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列傳三十
Biography 30
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沙爾虎達子巴海安珠瑚劉之源吳守進巴山張大猷喀喀木
Sha Erhuda; his son Bahai; Anzhuhu; Liu Zhiyuan; Wu Shoujin; Ba Shan; Zhang Dayou; and Kakamu
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梁化鳳子鼐劉芳名胡有升楊名高劉光弼劉仲錦
Liang Huafeng; his son Nai; Liu Fangming; Hu Yousheng; Yang Minggao; Liu Guangbi; and Liu Zhongjin
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沙爾虎達，瓜爾佳氏，其先蘇完部人，居虎爾哈。 太祖時，從其父桂勒赫來歸，授牛錄額真。 天命初，從伐瓦爾喀部，有功，授世職備禦。 天聰元年，太宗自將伐明，攻大凌河，圍錦州，沙爾虎達以噶布什賢章京從，屢戰輒勝。 三年，復從伐明，拔遵化，薄明都，沙爾虎達戰郭外，敗明兵，進世職游擊。 自是數奉命與噶布什賢章京勞薩等率遊騎入明邊，往來松山、杏山間，獲明邏卒十八及牙將為邏卒監者，並得牲畜、器械甚夥。 大凌河城下，明將祖大壽降，既，復入錦州為明守。 上遣諸將略錦州，使沙爾虎達懸書十三站山坡諭大壽。 九年，與白奇超哈將領巴蘭奇等徇黑龍江，加半個前程。 冬，复略錦州，還，獻俘，命分賚將士。
Sha Erhuda was of the Guwalgiya clan. His forebears belonged to the Suwan tribe and lived in Hurka. During the reign of the Grand Ancestor Nurhaci, he accompanied his father Guilehe in submitting to the Jin and was made a company commander. Early in the Tianming era he took part in the campaign against the Warka tribe. For his service he received the hereditary title of Chief Commander for Defense. In the first year of Tiancong, Emperor Taizong led the army against Ming in person, assaulting Dalinghe and besieging Jinzhou. Sha Erhuda served as an elite officer and won victory after victory. In the third year he again joined the campaign against Ming. Zunhua was taken and the army pressed toward the Ming capital. Sha Erhuda fought outside the city walls, routed the Ming forces, and was promoted to hereditary guerrilla colonel. Thereafter he was repeatedly dispatched with the elite officer Laosa and others to lead raiding cavalry into Ming territory, operating between Songshan and Xingshan. They captured eighteen Ming border soldiers along with a junior officer who oversaw them, and seized large numbers of livestock and weapons besides. At Dalinghe, the Ming commander Zu Dashou surrendered. Later, however, he returned to Jinzhou and resumed its defense for Ming. The emperor sent his generals to probe Jinzhou and ordered Sha Erhuda to post a letter on the hillside at the Thirteen Stations urging Dashou to submit. In the ninth year he joined Commander Balanqi of Baiqichao Ha and others on a campaign along the Amur and received an additional half-rank promotion. That winter he raided Jinzhou again. When he returned with prisoners, the court ordered him to distribute rewards to his officers and men.
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崇德元年，從伐朝鮮，破敵南漢山城。 二年，列議政大臣。 甲喇額真丹岱、阿爾津等如土默特互市，上盧明兵要諸途，命沙爾虎達帥師詣歸化城護行。 三年，與噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦吳拜將八十人行邊，至紅山口，遇明兵，斬裨將二； 擊走明騎兵自羅文峪至者，搴其纛，得馬四十； 又破明步兵自密雲至者，斬百餘級。 四年，上自將伐明，沙爾虎達將噶布什賢兵自義州向錦州，復將土默特兵二百人入寧遠北境，與甲喇額真蘇爾德、鄂碩、布丹為伏，以數騎致明師，明師堅壁不應，乃掠其採薪者以歸。 五年，進世職二等甲喇章京。
In the first year of Chongde he joined the invasion of Korea and defeated the enemy at Namhansanseong. In the second year he was appointed to the council of deliberative ministers. When the jalan commanders Dantai and Arjin traveled to Tumed for the trade fair, the emperor clarified the military routes and ordered Sha Erhuda to lead troops to Guihuacheng to protect the mission. In the third year he and the elite officer Wubai led eighty men on a border raid. At Hongshankou they met Ming forces and killed two assistant generals; they drove off Ming cavalry advancing from Luowenyu, captured their battle standard, and took forty horses; and they also broke Ming infantry advancing from Miyun, killing more than a hundred men. In the fourth year the emperor led an expedition against Ming in person. Sha Erhuda commanded elite troops from Yizhou toward Jinzhou, then took two hundred Tumed soldiers into the northern reaches of Ningyuan. With the jalan commanders Surde, Eshuo, and Budan he set an ambush and sent a few horsemen to bait the Ming army. When the Ming forces refused to come out and held their walls, they seized wood-gatherers and withdrew. In the fifth year he was promoted to hereditary second-class jalan colonel.
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六年三月，從睿親王多爾袞圍錦州，坐從王令離城遠駐，當奪職，籍家產之半，上命罰鍰。 八月，遷噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦。 上自將禦洪承疇，部分諸將擊敵，賜沙爾虎達馬，使將所部屯高橋東界，諭曰：「敵敗，當自杏山西台截大道躡擊之，毋使入城。」 且誡之曰：「汝平日行不逮言，今當自勉！」 既戰，明師敗，沙爾虎達違節制，縱潰兵二百餘入城。 上命係而問之，沙爾虎達稽首對曰：「殺臣祗一死，宥當效命。」 上乃宥之，降授甲喇額真。 七年，與珠瑪喇率師伐虎爾哈部，降喀爾喀木等十七人、戶千餘，得馬騾牲畜。 師還，宴勞，賚布帛有差。
In the third month of the sixth year he joined Prince Rui Dorgon in the siege of Jinzhou. Because he had camped too far from the city in defiance of the prince's orders, he was liable to lose his post and half his estate, but the emperor commuted the penalty to a fine. In the eighth month he was promoted to senior elite officer. The emperor took command against Hong Chengchou, deployed the generals to attack the enemy, gave Sha Erhuda horses, and posted his unit on the eastern side of Gaoqiao with these orders: "If the enemy breaks, cut them off on the main road from the western terrace of Xingshan and pursue them. Do not let them reach the city." He also warned him: "Your deeds have never matched your words. Now you must do better!" After the fighting began the Ming army was routed, but Sha Erhuda disobeyed orders and allowed more than two hundred fugitives to escape into the city. The emperor had him bound and questioned. Sha Erhuda kowtowed and said: "Execution is the only death I deserve. If you spare me, I will repay you with my life." The emperor pardoned him but demoted him to jalan commander. In the seventh year he and Zhumarha led an expedition against the Hurka tribe. Seventeen men including Karkamu submitted along with more than a thousand households, and they seized horses, mules, and other livestock. On their return the troops were feasted and rewarded with gifts of cloth and silk according to rank.
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順治元年，伐庫爾喀，伐黑龍江，皆有功。 復從擊李自成，破潼關。 二年，從攻江寧，下杭州，進世職一等甲喇章京。 四年，授梅勒額真。 帥師屯東昌，討平土寇丁維岳、張堯中，加半個前程。 五年，從討江西叛將金聲桓。 遷巴牙喇纛額真，復為議政大臣。 六年，定河間土寇。 七年，調鑲藍旗滿洲梅勒額真。 累進一等阿思哈尼哈番。 九年七月，命帥師駐防寧古塔。 十年，擢固山額真，仍留鎮，賜冠服、鞍馬。 十五年七月，俄羅斯寇邊，沙爾虎達擊之走，多所俘馘。 十六年，卒，諡襄壯。 以其子巴海襲。
In the first year of Shunzhi he distinguished himself in campaigns against the Kurka people and along the Amur. He also joined the campaign against Li Zicheng and helped break Tongguan. In the second year he took part in the assault on Jiangning and the capture of Hangzhou, and was promoted to hereditary first-class jalan colonel. In the fourth year he was made a meiren commander. He commanded troops garrisoned at Dongchang, put down the local bandits Ding Weiyue and Zhang Yaozhong, and received an additional half-rank promotion. In the fifth year he joined the campaign against the Jiangxi rebel Jin Shenghuan. He was appointed commander of the Vanguard Banner and again joined the council of deliberative ministers. In the sixth year he suppressed the bandits of Hejian. In the seventh year he was transferred to meiren commander of the Bordered Blue Banner Manchus. He rose by stages to first-class baron. In the seventh month of the ninth year he was ordered to take command of the garrison at Ningguta. In the tenth year he was promoted to banner commander, kept in charge of the frontier post, and given court dress and horses. In the seventh month of the fifteenth year, when Russian raiders struck the frontier, Sha Erhuda repulsed them and took many prisoners and heads. He died in the sixteenth year and was given the posthumous name Xiangzhuang. His son Bahai succeeded to his hereditary rank.
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巴海初以牛錄額真事世祖，累遷秘書院侍讀學士。 既襲世職，上諭吏部曰：「寧古塔邊地，沙爾虎達駐防久，得人心。 巴海勤慎，堪代其父。 授寧古塔總管。」 十七年，俄羅斯复寇邊，巴海與梅勒章京尼哈里等帥師至黑龍江、松花江交匯處，诇敵在飛牙喀西境，即疾趨使犬部界，分部舟師，潛伏江隈。 俄羅斯人以舟至，伏起合擊，我師有五舟戰不利。 既，俄羅斯人敗，棄舟走，巴海逐戰，斬六十餘級。 俄羅斯人入水死者甚眾，得其舟槍砲若他械，因降飛牙喀百二十餘戶。 敘功，加拖沙喇哈番。 明年，以巴海奏捷諱未言有五舟戰不利，盡削原襲及功加世職。
Bahai began as a company commander in the service of Emperor Shizu and rose by stages to reader-in-waiting of the Secretariat. After he inherited the hereditary post, the emperor told the Board of Personnel: "At the Ningguta frontier Sha Erhuda held command for many years and won the people's loyalty. Bahai is diligent and dependable and is fit to succeed his father. Appoint him commander of Ningguta." In the seventeenth year Russian raiders struck again. Bahai and Colonel Niari led their forces to the junction of the Amur and Songhua. Learning that the enemy were on the western frontier of the Feiyaka, they hurried to the Shichuan tribal border, split the river fleet, and lay in ambush along the shore. When the Russians came by boat, the hidden forces sprang up and attacked together. Five of our boats fared badly in the fighting. Eventually the Russians were beaten, abandoned their boats, and fled. Bahai pursued them and killed more than sixty men. Large numbers of Russians drowned. They captured the enemy boats along with muskets, cannon, and other arms, and in consequence more than a hundred and twenty Feiyaka households submitted. For his service he was awarded the additional title of light cavalry captain. The following year, because Bahai's victory report had omitted the setback suffered by five boats, he was stripped of both his inherited rank and the hereditary title granted for merit.
