒。

Tongjia was the grandson of Kang Kalei's elder brother. He first inherited his father Mangjia's third-rank adaha hafan. In Shunzhi 18, as a guard company leader, he followed Pacifying-East General Jishika against the Shandong rebel Yu Qi. Yu Qi had seized the Qixia and Juniao ranges; his lieutenants Lü Siqu, Yu San, and others met him with several thousand men. Tongjia routed them and the rebellion was put down. In Kangxi 6 he was made a vanguard company leader. In the fourteenth year he followed Prince Xin Ertuo against the Chakhar leader Burni. At Dalu, Burni hid troops in the valleys; Tongjia led his men in cutting them down to the last man, and Burni escaped with only thirty riders. For his service he received the added rank of tosara hafan. He was soon stripped of rank for an offense. In the eighteenth year, commanding the guard corps, he joined the campaign against Wu Sangui and defeated Tan Hong at Yunyang. In the twenty-third year he was appointed Mongol lieutenant-general of his banner. He died in the twenty-fourth year.

薩璧翰，亦納喇氏。父三檀，自輝發率屬歸太祖，授牛錄額真，隸滿洲正藍旗。卒，薩璧翰與其兄薩珠瑚並授牛錄額真。太宗即位，以薩璧翰列十六大臣，佐正藍旗。天聰五年，擢戶部承政。八月，上自將伐明，圍大凌河，城兵出禦，薩璧翰與戰，舍馬而步，逐敵薄壕。城上發砲矢，甲士巴遜沒於陣，薩璧翰力戰，入敵陣，取其屍還。八年五月，上自將伐察哈爾，貝勒濟爾哈朗居守，薩璧翰與梅勒額真蒙阿圖副之。考滿，授世職甲喇章京。崇德二年，從伐朝鮮，取皮島。師還，薩璧翰與其兄薩珠瑚發貝子碩託以廝役冒甲士請卹，坐論罰，薩璧翰初隸碩託，至是命改隸饒餘貝勒阿巴泰。旋以薩璧翰從子侍衛吳達禮從伐朝鮮，私役甲士，坐奪世職。三年，改吏部右參政。四年，授議政大臣。六年八月，從伐明，攻錦州，明援兵自松山至，誘戰，薩璧翰被創，卒於軍。

Sabihan was also of the Nara clan. His father Santan came over from Huifa at the head of his clansmen, was made niru captain, and was registered in the Manchu Plain Blue Banner. After his death Sabihan and his elder brother Sazhuhu were both appointed niru captains. When Taizong succeeded, Sabihan was named one of the sixteen great ministers to assist the Plain Blue Banner. In Tiancong 5 he was promoted to minister of the Board of Revenue. In the eighth month the sovereign led the Ming campaign in person and besieged Dalinhe. When the garrison sallied forth, Sabihan fought on foot after leaving his horse and pressed the enemy to the edge of the ditch. From the walls cannon and arrows rained down; armored soldier Bason was killed in the fight. Sabihan battled on, broke into the enemy line, and carried his body back. In the fifth month of the eighth year the sovereign marched against the Chakhar in person. Prince Jirhalang stayed behind as regent, with Sabihan and meiren commander Monggatu as his deputies. At the triennial review he received the hereditary rank of jalan colonel. In Chongde 2 he joined the Korean campaign and captured Pidao. On the army's return Sabihan and Sazhuhu denounced Prince Suoto for passing off servants as armored men to claim death benefits; the case brought fines. Sabihan had served under Suoto; he was now reassigned to Surplus Prince Abatai. Soon afterward Sabihan's nephew, guard Wudali, on the Korean campaign used armored soldiers for private service; Sabihan was stripped of his hereditary rank on conviction. In the third year he was made right vice councilor of the Board of Civil Appointments. In the fourth year he was appointed a deliberative minister. In the eighth month of the sixth year he joined the Ming campaign against Jinzhou. Ming relief from Songshan came up and offered battle; Sabihan was wounded and died in camp.

子漢楚哈、哈爾沁，皆授牛錄額真。哈爾沁從討吳三桂，從討噶爾丹，皆有功，授拖沙喇哈番。漢楚哈子哈爾弼，授一等護衛，從擊鄭成功，戰廈門，歿於陣，亦授拖沙喇哈番。

His sons Hanchuha and Ha'erqin were both appointed niru captains. Ha'erqin campaigned against Wu Sangui and against Galdan, earning merit in both, and was granted tosara hafan. Hanchuha's son Ha'erbi was made a first-class guard. In action against Zheng Chenggong he fought at Xiamen and fell in battle; he too received tosara hafan.

論曰：太祖初起，扈倫四部與為敵，四部之豪俊，先後來歸。武理堪等自哈達，武納格、阿什達爾漢、鄂莫克圖等自葉赫，吉思哈等自烏喇，康喀勒等自輝發，皆能效奔走，立名氏。武納格其先出自蒙古，遂為「白奇超哈」統帥，勳績尤著。四部有才而不能用，太祖股肱爪牙取於敵有餘。國之興亡，雖曰天命，豈非人事哉？

Commentary: When Taizu first rose, the four Hūlun tribes stood against him; their ablest men came over to him in time. Wu Likan from Hada; Wu Nage, Ashi Daerhan, and E Moketu from Yehe; Jisiha from Ula; Kang Kalei from Huifa—they all served with zeal and won renown. Wu Nage's line sprang from the Mongols; he became commander of the "Baiqi chao ha," and his feats stood out above the rest. The four tribes had talent they could not keep; Taizu found more than enough right hands among his foes. The rise and fall of states may be called Heaven's mandate—yet is it not also the work of men?

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