1
李國英，漢軍正紅旗人，初籍遼東。 仕明隸左良玉部下，官至總兵。 順治二年，與良玉子夢庚來降。 三年，從肅親王豪格下四川，討張獻忠，授成都總兵。 五年，擢四川巡撫。
Li Guoying belonged to the Han Army Bordered Red Banner and was originally registered in Liaodong. Under the Ming he served under Zuo Liangyu and eventually became a regional commander. In Shunzhi 2 (1645), he surrendered together with Liangyu's son Menggeng. In the third year he marched into Sichuan with Prince Su Hoge to suppress Zhang Xianzhong and was made regional commander at Chengdu. In the fifth year he was promoted to governor of Sichuan.
2
獻忠既滅，其將孫可望、劉文秀等降於明，分遣所部王命臣等竄川南，譚弘、譚文、譚詣、楊展、劉惟明等竄川東，與李自成舊部郝搖旗、李來亨、袁宗第、劉二虎、邢十萬、馬超等遙為聲援。 弘犯保寧，國英擊敗之。 命臣據順慶，國英分兵三道，水陸並進，克其城，獲其將李先德、硃朝國等。 邢十萬、馬超所據地近保寧，國英偕總兵惠應詔討之，獲其將胡敬，复潼川，逐之至綿州，獲所置吏呂濟民等。 尋招惟明、展來降，遂下綿州。 六年，進復安縣，克彰明，破曲山關，徇石泉。 有謝光祖者，據寨抗，師行，遣兵破斬之。 七年，遣副將曹純忠、劉漢臣徇川北諸郡縣，設伏擊斬寇渠老鐵匠、黃鷂子。 九年，可望、文秀大舉寇保寧，橫列十五里，勢張甚。 國英督兵搗其中堅，別遣兵出間道擊其後，大破之，授世職二等阿達哈哈番。
After Zhang Xianzhong's defeat, his generals Sun Kewang and Liu Wenxiu went over to the Ming. They sent Wang Mingchen and others into southern Sichuan and Tan Hong, Tan Wen, Tan Yi, Yang Zhan, and Liu Weiming into the east, while Li Zicheng's old commanders—Hao Yaoqi, Li Laiheng, Yuan Zongdi, Liu Erhu, Xing Shiwan, and Ma Chao—supported them from a distance. When Tan Hong attacked Baoning, Guoying routed him. Wang Mingchen held Shunqing. Guoying advanced in three columns by land and water, captured the city, and took generals Li Xiande and Zhu Chaoguo among others. Xing Shiwan and Ma Chao held ground near Baoning. Guoying and regional commander Hui Yingzhao attacked them, took their general Hu Jing, recovered Tongchuan, drove them to Mianzhou, and captured officials they had appointed, including Lü Jimin. He soon induced Liu Weiming and Yang Zhan to surrender and then captured Mianzhou. In the sixth year he recovered An County, took Zhangming, broke through Qushan Pass, and subdued Shiquan. When Xie Guangzu held a stockade in defiance, Guoying sent troops on the march to defeat and execute him. In the seventh year he sent deputy commanders Cao Chunzhong and Liu Hanchen to pacify the northern Sichuan prefectures and counties, ambushed and killed the rebel chiefs Old Ironsmith and Yellow Oriole. In the ninth year Sun Kewang and Liu Wenxiu invaded Baoning in force, their line stretching fifteen li, with overwhelming momentum. Guoying led a thrust at their center while another column took a bypath and struck their rear, winning a crushing victory. He received the hereditary rank of second-class Adahafan.
3
十一年，加兵部尚書。 時可望等破成都，重慶、夔州、嘉定皆為明守。 吳三桂、李國翰駐軍漢中，國英請敕進兵。 十三年，加太子太保。 十四年，擢陝西四川總督。 三桂等自漢中下重慶，遂趨貴州。 文、弘、詣、二虎等分屯忠州、萬縣，合軍攻重慶，總兵程廷俊、嚴自明御之，敗走。 文又合十三家兵逼重慶，國英自保寧赴援，次合江，詣殺文以降。 國英入城安撫，弘亦與其將郝承裔、陳達先後出降。 文所部猶據涪、忠二州，國英遣總兵王明德擊破之。 十七年，承裔據雅州复叛，國英督兵至嘉定，分三道進剿，破竹箐關入，承裔走黎州，追獲之。 十八年，川、陝各設總督，命國英專轄四川。
In the eleventh year he was made Minister of War. By then Kewang's forces had taken Chengdu, while Chongqing, Kuizhou, and Jiading remained in Ming hands. Wu Sangui and Li Guohan were encamped at Hanzhong, and Guoying asked the throne for orders to advance. In the thirteenth year he was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In the fourteenth year he became governor-general of Shaanxi and Sichuan. Sangui marched from Hanzhong against Chongqing and then turned toward Guizhou. Tan Wen, Tan Hong, Tan Yi, and Liu Erhu held Zhongzhou and Wan County, then joined forces against Chongqing. Regional commanders Cheng Tingjun and Yan Ziming drove them off. Tan Wen again rallied the Thirteen Families against Chongqing. Guoying marched from Baoning to relieve the city and halted at Hejiang, where Tan Yi killed Tan Wen and submitted. Guoying entered the city to restore order, and Tan Hong followed with his generals Hao Chengyi and Chen Da in successive surrenders. Wen's troops still held Fu and Zhong prefectures until Guoying sent regional commander Wang Mingde to break them. In the seventeenth year Hao Chengyi seized Yazhou and rebelled again. Guoying marched to Jiading, advanced in three columns, broke through Zhuzhu Pass, pursued Chengyi to Lizhou, and captured him. In the eighteenth year Sichuan and Shaanxi each received their own governor-general, and Guoying was assigned to govern Sichuan exclusively.
4
康熙元年，明石泉王奉鋡攻敘州，國英討平之。 時搖旗、來亨、二虎、宗第等據茅麓山，出掠四川、湖廣、陝西錯壤諸州縣。 議三省合軍討之，國英疏言：「賊巢橫據險要，我師進攻，未能聯合。 宜豫會師期，分道併入，使賊三路受敵，彼此不暇兼顧。 一路既平，就近會師，賊可盡殲。」 上命將軍穆里瑪、圖海將禁旅討之，國英與西安將軍富喀禪、副都統都敏會剿。 明年，督兵進巫山，趨陳家坡，破二虎壘。 二虎走死，搖旗、宗第夜遁。 總兵梁加琦、佐領巴達世逐之至黃草坪，獲搖旗、宗第及所置吏洪育鰲等。 又遣總兵李良楨破小尖寨，獲明東安王盛蒗，叛將賀珍子道寧以所部降。 四年，疏言：「全川底定，裁留通省兵四萬五千名，以馬二、步一戰守各半定額。」 從之。 五年，卒，諡勤襄。 七年，追敘國英功，授世職一等阿思哈尼哈番。
In Kangxi 1 (1662) the Ming Prince of Shiquan, Feng Xia, attacked Xuzhou, and Guoying put down the rising. Hao Yaoqi, Li Laiheng, Liu Erhu, and Yuan Zongdi then held Maolu Mountain and raided the border counties where Sichuan, Huguang, and Shaanxi met. A joint campaign by the three provinces was proposed. Guoying wrote: "The rebels hold rugged ground in a wide arc; when our columns attack, they cannot link up. We should set a rendezvous date and advance on separate routes so the rebels face attack on three fronts and cannot shift forces between them. Once one column clears its sector, the armies can unite nearby and wipe the rebels out." The emperor ordered Generals Muli Ma and Tu Hai to lead the guards in the campaign, while Guoying coordinated with Xi'an General Fukatan and Vice Commander-in-chief Du Min. The following year he advanced through Wushan toward Chenjiapo and stormed Liu Erhu's stronghold. Erhu fled to his death while Yaoqi and Zongdi slipped away under cover of night. Regional commander Liang Jiaqi and company commander Badashi ran them down at Huangcaoping and took Yaoqi, Zongdi, and their appointee Hong Yu'ao among others. He also sent regional commander Li Liangzhen against Xiaojian Stockade, captured the Ming Prince of Dong'an Sheng Lang, and the rebel He Zhen's son Daoning surrendered with his troops. In the fourth year he wrote: "Sichuan is fully pacified. Keep forty-five thousand provincial troops on a two-to-one horse-to-foot ratio, split evenly between field and garrison duty." The court approved. He died in the fifth year and was given the posthumous name Qinxiang (Diligent and Assisting). In the seventh year his service was commemorated and his line received the hereditary rank of first-class Ashanihafan.