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康熙元年，改設黑龍江將軍，仍以命巴海。 十年，上東巡，詣盛京，巴海朝行在。 上問寧古塔及瓦爾喀、虎爾哈諸部風俗，巴海具以對。 諭曰：「朕初聞爾能，今侍左右，益知爾矣。 飛牙喀、赫哲雖服我，然其性暴戾，當迪以教化。 俄羅斯尤當慎防。 訓練士馬，整備器杭州，進世職一等甲喇章京。 四年，授梅勒額真。 帥師屯東昌，討平土寇丁維岳、張堯中，加半個前程。 五年，從討江西叛將金聲桓。 遷巴牙喇纛額真，復為議政大臣。 六年，定河間土寇。 七年，調鑲藍旗滿洲梅勒額真。 累進一等阿思哈尼哈番。 九年七月，命帥師駐防寧古塔。 十年，擢固山額真，仍留鎮，賜冠服、鞍馬。 十五年七月，俄羅斯寇邊，沙爾虎達擊之走，多所俘馘。 十六年，卒，諡襄壯。 以其子巴海襲。
In the first year of Kangxi the office of Amur general was created, and Bahai was again placed in command. In the tenth year the emperor made an eastern tour to Shengjing, and Bahai came to audience at the imperial camp. The emperor questioned him about the customs of Ningguta and of the Warka, Hurka, and other tribes, and Bahai answered in detail. He told him: "I had only heard of your abilities before. Now that you serve at my side, I understand you much better. Although the Feiyaka and Hezhe have submitted to us, they are by nature fierce and unruly and must be led through education and moral guidance. Above all, Russia must be watched with the greatest caution. Train your troops and horses and ready your equipment — Hangzhou, promoted to hereditary first-class jalan colonel. In the fourth year he was made a meiren commander. He commanded troops garrisoned at Dongchang, put down the local bandits Ding Weiyue and Zhang Yaozhong, and received an additional half-rank promotion. In the fifth year he joined the campaign against the Jiangxi rebel Jin Shenghuan. He was appointed commander of the Vanguard Banner and again joined the council of deliberative ministers. In the sixth year he suppressed the bandits of Hejian. In the seventh year he was transferred to meiren commander of the Bordered Blue Banner Manchus. He rose by stages to first-class baron. In the seventh month of the ninth year he was ordered to take command of the garrison at Ningguta. In the tenth year he was promoted to banner commander, kept in charge of the frontier post, and given court dress and horses. In the seventh month of the fifteenth year, when Russian raiders struck the frontier, Sha Erhuda repulsed them and took many prisoners and heads. He died in the sixteenth year and was given the posthumous name Xiangzhuang. His son Bahai succeeded to his hereditary rank.
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巴海初以牛錄額真事世祖，累遷秘書院侍讀學士。 既襲世職，上諭吏部曰：「寧古塔邊地，沙爾虎達駐防久，得人心。 巴海勤慎，堪代其父。 授寧古塔總管。」 十七年，俄羅斯复寇邊，巴海與梅勒章京尼哈里等帥師至黑龍江、松花江交匯處，诇敵在飛牙喀西境，即疾趨使犬部界，分部舟師，潛伏江隈。 俄羅斯人以舟至，伏起合擊，我師有五舟戰不利。 既，俄羅斯人敗，棄舟走，巴海逐戰，斬六十餘級。 俄羅斯人入水死者甚眾，得其舟槍砲若他械，因降飛牙喀百二十餘戶。 敘功，加拖沙喇哈番。 明年，以巴海奏捷諱未言有五舟戰不利，盡削原襲及功加世職。
Bahai began as a company commander in the service of Emperor Shizu and rose by stages to reader-in-waiting of the Secretariat. After he inherited the hereditary post, the emperor told the Board of Personnel: "At the Ningguta frontier Sha Erhuda held command for many years and won the people's loyalty. Bahai is diligent and dependable and is fit to succeed his father. Appoint him commander of Ningguta." In the seventeenth year Russian raiders struck again. Bahai and Colonel Niari led their forces to the junction of the Amur and Songhua. Learning that the enemy were on the western frontier of the Feiyaka, they hurried to the Shichuan tribal border, split the river fleet, and lay in ambush along the shore. When the Russians came by boat, the hidden forces sprang up and attacked together. Five of our boats fared badly in the fighting. Eventually the Russians were beaten, abandoned their boats, and fled. Bahai pursued them and killed more than sixty men. Large numbers of Russians drowned. They captured the enemy boats along with muskets, cannon, and other arms, and in consequence more than a hundred and twenty Feiyaka households submitted. For his service he was awarded the additional title of light cavalry captain. The following year, because Bahai's victory report had omitted the setback suffered by five boats, he was stripped of both his inherited rank and the hereditary title granted for merit.
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康熙元年，改設黑龍江將軍，仍以命巴海。 十年，上東巡，詣盛京，巴海朝行在。 上問寧古塔及瓦爾喀、虎爾哈諸部風俗，巴海具以對。 諭曰：「朕初聞爾能，今侍左右，益知爾矣。 飛牙喀、赫哲雖服我，然其性暴戾，當迪以教化。 俄羅斯尤當慎防。 訓練士馬，整備器械，毋墮其狡謀。 爾膺邊方重任，當黽勉報知遇！」
In the first year of Kangxi the office of Amur general was created, and Bahai was again placed in command. In the tenth year the emperor made an eastern tour to Shengjing, and Bahai came to audience at the imperial camp. The emperor questioned him about the customs of Ningguta and of the Warka, Hurka, and other tribes, and Bahai answered in detail. He told him: "I had only heard of your abilities before. Now that you serve at my side, I understand you much better. Although the Feiyaka and Hezhe have submitted to us, they are by nature fierce and unruly and must be led through education and moral guidance. Above all, Russia must be watched with the greatest caution. Train your troops and horses, keep your arms in order, and do not let yourself be drawn into their deceptions. You hold a weighty post on the frontier. You must strive with all your strength to repay the trust I have shown you!"
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邊外有墨爾哲之族，累世輸貢，巴海招之降。 其長扎努喀布克託等請內徙，巴海請徙置寧古塔近地，置佐領四十，以授扎努喀布克托及其族屬，分領其眾，號為新滿洲。 十三年冬，巴海率諸佐領入覲，上錫予有差，賜巴海黑狐裘、貂朝衣各一襲。 十七年，敕獎巴海及副都統安珠瑚撫輯新滿洲有勞，予世職一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。
Beyond the frontier lived the Mo'erzhe people, who had paid tribute for generations. Bahai induced them to submit. Their leader Zhanukabukuo and others asked to move inward. Bahai petitioned to resettle them near Ningguta, created forty assistant commanders, and assigned them to Zhanukabukuo and his kinsmen to govern the people in divisions. They were called the New Manchus. In the winter of the thirteenth year Bahai led the assistant commanders to court. The emperor gave rewards according to rank and presented Bahai with a black-fox fur coat and a sable court robe. In the seventeenth year an imperial edict praised Bahai and Vice Commander Anzhuhu for their work in settling the New Manchus and awarded them the hereditary titles of first-class viscount and light cavalry captain.
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二十一年，巴海疏言官兵捕採葠者，當視所得多寡行賞。 上為下部議，並誡非採葠者毋妄捕。 是歲，上復東巡，詣盛京，幸吉林，察官兵勞苦。 既還京師，諭巴海罷採鷹、捕鱘鰉諸役。 二十二年，以報田禾歉收不實，部議奪官，削世職，上猶念巴海撫輯新滿洲有勞，命罷將軍，降三等阿達哈哈番。 二十三年，授鑲藍旗蒙古都統，列議政大臣。 三十五年，卒。 子四格，襲職。
In the twenty-first year Bahai submitted a memorial proposing that officers and soldiers who captured ginseng poachers should be rewarded according to how much ginseng was seized. The emperor referred the matter to the ministries for deliberation and also warned that people who were not gathering ginseng must not be arrested indiscriminately. That same year the emperor made another eastern tour to Shengjing, visited Jilin, and inspected the hardships endured by the officers and soldiers. On returning to the capital, the emperor ordered Bahai to end the corvée labor of hawk-catching, sturgeon-fishing, and similar tasks. In the twenty-second year he was reported for falsely claiming crop failure. The ministry recommended dismissal and loss of his hereditary title, but the emperor, recalling Bahai's service in settling the New Manchus, removed him from the generalship and demoted him to third-class viscount. In the twenty-third year he was made commander of the Bordered Blue Banner Mongols and again joined the council of deliberative ministers. He died in the thirty-fifth year. His son Sige succeeded to the hereditary rank.
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安珠瑚，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲正黃旗人，先世居蘇完。 父阿喇穆，任牛錄額真。 順治元年，從入關，擊李自成，戰死，授世職半個前程。 安珠瑚襲職，遇恩詔，累進三等阿達哈哈番。 擢甲喇額真，兼刑部郎中。 從大將軍伊爾德攻舟山，從將軍濟什哈討萊州土寇於七，皆有功。 康熙六年，授寧古塔副都統。 十五年，增設吉林烏喇副都統，以命安珠瑚，佐巴海撫新滿洲，進世職如巴海。 十七年，擢盛京將軍。 二十一年，上東巡，見邊界多戰骨暴露，諭-9587-安珠瑚遍察收瘞。 二十二年，以疾乞休，上責安珠瑚失職，奪官，發吉林烏拉效力。 二十四年，授索倫總管。 二十五年，卒。
Anzhuhu was a Guwalgiya Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner. His family had long lived in Suwan. His father Aramu held the post of company commander. In the first year of Shunzhi he crossed into China with the army, fought Li Zicheng, and was killed in battle. He received a hereditary half-rank promotion. Anzhuhu inherited the rank and, through successive amnesty promotions, rose to third-class viscount. He was promoted to jalan commander and also served as a director in the Board of Punishments. He served under Grand General Irgen in the attack on Zhoushan and under General Jisheha in the suppression of bandits at Qi in Laizhou, distinguishing himself in both campaigns. In the sixth year of Kangxi he was made vice commander at Ningguta. In the fifteenth year a new vice command at Jilin Wula was created and assigned to Anzhuhu to help Bahai settle the New Manchus. His hereditary title was raised to the same level as Bahai's. In the seventeenth year he was promoted to commander of Shengjing. In the twenty-first year, during an eastern tour, the emperor saw many unburied bones of the fallen along the border and ordered Anzhuhu to search the region and give them proper burial. In the twenty-second year he asked to retire on grounds of illness. The emperor held him accountable for neglect of duty, removed him from office, and sent him to serve at Jilin Wula. In the twenty-fourth year he was made commander of the Solon. He died in the twenty-fifth year.
15
安珠瑚入對，嘗言所轄士兵皆藐視之，上知其庸懦，及卒，命削其世職。
At court Anzhuhu once complained that the troops under his command looked down on him. The emperor knew him to be weak and ineffectual, and when he died ordered his hereditary rank revoked.
