Volume 235 Biographies 22: Tu Lai, Zhun Ta, Yi Erde, Nu Shan, A Ji Ge Ni Kan, Tong Tu Lai

=圖賴=圖賴，費英東第七子也。初隸鑲黃旗，後與兄納蓋、弟蘇完顏改屬正黃旗。天聰元年，太宗伐明，略寧遠，二年，伐察哈爾，圖賴皆從。三年，复伐明，薄明都，明大同總兵滿桂入援，屯德勝門，圖賴與戰，所殺傷甚眾。師還，授世職備禦。四年，從貝勒阿敏守永平，明兵救灤州，阿敏遣巴都禮赴援，圖賴及梅勒額真阿山皆在行。及阿敏棄永平出邊，明將率步卒百人追擊，圖賴以十六人殿，還戰，盡殲之，進世職游擊。

Tu Lai was the seventh son of Fei Yingdong. He was first enrolled in the Bordered Yellow Banner, but later he and his elder brother Nagai and younger brother Suwangyan were reassigned to the Plain Yellow Banner. In Tiancong 1, when Taizong campaigned against Ming and raided Ningyuan, and again in Tiancong 2 against the Chahar, Tu Lai accompanied him both times. In the third year, on another Ming campaign that brought the army up to the capital, the Ming Datong commander Man Gui marched to its relief and took position at Desheng Gate. Tu Lai joined the battle and inflicted heavy casualties. After the army returned, he received the hereditary rank of Defender. In the fourth year he served under Prince Amin at Yongping. When Ming forces moved to relieve Luanzhou, Amin dispatched Baduli to their aid, with Tu Lai and Meire Ejen Ashan in the detachment. When Amin abandoned Yongping and withdrew beyond the frontier, a Ming officer pursued with a hundred infantry. Tu Lai held the rear with sixteen men, wheeled about to fight, and wiped them out completely, earning promotion to hereditary Guerrilla Colonel.

五年，上伐明，圍大凌河城，命巴牙喇纛章京楊善、鞏阿岱等駐軍壕外，待敵度壕即與戰，而令圖賴與南褚、哈克薩哈當兩旗間，衛樵採；城兵出挑戰，圖賴銳入陣，達爾哈以所部繼，貝勒多爾袞亦督兵進，我師薄壕，舍騎步戰，敵阻壕與城上兵爭發砲矢。師退，副將穆克譚、屯布祿，備禦多貝、戈里等皆戰死，圖賴亦被創。上怒曰：「圖賴輕進，諸軍從之入，朕弟亦衝鋒而進，有不測，將磔爾等食之！敵如狐處穴，更將焉往？朕兵天所授，皇考所遺，欲善用之，勿使勞苦。穆克譚我舊臣，死非其地，豈不可惜？」因誡諸臣毋視圖賴創，揚古利、鞏阿岱偕往存問，上复切責之。明監軍道張春等以四萬人來援，次長山，上率諸貝勒御之，圖賴當右翼，躍馬突陣，敵潰走，遂覆其師。

In the fifth year the emperor campaigned against Ming and laid siege to Dalinhe. He stationed Baturu Banner Commanders Yang Shan, Gong Adai, and others outside the moat to fight any enemy that crossed it, while Tu Lai, Nanchu, and Haksaha were placed between the two banners to protect the foraging parties. When the garrison came out to offer battle, Tu Lai plunged headlong into the enemy line. Darha brought up his troops behind him, and Prince Dorgon advanced as well. Our forces reached the moat, left their horses, and fought on foot, while the defenders held the ditch and the wall and poured down shot and arrows. The army fell back. Deputy Generals Mukedan and Tunbulu and Defenders Duobei, Geli, and others were killed in action, and Tu Lai was wounded as well. The emperor said angrily, "Tu Lai rushed ahead rashly, and the whole army followed him in. My own brother charged forward too. If anything had gone wrong, I would have torn you apart and eaten you! The enemy are like foxes in their burrow — where else can they flee? The troops I command were granted by Heaven and left by my late father. I mean to use them wisely and not exhaust them with needless hardship. Mukedan was a veteran of mine. That he should die in such a place — is that not a grievous waste?" He then told the ministers not to make light of Tu Lai's wound and sent Yangguli and Gong Adai together to visit him, though he also rebuked Tu Lai again in stern terms. Ming Circuit Intendant Zhang Chun and others marched to relieve the siege with forty thousand men and encamped at Changshan. The emperor led the princes out to meet them. Tu Lai commanded the right wing, spurred his horse into the enemy ranks, routed them, and annihilated their force.

七年，從攻旅順口。八年，從伐明，徇大同，攻朔州，拔靈丘，進世職二等。旋追論攻朔州時越界出略，又不赴期會地，奪俘獲入官。九年，授巴牙喇纛章京，從貝勒多鐸等伐明。多鐸既入廣寧，令圖賴與固山額真阿山等以四百人為前鋒向錦州，擊殺明將劉應選，破其軍。師還，以功得優賚。崇德二年，授議政大臣。三年，上命睿親王多爾袞、貝勒岳託率師分道伐明。圖賴從岳託為前驅，踰牆子嶺入邊，克十一台，遂南略山東。明將以八千人拒戰，蒙古阿藍泰旁卻，圖賴方督所部馳擊，敵百騎突至，圖賴搏戰陷堅，敵敗去。明大學士劉宇亮綴我師而北至通州，圖賴與固山額真譚泰擊破之，拔四城，進三等梅勒章京。六年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗等伐明，圍錦州。明總兵祖大壽為明守，蒙古吳巴什、諾木齊等謀內應，事泄，大壽以兵攻吳巴什等，圖賴入其郛，力戰，援諾木齊出。先後破杏山、松山援兵，遂督烏真超哈拔塔山、杏山二城，進一等梅勒章京。師還，追論攻錦州時巴牙喇兵有怯退者，圖賴當罰鍰，上命寬之。八年，從伐明，拔中後所、前屯衛，進三等昂邦章京。

In the seventh year he took part in the assault on Lüshunkou. In the eighth year he joined the Ming campaign, swept through Datong, attacked Shuozhou, and took Lingqiu, advancing to second-class hereditary rank. Shortly afterward a post-campaign review found that during the Shuozhou attack he had raided beyond his assigned bounds and missed the rendezvous; his captives were seized for the public account. In the ninth year he was made Baturu Banner Commander and joined Prince Dodo and others on a Ming campaign. Once Dodo had entered Guangning, he sent Tu Lai and Gushan Ejen Ashan with four hundred men as vanguard toward Jinzhou, where they killed the Ming general Liu Yingxuan and shattered his force. On the army's return he received an exceptional reward for his service. In Chongde 2 he was appointed Deliberative Minister. In the third year the emperor ordered Prince Regent Dorgon and Prince Yueto to lead separate columns against Ming. Tu Lai served under Yueto as vanguard, crossed the Ziwuling Pass into Ming territory, took eleven beacon towers, and then drove south through Shandong. A Ming commander met him with eight thousand troops while the Mongol Arantai hung back on the flank. As Tu Lai was leading a charge, a hundred enemy horsemen burst in on him. He fought through the press at close quarters until the enemy broke and withdrew. The Ming Grand Secretary Liu Yuliang trailed our army north to Tongzhou. Tu Lai and Gushan Ejen Tan Tai routed him, took four cities, and Tu Lai was promoted to third-rank Meire Commander. In the sixth year he joined Prince Jirhalang and others on a Ming campaign and helped besiege Jinzhou. The Ming commander Zu Dashou held Jinzhou for Ming. The Mongols Ubashi and Nomuchi plotted to open the gates from within, but the plot leaked and Dashou attacked them. Tu Lai fought his way into their outer camp, battled fiercely, and brought Nomuchi out safely. He defeated the relief armies from Xingshan and Songshan in turn, then directed the gunners in taking Tashan and Xingshan and was promoted to first-rank Meire Commander. After the army returned, a review of the Jinzhou campaign found that some Baturu troops had fallen back in fear. Tu Lai was due a fine, but the emperor ordered it waived. In the eighth year he joined the Ming campaign, took Zhonghousuo and Qiantunwei, and was promoted to third-rank Angbang Commander.

