Volume 241 Biographies 28: Ke Er Kun, Jue Shan, Gan Dou, Tan Bai, Xi Teku, Lan Bai, E Shuo, Yi Bai, A Ha Ni Kan, Chu Ku

列傳二十八

Biographies 28

科爾昆，阿顏覺羅氏，滿洲正藍旗人，世居瓦瑚木。祖翰，太祖時來歸。父碩色，官牛錄額真。

Koerhun, of the Ayanggioro clan, was a Manchu of the Plain Blue Banner whose family had long lived at Wahumu. His grandfather Han submitted allegiance during the reign of Taizu (Nurhaci). His father Suose served as niru commander (company captain).

科爾昆初為貝勒阿巴泰護衛。事太宗，未冠，從伐察哈爾、朝鮮皆有功，令隸噶布什賢。崇德五年，從伐明，圍錦州。明兵數万屯松山，科爾昆與牛錄額真索渾、巴牙喇甲喇章京瑚里布挑戰，敗之。明總督洪承疇、總兵祖大壽合兵十餘萬迎戰，科爾昆與索渾等陷陣，殪驍騎數十。六年，從英親王阿濟格伐明，駐杏山。明兵數千自寧遠至，科爾昆先眾馳擊，逐敵至連山，馬中流矢僕，科爾昆躍起殪敵騎，奪馬，乘以還。從英親王視壕，敵猝至，索渾陷圍中，科爾昆單騎翼以出。明兵數千自沙河所至，侵牧地，率噶布什賢兵擊破之。七年，從貝勒阿巴泰伐明，次豐潤，破明軍。次河西務，與巴牙喇甲喇章京鄂碩將數十騎偵敵，敵將將射，科爾昆先發，貫其臂，逐之，從馬上相搏，同墮水，敵將頎有力，握科爾昆冑，抑使入水，科爾昆捶其脛而踣，縶以歸。八年，授牛錄額真，兼兵部理事官。

Koerhun began his career as a bodyguard to Prince Abatai. Under Hong Taiji, before he had even come of age, he took part in campaigns against the Chahar and Korea and distinguished himself in both; he was then assigned to the Gabsihiyan corps. In the fifth year of Chongde (1640), he joined the campaign against the Ming and helped besiege Jinzhou. When Ming forces numbering tens of thousands encamped at Songshan, Koerhun, together with niru commander Suohun and bayara jalan commander Hulibu, offered battle and routed them. Ming governor-general Hong Chengchou and commander Zu Dashou brought more than a hundred thousand men to meet them in battle; Koerhun and Suohun plunged into the fray and killed several dozen of the enemy's finest horsemen. In the sixth year (1641), he followed Prince Ying Ajige on a campaign against the Ming and was stationed at Xingshan. When several thousand Ming troops advanced from Ningyuan, Koerhun outpaced the main force and charged; he pursued the enemy as far as Lianshan. His horse was struck by an arrow and fell, but Koerhun sprang up, killed an enemy rider, seized his mount, and rode back on it. While accompanying Prince Ying on an inspection of the trenches, the enemy suddenly appeared; Suohun was caught in an encirclement, and Koerhun rode in alone to shield him and bring him out. When several thousand Ming troops came from Shahe suo and encroached on pasture lands, he led the Gabsihiyan troops and drove them off. In the seventh year (1642), he followed Prince Abatai on a campaign against the Ming, halted at Fengrun, and defeated the Ming army there. At Hexiwu he joined bayara jalan commander Eshuo with several dozen horsemen to scout the enemy. An enemy general was drawing his bow to shoot when Koerhun fired first and pierced his arm, then gave chase. They grappled from horseback and fell together into the water. The enemy general was powerfully built; he seized Koerhun's helmet and forced him under, but Koerhun struck his shins and knocked him down, then bound him and brought him back captive. In the eighth year (1643), he was appointed niru commander and also served as a clerk in the Board of War.

順治元年，入關，擊破李自成，逐之至慶都。從固山額真葉臣攻太原，設伏殲敵。又從英親王阿濟格討自成湖廣，屢劘敵壘。敘功，授世職牛錄章京。三年，從肅親王豪格西討張獻忠，次漢中，擊破叛將賀珍。進擊獻忠，戰西充鳳凰山，大破之。獻忠既殪，復與輔國公岳樂、尚書巴哈納等殲其餘黨。師還，累進二等阿達哈哈番。

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), after the army entered the passes, he defeated Li Zicheng and pursued him as far as Qingdu. He followed gushan ejen Yechen in the attack on Taiyuan, laid an ambush, and annihilated the enemy force. He then followed Prince Ying Ajige in the suppression of Zicheng in Huguang, repeatedly storming and crushing enemy stockades. When his merits were tallied, he was granted the hereditary rank of niru janggin. In the third year (1646), he followed Prince Su Haoge on the western expedition against Zhang Xianzhong, halted at Hanzhong, and defeated the rebel general He Zhen. Pressing the attack on Xianzhong, he fought at Fenghuang Mountain in Xichong and won a crushing victory. After Xianzhong was killed, he joined Fuguo gong Yuele, Minister Bahana, and others in wiping out the remaining rebel bands. On the army's return, his hereditary rank was raised in stages to second-class adahafan.

六年，授噶布什賢章京。從鄭親王濟爾哈朗徵湖廣，破湘潭，下寶慶、武岡，分兵趨沅州。與巴牙喇甲喇章京白爾赫圖以數十騎先驅，白爾赫圖陷陣失其馬，科爾昆奪敵馬掖之上，並馬突圍出。复縱騎奮擊破敵，進沅州，自道州出龍虎關。進世職一等，兼拖沙喇哈番。

In the sixth year (1649), he was appointed commander of the Gabsihiyan corps. He followed Prince Zheng Jirhala on the Huguang campaign, captured Xiangtan, took Baoxing and Wugang, and sent detachments toward Yuanzhou. With bayara jalan commander Bai'erhetu he rode ahead with several dozen horsemen. Bai'erhetu was trapped in the fighting and lost his mount; Koerhun seized an enemy horse, helped him onto it, and the two broke out of the encirclement together. He then led a cavalry charge that broke the enemy, advanced on Yuanzhou, and marched out through Longhu Pass from Daozhou. His hereditary rank was raised to first class, with the additional grant of tosahafan.

九年，從敬謹親王尼堪徇衡州，明將李定國列象陣迎戰。科爾昆語巴牙喇甲喇章京西伯臣曰：「像不畏矢石，惟鼻脆，吾為君射之。」矢再發，貫象鼻，象奔，師從之，追奔數十里。敬謹親王聞勝，輕騎疾進，遇伏戰沒，科爾昆三入圍，求得王遺骸。師進次寶慶，明將孫可望以數万人屯山巔，科爾昆督兵奮擊，可望潰走。貝勒屯齊遣學士碩岱與科爾昆還奏軍事，疏不言王戰沒。事聞，下議政王、貝勒、大臣會勘，科爾昆言不知疏云何，鄭親王呵之，科爾昆大言曰：「臣自髫齔侍太祖，弱冠事太宗，轉戰二十餘年。今奏事不明，死其分。奈何輕相侮？」上察其無罪，命寬之，但奪世職。十三年，擢巴牙喇纛章京。

In the ninth year (1652), he followed Prince Jingjin Nikan in the advance on Hengzhou, where Ming general Li Dingguo drew up an elephant formation to meet them. Koerhun said to bayara jalan commander Xibochen, "Elephants do not fear arrows and stones, but their trunks are vulnerable—I will shoot it for you." He loosed two arrows that pierced the elephant's trunk; the beast fled, and the army pursued the rout for dozens of li. Prince Jingjin, hearing of the victory, pressed forward with a light escort, ran into an ambush, and was killed in battle; Koerhun three times fought his way into the encirclement and recovered the prince's body. The army advanced to Baoxing, where Ming general Sun Kewang had tens of thousands of men on the heights; Koerhun led a fierce assault and Kewang fled in rout. Prince Tunqi sent academician Shuodai back with Koerhun to report on the campaign, but their memorial made no mention of the prince's death in battle. When word reached the court, the regent prince, princes, and senior ministers were ordered to investigate jointly. Koerhun said he did not know what the memorial contained; Prince Zheng rebuked him, and Koerhun declared loudly, "I have served since childhood—I attended Taizu as a boy and Hong Taiji in my youth—and I have fought in the field for more than twenty years. If the report is unclear now, death is what I deserve. How dare you treat me with such contempt?" The emperor found him innocent and ordered leniency, stripping only his hereditary rank. In the thirteenth year (1656), he was promoted to bayara banner commander.

十四年，從大將軍羅託下貴州。既定貴陽，令科爾昆以五千人取黃平，梅勒額真瑪爾賽副之。明將白文選據七星關，科爾昆令瑪爾賽將二千人出萬奇嶺大道，誘文選出戰，偽敗數十里，文選躡其後。科爾昆將三千人自間道疾趨出文選軍後，瑪爾賽還戰，文選敗走，克黃平。師還。

In the fourteenth year (1657), he followed Grand General Luo Tuo in the descent on Guizhou. Once Guiyang was secured, Koerhun was sent with five thousand men to take Huangping, with meiren ejen Ma'ersai as his deputy. Ming general Bai Wenxuan held Qixing Pass. Koerhun had Ma'ersai lead two thousand men out on the Wanqi Ridge road to lure Wenxuan into battle, then feign a retreat for dozens of li while Wenxuan pursued close behind. Koerhun meanwhile led three thousand men by a hidden route to strike behind Wenxuan's army; Ma'ersai wheeled about to fight, Wenxuan was routed, and Huangping fell. The army then returned.

