Volume 254 Biographies 41: Lai Ta, Mu Zhan, Mang Yi Tu, Fu Ni Lie, Bi Liketu, A Mi Da, La Ha Da, Gen Te, Xi Bochen

拉哈達察哈泰根特華善席卜臣希爾根}}賚塔，那穆都魯氏，滿洲正白旗人，康古里第四子。年十四，授三等侍衛。坐事免。崇德時，從伐明，圍錦州，擊松山、杏山敵兵，屢有斬獲。攻新城、高陽、霸州、壽光、博興，並先登，身中五創。被賞賚，授前鋒侍衛。

Laita, of the Namuduru clan, belonged to the Plain White Banner and was the fourth son of Kanguli. At fourteen he received appointment as a third-class imperial guard. He was removed from office for misconduct. During the Chongde reign he joined the expedition against Ming, helped besiege Jinzhou, and fought enemy troops at Songshan and Xingshan, winning repeated victories in the field. In assaults on Xincheng, Gaoyang, Bazhou, Shouguang, and Boxing he was always first over the wall and took five wounds in the process. He received rewards and was named a vanguard guard.

順治元年，從討李自成，敗之一片石，追至安肅、慶都。授巴牙喇甲喇章京。從豫親王多鐸轉戰河南、陝西，頻有功。二年，移師江南，克揚州，下江寧，追敗明福王於蕪湖，予拖沙喇哈番。三年，從端重親王博洛下福建，明唐王奔汀州，賚塔率師攻破其城，進拜他喇布勒哈番。明桂王據湖南。六年，從鄭親王濟爾哈朗進衡州，戰敗明將陶養用、胡一清；克祁陽，复戰敗明將周進唐、王進才及一清；又戰敗明將譚弘，取道州；又戰敗一清及明將焦璉，取全州。累晉二等阿達哈哈番兼世管佐領。十一年，明將李定國犯廣東，從珠瑪喇解新會圍，進三等阿思哈尼哈番，擢巴牙喇纛章京。十六年，鄭成功窺江寧，從安南將軍達素討之。比至，成功已敗遁，遂引兵下福建。十七年，戰廈門，師失利，坐免官，奪世職。康熙二年，署前鋒統領。擊李來亨等於茅麓山，數戰皆克。八年，擢正白旗蒙古都統。

In the first year of Shunzhi he marched against Li Zicheng, routed him at Yipianshi, and pursued him as far as Ansu and Qingdu. He was made a Vanguard company commander. Serving under Prince of Yu Dorgon, he campaigned across Henan and Shaanxi and won distinction again and again. The next year the army turned south: Yangzhou fell, Jiangning was taken, and the Ming Prince of Fu was routed at Wuhu; Laita was granted a hereditary captaincy. In the third year he followed Prince Duanzhong Bolo into Fujian. When the Ming Prince of Tang fled to Tingzhou, Laita led the force that took the city and was promoted to deputy company commander. The Ming Prince of Gui still held Hunan. In the sixth year he marched with Prince of Zheng Jirhalang on Hengzhou and defeated the Ming generals Tao Yangyong and Hu Yiqing; captured Qiyang, then again defeated Zhou Jintang, Wang Jincai, and Hu Yiqing; routed the Ming general Tan Hong and seized Daozhou; and finally defeated Hu Yiqing and the Ming general Jiao Lian and took Quanzhou. He rose in stages to second-class commandant and hereditary assistant commandant of his company. In the eleventh year, when the Ming general Li Dingguo struck Guangdong, he served under Zhumala to lift the siege of Xinhui, was raised to third-class commandant-in-chief, and became Vanguard banner commander. In the sixteenth year Zheng Chenggong menaced Jiangning, and Laita marched with Pacification General of Annan Dasu against him. When they arrived Chenggong had already been beaten and had fled, so the army continued into Fujian. In the seventeenth year the army was defeated at Xiamen; he lost his post and his hereditary rank. In the second year of Kangxi he served as acting vanguard commander. At Maolu Mountain he fought Li Laiheng and his followers and won every battle. In the eighth year he was made Mongol lieutenant-general of the Plain White Banner.

十三年，耿精忠叛，遣其將馬九玉、曾養性、白顯忠分三道寇浙江。授賚塔平南將軍，赴援。寇犯金華，遣諸將瑪哈達、雅塔里、拉哈等擊走之，复義烏、諸暨。精忠將王國斌屯金、衢接壤處，為群寇聲援。賚塔與總督李之芳駐衢州，精忠將周列擁眾二萬自常山入。賚塔遣瑚圖要之焦園，俘斬過半。精忠將桑明率眾五萬犯衢州，迎擊，斬級萬餘。十四年，督兵擊九玉，五戰皆捷，又破其將李廷魁，焚所屯木城。康親王杰書軍至衢州，賚塔依例歸將軍印，以都統參贊軍務。時九玉退據九龍山，分萬人扼大溪灘護糧運。傑書令賚塔攻之，即夕遣兵涉河，直搗九玉營，破之。九玉僅以三十騎遁，遂復常山。率瑪哈達等破仙霞關，拔浦城；又與吉勒塔布敗賊建陽，克之。進取建寧，薄延平，精忠乃迎降。

In the thirteenth year Geng Jingzhong rose in rebellion and sent Ma Jiuyu, Zeng Yangxing, and Bai Xianzhong against Zhejiang in three columns. Laita was named Pacification General of the South and marched to their aid. When the rebels attacked Jinhua he sent Mahada, Yatali, Laha, and others to repulse them and recovered Yiwu and Zhuji. Jingzhong's general Wang Guobin held the Jinhua–Quzhou border to back the other rebel forces. Laita and Governor Li Zhifang were at Quzhou when Jingzhong's general Zhou Lie came down from Changshan with twenty thousand troops. Laita sent Hutu to block them at Jiaoyuan and killed or captured more than half their force. When Jingzhong's general Sang Ming attacked Quzhou with fifty thousand men, Laita met him in battle and took more than ten thousand heads. In the fourteenth year he led the attack on Jiuyu, won five straight engagements, routed his general Li Tingkui, and burned the wooden fort where the rebels had camped. When Prince Kang Jieshu arrived at Quzhou, Laita surrendered the general's seal as regulations required and served as lieutenant-general on the staff. Jiuyu had fallen back to Jiulong Mountain and posted ten thousand men at Daxitan to guard his supply lines. Jieshu ordered Laita to strike; that night troops crossed the river, fell on Jiuyu's camp, and routed it. Jiuyu fled with only thirty horsemen, and Changshan was taken back. He led Mahada and others through Xianxia Pass and captured Pucheng; then with Jiletabu defeated the rebels at Jianyang and took the city. As the army advanced on Jianning and closed on Yanping, Jingzhong at last submitted.

其時漳、泉、興化並為鄭錦所據，錦，成功子也。精忠導貝子傅拉塔軍攻錦。十六年，與寧海將軍拉哈達復興化，降仙遊。進討叛將劉進忠於潮州，進忠亦降。康親王杰書奏仍授賚塔平南將軍，守潮州。十七年，錦將劉國軒入犯泉州，與總督姚啟聖會師赴援，复長泰，戰漳州，破敵。十八年，國軒復入犯，迎擊，敗走。十九年，克海澄，錦還台灣。授賚塔本旗滿洲都統，守潮州如故。

Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, and Xinghua were then all held by Zheng Jing, Chenggong's son. Jingzhong guided Prince Fulata's army against Zheng Jing. In the sixteenth year he and Pacification General of Ninghai Lahada retook Xinghua and accepted the surrender of Xianyou. He marched on the rebel Liu Jinzhong at Chaozhou, and Jinzhong submitted as well. Prince Kang Jieshu recommended that Laita again be named Pacification General of the South and left to hold Chaozhou. In the seventeenth year Liu Guoxuan, a general of Zheng Jing, struck Quanzhou; Laita united with Governor Yao Qisheng to relieve the city, retook Changtai, fought at Zhangzhou, and routed the foe. In the eighteenth year Guoxuan invaded again; Laita met him and put him to flight. In the nineteenth year Haicheng fell and Zheng Jing withdrew to Taiwan. Laita was made Manchu lieutenant-general of his banner while remaining in charge of Chaozhou.

尚之信之降也，仍懷貳志，返廣東，复抗命。都統王國棟首告，詔賚塔撫慰。之信已殺國棟反，賚塔率兵討擒之。

Though Shang Zhixin had submitted, he still nursed treacherous designs; back in Guangdong he once more defied the throne. Lieutenant-general Wang Guodong was the first to expose him; the court ordered Laita to reassure Zhixin. Zhixin had murdered Guodong and risen in revolt; Laita marched out, defeated him, and took him prisoner.

時吳世璠尚據雲南，大將軍貝子彰泰自湖南下貴州，上授賚塔平南大將軍，督滿、漢諸軍自廣西入雲南。賚塔師自田州、泗城道西隆，迭戰皆捷。石門坎者去安籠三十里，地峻★C7，世璠將何繼祖等擁眾拒守。賚塔令諸將希福、勒貝、瑪奇等率師前進，而別與總督金光祖等分兵自間道躡其後。二十年元旦，度賊無備，飭前軍進攻；繼祖等倉卒出禦，後軍攀險上，前後夾擊，遂奪其隘口，復安籠所。繼祖復與詹養、王有功等以二萬人守黃草壩。賚塔督諸軍奮擊，自卯至未，破壘二十二，俘養、有功及其眾千餘，並獲其像、馬。捷聞，上以賚塔自廣西深入，先諸軍至，敗敵，溫詔嘉獎。

Wu Shifan still held Yunnan while Grand General Prince Zhangtai advanced on Guizhou from Hunan. The emperor named Laita Grand Pacification General of the South and gave him command of Manchu and Han troops entering Yunnan from Guangxi. Laita's column moved from Tianzhou and Sicheng toward Xilong, winning every engagement along the way. Shimenkan, thirty li from Anlong, was steep and difficult country; Shifan's generals He Jizu and others barred the pass with a large army. Laita sent Xifu, Lebei, Maqi, and others forward while he and Governor Jinguangzu took a detachment along a back trail to strike from behind. On New Year's Day of the twentieth year, reckoning the rebels off guard, he ordered the vanguard forward; Jizu and his men rushed out to fight; Laita's rear column scaled the heights, and the two wings crushed the rebels, took the pass, and recovered Anlong. Jizu fell back with Zhan Yang, Wang Yougong, and others to hold Huangcaoba with twenty thousand troops. Laita led a furious assault from morning until mid-afternoon, stormed twenty-two stockades, captured Yang and Yougong with more than a thousand of their men, and seized their idols and horses as well. News of the victory brought a warm edict of praise: the emperor noted that Laita had pushed deep from Guangxi, arrived ahead of the other columns, and broken the enemy first.

師至曲靖，遣諸將希福、瑪奇、碩塔等分道取霑益、雲龍、嵩明諸州及易龍所、楊林城。彰泰師自貴州至，兩軍合。未至會城三十里，世璠遣郭壯圖等迎戰，列象陣，彰泰軍其左，賚塔軍其右，自卯至午，賊五卻五進，殊死戰。過金汁河，象反踐，陣亂，師乘之，大潰，進屯城東歸化寺。九月，趙良棟師自四川至，遂合圍。賚塔軍銀錠山，運砲至，晝夜番攻，世璠將餘從龍降。诇知糧將罄，人相食，與諸將環而攻之。世璠眾內亂，欲擒世璠以降，世璠自殺。其將夏國相奔廣南，胡國柱奔雲龍州。遣諸將李國樑、希福等追襲之，擒國相，國柱自縊死。雲南大定。

At Qujing he dispatched Xifu, Maqi, Shuota, and others in separate columns to seize Zhanyi, Yunlong, Songming, and other prefectures, along with Yilong post and Yanglin. Zhangtai's army came up from Guizhou and the two hosts joined. Thirty li from the provincial capital, Shifan sent Guo Zhuangtu and others to meet them with war elephants; Zhangtai held the left and Laita the right. From morning until noon the rebels gave ground and surged back five times in a savage fight. At the Jinzhijiang the elephants panicked and trampled their own ranks; the rebel line shattered, the Qing forces pressed home, and the enemy fled in rout. The army then encamped east of the city at Guihua Temple. In the ninth month Zhao Liangdong marched in from Sichuan and the encirclement was closed. Laita seized Yinding Mountain, brought up artillery, and hammered the walls day and night in relays; Shifan's general Yu Conglong came over. Intelligence showed the garrison was starving and men were eating one another; Laita and his generals ringed the city and pressed the assault. Shifan's own men turned on one another, plotting to hand him over; Shifan took his own life. His generals Xia Guoxiang fled toward Guangnan and Hu Guozhu toward Yunlong. He sent Li Guoliang, Xifu, and others in pursuit; Guoxiang was taken alive and Guozhu hanged himself. Yunnan was fully pacified.

二十一年，凱旋，上率群臣郊勞盧溝橋西，行抱見禮。二十二年，以隱匿之信籓下入官婦女，下所司集質。上諭賚塔有大功，勿以細事加罪。禮部議請奪官治罪，詔改降級罰俸。二十三年，卒，諡襄毅。二十五年，追授一等阿思哈尼哈番。

In the twenty-first year he returned in triumph; the emperor led the court in suburban honors west of the Lugou Bridge and received him with the embrace-and-audience ceremony. In the twenty-second year he was accused of concealing palace women seized from Shang Zhixin's household; the matter was referred to the appropriate offices for investigation. The emperor ruled that Laita's great services outweighed petty faults and that he was not to be punished on that account. The Board of Rites recommended dismissal and punishment; the emperor commuted the sentence to demotion and forfeiture of salary. He died in the twenty-third year and was posthumously titled Xiangyi. In the twenty-fifth year he was posthumously raised to first-class commandant-in-chief.

子費葉楞，襲。雍正五年，世宗命追封一等公，令其孫博爾屯襲。並諭：「賚塔克雲南，功績懋著。當日因其功過相掩，未予優封，欲使立功之臣，咸知儆惕收斂，不可恃功驕肆。今事歷多年，後人已知鑑戒。用特追封，示眷念舊臣。」九年，定公號曰褒績。

His son Feiyeleng inherited the rank. In the fifth year of Yongzheng the Yongzheng emperor posthumously enfeoffed him as first-class duke and had his grandson Bo'ertun inherit. The edict read: "In taking Yunnan, Laita rendered outstanding service. At the time his faults offset his merit, so no exceptional reward was given—so that men who had earned glory would learn caution and restraint and not grow arrogant on their achievements. Many years have passed since then, and later generations have taken the lesson to heart. A special posthumous enfeoffment is therefore granted to show remembrance of a faithful servant of old." In the ninth year his ducal designation was fixed as Baoji.