順治元年，從睿親王多爾袞帥師伐明，明將吳三桂迎師。四月戊寅，師距山海關十里，李自成遣其將唐通率數百騎出關，是夕遇於一片石，圖賴督巴牙喇兵與戰，通敗走。己卯，入關，從大軍擊破自成。自成還京師西遁，圖賴復從諸軍追擊，敗之於慶都。二年，敘功，超授三等公。時圖賴方從定國大將軍豫親王多鐸西討自成，豫親王師自懷慶而南，圖賴至孟津，率精兵渡河，明守將黃士欣等皆走，降瀕河寨堡十五。

In Shunzhi 1 he marched with Prince Regent Dorgon against Ming, where the Ming general Wu Sangui received their army. On wuyin day in the fourth month the army camped ten li from Shanhaiguan. Li Zicheng sent his general Tang Tong out of the pass with several hundred cavalry. That night they clashed at Yipianshi. Tu Lai led the Baturu troops into the fight and drove Tang Tong off in defeat. On jimao day they crossed the pass and joined the main army in defeating Li Zicheng. Li Zicheng withdrew to the capital and fled west. Tu Lai joined the pursuit again and routed him at Qingdu. In the second year his service was recognized with an exceptional promotion to third-rank duke. Tu Lai was then serving under Pacification General Prince Dodo in the western campaign against Li Zicheng. While Dodo marched south from Huaiqing, Tu Lai reached Mengjin, crossed the river with elite troops, and put the Ming defenders Huang Shixin and others to flight; fifteen riverside forts submitted.

明總兵許定國等以所部來附，進薄潼關。自成將劉宗閔據山為陣拒我師。噶布什賢章京努山、鄂碩等率兵向敵，敵迎戰，圖賴率百四十騎直前掩殺，一以當百，俘馘過半。是歲正月，自成將劉方亮以千餘人出關覘我師，圖賴與阿濟格尼堪等令正黃、正紅、鑲白、鑲紅、鑲藍等五旗各牛錄出巴牙喇兵，率以擊敵，大敗之。自成聞敗，親率馬步兵拒戰，又徵鑲黃、正藍、正白三旗兵相助，賊連夕攻我壘，皆敗走，遂破潼關。

The Ming commander Xu Dingguo and others defected with their forces, and the army advanced to Tongguan. Li Zicheng's general Liu Zongmin drew up on the hills to block our advance. Gabsihiyan Commanders Nushan, Eshuo, and others advanced on the enemy, who came out to fight. Tu Lai charged forward with one hundred forty horsemen, each fighting as if he were a hundred, and took more than half the foe prisoner or dead. In the first month of that year Li Zicheng's general Liu Fangliang came through the pass with over a thousand men to scout our forces. Tu Lai and Aji Ge Nikan ordered each company of the Plain Yellow, Plain Red, Bordered White, Bordered Red, and Bordered Blue banners to commit Baturu troops, led them into battle, and routed the enemy. When Li Zicheng heard of the defeat he came in person with cavalry and infantry to resist, and called in reinforcements from the Bordered Yellow, Plain Blue, and Plain White banners. The rebels assaulted our camps night after night but were beaten back each time, and Tongguan fell.

陝西既定，豫親王移師下江南。四月，至揚州，令圖賴與拜音圖、阿山等攻之，克其城，執明大學士史可法殺之。進攻明南京，復令圖賴與拜音圖、阿山率舟師列江西岸助攻。南京既下，從貝勒尼堪等逐明福王至蕪湖。福王登舟，將渡江，圖賴扼江斷渡，明將田雄、馬得功以福王降。師還，圖賴上書攝政睿親王，略言：「圖賴昔年事太宗，王之所知也。今圖賴事上，亦猶昔事太宗時。不避諸王貝勒嫌怨，見有異心，不為容默；大臣以下、牛錄章京以上，亦不為隱惡。圖賴誓於天，必盡忠事上。圖賴有過失，王若不言，恐不免於罪戾。王幸毋姑息，不我教誡也！」

After Shaanxi was secured, Prince Dodo turned his army south toward Jiangnan. In the fourth month the army reached Yangzhou. Dodo ordered Tu Lai, Baiyintu, Ashan, and others to assault the city, took it, seized the Ming Grand Secretary Shi Kefa, and executed him. When the army moved on the Ming Southern Capital, he again assigned Tu Lai, Baiyintu, and Ashan to line the fleet along the west bank of the river and support the attack. After Nanjing fell, he joined Prince Nikan and others in chasing the Ming Prince of Fu to Wuhu. The Prince of Fu went aboard a boat to cross the Yangtze. Tu Lai sealed the river and blocked the crossing, after which the Ming generals Tian Xiong and Ma Degong handed the prince over. On the army's return Tu Lai wrote to Regent Prince Dorgon, saying in substance: "Your Highness knows how I served Taizong in earlier years. In serving the throne now I am the same man I was when I served Taizong. I do not shrink from princes' displeasure; when I see disloyalty I will not hold my tongue; nor do I cover wrongdoing in anyone from grand ministers down to company commanders. I swear before Heaven to serve the throne with my whole loyalty. If I err and Your Highness says nothing, I fear I shall still be punished. I beg Your Highness not to spare me correction!"

初，圖賴在軍，固山額真譚泰方從英親王阿濟格西征，遣使告圖賴曰：「我軍道迂險，故後至。請留南京畀我軍取之。」圖賴以其語告豫親王，別作書遣塞爾特報索尼，將使索尼啟攝政王。塞爾特以書示牛錄希思翰，希思翰慮書達，譚泰且得罪，令沉諸河。圖賴至京師，系塞爾特索前書，塞爾特詭言已達索尼。事聞於攝政王。三年正月，下諸大臣審勘，將罪索尼。攝政王親鞫塞爾特，始自承沉書狀。攝政王坐午門議譚泰罪，三日猶未決。圖賴詰王，語甚厲，攝政王怒曰：「爾亦過妄矣！曩逐流賊至慶都，議分道進兵。因諸將爭先，爾誚讓肅、豫、英諸親王，不顧而唾。今又以語凌我。似此怒色疾聲，將逞威於誰乎？予與諸王非先帝子弟乎！」語畢，遂還邸。諸王因執圖賴將罪之，王復返曰：「圖賴雖聲色過厲，然非退有後言者。且為我矢勤效忠，無他咎也。」命解其縛。獄既定，侍衛阿里馬私誚圖賴庇索尼，圖賴以告攝政王，王令捕阿里馬及其二弟索泥岱、鎖寧。阿里馬故驍勇，與索泥岱拔刀力拒。皆殺之，而釋鎖寧。尋授本旗固山額真。

Earlier, while Tu Lai was still with the army, Gushan Ejen Tan Tai was on Prince Ajige's western campaign and sent word to Tu Lai: "Our column took a roundabout and difficult route, so we arrived late. Please leave Nanjing for us to capture." Tu Lai reported this to Prince Dodo and also wrote a separate letter, sending Serter to inform Sony so that Sony could bring the matter to the regent. Serter showed the letter to Company Commander Sihan, who feared that if it reached Sony, Tan Tai would be punished, and had it thrown into the river. When Tu Lai reached the capital he seized Serter and demanded the letter back. Serter falsely claimed it had already been delivered to Sony. The matter reached the regent. In the first month of the third year the grand ministers were ordered to investigate, and Sony was to be held guilty. The regent questioned Serter in person, and he finally admitted that he had sunk the letter. The regent held court at the Meridian Gate to judge Tan Tai's case, yet after three days still could not reach a verdict. Tu Lai pressed the regent in harsh terms. The regent said angrily, "You go too far yourself! When we once pursued the rebels to Qingdu and debated splitting the army to advance by separate routes, because the commanders vied to go first you rebuked the Su, Yu, and Ying princes and even spat in contempt. Now you speak to me in the same overbearing way. With that angry face and sharp voice, on whom do you mean to throw your weight? Are the princes and I not the late emperor's own sons and brothers!" With that he withdrew to his residence. The princes then seized Tu Lai to punish him, but the regent came back and said, "Tu Lai was harsh in manner, but he is not the sort to speak ill of others behind their backs. He has sworn to serve me faithfully, and has no other fault." He ordered him untied. After the trial was concluded, the guardsman Alima privately mocked Tu Lai for protecting Sony. Tu Lai reported this to the regent, who ordered the arrest of Alima and his younger brothers Sonidai and Suoning. Alima was a seasoned fighter; he and Sonidai drew their swords and resisted violently. Both were killed, but Suoning was released. He was soon appointed Gushan Ejen of his banner.