康熙元年，出定義州土寇。二年，從將軍穆里瑪、圖海下湖廣，討李自成餘黨李來亨等。圖海出歸州，穆里瑪出宜昌，科爾昆與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦賴塔將五千人先驅，迭戰皆勝。次茅麓山，郝永忠以數万人與來亨合，拒戰，科爾昆升山覘之，俟隙縱擊，破之。夜設伏，來亨以萬餘人襲我軍，伏發，敗走。明日復戰，來亨兵以大刀、藤牌護陣，我師張兩翼，科爾昆搗其中堅，陣潰。來亨倚譚家砦屯糧，計持久。科爾昆分兵破石坪，進圍砦。其將李嗣名出戰，中流矢死，科爾昆斷其後道，十餘日，其將高必玉等出降。科爾昆還與穆里瑪合軍，圖海亦至，令滿洲兵守隘，綠旗兵為長圍困之，來亨自經死，餘黨悉降。自成餘黨至是乃盡殄。師還，授世職拖沙喇哈番。

In the first year of Kangxi (1662), he was sent out to suppress native bandits in Dingyi Prefecture. In the second year (1663), he followed Generals Muli Ma and Tu Hai into Huguang to suppress the Li Zicheng remnant Li Laiheng and his followers. Tu Hai marched out from Guizhou and Muli Ma from Yichang; Koerhun and Gabsihiyan galai angbang Laita led five thousand men as the vanguard and won every engagement along the way. At Maolu Mountain, Hao Yongzhong brought tens of thousands of men to join Laiheng in resisting the advance; Koerhun climbed the heights to scout them, waited for an opening, then struck and broke their line. That night he laid an ambush; Laiheng led more than ten thousand men in a night attack, but when the ambush sprang they were routed and fled. The next day they fought again; Laiheng's men shielded their formation with great swords and rattan shields. Our army extended both wings while Koerhun drove at the center; the enemy line collapsed. Laiheng fell back on Tan Family Stockade, where he had stored grain, intending to hold out indefinitely. Koerhun detached troops to take Shiping, then advanced to besiege the stockade. His general Li Siming came out to fight and was killed by an arrow; Koerhun cut off their escape route, and after a dozen days generals including Gao Biyu surrendered. Koerhun rejoined Muli Ma's force, and Tu Hai arrived as well; Manchu troops were posted at the passes while Green Standard troops formed a long encirclement. Laiheng hanged himself, and the remaining rebels all surrendered. Only then were Li Zicheng's remaining followers utterly destroyed. On the army's return, he was granted the hereditary rank of tosahafan.

科爾昆從征伐，常為軍鋒。廉介，嫉惡遠勢。鰲拜專政，科爾昆獨不附。八年，卒。子巢可託，官至盛京刑部侍郎。

In campaign after campaign, Koerhun was regularly placed at the army's spearhead. He was upright and incorruptible, detested wickedness, and kept his distance from the powerful. When Oboi dominated the government, Koerhun alone refused to align himself with him. In the eighth year (1669), he died. His son Chaoketuo rose to Vice Minister of the Shenyang Ministry of Punishments.

覺善，李佳氏，滿洲正紅旗人，世居薩爾滸。父通果，歸太祖，授牛錄額真。卒，覺善嗣。滅葉赫，克瀋陽、遼陽，皆在行間，授世職備禦，擢甲喇額真。

Jueshan, of the Li clan, was a Manchu of the Plain Red Banner whose family had long lived at Sarhu. His father Tongguo submitted to Taizu and was appointed niru commander. When he died, Jueshan succeeded to his post. He fought in the ranks when Yehe was destroyed and Shenyang and Liaoyang were taken, was granted the hereditary rank of beiyu, and was promoted to jalan ejen.

天聰三年，從太宗伐明，下永平四城，佐固山額真納穆泰等守灤州。明兵來攻，圍合，覺善勒兵出戰，奮逾塹，與甲喇額真阿爾津、牛錄額真庫爾纏趨擊，明兵潰奔，俄复集迫城下，覺善擊卻之。明兵發石壞城堞，覺善力禦，明兵不能登，凡五敗明兵。阿敏棄永平出關，納穆泰等亦突圍走，明兵阻道，力擊敗之。師還，與諸將待罪，上以覺善力守城，既出猶殺敵，釋其縛，進世職游擊。五年，上自將圍大凌河，明兵自錦州驟至，屯小凌河岸。上遣偏師渡河迎擊，兵不盈二百，覺善奮入陣，陷重圍，力戰得出。我兵別隊與明兵戰，有軍校為明兵所得，援之歸。明監軍道張春、總兵吳襄將步騎四萬距大凌河十五里駐軍，覺善從貝勒碩託以右翼兵直躪春壘，明兵敗挫，進世職二等甲喇章京。

In the third year of Tiancong (1629), he followed Hong Taiji against the Ming, helped capture the four Yongping cities, and assisted gushan ejen Namutai in holding Luanzhou. When Ming forces attacked and closed the ring around the city, Jueshan led his men out, crossed the moat at a rush, and with jalan ejen A'erjin and niru commander Ku'erchan drove the enemy back in flight. They soon regrouped and pressed the walls again, and Jueshan beat them off once more. The Ming hurled stones that smashed the battlements, but Jueshan held firm and kept them from scaling the walls; in all he repulsed the Ming five times. When Amin abandoned Yongping and withdrew through the passes, Namutai and the others also broke out; Ming troops blocked the road, but Jueshan fought through and defeated them. On the army's return the commanders awaited punishment, but the emperor noted that Jueshan had held the city resolutely and continued killing the enemy even after breaking out; he released him and raised his hereditary rank to youji. In the fifth year (1631), the emperor personally led the siege of Dalinghe; Ming troops suddenly arrived from Jinzhou and encamped on the banks of the Xiao Ling River. The emperor sent a detachment across the river to meet them with fewer than two hundred men; Jueshan charged into the enemy line, was caught in a heavy encirclement, and fought his way out. In another engagement a company officer was captured by the Ming; Jueshan rescued him and brought him back. Ming supervising circuit Zhang Chun and commander Wu Xiang had forty thousand infantry and cavalry encamped fifteen li from Dalinghe; Jueshan followed Prince Shuoto with the right wing in a direct assault on Chun's camp, routing the Ming force, and was advanced to second-class jalan janggin.

崇德五年，授正紅旗梅勒額真，駐防義州。六年，從攻錦州，坐攻圍不力，罰鍰。上攻錦州，自將軍松山、杏山間，明兵薄我軍，謀奪砲，覺善以所部御之，明兵敗走。師圍松山，掘塹立營，明兵夜來侵，复戰卻之。八年，與梅勒額真譚布等駐錦州。又從鄭親王濟爾哈朗伐明，攻寧遠，明總兵吳三桂邀戰，擊卻之。進攻前屯衛，明兵出戰，蒙古兵稍卻，覺善督右翼兵奮擊，大破之，遂克其城。

In the fifth year of Chongde (1640), he was appointed meiren ejen of the Plain Red Banner and garrisoned Yizhou. In the sixth year (1641) he joined the attack on Jinzhou but was fined for insufficient effort in the siege. When the emperor attacked Jinzhou and commanded in person between Songshan and Xingshan, Ming troops pressed close and tried to seize our artillery; Jueshan held them off with his command and drove the Ming back. During the siege of Songshan, as trenches were dug and camps established, Ming troops raided by night; he fought them off again. In the eighth year (1643) he garrisoned Jinzhou with meiren ejen Tan Bu and others. He again followed Prince Zheng Jirhala against the Ming, attacked Ningyuan, and when Ming commander Wu Sangui offered battle, drove him back. In the advance on Qiantunwei the Ming came out to fight; when the Mongol troops wavered, Jueshan led the right wing in a fierce charge, won a great victory, and took the city.

順治元年，從入關，擊李自成，覺善創於砲，仍奮戰。二年，進世職一等。從順承郡王勒克德渾南征，次江寧。自成餘黨一隻虎等寇湖北，命移師討之。三年，師次石首，令與固山額真葉臣等率精銳徇荊州，破敵，分剿遠安、南漳、宜昌，悉定。師還，賜黃金十兩、白金三百兩。山東土寇擾恩、齊河、平陰諸縣，命覺善率兵討之，斬其渠掃地王，其眾萬餘殲焉。

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644) he entered the passes and fought Li Zicheng; Jueshan was wounded by artillery but continued to fight. In the second year (1645) his hereditary rank was raised to first class. He followed Prince Shuncheng Lekdehun on the southern expedition and halted at Jiangning. When Zicheng's remnant One-Eyed Tiger and others raided Hubei, he was ordered to march there against them. In the third year (1646) the army halted at Shishou; he was ordered with gushan ejen Yechen and others to lead elite troops against Jingzhou, defeated the enemy, and sent detachments to pacify Yuan'an, Nanzhang, and Yichang—all of which were secured. On the army's return he was rewarded with ten liang of gold and three hundred liang of silver. When Shandong bandits raided En, Qihe, Pingyin, and neighboring counties, Jueshan was sent to suppress them; he beheaded their leader the Sweeping-Earth King and annihilated his force of more than ten thousand.

五年，從大將軍譚泰討叛將金聲桓，七月，師薄南昌，至六年正月，克之。移師討叛將李成棟，攻信豐，覺善督所部樹雲梯先登，拔其城。師還，次贛州，復分兵戡定新喻、安福諸縣。敘功，並遇恩詔，世職累進二等阿思哈尼哈番，賜號「巴圖魯」。七年，從睿親王畋於中後所，坐私出射獵，降一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。八年，上親政，复世職，擢都察院左都御史。尋命仍專領梅勒事，進世職三等精奇尼哈番。十五年，以老病乞罷。康熙三年，卒，諡敏勇。乾隆初，定封三等男。子吉勒塔布，自有傳。

In the fifth year (1648) he followed Grand General Tan Tai against the rebel Jin Shenghuan; the army reached Nanchang in the seventh month and took it in the first month of the sixth year (1649). The army then turned against the rebel Li Chengdong, attacked Xinfeng, and Jueshan led his men in raising siege ladders and being first over the wall, taking the city. On the return march the army halted at Ganzhou; he detached troops to pacify Xinyu, Anfu, and other counties. When his merits were tallied, together with an amnesty edict his hereditary rank was raised in stages to second-class ashan i hafan, and he was granted the title "Baturu" (Valiant Warrior). In the seventh year (1650) he accompanied Prince Rui on a hunt at Zhonghousuo but was demoted one grade to adahafan with tosahafan for leaving camp to hunt on his own. In the eighth year (1651), when the emperor assumed personal rule, his hereditary rank was restored and he was promoted to Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate. He was soon ordered to resume sole charge of meiren affairs, and his hereditary rank was raised to third-class jingkini hafan. In the fifteenth year (1658), citing age and illness, he asked to retire. He died in the third year of Kangxi (1664) and was given the posthumous name Minyong (Keen and Brave). Early in the Qianlong reign his line was fixed at the rank of third-class baron. His son Jiletabu has a separate biography.