16
劉之源，漢軍鑲黃旗人。 天聰九年，授甲喇額真。 崇德五年，從上伐明，攻錦州，距城東五里發砲隳其台。 复列砲城北擊晾馬台，殪明兵。 尋代馬光遠為正黃、鑲黃二旗漢軍固山額真。 六年，從睿親王多爾袞圍松山，發砲隳台四，獲明將王希賢、崔定國、楊重鎮等，又斬裨將三。 七年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗圍塔山，列砲城西，毀其垣二十餘丈，殲城兵，隳杏山城北台，又擊毀其垣，城兵懼，乃出降，授世職二等甲喇章京。 分設漢軍八旗，之源仍領鑲黃旗。 八年，從鄭親王攻克中後所，斬明將吳良弼、王國安等； 進攻前屯衛，發砲隳其城：進世職一等。
Liu Zhiyuan was a Han Chinese bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner. In the ninth year of Tiancong he was made a jalan commander. In the fifth year of Chongde he joined the emperor's campaign against Ming and attacked Jinzhou, destroying an enemy tower with artillery fired from five li east of the city. He then positioned cannon north of the city to bombard Liangmatai and killed many Ming soldiers. He soon succeeded Ma Guangyuan as banner commander of the Plain Yellow and Bordered Yellow Han Banners. In the sixth year he joined Prince Rui Dorgon in the siege of Songshan, destroyed four towers with artillery, captured the Ming generals Wang Xixian, Cui Dingguo, and Yang Chongzhen, and killed three assistant generals. In the seventh year he served under Prince Zheng Jirhalang at the siege of Tashan, battering the western wall with cannon until more than twenty zhang collapsed and the garrison was wiped out. He then destroyed the northern tower at Xingshan and breached its walls as well, until the defenders surrendered in fear. For this he received the hereditary rank of second-class jalan colonel. When the Eight Han Banners were reorganized, Zhiyuan retained command of the Bordered Yellow Banner. In the eighth year he followed Prince Zheng in taking Zhonghousuo and killed the Ming generals Wu Liangbi and Wang Guo'an, among others; then advanced on Qiantunwei, breached the walls with artillery, and was promoted to hereditary first-class rank.
17
順治元年，從入關，命與固山額真李國翰剿定畿南餘寇。 復從固山額真葉臣等西征，克太原。 又與固山額真巴哈納自汾州逐寇至平陽，斬馘四千餘。 山西寇始盡。 師還，優賚。 二年，從順承郡王勒克德渾下湖廣，討李自成，與國翰合師破應山。 降將馬進忠复叛，與固山額真金礪擊敗之武昌，得舟六十餘，遂徇湖北。 五年，授定南將軍，從鄭親王再下湖-9588-廣。 六年，攻湘潭，明總督何騰蛟分三隊出戰，之源分兵應之，敗明兵，克其城，獲騰蛟。 夜督兵逐進忠，平明劘其壘。 復進克寶慶，並破南山坡九壘，斬明將馬有志、胡進玉等，進忠跳而免。 又擊破明將袁宗第於洪江、王永強於便水驛。 敘功，遇恩詔，世職累進一等阿思哈尼哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。
In the first year of Shunzhi he entered China with the army and was ordered, with Banner Commander Li Guohan, to mop up the remaining rebels south of the capital. He then joined Banner Commander Ye Chen on the western campaign and helped capture Taiyuan. With Banner Commander Bahana he pursued rebels from Fenzhou to Pingyang and killed more than four thousand men. Rebel forces in Shanxi were finally eliminated. On the army's return he received special rewards. In the second year he marched into Huguang under Prince Shuncheng Lekedehun to fight Li Zicheng. Together with Guohan he defeated the enemy at Yingshan. When the surrendered general Ma Jinzhong rebelled again, he and Banner Commander Jin Li routed him at Wuchang, seized more than sixty boats, and then swept through Hubei. In the fifth year he was made Pacifier of the South and again marched into Huguang under Prince Zheng. In the sixth year he assaulted Xiangtan. When the Ming governor-general He Tengjiao came out in three divisions, Zhiyuan met him with divided forces, routed the Ming army, took the city, and captured Tengjiao. That night he drove his men in pursuit of Jinzhong and at dawn stormed his encampment. He then took Baqing and overran nine camps at Nanshanpo, killing the Ming generals Ma Youzhi and Hu Jinyu. Jinzhong fled and escaped capture. He also defeated the Ming generals Yuan Zongdi at Hongjiang and Wang Yongqiang at Bianshui Post. For his service, and through successive amnesty promotions, he rose to first-class baron with the additional title of light cavalry captain.
18
八年，與金礪駐防杭州。 明大學士張肯堂與其將阮進、張名振擁魯王以海屯舟山，之源與總督陳錦、總兵田雄合師攻之，破明兵於橫水洋，獲進。 逼螺頭門，肯堂城守十餘日，師以雲梯登，肯堂及魯王諸臣李向中、吳鍾巒、硃永佑等縱火自焚死。 名振以魯王遁三盤島，之源遣總兵馬進寶等追擊破之，焚其積聚； 复敗之於沙埕，收各奧戶口八千五百餘，悉令歸農。 論功，進三等精奇尼哈番。
In the eighth year he was posted to garrison Hangzhou with Jin Li. The Ming grand secretary Zhang Keting, with his generals Ruan Jin and Zhang Mingzhen, held Zhoushan for the Prince of Lu Yihai. Zhiyuan combined forces with Governor Chen Jin and Commander Tian Xiong, routed the Ming army at Hengshuiyang, and captured Jin. They pressed Luotou Gate, where Keting held the city for more than ten days until the attackers scaled the walls with siege ladders. Keting and the Prince of Lu's ministers Li Xiangzhong, Wu Zhongluan, and Zhu Yongyou set themselves afire and died. Mingzhen escaped with the Prince of Lu to Sanpan Island. Zhiyuan sent Commander Ma Jinbao in pursuit, defeated them, and burned their stockpiles; then defeated them again at Shacheng, resettled more than eight thousand five hundred households from the coastal inlets, and put them back to farming. For his service he was promoted to third-class baron.
19
十六年八月，授鎮海大將軍，駐防鎮江。 疏言：「京口百川匯流，江南財賦自此輓運北輸。 近因鄭成功入犯，幾至橫截運道。 宜先練習水師，以資防禦。 防海策有三：出海會哨，勿使入江，上也； 循塘拒敵，勿使登陸，中也； 列陣備兵，勿使近城，斯下矣。 顧練水師當先造船，火器、水手、舵工，百無一備，何以御賊？」 上敕兵部下總督郎廷佐製備。 十七年，疏言：「京口水師造船二百，募水手、舵工八千餘，一時難以集事。 沿海民有雙桅沙船，造作堅固，其人熟於洋面水道，請查驗船堪用者予收用，船戶給以糧餉。 舊設戰船低小，不必修-9589-補。 邊海砲台、烽墩、橋路，請敕督撫下沿海州縣修葺高廣。」 下兵部，並從之。 尋得成功遣諜與提督馬逢知關通狀，疏聞，命侍郎尼滿會之源鞫實，逢知坐誅。
In the eighth month of the sixteenth year he was made Grand General Who Pacifies the Sea and posted to garrison Zhenjiang. He submitted a memorial: "At Jingkou the rivers converge, and Jiangnan's grain and revenue are shipped north from this point. Zheng Chenggong's recent invasion nearly severed this vital supply route. We should first train a naval force for coastal defense. There are three levels of coastal defense: the best is to patrol at sea and keep the enemy from entering the river; the next is to block them in the tidal channels and prevent a landing; the lowest is to muster troops in battle order and keep the enemy from reaching the city. But to train a navy we must first build ships, and we lack almost everything — firearms, sailors, and helmsmen. How can we fight the enemy in this state?" The emperor ordered the Board of War to direct Governor Lang Tingzuo to make the necessary preparations. In the seventeenth year he memorialized again: "The Jingkou fleet is supposed to build two hundred ships and recruit more than eight thousand sailors and helmsmen, but this cannot be done quickly. Coastal residents own sturdy double-masted sand junks, and their crews know the sea lanes well. I propose inspecting and requisitioning suitable vessels and paying their owners rations and wages. The existing war junks are too small and low-slung to be worth repairing. Coastal batteries, beacon towers, and bridges should be rebuilt taller and stronger under orders from the governors to the coastal prefectures and counties." The memorial was sent to the Board of War, and all his proposals were approved. Soon evidence surfaced that Zheng Chenggong's agents were in contact with Regional Commander Ma Fengzhi. Zhiyuan reported the matter, and the emperor ordered Vice Minister Niman to join him in the investigation. Fengzhi was convicted and executed.
20
康熙三年，召還京，仍任都統。 四年，以病乞休，加太子太保，致仕，以其子光代為都統。 鰲拜得罪，之源、光坐黨附，奪官論死，上命寬之。 之源尋卒。 妻胡叩閽，訴之源功罪足相當，詔复官，並予三等精奇尼哈番，仍以光襲。 三傳，降襲三等阿思哈尼哈番。 乾隆初，定封三等男。
In the third year of Kangxi he was recalled to the capital and resumed his post as banner commander. In the fourth year he retired on grounds of illness. He was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and left office, and his son Guang succeeded him as banner commander. When Oboi was disgraced, Zhiyuan and Guang were condemned as his allies, stripped of office, and sentenced to death, but the emperor showed mercy. Zhiyuan died soon afterward. His wife Hu appealed at the palace gates, arguing that Zhiyuan's services balanced his faults. An edict restored his rank, awarded third-class baron, and allowed Guang to inherit. After three generations the inherited title was reduced to third-class baron. Early in the Qianlong reign the title was fixed as third-class baron.
21
吳守進，漢軍正紅旗人，初籍遼陽。 太祖時來歸，從征伐有勞，授世職游擊。 天聰五年，授戶部承政。 八年，考滿，進世職一等甲喇章京。 時始設漢軍世管牛錄額真，命守進兼任。 崇德三年，改左參政。 四年，坐賕，論罪至死，命貸之，削世職，解參政，籍其家之半，仍攝正紅旗漢軍梅勒額真。 旋真除。
Wu Shoujin was a Han Chinese bannerman of the Plain Red Banner, originally from Liaoyang. He submitted during the reign of the Grand Ancestor and, for service in the early campaigns, received the hereditary rank of guerrilla colonel. In the fifth year of Tiancong he was made vice minister of the Board of Revenue. In the eighth year, after a satisfactory performance review, he was promoted to hereditary first-class jalan colonel. When hereditary Han company commanders were first established, Shoujin was appointed to hold that post as well. In the third year of Chongde he was made left vice minister. In the fourth year he was convicted of bribery and sentenced to death, but was pardoned. He lost his hereditary title and vice ministership, and half his estate was confiscated, though he continued to serve as acting meiren commander of the Plain Red Han Banner. He was soon confirmed in the post.
22
六年，從睿親王多爾袞、武英郡王阿濟格攻錦州，守進發砲克塔山四台，獲明將王希賢、崔定國等，多所斬馘。 七年，擢本旗固山額真。 率師攻松山、杏山，明兵屯呂洪山口，與固山額真金礪擊破之。 明兵保杏山側二台，復與固山額真劉之源擊破之，遂拔杏山。 尋命與梅勒額真馬光輝等詣錦州督鑄砲。 八年，從攻寧遠，取中後所、前屯衛。
In the sixth year he joined Prince Rui Dorgon and Prince Wu Ying Ajige in the attack on Jinzhou. Shoujin's artillery took four towers at Tashan, captured the Ming generals Wang Xixian and Cui Dingguo, and killed large numbers of the enemy. In the seventh year he was promoted to banner commander of his own banner. He led troops against Songshan and Xingshan. When Ming forces encamped at Luhongshankou, he and Banner Commander Jin Li routed them. When Ming troops held two flank towers at Xingshan, he and Banner Commander Liu Zhiyuan broke them and took Xingshan. He was then ordered, with Meiren Commander Ma Guanghui and others, to go to Jinzhou to oversee the casting of artillery. In the eighth year he joined the assault on Ningyuan and helped take Zhonghousuo and Qiantunwei.