二月，以貝勒博洛為征南大將軍，圖賴副之，帥師徇浙江、福建。五月，論破流賊及定河南、江南功，進圖賴一等公。是月，師至杭州，明魯王駐紹興，其將方國安等屯錢塘江東岸，綿亙二百里，艤舟拒我軍。我軍舟未具，會潮落沙漲，圖賴率諸將士策馬自上流迳渡，江廣十餘裡，人馬無溺者。國安望見，驚，棄戰艦走還紹興，將劫魯王以降，魯王走台州，圖賴師從之，獲其將武景科等。進克金華，殺明督師大學士硃大典。七月，復進克衢州，殺明蜀王盛濃及明將吳凱、項鳴斯等。浙江平。八月，博洛令諸軍分道入福建，圖賴自衢州出仙霞關，擊破明大學士黃鳴駿等。師度嶺，克浦城，分遣署巴牙喇纛章京杜爾德、噶布什賢章京拜尹岱等攻克建寧、延平諸府。明唐王自延平走汀州，復遣巴牙喇纛章京阿濟格尼堪、杜爾德等帥師追擊，克其城，執唐王及其宗室諸王送福州。明將薑正希以二萬人夜襲汀州，已登陴，我軍出禦，擊殺過半；別軍自廣信出分水關，克崇安。共撫定興化、漳州、泉州諸府。福建平。師還，至金華，圖賴卒於軍。子輝塞，襲爵。貝子屯齊等訐鄭親王濟爾哈朗，因及圖賴嘗謀立肅親王豪格，及上即位，复附和鄭親王，輝塞坐奪爵。八年，上親政，念圖賴舊功，命配享太廟，諡昭勳，立碑紀績，輝塞复襲爵。雍正九年三月，定封一等雄勇公。

In the second month Prince Bolo was appointed Pacification General of the South with Tu Lai as deputy to lead the conquest of Zhejiang and Fujian. In the fifth month his service in defeating the rebels and securing Henan and Jiangnan was recognized with promotion to first-rank duke. That month the army reached Hangzhou. The Ming Prince of Lu held Shaoxing while his generals Fang Guo'an and others lined the east bank of the Qiantang for two hundred li with boats drawn up to block our advance. Our boats were not yet ready, but as the tide fell and the sandbars rose Tu Lai led officers and men on horseback straight across from upstream. The river was more than ten li wide, yet not a man or horse was lost. Guo'an saw them and panicked, abandoned his warships, and fled to Shaoxing, planning to seize the Prince of Lu and surrender. The prince fled to Taizhou. Tu Lai pursued and captured his generals Wu Jingke and others. They advanced and took Jinhua, killing the Ming supervising minister and Grand Secretary Zhu Dadian. In the seventh month they took Quzhou as well, killing the Ming Prince of Shu Sheng Nong and the generals Wu Kai, Xiang Mingsi, and others. Zhejiang was pacified. In the eighth month Bolo sent the armies into Fujian by separate routes. Tu Lai marched from Quzhou through Xianxia Pass and defeated the Ming Grand Secretary Huang Mingjun and others. The army crossed the pass, took Pucheng, and detached Acting Baturu Banner Commander Durde, Gabsihiyan Commander Baiyindai, and others to seize Jianning, Yanping, and the other prefectures. The Ming Prince of Tang fled from Yanping to Tingzhou. Baturu Banner Commander Aji Ge Nikan, Durde, and others were sent in pursuit, took the city, seized the Prince of Tang and the imperial clan princes, and sent them to Fuzhou. The Ming general Jiang Zhengxi raided Tingzhou at night with twenty thousand men and had already gained the walls when our troops sallied forth and killed more than half his force; another column marched from Guangxin through Fenshui Pass and took Chong'an. Together they pacified Xinghua, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, and the other prefectures. Fujian was pacified. On the return march, at Jinhua, Tu Lai died in camp. His son Huise inherited the title. Prince Tunqi and others denounced Prince Jirhalang and, in doing so, implicated Tu Lai in an earlier plot to make Prince Su Hooge emperor. After the emperor assumed personal rule, Huise was found to have sided again with Prince Jirhalang and lost his title. In the eighth year, when the emperor assumed personal rule, he honored Tu Lai's long service by ordering his spirit tablet placed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, granting the posthumous title Zhaoxun, erecting a stele to his deeds, and restoring Huise to the title. In the third month of Yongzheng 9 the line was fixed as first-rank Valiant Duke.

=準塔=準塔，滿洲正白旗人，扈爾漢第四子也。天聰間，授世職牛錄章京，官甲喇額真。嘗與鰲拜共率師略明錦州，復與勞薩共率師迎護察哈爾來降諸宰桑。崇德二年四月，從武英郡王阿濟格攻明皮島，敵守堅。阿濟格集諸將問策，準塔與鰲拜對曰：「我二人誓必克之！不克，不復見王。」遂先眾連舟渡海，舉火招諸軍，敵倚堡為陣以拒，與鰲拜犯矢石力戰，卒取其島。論功，進世職三等梅勒章京，襲十二次，賜號「巴圖魯」，敕增紀其績。

Zhun Ta was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner and the fourth son of Hurhan. During the Tiancong reign he received the hereditary rank of Company Commander and held the post of Jalan Ejen. He once joined Oboi in raiding Ming Jinzhou, and later with Laosa in escorting the Chahar zaisang who came over to the Qing side. In the fourth month of Chongde 2 he followed Prince Ajige of Wuying against Ming Pi Island, where the defenders held firm. Ajige called the generals together for counsel. Zhun Ta and Oboi answered, "We two swear we shall take it! If we fail, we shall not face Your Highness again." They then went ahead of the army, lashed boats together to cross the sea, and lit signal fires to bring up the main force. The enemy drew up behind their fort to resist. Zhun Ta and Oboi fought through shot and stone and at last took the island. For his service he was promoted to third-rank hereditary Meire Commander for twelve inheritances, granted the title Baturu, and ordered that his deeds be entered in the annals.

三年八月，授蒙古固山額真。九月，從揚武大將軍貝勒岳託等伐明，攻密雲牆子嶺，準塔先據嶺，導諸軍毀邊牆以入，擊敗明太監馮永盛、總兵侯世祿等；又與武賴敗三屯營援兵，復進戰於董家口，破敵，行略地，克城二。師還，進世職二等梅勒章京。六年二月，從睿親王多爾袞攻錦州，以阿王指，遣士卒歸，又離城遠駐，議罪，當奪官籍沒，上命罰鍰以贖。八月，上自將攻錦州，九月，還盛京，命準塔從貝勒杜度等為長圍困之。七年三月，錦州既下，上命貝勒阿巴泰率師留戍。旋令準塔與固山額真葉臣等番代。

In the eighth month of the third year he was made Mongol Gushan Ejen. In the ninth month he joined Grand Martial General Prince Yueto against Ming at Miyun's Ziwuling Pass. Zhun Ta seized the heights first, led the army through a breach in the border wall, and routed the Ming eunuch Feng Yongsheng, Commander Hou Shilu, and others; then with Wulai defeated the Santunying relief force, fought again at Dongjiakou, routed the enemy, swept the countryside, and took two cities. On the army's return he was promoted to second-rank hereditary Meire Commander. In the second month of the sixth year he joined Prince Regent Dorgon at Jinzhou. Accused by a prince of sending troops home and camping too far from the city, he was due to lose his office and property, but the emperor ordered a fine instead. In the eighth month the emperor led the Jinzhou campaign in person. In the ninth month he returned to Mukden and ordered Zhun Ta to join Prince Dudu and others in the long siege. In the third month of the seventh year, after Jinzhou fell, the emperor left Prince Abatai to garrison the city. Zhun Ta was soon ordered to relieve Gushan Ejen Yechen and others in rotation.

先是圍錦州時，城兵出犯鑲黃旗汛地，巴牙喇兵退入壕內，王貝勒等袒不舉，準塔坐阿附，議罪當罰鍰，上命貸之。十月，從阿巴泰、圖爾格帥師伐明，略山東，與葉克書等分兵攻孟家台，不克，士卒有死者，準塔又妄稱嘗陷陣。師還，議罪，奪巴圖魯號，降世職一等甲喇章京，仍罰鍰。十二月，復命鎮錦州。

Earlier, during the Jinzhou siege, garrison troops raided the Bordered Yellow Banner sector and the Baturu troops fell back into the moat. Princes and beiles went through the ritual of reporting fault but did not actually do so. Zhun Ta was charged with currying favor and was due a fine, but the emperor waived it. In the tenth month he joined Abatai and Turgut on a Ming campaign through Shandong. He and Yekeshu split forces to attack Mengjiatai but failed, with casualties, and Zhun Ta falsely claimed he had fought in the front ranks. On the army's return he was judged guilty: his Baturu title was stripped, his rank reduced to first-rank hereditary Jalan Commander, and he was fined again. In the twelfth month he was again assigned to garrison Jinzhou.