甘都，先世自葉赫徙居巴林，因氏巴林。太祖時，率子弟來歸，授牛錄額真。旗制定，隸蒙古鑲藍旗。天聰元年，從伐明，次寧遠。明兵屯城北山岡，甘都手大纛直前，擊破之。三年，復從伐明，克大安口，复敗明兵於玉田。上自將取永平四城，克遵化，甘都與焉，即命佐察哈喇等駐守。四年，師棄遵化出邊，甘都殿，擊敗追兵。八年，予世職三等甲喇章京，授兵部參政。

Gandu was a Mongol of the Bordered Blue Banner whose ancestors had moved from Yehe to Baring and taken that place as their clan name. During Taizu's reign he brought his sons and younger kinsmen to submit and was appointed niru commander. When the banner system was fixed, he was assigned to the Mongol Bordered Blue Banner. In the first year of Tiancong he joined the campaign against the Ming and encamped at Ningyuan. When Ming forces held the hills north of the city, Gandu seized the great banner standard and charged straight ahead, breaking them. Three years later he again joined a Ming campaign, captured Da'ankou, and once more routed Ming troops at Yutian. When the khan personally led the seizure of the four Yongping cities and Zunhua fell, Gandu took part and was at once ordered to help Chahala and others hold the city. In the fourth year, as the army withdrew from Zunhua and crossed the border, Gandu covered the retreat and beat off the pursuers. In the eighth year he received a third-class hereditary jalan janggin and was made vice-minister of the Board of War.

崇德三年，考滿，進二等甲喇章京。尋更定部院官制，改兵部理事官。冬，從貝勒岳託等伐明，擊敗明太監高起潛，越明都，徇山東，克濟南。四年春，師還，道蠡縣，复克其城。以功進一等甲喇章京。五年，從索海等伐索倫部，索倫兵五百，據掛喇爾屯拒戰。甘都及理事官喀喀木督兵破柵入，斬級二百，俘二百三十人以歸。六年，從伐明，圍錦州，明總督洪承疇屯松山，屢以步騎出戰，甘都輒擊敗之。恭順王長史徐勝芳為敵困，甘都突入陣，援之出。七年，錦州下，以功加半個前程。

In the third year of Chongde, after a satisfactory term review, he was promoted to second-class jalan janggin. When the ministries and bureaus were reorganized, his title was changed to clerk of the Board of War. That winter he followed Prince Yoto against the Ming, defeated the eunuch Gao Qiqian, passed by the Ming capital, swept through Shandong, and captured Jinan. The following spring, on the march home, the army passed through Li County and captured it again. For his achievements he was promoted to first-class jalan janggin. In the fifth year he joined Suohai in a campaign against the Solon; five hundred Solon warriors held Gualar Tun and offered battle. Gandu and clerk Kakamu led the assault on the stockade, cut down two hundred heads, took two hundred thirty captives, and returned in triumph. In the sixth year he joined the siege of Jinzhou; Ming governor-general Hong Chengchou held Songshan and repeatedly sent infantry and cavalry against the Qing lines, and Gandu repulsed them each time. When Chief Secretary Xu Shengfang of Gongshun Wang was trapped by the enemy, Gandu plunged into the fray and brought him out. When Jinzhou fell in the seventh year, he was awarded an extra half rank for his service.

順治元年，從入關，破李自成。復從豫親王多鐸徇陝西，克潼關，取西安。二年五月，移師定江南，復與固山額真恩格圖、瑪喇布等下宜興、崑山諸縣，進三等梅勒章京。三年，從端重親王博洛略浙江，逐明將方國安至黃岩，國安入城守，圍合。甘都察國安勢蹙，撤圍縱使出，擊之，國安兵大潰，城遂拔。師入福建，甘都先眾克分水關，逐明唐王聿鍵至汀州，降漳州及漳平縣。五年，命署巴牙喇纛章京。從征南大將軍譚泰徇江西，討叛將金聲桓。七年三月，進二等阿思哈尼哈番。尋卒於軍。

In the first year of Shunzhi he crossed into China proper with the army and defeated Li Zicheng. He then followed Prince Yu Duoduo in the pacification of Shaanxi, capturing Tongguan and taking Xi'an. In the fifth month of the second year the army turned to pacify Jiangnan; with gushan ejen Engetu and Malabu he secured Yixing, Kunshan, and other counties, and was promoted to third-class meiren ejen. In the third year he followed Prince Duanzhong Bolo in the conquest of Zhejiang, pursuing Ming general Fang Guo'an to Huangyan; Fang shut himself inside the city and the siege closed around him. Seeing Fang Guo'an's position grow desperate, Gandu lifted the siege to lure him out, then struck; Fang's army collapsed in rout and the city fell. When the army entered Fujian, Gandu outpaced the main force to take Fenshui Pass, pursued Tang Prince Zhu Yujian to Tingzhou, and received the surrender of Zhangzhou and Zhangping County. In the fifth year he was appointed acting commander of the bayara banner corps. He followed Grand General Tan Tai in the pacification of Jiangxi and the suppression of the rebel Jin Shenghuan. In the third month of the seventh year he was promoted to second-class ashan i hafan. He soon died on campaign.

譚拜，他塔喇氏，滿洲正白旗人。父阿敦，事太祖。天命元年正月朔旦，太祖始建號，諸貝勒大臣上表，阿敦與額爾德尼侍左右，受表，額爾德尼跪展讀如禮。阿敦尋領固山額真。太祖初徵明撫順，李永芳出降，阿敦引謁太祖。厥後事不著。

Tan Bai, of the Tatara clan, came from the Manchu Plain White Banner. His father Adun served under Taizu. On New Year's Day of the first year of Tianming, when Taizu first proclaimed his realm, the princes and great ministers presented a memorial of allegiance; Adun stood at his side with Erdeni to receive it, and Erdeni knelt and read it aloud according to ceremony. Adun was soon made gushan ejen. When Taizu first attacked Ming Fushun and Li Yongfang surrendered, Adun presented him to Taizu. Nothing further is recorded of him after that.

譚拜事太宗，天聰五年，以牛錄額真從伐明，圍大凌河城。祖大壽城守，遣百餘騎突圍出，譚拜與巴牙喇甲喇章京布顏圖追斬三十餘人，獲馬二十有四。八年，授世職牛錄章京，遷甲喇額真。九年，從伐察哈爾，收降人，遂伐明代州。譚拜與噶布什賢章京蘇爾德、安達立將四十人伏忻口，明邏卒三百經所伏地，斬馘過半。

Tan Bai served Hong Taiji; in the fifth year of Tiancong, as niru commander, he joined the Ming campaign and helped besiege Dalinghe. When Zu Dashou held the city and sent out more than a hundred horsemen in a breakout, Tan Bai and bayara jalan janggin Buyantu pursued them, killing more than thirty and capturing twenty-four horses. In the eighth year he received a hereditary niru janggin rank and was made jalan ejen. In the ninth year he joined the campaign against the Chahar, took in surrendering tribesmen, and then marched against Ming Daizhou. Tan Bai, gabsihiyan janggin Su'erde, and Adali lay in ambush at Xinkou with forty men; when three hundred Ming border patrol passed through, they cut down more than half.

崇德元年，從伐明，薄明都，北趨盧溝橋，再敗明兵。二年，與甲喇額真丹岱、薩蘇喀等將四十人略明邊，次清河，明兵七百拒守，擊之潰，搴纛二，並獲其馬。三年，從貝勒岳託伐明，入牆子嶺，攻豐潤，擊明兵，多墜壕死，復攻破明太監馮永盛諸軍。四年，從略錦州，率巴牙喇兵破明兵於城南，以功加半個前程。五年，授兵部參政。六年，兼任正白旗蒙古梅勒額真。七年冬，從伐明山東，克利津。八年春，出邊，以所部擊敗明總督趙光抃、范志完，總兵吳三桂、白廣恩諸軍。師還，賚白金，以功進三等甲喇章京。順治初，從入關。三年，擢兵部尚書。尋從肅親王豪格西討張獻忠，道陝西，與固山額真瑪喇希等擊敗叛將賀珍。下四川，屢破獻忠兵，復與固山額真李國翰渡涪江，敗獻忠將袁韜。四年，調吏部尚書。旋殲獻忠。入關後，世職四進至二等阿思哈尼哈番。七年三月，卒。子瑪爾賽，附鰲拜，語見鰲拜傳。孫多奇輝，降襲三等。乾隆初，定封三等男。

In the first year of Chongde he joined a Ming campaign, drew near the capital, pushed north toward Lugou Bridge, and twice routed Ming forces. In the second year he led forty men with jalan ejen Dandai and Sasuka on a border raid, stopping at Qinghe; when seven hundred Ming troops held the town, he attacked and broke them, capturing two enemy banners and their horses. In the third year he followed Prince Yoto through Qiangzi Pass into Ming territory, attacked Fengrun, and drove many Ming soldiers into the moats to their deaths; he then broke the forces of the eunuch Feng Yongsheng. In the fourth year, during operations around Jinzhou, he led bayara troops to defeat Ming forces south of the city and was awarded an extra half rank. In the fifth year he was appointed vice-minister of the Board of War. In the sixth year he also served as meiren ejen of the Mongol Plain White Banner. That winter of the seventh year he joined the Shandong campaign and captured Lijin. The following spring, on a raid beyond the border, his command defeated the armies of Ming governors Zhao Guangbiao and Fan Zhiwan and generals Wu Sangui and Bai Guang'en. On the army's return he received an award of silver and was promoted to third-class jalan janggin for his achievements. At the start of the Shunzhi reign he crossed the Pass with the conquering army. In the third year he was promoted to minister of the Board of War. He soon followed Prince Su Haoge on the western expedition against Zhang Xianzhong; marching through Shaanxi, he and gushan ejen Malaxi defeated the rebel He Zhen. Entering Sichuan, he repeatedly routed Zhang Xianzhong's troops and, with gushan ejen Li Guohan, crossed the Fu River and defeated Yuan Tao, one of Xianzhong's generals. In the fourth year he was transferred to minister of the Board of Personnel. Zhang Xianzhong was soon destroyed. After the Pass was crossed, his hereditary rank rose in four steps to second-class ashan i hafan. He died in the third month of the seventh year. His son Ma'ersai sided with Oboi; see the biography of Oboi for details. His grandson Duoqihui inherited the rank at a reduced third grade. Early in the Qianlong reign the family was fixed at the rank of third-class baron.