穆佔，納喇氏，滿洲正黃旗人，南楮子也。南楮事具楊吉砮傳。穆佔初任侍衛，兼牛錄額真。順治十六年，署噶布什賢章京。從都統卓洛等駐防雲南，平元江土司有功，予三等阿達哈哈番，擢本旗梅勒額真。

Muzhan, of the Nara clan, belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner and was a son of Nanchu. Nanchu's career is recorded in the biography of Yangginu. Muzhan began as an imperial guard and also served as company commander. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi he served as acting gabushan commander. He garrisoned Yunnan under Lieutenant-general Zhuoluo and distinguished himself in pacifying the Yuanjiang chieftain; he was granted third-class commandant and made vice-commander of his banner.

康熙十二年冬，吳三桂反，命授赫葉安西將軍，道陝西入四川進討，以穆佔署前鋒統領，參贊軍務。十三年二月，師至陝西，時四川巡撫羅森、提督鄭蛟麟皆附賊，總兵譚弘亦叛據陽平關。穆佔與西安將軍瓦爾喀率兵先驅，戰野狐嶺，敗之，克陽平關。總兵吳之茂叛據保寧，穆佔進與戰，屢擊敗之。旋以賊阻餉道，引還漢中。提督王輔臣叛寧羌，與之茂、弘相應。穆佔從大將軍貝勒洞鄂還西安。十四年，詔趣洞鄂討輔臣，而以穆佔代赫葉為安西將軍，率師並進。輔臣將高鼎屯隴州河岸，迎戰，與達理善擊卻之。趨秦州，圍合，輔臣將陳萬策以城降。穆佔复助提督張勇攻下鞏昌，還會諸軍徵平涼。十五年，上遣圖海代洞鄂為大將軍，輔臣降。穆佔分剿餘寇，以次復西河、清水、成、禮諸縣。輔臣將周養民等以慶陽降。

In the winter of the twelfth year of Kangxi, when Wu Sangui rebelled, Heyeh was named Pacification General of Anxi to advance into Sichuan through Shaanxi, with Muzhan as acting vanguard commander on his staff. In the second month of the thirteenth year the army reached Shaanxi. Sichuan governor Luo Sen and military commissioner Zheng Jiaolin had gone over to the rebels, and Regional Commander Tan Hong held Yangping Pass in revolt. Muzhan and Xi'an general Warka led the vanguard, routed the rebels at Yehuling, and seized Yangping Pass. Regional Commander Wu Zhimao rebelled and held Baoning; Muzhan advanced against him and defeated him again and again. When the rebels cut his supply line he drew back to Hanzhong. Military commissioner Wang Fuchen rose at Ningqiang in concert with Zhimao and Tan Hong. Muzhan withdrew to Xi'an with Grand General Prince Tonge. In the fourteenth year the court pressed Tonge to crush Fuchen and named Muzhan Pacification General of Anxi in Heyeh's place; he led the armies forward in concert. Fuchen's general Gao Ding held the Longzhou riverbank to meet them; Muzhan and Dalishan beat him back. He pressed on to Qinzhou, closed the siege, and Fuchen's general Chen Wance surrendered the city. Muzhan then helped military commissioner Zhang Yong take Gongchang and rejoined the main force for the campaign against Pingliang. In the fifteenth year the emperor replaced Tonge with Tu Hai as grand general, and Fuchen submitted. Muzhan mopped up the remaining rebels and, one after another, restored Xihe, Qingshui, Cheng, Li, and the neighboring counties. Fuchen's commanders Zhou Yangmin and others came over at Qingyang.

九月，詔入覲，進秩視都統，佩征南將軍印，統陝西、河南諸軍赴湖廣，討三桂，諸將塔勒岱、鄂克遜從。十六年正月，至荊州。時大將軍順承郡王勒克德渾守荊州，貝勒尚善圍岳州，安親王岳樂圍長沙，簡親王喇布守吉安。上命穆佔助攻長沙，軍至，屯阿彌嶺。三桂初欲自松滋渡江，進攻荊州，相持數年不得逞。聞長沙有新軍至，亟自松滋還援，屯隔江岳麓山。遣其將馬寶等屯城外，掘重壕，布鐵蒺藜，列象陣以守；而自從常德進，為穆佔所敗，走衡州。上命穆佔移兵會簡親王取衡州。十月，克茶陵，复攸、安仁、酃、永寧諸縣。十七年春，克郴州，傍縣並下。穆佔守郴州，以都統宜理布守永興。三桂欲通粵東道，與尚之信、孫延齡軍合，遣其將馬寶、胡國柱等悉銳攻永興。穆佔遣哈克三、碩岱來援。時喇布尚駐吉安，穆佔請旨趣進徵。六月，宜理布、哈克三戰死。碩岱入城守，喇布遣薩克察來援，牒穆佔請益兵。穆佔謂永興軍事簡親王主之。喇布以聞，上責穆佔謬戾。寶、國柱攻永興，二十餘日不下，聞三桂死，乃引還衡州。穆佔率布舒庫等追擊，敗之耒陽。十八年，三桂將吳國貴為他將所䠞，遁永州，穆佔追剿，克之，道州、常寧、新田、永明、江華、東安皆下。師入廣西境，克全州、灌陽、興安、恭城。詔還定湖南，進克新寧。三桂將郭壯圖等擁三桂孫世璠據貴州。

In the ninth month he was called to court, raised to lieutenant-general's rank, given the seal of General Who Campaigns South, and ordered to lead the Shaanxi and Henan forces into Huguang against Wu Sangui, with Taledai and Ekexun under his command. In the first month of the sixteenth year he arrived at Jingzhou. Grand General Prince Shuncheng Lekedehun held Jingzhou; Prince Beile Shangshan had Yuezhou under siege; Prince An Yuele was investing Changsha; and Prince Jian Labu guarded Ji'an. The emperor ordered Muzhan to join the assault on Changsha, and when his troops arrived they encamped at Amiling. Wu Sangui had first planned to cross at Songzi and strike Jingzhou, yet years of deadlock had denied him any opening. When word came that fresh troops had reached Changsha, he rushed back from Songzi to relieve the city and made camp on Yuelu Mountain on the far bank. He sent Ma Bao and other commanders to hold positions outside the walls, cut deep trenches, strew iron caltrops, and form elephant lines for the defense. He then marched out from Changde in person, was beaten by Muzhan, and fled to Hengzhou. The emperor ordered Muzhan to move his army and unite with Prince Jian to seize Hengzhou. In the tenth month they took Chaling and restored You, Anren, Ling, Yongning, and the surrounding counties. In the spring of the seventeenth year they seized Chenzhou, and the counties around it fell in turn. Muzhan held Chenzhou and posted Lieutenant-general Yilibu at Yongxing. Seeking a corridor into eastern Guangdong to link with the armies of Shang Zhixin and Sun Yanling, Wu Sangui sent Ma Bao, Hu Guozhu, and other commanders with every crack unit against Yongxing. Muzhan sent Hakasan and Shuodai to the relief. Labu was still at Ji'an, and Muzhan asked the throne to press him into the field. In the sixth month Yilibu and Hakasan were killed in action. Shuodai withdrew into the city to hold it; Labu sent Sakicha to reinforce and wrote Muzhan asking for more men. Muzhan answered that Prince Jian had charge of operations at Yongxing. Labu reported the exchange, and the emperor censured Muzhan for obstinacy. Ma Bao and Hu Guozhu hammered Yongxing for more than twenty days without success; when news came of Wu Sangui's death they pulled back to Hengzhou. Muzhan pursued with Bushuku and others and routed them at Leiyang. In the eighteenth year Wu Sangui's general Wu Guogui was overthrown by a fellow officer and fled to Yongzhou; Muzhan ran him down, captured the city, and brought Daozhou, Changning, Xintian, Yongming, Jianghua, and Dong'an under control. The column crossed into Guangxi and took Quanzhou, Guanyang, Xing'an, and Gongcheng. The court ordered them back to settle Hunan; they pushed on and seized Xinning. Wu Sangui's generals Guo Zhuangtu and others installed Wu Sangui's grandson Wu Shifan in Guizhou.

十一月，上命貝子彰泰為定遠平寇大將軍，規定雲、貴，穆佔參贊軍務。十九年二月，复沅州。十月，克鎮遠，並定偏橋、興隆二衛。進克平越，下貴陽。世璠奔雲南。十一月，克遵義、安順、石阡、都勻、思南諸府。二十年正月，世璠將夏國相、高起隆、王會、楊應選等擁眾二萬拒戰，屯平遠西南山。穆佔與提督趙賴督諸軍奮擊，起隆等敗竄，會降，遂復平遠。分遣諸將莽奕祿等逐賊，復大定，應選亦降。遂入雲南，與廣西軍會，壁歸化寺。壯圖出兵重關，列象陣犯我軍。賚塔等縱兵夾擊，穆佔戰尤力，象陣亂，反踐其軍。諸軍乘之，壯圖斂兵，止存二十七人，奔入城。九月，四川軍至，總督蔡毓榮破重關，穆佔亦奪玉皇閣，猛攻東西寺。世璠、壯圖皆自殺。穆佔入城，撫餘眾，籍逆產以聞。師還，授正黃旗蒙古都統、議政大臣。

In the eleventh month the emperor named Imperial Prince Zhangtai Grand General for Pacifying Distant Rebels to recover Yunnan and Guizhou, with Muzhan on his staff. In the second month of the nineteenth year Yuanzhou was restored. In the tenth month they took Zhenyuan and brought the Pianqiao and Xinglong garrisons to heel. They pressed forward, seized Pingyue, and entered Guiyang. Wu Shifan fled into Yunnan. In the eleventh month they recovered the prefectures of Zunyi, Anshun, Shiqian, Duyun, and Sinan. In the first month of the twentieth year Wu Shifan's commanders Xia Guoxiang, Gao Qilong, Wang Hui, Yang Yingxuan, and others gathered twenty thousand men to give battle and camped on the mountain southwest of Pingyuan. Muzhan and provincial military commissioner Zhao Lai led a furious attack; Gao Qilong and his fellows broke and scattered, Wang Hui submitted, and Pingyuan was retaken. He sent Mang Yilu and other commanders after the fugitives, restored Dading, and Yang Yingxuan came over as well. They marched into Yunnan, united with the Guangxi force, and made camp at Guihua Temple. Zhuangtu sallied through the heavy pass with war elephants drawn up and struck the Qing line. Laita and his officers closed from both sides while Muzhan fought hardest of all; the elephants panicked, turned on their own ranks, and trampled them down. The Qing forces pressed the rout; Zhuangtu pulled his men in with only twenty-seven left and bolted back into the city. In the ninth month the Sichuan column arrived; Governor-General Cai Yurong forced the heavy pass while Muzhan took Yuhuang Pavilion and hammered the Eastern and Western Temples. Wu Shifan and Zhuangtu both took their own lives. Muzhan entered the city, quieted the people who remained, inventoried rebel holdings, and memorialized the court. On the army's return he was made Mongol lieutenant-general of the Plain Yellow Banner and a grand councilor.

二十二年，追論徵保寧時奏軍事不實，徵平涼時不臨陣指揮，及不救永興，罪當絞，籍沒。上諭曰：「穆佔固有罪，但其戰績多至二百六十處，此所議稍過。」命覆議，乃請奪官、削世職、沒妻子入內務府，上命但奪官，餘悉寬之。尋卒。

In the twenty-second year a posthumous review held that he had filed false battle reports at Baoning, had not led from the front at Pingliang, and had failed to save Yongxing; the penalty was death by strangulation and confiscation of his estate. The emperor said, "Muzhan is guilty, yet his record runs to more than two hundred and sixty engagements—the proposed sentence is too harsh." He ordered the case reopened; the reviewers then asked that he be stripped of office, lose his hereditary post, and have wife and children enrolled in the Imperial Household Department, but the emperor commanded that only his rank be taken and the rest be remitted. Before long he died.

莽依圖，兆佳氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。父武達禪，崇德中從伐明，攻任丘、濟陽，並先登，賜號「巴圖魯」，予牛錄章京世職。既入關，授太原城守尉。卒。

Mangyitu, of the Zhaojia clan, belonged to the Bordered White Banner. His father Wudachan had campaigned against Ming in the Chongde era, stormed Renqiu and Jiyang, and been first over the walls at both places; for this he received the title baturu and a hereditary company commandership. Once the army had crossed into China proper, he was made garrison commander of Taiyuan. He died.

莽依圖襲職，進三等阿達哈哈番。順治十五年，從征南將軍卓卜特下貴州，自都勻次盤江，破明將李定國。移師定雲南。康熙二年，李自成餘黨李來亨等據湖北茅麓山，未下，從靖西將軍穆里瑪攻克之。凱旋，授江寧協領。

Mangyitu succeeded to the family post and was raised to third-class commandant. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi he marched under Pacification General of the South Zhuobote into Guizhou, advanced from Duyun to the Pan River, and routed the Ming general Li Dingguo. The army then turned to pacify Yunnan. In the second year of Kangxi, Li Laiheng and other survivors of Li Zicheng held out on Maolu Mountain in Hubei; Mangyitu served under Pacification General of the West Murima and took the position. After the victorious return he was named assistant commander at Jiangning.

十三年，吳三桂陷湖南，復從鎮南將軍尼雅翰攻岳州，砲擊寇艦，敗之七里橋。十四年，三桂構廣西總兵馬雄叛，廣東十府失其四。尚可喜請兵，上命尼雅翰率師赴廣東，以莽依圖署副都統，駐肇慶。甫至，而可喜子之信已叛應三桂。十五年，三桂將範齊韓等偪肇慶，莽依圖潰圍出，且戰且走，還駐江西。聞三桂將黃士標等攻信豐，亟率師赴援，遣奇兵出其背，與城兵衷擊之，賊大潰，遂會鎮南將軍覺羅舒恕解南康圍。

In the thirteenth year, when Wu Sangui overran Hunan, Mangyitu again served under Pacification General of the South Nyahha at the siege of Yuezhou, shelled the rebel fleet, and drove them off at Qiliqiao. In the fourteenth year Wu Sangui turned the Guangxi provincial commander Ma Xiong, and four of Guangdong's ten prefectures fell to the rebels. Shang Kexi appealed for reinforcements, and the emperor sent Nyahha south into Guangdong with Mangyitu as acting deputy lieutenant-general at Zhaoqing. They had scarcely arrived when Shang Kexi's son Zhixin had already gone over to Wu Sangui. In the fifteenth year Fan Qihan and other Wu Sangui generals closed on Zhaoqing; Mangyitu cut his way out, fighting a running withdrawal, and regrouped in Jiangxi. When he learned that Huang Shibiao and other Wu Sangui generals were besieging Xinfeng, he rushed to relieve the city, sent a detachment to take the enemy in the rear, and with the garrison crushed them in a pincer; the rebels broke and fled, and he joined Pacification General of the South Shuxu in raising the siege of Nankang.