順治元年，從睿親王多爾袞入關擊李自成，遂至慶都，大破之；又與譚泰等率噶布什賢兵逐至真定，又破之。自成焚輜重，倉皇西走，於是京師以北、居庸關內外諸城堡，及畿南諸州縣悉定。論功，復三等梅勒章京。

In Shunzhi 1 he crossed the pass with Prince Regent Dorgon against Li Zicheng, reached Qingdu, and routed him; then with Tan Tai and others pursued with Gabsihiyan troops to Zhending and defeated him again. Li Zicheng burned his baggage and fled west in disarray. The forts north of the capital and on both sides of Juyong Pass, and the counties south of the capital, were all secured. For his service he was restored to third-rank Meire Commander.

二年正月，以饒餘郡王阿巴泰為帥，準塔將左翼，譚布將右翼，帥師徇山東。二月，聞明福王遣兵渡河，阿巴泰令準塔等迎戰。明兵方攻沛縣李家樓，馬步二千餘屯徐州，距城十五里，準塔師破其壘，斬其將六，明兵赴河死者無算，遂克徐州。五月，復自徐州南下，明總兵劉澤清遣其將高祐以舟師攻宿遷，擊破之，進次清河縣。黃河自西來，至縣境，淮水及清河皆入焉。澤清遣其將馬化豹、張思義等將兵四萬、舟千餘，據三水交匯處，連營十里。準塔遣梅勒章京康喀賴，游擊范炳、吉天相等率兵渡清河，結營相拒，發砲擊敵舟；復遣都司楚進功將步兵六百人屯黃河北岸，鳴砲相應；又分其兵為二：一出清河上游，一隔水，擊破明馬步軍；兵復合，逐入淮安界，斬其將三。師次清江浦，澤清引去，明將吏栢永馥、範鳴珂出降，遂克淮安。

In the first month of the second year Prince Raoyu Abatai was appointed commander, with Zhun Ta on the left wing and Tanbu on the right, to campaign through Shandong. In the second month, learning that the Ming Prince of Fu had sent troops across the river, Abatai ordered Zhun Ta and others to intercept them. Ming forces were attacking Lijialou in Peixian while over two thousand cavalry and infantry camped at Xuzhou fifteen li from the city. Zhun Ta stormed their camp, killed six officers, and drove countless men into the river; Xuzhou fell. In the fifth month he marched south again from Xuzhou. Ming Commander Liu Zeqing sent Gao You with a fleet against Suqian; Zhun Ta defeated him and advanced to Qinghe County. The Yellow River reaches the county from the west, where the Huai and Qing rivers join it. Zeqing sent Ma Huabao, Zhang Siyi, and others with forty thousand troops and over a thousand boats to hold the triple confluence, their camps stretching ten li. Zhun Ta sent Meire Commander Kangkalai, Guerrilla Colonels Fan Bing and Ji Tianxiang, and others across the Qing River to camp opposite the enemy and shell their boats; he posted Brigade Commander Chu Jingong with six hundred infantry on the north bank of the Yellow River to fire in support; and split his force: one column up the Qing River, one across the water, routing the Ming cavalry and infantry; the columns reunited, pursued into Huai'an, and killed three Ming generals. The army reached Qingjiangpu. Zeqing withdrew, and Ming officers Bai Yongfu and Fan Mingke surrendered; Huai'an fell.

明新昌王入海據云台山，糾眾陷興化，準塔遣將擊斬之，通州、如皋、泰興諸城皆下；鳳陽、廬州亦降。凡降明將吏二百十三，得舟五百餘、馬九百餘、橐駝二十五、砲一百二十。捷聞，進準塔三等昂邦章京，复巴圖魯號，命以固山額真鎮守廬、鳳、淮陽諸處。準塔帥師巡行諸州縣，安撫居民，設置官吏。江、淮間悉定。澤清尋亦以所部降。

The Ming Prince of Xinchang took to the sea, held Yuntai Mountain, rallied forces, and seized Xinghua. Zhun Ta sent officers who killed him, and Tongzhou, Rugao, Taixing, and other cities submitted; Fengyang and Luzhou surrendered as well. Two hundred thirteen Ming officers and officials surrendered in all; the army took more than five hundred boats, nine hundred horses, twenty-five camels, and one hundred twenty cannon. On news of victory Zhun Ta was promoted to third-rank Angbang Commander, his Baturu title restored, and he was made Gushan Ejen to garrison Luzhou, Fengyang, Huaiyang, and the surrounding region. Zhun Ta toured the prefectures and counties, reassured the people, and appointed officials. The Yangtze–Huai region was fully secured. Zeqing soon surrendered with his troops as well.

三年正月，從肅親王豪格帥師徇陝西。時叛將賀珍據漢中，武大定、石國璽等分屯徽、階諸州，遙與相應。豪格師自西安向漢中，珍走西鄉。七月，令準塔與貝子滿達海等攻大定、國璽等，大定、國璽等以其眾七百人降。十一月，豪格擊張獻忠於西充，準塔指揮諸軍合戰，俘馘甚眾。四年八月，復與貝勒尼堪、貝子滿達海等分兵下遵義、夔州、茂州、榮昌、富順、內江、資陽諸郡縣。四川平，師還。尋卒。論功，進世職一等精奇尼哈番。十二年，追諡襄毅，立碑紀績。

In the first month of the third year he joined Prince Su Hooge on the Shaanxi campaign. The rebel He Zhen held Hanzhong while Wu Dading, Shi Guoxi, and others garrisoned Huizhou, Jiezhou, and other prefectures in mutual support. Hooge marched from Xi'an toward Hanzhong, and He Zhen fled to Xixiang. In the seventh month he ordered Zhun Ta and Prince Mandahai to attack Wu Dading and Shi Guoxi, who surrendered with seven hundred men. In the eleventh month Hooge fought Zhang Xianzhong at Xichong. Zhun Ta directed the combined armies and took a great many prisoners and heads. In the eighth month of the fourth year he and Prince Nikan, Prince Mandahai, and others took Zunyi, Kuizhou, Maozhou, Rongchang, Fushun, Neijiang, Ziyang, and the other prefectures and counties. Sichuan was pacified and the army returned. He died soon afterward. For his service he was posthumously promoted to first-rank hereditary Jingqi Niha. In the twelfth year he received the posthumous title Xiangyi and a stele was raised to his deeds.

準塔無子，弟阿拉密襲。遇恩詔，進三等伯。康熙中，準塔兄子舒書降襲一等精奇尼哈番。乾隆初，定封一等子。

Zhun Ta had no son; his younger brother Alam inherited the title. On an amnesty edict the line was raised to third-rank baron. In the Kangxi reign Zhun Ta's grand-nephew Shushu inherited at reduced rank as first-rank Jingqi Niha. Early in the Qianlong reign the line was fixed as first-rank viscount.

=伊爾德=伊爾德，滿洲正黃旗人，揚古利族侄也。天聰三年，從揚古利率師入明邊，略錦州、寧遠。既，復從攻北京。師還，敗山海關援兵於灤州，出塞為前驅，斬明兵守隘者。五年，從上圍大凌河城，城兵突出，伊爾德衝鋒殺敵，逐敵迫壕，乃引還。敵騎挾弓矢將犯御營，伊爾德馳斬之。秋，复略前屯衛，將十五人，捕敵軍邏卒。值別將噶思哈為敵困，奮擊，援之出。積功，授世職備禦。尋擢巴牙喇纛章京。

Yi Erde was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner and a nephew of Yangguli's clan. In Tiancong 3 he joined Yangguli in raiding the Ming frontier at Jinzhou and Ningyuan. He then joined the attack on Beijing. On the return march he routed the Shanhaiguan relief force at Luanzhou, served as vanguard beyond the pass, and killed Ming troops at the frontier posts. In the fifth year he joined the siege of Dalinhe. When the garrison sallied out, Yi Erde charged, killed the enemy, pursued them to the moat, and withdrew. Enemy horsemen with bows were about to strike the imperial camp; Yi Erde rode out and cut them down. That autumn he raided Qiantunwei again with fifteen men and took enemy border scouts. He found Deputy General Gasiha surrounded by the enemy, fought through to him, and brought him out. For his accumulated service he received the hereditary rank of Defender. He was soon made Baturu Banner Commander.