5
孫永昇，襲職。 雍正間，官南陽總兵。 坐事戍軍台。 世宗念國英前勞，召還，洊擢至工部尚書。 以永昇從子時敏襲職。 乾隆初，定封一等男。
His grandson Yongsheng inherited the hereditary post. Under Yongzheng he served as regional commander at Nanyang. After a conviction he was sent to garrison duty on the frontier. Mindful of Guoying's earlier service, the Yongzheng Emperor recalled him and promoted him step by step to Minister of Works. Yongsheng's nephew Shimin inherited the hereditary post in his place. Early in Qianlong the line was fixed at first-class baron.
6
劉武元，字鎮籓，漢軍鑲紅旗人，初籍遼東。 仕明官游擊，佐祖大壽守大凌河，天聰五年，從大壽出降。 崇德六年，授刑部參政。 順治元年，改授甲喇額真，予世職三等甲喇章京。 二年，授天津兵備道。 三年，擢南贛巡撫。 四年，遣副將劉伯祿、徐啟仁等剿捕瑞金、石城，興國、龍安，寧都、上猶諸州縣土寇，克魚骨、蓮花、丁田、鉤刀嘴諸寨，斬其渠葉南枝、劉志諭、劉飛等。
Liu Wuyuan (style Zhenfan), of the Han Army Bordered Red Banner, was originally registered in Liaodong. Under the Ming he was a battalion commander and helped his grandfather Zu Dashou hold Dalinghe; in Tiancong 5 (1631) he surrendered with Dashou. In Chongde 6 (1641) he was made Vice Minister of Justice. In Shunzhi 1 (1644) he became a jalan ejen and received the hereditary rank of third-class jalan janggin. In the second year he was made Tianjin military preparedness commissioner. In the third year he was promoted to governor of southern Jiangxi (Nan'gan). In the fourth year he sent deputy commanders Liu Bolu and Xu Qiren to suppress local bandits in Ruijin, Shicheng, Xingguo, Long'an, Ningdu, and Shangyou, took the stockades at Yugu, Lianhua, Dingtian, and Goudaozui, and executed ringleaders Ye Nanzhi, Liu Zhiyu, and Liu Fei.
7
五年正月，金聲桓、王得仁以南昌叛，江西諸郡縣皆附，外連閩、粵，贛州介其間。 武元召諸將歃血誓，得仁以二十萬人來攻，啟仁出降，圍合。 武元城守三月，糧盡，斥家財佐軍，勵士卒奮戰，遂破得仁兵。 得仁退屯東山，引武元空城出戰，將設伏邀擊。 武元知其謀，天未明，兵數百持炬為前驅，得仁兵望見，伏盡出，力戰，得仁中創遁。 聲桓聞我師至九江，謀退保南昌，武元出奇兵襲其後，敗之太湖港，斬獲無算。
In the first month of the fifth year Jin Shengwan and Wang Deren rebelled at Nanchang. Jiangxi's prefectures fell in behind them, they linked with Fujian and Guangdong, and Ganzhou stood in the middle. Wuyuan had his generals swear a blood oath. Deren attacked with two hundred thousand men, Qiren defected, and the siege closed around the city. Wuyuan held the city for three months. When grain ran out he poured out his family fortune for the troops, roused them to fight, and finally routed Deren's army. Deren fell back to Dongshan, baited Wuyuan out with an apparently empty city, and prepared an ambush. Wuyuan saw through the trap. Before dawn he sent several hundred men with torches as a vanguard; Deren's troops took the bait, the ambushers sprang out, and in the hard fighting Deren was wounded and fled. When Shengwan heard imperial troops had reached Jiujiang and planned to fall back on Nanchang, Wuyuan struck his rear with a surprise column, routed him at Taihu Harbor, and took a vast toll in killed and captured.
8
十月，叛將李成棟復來攻，眾號百萬。 武元先出兵數百撓之，夜縋城出死士劫破十餘壘，遂令諸將分兵東、西、南三門出戰，大破之，成棟以數騎走。 敘功，加右都御史，兼兵部侍郎，賜紫貂冠服、甲胄、佩刀、鞍馬。 六年，征南大將軍譚泰既克南昌，遣梅勒額真覺善等與武元會師，克信豐，成棟宵遁，墮水死。 武元分遣副將先啟玉、參將鮑虎、游擊左雲龍等捕成棟餘黨，定瑞金、雩都、崇義諸縣。 進攻梅嶺，破木城五，獲成棟將劉治國。
In the tenth month the rebel Li Chengdong attacked again with a host said to number a million. Wuyuan first sent out a few hundred men to skirmish, then at night lowered assault troops who stormed more than ten camps. He ordered his generals to sally from the east, west, and south gates, won a crushing victory, and Chengdong fled with only a handful of horsemen. For his merit he was made Censor-in-chief of the Right and Vice Minister of War and received a sable cap and robe, armor, sword, saddle, and horse. In the sixth year, after southern expedition commander Tan Tai took Nanchang, he sent meiren ejen Jueshan to join Wuyuan. They captured Xinfeng; Chengdong fled by night, fell into the river, and drowned. Wuyuan sent deputy commander Xian Qiyu, brigade commander Bao Hu, battalion commander Zuo Yunlong, and others to mop up Chengdong's remnants and secure Ruijin, Yudu, and Chongyi. He advanced on Meiling, stormed five wooden forts, and captured Chengdong's general Liu Zhiguo.
9
七年，平南王尚可喜徇廣東，師自南安入，武元遣副將栗養志以兵從，克南雄、韶州二府。 又遣副將高進庫，游擊楊繼、洪起元等剿寧都土寇彭順慶，副將楊遇明、劉伯祿、賈熊、董大用等剿大庾土寇羅榮。 順慶應聲桓為亂，自號軍門，窺伺郡邑； 榮自明季倡亂楚、粵間，自號五軍都督，聚眾數万，阻山結寨二十餘，四出劫掠：至是皆就戮。 敘功，加太子太保、兵部尚書。 遇恩詔，進世職一等阿達哈哈番又一拖沙喇哈番。 十年，引疾還京。 十一年，卒，贈少保，諡明靖。
In the seventh year Prince of Pingnan Shang Kexi campaigned in Guangdong. The army entered from Nan'an; Wuyuan sent deputy commander Li Yangzhi in support, and they took Nanxiong and Shaozhou. He also sent deputy commander Gao Jinku and battalion commanders Yang Ji and Hong Qiyuan against the Ningdu bandit Peng Shunqing, and deputy commanders Yang Yuming, Liu Bolu, Jia Xiong, and Dong Dayong against the Dayu bandit Luo Rong. Peng Shunqing had joined Shengwan's revolt, styled himself Military Gate, and eyed the surrounding prefectures; Luo Rong had raised trouble between Huguang and Guangdong since the late Ming, called himself Commander-in-chief of the Five Armies, mustered tens of thousands in more than twenty mountain stockades, and raided widely—all were put to death on this occasion. For his merit he was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and Minister of War. On an amnesty edict his line was raised to first-class Adahafan with an additional Tosahafan. In the tenth year he pleaded illness and returned to Beijing. He died in the eleventh year and was posthumously made Junior Guardian with the posthumous name Mingjing (Bright and Tranquil).
10
瀇，武元長子，襲職。 疏請追敘武元贛州全城功，進二等阿思哈尼哈番。 官至副都統。
Yuan, his eldest son, inherited the hereditary post. He petitioned to commemorate Wuyuan's defense of Ganzhou, and the line was raised to second-class Ashanihafan. He rose to vice commander-in-chief.
11
浩，武元次子。 康熙間，官廣西潯州知府。 孫延齡叛，城陷被戕，並及其子中樞、中梁、中柱、中楫。 事聞，贈太僕卿。
Hao was Wuyuan's second son. Under Kangxi he was prefect of Xunzhou in Guangxi. When Sun Yanling rebelled the city fell and he was slain, together with his sons Zhongshu, Zhongliang, Zhongzhu, and Zhongji. When word reached the court he was posthumously made Minister of the Imperial Stud.
12
庫禮，喜塔臘氏，滿洲正白旗人。 太祖創業初，其四世祖昂果都理巴顏來歸。 庫禮事太宗。
Ku Li of the Xitala clan was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner. In the earliest days of the Taizu's rise, his fourth-generation ancestor Anguoduli Bayan submitted. Ku Li served the Taizong (Hong Taiji).