十六年三月，上命舒恕留兵守贛州，而授莽依圖署江寧副都統，代舒恕佩鎮南將軍印，帥師規复廣東，以額赫訥、穆成額參贊軍事。自南康進南安，再進南雄，三桂所遣守將皆出降，之信亦率籓屬歸順。莽依圖遂踰嶺進韶州，韶居五嶺脊，為贛、粵咽喉，賊所必爭。莽依圖以城北當敵衝，厚增土牆，夜則縋卒出城濬壕通水，並分兵斷廣州餉道。三桂將胡國柱、馬寶以萬餘人攻城，莽依圖屢擊卻之；乃扼河西斷我水運，又壁蓮花山發砲，女牆悉壞。會江寧將軍額楚赴援，莽依圖出城兵夾擊，破四壘，逐北至帽峰山，夜戰，大敗之。河西賊亦引去，餉運始通。莽依圖督軍追擊，破敵風門澳，斬二千餘級。下樂昌、仁化諸縣，乃還駐韶州。

In the third month of the sixteenth year the emperor left Shuxu to garrison Ganzhou, made Mangyitu acting deputy lieutenant-general at Jiangning, and transferred to him the seal of Pacification General of the South so that he might lead the campaign to recover Guangdong, with Ehene and Muchenge on his staff. From Nankang he pushed on to Nan'an and then Nanxiong; Wu Sangui's garrison commanders surrendered one after another, and Zhixin too submitted with his household and followers. Mangyitu crossed the mountains into Shaozhou, a city on the backbone of the Five Ridges and the hinge between Jiangxi and Guangdong—ground no rebel army could afford to yield. Mangyitu turned the city's northern face to the enemy's line of attack and raised the earthen ramparts higher; by night he lowered men over the walls to dredge the moat and link it to open water, and sent detachments to sever Guangzhou's supply lines. Hu Guozhu and Ma Bao, Wu Sangui's generals, assaulted the city with more than ten thousand men, and Mangyitu beat them back again and again; then they seized the west bank, choked off river supply, and from fortified positions on Lianhua Mountain shelled the walls until the parapets were shattered. Echu, the Jiangning general, came up with reinforcements; Mangyitu sallied forth and caught the enemy between two forces, overran four camps, pursued them to Maofeng Mountain, and after fighting through the night broke them completely. The enemy west of the river pulled back as well, and the supply route was open again. Mangyitu pressed the pursuit, routed the enemy at Fengmen'ao, and took more than two thousand heads. After taking Lechang, Renhua, and the surrounding counties, he returned to hold Shaozhou.

時傅弘烈佩撫蠻滅寇將軍印，巡撫廣西，所將義兵五千人。莽依圖慮其力不支，遣副都統額赫訥將兵八千赴梧州佐弘烈，而之信不為具舟，師久不集。十七年二月，莽依圖至平樂，圍城，寇水陸拒戰，引還中山鎮，與弘烈互奏糾，上兩釋之。莽依圖復還梧州，引咎請罷將軍，上切責之，命留任圖功贖罪。十八年春，三桂從孫世琮犯梧州，莽依圖與弘烈謀合諸軍分佈水陸，與戰，賊敗去，遂復桂林。語具弘烈傳。

At that time Fu Honglie, governor of Guangxi, held the seal of General for Pacifying Barbarians and Destroying Bandits and commanded five thousand militia. Fearing Fu Honglie was overmatched, Mangyitu sent Deputy Lieutenant-General Ehene with eight thousand men to Wuzhou to support him; Zhixin, however, would not provide transport, and the troops lingered for weeks without gathering. In the second month of the seventeenth year Mangyitu invested Pingle, but the rebels held him off on land and water and he fell back to Zhongshan Town; he and Fu Honglie then filed rival accusations, and the emperor dismissed the charges against both men. Mangyitu withdrew to Wuzhou, accepted responsibility, and asked to surrender his command; the emperor rebuked him sternly and told him to keep his post and redeem himself with victories. In the spring of the eighteenth year Wu Sangui's grand-nephew Shizong struck at Wuzhou; Mangyitu and Fu Honglie united their forces on land and water, defeated the rebels, and retook Guilin. The fuller account appears in Fu Honglie's biography.

三桂將馬承廕以南寧來降，世琮自梧州敗歸，並力攻南寧。城幾陷，莽依圖方臥病，聞警，督軍倍道赴援。賊悉銳依山列鹿角拒戰，莽依圖使額楚、額赫訥引前鋒兵衝擊之，而自與舒恕麾大軍進，預遣兵潛出山後斷歸路，盡殪之。世琮負重傷，以數十騎越山遁。南寧圍解。命進取雲、貴，莽依圖以承廕雖降，心叵測，疏請暫駐南寧。上命簡親王喇布鎮桂林，莽依圖俟都統希福軍至，合兵謀進取。十九年，授護軍統領。承廕果以柳州复叛，弘烈遇害。莽依圖軍進次宜賓，承廕驅象陣迎戰，以勁弩射之，象返奔，賊陣亂，鐵騎乘之，遂大敗。承廕復以柳州降。莽依圖疾益深，八月，卒於軍。

Wu Sangui's general Ma Chengyin surrendered Nanning; Shizong, retreating from Wuzhou, joined him in a combined assault on the city. Nanning was on the verge of collapse when Mangyitu, sick abed, heard the alarm, roused himself, and marched the army at forced pace to its rescue. The rebels massed their elite along the hills behind abatis; Mangyitu sent Echu and Ehene to smash the front while he and Shuxu led the main body forward, having already slipped troops around the mountain to seal the retreat—every man of the enemy force was killed. Shizong, badly wounded, escaped over the mountains with only a few dozen riders. The siege of Nanning was raised. When orders came to push into Yunnan and Guizhou, Mangyitu—doubting Ma Chengyin despite his surrender—memorialized the throne asking to hold Nanning for the time being. The emperor posted Prince Jian Labu at Guilin while Mangyitu waited for Lieutenant-General Xifu's column to arrive before planning the next advance. In the nineteenth year he was made commander of the Guard. Ma Chengyin duly rose again from Liuzhou, and Fu Honglie lost his life. Mangyitu's army halted at Yibin; Ma Chengyin sent an elephant corps against him, but volleys of heavy crossbow bolts sent the beasts stampeding back through their own lines; armored cavalry charged into the chaos and broke the enemy utterly. Ma Chengyin submitted once more, yielding Liuzhou. Mangyitu's illness deepened, and in the eighth month he died in the field.

莽依圖母賢，嘗訓以不殺降，不掠民，莽依圖終身誦之，時稱「仁義將軍」。既卒，南寧人繪其像祀之。事平，朝議追論自平樂還梧州失律罪，當籍沒。上以莽依圖戰多，且不擾民，寬之，奪恩詔所加世職，以原授拜他喇布勒哈番兼拖沙喇哈番予其弟博和里。博和里曰：「兄平粵有功，上褒之，不可使吾子孫復襲此職。」乃撫其孫布瞻阿繼襲。乾隆元年，追諡襄壯。

Mangyitu's mother had been a woman of principle who taught him never to slaughter prisoners or prey on civilians; he lived by her words all his days, and his contemporaries named him the Benevolent and Righteous General. After his death the people of Nanning painted his likeness and enshrined him in worship. Once peace was restored, the court reopened the charge that he had violated military discipline by withdrawing from Pingle to Wuzhou and recommended confiscation of his estate. The emperor, weighing Mangyitu's long record in battle and his restraint toward civilians, was merciful: he removed the grace-edict hereditary rank but passed the original deputy company commandership and captaincy to Mangyitu's younger brother Boheli. Boheli said, "My brother earned his honors pacifying Guangdong, and the emperor himself commended him—our line ought not inherit this post again." So he placed his nephew Buzhan'a in succession instead. In the first year of Qianlong he received the posthumous name Xiangzhuang.

三桂初反，十三年正月，上授都統尼雅翰鎮南將軍，會師德州，道安慶至武昌。尋命參贊軍務，攻岳州；旋又命進取南康，克之；又擊破三桂將黃乃忠等於袁州。十五年五月，上命哈爾哈齊率江寧兵攻吉安，解尼雅翰鎮南將軍印授之；螺子山敗，改授覺羅舒恕。

At the outset of Wu Sangui's rebellion, in the first month of the thirteenth year the emperor named Lieutenant-General Nyahha Pacification General of the South; his forces gathered at Dezhou and advanced through Anqing to Wuchang. Shortly afterward he was ordered to serve on the staff and attack Yuezhou; He was soon ordered to push on and seize Nankang, which he took; He again routed Wu Sangui's generals Huang Naizhong and others at Yuanzhou. In the fifth month of the fifteenth year the emperor ordered Harhaqi to lead Jiangning forces against Ji'an, stripped Nyahha of the Pacification General of the South seal, and gave it to Harhaqi; After the defeat at Luozi Mountain, the seal passed instead to Aisin Gioro Shuxu.

覺羅舒恕，滿洲正白旗人，武功郡王禮敦曾孫。康熙八年，自一等侍衛授兵部督捕侍郎，調吏部。十三年，命署前鋒統領，參贊定南將軍希爾根軍務。精忠遣將陷撫州，舒恕從希爾根進擊，克之。十四年，精忠兵復至，又擊破之，克新城、宜黃、崇仁、樂安諸縣。上命舒恕援廣東，授鎮南將軍。叛將馬雄及三桂將王弘勳攻高州，與戰不利，退駐肇慶。十五年，尚之信反，再退駐贛州。十六年，上命解鎮南將軍印授莽依圖，率師下廣東，令舒恕留兵佐巡撫佟國楨守贛州。尋复授安南將軍。三桂兵自宜章窺南雄、韶州，上命莽依圖赴韶州應敵，而舒恕守南雄為聲援。

Aisin Gioro Shuxu belonged to the Plain White Banner and was the great-grandson of Prince Kewu of Wugong, Lidun. In the eighth year of Kangxi he rose from first-class imperial guard to vice-minister of War for pursuit and apprehension, and was then moved to the Board of Civil Appointments. In the thirteenth year he was named acting vanguard commandant on the staff of Pacification General Who Settles the South Hilgen. When Jingzhong's generals seized Fuzhou, Shuxu marched with Hilgen to retake it. In the fourteenth year, when Jingzhong's army came back, he routed them again and recovered Xincheng, Yihuang, Chongren, and Le'an. The emperor sent Shuxu to reinforce Guangdong and made him Pacification General of the South. When the rebel Ma Xiong and Wu Sangui's general Wang Hongxun struck Gaozhou, Shuxu fought them unsuccessfully and fell back to Zhaoqing. In the fifteenth year, when Zhixin rose in rebellion, Shuxu retreated once more to Ganzhou. In the sixteenth year the emperor transferred the Pacification General of the South seal from Shuxu to Mangyitu and sent Mangyitu into Guangdong; Shuxu was left with troops to help Governor Tong Guozhen hold Ganzhou. He was soon reappointed Pacification General of Annam. With Wu Sangui's troops probing Nanxiong and Shaozhou from Yizhang, the emperor sent Mangyitu to Shaozhou to meet them and left Shuxu at Nanxiong in support.

十七年，穆佔言郴州、桂陽新復，請敕舒恕移師駐守。舒恕疏言南韶為湖南、江西、廣東三省接壤，不可輕離。繼命進次梧州。十八年，即軍前授都察院左都御史。旋與莽依圖共擊吳世琮，解南寧之圍。舒恕以病乞還肇慶，召還京。入對，上察其神色如故，無病狀，詔詰責，命羈候宗人府，下王大臣議，奪職。三十四年，起鑲黃旗滿洲副都統，再遷寧夏將軍，參贊撫遠大將軍費揚古軍務，討噶爾丹。三十五年，上親征，授揚威將軍，從費揚古出西路。上駐棟斯拉，召費揚古議軍事，以舒恕署大將軍。師有功，予拖沙喇哈番世職，擢正藍旗滿洲都統。以病乞休。卒。

In the seventeenth year Muzhan reported the recent recovery of Chenzhou and Guiyang and asked that Shuxu be ordered to move up and garrison the region. Shuxu replied that Nanxiong and Shaozhou sat at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong and must not be abandoned. He was then ordered forward to Wuzhou. In the eighteenth year he received appointment as Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate while still in the field. He soon joined Mangyitu against Wu Shizong and lifted the siege of Nanning. Shuxu claimed illness and asked to withdraw to Zhaoqing; the court recalled him to Beijing. At audience the emperor found him in full health despite his plea; Shuxu was rebuked by edict, held in custody at the Imperial Clan Court, referred to the princes and ministers for judgment, and dismissed from office. In the thirty-fourth year he was recalled as Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Bordered Yellow Banner, then made Ningxia general on the staff of Grand General Who Pacifies the Distant Feiyanggu for the campaign against Galdan. When the emperor marched in person in the thirty-fifth year, Shuxu was named General Who Displays Might and took the western route under Feiyanggu. While the emperor was encamped at Dongnisila he called Feiyanggu to council and left Shuxu as acting grand general. For the army's success he received the hereditary captaincy and was raised to Manchu lieutenant-general of the Plain Blue Banner. He retired on grounds of illness. He died.