崇德二年，從貝勒阿巴泰築都爾弼城，將巴牙喇兵四百人護工役。五年，從圍錦州，敵出戰，伊爾德領纛追擊，敗之。督屯田錦州、松山間，明人縱牧於野，伊爾德設伏烏欣河，驅其牲畜以歸。敵襲我軍後，伊爾德還擊，斬獲無算。超進世職三等梅勒章京。屢坐事當削世職，命罰鍰以贖。七年，復從圍錦州，明兵來奪砲，擊敗之，進一等。

In Chongde 2 he joined Prince Abatai in building Duerbi City and led four hundred Baturu troops to protect the work crews. In the fifth year he joined the Jinzhou siege. When the enemy sallied out, Yi Erde led the pursuit under the banner and routed them. He oversaw garrison farms between Jinzhou and Songshan. When Ming herders grazed their stock in the open, Yi Erde ambushed them at the Wuxin River and drove the animals off. When the enemy struck our rear, Yi Erde wheeled about and killed and captured without number. He received an exceptional promotion to third-rank hereditary Meire Commander. He was repeatedly found guilty of offenses that should have cost him his hereditary rank, but each time paid a fine instead. In the seventh year he joined the Jinzhou siege again, defeated Ming troops who came to recover their cannon, and was promoted to first rank.

順治元年，命駐防錦州。二年，加半個前程。世祖召伊爾德，命從豫親王多鐸南征，與尚書宗室韓岱等將蒙古兵自南陽下歸德，招撫甚眾。至揚州，獲戰監百餘，渡江先驅，破南京。明福王由崧走蕪湖，與固山額真阿哈尼堪等追擊，敗明將黃得功。三年，進世職一等昂邦章京。六年，偕大將軍譚泰討叛將金聲桓，下南昌，誅聲桓。師進，叛將李成棟陷信豐，攻克之，成棟夜遁，馬蹶，溺水死。分兵定撫州、建昌，破其將楊奇盛。江西悉平。師還，复移剿保定土寇。論功，進世職一等精奇尼哈番。八年，巴牙喇纛章京鼇拜訐伊爾德值上幸內苑擅令門直員役更番，私減守門護軍額數，又嫉忌鰲拜等，鞫實，論死，上貸之，命降世職一級，罰鍰以贖。尋授本旗固山額真。九年，三遇恩詔，累進一等伯兼拖沙喇哈番。從敬謹親王尼堪徵湖南，師敗績，王沒於陣。十一年，師還，論罪，奪職籍沒。

In Shunzhi 1 he was assigned to garrison Jinzhou. In the second year he received half a step of promotion credit. The Shizu emperor summoned Yi Erde to join Prince Dodo's southern campaign. With Minister Handai of the imperial clan he led Mongol troops from Nanyang to Guide and won over a great many people. At Yangzhou he seized more than a hundred war junks, crossed the river as vanguard, and took Nanjing. The Ming Prince of Fu Zhu Yousong fled to Wuhu. Yi Erde joined Gushan Ejen Ahanikan in pursuit and defeated Huang Degong. In the third year he was promoted to first-rank hereditary Angbang Commander. In the sixth year he joined Grand General Tan Tai against the rebel Jin Shengwan, took Nanchang, and executed him. The army advanced on the rebel Li Chengdong at Xinfeng, took the city, and Chengdong fled by night; his horse stumbled and he drowned. Detachments pacified Fuzhou and Jianchang and defeated Yang Qisheng. Jiangxi was fully pacified. On the army's return he was sent to suppress bandits in Baoding. For his service he was promoted to first-rank hereditary Jingqi Niha. In the eighth year Oboi accused Yi Erde of changing gate shifts without authority while the emperor was in the inner gardens, cutting the gate-guard roster, and envying Oboi and others. The charges were proved and he was sentenced to death, but the emperor commuted this to a one-grade reduction in hereditary rank and a fine. He was soon made Gushan Ejen of his banner. In the ninth year, through three amnesty edicts, he rose cumulatively to first-rank baron with Tushala Ha. He joined Prince Jingjin Nikan on the Hunan campaign. The army was defeated and the prince was killed in action. In the eleventh year, on the army's return, he was judged guilty and stripped of office and property.

初，明魯王以海與其將阮進等據舟山，以海走入海。至是，其將陳六禦、阮思等復據舟山為寇。十二年，上授伊爾德寧海大將軍，率師討之。六禦等遣所置總兵王長樹、毛光祚、沈爾序等登陸掠大嵐山。伊爾德遣巴牙喇纛額真車爾布、梅勒額真碩祿古、總兵張承恩引兵趨夏關，抵斗門，連擊敗之，斬長樹等；而自率師攻寧波，乘舟趨定海，分三道並進。六禦等列舟望江口山下以待，伊爾德揮眾進擊，敗之；追至衡水洋，斬六禦等，遂取舟山。十四年，師還，上命貝勒杜蘭等郊勞，复世職，論功，進一等伯。

Earlier the Ming Prince of Lu Zhu Yihai and his generals Ruan Jin and others held Zhoushan until Yihai fled to sea. By then his former officers Chen Liuyu, Ruan Si, and others had reoccupied Zhoushan as raiders. In the twelfth year the emperor made Yi Erde Pacification General of the Eastern Sea and sent him to suppress them. Liuyu sent his commanders Wang Changshu, Mao Guangzuo, Shen Erxu, and others ashore to raid Dalanshan. Yi Erde sent Baturu Banner Ejen Cheerbu, Meire Ejen Shuolugu, and Commander Zhang Chengen to Xiaguan and Doumen, where they defeated the enemy in succession and killed Changshu and others; while he himself attacked Ningbo by sea toward Dinghai in three columns. Liuyu drew up his fleet below Wangjiangkou to meet him; Yi Erde attacked and routed them; pursued them to Hengshuiyang, killed Liuyu and his officers, and took Zhoushan. In the fourteenth year, on the army's return, Prince Dulan and others were sent to welcome it outside the city; his hereditary rank was restored and he was promoted to first-rank baron for his service.

十五年，從信郡王多尼南征，自貴陽至盤江，擊斬明將，進克雲南。十八年，卒於軍，諡襄敏。

In the fifteenth year he joined Prince Xin Duoni on the southern campaign from Guiyang to the Pan River, killed Ming generals in battle, and advanced to conquer Yunnan. In the eighteenth year he died in camp and received the posthumous title Xiangmin.

孫巴琿岱，襲。自散秩大臣遷正黃旗滿洲都統。夏逢龍之亂，出為荊州將軍。聖祖徵噶爾丹，參贊大將軍馬斯喀軍務。卒，諡恪恭。子馬哈達，降二等伯，世襲。乾隆中，加封號宣義。

His grandson Ba Fendai inherited the title. He rose from minister without portfolio to Manchu commander of the Plain Yellow Banner. When Xia Fenglong rebelled, he was dispatched as Jingzhou General. When the Shengzu emperor marched against Galdan, he served as deputy to Grand General Maski. He died and received the posthumous title Ke Gong. His son Mahada inherited at reduced rank as a second-class baron. During the Qianlong reign the supplemental title Xuanyi was conferred.

=努山=努山，扎庫塔氏，世居鄂裡。父塔克都，歸太祖，太祖命籍其眾為牛錄，以其長子瑚什屯為牛錄額真。旗制定，隸滿洲正黃旗。積功，授世職游擊。卒，無子，以努山子渾岱為後，襲職，而努山代為牛錄額真。從征伐，輒先驅覘敵。有功，授噶布什賢章京。太宗嘉其能，以瑚什屯世職改命努山，諭曰：「弟之子不若弟親也。」時為天聰八年五月。

Nushan was of the Jakuta clan, his family having lived at Oli for generations. His father Taketu came over to the Taizu emperor, who registered their followers as a niru and made the eldest son Hushitun niru commander. Once the banner system was established, they were placed in the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. For accumulated service he received the hereditary rank of Guerrilla Colonel. He died childless; Nushan's son Hundai was adopted as heir and inherited the rank, and Nushan himself became niru commander. On campaign he invariably rode ahead as vanguard to scout the enemy. For his service he was made Gabsihiyan Commander. The Taizong praised his talent, reassigned Hushitun's hereditary post to Nushan, and told him, "A younger brother's son is not as close as a younger brother. This was in the fifth month of Tiancong 8.