13
崇德初，徵朝鮮兵從征伐，命庫禮將其軍。 五年，睿親王多爾袞等伐明，圍錦州。 上遣戶部參政碩詹使朝鮮，發水師五千人、米萬斛詣大凌河，庫禮與梅勒額真洪尼哈將三十人導。 六年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗圍錦州，克其郛，斬八百餘級。 復與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦薩穆什喀攻松山北崖，庫禮以朝鮮兵二百餘先登。 科爾沁部人或降於明，發砲中庫禮手，庫禮不為動，督戰益力，卒破明兵。 攻松山，明兵擊正紅、鑲藍二旗分守地，庫禮與左翼將領勒卜忒擊之，明兵引卻。 以功授世職牛錄章京，賚所獲牲畜。 七年，擢戶部參政。
Early in Chongde Korean troops were called up for the campaigns, and Ku Li was placed in command. In the fifth year Prince Rui Dorgon and others invaded the Ming and besieged Jinzhou. The emperor sent Vice Minister of Revenue Shuozhan to Korea to raise five thousand sailors and ten thousand hu of grain for Dalinghe; Ku Li and meiren ejen Hongniha guided them with thirty men. In the sixth year he joined Prince Zheng Jirhala at Jinzhou, took the outer defenses, and killed more than eight hundred of the enemy. He again joined gabushi xian Samushka against the north cliff of Songshan, and Ku Li led more than two hundred Korean troops in the first ascent. Some Khorchin tribesmen had gone over to the Ming and a cannon ball struck Ku Li's hand, but he did not flinch, pressed the fight harder, and finally routed the Ming force. During the assault on Songshan, Ming troops hit the sectors held by the Bordered Red and Bordered Blue Banners; Ku Li and left-wing commander Lebute counterattacked and drove them back. For his service he received the hereditary rank of niru janggin and a grant of livestock from the spoils. In the seventh year he was promoted to Vice Minister of Revenue.
14
順治初，改戶部侍郎。 論定都功，加半個前程。 旋坐阿豫親王多鐸指，集視八旗女子，論罰鍰。 二年，命如淮安總理漕儲。 四年九月，鹽城土寇竊發，庫禮與漕運總督楊聲遠親往撫慰。 未幾，其渠周文山等以八百人夜襲淮安，自夾城東門缺口入，攻庫禮官廨。 庫禮率中軍張大治、旗鼓王國印將帳下卒數十人御之，其妻盡出廨儲矢，僕婢齎送助戰，眾皆一當百，自醜至辰，所殺傷過當。 文山等潰走，逐斬百八十餘級，盡收其印劄、軍械，城賴以全。
Early in Shunzhi he became Vice Minister of Revenue. For his part in establishing the capital he received half a qian-cheng advancement in rank. Soon afterward Prince Yu Dorgon accused him of assembling Banner women for inspection, and he was fined. In the second year he was sent to Huai'an to oversee the grain transport system. In the ninth month of the fourth year bandits rose in Yancheng; Ku Li and grain transport governor-general Yang Shengyuan went in person to pacify the region. Before long their leader Zhou Wenshan led eight hundred men in a night raid on Huai'an, broke in through a gap at the barbican's east gate, and assaulted Ku Li's yamen. Ku Li led Central Army Zhang Dazhi and standard-bearer Wang Guoyin with a few dozen household troops to hold them off. His wife emptied the yamen's arrow stores; servants and maids ferried ammunition to the fight. Each defender fought like a hundred from the chou hour until chen, and the enemy's losses were staggering. Wenshan's men broke and fled; the pursuers cut down more than one hundred eighty of them, seized their seals, credentials, and arms, and the city was saved.
15
有稱明益王者，奉唐王聿鍵隆武號，屯廟灣，有眾數千、舟百餘，將攻淮安，庫禮與聲遠等計，設伏以待。 敵舟揚帆直上，至車家橋，伏發，水陸夾擊，敵死者過半，餘眾走還廟灣。 固山額真張大猷、巡撫陳之龍以師從之，敵據劉莊場，為屯凡十，以次剿撫，旬日乃盡定。 考滿，進三等阿達哈哈番。 尋召還。
A man claiming to be the Ming Prince Yiwang, upholding the Longwu reign of the Tang prince Zhu Yujian, held Miaowan with several thousand men and over a hundred boats and was poised to strike Huai'an. Ku Li and Yang Shengyuan laid an ambush. The enemy fleet sailed upstream to Chejia Bridge, where the trap was sprung. Land and river forces struck together; more than half were killed and the rest fled back to Miaowan. Gushan ejen Zhang Dayou and governor Chen Zhilong followed with troops. The enemy held Liuzhuangchang in ten camps, which were subdued one by one until all was quiet within ten days. When his term review ended, he was raised to third-class Adahafan. He was soon recalled to the capital.
16
七年，致仕，復進一等阿達哈哈番加拖沙喇哈番。 卒，諡僖恪。
In the seventh year he retired and was again promoted to first-class Adahafan with an additional Tosahafan. He died and was given the posthumous name Xike (Joyful and Respectful).
17
胡全才，山西文水人。 明崇禎進士，官兵部主事。 順治元年，固山額真葉臣定山西，疏薦，起原官。 二年，自郎中授陝西漢羌道，駐漢中。 時叛將賀珍為亂，全才上官，撫綏彫瘵，安集流亡。 招明將趙光遠部曲齊升、王明德、李世勳等來降，盡收其軍械，與知府楊可經等練士卒，聚芻糧為備。 珍突至圍城，升等奮勇衝擊，世勳中流矢死。 城守三十餘日，援師至，珍遁走，漢中得全。 工部侍郎趙京仕疏言漢中重地，宜設巡撫，且薦全才才稱仕。
Hu Quancai was a native of Wenshui, Shanxi. A jinshi of the Chongzhen reign, he had been a principal secretary in the Ming Ministry of War. In Shunzhi 1, after gushan ejen Ye Chen pacified Shanxi, Quancai was recommended and restored to his former post. In the second year he moved from director to Han-Qiang circuit intendant in Shaanxi, based at Hanzhong. The rebel He Zhen was then in revolt. Quancai took office, soothed the war-ravaged region, and resettled refugees. He induced Zhao Guangyuan's followers Qi Sheng, Wang Mingde, and Li Shixun to surrender, seized their arms, and with prefect Yang Kejing drilled troops and stockpiled grain and fodder. Zhen suddenly appeared and besieged the city. Qi Sheng led a fierce sortie, but Li Shixun was killed by an arrow. The city held for more than thirty days until relief arrived; Zhen fled and Hanzhong was saved. Vice Minister of Works Zhao Jingshi argued that Hanzhong was strategically vital and needed a governor, and that Quancai was fit for the post.
18
三年，擢寧夏巡撫。 四年，疏請頒本朝律典及性理、通鑑諸書，令士子誦習。 又疏言：「寧夏舊額兵三萬有奇，設總兵及中軍副將分統之。 其後兵裁及半，罷中軍副將。 往者總兵應徵發，叛將王元遂乘隙戕巡撫焦安民為亂。 宜復舊制，廣兵額，設中軍，調徵興慶副將馬寧嘗擒斬王元，請仍補斯缺。」 下部議，並如所請。 元黨馬德既降复叛，全才與總兵劉芳名發兵討誅之。 語詳芳名傳。 是歲山、陝蝗見，全才為捕蝗法授州縣吏，蝗至，如法捕輒盡，不傷稼。 因以其法上聞，命傳示諸直省。
In the third year he became governor of Ningxia. In the fourth year he asked that the dynasty's code and standard texts—the Neo-Confucian classics and Comprehensive Mirror—be distributed for scholars to study. He also wrote: "Ningxia once fielded a little over thirty thousand troops under a regional commander and a central-army deputy commander. Later the force was halved and the central-army deputy post was abolished. When the regional commander was called away on campaign, the rebel Wang Yuan had killed Governor Jiao Anmin and rebelled. He urged restoring the old system, expanding the rolls, reinstating the central-army command, and recalling Xingqing deputy commander Ma Ning, who had once captured and killed Wang Yuan, to fill the vacancy." The ministries approved every point. Wang Yuan's follower Ma De had submitted and rebelled again; Quancai and regional commander Liu Fangming marched out and put him to death. The full account appears in Fangming's biography. Locusts appeared that year in Shaanxi and Shanxi. Quancai taught officials his locust-catching method; when swarms came, they were destroyed without crop damage. He reported the method to the throne, and the court ordered it circulated to every province.
19
初，全才任漢羌道時，令凡受賀珍劄付者，許自首，仍予劄付如其官。 旋揭告漢羌總兵尤可望苛罰冒餉，藏匿偽官，可望即以擅給劄付訐全才，並坐罷。 全才詣部自陳，部議以全才功大罪小，复除江西饒南道。
Earlier, as Han-Qiang intendant, he had allowed anyone holding He Zhen's credentials to surrender and keep equivalent appointments. He then exposed regional commander You Kewang for extortion, padded rolls, and sheltering false officials. Kewang retaliated by accusing Quancai of issuing credentials without authority, and Quancai was dismissed. Quancai pleaded his case at the ministry, which ruled his service outweighed his fault and reappointed him to Raonan circuit in Jiangxi.