法譚，亦他塔喇氏，滿洲正紅旗人，世居瓦爾喀。初以巴牙喇壯達從滅葉赫，取遼陽，授牛錄額真。天聰三年，從攻寧遠，敗明兵於城北山岡。七年，取旅順。崇德三年，從伐明，敗密雲步卒，趣山東，克郯城。四年，從伐虎爾哈部，克雅屯薩城。六年，從圍錦州，禦明總督洪承疇兵於松山，逐敵至塔山，擊之，多赴海死。八年，從攻寧遠，克前屯衛、中後所。順治元年，擢甲喇額真，兼工部理事官。從入關，破李自成。從順承郡王勒克德渾逐自成湖廣，其兄子錦犯荊州，法譚以精騎蹂之，斬獲甚眾，降自成弟孜及其將田見秀等。世職累進一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。五年，授右翼步軍總尉。康熙元年，以病致仕。卒。

Fa Tan, also of the Tatara clan, was a Manchu of the Plain Red Banner whose family had long lived in Warka. He first served as a bayara corporal in the destruction of Yehe and the capture of Liaoyang, and was then appointed niru commander. In the third year of Tiancong he joined the assault on Ningyuan and routed Ming forces on the hills north of the city. In the seventh year he helped capture Lüshun. In the third year of Chongde he joined a Ming campaign, defeated Miyun infantry, pushed into Shandong, and captured Tancheng. In the fourth year he joined a campaign against the Huerha and captured Yatunsa. In the sixth year, during the siege of Jinzhou, he held off Hong Chengchou's forces at Songshan, pursued the enemy to Tashan, and struck so fiercely that many drowned fleeing into the sea. In the eighth year he joined the attack on Ningyuan and captured Qiantun wei and Zhonghousuo. In the first year of Shunzhi he was promoted to jalan ejen and also appointed clerk of the Board of Works. He crossed the Pass with the army and defeated Li Zicheng. Following Prince Shuncheng Lekdehun in the pursuit of Li Zicheng through Huguang, he crushed an attack on Jingzhou by Zicheng's nephew Jin with elite cavalry, killing and capturing a great many; he also received the surrender of Zicheng's brother Zi and generals including Tian Jianxiu. His hereditary rank rose in stages to first-class adahafan with tosahafan. In the fifth year he was made commander of the right-wing infantry guard. In the first year of Kangxi he retired on grounds of illness. He died.

席特庫，佟佳氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人。父努顏，率族屬歸太祖，授牛錄額真。卒，席特庫嗣。事太宗，擢噶布什賢章京，率兵出錦州，得明諜，明兵自耀州至，席特庫赴援卻敵。從圍大凌河，裨將多貝陣沒，席特庫入陣，以其屍還。明兵自寧遠來援，與戰，一卒墜馬，席特庫領纛入陣援以出。

Xiteku, of the Tonggia clan, came from the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner. His father Nuyan brought his kinsmen to submit to Taizu and was appointed niru commander. When Nuyan died, Xiteku inherited his post. Under Hong Taiji he was promoted to gabsihiyan janggin; while leading troops out from Jinzhou he captured a Ming spy, and when Ming forces came from Yaozhou, he raced to reinforce and drove them back. During the siege of Dalinghe, when assistant commander Duobei fell in battle, Xiteku fought his way in and recovered the body. When Ming reinforcements came from Ningyuan, one soldier was unhorsed in the fighting; Xiteku seized the banner standard, plunged into the fray, and brought him out.

六年，與巴牙喇甲喇章京鰲拜等略明邊。八年，與噶布什賢章京圖魯什诇敵錦州、松山，皆有俘馘。察哈爾部人有散入席爾哈、席伯圖者，上命席特庫與蒙古布哈塔布囊等逐捕，斬七十餘級，得其戶口、牲畜。尋與卦爾察尼堪以二十騎往濟豐城偵明兵，至西拉木輪河，遇降明蒙古百人，席特庫設伏盡殲之。二人逸而奔，席特庫射殪其一，一為我國諜者所獲。上嘉席特庫以少勝多，賜甲胄旌之。

In the sixth year he joined bayara jalan janggin Oboi in a border raid against the Ming. In the eighth year he and gabsihiyan janggin Tulushi scouted around Jinzhou and Songshan, bringing back captives and severed heads each time. When Chahar fugitives scattered into Xierha and Xibitu, the khan ordered Xiteku and the Mongol Buhata tabunang to hunt them down; they killed more than seventy and seized their households and livestock. Soon afterward he and Gu'ercha Nikan took twenty horsemen to scout Ming forces near Jifengcheng; at the Xilamulun River they found a hundred Mongols who had gone over to the Ming, and Xiteku ambushed and wiped them out. Two men fled; Xiteku shot one dead, and our scouts captured the other. The khan commended Xiteku for defeating a larger force with fewer men and awarded him armor in recognition.

復從大貝勒代善略大同，敗明兵。自陽和轉戰，趣天城、左衛，徇宣府，與噶布什賢章京吳拜設伏破敵，進世職三等甲喇章京。九年，從貝勒多爾袞略山西，自平魯衛入寧武關，擊敗明兵。復與甲喇額真布顏等诇明兵錦州，與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦勞薩等躡明兵冷口。

He again followed Grand Beile Daishan on a raid toward Datong and defeated Ming forces there. Fighting on from Yanghe toward Tiancheng and Zuowei and through Xuanfu, he and gabsihiyan janggin Wubai laid an ambush that broke the enemy, earning him a hereditary third-class jalan janggin. In the ninth year he followed Prince Dorgon into Shanxi, entering through Ningwu Pass from Pinglu wei and defeating Ming troops. He again scouted Ming positions around Jinzhou with jalan ejen Buyan, and with gabsihiyan galai angbang Laosa he shadowed Ming forces at Lengkou.

崇德三年，從貝勒岳託伐明，入牆子嶺。明兵自密雲突出，與勞薩分兵擊敗之，得巨砲二十。复擊敗明總督吳阿衡，攻真定，破太監高起潛兵，追至運糧河。敵夜犯本旗營，偕牛錄額真俄兌等力戰卻敵。六年，從鄭親王濟爾喀朗圍錦州，明兵自杏山赴援，鄭親王設伏，令席特庫以噶布什賢兵誘敵，伏發還擊，大破之。

In the third year of Chongde he followed Prince Yoto against the Ming through Qiangzi Pass. When Ming troops sallied from Miyun, he and Laosa divided their forces and routed them, capturing twenty heavy guns. He again defeated Ming governor Wu Aheng, attacked Zhending, broke the eunuch Gao Qiqian's force, and pursued the fugitives to the Yuntang River. When the enemy raided his banner's camp by night, he fought alongside niru commander Edui and drove them off. In the sixth year he joined Prince Zheng Jirhala at the siege of Jinzhou; when Ming reinforcements marched from Xingshan, Prince Zheng laid an ambush and ordered Xiteku to bait the enemy with gabsihiyan troops; the hidden force sprang up and counterattacked, inflicting a crushing defeat.

明總督洪承疇出松山拒戰，席特庫與勞薩力戰破敵。師复圍錦州，承疇以十三萬人赴援，席特庫與噶布什賢八章京迎戰，擊敗其將王朴等。承疇退塔山，我師躡擊屢勝；復退杏山，席特庫縱橫馳突，追至筆架山，斬四百餘級，得馬二百四十有奇，獲纛六。明兵自松山、杏山二城潛遁，席特庫與噶布什賢章京布爾遜追擊，斬數百人，得其駝馬。七年，克松山，從豫郡王多鐸伐明，明兵自寧遠至，擊卻之。以功進世職二等甲喇章京。旋率兵自界嶺口毀邊牆入，敗山海關明兵。將攻薊州，明總兵白騰蛟、白廣恩合軍赴援，席特庫與噶布什賢章京瑚里布督兵奮擊，破陣斬將，得馬六百有奇。

When Ming governor-general Hong Chengchou advanced from Songshan to give battle, Xiteku and Laosa fought hard and broke his force. When the army again closed around Jinzhou and Hong Chengchou marched to its relief with a hundred and thirty thousand men, Xiteku and eight gabsihiyan janggin met them in battle and defeated Wang Pu and other Ming commanders. Hong Chengchou fell back to Tashan, and our forces pursued him in a running fight, winning again and again; then fell back further to Xingshan. Xiteku charged back and forth in pursuit as far as Bijia Mountain, cutting down more than four hundred heads, seizing well over two hundred forty horses, and capturing six enemy banners. When Ming troops slipped away from Songshan and Xingshan, Xiteku and gabsihiyan janggin Bursen pursued them, killing several hundred and seizing their camels and horses. In the seventh year, after Songshan fell, he followed Prince Yu Dodo against the Ming; when Ming forces marched from Ningyuan, he drove them back. For his deeds he was promoted in hereditary rank to second-class jalan commander. He soon led his men through Jieling Pass, breaking down the frontier wall to enter Ming territory, and defeated the garrison at Shanhaiguan. As the army prepared to strike Jizhou, Ming commanders Bai Tengjiao and Bai Guang'en united their forces in relief; Xiteku and gabsihiyan janggin Hulibu led a furious assault, broke the enemy line, killed a general, and captured more than six hundred horses.