勒貝，郭絡羅氏，滿洲正藍旗人，鄂羅塞臣子。初授侍衛，兼管牛錄事。累遷正藍旗滿洲都統。三桂亂未平，康熙十六年春，上以簡親王喇佈出師江西久無功，參贊均不勝任，命勒貝及哈克三、舒庫往代之。既，命與江寧將軍額楚守韶州；又詔進次梧州，與弘烈攻鬱林及北流、興業、陸川、博白，軍益振，乘勝下南寧，克象州。十九年秋，莽依圖卒於軍。詔勒貝代為鎮南將軍，從賚塔定雲南。抵西隆，诇知三桂將何繼祖等屯安籠所石門坎，與瑪奇率前鋒奮攻，次第克三峰，奪隘口，復安籠所。繼祖等堅守黃草壩，列象陣以待，復與賚塔大敗之，直抵雲南城。吳世璠自殺，滇平。師還，道卒。

Lebei, of the Guoluoguo clan, belonged to the Plain Blue Banner and was the son of Eroluosechen. He began as an imperial guard and concurrently managed his company. He rose through the ranks to Manchu lieutenant-general of the Plain Blue Banner. While Wu Sangui's rebellion still raged, the spring of Kangxi sixteen found Prince Jian Labu stalled in Jiangxi and his deputies wanting; the emperor sent Lebei, Hakesan, and Shuku to take over. Soon he was ordered to defend Shaozhou with Jiangning General Echu; then to push on to Wuzhou and, with Fu Honglie, strike Yulin, Beiliu, Xingye, Luchuan, and Bobai—the army's spirits soared, and riding the momentum he took Nanning and Xiangzhou. In the autumn of the nineteenth year Mangyitu died on campaign. Lebei was ordered to succeed him as Pacification General of the South and join Laita in the conquest of Yunnan. At Xilong scouts reported Wu Sangui's generals He Jizu and others holding Shimengkan in Anlong; Lebei and Maqi stormed the vanguard position, carried three peaks in turn, seized the pass, and retook Anlong. He Jizu held Huangcaoba with elephants deployed in battle order; Lebei and Laita routed him there and marched to the gates of Yunnan. Wu Shifan took his own life, and Yunnan was pacified. He died on the homeward march.

佛尼埒，科奇理氏，滿洲鑲紅旗人，世居瓦爾喀。父索爾和諾，少孤，兄瑚里納撫之成立，後為仇所害，索爾和諾手刃之，祭兄墓。崇德三年，來歸。從伐明，攻河間，戰死，授牛錄章京世職。

Fonilie, of the Keqili clan, belonged to the Bordered Red Banner; his family were longtime residents of Warka. His father Suo'erhenuo lost his parents early and was brought up by his elder brother Hulina, who was later murdered; Suo'erhenuo killed the assailant himself and offered sacrifice at his brother's grave. He submitted in the third year of Chongde. He joined the expedition against Ming, fell attacking Hejian, and was posthumously granted the hereditary company commandership.

佛尼埒襲職。授西安駐防牛錄額真，進二等阿達哈哈番。康熙初，累擢西安副都統。十三年春，從將軍瓦爾喀道四川討吳三桂。入棧道，聞四川叛附三桂，譚弘據陽平關。從瓦爾喀自野狐嶺進兵，斬三千餘級。進朝天關，屢擊敗敵軍。總兵吳之茂以保寧叛，移師往討之，弗克，鑿壕塹與相持。之茂出劫略陽糧艘，截槐樹驛運道。我師餉不繼，還漢中。之茂要於中途，與總兵王懷忠擊之，敗走。

Fonilie succeeded to the family post. He became company commander of the Xi'an garrison and was raised to second-class deputy commandant. In the early Kangxi reign he rose to deputy lieutenant-general at Xi'an. In the spring of the thirteenth year he marched under General Warka into Sichuan against Wu Sangui. On the plank roads he heard that Sichuan had gone over to Wu Sangui and that Tan Hong held Yangping Pass. He followed Warka through Yehuling and took more than three thousand heads. At Chaotian Pass he beat back the enemy again and again. When brigade-general Wu Zhimao rebelled at Baoning, Fonilie moved against him, failed to reduce the city, and settled into trench warfare. Zhimao sallied forth to seize grain boats on the Lueyang route and severed the supply line at Huaishu Post. With rations exhausted, the army withdrew to Hanzhong. Zhimao ambushed the column on the march; Fonilie and brigade-general Wang Huaizhong routed him and drove him off.

其冬，提督王輔臣叛，連陷平涼、秦州。十四年，擢西安將軍，加振武將軍銜。命與貝勒洞鄂進討輔臣將高鼎，以四千人屯關山河岸，偕穆佔整師與戰，破其壘；逐北，又敗之渭河橋，進薄秦州。壘未定，賊乘我不備，開壁出戰。佛尼埒督軍遮擊，賊不敢犯。旋攻克東西二關。賊數千掠仙逸關，佛尼埒慮斷餉道，分兵往援。賊逾山走，追躡之，殺其黨且盡，遂率師趨隴州。賊縱火焚山澤，佛尼埒曰：「是欲燒絕我輓運道也。若不增兵策應，軍食何賴焉？」因暫駐隴州。

That winter Wang Fuchen, regional commander of Shaanxi, rebelled and swept Pingliang and Qinzhou. In the fourteenth year he was made Xi'an general with the honorary title General Who Shakes Martial prowess. With Prince Beile Tonge he was sent against Fuchen's general Gao Ding, posted four thousand men on the Guanshan River, and with Muzhan smashed the rebel fort; pursued them north, routed them again at Weihe Bridge, and closed on Qinzhou. While the entrenchments were still incomplete, the rebels caught the army off guard and sallied from the walls. Fonilie led a blocking counterattack and the rebels dared not press home. He soon took the eastern and western passes as well. When several thousand rebels struck Xianyi Pass, Fonilie, fearing for his supply line, sent a detachment to its aid. The rebels fled over the hills; he ran them down and killed nearly every man, then marched on Longzhou. The rebels torched the hills and marshland; Fonilie said, "They mean to burn out our supply route. Unless we bring up more men to cover the convoys, what will feed this army?" He therefore halted temporarily at Longzhou.

時師攻秦州久未下，而四川及平涼諸寇挾萬餘人赴救，城寇與應者亦八千餘。佛尼埒亟還師與諸軍合，偕內大臣坤連敗賊眾，擒其將李國棟等，殪其眾三千餘。州城复，以次下禮縣、西和、清水、伏羌諸城。漢中運道阻，軍大饑。將軍席卜臣還西安，上命佛尼埒領兵開棧道，規漢中，緣塗擊賊，皆潰竄。十五年，之茂欲為輔臣援，再犯秦州。佛尼埒與護軍統領傑殷議繞賊後，絕其運道，復靜寧。大將軍圖海下平涼，之茂遁。又與傑殷乘夜追擊，及之牡丹園，遂克祁山堡。之茂僅以十餘騎走。

The siege of Qinzhou had dragged on when more than ten thousand rebels from Sichuan and Pingliang marched to its relief, joined inside the walls by eight thousand more. Fonilie raced back to join the main force; he and Inner Minister Kun broke the rebel host again and again, captured Li Guodong and other commanders, and killed more than three thousand men. Qinzhou fell, and Li County, Xihe, Qingshui, and Fuqiang followed in turn. With the Hanzhong route cut, the army went hungry. When Xibochen withdrew to Xi'an, the emperor ordered Fonilie to reopen the plank roads toward Hanzhong; rebels along the route broke and scattered at every encounter. In the fifteenth year Wu Zhimao, intending to relieve Fuchen, struck Qinzhou again. Fonilie and Guard Commander Jieyin planned a sweep behind the enemy to cut his supply line and retook Jingning. Grand General Tu Hai reduced Pingliang, and Wu Zhimao fled. With Jieyin he gave night pursuit, ran the enemy down at Mudan Garden, and took Qishan Fort. Wu Zhimao escaped with only a dozen horsemen.

十六年，追論自保寧退還漢中諸罪，降世職為拜他喇布勒哈番，削振武將軍銜，仍署西安將軍。十七年，與吳丹等敗敵於牛頭山、於香泉，率師駐守寶雞，堅扼棧道諸隘。寇屢至，屢敗之。十八年，從大將軍圖海徵興安，寇阻梁河關。佛尼埒領兵先驅，濟乾玉河，拔之。興安下。十九年，潼川降，並復鹽亭、中江、射洪諸縣。再敗寇豹子山，克瀘州。冬，吳世璠將胡國柱自敘州擾永寧，詔授建威將軍討之。二十年，克馬湖。世璠將宋國輔等以永寧降。國柱亦棄敘州遁，上命佛尼埒守之。尋命還鎮漢中。二十一年，卒。乾隆初，追諡恭靖。子托留，襲世職，官至黑龍江將軍。額倫特，別有傳。

In the sixteenth year the court revisited his retreat from Baoning to Hanzhong, lowered his hereditary rank to deputy company commander, removed his General Who Shakes Martial prowess title, and left him acting Xi'an general. In the seventeenth year he and Wu Dan routed the enemy at Niutou Mountain and Xiangquan, garrisoned Baoji, and locked down the plank-road passes. Raiders came again and again, and he turned them back every time. In the eighteenth year he followed Tu Hai against Xing'an, where rebels held Lianghe Pass. Fonilie led the van, crossed the Qianyu River, and stormed the pass. Xing'an was recovered. In the nineteenth year Tongchuan submitted and Yanting, Zhongjiang, and Shehong were retaken as well. He routed the enemy again at Baozishan and captured Luzhou. That winter Wu Shifan's general Hu Guozhu raided Yongning from Xuzhou; Fonilie was named General Who Establishes Might and sent against him. In the twentieth year he captured Mahu. Wu Shifan's generals Song Guofu and others handed over Yongning. Hu Guozhu abandoned Xuzhou and fled; the emperor left Fonilie to hold the city. He was soon ordered back to his post at Hanzhong. He died in the twenty-first year. In the early Qianlong reign he received the posthumous name Gongjing. His son Tuoliu succeeded to the family rank and eventually became Heilongjiang general. E'lente is treated in a separate biography.

坤，那木都魯氏，滿洲正黃旗人，先世居綏芬，隸瓦爾喀部。父伊訥克，太宗伐瓦爾喀，先眾降。坤事太宗，洊擢一等侍衛，兼管牛錄事。太宗伐明，圍松山。明總兵曹變蛟乘夜犯御營，迫正黃旗營門。諸侍衛及親軍等皆散列門左右，坤獨當門，力戰卻敵。上嘉其勇，賜號「巴圖魯」，賚白金四百，授一等甲喇章京世職。

Kun, of the Namuduru clan, belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner; his family were longtime residents of Suifen in the Warka lands. His father Yin'eke submitted before the other Warka chiefs when the Taizong marched against them. Serving under the Taizong, Kun rose to first-class imperial guard and also managed his company. On the Taizong's expedition against Ming he helped besiege Songshan. Ming brigade-general Cao Bianjiao struck the imperial camp by night and drove to the gates of the Plain Yellow Banner lines. Bodyguards and personal troops lined both sides of the gate; Kun alone held the entrance and fought fiercely until the enemy was driven back. The emperor praised his bravery, gave him the title baturu, awarded four hundred taels of silver, and granted a hereditary first-class company commandership.

世祖朝，累進一等阿思哈尼哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。尋以遣祭昭陵辭未往，扈蹕南台不入直，又娶女子已賜配者為妻，論罪當死，上寬之，奪官，仍留世職侍衛。順治十一年，從靖南將軍珠瑪喇下廣東，命署固山額真。破明將李定國於新會，逐至橫州江岸，斬馘無算。擢內大臣。康熙十二年，獎先朝諸舊臣，坤加太子太保。

Under the Shizu Emperor he rose in stages to first-class commandant-in-chief and hereditary captain. Shortly afterward he was found guilty on three counts—declining a mission to sacrifice at the Zhaoling Mausoleum yet never going, escorting the emperor to the Southern Terrace without taking regular duty, and marrying a woman who had already been given as a bride to another. The offense carried the death penalty, but the emperor showed mercy, removed his office, and left him a hereditary guardsman's post. In the eleventh year of Shunzhi he marched into Guangdong under General Who Pacifies the South Zhumala and was appointed acting banner commander. He broke Li Dingguo at Xinhui, chased him to the Hengzhou riverbank, and killed an untold number of his men. He was raised to Inner Minister. In the twelfth year of Kangxi, when veterans of the founding reign were honored, Kun was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

吳三桂反，授振武將軍，帥師駐汝寧。王輔臣叛，命移師西安。十四年，又命偕副都統翁愛等進駐漢中，輔臣毀鳳縣偏橋絕運道，又斷棧道，阻漢中聲援。詔趣坤援漢中，次寶雞，以道阻未克進。命罷將軍，以內大臣從軍。秦州既复，朝議規复漢中，以坤守潼關。

When Wu Sangui rose in rebellion, he was named General Who Shakes Martial prowess and encamped at Runing. After Wang Fuchen rebelled he was ordered to march west to Xi'an. In the fourteenth year he was sent with Assistant Commander-in-Chief Weng Ai and others to take Hanzhong. Fuchen destroyed the Pian Bridge at Feng County to cut supply lines and broke the plank roads, isolating Hanzhong from outside support. An edict ordered Kun to relieve Hanzhong. He reached Baoji but could not push forward because the route was blocked. He was removed as general and continued in the field as Inner Minister. After Qinzhou was retaken the court planned to recover Hanzhong and posted Kun at Tongguan.

十八年，上念坤已老，召還。追論漢中逗留狀，當奪官、削巴圖魯號。上曰：「巴圖魯號太宗所賜，其勿削！但奪官。」仍留一等阿達哈哈番世職。二十四年，授散秩大臣，並諭年衰不能朝，聽家居。二十六年，卒。

In the eighteenth year, considering Kun's age, the emperor recalled him. A retroactive review of his delay at Hanzhong held that he should lose his rank and forfeit the baturu title. The emperor said, "The baturu title came from the Taizong; leave it! Strip only his office." He kept his hereditary first-class commandant's rank. In the twenty-fourth year he became a minister without portfolio; noting his age and inability to attend court, the emperor allowed him to remain at home. He died in the twenty-sixth year.

鄂泰，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲正白旗人，世居蘇完。國初來歸，以軍功累進二等阿達哈哈番。順治間，授盛京禮部理事官，坐事黜，並奪世職，旋復起。康熙初，洊擢盛京副都統。王輔臣叛，大將軍貝勒洞鄂西討，命鄂泰率盛京兵千來京備徵發。十四年，授建威將軍，率所部兵駐太原。尋命赴西安參贊洞鄂軍務，以建威將軍印授副都統吳丹。鄂泰與副都統阿爾瑚屯寶雞，賊出棧道攻九龍山，鄂泰督兵縱擊，盡殪之。輔臣所署置總兵任德望率兵及倮倮七千餘屯益門鎮，鄂泰分兵九路進擊，自巳至未，破七壘。德望以百騎遁，驍騎校韓楚漢射中其股，乃降。十五年，复捕餘賊紅崖堡。十八年，卒，追授拜他喇布勒哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。

Etai of the Guwalgiya clan belonged to the Plain White Banner; his family had been established at Suwan for generations. He submitted when the dynasty was founded and rose through battle honors to second-class commandant. Under Shunzhi he became an administrative officer in the Mukden Board of Rites, was dismissed for misconduct and lost his hereditary rank, but was soon brought back into service. Early in Kangxi he was promoted to Mukden deputy commander-in-chief. When Wang Fuchen rebelled, Grand General Prince Beile Tonge marched west against him, and Etai was told to bring a thousand Mukden troops to the capital for deployment. In the fourteenth year he was made General Who Establishes Might and posted his men at Taiyuan. He was soon sent to Xi'an to assist Tonge and surrendered the General Who Establishes Might seal to Assistant Commander-in-Chief Wu Dan. Etai and Assistant Commander-in-Chief A'erhu held Baoji. When rebels came down the plank road against Jiulong Mountain, Etai led a counterattack and wiped them out. Fuchen's appointee Ren Dewang held Yimen Town with his own troops and some seven thousand Luo auxiliaries. Etai attacked on nine fronts from midmorning until dusk and overran seven camps. Dewang fled with a hundred riders, but Bold Cavalry Captain Han Chuhan shot him in the thigh and brought about his surrender. In the fifteenth year he mopped up remaining rebels at Hongya Fort. He died in the eighteenth year and was posthumously made deputy company commander and hereditary captain.