20
十年，經略洪承疇奏薦，令從征湖南。 尋命撫治鄖陽，提督軍務。 李自成將郝搖旗、劉體純等降於明，及明桂王走南徼，遂屯聚房、竹群山間為盜。 全才分兵扼衝要，馳察穀城、南漳諸地形勢，檄諸將進討，戰屢勝。 十三年，明桂王所置總兵李企晟入鄖陽，與搖旗等合，全才遣諸將硃光祚等密捕之，執企晟。 旋擢湖廣總督，卒官，贈兵部尚書，諡勤毅。
In the tenth year Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou recommended him for the Hunan campaign. He was soon made administrator of Xunyang with authority over military affairs. Li Zicheng's generals Hao Yaoqi and Liu Tichun had gone over to the Ming; when the Prince of Gui fled south, they turned bandit in the Fang and Zhu Mountains. Quancai blocked the key passes, reconnoitered Gucheng and Nanzhang, ordered his generals forward, and won repeated victories. In the thirteenth year the Ming Prince of Gui's appointee Li Qisheng entered Xunyang and joined Yaoqi. Quancai's generals Zhu Guangzuo and others seized him in a covert operation. He was soon made governor-general of Huguang, died in office, and was posthumously honored as Minister of War with the name Qinyi (Diligent and Resolute).
21
申朝紀，漢軍鑲藍旗人，初籍遼東。 天聰八年，授刑部啟心郎。 文館硃延慶疏陳時事，薦朝紀溫雅正直，練達世務，處家儉，守身約，訥言敏行，足任鴻鉅。 崇德元年，賜人戶、牲畜。
Shen Chaoji, of the Han Army Bordered Blue Banner, was originally registered in Liaodong. In Tiancong 8 he became a censorial secretary in the Ministry of Justice. Zhu Yanqing of the Literary Institute praised current affairs and recommended Chaoji as upright, experienced, frugal, disciplined, reserved yet decisive—fit for high office. In Chongde 1 he received households and livestock as grants.
22
順治元年，授河南河北道，駐懷慶，李自成之黨二萬餘來犯，朝紀登陴守禦，晝夜不少懈，有渠乘白馬薄壕，麾眾攻城，朝紀舉砲殪之，賊悉驚竄。 二年，遷江南布政使，擢山西巡撫。 三年，疏言：「驛遞累民，始自明季，計糧養馬，按畝役夫。 臣禁革驛遞濫應、里甲私派。 請飭勒石各驛，永遠遵守，俾毋蹈前轍。」 又疏言：「各省驛站銀舊額十五萬有奇，明季裁充兵餉。 驛費不足，輒私派於民。 請敕部復原額。」 又疏言：「賦役全書應裁、應留諸項，請覈實詳酌，俾有司不得私徵濫派。」 疏並下部議行。 四年，陽城民王希堯、賈國昌等以邪教倡亂，朝紀遣中軍都司白璧同冀南道武延祚率兵捕治，悉誅希堯、國昌等。 汾州營卒李本清、任自興等據永寧銅柱寨為亂，朝紀赴汾州，遣冀寧道王昌齡等率兵捕治，獲本清等，焚其寨。 寧鄉民楊春暢等復以左道據冷泉寨為亂，朝紀遣平陽副將范承宗等討平之，擢宣大山西總督。 五年，卒。
In Shunzhi 1 he was made intendant of Henan north of the Yellow River at Huaiqing. More than twenty thousand of Li Zicheng's men attacked; Chaoji held the walls day and night. A chief on a white horse pressed the moat and ordered the assault; Chaoji's cannon killed him and the rebels scattered in panic. In the second year he became Jiangnan administration commissioner and then Shanxi governor. In the third year he wrote: "The courier system has burdened the people since the late Ming, with grain levies for horses and labor assessed by acreage. I have banned unauthorized courier demands and private levies by village heads. I ask that each post inscribe these rules in stone and observe them permanently so past abuses are not repeated." He also noted that provincial courier funds had totaled more than one hundred fifty thousand taels before the late Ming cuts diverted them to military pay. Shortfalls were made up by illegal levies on the people. He asked the ministry to restore the original allocation. He also urged a careful audit of items in the Complete Book of Tax and Labor so local officials could not levy private surcharges. All three memorials were referred to the ministries and enacted. In the fourth year Wang Xiyao and Jia Guochang of Yangcheng raised a cult rebellion. Chaoji sent Central Army Commander Bai Bi with Ji'nan intendant Wu Yanzuo to suppress them and executed the ringleaders. Fenzhou garrison troops Li Benqing and Ren Zixing seized Tongzhu Stockade at Yongning. Chaoji went to Fenzhou, sent Jining intendant Wang Changling against them, captured the leaders, and burned the stockade. Ningxiang's Yang Chunchang again raised a heterodox sect at Lengquan Stockade. Chaoji sent Pingyang deputy commander Fan Chengzong to crush them and was promoted to Xuanda-Shanxi governor-general. He died in the fifth year.
23
延慶，漢軍鑲黃旗人。 入關，官至江西巡撫。
Yanqing was of the Han Army Bordered Yellow Banner. After the conquest he became governor of Jiangxi.
24
順治間，治山、陝著績效者，又有馬之先、劉弘遇。
Other notable Shaanxi and Shanxi administrators of the Shunzhi era were Ma Zhixian and Liu Hongyu.
25
馬之先，漢軍鑲藍旗人，初籍金州衛。 順治初，以諸生授昌平知州。 四遷至湖廣布政使。 七年，授江西巡撫。 土寇王才據終南山肆掠，之先遣游擊陳明順等自子午鎮進剿，才竄走，敗之高關峪，又敗之化羊峪，獲才。 又捕治諸盜何紫山、孫守金、唐珍玉等。 十一年，自成餘黨劉二虎、郝搖旗等侵入陝西境，之先與漢興總兵趙光興發兵三道迎擊，破小廣峪寨，斬其將傅奇，遷宣大山西總督。 十三年，調川陝總督，加兵部尚書，入覲，上諭之曰：「陝西天下嚥喉，爾當視孟喬芳倍加勤慎，方克有濟。」 十四年，卒，諡勤僖。
Ma Zhixian of the Han Army Bordered Blue Banner was originally registered in Jinzhou Guard. Early in Shunzhi the licentiate was made magistrate of Changping. Four promotions brought him to Huguang administration commissioner. In the seventh year he became governor of Jiangxi. Bandit Wang Cai raided from Zhongnan Mountain. Zhixian sent Chen Mingshun from Ziwu Town in pursuit, routed him at Gaoguanyu and Huayangyu, and captured him. He also rounded up bandits He Zishan, Sun Shoujin, Tang Zhenyu, and others. In the eleventh year Liu Erhu and Hao Yaoqi invaded Shaanxi. Zhixian and Zhao Guangxing met them in three columns, stormed Xiaoguangyu Stockade, killed their general Fu Qi, and Zhixian was made Xuanda-Shanxi governor-general. In the thirteenth year he became Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general and Minister of War. At audience the emperor told him: "Shaanxi is the empire's throat. You must be twice as diligent as Meng Qiaofang if you are to succeed." He died in the fourteenth year with the posthumous name Qinxi (Diligent and Joyful).
26
劉弘遇，漢軍正藍旗人，初籍遼東。 與弟奇遇，並以諸生入祖大壽幕，佐軍諮。 天命間，太祖伐明，次三岔河，弘遇與奇遇挈家來歸，籍明諸邊兵馬數目，並畫戰守事陳奏。 上曰：「得廣寧，當官汝！」 久之未用。 崇德元年，上疏乞自效，命大學士範文程等試之，授弘文院副理事官。
Liu Hongyu of the Han Army Bordered Blue Banner was originally registered in Liaodong. He and his younger brother Qiyu, both licentiates, joined Zu Dashou's staff as military advisers. During Tianming, as the Taizu campaigned against the Ming at Sancha River, Hongyu and Qiyu submitted with their families, tallied Ming border forces, and presented attack and defense plans. The emperor said: "When we take Guangning, I will give you office!" For a long time he went unused. In Chongde 1 he offered his service, passed tests by Fan Wencheng and others, and became associate director of the Hongwen Institute.