23
順治元年，從入關，复授世職二等甲喇章京。 從固山額真葉臣徇山西，克太原。 復從豫親王破李自成，下江南，敗明師，克揚州、江陰，復進破嘉興。 敘功，進一等。 四年，授定西將軍，駐漢中。 五年，卒。 子國柄襲。 從征湖廣，官梅勒額真，加世職拖沙喇哈番。
In the first year of Shunzhi he entered China with the army and was again granted the hereditary rank of second-class jalan colonel. He followed Banner Commander Ye Chen into Shanxi and helped capture Taiyuan. He then served under Prince Yu against Li Zicheng, marched into Jiangnan, routed Ming forces, took Yangzhou and Jiangyin, and went on to capture Jiaxing. For his service he was promoted to first-class rank. In the fourth year he was made Pacifier of the West and posted to garrison Hanzhong. He died in the fifth year. His son Guobing succeeded to the rank. On the Huguang campaign he rose to meiren commander and received the additional hereditary title of light cavalry captain.
24
巴山，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，世居哈達。 祖巴岱，國初率眾來歸，授世管牛錄額真。 再傳至巴山。 天聰五年，從太宗伐明，圍大凌河。 城兵出戰，梅勒額真屯布祿、牛錄額真郎格等戰沒，巴山馳入陣，以其屍還。 六年，從伐察哈爾，其部人竄入大同，往取之。 師還，巴山與承政圖爾格殿，明兵追襲，設伏邀擊，斬馘甚眾。 八年，授世職牛錄章京。 尋擢甲喇額真。
Ba Shan was a Guwalgiya Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner. His family had long lived in Hada. His grandfather Badai submitted with his followers at the dynasty's founding and received a hereditary company command. Two generations later the line came to Ba Shan. In the fifth year of Tiancong he joined Emperor Taizong's campaign against Ming and took part in the siege of Dalinghe. When the garrison sallied forth, Meiren Commander Tunbulu, Company Commander Langge, and others were killed. Ba Shan charged into the fight and recovered their bodies. In the sixth year he joined the campaign against the Chahar. When fugitives from that tribe fled into Datong, he was sent to capture them. On the return march Ba Shan and Vice Minister Turgene commanded the rearguard. When Ming troops pursued, they laid an ambush and killed large numbers of the enemy. In the eighth year he received the hereditary rank of company captain. He was soon promoted to jalan commander.
25
崇德元年，從上伐朝鮮，與甲喇額真屯泰等先眾破敵。 三年，兼任工部理事官。 從貝勒岳託伐明，自牆子嶺入邊，薄明都，擊敗明太監馮永盛兵； 攻鉅鹿，率所部以雲梯先登，克之：加半個前程。 五年，與承政薩穆什喀、索海等伐虎爾哈部，攻掛喇爾屯。 七年，從奉國將軍巴布泰率師駐錦州。
In the first year of Chongde he joined the emperor's invasion of Korea and, with Jalan Commander Tuntai and others, routed the enemy before the main army arrived. In the third year he also served as an administrative officer in the Board of Works. He followed Prince Yoto against Ming, entered through Qiangziling, pressed toward the capital, and defeated the forces of the Ming eunuch Feng Yongsheng; then assaulted Julu, led his men up scaling ladders to take the city first, and received an additional half-rank promotion. In the fifth year he joined Vice Ministers Samuska and Suohai in a campaign against the Hurka tribe and attacked Gualar Tun. In the seventh year he served under State-Supporting General Babutai in garrisoning Jinzhou.
26
順治元年，從入關，督所部步兵擊敗李自成，擢工部侍郎，進世職三等阿達哈哈番。 二年，授梅勒額真，鎮守江寧。 三年，命總管江寧駐防滿洲兵，特置總督糧儲兼理錢法，駐江寧，以協領鄂屯兼任，加戶部侍郎，以重其事。 時江北諸山寨並起，號為明守。 江寧民有謀為應者，巴山诇知之，捕斬三十人。 未幾，明潞安王誼石以二萬人分三道攻江寧，巴山會招撫大學士洪承疇等督兵御之，誼石敗走。 語詳承疇傳。 明故左通政嘉定侯峒曾以二年死難，四年，其子元瀞通表魯王以海，取敕書及其將黃斌卿致承疇書以歸。 柘林游擊陳可得之，有「內殺巴、張二將」語，指巴山及提督張大猷也。 事聞，上以敵謀設間，詔慰承疇，而諭獎巴山及大猷「嚴察亂萌，公忠盡職」。
In the first year of Shunzhi he entered China with the army, led his infantry in defeating Li Zicheng, was promoted to vice minister of the Board of Works, and raised to hereditary third-class viscount. In the second year he was made meiren commander and posted to garrison Jiangning. In the third year he was put in charge of the Manchu garrison at Jiangning. A special post of grain-and-currency governor was created there, with Assistant Commander Etun appointed to it and given the additional rank of vice minister of the Board of Revenue to underscore its importance. At that time fortified camps sprang up across the north bank of the Yangzi, proclaiming loyalty to Ming. When Jiangning residents plotted to join the rebellion, Ba Shan learned of it through intelligence work and executed thirty conspirators. Soon afterward the Ming Prince of Lu'an Yishi attacked Jiangning with twenty thousand men in three columns. Ba Shan joined Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou in directing the defense, and Yishi was routed and fled. The full account appears in Hong Chengchou's biography. The former Ming Left Commissioner and Marquis of Jiading Hou Tongzeng had died in the second year. In the fourth year his son Yuanjing sent a message through the Prince of Lu Yihai, obtained an imperial letter and a letter from the general Huang Binqing addressed to Chengchou, and brought them back. Zhelin guerrilla colonel Chen Ke seized the documents, which contained a phrase about "killing the two generals Ba and Zhang from within" — meaning Ba Shan and Regional Commander Zhang Dayou. When the matter was reported, the emperor recognized it as an enemy attempt to sow discord. He issued an edict reassuring Chengchou and praised Ba Shan and Dayou for "vigilantly rooting out unrest and serving the state with loyal devotion."
27
六年，江南總督馬國柱討六安山寇，巴山及大猷以師會，斬其渠張福寰，諸寨悉平，進三等阿思哈尼哈番。 是歲，裁總督糧儲錢法，不復置。 九年，將軍金礪討鄭成功，請益師，部議調江寧駐防兵二百，鄂屯與理事官額赫納、烏庫理率以行，攻海澄。 成功兵劫我軍砲，鄂屯與額赫納擊卻之。 成功兵十餘萬逆戰，鄂屯督兵縱擊，成功兵退，斷橋。 鄂屯與烏庫理策馬迳渡，成功兵潰，破其壘數十，降數千人。 尋召巴山還京，以喀喀木代。 十一年，復錄江寧平寇功，進世職二等。 康熙十二年，卒。
In the sixth year Jiangnan Governor Ma Guozhu campaigned against the Lu'an Mountain bandits. Ba Shan and Dayou combined forces, killed their leader Zhang Fuhuan, and pacified all the camps. Ba Shan was promoted to third-class baron. That year the office of grain-and-currency governor was abolished and not restored. In the ninth year General Jin Li campaigned against Zheng Chenggong and asked for reinforcements. The ministry approved two hundred troops from the Jiangning garrison, which Etun led with administrative officers Ehena and Ukuri to attack Haicheng. Chenggong's men tried to seize their artillery, but Etun and Ehena drove them off. Chenggong met them with more than a hundred thousand men. Etun led a full assault; Chenggong's forces retreated and destroyed the bridge behind them. Etun and Ukuri spurred their horses across the river anyway. Chenggong's army collapsed. They overran dozens of enemy camps and accepted the surrender of thousands. Ba Shan was soon recalled to the capital and replaced by Kakamu. In the eleventh year his service in pacifying Jiangning was recognized again, and his hereditary rank was raised to second class. He died in the twelfth year of Kangxi.
28
子舒恕，襲世職。 從大學士圖海討王輔臣，次平涼城北虎山苾，擊敗輔臣兵。 復從都統穆佔討吳三桂，擊敗三桂兵於松滋，進圍雲南，屢敗吳世璠將胡國柄、劉龍、黃明等，又困其將馬寶、巴養元等於烏木山。 論功，進世職一等。 卒，子長清，改襲一等阿達哈哈番。
His son Shushu succeeded to the hereditary rank. He served under Grand Secretary Tu Hai against Wang Fuchen, encamped at Hushanbi north of Pingliang, and routed Fuchen's forces. He then joined Commander-in-Chief Muzhan against Wu Sangui, defeated Sangui's forces at Songzi, and advanced to besiege Yunnan. He repeatedly routed the generals Hu Guobing, Liu Long, and Huang Ming, and trapped Ma Bao and Ba Yangyuan at Wumushan. For his service his hereditary rank was raised to first class. After his death his son Changqing inherited the rank of first-class viscount.
29
張大猷，漢軍鑲黃旗人，初籍遼陽。 太祖克遼陽，大猷以千總自廣寧來降，授牛錄額真。 天聰初，明邊將遣諜招我新附之眾，大猷發其事。 太宗嘉之，予世職游擊。 崇德三年，授刑部理事官。 尋擢漢軍梅勒額真。 四年，更定漢軍旗制，授鑲黃旗梅勒額真。 五年，從睿親王多爾袞圍錦州，率本旗兵攻五里台及晾馬山、馬家湖，皆下，又克金塔口台。 六年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗圍錦州，明騎兵自松山至，謀奪砲，大猷擊卻之。 復與固山額真劉之源等攻克塔山、杏山及附近諸台。 論功，進二等甲喇章京。 七年，遷兵部參政。 十月，從貝勒阿巴泰伐明，築橋渾河濟師，擊破明總督範阿衡軍。 八年，從攻寧遠，取中後所、前屯衛，進世職一等。
Zhang Dayou was a Han Chinese bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner, originally from Liaoyang. When the Grand Ancestor took Liaoyang, Dayou came from Guangning as a battalion commander to submit and was made a company commander. Early in the Tiancong era, Ming border commanders sent agents to recruit newly submitted troops. Dayou exposed the plot. Emperor Taizong praised him and awarded the hereditary rank of guerrilla colonel. In the third year of Chongde he was made an administrative officer in the Board of Punishments. He was soon promoted to meiren commander of the Han Banners. In the fourth year, when the Han Banner system was reorganized, he was made meiren commander of the Bordered Yellow Banner. In the fifth year he joined Prince Rui Dorgon in the siege of Jinzhou. He led his banner troops to take Wulitai, Liangmashan, and Majiahu, and also captured Jintakou Tower. In the sixth year he served under Prince Zheng Jirhalang at the siege of Jinzhou. When Ming cavalry from Songshan tried to seize their artillery, Dayou drove them off. He then joined Banner Commander Liu Zhiyuan in taking Tashan, Xingshan, and the surrounding towers. For his service he was promoted to second-class jalan colonel. In the seventh year he was made vice minister of the Board of War. In the tenth month he joined Prince Abatai against Ming. They bridged the Hun River to cross the army and routed the forces of Ming governor-general Fan Aheng. In the eighth year he joined the assault on Ningyuan, took Zhonghousuo and Qiantunwei, and was promoted to hereditary first-class rank.