順治元年，從入關，破李自成將唐通於一片石。固山額真葉臣徇山西，上命席特庫益其軍，至絳州，渡河，下汾州、平陽，降自成將康元勳，進攻黑龍關，降明將及其兵三千人。二年，移師略湖廣，逐自成至安陸，斬四百餘級，奪其戰艦，進世職一等。

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644) he entered the passes with the main army and at Yipianshi defeated Tang Tong, a general of Li Zicheng. When gushan ejen Yechen swept through Shanxi, the emperor ordered Xiteku to reinforce him; they reached Jiangzhou, crossed the river, and seized Fenzhou and Pingyang; Kang Yuanxun, a general of Li Zicheng, surrendered; advancing on Heilong Pass, they also induced a Ming commander and three thousand of his men to submit. In the second year the army turned to Huguang; pursuing Li Zicheng as far as Anlu, Xiteku killed more than four hundred of the enemy, captured their warships, and was raised to first-rank hereditary nobility.

三年，從豫親王討蘇尼特部騰機思，次土喇河，土謝圖等部以兵遮道，席特庫督兵追擊，斬獲無算，迭進一等阿思哈尼哈番。康熙五年，卒。

In the third year he joined Prince Yu in the campaign against Tengjisi of the Sunite; when the Tuxetu and other tribes barred the road at the Tula River, Xiteku led the pursuit, inflicting countless casualties, and was raised step by step to first-class ashan i hafan. He died in the fifth year of Kangxi (1666).

藍拜，亦佟佳氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人。父噶哈，太祖時來歸，授牛錄額真。藍拜事太宗，天聰八年，授巴牙喇甲喇章京。從固山額真阿山略錦州，又從噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦勞薩率兵迎察哈爾部眾之來歸者。尋擢梅勒額真。崇德四年，以不稱職解任。尋命偕承政薩穆什喀、索海徵索倫部，仍領梅勒事，道虎爾哈部攻克雅克薩城，索倫部長博穆博果爾迎戰，與索海設伏夾擊，大破之，以功授世職牛錄章京，賜貂皮及所獲人戶。六年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗圍錦州，明兵來奪砲，擊卻之，擢兵部參政。明總督洪承疇援錦州，藍拜與諸將進擊，破三營。敵乘雨侵右翼，藍拜及甲喇額真遜塔等與戰，敵敗走。尋調禮部。

Lanbai, likewise of the Tonggia clan, came from the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner. His father Gaha came over during the reign of Taizu (Nurhaci) and was made niru commander. Lanbai served Hong Taiji and in the eighth year of Tiancong (1634) was appointed bayara jalan janggin. He joined gushan ejen Ashan in operations against Jinzhou, and later followed gabsihiyan golo i ejen Laosa to receive Chahar tribesmen coming over to the Manchus. He was soon promoted to meiren commander. In the fourth year of Chongde (1639) he was dismissed for unsatisfactory performance. He was soon ordered, together with chengse Samuskha and Suohai, to campaign against the Solon while still directing meiren affairs; marching through Hurka territory they took Yaksa; when Solon chief Bumbogor met them in battle, Lanbai and Suohai laid an ambush and crushed him from both sides; for this he received the hereditary rank of niru janggin, along with sable pelts and the households taken in the fight. In the sixth year (1641) he joined Prince Zheng Jirhala at the siege of Jinzhou; when Ming troops tried to recover their artillery he drove them off and was promoted to vice-minister of War. When Ming governor-general Hong Chengchou marched to relieve Jinzhou, Lanbai and his fellow commanders attacked and overran three enemy camps. The enemy exploited a rainstorm to strike the right flank; Lanbai, jalan commander Suntai, and others met them in battle and put them to flight. He was soon transferred to the Board of Rites.

順治元年，從入關，進世職三等甲喇章京。三年，复授梅勒額真。從大將軍孔有德徵湖南，明桂王由榔據武岡，其總督何騰蛟遣其將王進才、黃朝宣、張先璧等拒戰。有德至長沙，擊走進才，令藍拜與梅勒額真卓羅追擊，殪其眾過半。下湘潭，朝宣屯燕子窩，藍拜與梅勒額真佟岱乘艦至瀘口，督兵破其營，尋從尚可喜援桂陽，還師攻道州。又與可喜合軍攻沅州，先璧自黔陽出，扼隘為五營。藍拜率先與戰，斬七千餘級，遂薄城，先璧又以三萬人拒戰，敗潰，遂克之，賜黃白金，進世職二等。六年，兼任禮部侍郎。八年，擢固山額真，兼工部尚書。九年，調刑部。尋命罷尚書，專領固山事。累進世職二等阿思哈尼哈番。

In the first year of Shunzhi he entered the passes with the army and was raised to third-class jalan commander in hereditary rank. In the third year he was reappointed meiren commander. He followed Grand General Kong Youde into Hunan; the Ming Prince of Gui, Zhu Youlang, held Wugang, and his governor-general He Tengjiao sent Wang Jincai, Huang Chaoxuan, Zhang Xianbi, and other generals to give battle. When Youde reached Changsha and drove off Wang Jincai, he ordered Lanbai and meiren commander Dolo in pursuit; they killed more than half the fugitives. After Xiangtan fell, Huang Chaoxuan held Yanzhiwo; Lanbai and meiren commander Tondai sailed to Lükou, stormed his camp, then marched with Shang Kexi to relieve Guiyang before turning back to besiege Daozhou. He again joined forces with Shang Kexi against Yuanzhou; Zhang Xianbi marched out from Qianyang, held the defile, and deployed five camps. Lanbai led the assault, killing more than seven thousand; pressing to the walls, he broke Zhang Xianbi's fresh force of thirty thousand, took the city, and was rewarded with gold and silver and promotion to second-rank hereditary nobility. In the sixth year he also served as vice-minister of Rites. In the eighth year he was made gushan ejen while also holding the post of minister of Works. In the ninth year he was transferred to the Board of Punishments. He was soon relieved of his ministerial post and ordered to devote himself solely to banner command. His hereditary rank was raised in stages to second-class ashan i hafan.

十年，命率兵鎮湖南。明將孫可望等出峽窺湖北，藍拜督兵防禦，敵不能犯。十三年，召還。上親勞以酒，諭曰：「爾等為朕宣力年久矣。今見爾等形貌★瘠，朕心惻然！」尋以老病乞罷，加太子太保。康熙四年，卒。

In the tenth year he was ordered to garrison Hunan with his troops. When Ming commanders such as Sun Kewang probed Hubei from the gorges, Lanbai held the line and the enemy could not break through. In the thirteenth year he was recalled to court. The emperor himself offered them wine in person and said: "You have labored long in my service. Now that I see how gaunt you have become, my heart aches with pity!" Shortly afterward he asked to retire on account of age and illness and was granted the additional title Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. He died in the fourth year of Kangxi (1665).

鄂碩，棟鄂氏，滿洲正白旗人。祖棆布，太祖時率四百人來歸，賜名魯克素，子錫罕，授世職備禦。天聰初，從伐朝鮮，先驅戰沒。

Eshuo, of the Donggo clan, came from the Manchu Plain White Banner. His grandfather Rubu came over with four hundred followers in Taizu's day and received the name Luksu; his son Xiha held the hereditary rank of beyi. Early in the Tiancong era he took part in the Korean campaign and fell at the van of battle.

鄂碩，錫罕子也。太宗以錫罕死事，進世職游擊，以鄂碩襲。八年，從貝勒多鐸伐明，攻前屯衛，斬邏卒。又從噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦勞薩率將士迎察哈爾部來歸者，授牛錄額真。九年，招察哈爾部伐明，自朔州至崞縣，斬邏卒。自平魯衛出邊，明兵邀戰，鄂碩與固山額真圖爾格擊卻之。進世職二等甲喇章京，擢巴牙喇甲喇章京。

Eshuo was the son of Xiha. Because Xiha had died in the field, Hong Taiji raised the family rank to yiying and Eshuo inherited it. In the eighth year (1634) he followed Prince Dodo against the Ming, attacked Qiantun wei, and killed border patrolmen. He again followed gabsihiyan golo i ejen Laosa to receive Chahar tribesmen coming over, and was appointed niru commander. In the ninth year, with Chahar levies he raided the Ming frontier from Shuozhou to Guo county, killing border patrolmen. Marching out from Pinglu wei, he was intercepted by Ming forces; Eshuo and gushan ejen Tulge drove them back. He was raised to second-class jalan commander in hereditary rank and appointed bayara jalan janggin.

崇德元年，與勞薩將百人偵明邊，至冷口，斬邏卒，得馬十五。二年，護甲喇額真丹岱等與土默特互市，赴歸化城，斬明邏卒。三年，從睿親王多爾袞伐明，自青山口入邊，擊敗明太監高起潛兵。四年，與噶布什賢章京沙爾虎達將土默特兵三百略寧遠，挑戰，明兵堅壁不出，得其樵採者以還。

In the first year of Chongde (1636) he and Laosa took a hundred men to scout the Ming border as far as Lengkou, killing patrolmen and capturing fifteen horses. In the second year, escorting jalan commander Dantai and others on trade with the Tumed at Guihuacheng, he killed Ming border patrolmen. In the third year he followed Prince Rui Dorgon into Ming territory through Qingshankou and routed the force of the eunuch Gao Qiqian. In the fourth year he and gabsihiyan janggin Sarhuda led three hundred Tumed horse to raid Ningyuan; though they offered battle the Ming garrison refused to sally forth, and they withdrew with firewood-gatherers they had seized.