27
順治元年，譯遼、金、元三史成，賜白金、鞍馬。 尋授工部理事官，遷山西朔州道。 二年，與副將侯大節等捕治蔣家峪、黑草嘴土寇，擢陝西布政使。 五年，授安徽巡撫。 金聲桓叛江西，皖北盜蜂起。 弘遇如池州，分遣鎮將逐捕盜渠王貳甫等，移駐安慶，與總督馬國柱捕治英山、霍山、潛山諸盜，得其渠孔文燦等，餘盜悉平。 六年，裁缺召還。
In Shunzhi 1 the Liao, Jin, and Yuan histories were completed in translation, and he received silver, a saddle, and a horse. He soon became a Works Ministry director and was moved to Shuozhou circuit in Shanxi. In the second year he and deputy commander Hou Dajie suppressed bandits at Jiangjiayu and Heicaozui and was promoted to Shaanxi administration commissioner. In the fifth year he became governor of Anhui. When Jin Shengwan rebelled in Jiangxi, bandits flared across northern Anhui. Hongyu went to Chizhou, sent commanders after Wang Erfu, moved to Anqing, and with governor-general Ma Guozhu cleared bandits in Yingshan, Huoshan, and Qianshan, taking chief Kong Wencan until the rest were pacified. In the sixth year his post was cut and he was recalled.
28
七年，授山西巡撫。 時姜瓖亂初定，其黨竄匿保德、五台、府谷諸縣山谷間。 弘遇請免逋賦，甦驛困，矜卹諸死事家。 又疏言：「兵後民田荒蕪殆盡，前此師討姜瓖，竭蹶供芻糧。 今捕治餘寇，日需輸輓。 值二麥未收，秋禾遇蝗災，農失耕時。」 得旨，下所司蠲賑。 又與總督佟養量、總兵剛阿泰剿五台山寇劉永忠、高鼎，降陝西土寇楊茂。
In the seventh year he became governor of Shanxi. Jiang Xiang's rebellion had just ended, and his followers hid in the mountains of Baode, Wutai, Fugu, and neighboring counties. Hongyu sought tax remissions, relief for exhausted courier stations, and pensions for families of the dead. He also wrote: "After the war the fields lie largely fallow; earlier campaigns against Jiang Xiang had exhausted the people supplying fodder. Now suppressing remnant bandits requires daily transport. The second wheat crop is not in, autumn grain has been hit by locusts, and farmers have missed the plowing season." The throne ordered the relevant offices to remit taxes and provide relief. With governor-general Tong Yangliang and regional commander Gangatai he suppressed Wutai bandits Liu Yongzhong and Gao Ding and induced Shaanxi bandit Yang Mao to surrender.
29
弘遇撫山西四年，建忠烈祠祀守土諸臣死姜瓖亂者，並修太原、陽曲學宮，築汾河諸堤，山西民誦其惠。 旋以捕治土寇未入奏即籍沒，給事中張璿論弘遇專擅，尋奉詔甄別督撫，弘遇左授福建督糧道。 十八年，卒。
In four years as Shanxi governor he built a martyrs' shrine for officials killed in Jiang Xiang's revolt, restored Taiyuan and Yangqu school temples, and built Fen River dikes; Shanxi people praised his benevolence. He was then impeached by censor Zhang Xuan for confiscating bandit property before reporting it. In a general review of governors he was demoted to Fujian grain transport commissioner. He died in the eighteenth year.
30
於時躍，漢軍正白旗人，初籍廣寧。 順治二年，以諸生授安徽合肥知縣。 尋遷河南懷慶知府。 四年，擢河南道。 靈寶、盧氏二縣寇發，時躍與副將寇徽音、游擊孔國養等入山捕治，破其寨，斬寇渠劉芳、張進澤、張三桂等，寇乃平。 七年，遷山西按察使。 時躍善聽訟，訟至即定讞，民稱之曰於不落。 九年，遷山西布政使。 坐在陝西薦舉屬吏失當，左遷。 經略洪承疇薦其才，命赴軍前效用。 尋复薦補湖廣驛鹽道。
Yu Shiyue of the Han Army Bordered White Banner was originally registered in Guangning. In Shunzhi 2 the licentiate was made magistrate of Hefei in Anhui. He was soon made prefect of Huaiqing in Henan. In the fourth year he became Henan circuit intendant. When bandits rose in Lingbao and Lushi, Shiyue with Kou Huiyin and Kong Guoyang stormed their mountain camps and executed chiefs Liu Fang, Zhang Jinze, and Zhang Sangui until the region was quiet. In the seventh year he became Shanxi surveillance commissioner. Shiyue was famed for swift judgments; the people nicknamed him "Yu Never Fails" because cases left his court decided on the spot. In the ninth year he became Shanxi administration commissioner. He was demoted for faulty recommendations of subordinates while in Shaanxi. Hong Chengchou recommended him, and he was ordered to the front. He was soon reappointed to Huguang courier and salt intendant.
31
十二年，超擢廣西巡撫。 明宗人盛濃、盛添據富川，結土寇王心、蔣乾相等，勼集瑤、僮，窺旁近郡縣。 時躍會提督線國安、總兵全節討平之。 十三年，明將龍韜屯柳州，時躍密約國安與定南王護衛李茹春、總兵溫如珍等，督兵攻之，陣斬韜，逐北三十餘裡，餘眾悉遁。 十四年，師下雲南，時躍疏請賓州設兵防守，並分屯柳州備策應，下所司議行。 明桂王由榔號召諸降附土寇，假以公侯，分據郡縣：鬱林則李勝、李喬華，懷集則何奎豹、李盛功，富川、賀縣則馬寶、梁忠，南寧、太平則賀凡儀、曹友，並倚險為巢，四出侵掠。 僮寇羅法達、廖仁倫等復擾臨桂、永福、荔浦、修仁諸縣。 時躍親督兵捕治，所陷城邑次第克復，敘加都察院副都御史。 十八年，擢廣西總督。 明德陽王至濬走安南，時躍招使來降。 敘功，加右都御史。 康熙二年，卒。
In the twelfth year he was exceptionally promoted to governor of Guangxi. Ming kinsmen Sheng Nong and Sheng Tian held Fuchuan, allied with bandits Wang Xin and Jiang Ganxiang, rallied Yao and Zhuang tribes, and menaced neighboring prefectures. Shiyue joined grand coordinator Xian Guo'an and regional commander Quan Jie to suppress them. In the thirteenth year Ming general Long Tao held Liuzhou. Shiyue coordinated with Guo'an, Li Ruchun, and Wen Ruzhen, killed Tao in battle, pursued him thirty li, and routed his force. In the fourteenth year, as troops advanced on Yunnan, he asked for garrisons at Binzhou and Liuzhou; the ministries approved. The Ming Prince of Gui Zhu Youlang rallied surrendered bandits with bogus noble titles: Li Sheng and Li Qiaohua in Yulin, He Kuibao and Li Shengong in Huaiji, Ma Bao and Liang Zhong in Fuchuan and Hexian, He Fanyi and Cao You in Nanning and Taiping—all raided from mountain strongholds. Zhuang bandits Luo Fada and Liao Renlun again harassed Lingui, Yongfu, Lipu, and Xiuren. Shiyue led the suppression in person; lost cities were recovered one by one, and he was made vice censor-in-chief of the left. In the eighteenth year he became governor-general of Guangxi. The Ming Prince of Yang Zhu Zhijun fled to Annam; Shiyue induced his surrender. For his merit he was made censor-in-chief of the right. He died in Kangxi 2.
32
蘇弘祖，漢軍正紅旗人，初籍遼陽。 崇德三年，以舉人授戶部啟心郎，賜朝衣一襲，免丁四。 八年，考滿，授世職牛錄章京。 順治初，授河南河北道。 累遷陝西布政使，世職累進三等阿達哈哈番。 十年，坐計典失實，左授福建福寧道。 十三年，遷左僉都御史。 十五年，授南贛巡撫。 十七年，雩都寇發，弘祖斥資造火器，遣兵搗其巢，擒其渠李玉廷。 別有土寇謝上逵、羅一鑑、徐黃毛等，據廣東平遠五指石，界連閩、贛。 弘祖發兵討之，上逵詐降，潛走匿紅畬。 弘祖遣將李宗韜以計擒斬一鑑、黃毛等七人，夜進兵，逐賊至柑子窩中木溪，毀五指石寨，攻紅畬，賊縛上逵獻，斬之。 十八年，遣游擊王把什捕治廣昌土寇，乘雨攻不備，破滴水、羊石二寨，斬千餘級，擒其渠幸連升、蕭來信。 康熙元年，甄別督撫，弘祖解任。 三年，卒。
Su Hongzu of the Han Army Bordered Red Banner was originally registered in Liaoyang. In Chongde 3 the provincial graduate became a Revenue Ministry censorial secretary and received a court robe and corvée exemptions. In the eighth year his review earned him the hereditary rank of niru janggin. Early in Shunzhi he became Henan north-of-the-Yellow River intendant. He rose to Shaanxi administration commissioner, and his line advanced to third-class Adahafan. In the tenth year he was demoted to Funing circuit in Fujian for errors in examination records. In the thirteenth year he became left vice censor-in-chief. In the fifteenth year he became governor of southern Jiangxi. In the seventeenth year Yudu bandits rose. Hongzu funded firearms, stormed their lair, and captured chief Li Yuting. Other bandits Xie Shangkui, Luo Yijian, and Xu Huangmao held Wuzhishi in Guangdong's Pingyuan on the Fujian-Jiangxi border. Hongzu attacked them; Shangkui feigned surrender and hid among the Red She people. Li Zongtao trapped and killed Yijian, Huangmao, and seven others. Night columns destroyed Wuzhishi Stockade, broke the Red She, and the rebels delivered Shangkui for execution. In the eighteenth year Wang Bash stormed Guangchang bandits in the rain, took Dingshui and Yangshi stockades, killed over a thousand, and captured chiefs Xing Liansheng and Xiao Laixin. In Kangxi 1 the governor review relieved him of office. He died in the third year.