30
順治元年，從固山額真葉臣徇山西，克太原，與固山額真李國翰撫定諸郡縣。 二年，師定江南，與固山額真吳守進下浙江，次石門，明兵自杭州夜來襲，卻之。 還，克嘉興。 三年，命與巴山率兵鎮守江寧，總管漢軍及綠旗兵。 旋授提督江南總兵官。 論功，進世職三等梅勒章京。 六年，同討張福寰。 總督馬國柱奏大猷身先士卒，履險摧鋒，功第一，進世職三等精奇尼哈番。 九年，卒。 三傳，降襲三等阿思哈尼番。 乾隆初，定封三等男。
In the first year of Shunzhi he followed Banner Commander Ye Chen into Shanxi, helped capture Taiyuan, and with Banner Commander Li Guohan pacified the prefectures and counties. In the second year, as the army pacified Jiangnan, he followed Banner Commander Wu Shoujin into Zhejiang and halted at Shimen. Ming forces made a night attack from Hangzhou and were repulsed. On the return march he captured Jiaxing. In the third year he and Ba Shan were ordered to garrison Jiangning and command the Han Banner and Green Standard forces. He was soon made regional commander of Jiangnan. For his service he was promoted to hereditary third-class meiren colonel. In the sixth year he joined the campaign against Zhang Fuhuan. Governor Ma Guozhu reported that Dayou had led from the front, braved danger, and broken the enemy line, ranking first in merit. He was promoted to hereditary third-class baron. He died in the ninth year. After three generations the inherited title was reduced to third-class baron. Early in the Qianlong reign the title was fixed as third-class baron.
31
喀喀木，薩哈爾察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，先世居烏喇部。 父塘阿禮，當太祖時，率百人來歸，授牛錄額真。 從伐遼東有功，予世職游擊。 從伐瓦爾喀，射熊，為所傷，卒。
Kakamu was a Sahaliyan Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner. His forebears belonged to the Wula tribe. His father Tang'ali submitted during the reign of the Grand Ancestor with a hundred followers and was made a company commander. For service in the Liaodong campaigns he received the hereditary rank of guerrilla colonel. On a campaign against the Warka he shot a bear, was wounded by it, and died.
32
喀喀木嗣領牛錄。 崇德三年，授吏部理事官。 五年，從伐虎爾哈部，敵據柵拒戰，喀喀木督兵破柵，斬級二百，俘一百三十。 七年，從伐明，攻松山，本旗將領失律未察舉，降世職牛錄章京。 八年，擢吏部參政。 順治元年，署梅勒額真。 從入關，加半個前程。 尋改侍郎。 四年，复世職三等甲喇章京。 鄖陽總兵王光恩坐事逮系，其弟光泰叛據鄖陽，提督孫定遼戰死，勢甚張，上命喀喀木率兵討之。 師將薄鄖陽，光泰遁走，喀喀木與副將王平率師逐捕，戰房縣，斬級千餘。 光泰走四川，喀喀木駐軍鄖陽。
Kakamu inherited command of the company. In the third year of Chongde he was made an administrative officer in the Board of Personnel. In the fifth year he joined the campaign against the Hurka. When the enemy held palisades and resisted, Kakamu broke through them, killing two hundred and capturing a hundred and thirty. In the seventh year he joined the campaign against Ming and assaulted Songshan. Because he failed to report a disciplinary violation by a banner officer, his hereditary rank was reduced to company captain. In the eighth year he was promoted to vice minister of the Board of Personnel. In the first year of Shunzhi he served as acting meiren commander. For entering China with the army he received an additional half-rank promotion. He was soon made a vice minister. In the fourth year his hereditary rank was restored to third-class jalan colonel. When Yunyang regional commander Wang Guang'en was arrested, his brother Guangtai rebelled and seized Yunyang. Regional Commander Sun Dingliao was killed in battle and the rebellion grew formidable. The emperor ordered Kakamu to lead troops against them. As the army approached Yunyang, Guangtai fled. Kakamu and Vice General Wang Ping pursued him, fought at Fang County, and killed more than a thousand rebels. Guangtai escaped to Sichuan, and Kakamu garrisoned Yunyang.
33
五年，金聲桓自江西窺湖廣，總督羅綉錦疏請留喀喀木駐荊州。 六年，召還。 七年，授鑲黃旗梅勒額真，世職累進三等阿思哈尼哈番。 八年，命與固山額真噶達渾等率兵討蒙古鄂爾多斯部長多爾濟。 九年，師出寧夏，至賀蘭山，擊斬多爾濟，並殲其部眾，俘其餘以歸，得馬駝數百、牛千餘、羊萬餘。
In the fifth year Jin Shenghuan threatened Huguang from Jiangxi. Governor Luo Xiujin asked that Kakamu stay garrisoned at Jingzhou. In the sixth year he was recalled to the capital. In the seventh year he was made meiren commander of the Bordered Yellow Banner and rose by stages to third-class baron. In the eighth year he and Banner Commander Gadahun were ordered to lead troops against the Ordos Mongol chieftain Dorji. In the ninth year the army marched from Ningxia to Helanshan, killed Dorji, wiped out his followers, and brought back the survivors along with hundreds of horses and camels, more than a thousand cattle, and over ten thousand sheep.
34
尋命代巴山為鎮守江寧總管。 十年，明將李定國兵犯廣東，潮州總兵郝尚久叛應之，授喀喀木靖南將軍，率師會靖南王耿繼茂討尚久。 圍踰月，督兵以雲梯登，尚久入井死，潮州及旁近州縣皆定。 還駐江寧。
He was soon appointed to replace Ba Shan as commander of the Jiangning garrison. In the tenth year the Ming general Li Dingguo invaded Guangdong and Chaozhou regional commander Hao Shangjiu rebelled in support. Kakamu was made Pacifier of the South and joined Prince Pacifier of the South Geng Jingmao in suppressing Shangjiu. After more than a month of siege his men scaled the walls with ladders. Shangjiu drowned himself in a well, and Chaozhou and the surrounding counties were pacified. He then returned to garrison Jiangning.
35
十六年，鄭成功大舉入犯，破鎮江，复陷瓜洲，溯江上。 喀喀木與總督郎廷佐、提督管效忠謀禦敵，檄總兵梁化鳳赴援。 會梅勒額真噶哈、瑪爾賽自貴州旋師，循江東道江寧，入城同守。 喀喀木曰：「賊勢盛，宜乘其未集先擊之。」 簡精銳逆擊，成功前軍為少卻，得舟二十餘。 俄成功兵大至，連營八十有三，舟蔽江，喀喀木晝夜防守。 化鳳援兵至，乃議使綠旗兵先出戰。 化鳳出儀鳳門，效忠出鍾阜門，夾擊，破成功兵，獲其將餘新等。 明日，喀喀木與噶哈、瑪爾賽督兵出神策門，成功兵據白土山列陣，乃分兵左右仰攻，與化鳳率精銳搗其中堅，獲其將甘輝及裨佐數人，斬馘無算。 成功兵潰，走出海。 事聞，部議失鎮江、瓜洲當議罪，上以固守江寧功大，命免議。
In the sixteenth year Zheng Chenggong launched a major invasion, took Zhenjiang, recaptured Guazhou, and advanced up the Yangzi. Kakamu, Governor Lang Tingzuo, and Regional Commander Guan Xiaozhong planned the defense and summoned Regional Commander Liang Huafeng to reinforce them. Meiren commanders Gaha and Mersai happened to be returning from Guizhou along the east bank of the Yangzi. They entered Jiangning and joined the defense. Kakamu said: "The enemy is strong. We should attack before they fully assemble." He picked elite troops for a counterattack. Chenggong's vanguard was pushed back slightly, and they captured more than twenty boats. Soon Chenggong's main force arrived — eighty-three linked camps with boats covering the river. Kakamu defended the city day and night. When Huafeng's reinforcements arrived, they agreed to send the Green Standard troops out first. Huafeng sallied from Yifeng Gate and Xiaozhong from Zhongfu Gate. Attacking from both sides, they routed Chenggong's forces and captured his generals Yu Xin and others. The next day Kakamu, Gaha, and Mersai led troops out through Shence Gate. Chenggong's army formed up on Baitushan. They split their forces to attack from both flanks while Huafeng led elite troops against the center. They captured the general Gan Hui and several subordinate officers and killed countless enemy soldiers. Chenggong's army collapsed and fled to sea. When the report reached court, the ministry recommended punishment for the loss of Zhenjiang and Guazhou. The emperor, weighing the great service in holding Jiangning, ordered the charges dropped.
36
康熙元年，改總管為將軍，仍以命喀喀木。 七年，卒，授其子喇揚阿一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。
In the first year of Kangxi the garrison command was upgraded to a generalship, and Kakamu retained the post. He died in the seventh year. His son Layang'a received the titles of first-class viscount and light cavalry captain.
37
梁化鳳，字翀天，陝西長安縣人。 順治三年武進士。 四年，授山西高山衛守備。 五年，從英親王阿濟格討叛將薑瓖，克陽和城，擒瓖將郭二用。 擢大同掌印都司。 時大同、左衛、渾源、太原、汾、澤群盜競起應瓖。 六年，化鳳攻大同，破北窯溝，寇據山巔，懸柴以火燔之，獲其渠李義、張豹。 攻渾源，徇韓村、玉合堡、張家堡，破賈莊，獲其渠王平； 乃克渾源，又獲其渠方三、唐虎誅之。 攻左衛，降雲岡、高山二堡，遂合圍。 化鳳中三矢，戰愈力，寇以城降。 敘功，超加都督僉事，以副將推用。 進攻太原，寇出戰，化鳳左臂中槍，矢集於髀，益奮鬥，執所置巡撫姜建勳，乃克太原。 進解平陽圍，攻汾州，敗其渠沈海。 攻孝義，寇渠張爾德來援，與戰大破之，乃克汾州，獲爾德。 海復以兵至，再戰擊敗之，走潞安。 迭下曹家堡、記古寨、善信堡。 介休、平遙、祁、徐溝諸縣悉降。 進攻太谷，克之，獲其渠蘇升，乃克潞安，海走九仙台。 拔長子，進攻九仙台，山峻，騎不得上； 以火攻之，寇不支，海出降。 進定澤州。 是歲凡二十二戰皆捷。 七年，复殲餘寇於牛鼻寨，獲其渠袁忠。 山西悉定。
Liang Huafeng, courtesy name Chongtian, was from Chang'an County in Shaanxi. He passed the military jinshi examination in the third year of Shunzhi. In the fourth year he was made garrison commander of Gaoshanwei in Shanxi. In the fifth year he served under Prince Ying Ajige against the rebel Jiang Xiang, took Yanghe, and captured Xiang's general Guo Eryong. He was promoted to seal-holding commander of Datong. At that time bandits rose across Datong, Zuowei, Hunyuan, Taiyuan, Fenzhou, and Zezhou in support of Jiang Xiang. In the sixth year Liang Huafeng attacked Datong, broke through at Beiyao Gully, and when the rebels held the mountain crest he hung bundles of firewood and set them ablaze; he captured their leaders Li Yi and Zhang Bao. He then took Hunyuan, swept Hancun, Yuhe Fort, and Zhangjia Fort, overran Jiazhuang, and captured its leader Wang Ping; he finally seized Hunyuan, captured the rebel chiefs Fang San and Tang Hu, and put them to death. He attacked Zuowei, accepted the surrender of Yungang and Gaoshan forts, and closed the siege. Huafeng took three arrow wounds yet fought with greater fury until the rebels surrendered the city. For his achievements he was promoted by special grace to assistant commander-in-chief and recommended for appointment as deputy general. Pressing on to Taiyuan, he met rebel sorties; an arrow pierced his left arm and others lodged in his thigh, but he fought harder still, captured the rebel-installed grand coordinator Jiang Jianxun, and took the city. He marched to raise the siege of Pingyang, attacked Fenzhou, and routed its leader Shen Hai. While attacking Xiaoyi he met Zhang Erde's relief force, smashed it in battle, took Fenzhou, and captured Erde. Shen Hai returned with another army but was beaten again and fled toward Lu'an. He captured Caojia Fort, Jigu Stockade, and Shanxin Fort in succession. The counties of Jiexiu, Pingyao, Qi, and Xugou all submitted. He advanced on Taigu, seized it and captured its leader Su Sheng, then took Lu'an while Shen Hai fled to Jiuxian Terrace. After taking Changzi he assaulted Jiuxian Terrace, but the slopes were too steep for cavalry; he turned to fire assaults; the rebels gave way and Shen Hai surrendered. He then secured Zezhou. In that year alone he won twenty-two engagements. In the seventh year he wiped out the remaining rebels at Niubi Stockade and captured their leader Yuan Zhong. Shanxi was fully pacified.