吳丹，納喇氏，滿洲正黃旗人，葉赫金台石曾孫也。康熙初，以一等侍衛同學士郭廷祚視淮安河決。十三年，大將軍順承郡王勒爾錦討吳三桂，吳丹奉使軍中，宣諭機宜。王輔臣叛，命署副都統，從鄂泰駐太原。旋復命署建威將軍，移師潼關。十五年，從大將軍圖海徵平涼，擊賊虎山墩，輔臣乞降，吳丹率數騎入城，安撫降人。

Wu Dan of the Nara clan belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner and was a great-grandson of Yehe's Jintaiji. Early in Kangxi he served as first-class bodyguard alongside Academician Guo Tingzuo to inspect the Huai'an flood breach. In the thirteenth year Grand General Prince of Jingcheng Le'erjin marched against Wu Sangui, and Wu Dan was dispatched to the front to announce the emperor's strategy. When Wang Fuchen rebelled he was appointed acting assistant commander-in-chief and served under Etai at Taiyuan. He was soon named acting General Who Establishes Might and moved his forces to Tongguan. In the fifteenth year he joined Grand General Tu Hai against Pingliang, stormed the rebel redoubt at Hushan Dun, and when Fuchen sued for peace entered the city with a handful of riders to pacify the surrendered.

十七年，授護軍統領。時漢中、興安尚為三桂兵所據，上趣圖海進軍，以吳丹參贊軍務，戰於牛頭山、香泉，屢破賊。圖海入覲，命仍佩建威將軍印，暫統大兵。旋從圖海徇鎮安，偕將軍佛尼埒戰於火神崖，破賊，渡乾玉河，克梁河關，遂復興安。上命圖海還駐鳳翔，分兵畀吳丹，與將軍王進寶下四川，為後繼。十九年，與進寶擊賊蟠龍、錦屏諸山，大破之，遂復保寧，獲三桂將吳之茂等。時將軍趙良棟亦復成都，吳丹與佛尼埒分兵取順慶、重慶，並下達州、東鄉、太平諸州縣。詔取瀘州，趨雲南。吳丹復從佛尼埒戰於豹子山，破瀘州賊。會永寧復為賊得，仁懷亦不守，良棟劾吳丹不急赴援，解將軍印還漢中。事定，還京，王大臣等議罪，奪職。尋授三等侍衛兼佐領。

In the seventeenth year he became commander of the Guard. Hanzhong and Xing'an were still in rebel hands; as the emperor pressed Tu Hai forward, Wu Dan assisted in the campaign and won repeated victories at Niutou Mountain and Xiangquan. When Tu Hai went to court he was told to keep the General Who Establishes Might seal and hold interim command of the main force. He then followed Tu Hai into Zhen'an, fought alongside General Fonilie at Huoshen Cliff, crossed the Ganyu River, captured Lianghe Pass, and recovered Xing'an. The emperor recalled Tu Hai to Fengxiang, detached a contingent for Wu Dan, and sent him into Sichuan with General Wang Jinbao as the follow-up force. In the nineteenth year he and Jinbao smashed the rebels on Panlong, Jinping, and neighboring heights, retook Baoning, and captured Wu Sangui's commanders Wu Zhimao and others. While General Zhao Liangdong retook Chengdu, Wu Dan and Fonilie split their forces to seize Shunqing and Chongqing and bring Dazhou, Dongxiang, Taiping, and other districts under control. An edict called for taking Luzhou and pressing on toward Yunnan. Wu Dan again fought under Fonilie at Baozi Mountain and routed the Luzhou rebels. When Yongning fell again and Renhuai could not be held, Liangdong accused Wu Dan of failing to hurry to the rescue; he surrendered his general's seal and withdrew to Hanzhong. After the campaign he returned to the capital, where the princes and ministers judged his faults and removed him from office. He was soon made a third-class imperial guard and assistant commandant.

二十九年，喀爾喀台吉額爾克阿海等為亂，噶爾丹亦犯邊，命從大將軍裕親王討之，戰於烏闌布通，噶爾丹敗走。裕親王命吳丹與參領色爾濟、博爾和岱詗噶爾丹所在，知遠去已數日，乃還。途值喀爾喀叛者，並遇害，贈散秩大臣，予拖沙喇哈番世職。

In the twenty-ninth year, when the Khalkha taiji Erke Ahai and others rose in revolt and Galdan also raided the border, Wu Dan was ordered to serve under Grand General Prince Yu against them; at Ulan Butong Galdan was routed and fled. Prince Yu sent Wu Dan with company commanders Serji and Borhodei to reconnoiter Galdan's whereabouts; finding that he had been gone for days, they turned back. On the return march they met Khalkha rebels and were killed; Wu Dan was posthumously honored as minister without portfolio and his heirs received a captaincy.

畢力克圖，博爾濟吉特氏，蒙古正藍旗人，世居科爾沁。太宗時，來歸，授豫親王護衛。從伐朝鮮及明錦州，並有功。順治初，從討李自成，定西安，移師拔揚州，下江寧，以戰績著，署護軍統領，予牛錄章京世職，擢正藍旗蒙古副都統。六年，詔駐防平陽，賊犯絳州，擊卻之。李建泰叛據太平，復與協領根特等攻之，久弗下，乃穴地燃火藥隳城，擒建泰誅之。累進一等阿達哈哈番。授禮部侍郎，調戶部。

Biliketu, of the Borjigit clan, belonged to the Plain Blue Banner Mongols and his family had long been settled in Khorchin. During the Taizong reign he submitted to the dynasty and was made a guard to Prince of Yu. He served in campaigns against Korea and against Ming at Jinzhou and won merit in both. In early Shunzhi he marched against Li Zicheng, helped secure Xi'an, then turned south to take Yangzhou and Jiangning; distinguished in battle, he was named acting commander of the Guards, granted a hereditary company commandership, and raised to Mongol deputy lieutenant-general of the Plain Blue Banner. In the sixth year he was ordered to garrison Pingyang; when rebels struck Jiangzhou he drove them back. When Li Jiantai rebelled and seized Taiping, Biliketu again joined assistant commandant Gente and others in the assault; after a long stalemate they dug a mine, blasted the walls with gunpowder, captured Jiantai, and put him to death. He rose in stages to first-class commandant. He was made vice minister of Rites and then transferred to the Ministry of Revenue.

十一年，從靖南將軍珠瑪喇下廣東，明將李定國犯新會，屯縣左山峪。畢力克圖再戰敗之，追至興業，斬殺過半，趨橫州，定國渡江遁。進三等阿思哈尼哈番。坐事罷官，降二等阿達哈哈番。

In the eleventh year he marched with Pacification General of the South Zhumala into Guangdong; when the Ming general Li Dingguo struck Xinhui, the rebels encamped at Zuoshanyu in the county. Biliketu defeated him again, pursued to Xingye and killed more than half his force, then pressed on toward Hengzhou until Dingguo fled across the river. He was promoted to third-class commandant-in-chief. Censured for misconduct, he was removed from office and demoted to second-class commandant.

十七年，命署護軍統領。從定西將軍愛星阿出師雲南。時明桂王入緬甸，定國與白文選分據孟艮、木邦。十八年，會師木邦，定國走景線，文選走錫箔江，毀橋趨茶山。畢力克圖至，獲諜者，結筏以濟，次舊晚坡，去緬城六十里。緬人謀獻桂王，請大軍留駐，以百人進蘭鳩江備捍衛，於是白爾赫圖率前鋒以往，畢力克圖以護軍二百人從之。緬酋蟒猛以桂王出畀我軍，遂班師還。文選至猛養，為總兵馬寧追及，率眾降。畢力克圖撫其眾，徙之邊境。論功，進一等阿達哈哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。

In the seventeenth year he was appointed acting commander of the Guards. He served under Pacification General of the West Aisingga on the Yunnan campaign. The Ming Prince of Gui had already entered Burma; Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan held Menggen and Mubang respectively. In the eighteenth year the armies converged at Mubang; Dingguo fled to Jingxian and Wenxuan fled toward the Xibo River, burning the bridge as he withdrew into the Chashan hills. Biliketu arrived, took a spy, rafted across the river, and encamped at Jiuwanpo, sixty li from the Burmese capital. The Burmese meant to surrender the Prince of Gui and asked the main army to hold in place while a hundred men moved up to Lanjiu River as escort; Bai Erhetu took the vanguard forward, and Biliketu followed with two hundred guardsmen. The Burmese chief Mang Meng delivered the Prince of Gui to the Qing forces, and the army marched home. When Wenxuan reached Mengyang, regional commander Ma Ning ran him down and he surrendered with his men. Biliketu settled his troops and resettled them on the frontier. For his service he was promoted to first-class commandant with an additional captaincy.

康熙八年，擢正藍旗蒙古都統，列議政大臣。十二年，加太子少師。十四年，王輔臣叛，授畢力克圖平逆將軍，帥師駐大同。尋延安、綏德皆陷，命進駐榆林。诇知賊屯楊家店渡口，遂分兵三隊，乘夜疾進。黎明，鳴角濟河。賊不虞我師至也，皆駭走，遂復吳堡。進次虎爾崖口，遇賊，又擊敗之。下綏德，乘勝克延安，並招撫附近諸州縣。上命移師會揚威將軍阿密達攻平涼。將至，輔臣擁眾迎戰，與貝勒洞鄂等擊之，陣斬其將郝天祥。十五年，大學士圖海蒞師，命畢力克圖屯寧夏。輔臣降，還駐平涼。

In the eighth year of Kangxi he was made Mongol lieutenant-general of the Plain Blue Banner and given a seat among the grand councilors. In the twelfth year he received the addendum title Junior Preceptor of the Crown Prince. In the fourteenth year, when Wang Fuchen rebelled, Biliketu was named Ping-rebel General and posted with an army at Datong. Soon Yan'an and Suide fell, and he was ordered forward to Yulin. Learning that the rebels held the Yangjiadian ford, he split his force into three columns and pressed forward by night. At daybreak horns sounded and his troops crossed the river. Caught off guard, the rebels broke and ran, and Wubao was retaken. Pushing on to Hu'eryakou he met the rebels again and routed them. He took Suide, followed up to capture Yan'an, and brought the surrounding prefectures and counties back under control. The emperor ordered him to move up and join Awesome Pacification General Amitai's assault on Pingliang. As they approached, Fuchen came out with a large force; Biliketu joined Beile Tonge and the others in the fight and cut down the rebel general Hao Tianxiang on the field. In the fifteenth year Grand Secretary Tu Hai took field command and posted Biliketu at Ningxia. After Fuchen surrendered he withdrew to garrison Pingliang.

十七年，移師守隴州、寶雞。圖海議取漢中，與鄂克濟哈等分道入，以次降靈臺、華亭、崇信諸縣。其冬，克成縣。十九年，徵還，仍任都統。二十年，卒，年七十有三，諡恪僖。孫常遠，襲職。二十五年，追錄陝西軍功，進二等阿思哈尼哈番。

In the seventeenth year he moved his troops to guard Longzhou and Baoji. Tu Hai proposed the recapture of Hanzhong; Biliketu entered by a separate route with Ekjiha and the others, reducing Lingtai, Huating, Chongxin, and the other counties in turn. That winter Chengxian fell. In the nineteenth year he was recalled and resumed his post as lieutenant-general. He died in the twentieth year at seventy-three and was given the posthumous title Keji. His grandson Changyuan succeeded to the hereditary post. In the twenty-fifth year his Shaanxi campaign honors were recorded posthumously and he was raised to second-class commandant-in-chief.

噶爾漢，納喇氏，滿洲正紅旗人，尚書噶達渾子也。噶爾漢襲一等阿達哈哈番，授王府長史。康熙初，遷正紅旗滿洲副都統。

Garhan, of the Nara clan, belonged to the Plain Red Banner and was the son of Minister Gadahun. Garhan succeeded to a first-class commandancy and was named secretary of the princely mansion. Early in Kangxi he was made Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Plain Red Banner.

十四年，授鎮安將軍，駐守河南。時寇勢甚熾，總兵楊來嘉叛，命移師襄陽。十五年，戰南漳，破靈機寨。叛將譚弘等犯鄖陽，遣黨扼城東陡嶺，斷我輓運道。復與提督佟國瑤會師，分路進擊，賊退。十八年，謝泗、劉魁等掠竹山、竹谿諸縣，偪鄖城，與興安賊為聲援，噶爾漢往討之。時方溽暑，鄖西數百里，山迳★C7隘，草木叢塞，霪雨洪注，師阻水，弗能進。噶爾漢期以木落水涸時進師，上責其逗留，削前功。二十年，薄鄖城，時弘已死，其子天秘毀壘遁，遂克之。以次下萬、開、建始、梁山諸縣及忠州。二十二年，授荊州將軍。部議當楊來嘉攻房縣不能救，當奪職，上命降級留任。

In the fourteenth year he was named General Who Pacifies An and posted to Henan. Bandit power was then at its height; regional commander Yang Laijia rose in rebellion, and Garhan was ordered to move his forces to Xiangyang. In the fifteenth year he fought at Nanzhang and took Lingji Stockade. Rebel general Tan Hong and others struck at Yunyang, posted men on Steep Ridge east of the city, and severed our supply lines. He joined provincial commander-in-chief Tong Guoyao, and their columns advanced by separate routes until the bandits fell back. In the eighteenth year Xie Si, Liu Kui, and others raided Zhushan, Zhuxi, and neighboring counties, closed on Yuncheng, and acted in concert with the rebels at Xing'an; Garhan marched out against them. It was the height of summer; for hundreds of li west of Yunyang the mountain tracks were narrow and overgrown, torrential rains had swollen every stream, and the army could not get forward. Garhan planned to advance only after the autumn leaf-fall and the drying of the streams; the emperor rebuked him for delay and cancelled his earlier honors. In the twentieth year he closed on Yuncheng; Tan Hong was already dead, and his son Tianmi demolished the defenses and fled, so the city fell. He then took Wan, Kai, Jianshi, Liangshan, and the other counties in turn, along with Zhongzhou. In the twenty-second year he was named Jingzhou general. The ministry held that he deserved dismissal for failing to relieve Fang County when Yang Laijia attacked it, but the emperor demoted him while keeping him in office.