五年，從圍錦州，以噶布什賢兵敗敵騎。明總督洪承疇赴援，上營松山、杏山間，命吳拜等以偏師營高橋東。鄂碩诇明兵自杏山潰出，告吳拜，吳拜未進擊，明兵復入城。上以鄂碩不親擊責之。六年，复圍錦州，分兵略寧遠，遇明兵六百騎，擊破之，得纛二、馬六十餘。七年，從伐明，自界嶺口入邊，敗明總督范志完軍於豐潤。明兵自密雲出劫我輜重，奮擊卻之，遂越明都趨山東。師出邊，明總兵吳三桂邀戰，复擊之潰，追斬數十級，得纛三、邏卒二十九、馬二百餘。

In the fifth year (1640) he joined the siege of Jinzhou and, commanding gabsihiyan troops, routed the enemy cavalry. When Hong Chengchou marched to relieve Jinzhou, the khan encamped between Songshan and Xingshan and ordered Wubai and others to hold the east bank of Gaoqiao with a detached force. Eshuo discovered Ming troops breaking out of Xingshan in disorder and reported to Wubai, but Wubai failed to attack at once and the Ming force slipped back into the city. The khan rebuked Eshuo for not leading the attack himself. In the sixth year, during the renewed siege of Jinzhou, he sent a detachment against Ningyuan, broke six hundred Ming horsemen, and captured two banners and more than sixty horses. In the seventh year he joined the invasion through Jieling Pass and at Fengrun routed the army of Ming governor Fan Zhiwan. When Ming raiders sallied from Miyun against the baggage train, he fought them off; the army then passed the Ming capital and pressed into Shandong. On the withdrawal from Ming territory, regional commander Wu Sangui offered battle; Eshuo again broke his force, pursued it, and took dozens of heads along with three banners, twenty-nine patrolmen, and more than two hundred horses.

順治初，從入關，逐李自成至慶都，從豫親王多鐸討之。自成據潼關，倚山為寨，鄂碩與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦努山攻拔之。二年，移師南征，鄂碩將噶布什賢兵先驅，至睢寧，敗明兵。從端重親王博洛下蘇州，擊明巡撫楊文驄舟師，得戰艦二十五。趨杭州，敗明魯王以海兵，獲總兵一。復與巴牙喇纛章京哈寧阿克湖州。世職累進二等阿思哈尼哈番。六年，擢鑲白旗滿洲梅勒額真。從鄭親王濟爾哈朗徵湖廣。師還，賚白金三百。八年，授巴牙喇纛章京。十三年，擢內大臣。世職累進一等精奇尼哈番。十四年，以其女冊封皇貴妃，進三等伯。十四年，卒，贈三等侯，諡剛毅。子費揚古，自有傳。

At the start of the Shunzhi reign he entered the passes, pursued Li Zicheng to Qingdu, and joined Prince Yu Dodo in hunting him down. When Li Zicheng held Tong Pass behind mountain stockades, Eshuo and gabsihiyan golo i ejen Nusan stormed and seized them. In the second year the army marched south; Eshuo led the gabsihiyan van to Suining and broke the Ming force there. He followed Prince Duanzhong Bolo in the capture of Suzhou, defeated the fleet of governor Yang Wencong, and took twenty-five warships. Pressing on to Hangzhou, he routed the troops of the Ming Prince of Lu, Zhu Yihai, and captured a regional commander. He then joined bayara dafan janggin Haninga in the capture of Huzhou. His hereditary rank was raised in stages to second-class ashan i hafan. In the sixth year he was made meiren commander of the Bordered White Banner Manchus. He followed Prince Zheng Jirhala on the Huguang campaign. When the army returned he was rewarded with three hundred taels of silver. In the eighth year he was appointed bayara dafan janggin. In the thirteenth year he was raised to grand minister of the interior. His hereditary rank was raised in stages to first-class jingkini hafan. In the fourteenth year his rank rose to third-class baron when his daughter was invested as Imperial Noble Consort. In the fourteenth year he died and was posthumously ennobled as third-class marquis with the posthumous name Gangyi ("Resolute"). His son Feiyanggu has a separate biography.

羅碩，鄂碩兄也。初授刑部理事官。從入關，擢甲喇額真。順治六年，姜襄叛，命梅勒額真卦喇駐軍太原。瓖遣兵陷清源，與卦喇分道擊之，瓖兵棄城走，斬五千餘級。瓖遣兵犯太原，從端重親王博洛破賊壘，斬萬餘級。其徒圍絳州，擾浮山，迭戰勝之。八年，擢工部侍郎。進世職三等阿思哈尼哈番。九年，從征湖南，失利，奪官，降世職。尋授大理寺卿。十七年，以從女追冊端敬皇后，授一等阿思哈尼哈番。康熙四年，卒。

Luoshuo was Eshuo's elder brother. He began as a clerk in the Board of Punishments. After entering the passes with the army he was promoted to jalan commander. In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), when Jiang Xiang rebelled, meiren commander Gwal'a was ordered to garrison Taiyuan. When Jiang Xiang sent troops to seize Qingyuan, Luoshuo and Gwal'a struck on separate routes; the rebels abandoned the city and fled, and more than five thousand were killed. When Jiang Xiang's army threatened Taiyuan, Luoshuo followed Prince Duanzhong Bolo in storming the rebel strongholds and killing more than ten thousand. When the rebels besieged Jiangzhou and harried Fushan, he fought them again and again and prevailed. In the eighth year he was promoted to vice-minister of Works. He was raised to third-class ashan i hafan in hereditary rank. In the ninth year, on the Hunan campaign, he met with defeat, was stripped of office, and demoted in hereditary rank. He was soon appointed chief judge of the Court of Judicial Review. In the seventeenth year, because his kinswoman was posthumously invested as Empress Xiaohuizhang (Duanjing), he was granted first-class ashan i hafan. He died in the fourth year of Kangxi (1665).

鄂爾多，羅碩孫。初授侍衛，累遷至侍郎，歷戶、刑二部。授內務府總管，擢尚書，歷兵、戶、吏三部。卒，諡敏恪。

E'erduo was Luoshuo's grandson. He began as a bodyguard and rose through the ranks to vice-minister, serving in the Boards of Revenue and Punishments. He became superintendent-general of the Imperial Household Department, was promoted to minister, and held posts in the Boards of War, Revenue, and Personnel. When he died he was given the posthumous name Minke ("Diligent and Reverent").

伊拜，赫舍里氏，世居齋谷。父拜思哈，歸太祖，授牛錄額真。旗制定，隸滿洲正藍旗。卒，伊拜與其兄宜巴里、弟庫爾闡分轄所屬，為牛錄額真。太宗即位，察哈爾部貝勒圖爾濟來歸，命伊拜迎犒。天聰八年，上自將伐明，命伊拜徵科爾沁部兵，予世職半個前程。九年，遷正白旗蒙古固山額真。

Yibai, of the Heseri clan, came from Zhaigu, where his family had long lived. His father Baisiha came over to Taizu (Nurhaci) and was made niru commander. When the Eight Banners were organized, the family was assigned to the Manchu Plain Blue Banner. After Baisiha's death, Yibai and his elder brother Yibali and younger brother Kuerchan divided their followers among themselves, each becoming niru commander. When Hong Taiji ascended the throne and Chahar beile Turji came over, Yibai was ordered to go out and welcome him with rewards. In the eighth year of Tiancong (1634), Hong Taiji himself led a campaign against the Ming and ordered Yibai to raise troops from the Khorchin tribes; he was granted half a step in hereditary rank. In the ninth year (1635) he was made Mongol gushan ejen of the Plain White Banner.

崇德元年，從伐明，入長城，攻克昌平等州縣，俘獲甚眾。三年九月，從伐明，入青山口，薄明都，徇山東。五年，從伐明，圍錦州。明兵自杏山、松山赴援，城兵出戰，伊拜屢擊敗之。六年，复圍錦州，破明兵，進世職牛錄章京。洪承疇赴援，上自將擊之，命諸將分屯要隘，要明兵，伊拜與梅勒額真譚拜等依杏山而營。明兵敗走，伊拜逐擊至塔山，明兵多赴水死。七年，遂破承疇，下錦州，命伊拜戍杏山。八年，復命與輔國公篇古戍錦州。是時軍紀嚴，將士有過，輒論罰，伊拜屢坐罰鍰、罰馬。

In the first year of Chongde (1636) he joined the campaign against the Ming, entered the Great Wall, captured Changping and neighboring prefectures and counties, and took a great number of prisoners. In the ninth month of the third year (1638) he again joined the Ming campaign, entered through Qingshankou, pushed toward the Ming capital, and ranged through Shandong. In the fifth year (1640) he joined the campaign against the Ming and helped besiege Jinzhou. When Ming reinforcements advanced from Xingshan and Songshan and the garrison sortied, Yibai repeatedly routed them in battle. In the sixth year (1641), during the renewed siege of Jinzhou, he defeated Ming forces and was promoted to hereditary niru janggin. When Hong Chengchou brought reinforcements, Hong Taiji personally took the field and ordered his generals to hold the strategic passes and block the Ming army; Yibai and meile ejen Tanbai encamped below Xingshan. The Ming army broke and fled; Yibai pursued them to Tashan, where many drowned trying to escape across the water. In the seventh year (1642) Hong Chengchou was finally defeated and Jinzhou fell; Yibai was ordered to garrison Xingshan. In the eighth year (1643) he was again ordered, together with Fuguo gong Fangu, to garrison Jinzhou. Discipline in the army was strict at this time, and officers and soldiers were promptly punished for any offense; Yibai himself was repeatedly fined in silver and required to forfeit horses.