尋從伐明，攻大同，努山與甲喇額真席特庫、納海執邏卒以獻。崇德元年，率甲士行邊，至冷口，遇明邏卒十四，斬三人，俘一人，獲馬十餘。三年，從貝勒岳託伐明，將入邊，遇明兵，斬四十人，俘三人。發明兵所置火藥。度牆子嶺，明總兵吳阿衡將六千人迎戰，擊之敗。與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦勞薩逐明兵，獲馬數十及攻具。薄明都，破明兵為伏者，而自設伏道側，挑明太監高起潛戰，伏起夾擊，多所俘馘。即夕，起潛襲噶布什賢兵，努山與席特庫及甲喇額真鄂克合兵戰，起潛兵敗走，逐北，迫會通河，明兵多入水死，遂次涿州；分道從睿親王多爾袞徇山東，克濟南。師還，出塞，復與勞薩共敗明兵。

He soon joined the Ming campaign and the attack on Datong. Nushan, with Jalan Ejen Xiteku and Nihai, seized Ming patrolmen and brought them in. In Chongde 1 he led armored troops along the frontier to Lengkou, encountered fourteen Ming patrolmen, killed three, took one prisoner, and captured more than ten horses. In the third year he joined Prince Yueto's Ming campaign. As they were about to cross the border they met Ming forces, killed forty men, and took three prisoners. They captured the gunpowder the Ming army had stockpiled. Crossing Qiangzi Pass, they met Regional Commander Wu Aheng with six thousand men coming out to fight and routed him. With Gabsihiyan Angbang Commander Laosa he chased the Ming army and captured dozens of horses and siege gear. Near the Ming capital they routed an ambushing Ming force, then laid their own ambush by the road, baited the Ming eunuch Gao Qiqian into battle, and when their men sprang up on both sides killed and captured a great many. That night Qiqian attacked the Gabsihiyan force. Nushan, Xiteku, and Jalan Ejen Eke combined to fight him; Qiqian's troops broke and fled. In the pursuit to the Huitong River many Ming soldiers drowned, and the army then encamped at Zhuozhou; then by separate columns they followed Prince Regent Dorgon through Shandong and took Jinan. On the return march beyond the frontier he again joined Laosa in defeating Ming forces.

六年七月，與侍衛穆章等诇敵董家口、喜峰口，遇明兵，斬百餘人，俘四人。從圍錦州，是時上自將駐軍松山、杏山道中，明兵擊噶布什賢兵，努山力戰，斬五十二人，獲馬三十。明總督洪承疇出戰，努山與勞薩等陣而前，戰良久，王貝勒等各以所部合戰，大破明兵。十月，擢噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦。是時武英郡王阿濟格駐軍杏山河岸，上命努山濟師。敵騎千自寧遠至，猝與努山值，驚潰，努山逐之，至連山，斬三十人，獲馬三十有二。七年三月，與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦吳拜共略寧遠，敵騎五十自中後所至，率噶布什賢兵縱擊，明兵四百人來援，並擊敗之；薄寧遠，守者背城陣，努山等與戰，俘二十三人：進世職二等甲喇章京。八年，上以貝勒阿巴泰等略山東未還，命努山率甲喇額真四、侍衛四、兵九十至界嶺口，诇師行距邊遠近，遇明兵，斬守備一、兵三百餘，俘數十人，獲馬騾二百餘。八月，與巴牙喇纛章京阿濟格尼堪帥師戍錦州。

In the seventh month of the sixth year he scouted the enemy at Dongjiakou and Xifengkou with Bodyguard Muzhang and others, killed more than a hundred Ming soldiers, and took four prisoners. He joined the siege of Jinzhou. The emperor was then in personal command, encamped on the road between Songshan and Xingshan. When Ming troops struck the Gabsihiyan force, Nushan fought hard, killed fifty-two men, and captured thirty horses. Ming Governor-General Hong Chengchou came out to fight. Nushan, Laosa, and the others advanced in formation and battled for a long time until the princes and beile brought up their commands; together they shattered the Ming army. In the tenth month he was promoted to Gabsihiyan Angbang Commander. Prince Ying Ajige was then encamped on the Xingshan River. The emperor ordered Nushan to bring up reinforcements. A thousand enemy cavalry came from Ningyuan, ran into Nushan by surprise, broke in panic, and were chased to Lianshan, where he killed thirty men and captured thirty-two horses. In the third month of the seventh year he joined Gabsihiyan Angbang Commander Wu Bai in raiding Ningyuan. Fifty enemy horsemen came from Zhonghousuo; he led the Gabsihiyan force in a charge and, when four hundred Ming troops came to relieve them, defeated both groups; Near Ningyuan the defenders drew up with their backs to the wall. Nushan and his men fought them and took twenty-three prisoners, and he was promoted to second-class hereditary Jalan Commander. In the eighth year, while Prince Abatai's Shandong raid had not yet returned, the emperor sent Nushan with four Jalan Ejen, four bodyguards, and ninety soldiers to Jielingkou to scout how close the army was to the border. They met Ming forces, killed a garrison commander and more than three hundred soldiers, took several dozen prisoners, and captured more than two hundred horses and mules. In the eighth month he joined Baturu Banner Commander Aji Ge Nikan in garrisoning Jinzhou.

順治元年，世祖既定鼎，命努山將左翼噶布什賢兵從豫親王多鐸西討李自成，自成兵出潼關拒戰，努山自間道劘其壘，斬殺過半，自成兵潰走。二年，移師定河南，下揚州，克明南京。明福王由崧走蕪湖，努山與諸將以師從之，得福王以歸。三年，從貝勒博洛徇浙江，明總兵方國安屯錢塘江東岸，以舟師出戰。努山從固山額真圖賴自上游渡，擊國安，敗之，盡得其舟；進略福建，擊斬明巡撫楊廷清、李暄。時巴牙喇纛章京都爾德等攻下建寧、延平諸府，明唐王聿鍵走汀州，努山馳七晝夜追及之，唐王入城守，令銳卒以巨木撞其門，後軍繼至，遂克之。

In Shunzhi 1, once the Shizu emperor had established the capital, he ordered Nushan to lead the Left Wing Gabsihiyan force under Prince Dodo against Li Zicheng in the west. Zicheng's army came out at Tongguan to resist. Nushan took a side road, stormed their camp, killed more than half, and Zicheng's troops broke and fled. In the second year the army moved to secure Henan, took Yangzhou, and captured the Ming Southern Capital. The Ming Prince of Fu Zhu Yousong fled to Wuhu. Nushan and the other generals pursued with the army and captured him. In the third year he joined Prince Bolo's sweep through Zhejiang. Ming Regional Commander Fang Guoan was posted on the east bank of the Qiantang River and met them with a fleet. Nushan crossed upstream with Gushan Ejen Tu Lai, attacked Guoan, routed him, and captured his entire fleet; then advanced into Fujian, where he killed the Ming grand coordinators Yang Tingqing and Li Xuan in battle. Baturu Banner Commander Durde and others had meanwhile taken Jianning, Yanping, and the other prefectures. The Ming Prince of Tang Zhu Yujian fled to Tingzhou. Nushan rode seven days and nights without rest and caught up with him. The Prince of Tang shut himself in the city; Nushan sent elite troops to ram the gate with great beams, the rear army came up, and the city fell.

五年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗定湖廣。明桂王由榔據廣西，其總督何騰蛟，總兵王進才、馬進忠、袁宗第等，分屯湖南諸郡邑。六年正月，努山至長沙，時席特庫亦遷噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦，將右翼噶布什賢兵，共簡精銳攻湘潭，與固山額真阿濟格尼堪等破北門入，騰蛟死之。四月，兵部尚書阿哈尼堪等徇寶慶，未至七十里，進才、進忠合軍出禦，努山令所部舍騎步戰，明兵敗，薄城東門，進才等棄城走，逐之至武岡，殲進忠所將步兵三千，破進才及宗第等寨十餘，分克沅州、靖州；再進克全州，斬明閣部楊鰲及副將以下四十餘。累進二等阿思哈尼哈番。十三年，擢內大臣。十五年，卒。

In the fifth year he joined Prince Jirhalang in pacifying Huguang. The Ming Prince of Gui Zhu Youlang held Guangxi, while Governor-General He Tengjiao and regional commanders Wang Jincai, Ma Jinzhong, Yuan Zongdi, and others were scattered through Hunan's prefectures and counties. In the first month of the sixth year Nushan reached Changsha. Xiteku had by then been made Gabsihiyan Angbang Commander of the Right Wing Gabsihiyan force. Together they chose elite troops to assault Xiangtan. With Gushan Ejen Aji Ge Nikan and others they broke through the north gate, and Tengjiao was killed. In the fourth month Minister of War Ahanikan and others advanced on Baoqing. Seventy li short of the city, Jincai and Jinzhong united to meet them. Nushan ordered his men to dismount and fight on foot, routed the Ming army, and pressed the east gate until Jincai and the others abandoned the city and fled. The pursuit reached Wugang, where three thousand of Jinzhong's infantry were wiped out, more than ten stockades of Jincai and Zongdi were broken, and Yuanzhou and Jingzhou were taken in separate columns; Pressing on, they took Quanzhou and killed Grand Secretary Yang Ao of the Ming and more than forty officers down to vice commander. He was eventually promoted to second-class Ashan-i Niha. In the thirteenth year he was made Inner Minister. He died in the fifteenth year.