33
吳景道，漢軍正黃旗人，初籍遼東廣寧衛。 天聰間，授吏部啟心郎。 崇德元年，改都察院理事官。 疏劾刑部理事官郎位貪污不法狀，鞫實，黜郎位，追贓貸死。 郎位銜景道甚，誘都察院筆帖式李民表與同居，訐景道，鞫虛，民表坐誅，籍郎位半產。 景道以不察民表違禁移居他旗，罰如例。 景道疏論睿親王多爾袞專擅，坐奪官。
Wu Jingdao of the Han Army Bordered Yellow Banner was originally registered in Guangning Guard, Liaodong. During Tiancong he became a Personnel Ministry censorial secretary. In Chongde 1 he became a Censorate director. He impeached Justice Ministry director Lang Wei for corruption; the case was proved, Wei was dismissed, his gains were recovered, and he was spared execution. Wei hated Jingdao, induced clerk Li Minbiao to denounce him, but the charge failed; Minbiao was executed and half of Wei's estate was seized. Jingdao was fined for not detecting Minbiao's illegal move to another Banner. He memorialized against Prince Rui Dorgon's usurpation of authority and lost his post.
34
順治二年，起授河南布政使，擢巡撫。 時河北初定，河南五府餘寇未靖。 寶豐宋養氣、新野陳蛟、商城黃景運等各聚數千人，侵掠城邑。 景道檄總兵高第、副將沈朝華等分道捕治，誅養氣等。 四年，鄖陽土寇王光泰率千餘人犯淅川，景道遣參將尤見等與總兵張應祥合兵擊卻之。 五年，羅山土寇張其倫據雞籠山寨，出掠，景道遣都司硃國強、佟文煥等督兵討之，破寨，擒戮其倫，併其黨硃智明、趙虎山等。 曹縣土寇範慎行等煽寧陵、商丘、考城、虞城、儀封、蘭陽、祥符、封丘諸縣土寇，並起為盜，屯黃河北岸。 景道檄第督兵討之，寇退保長垣，第以師從之，寇走蘭陽。 景道遣文煥督兵追擊，斬千餘級。 薄曹縣，寇列柵拒守。 景道檄總兵孔希貴自衛輝道肥城，斷寇東走路。 游擊趙世泰、都司韓進等率精騎分道夾擊，戰於東明，殲寇數千，獲慎行誅之，餘眾悉潰散。 敘功，加兵部侍郎。 七年，進尚書。 八年，商州土寇何紫山等掠盧氏，夜襲世泰營，第督兵扼擊，走商南。 景道檄應祥督兵討之，寇盡殲。 九年，以塞汴河決口，與河道總督楊方興同賜鞍馬、冠服。 十年，以老疾乞休。 十三年，卒，贈太子太保，諡愨僖。
In Shunzhi 2 he was restored as Henan administration commissioner and made governor. Hebei was newly pacified, but bandits still troubled Henan's five prefectures. Song Yangqi of Baofeng, Chen Jiao of Xinye, and Huang Jingyun of Shangcheng each mustered thousands and raided towns. Jingdao sent Gao Di and Shen Chaohua in separate columns to suppress them and executed the ringleaders. In the fourth year Wang Guangtai of Xunyang invaded Xichuan with over a thousand men; Jingdao and Zhang Yingxiang drove him off. In the fifth year Zhang Qilun held Jilong Mountain Stockade. Zhu Guoqiang and Tong Wenhuan stormed it, executed Qilun, and took Zhu Zhiming and Zhao Hushan. Fan Shenxing of Caoxian stirred bandits across eight counties to rise and camp on the Yellow River's north bank. Jingdao ordered Di against them; the bandits fell back to Changyuan, then fled to Lanyang under pursuit. Wenhuan pursued and killed more than a thousand. Near Caoxian the bandits palisaded their camp. Jingdao sent Kong Xigui from Weihui through Feicheng to block their eastern escape. Zhao Shitai and Han Jin struck from both flanks at Dongming, annihilated thousands, executed Shenxing, and scattered the rest. For his merit he was made Vice Minister of War. In the seventh year he became a full minister. In the eighth year He Zishan raided Lushi and night-attacked Shitai's camp; Di drove them to Shangnan. Jingdao sent Zhang Yingxiang to finish them off. In the ninth year he and river works governor-general Yang Fangxing received saddles, horses, and robes for sealing the Bian River breach. In the tenth year he retired on grounds of age and illness. He died in the thirteenth year and was posthumously made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the name Mixi (Sincere and Joyful).
35
李日芃，漢軍正藍旗人，初籍遼陽。 太宗時，命以諸生入內院理事，賜五戶。 順治元年，授永平知府。 三年，遷霸州兵備道。 授知州張儒策，諭降土寇李振宇等數百人，擢僉都御史。 四年，加右副都御史，授操江巡撫。 金聲桓以江西叛，日芃親督兵屯小孤山磨盤洲，令同知趙廷臣、參將汪義、游擊袁誠等迎擊。 五年，戰於彭澤，得舟二十餘，寇中砲及溺死者無算。 六年，裁安徽巡撫，命日芃攝其事。 土寇餘尚鑑挾明宗室統錡H0聲桓餘黨據險為二十餘寨，掠桐城、潛山、太湖諸縣。 日芃遣副將梁大用等督兵討之，克皖澗寨，進圍飛旗寨，斷水道，分兵四路合擊，拔之。 又破桃圍等寨，擒戮統錡、尚鑑，餘大小和山等十八寨皆降。 九年，加兵部侍郎。 十年，討平徽州赤嶺土寇張惟良。 十一年，甄別直省督撫，加兵部尚書。 明將張名振屢自海入江犯鎮江、瓜州，劫漕艘。 日芃令於鎮江檀家洲測江水，淺則植椿，深則編筏，環以鐵索，阻來舟。 兩岸置砲，南自鎮江至圌山，北自瓜洲至三江口，建新堤，設木橋，通巡兵往來。 令圌山、瓜洲等四營守備更番督水師防禦。 五里置一汛，譏察詳密。 諸寇匿江為藪，俘斬略盡。 十二年，加太子太保。 旋卒，諡忠敏。
Li Ripeng of the Han Army Bordered Blue Banner was originally registered in Liaoyang. Under the Taizong he entered the Inner Court as a licentiate and received five households. In Shunzhi 1 he became prefect of Yongping. In the third year he became Bazhou military preparedness commissioner. Through magistrate Zhang Ruce he induced hundreds of bandits led by Li Zhenyu to surrender and was promoted to vice censor-in-chief. In the fourth year he became right vice censor-in-chief and Caojiang governor. When Jin Shengwan rebelled in Jiangxi, Ripeng encamped at Mopanzhou on Xiaogu Mountain and ordered Zhao Tingchen, Wang Yi, and Yuan Cheng to intercept him. At Pengze in the fifth year he captured more than twenty boats; cannon and drowning took a countless toll. In the sixth year, when the Anhui governorship was cut, Ripeng administered the province pro tempore. Bandit Yu Shangjian, backed by Ming clansman Tong Qi and Shengwan's remnants, held more than twenty mountain stockades and raided Tongcheng, Qianshan, and Taihu. Ripeng sent Liang Dayong against them, took Wan Stream Stockade, besieged Feiqi Stockade, cut its water supply, and stormed it from four directions. He broke Taowei and other stockades, executed Tong Qi and Shangjian, and eighteen remaining stockades at Daheshan surrendered. In the ninth year he was made Vice Minister of War. In the tenth year he suppressed Zhang Weiliang's Chiling bandits in Huizhou. In the eleventh year the governor review made him Minister of War. Ming general Zhang Mingzhen repeatedly raided from the sea into the Yangtze at Zhenjiang and Guazhou and seized grain transports. At Zhenjiang's Tanjiazhou he measured the river: piles where it was shallow, chained rafts where it was deep, to block enemy craft. He mounted guns on both banks from Zhenjiang to Mount Tu and Guazhou to Sanjiangkou, built dikes and bridges, and linked patrol routes. Four garrisons at Mount Tu and Guazhou rotated officers to command the naval defense. Posts every five li provided tight surveillance. River bandits were hunted down almost to extinction. In the twelfth year he became Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. He soon died and received the posthumous name Zhongmin (Loyal and Alert).