38
八年，借補江南蕪永營參將。 討平石皿、鷺鷥二湖盜，獲其渠楊万科。 十二年，擢浙江寧波副將。 明將張名振屯崇明平洋沙，總督馬國柱檄化鳳署蘇松總兵。 名振攻高橋，化鳳馳赴戰，迭擊敗之，遂復平洋沙。 十三年，真除蘇松總兵。 化鳳以平洋沙懸隔海中，戍守不及。 沿海築壩十餘裡使內屬，並引水灌田，俾海濱斥鹵化為膏腴。
In the eighth year he was temporarily posted as colonel of the Wuyong garrison in Jiangnan. He suppressed the lake bandits at Shimin and Lusi and captured their leader Yang Wanku. In the twelfth year he was promoted to deputy commander at Ningbo in Zhejiang. When the Ming commander Zhang Mingzhen held Pingyangsha on Chongming, Governor Ma Guozhu ordered Huafeng to serve as acting commander of Suzhou and Songjiang. Mingzhen attacked Gaoqiao; Huafeng rode to the fight, repeatedly routed him, and recovered Pingyangsha. In the thirteenth year he received formal appointment as Suzhou-Songjiang commander. Huafeng judged Pingyangsha too isolated at sea for timely garrisoning. He built coastal dikes over ten li to tie the shore to inland ground and channeled water for irrigation, turning salt flats into rich farmland.
39
會鄭成功攻崇明，遣諜疑眾，化鳳擒斬之，督兵迎戰，獲其將侯丁秀、宮龍、陳義等。 又遣諸將設伏，斬其將陳正，縛致曾進等十一人。 成功引去，七月，復大舉入寇，連舟蔽江，號百萬，陷鎮江，直犯江寧，南北中梗。 化鳳將所部兵三千人疾馳赴援，升高了敵，見成功軍不整，樵蘇四出，軍士浮後湖而嬉，乃率五百騎夜出神策門，破白土山敵壘。 明日，督兵出儀鳳門，提督管效忠出鍾阜門，夾擊搏戰，拔巨纛，毀其木寨，簡驍勇乘屋，發火器，矢石雜下，成功兵奔潰，逐至龍江關，獲其將餘自新等。 成功收餘眾，連營屯白土山，眾猶數十萬。 又明日，復與總管喀喀木等出神策門，直攻白土山，督將士仰擊，寇迎拒，殊死戰。 甘輝者，成功驍將也，化鳳入陣生獲之。 成功兵奪氣，遂奔不可止，逐北斬馘。 迫江上，化鳳先遣別將焚其舟，成功兵自蹂藉及入江死者無算。 成功遁入海，化鳳策成功當還攻崇明，先遣別將為備。 成功出海攻崇明，化鳳自江寧還援； 成功度不能克，括民舟將渡白茅口，化鳳與相值，絕流迅擊，砲石盪海波，成功復大敗，跳而免。 敘功，授世職三等阿達哈哈番，賜金甲、貂裘。
When Zheng Chenggong struck at Chongming he sent agents to unsettle the populace; Huafeng seized and executed them, met the attack in person, and captured generals including Hou Dingxiu, Gong Long, and Chen Yi. He also sent officers to ambush the enemy, killed General Chen Zheng, and brought in Zeng Jin and eleven others bound. Chenggong withdrew, but in the seventh month returned in force with a river-spanning fleet, claiming a million men; he seized Zhenjiang and drove on Nanjing, cutting communications between north and south. Huafeng raced to the rescue with three thousand men, reconnoitered from high ground, saw Chenggong's ranks disordered with foragers scattered abroad and troops idling on the rear lake, and at night led five hundred horsemen out Shence Gate to smash the fort at Baitu Hill. The next day he led men out Yifeng Gate while Grand Coordinator Guan Xiaozhong issued from Zhongfu Gate; pincering the foe they tore down the great standard, burned the timber palisade, put marksmen on rooftops with firearms, and poured down a storm of shot and stone until Chenggong's army broke; pursuit reached Longjiang Pass and captured Yu Zixin and others. Chenggong regrouped his survivors in linked camps on Baitu Hill, still numbering in the hundreds of thousands. On the following day he again marched out Shence Gate with Ka Ka Mu and others, struck straight at Baitu Hill, and drove his men uphill against fierce rebel resistance. Gan Hui, one of Chenggong's boldest captains, was taken alive when Huafeng plunged into the ranks. Chenggong's army lost heart and fled in uncontrollable rout; the pursuers cut them down and took many heads. As the chase reached the river Huafeng's advance detachments had already burned the fleet; Chenggong's men trampled each other and countless drowned in the water. Chenggong escaped by sea; Huafeng expected a renewed strike at Chongming and sent detachments ahead to prepare. Chenggong sailed out to hit Chongming while Huafeng raced back from Nanjing to reinforce; judging the position untenable Chenggong pressed civilian boats to cross at Baimao Pass; Huafeng intercepted him, struck across the current, and with cannon fire churning the waves routed him again; Chenggong leapt overboard and escaped. For his merits he received the third-class hereditary rank of adaha hafan along with a golden cuirass and sable cloak.
40
十七年，擢蘇松提督，加太子太保、左都督。 化鳳疏言：「蘇、松濱海，地袤八百餘裡，標兵止二千餘。 請酌調省兵三千八百，立六營，資捍禦。」 下部議，從之。 十八年，上復錄化鳳功，進世職三等阿思哈尼哈番。 尋裁江安廬鳳提督，以化鳳為江南提督。 時議者以台灣未復，用廣東、福建例，蘇、松濱海立界，徙居民於內地。 化鳳曰：「沿海設兵，賦擬棄之地以養之。 國既足兵，民無廢業，遷界何為？」 奏入，上從其言。 康熙十年，卒，贈少保，諡敏壯。 聖祖巡西安，遣官祭其墓。 乾隆初，定封三等男。
In the seventeenth year he became grand coordinator of Suzhou-Songjiang with the titles Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and Left Commander-in-Chief. Huafeng memorialized: "Suzhou and Songjiang lie on the coast over more than eight hundred li, yet standard garrison strength is barely two thousand. I ask that three thousand eight hundred provincial troops be reassigned to form six camps for coastal defense." The court referred the proposal and approved it. In the eighteenth year the throne again honored Huafeng's service and raised his hereditary rank to third-class ashan i hafan. Soon afterward the Jiang'an-Lufeng coordinatorate was abolished and Huafeng became grand coordinator of Jiangnan. Advisers urged, citing the Guangdong-Fujian precedent while Taiwan remained unreclaimed, that Suzhou-Songjiang adopt a coastal evacuation line and move inhabitants inland. Huafeng replied: "We post troops on the coast and levy abandoned shorelands to feed them. If the state has enough soldiers and the people keep their livelihoods, why uproot the frontier?" The emperor accepted his view when the memorial arrived. He died in the tenth year of Kangxi and was posthumously honored as Junior Guardian with the temple name Minzhuang. When the Kangxi Emperor visited Xi'an he dispatched officials to offer sacrifice at Huafeng's tomb. Early in the Qianlong reign the family rank was fixed as third-class baron.
41
鼐，其次子也。 以廕授川陝督標左營游擊。 吳三桂亂起，總督哈佔令鼐率兵駐黑水峪，敗王輔臣之兵於觀音堂。 調興安城守游擊。 從征漢中，戰屢捷，克達州，加都督僉事。 三遷至福建陸路提督。 四十五年，擢福建浙江總督。 上南巡，書「旂常世美」字賜之。 初，金世榮為總督，謂出洋大船易藏盜，奏定漁船不得用雙桅，商船悉令改造，樑頭不得過丈有八尺。 鼐力言無益海疆，徒累於商民，上命弛其禁。 四十七年，疏言嘉、湖諸水皆洩入太湖，通津要道，發帑疏治； 支河淤淺，勸民開濬。 上諭支河勸民開濬，慮有司藉此私派，當並發帑疏治。 四十九年，以母喪去官。 五十三年，卒。
Nai was his second son. By inheritance he became mobile commander of the Left Camp in the Sichuan-Shaanxi governor's force. When Wu Sangui rebelled, Governor Hazzan ordered Nai to hold Heishuiyu and defeated Wang Fuchen at Guanyin Hall. He was transferred to mobile commander for the Xing'an garrison. Campaigning in Hanzhong he won repeated victories, captured Dazhou, and was promoted assistant commander-in-chief. After three promotions he rose to land commander of Fujian. In the forty-fifth year he became governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang. On the emperor's southern tour he inscribed "An enduring glory on banner and tablet" and bestowed it on Nai. Earlier Governor Jin Shirong had argued that large seagoing vessels hid smugglers and decreed that fishing boats could not be double-masted and merchant hulls must be rebuilt with beams no more than eighteen feet. Nai protested that the rule did nothing for coastal defense but only harassed merchants; the emperor lifted the restriction. In the forty-seventh year he reported that Jia and Hu waters all fed Lake Tai along vital shipping routes and asked imperial funds for dredging; he also noted that branch channels had silted up and urged local dredging. The emperor replied that encouraging private dredging of branch streams might invite corrupt surcharges and ordered state funds for those works as well. In the forty-ninth year he resigned to observe mourning for his mother. He died in the fifty-third year.