=阿濟格尼堪=阿濟格尼堪，滿洲正白旗人，達音布子。達音布戰死，長子阿哈尼堪襲三等甲喇章京，旋卒。阿濟格尼堪繼襲，授甲喇額真。從太宗伐察哈爾，自大同入明境，與雅賴共擊敗明兵於崞縣。崇德元年，從太宗伐朝鮮，擊敗明寧遠守邊兵。三年，從貝勒岳託伐明，擊破總兵侯世祿，得其印及騎。四年，擢巴牙喇纛章京。從肅親王豪格攻錦州，設伏於連山，俘五人，獲馬七。

Aji Ge Nikan was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner and the son of Dayinbu. Dayinbu was killed in battle. His eldest son Ahanikan inherited as third-class Jalan Commander but soon died. Aji Ge Nikan inherited next and was appointed Jalan Ejen. He followed the Taizong against the Chahar, entered Ming territory from Datong, and with Yalai defeated Ming forces at Guo County. In Chongde 1 he joined the Taizong's Korean campaign and defeated the Ming border force at Ningyuan. In the third year he joined Prince Yueto's Ming campaign, defeated Regional Commander Hou Shilu, and captured his seal and cavalry. In the fourth year he was made Baturu Banner Commander. He served under Prince Su Ajige at the Jinzhou siege, laid an ambush at Lianshan, took five prisoners, and captured seven horses.

六年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗攻錦州，以七十人為伏，敗敵；進攻杏山，領纛直入敵壘，敵大潰。時錦州有蒙古諾木齊等原降，明總兵祖大壽發其謀，以兵圍之，不得出。阿濟格尼堪诇知之，乘夜薄城，力戰先登，入其郛，援諾木齊等皆出。進攻松山，戰屢捷。上以阿濟格尼堪少年能殺敵，進一等參將，賚白金四百。是年八月，明總督洪承疇集諸鎮兵救錦州，上自將屯松山、杏山道中，絕餉道。明總兵吳三桂、唐通等皆潛引去。上召阿濟格尼堪親授策，與鰲拜等追擊，大敗之。八年八月，命戍錦州。九月，鄭親王取中後所、前屯衛，阿濟格尼堪率所部及蒙古兵攻中前所，拔其城，俘明潰兵，無得脫者，加半個前程。

In the sixth year he joined Prince Jirhalang's Jinzhou campaign, set seventy men in ambush, and routed the enemy; then attacked Xingshan, carrying the banner straight into the enemy lines until the foe collapsed in rout. At Jinzhou the Mongols Nomuchi and others, who had earlier defected, were betrayed by Ming Regional Commander Zu Dashou, who surrounded them and trapped them inside. Aji Ge Nikan learned of this through scouts, approached the city by night, fought his way in first over the wall, entered the outer town, and brought Nomuchi and the others out. In the advance on Songshan he won victory after victory. The emperor, noting that though young Aji Ge Nikan could kill the enemy in battle, promoted him to first-class Colonel and granted him four hundred taels of silver. That August, Ming Governor-General Hong Chengchou assembled garrison troops to relieve Jinzhou. The emperor took command in person, encamped on the road between Songshan and Xingshan, and severed the supply line. Ming regional commanders Wu Sangui, Tang Tong, and others all slipped away in secret. The emperor summoned Aji Ge Nikan, gave him his orders in person, and with Oboi and others he pursued and routed the enemy. In the eighth month of the eighth year he was assigned to garrison Jinzhou. In the ninth month Prince Jirhalang took Zhonghousuo and Qiantunwei. Aji Ge Nikan led his own troops and Mongol forces against Zhongqiansuo, captured the city, and rounded up the fleeing Ming soldiers without a single escape; he received half a step of promotion credit.

順治元年四月，從睿親王多爾袞入關，破李自成，追至慶都，進一等梅勒章京。十月，從豫親王多鐸帥師西討自成，渡孟津，薄潼關。賊鑿重壕為固，自成將劉方亮率千餘人出拒，阿濟格尼堪與圖賴、阿爾津等奮戰，方亮敗退。至夜，復來犯，阿濟格尼堪力戰卻之，連破賊二壘，遂麾兵逾壕，冒矢石先登，賊驚潰降竄，師入關。二年正月，克西安，自成自商州入湖廣。

In the fourth month of Shunzhi 1 he followed Prince Regent Dorgon through the pass, defeated Li Zicheng, pursued him to Qingdu, and was promoted to first-class Meire Commander. In the tenth month he joined Prince Dodo's western campaign against Zicheng, crossed at Mengjin, and approached Tongguan. The rebels had dug deep trenches for defense. Zicheng's general Liu Fangliang came out with more than a thousand men to resist. Aji Ge Nikan, Tu Lai, Arjin, and the others fought hard and drove Fangliang back. At night they attacked again. Aji Ge Nikan fought them off, took two rebel camps in succession, then led his men over the trench and up under fire ahead of all others. The rebels broke in panic, surrendered, and fled, and the army entered the pass. In the first month of the second year Xi'an fell, and Zicheng withdrew from Shangzhou into Huguang.

豫親王移師下江南，四月，至淮安，遣阿濟格尼堪率所部趨揚州，屯城北，與親軍合攻，城遂下，獲戰艦二百餘；渡江克明南都，追擊明福王由崧於蕪湖，敗其舟師：進三等昂邦章京。三年，從端重親王博洛定浙江，徇金華、衢州，破仙霞關，略建寧、延平。明唐王聿鍵走汀州，阿濟格尼堪與都爾德進擊至城下，率精銳先登，遂克汀州。其總兵姜正希以二萬人赴援，阿濟格尼堪出禦，所殺傷過半。進一等精奇尼哈番，賜敕世襲。五年，授正白旗滿洲都統。

Prince Dodo shifted south into Jiangnan. In the fourth month, reaching Huai'an, he sent Aji Ge Nikan with his command toward Yangzhou, where he encamped north of the city and joined the imperial guard in the assault; the city fell and more than two hundred warships were captured; crossing the Yangtze they took the Ming Southern Capital, pursued the Ming Prince of Fu Zhu Yousong at Wuhu, and destroyed his fleet; he was promoted to third-class Angbang Commander. In the third year he joined Prince Duanzhong Bolo in pacifying Zhejiang, swept through Jinhua and Quzhou, forced Xianxia Pass, and overran Jianning and Yanping. The Ming Prince of Tang Zhu Yujian fled to Tingzhou. Aji Ge Nikan and Durde pursued to the walls; he led elite troops over first, and Tingzhou fell. Regional Commander Jiang Zhengxi came with twenty thousand men to relieve the city. Aji Ge Nikan went out to meet him and killed or wounded more than half his force. He was promoted to first-class Jingqi Niha and granted an edict confirming hereditary succession. In the fifth year he was made Manchu commander of the Plain White Banner.

六年，鄭親王濟爾哈朗徵湖廣，以阿濟格尼堪參贊軍事。是時明總督何騰蛟，總兵王進才、馬進忠等，守湖南：騰蛟軍湘潭；進才、進忠軍寶慶。阿濟格尼堪至長沙，與兵部尚書阿哈尼堪為前鋒，攻湘潭，破北門入，執騰蛟。逐明潰兵至湘鄉，盡殲之，遂趨寶慶。未至七十里，進才、進忠合軍拒戰，阿濟格尼堪令步騎番進，薄寶慶東郭，進才等敗遁。遂下沅、靖，進克全州。七年正月，師還，進三等伯，賚白金五百，授議政大臣。四月，卒，諡勇敏。乾隆間，加封號襄寧。子宜理布，自有傳。

In the sixth year Prince Jirhalang marched on Huguang and made Aji Ge Nikan his deputy in military affairs. The Ming governor-general He Tengjiao and regional commanders Wang Jincai, Ma Jinzhong, and others then held Hunan: Tengjiao at Xiangtan; Jincai and Jinzhong at Baoqing. Aji Ge Nikan reached Changsha and, with Minister of War Ahanikan in the vanguard, assaulted Xiangtan, broke through the north gate, and captured Tengjiao. He chased the fleeing Ming troops to Xiangxiang, wiped them out, and then pressed on toward Baoqing. Seventy li short of the city, Jincai and Jinzhong united to resist. Aji Ge Nikan sent infantry and cavalry forward in alternating waves, pressed the east suburbs of Baoqing, and Jincai and the others broke and fled. He then took Yuanzhou and Jingzhou and advanced to capture Quanzhou. In the first month of the seventh year, on the army's return, he was promoted to third-class baron, granted five hundred taels of silver, and made Deliberative Minister. He died in the fourth month and received the posthumous title Yongmin. During the Qianlong reign the supplemental title Xiangning was conferred. His son Yilibu has a separate biography.