36
劉清泰，漢軍正紅旗人，初籍遼陽，名朝卿，以諸生歸太宗，賜今名。 崇德六年，試一等，入內院辦事。 順治二年，擢弘文院學士。 九年，充會試副考官。 授浙江福建總督。
Liu Qingtai of the Han Army Bordered Red Banner was born Chaoqing in Liaoyang; as a licentiate he submitted to the Taizong and received his present name. In Chongde 6 he ranked first in examinations and entered the Inner Court. In Shunzhi 2 he became a Hongwen Institute academician. In the ninth year he was associate metropolitan examination examiner. He was made governor-general of Zhejiang and Fujian.
37
時鄭成功據廈門，陷漳浦、海澄、南靖諸縣，上命其父芝龍作書，敕清泰諭降。 十年二月，清泰疏劾巡撫張學聖、巡道黃澍、總兵馬得功前此偵成功赴粵，潛襲廈門，攫其家貲，致成功修怨，連陷城邑，學聖等並坐黜。 三月，清泰得成功報芝龍書，略言就撫後，原得浙東、嶺南地駐兵。 清泰疏上聞，並論成功語浮誇，議撫當詳慎，上嘉其遠慮。 五月，平南將軍金礪攻海澄，以餉不繼，還軍漳浦。 會上敕封成功海澄公，畀以泉、漳、惠、潮四郡地，遂罷兵。 清泰請駐軍浦城備不虞，從之。 十一年，疏言：「成功雖降，不薙發，其黨逞掠如故，降無實意。 宜發禁旅赴福建，駐要地，資策應。」 下諸王大臣議。 清泰旋以病乞假，還駐杭州。 成功發兵攻陷漳、泉，上授鄭親王世子濟度為定遠大將軍，率師討之。 左都御史龔鼎孳疏劾清泰當金礪攻海澄，不能同心合力，及招撫未定，又不控扼險要，致海疆被陷，坐奪官。
Zheng Chenggong held Xiamen and had seized Zhangpu, Haicheng, and Nanjing. The emperor had his father Zhilong write ordering Qingtai to negotiate surrender. In the tenth month of the tenth year Qingtai impeached Zhang Xuesheng, Huang Shu, and Ma Degong for raiding Xiamen while Chenggong was in Guangdong and looting his household, provoking reprisals; all three were dismissed. In the third month Chenggong replied to Zhilong that after submission he wanted troops in eastern Zhejiang and southern Fujian. Qingtai reported the reply, called Chenggong's terms extravagant, and urged caution; the emperor praised his foresight. In the fifth month Pacification General Jin Li attacked Haicheng but withdrew to Zhangpu for lack of supplies. The court then enfeoffed Chenggong Duke of Haicheng with Quan, Zhang, Hui, and Chao, and fighting paused. Qingtai asked to garrison Pucheng against surprises, and the request was granted. In the eleventh year he wrote: "Chenggong has submitted but refuses the queue and his men still raid—the surrender is not sincere. He urged sending guards to Fujian's key points as a reserve." The memorial went to the princes and ministers for debate. Qingtai soon took sick leave and returned to Hangzhou. Chenggong seized Zhang and Quan; Prince Zheng's heir Jidu was made commander-in-chief to suppress him. Left censor-in-chief Gong Dingzi impeached Qingtai for failing to cooperate with Jin Li at Haicheng and leaving the coast exposed during negotiations; he lost his post.
38
十八年，聖祖即位，起秘書院學士，授河南總督。 康熙三年，以報墾荒地萬餘頃，加兵部尚書。 四年，以疾致仕。 卒。
In the eighteenth year, at the Kangxi succession, he became Secretariat academician and Henan governor-general. In Kangxi 3 he reported reclaiming more than ten thousand qing of wasteland and was made Minister of War. He retired for illness in the fourth year. He died.
39
佟岱，漢軍正藍旗人，先世居佟佳。 父佟三，歸太祖，任梅勒額真。 佟岱與兄養量同授牛錄額真。 養量順治初官至宣大總督，駐陽和，有惠於民。 佟岱崇德元年從伐朝鮮，以縱掠降民坐死，命奪官，罰鍰以贖。 三年，授吏部副理事官，兼甲喇額真。 六年，師圍錦州，七年，攻塔山、杏山，皆在行，擢正藍旗漢軍梅勒額真。 八年，從克前屯衛、中後所，予世職牛錄章京。
Tong Dai of the Han Army Bordered Blue Banner came from Tongjia. His father Tong San submitted to the Taizu and became a meiren ejen. Tong Dai and his elder brother Yangliang were both appointed niru ejen. Yangliang early in Shunzhi became Xuanda governor-general at Yanghe and was beloved by the people. In Chongde 1 Tong Dai joined the Korean campaign but was condemned to death for plundering surrendered people; the sentence was commuted to dismissal and a fine. In the third year he became associate Personnel director and jalan ejen. He was present through the Jinzhou siege and the seventh-year attacks on Tashan and Xingshan, and was promoted to meiren ejen of the Bordered Blue Han Army. In the eighth year he joined the capture of Qiantunwei and Zhonghousuo and received the hereditary rank of niru janggin.
40
順治元年，從克太原。 二年，從討李自成，師自陝西徇湖廣，遂下江南。 與總兵金聲桓駐守九江，定南康、南昌、瑞州、袁州諸府，以所俘獲奏聞。 因疏言：「故明鍾祥王慈若等衰殘廢棄，或存其餘喘，彰我朝浩蕩之仁。」 得旨：「故明諸王赴京朝見。」 旋令攝湖廣總督。 三年，還京，授兵部侍郎。 復從徵湖南，自岳州進長沙，戰衡州，克寶慶、武岡。 六年，復從討姜瓖，拔渾源、左衛、朔州、汾州、太谷諸城。 世職累進一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番，歷戶、吏諸部。
In Shunzhi 1 he joined the capture of Taiyuan. In the second year he campaigned against Li Zicheng from Shaanxi through Huguang into Jiangnan. With Jin Shengwan he garrisoned Jiujiang and pacified Nankang, Nanchang, Ruizhou, and Yuanzhou, reporting his captives. He memorialized that broken Ming princes such as Cimin of Zhongxiang might be spared to show the dynasty's magnanimity. The throne ordered former Ming princes to appear at court. He was soon made acting Huguang governor-general. In the third year he returned to Beijing as Vice Minister of War. He again campaigned in Hunan from Yuezhou through Changsha and Hengzhou to Baoqing and Wugang. In the sixth year he joined the Jiang Xiang campaign and took Hunyuan, Zuowei, Shuozhou, Fenzhou, and Taigu. His line rose to first-class Adahafan with Tosahafan, and he served in Revenue, Personnel, and other ministries.
41
十一年，代清泰為浙江福建總督。 疏請申海禁，斷接濟，片帆不得出海，違者罪至死。 十二年，成功陷舟山，十三年，复陷台州。 佟岱與巡撫秦世禎不協，互劾。 上為移世禎操江巡撫，召佟岱還京，以李率泰代。 佟岱不即行，复疏自敘剿撫功，上責其冒功戀祿，下李率泰等按狀，奪官，留軍功三等阿達哈哈番。 卒。
In the eleventh year he replaced Qingtai as Zhejiang-Fujian governor-general. He urged strict maritime prohibition: no sail at sea, no aid to rebels, death for violators. Chenggong took Zhoushan in the twelfth year and Taizhou again in the thirteenth. Tong Dai and governor Qin Shizhen clashed and impeached each other. The emperor transferred Shizhen to Caojiang and recalled Tong Dai; Li Shuaitai replaced him. Tong Dai delayed departure and claimed credit; the emperor rebuked his greed, investigated through Li Shuaitai, dismissed him, and left only third-class Adahafan for military merit. He died.
42
秦世禎，漢軍正藍旗人，初籍廣寧。 順治二年，以貢生除直隸文安知縣。 三年，行取授御史，疏請畫一各省裁免賦役，從之。 四年，巡按浙江。 八年，甄別台員，列一等。 尋命巡按江南。 世禎察淮、揚各郡蠹役害民，嚴治其罪。 徒黨聚盟，仇訴告者，世禎執為首者係之獄，疏上其事，並言懲蠹於事後，不若使不為蠹。 請飭督撫以下至州縣，毋於經制外濫設胥役，並定年限，毋令久充，上從之。
Qin Shizhen of the Han Army Bordered Blue Banner was originally registered in Guangning. In Shunzhi 2 the tribute student became magistrate of Wen'an in Zhili. In the third year he became a censor and won approval for uniform provincial tax and labor cuts. In the fourth year he inspected Zhejiang. In the eighth year he ranked first class among censors. He was soon assigned to inspect Jiangnan. He exposed corrupt clerks harming people in the Huai-Yang region and punished them harshly. When clerk factions sued informers, he jailed the ringleaders and argued prevention beat punishment after the fact. He asked that officials not exceed statutory clerk quotas or keep clerks too long; the emperor agreed.