順治元年，調正藍旗蒙古固山額真。從入關，擊李自成。尋與固山額真葉臣等徇山西，克太原，撫定旁近州縣。師還，賚白金三百。二年，從英親王阿濟格徇陝西，逐自成至武昌，屢擊破賊壘。三年，進三等阿達哈哈番。五年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗徇湖南，時衡州、寶慶諸府尚為明守。六年，師克湘潭，伊拜與固山額真佟圖賴等分兵向衡州，未至三十里，明兵千餘人據橋立寨，伊拜與侍郎碩詹擊之潰。薄城，戰屢勝，斬明將陶養用，遂克衡州。別軍略寶慶及辰、沅、靖、武岡諸州，皆定。師還，賚白金三百。尋請老，授議政大臣。累進一等阿思哈尼哈番。十五年，卒，贈太子太保，諡勤直。第三子費揚武，襲世職。

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644) he was transferred to Mongol gushan ejen of the Plain Blue Banner. He entered the pass with the main army and fought Li Zicheng. Shortly afterward he joined gushan ejen Yechen and others in sweeping through Shanxi, capturing Taiyuan and pacifying the surrounding prefectures and counties. When the army returned, he was rewarded with three hundred taels of silver. In the second year (1645) he followed Prince Ying Ajige through Shaanxi, pursued Li Zicheng as far as Wuchang, and repeatedly shattered rebel fortifications. In the third year (1646) he was promoted to third-class adahafan. In the fifth year (1648) he followed Prince Zheng Jirhala into Hunan, where Hengzhou, Baoxing, and other prefectures were still in Ming hands. In the sixth year (1649) the army took Xiangtan; Yibai and gushan ejen Toto split their forces toward Hengzhou, and when more than a thousand Ming troops held a bridge and fortified a camp less than thirty li from the city, Yibai and Vice Minister Shuozhan routed them. Pressing to the walls, he won successive engagements, killed the Ming commander Tao Yangyong, and captured Hengzhou. Separate detachments secured Baoxing and the prefectures of Chen, Yuan, Jing, and Wugang; all were brought under control. When the army returned, he was again granted three hundred taels of silver. Shortly afterward he petitioned to retire on account of age and was appointed a deliberative council minister. His hereditary rank was raised in stages to first-class asihanifan. In the fifteenth year (1658) he died; he was posthumously honored as Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and given the posthumous name Qinzhi ("Diligent and Upright"). His third son Feiyangwu inherited the hereditary rank.

庫爾闡，天聰間，以牛錄額真從伐黑龍江，有功，予世職半個前程。崇德三年，授都察院理事官，兼甲喇額真。五年，從伐索倫部，與其部長博穆博果爾力戰，卻之。從睿親王多爾袞圍錦州，攻松山，戰有功。六年，擢都察院參政。復從圍錦州，明兵自松山來，將奪軍中砲，庫爾闡擊卻之。率師依山為寨，明兵復來攻，勢甚猛，工部承政薩穆什喀欲遣兵助戰，庫爾闡辭焉，獨以所部迎戰，斬四十一級，得云梯、槍砲、甲楯、旗幟，進世職牛錄章京。八年，遷正藍旗蒙古梅勒額真。

During the Tiancong era, Kuerchan served as niru ejen on campaigns against the Heilongjiang peoples, distinguished himself, and was granted half a step in hereditary rank. In the third year of Chongde (1638) he was appointed censorate commissioner and concurrently jalan ejen. In the fifth year (1640) he joined the expedition against the Solon tribes and fought fiercely against their chief Bumbogor, driving him back. He followed Prince Rui Dorgon in besieging Jinzhou and attacking Songshan and distinguished himself in the fighting. In the sixth year (1641) he was promoted to censorate vice commissioner. During the renewed siege of Jinzhou, Ming forces advancing from Songshan tried to seize Qing artillery; Kuerchan repulsed them. Kuerchan fortified a camp on the mountainside; when Ming forces returned in overwhelming strength, Works chief commissioner Samushka offered reinforcements, but Kuerchan refused and fought alone with his own troops, killing forty-one of the enemy and capturing scaling ladders, firearms, armor, shields, and banners; he was promoted to hereditary niru janggin. In the eighth year (1643) he was transferred to Mongol meile ejen of the Plain Blue Banner.

順治初，從入關，逐李自成至慶都，加半個前程。旋從豫親王多鐸破自成潼關，累進二等甲喇章京。四年，命帥師駐防濟南。淄川寇發，庫爾闡遣兵討之。部議責庫爾闡不親赴，當罰鍰，盡削其官職，上但命倍其罰。五年，遷都察院承政，尋仍改參政。六年，從譚泰討金聲桓江西，卒於軍，進一等阿達哈哈番。

At the start of the Shunzhi reign he entered the pass, pursued Li Zicheng to Qingdu, and received an additional half step in hereditary rank. He then followed Prince Yu Dodo in breaking Li Zicheng at Tong Pass and was successively raised to second-class jalan janggin. In the fourth year (1647) he was ordered to command a garrison at Jinan. When bandits rose at Zichuan, Kuerchan sent troops to suppress them. The ministry held that Kuerchan should have gone in person, liable to a fine and complete stripping of office; the emperor ordered only that his fine be doubled. In the fifth year (1648) he was made censorate chief commissioner, but soon reverted to vice commissioner. In the sixth year (1649) he followed Tan Tai against Jin Shenghuan in Jiangxi and died in camp; he was posthumously promoted to first-class adahafan.

阿哈尼堪，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，世居葉赫。天命時，曾祖椿布倫，偕兄楚隆阿、弟昂古里來歸。阿哈尼堪初授牛錄額真。天聰九年，同蒙古兩黃旗將領布哈、阿濟拜略明寧遠，明兵千人追至，還擊，敗之。崇德二年，從征朝鮮，取江華島。五年，從承政薩穆什喀、索海伐虎爾哈部，克雅克薩城。博穆博果爾以兩烏喇兵六千來襲正藍旗後隊，索海設伏擊之，阿哈尼堪與焉。又攻掛喇爾，先入屯，授世職牛錄章京。擢禮部參政。六年，從伐明，圍錦州，擊敗松山援兵。又與固山額真宗室拜音圖敗明總督洪承疇兵。松山守將夜襲我軍，又遣步兵犯正黃旗蒙古汛地，阿哈尼堪擊卻之。擢鑲黃旗梅勒額真。

Ahanikan, of the Fuca clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner from Yehe, where his family had long lived. During the Tianming era his great-grandfather Chunbulun came over together with his elder brother Chulong'a and younger brother Angguri. Ahanikan was first made niru commander. In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635) he joined the Mongol commanders Buha and Ajibai of the two Yellow Banners in raiding Ming Ningyuan; when a thousand Ming troops pursued, they turned and routed them. In the second year of Chongde (1637) he joined the expedition against Korea and captured Ganghwa Island. In the fifth year (1640) he followed chief commissioner Samushka and Suohai against the Hurka tribes and captured Yaksa. When Bumbogor led six thousand Uriankhai troops in a surprise attack on the Plain Blue Banner rear guard, Suohai laid an ambush—and Ahanikan fought in it. Attacking Gualar, he was first into the enemy camp and was granted hereditary niru janggin. He was promoted to vice commissioner of the Board of Rites. In the sixth year (1641) he joined the Ming campaign, helped besiege Jinzhou, and defeated Songshan reinforcements. He also joined gushan ejen the imperial clansman Baiyintu in defeating the army of Ming governor-general Hong Chengchou. The Songshan garrison commander launched a night raid on the Qing camp, and infantry also attacked the Bordered Yellow Banner Mongol outposts; Ahanikan drove both back. He was promoted to meile ejen of the Bordered Yellow Banner.

順治元年，從入關，擊李自成。世祖將遷都燕京，命內大臣何洛會鎮盛京，阿哈尼堪與梅勒額真碩詹將左右翼為之佐。尋命偕固山額真阿山等率兵之蒲州，助剿流寇。二年，進世職三等甲喇章京。大將軍豫親王多鐸南征，命阿哈尼堪會師，自河南下江南攻揚州，明兵來援，率甲喇額真班代等連戰皆捷，與固山額真瑪喇希克常熟。三年，從豫親王北討蒙古蘇尼特部，騰機思遁走，追擊，斬百餘級，俘獲無算，進世職一等。四年，擢兵部尚書。

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644) he entered the pass and fought Li Zicheng. When the Shunzhi emperor planned to move the capital to Yanjing, he ordered inner minister Helo to hold Shengjing; Ahanikan and meile ejen Shuozhan commanded the left and right wings as his deputies. Soon he was ordered with gushan ejen Aishan and others to lead troops to Puzhou to help suppress the roving bandits. In the second year (1645) his hereditary rank was raised to third-class jalan janggin. When Grand Marshal Prince Yu Dodo marched south, Ahanikan was ordered to join the campaign; from Henan he descended on Jiangnan and attacked Yangzhou; when Ming reinforcements arrived, he led jalan ejen Bandai and others to victory after victory, and with gushan ejen Malaxi captured Changshu. In the third year (1646) he followed Prince Yu on the northern expedition against the Mongol Sunite tribes; when Tenggis fled, he pursued and killed more than a hundred of the enemy and took countless captives; his hereditary rank was raised to first class. In the fourth year (1647) he was promoted to Minister of War.

六年，鄭親王濟爾哈朗師略湖廣，阿哈尼堪與固山額真劉之源別將兵趨寶慶，明將王進才、馬進忠城守。師夜薄城，平旦，明兵出戰，急擊殲之，遂克寶慶。明將馬有誌等九營屯南山，阿哈尼堪乘勝奮進，陣斬有誌等。師徇洪江，又破袁宗第十營，克沅州。師復進，留阿哈尼堪駐守。明將王強等來攻，阿哈尼堪遣署巴牙喇纛章京都爾德等迎擊，戰沅水上，大破之，斬裨將三、兵七百餘。七年，師還，賜白金三百。調禮部尚書，加世職拖沙喇哈番。

In the sixth year (1649) Prince Zheng Jirhala's army swept through Huguang; Ahanikan and gushan ejen Liu Zhiyuan led a separate force toward Baoxing, where Ming generals Wang Jincai and Ma Jinzhong held the city. The army closed on the city by night; at daybreak the Ming garrison sortied, was swiftly destroyed, and Baoxing fell. Ming general Ma Youzhi and nine camps held South Mountain; Ahanikan pressed the advantage, charged forward, and killed Youzhi and others on the field. The army swept through Hongjiang, broke Yuan Zongdi's tenth camp, and captured Yuanzhou. As the main army advanced farther, Ahanikan was left behind to garrison the region. When Ming general Wang Qiang and others attacked, Ahanikan sent acting bayara banner janggin Guerde and others to meet them; fighting on the Yuan River they won a crushing victory, killing three Ming sub-generals and more than seven hundred troops. In the seventh year (1650), when the army returned, he was granted three hundred taels of silver. He was transferred to Minister of Rites and granted the hereditary rank of tosahafan.