二十六年，湖廣裁兵，夏逢龍倡亂。噶爾漢師次安陸，遣協領穆禮瑪等攻之，多所斬馘。進次應城，賊還竄武昌，會糧絕，戰艦不足用，疏言狀，召還，授正紅旗蒙古都統。比至都，論退縮玩寇罪，免官。後卒於家。

In the twenty-sixth year Huguang underwent troop reductions, and Xia Fenglong led a revolt. Garhan's army encamped at Anlu and sent assistant commandant Mulima and others against the rebels, who suffered heavy losses. He pushed on to Yingcheng as the bandits fell back toward Wuchang, but supplies gave out and his warships were inadequate; after memorializing the situation he was recalled and made Mongol commander-in-chief of the Plain Red Banner. On reaching the capital he was convicted of retreating and failing to press the rebels and was stripped of office. He later died at home.

阿密達，他塔喇氏，滿洲正白旗人。順治間，授三等侍衛，洊擢正白旗滿洲副都統。康熙初，擢領侍衛內大臣、議政大臣。

Amitai, of the Tatara clan, belonged to the Plain White Banner. Under Shunzhi he entered service as a third-class imperial guard and rose in stages to Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Plain White Banner. Early in Kangxi he was raised to senior imperial bodyguard and privy councillor.

十三年，吳三桂反，襄陽總兵楊來嘉以穀城叛應之。河北總兵蔡祿初與來嘉並為鄭成功將，先後來降。來嘉招同叛，祿具槍械，購騾馬，密令所部為備。聖祖聞狀，命阿密達率兵赴懷慶察視，祿不出迎，謀拒戰。阿密達疾馳入其廨，得祿及其孥，悉誅之。耿精忠亦叛，授阿密達揚威將軍，率滿洲兵千人駐江寧，命習水戰。尋授簡親王喇布揚威大將軍，阿密達歸將軍印，參贊軍務。

In the thirteenth year Wu Sangui rose in rebellion, and Xiangyang regional commander Yang Laijia mutinied at Gucheng to join him. Hebei regional commander Cai Lu had once served Zheng Chenggong together with Laijia and had surrendered in turn. Laijia urged him to join the rebellion; Lu stockpiled firearms, bought pack mules, and secretly put his command on alert. When the emperor learned what was afoot, he sent Amitai with troops to Huaiqing to investigate; Cai Lu refused to come out and prepared to resist. Amitai rode straight into Cai Lu's headquarters, seized him and his family, and put them all to death. When Geng Jingzhong also rebelled, Amitai was named General Who Displays Might, took a thousand Manchu troops to garrison Jiangning, and was ordered to drill in naval warfare. Soon afterward Prince Jian Labu was made Grand General Who Displays Might; Amitai surrendered the general's seal and served on his staff.

王輔臣叛，十四年，命阿密達仍佩揚威將軍印，率兵赴蘭州，佐以副都統鄂克濟哈、覺羅誇岱。時輔臣據平涼，蘭州諸路皆陷賊，大將軍貝勒洞鄂令阿密達徑攻平涼。五月，克寧州，薄平涼，戰失利，退駐涇州。洞鄂兵至，命參贊軍務，與總兵孫思克會師進攻，久不下。十五年，大學士圖海代為大將軍，阿密達參贊如故。既，奪虎山墩，俯攻城，輔臣乃降。

When Wang Fuchen rebelled, Amitai was again given the seal of General Who Displays Might in the fourteenth year and sent to Lanzhou with deputy lieutenant-generals Ekejeha and the Aisin Gioro Kuodai to assist him. Fuchen then held Pingliang while the routes around Lanzhou had fallen to the rebels; Grand General Beile Tonge ordered Amitai to strike Pingliang head-on. In the fifth month he captured Ningzhou and closed on Pingliang, but after a defeat he fell back to Jing Prefecture. When Tonge's forces arrived, Amitai was placed on the staff and joined regional commander Sun Sike in a combined assault, yet the city held out for a long time. In the fifteenth year Grand Secretary Tu Hai succeeded him as grand general, and Amitai remained on the staff as before. They then took Tiger Mountain Redoubt and pressed the assault from the heights, and Fuchen submitted.

十七年，命赴湖南，從大將軍安親王岳樂討吳世璠。十八年，克武岡。諭阿密達與安親王計議，量撤滿洲兵，護還京師。十九年，授正白旗蒙古都統。部議平涼戰敗當奪職，上寬之，命降五級留任。尋复授領侍衛內大臣。

In the seventeenth year he was sent to Hunan to serve under Grand General Prince An Yuele against Wu Shifan. In the eighteenth year Wugang fell to his forces. The emperor directed Amitai and Prince An to consult on withdrawing Manchu troops as circumstances allowed and escorting them back to the capital. In the nineteenth year he was made Mongol commander-in-chief of the Plain White Banner. The ministry held that he deserved dismissal for the defeat at Pingliang, but the emperor was lenient and demoted him five ranks while keeping him in office. He was soon restored as senior imperial bodyguard.

噶爾丹為亂，命诇賊狀。二十九年，命參贊大將軍裕親王福全軍務，出塞討噶爾丹，戰於烏闌布通，勝敵。師還，部議不能乘勝滅賊，福全以下皆有罪，當奪職。上以師有功，宥之。三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，阿密達請從征。上次克魯倫河，以阿密達暫充將軍，率留後滿洲兵及綠旗步兵赴克勒和碩，並命兼轄留屯各軍。尋撤還京師。四十八年，卒。

When Galdan stirred up trouble, he was sent to reconnoiter the enemy's movements. In the twenty-ninth year he joined Grand General Prince Yu Fuquan's staff, marched beyond the frontier against Galdan, and routed the enemy at Ulan Butong. After the army returned, the ministry ruled that they had failed to follow up their victory and destroy the enemy; Fuquan and his subordinates were all found guilty and liable to dismissal. The emperor, holding that the army had nonetheless won distinction, pardoned them. When the emperor marched in person against Galdan in the thirty-fifth year, Amitai asked to accompany the expedition. On the emperor's next crossing of the Kerulen River, Amitai was temporarily made general, took the rear-guard Manchu troops and Green Standard infantry to Keleheshuo, and was given overall command of the troops left in garrison. He was soon recalled to the capital. He died in the forty-eighth year.

鄂克濟哈，納喇氏，滿洲正黃旗人。初任侍衛，署副都統兼佐領。康熙十三年，三桂反，陝西、湖廣並警。上命偕副統色格駐河南府。輔臣亂起，從阿密達赴西安剿禦。尋赴蘭州參贊阿密達軍務，克涇州、寧州，詔嘉之。十八年，從圖海攻禮縣驛門，大破之。复塔什堡，進克興安。圖海以漢中要地，令鄂克濟哈領振武將軍，與副都統哈塔將千人守之。

Ekejeha, of the Nara clan, belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner. He began as an imperial guard and later served as acting deputy lieutenant-general and company commander. In the thirteenth year of Kangxi, Wu Sangui rebelled and alarm spread through Shaanxi and Huguang. The emperor ordered him and deputy lieutenant-general Sege to garrison Henan prefecture together. When Fuchen rebelled, he marched with Amida to Xi'an to put down the uprising. He was soon sent to Lanzhou on Amida's staff, captured Jingzhou and Ningzhou, and received an edict of commendation. In the eighteenth year he followed Tu Hai against the Yimen pass at Li County and routed the enemy. He retook Tashibao and pressed on to capture Xing'an. Tu Hai judged Hanzhong a key strongpoint and made Ekjiha General Who Shakes Martial prowess, posting Deputy Lieutenant-General Hata and a thousand troops to hold it.

十九年，提督趙良棟等徇四川，與將軍吳丹為後勁。瀘州陷，率師攻克之，又敗之託川雅。未幾，賊犯仁懷，吳丹擁兵不救，永寧复陷。命還漢中，而使鄂克濟哈領其眾。鄂克濟哈疏言建昌、永寧相去千餘裡，未能兼顧，乃命佛尼埒專領永寧一路，而授鄂克濟哈宣威將軍，駐軍成都，專領建昌一路。二十年，建昌軍棄城走，自劾，解將軍印，以都統覺羅吉哈里代，還守漢中。尋入為二等侍衛。三十年，遷正黃旗副都統。三十三年，授護軍統領。從征噶爾丹，事平，駐守寧夏。三十八年，卒。

In the nineteenth year, when Provincial Military Commissioner Zhao Liangdong advanced into Sichuan, Ekjiha served with General Wu Dan on the rear echelon. After Luzhou fell he led troops to retake it, then beat the rebels again at Tuochuan and Ya. Soon the rebels struck Renhuai; Wu Dan kept his force idle and failed to relieve the city, and Yongning fell once more. Wu Dan was recalled to Hanzhong and his army was turned over to Ekjiha. Ekjiha pointed out that Jianchang and Yongning lay more than a thousand li apart and were impossible to hold at once. Fonilie was put in charge of the Yongning line, Ekjiha was named General Who Proclaims Might with headquarters at Chengdu, and each took sole responsibility for one route. In the twentieth year his Jianchang garrison broke and fled the city. He submitted a self-accusation and surrendered the general's seal; Jueluo Jihari replaced him, and he went back to hold Hanzhong. He was soon recalled to court as a second-class imperial guard. In the thirtieth year he became Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Plain Yellow Banner. In the thirty-third year he was made commandant of the guards. He marched against Galdan, and after peace was restored he was posted at Ningxia. He died in the thirty-eighth year.

覺羅吉哈里，滿洲正白旗人，武功郡王禮敦第三世孫。順治初，授牛錄額真，襲父拜他喇布勒哈番世職。遇恩詔，晉二等阿達哈哈番。累遷護軍參領、鑲黃旗滿洲副都統。康熙十二年，吳三桂反，京師奸民楊啟隆為亂，都統圖海、祖承烈及吉哈里討平之。佐領鄂克遜擒其黨黃吉、陳益，吉哈里亦獲焦三、硃尚賢、張大、李柱、陳繼志、史國賓、王鎮邦等送法司，廉得實，論棄市。語互詳鄂克遜傳。十六年，命與副都統席布率師赴四川會鎮安將軍噶爾漢討賊，即軍前擢鑲黃旗蒙古都統。三桂孫吳世璠尚據有雲南、貴州，其將胡國柱、夏國相、馬寶等分犯瀘州、敘州、建昌。二十年，建昌陷，上解鄂克濟哈宣威將軍任，詔吉哈里代之，統所部兵會提督趙良棟復建昌。良棟自雅州入，吉哈里為後，鏖戰大渡河，奪寇舟以濟。是時師下雲南，已合圍，國柱等亟引眾還，吉哈里遂復建昌。將趨雲南，行至武家，疾作，卒於軍，卹如例。

Jueluo Jihari, a Plain White Banner Manchu, was a third-generation descendant of Prince of Wugong Lidun. Early in Shunzhi he was appointed company commander and inherited his father's hereditary rank of deputy company commander. An imperial grace edict raised his hereditary rank to second-class commandant. He rose in turn to vanguard commandant and Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Bordered Yellow Banner. In the twelfth year of Kangxi, when Wu Sangui rebelled, the Beijing agitator Yang Qilong launched a disturbance; Lieutenant-generals Tu Hai and Zu Chengli, with Jihari, put it down. Company commander Ekexun seized the ringleaders Huang Ji and Chen Yi; Jihari also took Jiao San, Zhu Shangxian, Zhang Da, Li Zhu, Chen Jizhi, Shi Guobin, Wang Zhenbang, and the rest, handed them to the judiciary, and after inquiry confirmed their guilt they were executed at the public market. For the full account see Ekexun's biography. In the sixteenth year he and Deputy Lieutenant-General Xibu were sent into Sichuan to join Pacification General of Zhen'an Galerhan against the rebels, and on the march he was raised to Mongol deputy lieutenant-general of the Bordered Yellow Banner. Wu Sangui's grandson Wu Shifan still held Yunnan and Guizhou, while his generals Hu Guozhu, Xia Guoxiang, Ma Bao, and others struck Luzhou, Xuzhou, and Jianchang on separate axes. When Jianchang fell in the twentieth year, the emperor relieved Ekjiha of the General Who Proclaims Might command and named Jihari in his place to lead the same force with Provincial Military Commissioner Zhao Liangdong in retaking the city. Zhao Liangdong entered from Yazhou with Jihari on the rear echelon; after a hard fight at the Dadu River they seized rebel boats and forced a crossing. By then the columns pressing into Yunnan had closed the ring; Hu Guozhu and his fellows raced back with their armies, and Jihari retook Jianchang. He was starting toward Yunnan when, at Wujia, illness seized him and he died in camp; the court granted the customary posthumous honors.

拉哈達，鈕祜祿氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，車爾格第五子。順治間，以侍衛襲其兄法固達三等阿達哈哈番世職，恩詔累進一等。授兵部督捕侍郎，擢工部尚書、議政大臣。康熙八年，授鑲黃旗滿洲都統。

Lahada, of the Niohuru clan, was a Bordered Yellow Banner Manchu and the fifth son of Cergen. Under Shunzhi he inherited from his elder brother Faguda, as an imperial guard, a third-class hereditary commandantship, and successive grace edicts raised it to the first class. He was made vice minister of War in charge of apprehending bandits, then minister of Works and councilor of state. In the eighth year of Kangxi he became Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Bordered Yellow Banner.