42
劉芳名，字孝五，漢軍正白旗人，初籍寧夏。 仕明至柳溝總兵。 順治元年，降，命仍原官。 二年，調寧夏，賜白金、冠服。 時陝西初定，多盜，悍卒复伺隙謀亂。 芳名撫綏訓練，冀樹威望，銷亂萌，總督孟喬芳疏獎其才。 武大定叛固原，賀珍叛漢中，師進討，芳名皆有功。 三年，方赴鞏昌剿寇，寧夏兵遽變，戕巡撫焦安民。 芳名馳還，察知裨將王元、馬德首亂，遣德署花馬池副將，分元勢； 偵元將出城就寇渠洪大誥，芳名設伏，俟元至，伏發，元力拒，諸將樊朝臣、姜九成等衷擊之，元敗奔，副將馬寧等追擊，獲以歸。 芳名別遣將搜斬大誥。 德聞元誅而懼。 四年春，芳名偕河東道馬之先出師惠安，德乘間糾黨劫軍資，遁入山，合寇渠賀宏器等自紅古城出口，襲破安定。 螺山寇王一林戕參將張純以應之，橫行寧固、平慶間。 芳名督所部兵進次亂麻川，破賊； 復進次預望城，再破賊，斬一林，德以四騎走，追及之河兒坪，縛而磔之，亂乃定，授三等阿達哈哈番，擢四川提督、定西將軍。 尋命以右都督留鎮寧夏。 五年，討平香山寇李彩。
Liu Fangming, courtesy name Xiaowu, was a Han Bannerman of the Plain White Banner originally from Ningxia. Under the Ming he rose to commander at Liugou. He surrendered in the first year of Shunzhi and kept his former rank. In the second year he was posted to Ningxia and rewarded with silver, robes, and an official cap. Shaanxi had only just been settled; bandits were numerous and hardened troops still watched for chances to mutiny. Fangming drilled and reassured the garrison to build authority and choke off unrest; Governor Meng Qiaofang praised his ability in a memorial. When Wu Dading rose at Guyuan and He Zhen at Hanzhong, Fangming distinguished himself in both campaigns. In the third year, while he was marching to Gongchang against bandits, the Ningxia garrison mutinied and murdered Grand Coordinator Jiao Anmin. Fangming raced back, found deputy generals Wang Yuan and Ma De behind the revolt, sent Ma De to act as Huamachi deputy commander, and split Wang Yuan's following; when scouts reported Wang Yuan leaving the city to join rebel chief Hong Dagao, Fangming laid an ambush; Yuan fought hard when sprung upon, but Fan Chaochen, Jiang Jiucheng, and others struck from both sides; Yuan fled, was run down by Ma Ning, and brought back captive. Fangming sent another officer to hunt down and behead Hong Dagao. Ma De grew fearful when Wang Yuan was executed. In the spring of the fourth year, while Fangming and Hedong intendant Ma Zhixian were campaigning from Huian, Ma De rallied confederates, looted army stores, fled into the hills, joined He Hongqi and others through Honggucheng Pass, and stormed Anding. The Luoshan rebel Wang Yilin killed Colonel Zhang Chun in support and raided freely across Ninggu and Pingqing. Fangming advanced to Luanma River, routed the rebels, then moved on to Yuwang City, broke them again, killed Wang Yilin, chased Ma De with four riders to He'erping, bound and executed him by dismemberment, and restored order; he received third-class adaha hafan and was made Sichuan land commander and Pacification General of the West. He was soon ordered to remain at Ningxia as Right Commander-in-Chief. In the fifth year he put down the Xiangshan rebel Li Cai.
43
馬德之誅，副將劉登樓預有功。 登樓居榆林寧塞，多力而狡。 六年，以延安叛應姜瓖，易衣服，自署「大明招撫總督」，戕靖邊道夏時芳，騰書致芳名。 芳名以見汙，怒，封其書示巡撫李鑑，鑑以聞。 登樓西犯花馬池，下興武諸營堡，逼寧州。 時定邊屯蒙古札穆素叛逃賀蘭山，芳名遣兵擊破登樓，登樓走定邊屯，結札穆素寇寧夏西境，犯河東，陷鐵柱、惠安、漢伯諸堡。 將犯靈州，會固山額真李國翰師至，乃定策：鑑守寧夏，御札穆素； 芳名引兵東渡河，趨榆林，與登樓戰於官團莊，大破之。 登樓退據漢伯，師從之，絕其水道，遂合圍。 芳名督兵逼壘東南，當矢石沖。 諸將進曰：「當移數武避賊鋒。」 芳名厲色叱之曰：「死則死耳，何懼為？ 且士卒多傷痍，而我避鋒鏑可乎？」 士卒益奮，攻十二日，克之，斬登樓，餘眾悉降。
Deputy Commander Liu Denglou had helped bring about Ma De's downfall. Denglou held Yulin Ningsai; he was powerful and crafty. In the sixth year he joined Jiang Xiang's Yan'an revolt, donned Ming dress, styled himself "Grand Coordinator for Pacification of the Great Ming," murdered Yanbian intendant Xia Shifang, and wrote to Fangming. Outraged at the insult, Fangming sealed the letter, showed it to Grand Coordinator Li Jian, and Jian reported to court. Denglou marched west on Huamachi, overran the Xingwu forts, and threatened Ningzhou. Meanwhile the Mongol Zhamusu of Dingbian Tun defected to Helan Mountain; Fangming's troops beat Denglou back, but Denglou fled to Dingbian, allied with Zhamusu, raided western Ningxia, crossed the Yellow River eastward, and seized Tiezhu, Huian, Hanbo, and other forts. As they threatened Lingzhou, Bordered Yellow Banner Commander Li Guohan arrived; the plan was for Li Jian to hold Ningxia against Zhamusu; Fangming would cross east with his force toward Yulin and meet Denglou at Guantuanzhuang, where he won a crushing victory. Denglou fell back to Hanbo; the army followed, cut his water, and closed the siege. Fangming himself pressed the southeast face of the fort, squarely in the hail of arrows and stones. His officers urged: "Move back a few paces from the enemy's point." Fangming glared and snapped: "If we die, we die—what is there to fear? And with so many wounded men, how can I shrink from the enemy's steel?" The men fought harder still; after twelve days they stormed the fort, killed Denglou, and the rest surrendered.
44
亂定，進世職二等。 疏言：「寧夏孤懸河外，延袤千里。 鎮兵屢徵發，兵單力薄。 請自後徵發缺額，即令招補備守禦。」 又請以減等罪人僉發沿邊，資生聚。 皆下部議行。
After order was restored his hereditary rank rose to second class. He memorialized: "Ningxia stands isolated west of the river across a thousand li. Its garrison is repeatedly mobilized and too thin to hold the line. When future levies leave gaps, let recruits fill the posts immediately." He also asked that reduced-grade convicts be assigned to frontier settlement to rebuild population and prosperity." Both proposals were referred to the ministries and enacted.
45
十六年，調隨徵江南右路總兵，加左都督，率寧夏三營駐江寧。 鄭成功攻崇明，芳名與提督梁化鳳共擊敗之。 十七年，疏言：「臣奉命勦賊，不意水土未服，受病難瘳。 所攜寧夏軍士，訓練有年，心膂相寄。 今至南方，半為痢瘧傷損。 及臣未填溝壑，敢乞定限更調。」 上報以優旨。 旋卒於軍，加太子太保，諡忠肅。 命所部將士還寧夏本鎮。
In the sixteenth year he was transferred to command the Jiangnan campaign's right route as Left Commander-in-Chief, bringing the three Ningxia camps to garrison Nanjing. When Zheng Chenggong struck Chongming, Fangming and Liang Huafeng defeated him together. In the seventeenth year he wrote: "I was ordered to suppress rebels, but the climate disagreed with me and my illness will not mend. The Ningxia troops I brought have trained for years and are men I rely on as my own right hand. Half of them have already been broken by dysentery and malaria in the south. Before I die in service I beg a fixed term for relief and rotation." The throne answered with a gracious edict." He soon died on campaign and was posthumously honored as Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the temple name Zhongsu. The court ordered his officers and men back to their Ningxia posts.
46
胡有升，錦州人。 崇德元年，睿親王多爾袞、豫親王多鐸率師攻錦州，有道人崔應時者，與州民張紹禎，門世文、世科，秦永福等謀以城降，使有升持書詣師，期內應。 豫親王與書齎還。 明將诇知之，執應時等下獄。 有升與紹禎、世文、世科、永福脫走來歸，各賜冠服、鞍馬、妻室、奴僕。 授世職，有升得三等梅勒章京，隸漢軍鑲黃旗。 屢從征伐，進二等。
Hu Yousheng came from Jinzhou. In Chongde 1, Dorgon and Prince Yu Duo besieged Jinzhou; the Daoist Cui Yingshi and townsfolk Zhang Shaozhen, Men Shiwen, Shike, and Qin Yongfu plotted surrender and sent Yousheng with a letter to arrange an inside rising. Prince Yu returned a reply for him to bring back. Ming scouts discovered the plot and jailed Yingshi and his confederates. Yousheng fled with Shaozhen, Shiwen, Shike, and Yongfu to the Qing side and each received robes, horses, households, and servants. Yousheng received the third-class hereditary rank of meiren janggin and entered the Bordered Yellow Han Banner. He campaigned repeatedly and rose to second class.
47
順治四年，授南贛總兵。 五年，金聲桓、王得仁以南昌叛，犯贛州。 副將高進庫出戰而敗，巡撫劉武元與巡道張鳳儀分守城東西，有升率健卒循城策應。 得仁兵穴城，將置火具仰攻，有升以石窒其竇。 圍三月，糧匱，有升出戰，得仁敗走。 聲桓聞征南大將軍譚泰師至，引退，有升督兵迫擊，多所斬馘。 未幾，李成棟復來攻，有升乘成棟兵方鑿壕，出戰大破之。 語互見武元傳。 初，柯永盛自南贛總兵遷湖廣總督，請以鎮兵二千自隨。 有升疏言：「贛地江、湖關鍵，聲桓亂未平，鎮兵習水土，便征剿，宜遣還鎮。」 上從之。 六年，聲桓誅，成棟走死。 譚泰師還，土寇猶未靖，上猶劉飛、龍南葉芝、石城鄒華、雩都彭順慶、瑞金陳其綸，皆負固為亂，有升與武元分遣諸將次第討平之。 敘功，加左都督，賜紫貂冠服、甲胄、佩刀、鞍馬，進世職三等精奇尼哈番。
In Shunzhi 4 he became commander of Southern Ganzhou. In the fifth year Jin Shengheng and Wang Deren rebelled at Nanchang and marched on Ganzhou. Deputy Commander Gao Jinku sallied and lost; Grand Coordinator Liu Wuyuan and Circuit Intendant Zhang Fengyi split the defense east and west while Yousheng led elite troops along the walls to respond. Deren's men mined the wall and prepared fire gear for an upward assault; Yousheng sealed the breach with stones. After three months supplies ran out; Yousheng sortied and routed Deren. Shengheng retreated when Tan Tai's southern expedition force arrived; Yousheng pursued and took many heads. Soon Li Chengdong returned; while his men dug trenches Yousheng attacked and smashed them. Further details appear in Liu Wuyuan's biography. When Ke Yongcheng left the Southern Ganzhou command for Huguang governor-general he asked to take two thousand garrison troops. Yousheng argued: "Ganzhou guards a river-and-lake choke point; Shengheng's revolt is unsettled; local troops know the terrain and should stay at post." The emperor agreed. In the sixth year Shengheng was killed and Chengdong fled to his death. After Tan Tai withdrew, local bandits remained; Liu Fei of Longnan, Ye Zhi, Zou Hua of Shicheng, Peng Shunqing of Yudu, and Chen Qilun of Ruijin still held out until Yousheng and Wuyuan sent officers to subdue them one by one. For his merits he received Left Commander-in-Chief, purple sable regalia, armor, sword, horse, and third-class jingkini hafan.
48
十年，以尚可喜、耿繼茂疏論有升功，復加太子少保。 十七年，以老解官。 康熙三年，武元子瀇疏請加敘守贛州功，有升亦以請，進一等。 九年，卒，子啟泰襲，改隸正白旗。 再傳，降襲一等阿思哈尼哈番。 乾隆初，定封一等男。
In the tenth year Shang Kexi and Geng Jima cited his service and he was again made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In the seventeenth year he retired for age. In Kangxi 3, Liu Wuyuan's son Hong asked added honors for the Ganzhou defense and Yousheng's rank rose to first class. He died in the ninth year; his son Qitai inherited and moved to the Plain White Banner. Two generations later the inheritance dropped to first-class ashan i hafan. Early in Qianlong the line was fixed as first-class baron.