睿親王遣迎朝鮮王弟，阿哈尼堪啟巽親王滿達海等，以甲喇額真恩德代行。事覺，下王大臣會勘，論死，得旨，奪世職，罰鍰以贖。尋复世職，累進一等阿思哈尼哈番。八年，卒。

When Prince Rui dispatched envoys to welcome the Korean king's younger brother, Ahanikan reported to Prince Xun Mandahai and others and had jalan ejen Ende go in his place. When the affair was discovered, princes and ministers jointly investigated and recommended the death penalty; by imperial order his hereditary rank was stripped and he was fined to redeem his life. His hereditary rank was soon restored, and he was raised in stages to first-class asihanifan. In the eighth year (1651) he died.

星訥，覺爾察氏，滿洲正白旗人。初事太祖，授二等侍衛，兼牛錄額真。從伐明，次塔山北，遇蒙古兵四百，射殺其渠。事太宗，伐察哈爾，以二十人偵敵張家口，遇明兵，御之四晝夜，俟貝勒阿濟格軍至，益兵二百擊破之。察哈爾部多爾濟蘇爾海倚山立寨，列火器拒守，星訥率巴牙喇兵先登破敵。天聰八年，復從上伐察哈爾，星訥佐額駙布顏代率蒙古兵進哈麻爾嶺，招其部俄爾塞圖等來降。移師伐明，與席特庫等略大同。論功，予世職半個前程，授刑部參政。

Xingne, of the Jerci clan, was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner. He first served Taizu (Nurhaci), becoming a second-class bodyguard and concurrently niru commander. On a campaign against the Ming he halted north of Tashan, encountered four hundred Mongol troops, and shot and killed their chieftain. Under Hong Taiji he campaigned against Chahar; with twenty men he scouted the enemy at Zhangjiakou and held off Ming troops for four days and nights until beile Ajige's army arrived; reinforced by two hundred men, he routed them. Chahar chief Dorjisuohai fortified a mountain camp and deployed firearms in defense; Xingne led bayara troops in the first assault and broke the enemy position. In the eighth year of Tiancong (1634), again following Hong Taiji against Chahar, Xingne assisted imperial son-in-law Buyandai in leading Mongol troops over Hamar Ridge and received the submission of Orsetu and others of that tribe. The army then turned against the Ming, and with Xiteku and others he raided Datong. When merits were tallied, he received half a step in hereditary rank and was appointed vice commissioner of the Board of Punishments.

崇德三年，與承政葉克舒伐黑龍江，師有功，其兄辛泰、弟西爾圖戰沒，當得世職，合為三等甲喇章京。尋坐事降理事官。四年，授巴牙喇甲喇章京，兼議政大臣。尋遷梅勒額真。六年，授工部參政。八年，擢承政。

In the third year of Chongde (1638) he joined chief commissioner Yekešu against the Heilongjiang region; the army distinguished itself, but his elder brother Sintai and younger brother Xirtu were killed in battle—their combined hereditary entitlement made him third-class jalan janggin. He was soon demoted to commissioner for an offense. In the fourth year (1639) he was appointed bayara jalan janggin and concurrently a deliberative council minister. He was soon made meile ejen. In the sixth year (1641) he was appointed vice commissioner of the Board of Works. In the eighth year (1643) he was promoted to chief commissioner.

順治元年，從入關，改尚書，進世職一等。三年，從討張獻忠，師還，加太子少保。六年，從討姜瓖，攻大同。瓖以精銳出戰，填塹毀垣，星訥督將士持短兵，力戰卻之。瓖背城為陣，星訥督將士直壓其壘，師乘之，殲其精銳略盡，進世職二等阿思哈尼哈番。

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644) he entered the pass, was made a minister, and his hereditary rank was raised to first class. In the third year (1646) he joined the campaign against Zhang Xianzhong and, on the army's return, was granted Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In the sixth year (1649) he joined the campaign against Jiang Xiang and besieged Datong. Jiang Xiang led his best troops in a sortie, filling the moats and breaching the walls; Xingne rallied his men with side arms and fought them off. Jiang Xiang drew up his line with the city at his back; Xingne led his troops in a direct assault on the enemy camp, and the army followed up and nearly wiped out Xiang's elite force; he was promoted to second-class asihanifan.

八年，英親王阿濟格得罪，星訥故為王屬，坐奪官，削世職，籍家產之半。尋复授工部尚書、議政大臣。十年，以老致仕。十四年，星訥自訟軍功，复世職一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。康熙十三年，卒，諡敏襄。

In the eighth year (1651) Prince Ying Ajige fell from grace; Xingne, who had once served under him, was stripped of office and hereditary rank and half his property was confiscated. He was soon restored as Minister of Works and deliberative council minister. In the tenth year (1653) he retired on account of age. In the fourteenth year (1657) Xingne petitioned on his own behalf citing his military merits, and his hereditary rank was restored to first-class adahafan with tosahafan. In the thirteenth year of Kangxi (1674) he died and was given the posthumous name Minxiang ("Keen and Supportive").

褚庫，薩爾圖氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，先世居札魯特。祖柏德，遷居葉赫，來歸。天聰四年，師圍大凌河，褚庫年十七，從軍。明軍中蒙古將徹濟格突陣，褚庫迎擊，生獲以歸。复伐明，攻萬全左衛，褚庫先登，頸被創，猶力戰破其城。論功，授世職備禦，賜號「巴圖魯」。授牛錄額真，兼甲喇額真。崇德三年，授吏部理事官。

Chuku, of the Sartu clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner whose ancestors came from Jarud. His grandfather Bode moved to Yehe and came over to the Qing. In the fourth year of Tiancong, when the army besieged Dalinghe, Chuku was only seventeen and went to war. When the Mongol general Chejige in the Ming ranks charged out of the line, Chuku met him head-on and took him alive. On another Ming campaign he was first over the wall at Wanquan Left Guard; though wounded in the neck, he fought on until the city fell. When his merits were tallied, he received the hereditary rank of beiyu and the title Baturu, Valiant Warrior. He was appointed niru commander and also served as jalan ejen. In the third year of Chongde he was made a clerk in the Board of Civil Appointments.

順治元年，入關，從英親王阿濟格討李自成，略湖廣，自成將吳伯益以三千人拒戰，褚庫擊之，敗走。三年，從肅親王豪格討張獻忠，略陝西，與尚書星訥擊獻忠將高汝礪等，遂下四川，屢敗獻忠兵。六年，從討姜瓖，圍大同，敗襄將楊振威。師還，坐值宿失印鑰，解理事官。九年，從固山額真噶達渾徵鄂爾多斯部，與其部長多爾濟戰賀蘭山，俘獲甚眾。世職累進二等阿達哈哈番。

In the first year of Shunzhi, after entering the passes, he followed Prince Ying Ajige against Li Zicheng into Huguang; when Zicheng's general Wu Boyi blocked the way with three thousand men, Chuku attacked and routed him. In the third year he followed Prince Su Haoge against Zhang Xianzhong, campaigned through Shaanxi, and with Minister Xingne defeated generals including Gao Rushi before pushing into Sichuan, where he repeatedly routed Xianzhong's forces. In the sixth year he joined the campaign against Jiang Xiang, besieged Datong, and defeated Xiang's general Yang Zhenwei. On the army's return he was stripped of his clerkship for losing the official seal and keys while on night duty. In the ninth year he followed gushan ejen Gadahun against the Ordos, fought their chief Dorji at Helan Mountain, and took a great number of captives. His hereditary rank rose in stages to second-class adahafan.

十三年，鄭成功攻福州，時鄭親王世子濟度率師次漳州，遣梅勒額真阿克善與褚庫別將兵赴援。成功以戰艦二百自烏龍江來犯，褚庫督兵迎戰，逐至大江口，得舟十二。成功又以千餘人屯江岸，褚庫督兵奮擊，斬二百餘級。康熙二年，擢正紅旗蒙古副都統，進世職一等。七年，以老乞休。十四年，卒，諡襄壯。

In the thirteenth year, when Zheng Chenggong attacked Fuzhou, Prince Zheng's heir Jidu was encamped at Zhangzhou and sent meiren ejen Akeshan with Chuku in a separate column to relieve the city. Chenggong brought two hundred warships up the Wulong River; Chuku met him in battle, pursued him to Dajiangkou, and captured twelve vessels. When Chenggong posted another thousand men along the riverbank, Chuku led a fierce assault that left more than two hundred of the enemy dead. In the second year of Kangxi he was promoted to Mongol deputy commander of the Plain Red Banner, and his hereditary rank was raised to first class. In the seventh year he asked to retire on grounds of age. He died in the fourteenth year and was given the posthumous name Xiangzhuang, Supportive and Valiant.

科爾昆、覺善、甘都逮事太祖，譚拜以下諸將，則太宗所驅策，入關後四征不庭，成一統之業，皆與有功焉。科爾昆尤忠直，與席特庫、褚庫並以驍武搴旗陷陣。干城腹心，由此其選矣。

Koerhun, Jueshan, and Gandu had served Taizu; the commanders from Tan Bai onward were shaped by Hong Taiji; after the entry into China they campaigned repeatedly against recalcitrant foes and helped complete the work of unification—all played their part. Koerhun was especially noted for loyalty and integrity; he, Xiteku, and Chuku were alike famed for seizing enemy banners and breaking through the line in battle. As defenders of the realm and men the throne could trust at its core, it was from such warriors that the choice was made.

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