十三年，吳三桂叛，授鎮東將軍，駐防兗州，甫至，而耿精忠叛，犯浙江。詔往署杭州將軍，與平南將軍賚塔、總督李之芳共籌防禦。賊窺金華，遣副都統沃申、副將陳世凱等擊卻之；复犯台州，寧波、紹興皆騷動。上命康親王杰書為大將軍，貝子傅喇塔為寧海將軍，統師援浙，拉哈達以都統參贊軍務。十四年，擊處州賊，連下松陽、宣平。十五年，從康親王徇福建。精忠降，即導我師攻鄭錦。

In the thirteenth year, when Wu Sangui rebelled, he was named General Who Pacifies the East and posted at Yanzhou. He had hardly arrived when Geng Jingzhong rose as well and struck Zhejiang. The court ordered him to Hangzhou as acting general to map the defenses with Pacification General of the South Laita and Governor Li Zhifang. When the rebels tested Jinhua he sent Deputy Lieutenant-General Woshen, Vice General Chen Shikai, and others to beat them back; Then they struck Taizhou, and Ningbo and Shaoxing were both thrown into alarm. The emperor named Prince Kang Jieshu grand general and Prince Fulata Pacification General of Ninghai to reinforce Zhejiang; Lahada served as a lieutenant-general on the staff. In the fourteenth year he struck the rebels at Chuzhou and took Songyang and Xuanping in succession. In the fifteenth year he followed Prince Kang on the Fujian campaign. Once Jingzhong submitted, he showed the imperial armies the way against Zheng Jing.

時漳州、泉州、興化三府為錦所據，遣其將許耀以三萬人偪福州，拉哈達率師擊之，破其壘十四。其冬，傅喇塔卒於軍，授拉哈達寧海將軍。十六年，與賚塔合軍攻興化，克之，其將郭維籓以仙遊降。耀奔泉州，复據以堅守。拉哈達率銳師宵加之，漏未盡，梯入，斬耀及諸偽官，入城撫定軍民。是時錦連敗，還廈門，泉州、漳州二府及海澄等十縣皆复，降將四百、兵四千有奇。移師略潮州，叛將劉進忠亦降，乃還守福州。

Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, and Xinghua were then all in Zheng Jing's hands; he dispatched Xu Yao with thirty thousand men against Fuzhou. Lahada met him in the field and smashed fourteen of his camps. When Fulata died in camp that winter, Lahada was named Pacification General of Ninghai. In the sixteenth year he joined Laita in assaulting Xinghua and took the city; Guo Weifan handed over Xianyou in surrender. Xu Yao fled to Quanzhou, seized it again, and dug in for a hard defense. Lahada stormed the city by night with crack troops, escalading before dawn, cut down Xu Yao and the puppet officials, and entered to calm soldiers and civilians alike. By then Zheng Jing, beaten again and again, had withdrawn to Xiamen; Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, and ten counties including Haicheng came back under control, along with more than four hundred defecting commanders and four thousand-odd troops. He turned his army toward Chaozhou; the rebel general Liu Jinzhong capitulated as well, and he then went back to hold Fuzhou.

十七年，錦將劉國軒陷海澄，复犯泉州，斷萬安、江東二橋，扼長泰、同安諸隘，南北援絕，泉州幾不守。拉哈達駐漳州，詔責其不亟援海澄，趣戴罪赴泉州難。拉哈達議自長泰入，會江漲，軍阻水。侍讀學士李光地方居憂在籍，乃遣使導師出間道，自南靖道漳平趨安溪，遂薄泉州，圍乃解。國軒築壘濱海東石地，當金門、廈門道。十八年，拉哈達遣沃申攻克之。十九年，與巡撫吳興祚自同安至潯尾，分兵渡海，拉哈達居中，興祚自左，總兵王英自右，並趨廈門。賚塔與總督姚啟聖，提督萬正色、楊捷，總兵黃大來師來會，三面合擊，賊不能支，遂克廈門。復進攻金門，其將吳國俊等迎降，錦與國軒走歸台灣。詔召康親王還京，命拉哈達與副都統馬思文守福州。

In the seventeenth year Liu Guoxuan, a general of Zheng Jing, seized Haicheng and struck Quanzhou again, wrecking the Wan'an and Jiangdong bridges and sealing the passes at Changtai and Tong'an so that north and south could not reinforce each other; Quanzhou came close to falling. Lahada was posted at Zhangzhou; the emperor rebuked him for failing to rescue Haicheng in time and bade him redeem himself by racing to Quanzhou's aid. Lahada intended to advance from Changtai, but the rivers swelled and his army was stopped by the floodwaters. Li Guangdi, a Reader-in-Waiting, was mourning at home in his native district; he sent guides to lead the army by a back trail from Nanjing county through Zhangping toward Anxi, closing on Quanzhou from an unexpected quarter until the siege was raised. Guoxuan threw up fortifications at coastal Dongshi, squatting across the approaches to Kinmen and Xiamen. In the eighteenth year Lahada sent Woshen to storm and take the position. In the nineteenth year he and Governor Wu Xingzuo marched from Tong'an to Xunwei, split their forces for the crossing—Lahada in the center, Xingzuo on the left, Regional Commander Wang Ying on the right—and converged on Xiamen. Laita joined Governor-General Yao Qisheng, Provincial Military Commissioners Wan Zhengse and Yang Jie, and Regional Commander Huang Dalai; a three-pronged assault broke the rebels' resistance and Xiamen fell. Pressing on to Kinmen, they accepted the surrender of Wu Guojun and other commanders while Zheng Jing and Guoxuan fled back to Taiwan. The court recalled Prince Kang to the capital and left Lahada and Deputy Lieutenant-General Masiven to hold Fuzhou.

二十一年，撤滿洲兵還京，追論失守海澄罪，部議降世職為三等，並罷官，上以拉哈達從康親王平福建有勞，留都統任。二十四年，致仕。四十二年，病卒，卹如製。

In the twenty-first year the Manchu garrison was recalled to the capital and Lahada was called to account for losing Haicheng; the Board recommended demoting his hereditary rank to third class and removing him from office, but the emperor credited his service under Prince Kang in pacifying Fujian and allowed him to remain lieutenant-general. In the twenty-fourth year he retired. He died of illness in the forty-second year; the court granted the customary posthumous honors.

察哈泰，薩克達氏，滿洲鑲紅旗人，世居寧古塔。事太宗，從伐明，屢有功。順治初，逐李自成，討金聲桓，皆在行間，屢擢太僕寺理事官，並授三等阿達哈哈番。复遷太僕寺卿、鑲紅旗滿洲副都統。從伐俄羅斯，將舟師，招降斐雅喀百二十餘戶。坐所部戰艦戰失利，奏不實，罷副都統，奪世職，專管牛錄事。

Cihatai, of the Sakda clan, was a Bordered Red Banner Manchu whose family had long been settled at Ningguta. Under Taizong he joined the campaigns against Ming and won distinction again and again. In early Shunzhi he marched against Li Zicheng and helped suppress Jin Shenghuan, fighting in the front ranks throughout; he rose repeatedly at the Court of the Imperial Stud and was granted a third-class hereditary commandantship. He was then made minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud and Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Bordered Red Banner. On the Russian campaign he led the river force and brought more than one hundred and twenty Feiyaka households over in submission. When his fleet was beaten and his report proved false, he lost his deputy lieutenant-generalship and hereditary rank and was reduced to managing a company alone.

康熙三年，复授鑲紅旗蒙古副都統。以老乞休，上慰留之。尋遷護軍統領，加太子少保。十三年，從拉哈達出駐兗州。上命拉哈達赴杭州，以敕印留付察哈泰，繼為鎮東將軍。十四年，命仍以護軍統領帥所部赴荊州，聽順承郡王勒爾錦調度。十五年，三桂將陶繼智等犯宜昌，率兵駐江陵，通聲援。七月，卒於軍，卹如製。察哈泰調赴荊州，上命以鎮東將軍印授副都統布顏，統蒙古兵留駐兗州。事定，撤還京師。

In the third year of Kangxi he was restored as Mongol deputy lieutenant-general of the Bordered Red Banner. He pleaded age and asked to retire; the emperor reassured him and bade him stay on. He was soon made commander of the Guards and named Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent. In the thirteenth year he marched out with Lahada to garrison Yanzhou. When Lahada was sent to Hangzhou, the emperor left the commission seal with Cihatai, who took over as General Who Pacifies the East. In the fourteenth year he remained commander of the Guards, led his division to Jingzhou, and served under Prince of Shuncheng Le'erjin. In the fifteenth year, when Wu Sangui's generals Tao Jizhi and others struck Yichang, he posted troops at Jiangling to keep lines open and stand ready to reinforce. He died in camp in the seventh month; the court granted the customary posthumous honors. Cihatai's transfer to Jingzhou brought Buyan the seal of General Who Pacifies the East and command of the Mongol garrison left at Yanzhou. Once order was restored, the garrison was recalled to the capital.

根特，納喇氏，滿洲正黃旗人。父達雅里，國初來歸。從伐明，攻深州，先登，克之。軍功，累進一等參將世職。

Gente, of the Nara clan, belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner. His father Dayali submitted when the dynasty was first established. On the Ming campaigns he assaulted Shenzhou, was first over the wall, and took the city. Battle honors raised him in stages to a first-class hereditary vice generalship.

根特早歲從戎，數立功績。從伐明，攻泗水縣、定州，並先登，賜號「巴圖魯」，授三等甲喇章京世職。順治元年，授刑部理事官。五年，金聲桓以南昌叛，從大將軍譚泰討之，薄南昌，攻未下，根特自城南以登，拔之。聲桓中矢死，擒王得仁。師還，擢梅勒額真，進一等阿達哈哈番。

Gente entered service young and piled up honors in the field. On the Ming campaigns he stormed Sishui county and Dingzhou, first over the wall in each, earned the title "Baturu," and received a third-class hereditary company commandership. In the first year of Shunzhi he was made a director of affairs at the Board of Punishments. In the fifth year, when Jin Shenghuan rose at Nanchang, Gente followed Grand General Tan Tai against him; the siege stalled until Gente went up the southern wall and broke the city. Shenghuan took an arrow and died; Wang Deren was taken prisoner. On the army's return he was made banner commandant and raised to first-class commandant.

六年，姜瓖以大同叛，其黨虞允、白漳、張萬全陷蒲州及臨晉、猗氏、河津。從總督孟喬芳濟河擊之，复蒲城，進徵平陽。白漳擁步騎六千至榮河迎戰，奮擊，大破之。迫黃河，賊未及濟，師薄之，賊多赴水死，遂斬白漳，餘奔吉鎮，悉殲焉。移師趨猗氏，瓖黨衛登芳依山結寨，與萬全為犄角，復分兵擊斬萬全，殲其眾。尋生得登芳，復進敗瓖黨郭中傑於聞喜。

In the sixth year Jiang Xiang rebelled at Datong; his followers Yu Yun, Bai Zhang, and Zhang Wanquan overran Pu prefecture and the counties of Linjin, Yishi, and Hejin. He crossed the Yellow River with Governor-General Meng Qiaofang, retook Pucheng, and pushed on toward Pingyang. Bai Zhang brought six thousand foot and horse to meet him at Ronghe; Gente charged hard and broke them. He drove them to the Yellow River before they could ford; many drowned as his troops closed in, Bai Zhang was beheaded, and the survivors who fled to Jizhen were wiped out. Turning toward Yishi, he found Jiang's follower Wei Dengfang entrenched on the hills in concert with Wanquan; he split his force, killed Wanquan, and destroyed that column. Wei Dengfang was soon taken alive; pressing forward, he routed Jiang's partisan Guo Zhongjie at Wenxi.

康熙十三年，吳三桂反，命出駐兗州。尋以江西地要衝，命偕副都統席布徙守南昌。長沙陷，袁州、吉安二府與接壤，巡撫董衛國請發兵駐防，命根特自南昌移師，備戰禦。尋以希爾根為定南將軍，根特參贊軍務。尚可喜疏請兵，上令根特俟希爾根兵至，率所部下廣東。耿精忠反，授根特平寇將軍，令仍返江西。副將柯升以廣信叛應精忠，破都昌，窺南康，復命根特先定廣信，與前鋒統領覺羅舒恕自袁州規長沙。是年八月，卒於軍，卹如製。

When Wu Sangui rebelled in the thirteenth year of Kangxi, he was posted to garrison Yanzhou. Jiangxi's strategic weight soon brought an order for him and Deputy Lieutenant-General Xibu to relocate and hold Nanchang. After Changsha fell, Yuanzhou and Ji'an prefectures lay on the rebel frontier; Governor Dong Weiguo asked for a garrison, and Gente was ordered to shift from Nanchang and stand ready to fight. Hilgen was soon named Pacification General Who Settles the South, with Gente on his staff. When Shang Kexi pleaded for reinforcements, the emperor told Gente to hold until Hilgen arrived, then march his division into Guangdong. Geng Jingzhong's revolt brought Gente the seal of Pacification General Who Subdues Bandits and orders to turn back to Jiangxi. Vice General Ke Sheng rose at Guangxin for Jingzhong, stormed Duchang, and menaced Nankang; the court ordered Gente to secure Guangxin first while Vanguard Commander Aisin Gioro Shuxu advanced from Yuanzhou toward Changsha. That eighth month he died in the field, and the court granted the customary posthumous honors.

禮部尚書哈爾哈齊副定南將軍希爾根駐江西，根特卒，上命以平寇將軍印授之。十一月，命赴江寧，贊大將軍簡親王軍務，鎮江南。十五年五月，命率江寧兵赴廣東，授華善平寇將軍，道江西，命會師攻吉安。螺子山之敗，坐奪官，披甲。

Minister of Rites Harhaqi was deputy to Pacification General Who Settles the South Hilgen in Jiangxi; when Gente died, the emperor gave him the Pacification General Who Quells Rebels seal. In the eleventh month he was sent to Jiangning to serve on Grand General Prince Jian Labu's staff and hold Jiangnan. In the fifth month of the fifteenth year the emperor ordered him to lead Jiangning forces into Guangdong and named him Pacification General Who Quells Rebels; marching through Jiangxi he was told to unite his column with others and strike Ji'an. After the rout at Luozi Mountain he lost his commission for the fault and was reduced to common soldier's service.