49
楊名高，漢軍鑲黃旗人，初籍遼東。 太宗時，率其族百餘人來歸，授牛錄額真，兼任兵部理事官。 崇德間，屢從征伐，克塔山、杏山，擊敗明總督范志完，取前屯衛、中後所，皆在行。 順治元年，授世職牛錄章京。 二年，遷甲喇額真。 三年，擢都察院參政。
Yang Minggao was a Han Bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner originally from Liaodong. Under Taizong he brought over a hundred clansmen, became a company commander, and served concurrently in the Board of War. In the Chongde era he campaigned repeatedly, took Tashan and Xingshan, routed Ming governor Fan Zhiwan, and helped seize Qiantunwei and Zhonghousuo. In Shunzhi 1 he received the hereditary rank of niru janggin. In the second year he became a jalan commander. In the third year he rose to censorate commissioner.
50
六年，授福建漳州提督。 明新建王由模據大田，H0延平高峰諸土寇為亂。 七年，名高率師破石磯巔，由模走永安，副將王愛臣追獲之。 高峰寨渠陳光等招德化土寇鄭文薦來援，名高令副將韓尚亮等率師截擊，圍寨。 光奪圍走，名高督兵奮擊，寇多墮壕死。 師進次大田，寇潰走，敗之龍門橋，擒其將郭奇，廖明正，諸寨悉降。
In the sixth year he became land commander at Zhangzhou in Fujian. The Ming Prince of Jianxin, You Mo, held Datian while Yanping Gaofeng and other local bandits rose in revolt. In the seventh year Minggao stormed Shijidian; You Mo fled to Yong'an and Deputy Wang Aichen ran him down and captured him. Gaofeng chief Chen Guang called in the Dehua bandit Zheng Wenjian; Minggao sent Han Shangliang and others to intercept and besiege the stockade. Chen Guang broke out but Minggao pressed the attack and many rebels died in the ditches. Advancing to Datian he routed the rebels, beat them at Longmen Bridge, captured Guo Qi and Liao Mingzheng, and received the surrender of every stockade.
51
尋又率師徇邵武，寇走入江西新城，名高分兵三道進，與總兵王之綱殿，逐寇三十餘裡，擒其將洪國玉、李安民、王恆美等，得牛馬、槍砲無算。 敘功，進世職二等阿達哈哈番。 九年，鄭成功自廈門陷長春、漳浦、海澄、南靖諸縣，以二十餘萬人寇漳州，屯鳳巢山。 名高督兵擊破之，成功退屯海澄，所陷諸縣皆复。 尋復出，陷漳州及所屬諸縣。 給事中魏裔介劾名高怠玩，下總督佟岱按治，坐奪官。 尋卒。
He then marched on Shaowu; rebels fled into Jiangxi's Xincheng; Minggao split into three columns with Wang Zhigang covering the rear, chased them thirty li, and captured Hong Guoyu, Li Anmin, Wang Hengmei, and countless horses, cattle, and guns. For his merits his hereditary rank rose to second-class adaha hafan. In the ninth year Chenggong from Xiamen seized Changchun, Zhangpu, Haicheng, Nanjing, and other counties and invaded Zhangzhou with over two hundred thousand men, encamping at Fengchao Hill. Minggao routed him; Chenggong fell back to Haicheng and the lost counties were retaken. Soon he returned, retook Zhangzhou, and recovered its districts. Censor Wei Yijie accused Minggao of negligence; Governor Tong Tai investigated and removed him from office. He died soon afterward.
52
劉光弼，漢軍鑲藍旗人，初籍遼陽，冒曹氏。 天聰五年，命守耀州。 率兵從太宗伐明，圍大凌河，克城旁三台。 城兵出戰，光弼先眾馳擊，我兵有陷陣者，力援之出。 明監軍道張春、總兵吳襄等自錦州赴援，光弼馳入陣，斬其裨將。 崇德五年，授甲喇額真。 從攻錦州，與墨爾根轄李國翰同克呂洪山諸台。 屢擊敗松山、杏山馬步兵。 明兵屯山口阻我師，與國翰督兵奮戰，明兵引去。 錦州既下，發砲攻克塔出、杏山兩城，及附近台堡。 敘功，予世職牛錄章京。 七年，擢鑲藍旗漢軍梅勒額真。 八年，偕固山額真劉之源詣錦州督鑄砲。 尋從鄭親王濟爾哈朗攻寧遠，取前屯衛、中後所。
Liu Guangbi was a Han Bannerman of the Bordered Blue Banner from Liaoyang who had borne the surname Cao. In Tiancong 5 he was ordered to hold Yaozhou. He followed Taizong against Ming, besieged Dalinghe, and captured the three outworks beside the city. When the garrison sallied Guangbi led the charge; when comrades were trapped in the melee he fought them free. When Ming intendant Zhang Chun and Wu Xiang marched from Jinzhou to relieve the siege, Guangbi rode into the ranks and killed a deputy commander. In Chongde 5 he became jalan baturu. Besieging Jinzhou he and Li Guohan took Luhong Hill and neighboring forts. He repeatedly routed Songshan and Xingshan horse and foot. When Ming forces blocked the pass he and Guohan fought them off until they withdrew. After Jinzhou fell, artillery took Tachu and Xingshan and nearby forts. He received the hereditary rank of niru janggin for his service. In the seventh year he rose to meiren baturu of the Bordered Blue Han Banner. In the eighth year he and Liu Zhiyuan went to Jinzhou to supervise cannon casting. He then joined Prince Zheng Jirhalang against Ningyuan and took Qiantunwei and Zhonghousuo.
53
順治元年，從入關，擊李自成。 旋從固山額真葉臣徇山西，克太原。 三年，從端重親王博洛下浙江，拔金華，進定福建。 五年，授禮部侍郎。 從大將軍譚泰討金聲桓，克南昌，譚泰疏請以光弼署江西提督。 六年，平廣昌土寇，旋命真除。 土寇張自盛、洪國玉等據湖東為亂。 光弼督參將陳昇等討平之。 其黨董明魁、郭承珉等皆降。 遇恩詔，世職累進一等阿達哈哈番。 十三年，賜鞍馬、弓矢。 十六年，以老病致仕。 康熙十二年，卒。
In Shunzhi 1 he crossed the pass and fought Li Zicheng. He then followed Ye Chen into Shanxi and captured Taiyuan. In the third year he followed Prince Duanzhong Bolo into Zhejiang, took Jinhua, and helped pacify Fujian. In the fifth year he became vice minister of Rites. Campaigning with Tan Tai against Jin Shengheng he took Nanchang; Tan Tai asked that Guangbi act as Jiangxi land commander. In the sixth year he pacified Guangchang bandits and received formal appointment. Zhang Zisheng, Hong Guoyu, and other lake bandits held the eastern lakes in revolt. Guangbi led Chen Sheng and others to suppress them. Followers such as Dong Mingkui and Guo Chengmin surrendered. Under an amnesty his hereditary rank accumulated to first-class adaha hafan. In the thirteenth year he received a horse, bow, and arrows from the throne. In the sixteenth year he retired for age and illness. He died in the twelfth year of Kangxi.
54
劉仲錦，漢軍正藍旗人，初籍遼陽東寧衛。 崇德五年，以牛錄額真從睿親王多爾袞等伐明，圍錦州，騎兵千餘出迎戰，仲錦擊破之，追薄城下始還。 复擊敗松山、杏山、呂洪山口敵兵。 七年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗等攻塔山，發砲擊城圮，仲錦率所部兵先登，克之。 進攻杏山，復發砲擊城，毀其垣，城人遂降。 敘功，予世職半個前程。 八年，從巴牙喇纛章京阿爾津、哈寧阿等伐黑龍江虎爾哈部，克博和哩、諾爾噶勒、都里三屯，降大小噶勒達蘇、綽庫禪、能吉勒四屯。 賜貂皮、白金。 復從攻寧遠，取中後所、前屯衛。 進世職甲喇章京。
Liu Zhongjin was a Plain Blue Han Bannerman originally from Dongning Guard in Liaoyang. In Chongde 5, as company commander under Dorgon against Ming, he besieged Jinzhou, broke a thousand-horse sortie, and chased the enemy to the walls before withdrawing. He again defeated Ming forces at Songshan, Xingshan, and Luhong Hill pass. In the seventh year he joined Jirhalang against Tashan; when artillery breached the wall Zhongjin's men were first over and took the city. At Xingshan he again shelled the walls until they crumbled and the garrison surrendered. He received the hereditary stipend of half a junior official's salary. In the eighth year he joined Arjin and Haning'a against the Amur Hurka, took Boheli, Nuo'ergale, and Duli, and reduced four settlements including Dagaledasu and Chuokuchan. He was rewarded with sable and silver. He again campaigned at Ningyuan and took Zhonghousuo and Qiantunwei. His hereditary rank rose to jalan janggin.
55
順治元年，從入關，授戶部理事官，兼甲喇額真。 從固山額真葉臣等徇山西，克太原。 又從英親王阿濟格西討李自成，自陝西下湖廣，敗其將馬進忠，得舟十一。 五年，擢兵部侍郎。 六年，從睿親王討姜瓖，攻渾源、左衛，進攻汾州，皆發紅衣砲克之。 七年，授山東臨清總兵，加都督同知，世職累進一等阿達哈哈番加拖沙喇哈番。 十年，改福建右路總兵，加左都督，駐泉州。 十一年，以疾解任。 旋卒。
In Shunzhi 1 he entered the pass and became a Board of Revenue officer while serving as jalan baturu. He followed Ye Chen into Shanxi and captured Taiyuan. He then joined Prince Ying Ajige's western pursuit of Li Zicheng from Shaanxi into Huguang, routed Ma Jinzhong, and seized eleven boats. In the fifth year he became vice minister of War. In the sixth year he campaigned under the Prince Regent against Jiang Xiang, stormed Hunyuan and Zuowei, then Fenzhou, reducing each place with red-barreled cannon. In the seventh year he became Linqing commander in Shandong with the rank of vice commander-in-chief; his hereditary title accumulated to first-class adaha hafan with tosaha hafan added. In the tenth year he was transferred to the Fujian Right Route as Left Commander-in-Chief, garrisoning Quanzhou. In the eleventh year he resigned for illness. He died soon afterward.
56
論曰：滿洲兵初入關，分駐都會，其後乃久屯，置總管。 沙爾虎達招徠新滿洲，劉之源、巴山、喀喀木鎮撫江南，喀喀木合群力摧大敵，厥功尤著。 漢兵入關後來附者，不復入烏真超哈，循舊制分設提鎮。 化鳳援江寧，與喀喀木同功。 芳名偕馬之先守寧夏，有升佐劉武元守贛州，皆有殊績。 名高等以卿貳出專閫，亦能稱其職者。 若富喀禪鎮西安，烏庫理守盛京，皆見於他篇，故不復著。
The commentator observes: when Manchu forces first entered China they were posted to the great cities; later they settled in long garrisons under resident supervisors. Sha Erhuda drew in the New Manchus; Liu Zhiyuan, Ba Shan, and Ka Ka Mu stabilized Jiangnan; Ka Ka Mu above all rallied combined strength to break a major foe. Han troops who submitted after the conquest remained outside the Eight Banners and were organized under the old system of provincial commanders and garrison generals. Liang Huafeng's relief of Nanjing ranked with Ka Ka Mu's achievement. Liu Fangming and Ma Zhixian held Ningxia; Hu Yousheng aided Liu Wuyuan at Ganzhou—each earned distinguished service. Men such as Yang Minggao who left central office to take field commands likewise proved equal to their posts. Fukacan's defense of Xi'an and Ukuri's guard of Shengjing are treated elsewhere and are not repeated here.