43
時方大兵後，田畝淆亂，官為丈量，胥役因緣為奸。 世禎令編列「魚鱗冊」，使民自丈量，贏縮胥復其舊，荒坍皆有別。 州縣徵賦，民或逾額輸納，世禎限夏稅五月，秋糧九月，先給「易知單」，示以科則定數。 又令每甲匯列賦額及輸戶為「滾單」，使里長按戶遞傳，輸賦則填注。 先行之蘇州，民以為便，條列以聞，通行諸府。 又以徵銀設櫃，有司奉行不實，請增司府印封，立日收簿，輸戶自封投櫃，驗數書之簿。 又請革僉點糧長之例，改官收官兌。 並下部，著為令。 巡撫土國寶貪酷病民，以世禎劾，罷。
After the wars, field boundaries were chaotic; official surveys let clerks commit fraud. He introduced the Fish-Scale Register for self-measurement by households, restoring accurate acreage and distinguishing wasteland from collapse. To stop over-collection he fixed summer tax in the fifth month and autumn grain in the ninth, issuing Easy-Knowledge Slips with fixed rates. He added Rolling Registers listing quotas and payers for village heads to circulate and mark payments. Piloted in Suzhou, the system pleased taxpayers and was extended province-wide. He tightened tax counters with prefectural seals, daily receipt books, and sealed deposits by taxpayers. He abolished lottery-appointed grain chiefs in favor of official collection and remittance. The ministries enacted all of this as law. Governor Tu Guobao was dismissed after Shizhen impeached his cruelty and greed.
44
十年，還京，遷大理寺丞。 十一年，擢浙江巡撫，疏請增造戰艦，精選水師； 別疏言沿海漁舟，往往通寇，請按保甲法，以二十五舟為一隊，無事聽採捕，有事助守禦：並議行。 十二年，與佟岱互劾，調操江巡撫，解佟岱任，命暫管總督事。 尋以李率泰等疏論成功陷舟山，世禎不能辭咎，與佟岱並奪官。 卒。
In the tenth year he returned to Beijing as vice director of the Court of Judicial Review. In the eleventh year he became Zhejiang governor and asked for more warships and better naval selection; he also urged baojia grouping of fishing boats—twenty-five per unit, fishing in peace and aiding defense in crisis—and the plan was adopted. In the twelfth year he and Tong Dai traded impeachments; he became Caojiang governor, replaced Tong Dai temporarily as governor-general. When Li Shuaitai blamed him for Chenggong's capture of Zhoushan, both he and Tong Dai lost their posts. He died.
45
陳錦，字天章，漢軍正藍旗人，初籍錦州。 仕明官大凌河都司，崇德間來降，予世職牛錄章京，加半個前程。 漢軍旗制定，授牛錄額真。
Chen Jin (style Tianzhang) of the Han Army Bordered Blue Banner was originally from Jinzhou. He had been Ming commander at Dalinghe Guard and surrendered in the Chongde era, receiving niru janggin rank and half a qian-cheng advancement. When the Han Army Banners were organized he became niru ejen.
46
順治元年，自內院副理事官授登萊巡撫。 青州土寇楊威、秦尚行結明將劉澤清為亂，錦遣兵討平之。 二年，土寇張廣焚掠掖、濰諸縣，遣兵擊敗之。 廣降於澤清，复寇平度，犯萊州，錦遣兵捕治，授策設伏徐家甿，射殺廣，盡殲其眾。 擢操江總督，與招撫大學士洪承疇並駐江寧。 三年，明瑞昌王誼石等密結城人為亂，錦與承疇诇知之，閉城捕治諸為亂者。 誼石以兵至，擊破之。 四年，疏言：「圌山為鎮江咽喉，江寧門戶，宜建立砲台，置兵備。 江北要口設台亦如之。 兩岸兵船接哨分防，沿江設烽墩，使聲勢相通。」 章下部議行。
In Shunzhi 1 he moved from Inner Court associate director to governor of Dengzhou and Laizhou. Qingzhou bandits Yang Wei and Qin Shangxing joined Ming general Liu Zeqing; Jin suppressed them. In the second year Zhang Guang raided Yi and Wei; Jin's troops defeated him. Guang rejoined Zeqing, raided Pingdu and Laizhou; Jin ambushed him at Xujiameng, killed him, and destroyed his band. He became Caojiang governor-general and was stationed at Jiangning with Hong Chengchou. In the third year Ming Prince of Ruichang Yishi plotted within the city; Jin and Chengchou learned of it, sealed the gates, and arrested the conspirators. Yishi marched in force and was routed. In the fourth year he argued that Mount Tu guarded Zhenjiang and Jiangning's approaches and needed forts and garrisons. The north bank needed the same. Patrol craft, divided defenses, and river beacons should link the line. The ministries approved and implemented the plan.
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遷浙江福建總督。 鄭成功為寇，據延平將軍寨，地高險，俯瞰諸縣，攻不能破。 錦命壘土高與寨等，乘以登陴，遂克之。 歲大饑，錦遣兵次第收復，撫輯流亡，民賴以安。 五年，成功將鄭彩以舟師入據長樂、連江諸縣，錦與靖南將軍陳泰等分兵收復。 師進次興化，斬成功將顧世臣等十一人。 六年，遣總兵張應夢、馬得功等復羅源、永春、德化、福安諸城。 江西山寇侵延平，陷大田、尤溪，錦遣兵收復，獲明新建王由模等。 七年，疏請進攻舟山。 八年，錦與固山額真金礪、劉之源，提督田雄等會師，以大艦隨潮出，敗明兵於橫洋，獲其將阮進； 乘霧攻舟山，明魯王以海出走，遂克之，隳其城，置定關總兵，駐師守焉。 九年，成功寇漳浦、平和，錦督兵赴援，戰江東橋，敗績，左次同安，賊夜入其帳，刺中要害，遂卒，贈兵部尚書。
He was made Zhejiang-Fujian governor-general. Zheng Chenggong held the lofty, impregnable Yanping general's stockade overlooking the region. Jin built an earthen ramp as high as the stockade and stormed it. During famine he recovered territory in stages, resettled refugees, and restored order. In the fifth year Zheng Cai seized Changle and Lianjiang by sea; Jin and Chen Tai recovered them in divided columns. At Xinghua they beheaded eleven of Chenggong's generals including Gu Shichen. In the sixth year Zhang Yingmeng and Ma Degong recovered Luoyuan, Yongchun, Dehua, Fu'an, and other cities. Jiangxi mountain bandits took Datian and Youxi in Yanping; Jin recovered them and captured the Ming Prince of Xinjian Zhu Youmo. In the seventh year he asked to attack Zhoushan. In the eighth year Jin, Jin Li, Liu Zhiyuan, and Tian Xiong combined fleets, defeated Ming forces at Hengyang on the tide, and captured Ruan Jin; they took Zhoushan in fog, drove out the Ming Prince of Lu Zhu Yihai, razed the city, and garrisoned it under a Dingguan commander. In the ninth year Chenggong raided Zhangpu and Pinghe. Jin was beaten at Jiangdong Bridge, fell back to Tong'an, and was stabbed in his tent at night; he died and was posthumously made Minister of War.
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論曰：國初民志未壹，諸依山海險岨而起者，往往自託於明遺，要之為民害，廓清摧陷，封疆之責也。 國英定四川，合師討茅麓山，績最高。 武元守贛州，庫禮守淮安，全才守漢中，禦寇全城，亦其亞也。 朝紀等捕治土寇，皆能勤其官者。 若清泰策鄭成功，謂挾怨而叛，殊不中事理。 錦屢勝而挫，遽為何人所賊，防衛亦稍疏矣。
The commentator notes that early in the dynasty many rebels used mountains and coasts while claiming Ming loyalty, yet they harmed the people; clearing them was a frontier commander's duty. Guoying's pacification of Sichuan and the Maolu Mountain campaign rank highest. Wuyuan at Ganzhou, Ku Li at Huai'an, and Quancai at Hanzhong—each held a city through siege—come next. Chaoji and others who suppressed local bandits likewise served diligently. Qingtai's claim that Chenggong rebelled from personal resentment, however, misses the mark. Jin won often yet died suddenly in defeat; his guard was somewhat lax.