=佟圖賴=佟圖賴，漢軍鑲黃旗人。父養真。太祖克撫順，養真以從弟養性已降，挈其族來歸。從攻遼陽，以功授世職游擊。命駐鎮江，守將陳良策以城叛，養真及長子豐年皆死。

Tong Tu Lai was a Han Chinese Bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner. His father was Yangzhen. After the Taizu emperor took Fushun, Yangzhen, whose younger cousin Yangxing had already come over, brought his clan in submission. He joined the Liaoyang campaign and, for his service, received the hereditary rank of Guerrilla Colonel. He was posted to garrison Zhenjiang. When the garrison commander Chen Liangce rebelled with the city, Yangzhen and his eldest son Fengnian were both killed.

佟圖賴初名盛年，其次子也，襲世職，事太宗。天聰五年，從攻大凌河，破明監軍道張春兵，進世職二等參將。崇德三年，授兵部右參政。五年，從攻錦州，取白官兒屯台。六年，復從攻錦州，取金塔口三台。七年，從攻松山，明師以騎兵突陣，將奪我師砲，佟圖賴擊卻之；又敗其步兵，取塔山、杏山諸台，遂克其城二：以功進世職一等。是歲始分漢軍為八旗，授正藍旗固山額真。師出略明邊，佟圖賴與固山額真李國翰等奏請直取燕京，上以「未取關外四城，何能即克山海」，優旨開諭之。八年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗收前屯衛、中後所二城，加半個前程。

Tong Tu Lai, originally named Shengnian, was Yangzhen's second son. He inherited the hereditary rank and served the Taizong. In Tiancong 5 he joined the Dalinhe campaign, defeated the force of Ming Military Inspector Zhang Chun, and was promoted to second-class hereditary Colonel. In Chongde 3 he was appointed Right Vice Minister of War. In the fifth year he joined the Jinzhou campaign and took the Baiguan'er beacon tower. In the sixth year he again joined the Jinzhou campaign and took the three towers at Jintakou. In the seventh year he joined the Songshan campaign. Ming cavalry burst into the line to seize our guns; Tong Tu Lai drove them off; routed their infantry, took the towers at Tashan and Xingshan, and captured both cities, earning promotion to first-class hereditary rank. That year, when the Chinese Army was first organized into Eight Banners, he was made Gushan Ejen of the Plain Blue Banner. On a frontier raid Tong Tu Lai and Gushan Ejen Li Guohan and others asked permission to march directly on Beijing. The emperor replied that without the four northeastern cities they could not yet take Shanhaiguan, and sent a gracious edict explaining his reasoning. In the eighth year he joined Prince Jirhalang in taking Qiantunwei and Zhonghousuo and received half a step of promotion credit.

順治元年，從入關，調鑲白旗，與固山額真巴哈納、石廷柱等招降山東府四、州七、縣三十二。复移師下太原，招降山西府九、州二十七、縣一百四十一。師還，賜白金四百。尋從豫親王多鐸西討李自成，定河南。二年，移師徇江南，先後克揚州、嘉興，皆在行，進世職二等梅勒章京，賜蟒服、黃金三十、白金千五百。五年，授定南將軍，與固山額真劉之源率左翼漢軍駐寶慶。時馬進忠等寇衡、湘、辰、永間，陷寶慶。佟圖賴師至，克之。

In Shunzhi 1 he crossed the pass, was transferred to the Bordered White Banner, and with Gushan Ejen Bahana, Shi Tingzhu, and others secured the submission of four prefectures, seven departments, and thirty-two counties in Shandong. He then marched on Taiyuan and won over nine prefectures, twenty-seven departments, and one hundred forty-one counties in Shanxi. On the army's return he received four hundred taels of silver. He soon joined Prince Dodo's western campaign against Li Zicheng and helped secure Henan. In the second year the army turned to Jiangnan, taking Yangzhou and Jiaxing in turn with him in the column throughout. He was promoted to second-rank hereditary Meire Commander and given python robes, thirty taels of gold, and fifteen hundred taels of silver. In the fifth year he was made Pacification General of the South and, with Gushan Ejen Liu Zhiyuan, garrisoned Baoqing with the left-wing Chinese Army. Ma Jinzhong and others were then raiding through Hengzhou, Xiangtan, Chenzhou, and Yongzhou and had taken Baoqing. Tong Tu Lai marched in and retook the city.

六年，鄭親王濟爾哈朗徇湖廣，佟圖賴與固山額真碩詹等分兵趨衡州，陣斬明將陶養用，拔其城。時明將胡一清猶屯城南為七營，乘勝疾擊破之；逐一清，戰於望公嶺山峪口，又破之；一清走入廣西境，距全州三十里，立六營自保，與努山、阿濟格尼堪合軍奮擊，破之，遂下全州。師還，駐衡州。明兵犯常寧，遣牛錄額真陳天謨等馳援，破明兵石鼓洞，斬其渠。八年，師還，宴勞。授禮部侍郎。復調正藍旗固山額真。世職累進至三等精奇尼哈番。十三年，以疾乞休，世祖命加太子太保致仕。十五年，卒，賜祭葬，贈少保，仍兼太子太保，諡勤襄。

In the sixth year Prince Jirhalang campaigned in Huguang. Tong Tu Lai and Gushan Ejen Shuozhan split forces toward Hengzhou, killed the Ming general Tao Yangyong in battle, and took the city. The Ming general Hu Yiqing still held seven camps south of the city; they pressed their advantage and smashed them; pursued Yiqing to Wanggongling pass and defeated him again; Yiqing fled into Guangxi, encamped thirty li from Quanzhou in six fortified camps, and was broken by a combined attack with Nushan and Aji Ge Nikan; Quanzhou then fell. The army returned and garrisoned Hengzhou. When Ming forces attacked Changning he sent Company Ejen Chen Tianmo and others to their relief, routed the Ming troops at Shigudong, and killed their leader. In the eighth year, on the army's return, he was honored at a feast. He was appointed Vice Minister of Rites. He was again made Gushan Ejen of the Plain Blue Banner. His hereditary rank rose cumulatively to third-rank Jingqi Niha. In the thirteenth year he retired on grounds of illness, and the Shizu emperor granted him Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with retirement honors. In the fifteenth year he died. The court granted sacrificial burial, posthumously made him Junior Guardian while retaining Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and gave him the posthumous title Qinxiang.

康熙間，以孝康章皇后推恩所生，贈一等公，並命改隸滿洲。世宗即位，追封佟養正一等公，諡忠烈，與佟圖賴並加太師。養真改曰養正，避世宗嫌名也。

In the Kangxi reign, through favor to Empress Xiaokangzhang's birth family, he was posthumously made first-rank duke and his line was transferred to Manchu registration. When the Yongzheng emperor ascended the throne he posthumously enfeoffed Tong Yangzheng as first-rank duke with the title Zhonglie, and Tong Tu Lai was also granted Grand Preceptor. Yangzhen was renamed Yangzheng to avoid the Yongzheng emperor's tabooed name.

=【論】=論曰：圖賴忠鯁類父，督師南征，破福、唐二王，三江、閩、浙，以次底定，仍世侑饗，允哉！準塔綏徠畿輔，戡定江、淮；伊爾德橫海殺敵，破魯王餘眾，功與相並。努山、阿濟格尼堪、佟圖賴佐定江表，又合軍徇湘南。戮力佐創業，績亦偉矣！

The commentators say: Tu Lai was as bluntly loyal as his father. Leading the southern campaigns he destroyed the Princes of Fu and Tang; the lower Yangtze, Fujian, and Zhejiang were secured in turn. That his line still receives temple offerings is only fitting! Zhun Ta pacified the capital region and secured the Yangtze and Huai; Yi Erde fought across the sea, broke the Prince of Lu's remnant forces, and ranks with them in merit. Nushan, Aji Ge Nikan, and Tong Tu Lai helped secure the south of the Yangtze and together campaigned in southern Hunan. In lending their full strength to the founding of the dynasty, their achievements were truly great!

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