華善，漢軍正白旗人。石廷柱第三子，為豫親王多鐸壻，授和碩額駙。三桂反，授安南將軍，守鎮江。尋命贊大將軍簡親王軍務，駐江寧。十五年，改授平寇將軍。十六年，簡親王進軍江西，命華善率所部從，以平寇將軍印留付江寧副都統科爾擴岱。十七年，授定南將軍，命守茶陵。三桂兵攻永興急，上命簡親王進次茶陵，而令華善救永興。華善不敢進，上切責之，解將軍印，令從穆佔自效。事平，論罪，上命寬之。三十四年，卒。子石文炳，襲廷柱三等伯。累遷福州將軍。以華善老，召授正白旗漢軍都統。尋聞喪還京，卒於途。

Huashan belonged to the Plain White Han Army Banner. The third son of Shi Tingzhu, he married Prince of Yu Dodo's daughter and received appointment as prince consort. When Wu Sangui rose in rebellion he was named Pacification General of Annam and posted to guard Zhenjiang. He was soon placed on Grand General Prince Jian Labu's staff and stationed at Jiangning. In the fifteenth year he was given the Pacification General Who Quells Rebels appointment. In the sixteenth year, when Prince Jian Labu marched into Jiangxi, Huashan was told to bring his troops along but leave the Pacification General Who Quells Rebels seal with Jiangning deputy lieutenant-general Ko'erkedai. In the seventeenth year he was made Pacification General Who Settles the South and assigned to hold Chaling. With Wu Sangui's forces hammering Yongxing, the emperor ordered Prince Jian Labu forward to Chaling and told Huashan to save the city. Huashan hung back; the emperor rebuked him sternly, removed his general's seal, and ordered him to serve under Muzhan and win redemption in the field. After peace was restored his case came up for judgment, and the emperor showed mercy. He died in the thirty-fourth year. His son Shi Wenbing succeeded to Shi Tingzhu's third-class earldom. He rose in stages to Fuzhou general. When Huashan grew old he was called back to the capital and made lieutenant-general of the Plain White Han Army Banner. He soon learned of a death in the family and started back for the capital, but died on the way.

席卜臣，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲鑲白旗人，費英東弟郎格之孫也。事太宗，從上徵朝鮮。從睿親王多爾袞伐明，戰於通州，擊敗太監高起潛軍；再從攻錦州，屢戰破敵。順治初，從大軍入關擊李自成，戰於一片石，遂至慶都，敗賊於太原。二年，從英親王阿濟格徇陝西，逐自成至安陸。三年，從肅親王豪格下四川，殲張獻忠。五年，從討叛將薑瓖。敘功，屢遇恩詔，世職至二等拜他喇布勒哈番，官至護軍統領。十二年，與都統卓洛等出駐荊州，破孫可望。十六年，與安南將軍明安達里援江寧，敗鄭成功將楊文英等，斬馘甚多。康熙九年，擢鑲白旗蒙古都統。十二年，加太子少傅。

Xibochen, of the Guwalgiya clan, belonged to the Bordered White Banner and was a grandson of Langge, younger brother of Fei Yingdong. He entered Hong Taiji's service and followed the throne in the expedition against Korea. He marched with Prince Regent Dorgon against Ming, fought at Tongzhou, and routed the eunuch Gao Qiqian's force; he again joined the siege of Jinzhou and won repeated victories in the field. In early Shunzhi he crossed the pass with the main army against Li Zicheng, fought at Yipianshi, pressed on to Qingdu, and routed the rebels at Taiyuan. In the second year he campaigned through Shaanxi under Prince of Ying Ajige and chased Zicheng to Anlu. In the third year he entered Sichuan with Prince Su Haoge and helped destroy Zhang Xianzhong. In the fifth year he took part in suppressing the rebel general Jiang Xiang. When honors were reviewed he was raised again and again under grace edicts to second-class baturu, and he rose to commandant of the guard. In the twelfth year he marched with Lieutenant-general Zhuoluo and others to garrison Jingzhou and broke Sun Kewang. In the sixteenth year he reinforced Jiangning with Pacification General of Annam Mingandali, routed Zheng Chenggong's generals Yang Wenying and others, and took many heads. In the ninth year of Kangxi he was made Mongol lieutenant-general of the Bordered White Banner. In the twelfth year he received the additional title of Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent.

十三年，吳三桂反，上授都統赫葉為安西將軍，與西安將軍瓦爾喀等自漢中下四川。十四年，复授席卜臣鎮西將軍，與副都統巴喀、德業立同駐西安。尋又命大將軍貝勒洞鄂西討，赫葉歸將軍印，參贊軍務。是冬，席卜臣與赫葉會師攻保寧。三桂將王屏籓拒守，師屯蟠龍山，屏籓出戰，潛遣別將自他道絕流渡，撓我師，我師棄營退，席卜臣引還漢中。上命覈諸將罪，赫葉奪職，披甲自效。方軍退，佐領穆舒誓死決戰，將甲上記號付將軍，督兵奮鬥。上聞，超擢正紅旗蒙古副都統，以獎其勇。

In the thirteenth year, when Wu Sangui rebelled, the emperor named Lieutenant-general Heyeh Pacification General of Anxi and sent him into Sichuan from Hanzhong with Xi'an general Warka and others. In the fourteenth year Xibochen was again made Pacification General of the West and stationed at Xi'an with deputy lieutenant-generals Baka and Deyeli. The emperor soon sent Grand General Prince Beile Tonge west on campaign; Heyeh surrendered the general's seal and served as staff officer. That winter Xibochen united with Heyeh and besieged Baoning. Wu Sangui's general Wang Pingfan held the city while our army encamped on Panlong Mountain. Pingfan gave battle, then secretly sent another officer by a side route to ford the river upstream and harry our lines; our forces abandoned camp and fell back, and Xibochen withdrew to Hanzhong. The emperor ordered an accounting of the generals' faults: Heyeh lost his post, donned armor, and was sent to redeem himself in the ranks. As the army was pulling back, company commander Mushu swore to stand and die, gave his armor insignia to the general, and rallied the men for a desperate fight. On hearing of it the emperor jumped him to Mongol deputy lieutenant-general of the Plain Red Banner in reward for his bravery.

席卜臣至漢中，值王輔臣叛，棧道絕，餉不繼，引還西安。旋召還京。事定，王大臣追論蟠龍山戰敗罪，奪官，削世職。上以席卜臣有勞，免其籍沒。尋卒。

Xibochen had barely reached Hanzhong when Wang Fuchen rebelled, the plank roads were severed, and supplies ran out; he withdrew to Xi'an. He was soon called back to the capital. After peace returned, a board of princes and grand ministers reopened the Panlong Mountain defeat; he lost his post and his hereditary title. Because Xibochen had earlier services to his credit, the emperor spared his estate from confiscation. He died not long afterward.

希爾根，覺爾察氏，滿洲正黃旗人，世居長白山。太宗居籓邸時，任護衛。天聰間，以軍功授牛錄章京世職。崇德元年，從伐明，連下昌平、寶坻十餘城，遷巴牙喇甲喇章京。擊敗明太監高起潛兵，擒總兵巢丕昌，又助譚泰設伏，敗三屯營騎兵。師還，敵躡後，諸將護輜重先行，希爾根殿，超授一等甲喇章京世職。二年，從克皮島。將行圍，選扈從，其父雅賴與焉。希爾根向睿親王多爾袞乞免，不許，紿以珠爾堪代之。事覺，坐欺罔，應罷官奪世職，從寬論罰鍰。從師圍錦州，壁山岡，明兵至，擊走之，並擊退松山援兵。复坐擅離軍伍、言事不實，停敘功。七年，師圍薊州，明總兵白騰蛟率師馳救，希爾根擊敗之。

Hilgen, of the Jogiorca clan, belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner; his family were longtime residents of Changbai Mountain. While Hong Taiji still held his princely residence, Hilgen served in his guard. During the Tiancong reign he earned a hereditary company commandership for his battlefield service. In the first year of Chongde he joined the expedition against Ming, captured Changping, Baodi, and more than ten other towns in turn, and was promoted to vanguard deputy commandant. He routed the eunuch Gao Qiqian's force, took regional commander Chao Pichang prisoner, and helped Tan Tai lay an ambush that broke the Santunying cavalry. On the march home the enemy pressed the rear; while other officers shepherded the baggage train forward, Hilgen covered the withdrawal and was promoted out of turn to a hereditary first-class deputy commandant. In the second year he joined the reduction of Pi Island. When the court prepared a battue, Yalai, his father, was chosen for the escort retinue. Hilgen pleaded with Prince Regent Dorgon to spare his father; when refused, he falsely promised that Zhu Erkan would take Yalai's place. Exposure brought a charge of deceit; though dismissal and loss of his hereditary rank were prescribed, he was leniently fined instead. He joined the siege of Jinzhou and held a ridge line; Ming reinforcements were beaten off, including the relief column from Songshan. He was again found guilty of quitting his unit without leave and filing false reports, and his service credits were held in abeyance. In the seventh year, when the army invested Jizhou, Ming regional commander Bai Tengjiao rushed to its relief; Hilgen routed him.

順治二年，從英親王阿濟格討李自成，圍延安，大敗其眾。其將有一隻虎者，稱驍果，數犯我師。希爾根三戰皆克，遂至西安。自成奔湖廣，逐北至安陸，賊據城拒戰，復與鼇拜攻克之，獲戰艦八十艘。引兵武昌，賊又集艦五百浮江將東下，譚泰率眾往取，希爾根先至，獲之，進三等梅勒章京。三年，從肅親王豪格徵張獻忠，與哈寧阿、阿爾津、蘇拜敗之西充。別趨涪州，討賊袁韜，斬虜多。尋坐哈寧阿陷重圍不救，復與阿爾津等爭功，論棄市，詔改罰贖，降三等甲喇章京。

In the second year of Shunzhi he campaigned under Prince of Ying Ajige against Li Zicheng, invested Yan'an, and shattered his army. One of Zicheng's commanders, nicknamed One-Tiger, was famed for fierceness and struck at our columns again and again. Hilgen won three straight fights and pushed through to Xi'an. Zicheng fled into Huguang; Hilgen chased him north to Anlu, where the rebels held the city; with Oboi he took the town and seized eighty war junks. Marching toward Wuchang, he found five hundred rebel vessels preparing to sail downriver; Tan Tai was sent to seize them, Hilgen got there first and captured the fleet, and was raised to third-class banner commandant. In the third year he entered Sichuan with Prince Su Haoge against Zhang Xianzhong and, with Haning'a, Arjin, and Subai, routed him at Xichong. He then swung toward Fu prefecture against the rebel Yuan Tao and killed or captured a great many. He was soon found guilty of leaving Haning'a trapped without relief and of quarreling with Arjin and others over credit; though condemned to execution, an edict commuted the sentence to a fine and demoted him to third-class deputy commandant.

六年，姜瓖叛據大同，希爾根從巽親王滿達海討之，圍太谷，以砲破其城，斬瓖所署置知縣李成沛、都司吳汝器，進克大同。以次復長子縣，渾源、朔二州。永寧州、嵐縣、潞安府並降。又與漢岱攻复遼州。山西平，當進秩，因訴前鐫秩冤，累遇恩詔，進一等阿達哈哈番。九年，擢巴牙喇纛章京，列內大臣。十二年，加太子太保。

In the sixth year Jiang Xiang seized Datong; Hilgen marched with Prince Xun Mandahai against him, bombarded Taigu into submission, beheaded Jiang's appointees Li Chengpei and Wu Ruqi, and pressed on to take Datong. Changzi county and the prefectures of Hunyuan and Shuo fell to him in turn. Yongning prefecture, Lan county, and Lu'an prefecture all submitted. With Handai he next retook Liaozhou. With Shanxi pacified he was due for promotion, but appealed an earlier wrongful demotion; successive amnesties restored him to first-class commandant. In the ninth year he became vanguard banner commander and took a seat among the inner ministers. In the twelfth year he received the additional rank of Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent.

十三年，耿精忠叛，使其將白顯忠寇廣信、建昌、撫州，授希爾根定南將軍，率師援江西，以桑格贊軍事，沃赫、伊巴罕從，次南昌，而三城已陷。是時安親王岳樂駐師省城，檄希爾根先取撫州，賊出拒，連敗之，並率沙納哈擊走援賊，城賊待援不至，棄城走。精忠將陳昇構土賊郭應定等犯贛州，令副都統甘度海御之，大捷。追至龍泉，破三壘，復攻取曹林十餘寨。十四年，擊敗精忠將邵連登，復建昌。移師饒州，擊退餘幹、浮梁、樂平諸縣賊。會岳樂師下湖南，命簡親王喇布赴南昌，以希爾根副之。三桂將高大節出醴陵、萍鄉，陷吉安，冀斷岳樂軍後路。我師屯螺子山，大節勇，常以少騎奔我師。喇布倉皇棄營走，希爾根從之，賊入壘，縱飲飽掠而歸。俄大節死，希爾根督師攻圍，戰又弗勝。逾歲賊遁，詔仍駐南昌。尋以老召還。十八年，卒。

In the thirteenth year Geng Jingzhong rebelled and sent Bai Xianzhong against Guangxin, Jianchang, and Fuzhou; Hilgen was named Pacification General Who Settles the South and marched into Jiangxi with Sange on his staff and Wohe and Yibahan in his train, but by the time he reached Nanchang all three cities were lost. Prince An Yuele held the provincial capital and ordered Hilgen to retake Fuzhou first; the rebels sallied and were beaten again and again, and Hilgen sent Shanahai to scatter their relief force; the garrison, seeing no rescue come, abandoned the city and fled. Jingzhong's officer Chen Sheng stirred up local bandits led by Guo Yingding against Ganzhou; Hilgen sent Deputy Lieutenant-general Ganduhai to meet them and won a crushing victory. He pursued the enemy to Longquan, stormed three camps, and went on to seize more than a dozen stockades around Caolin. In the fourteenth year he routed Jingzhong's general Shao Liandeng and retook Jianchang. Moving on Raozhou, he drove rebel bands out of Yugan, Fuliang, Leping, and the neighboring counties. When Yuele's column pushed into Hunan, Prince Jian Labu was sent to Nanchang with Hilgen as his second. Wu Sangui's general Gao Dajie marched from Liling and Pingxiang, seized Ji'an, and aimed to sever Yuele's line of retreat. Our forces held Luozi Mountain; Dajie was a bold fighter and repeatedly harried our camp with small cavalry raids. Labu panicked, abandoned camp, and fled, and Hilgen followed; the rebels overran the entrenchments, feasted, looted at leisure, and withdrew. Dajie soon died, and Hilgen took command of the siege, but the assaults still failed. More than a year later the rebels gave up and withdrew; the court ordered him to stay on at Nanchang. Age soon brought orders to return to the capital. He died in the eighteenth year.

子喀西泰，任護軍參領。從征四川，攻保寧，死蟠龍山之戰。

His son Kashitai held the post of guard company commander. He followed the Sichuan expedition against Baoning and was killed at Panlong Mountain.

論曰：當三籓亂時，命將四出，以庶姓授大將軍，惟圖海與賚塔二人而已。賚塔自廣西，穆佔自湖南，皆轉戰下雲南，削平巨憝，功最多。穆佔功歸彰泰，故賞不逮；賚塔、莽依圖功與相並，惜中道先卒。佛尼埒等皆夙將，有戰績。其時雜號將軍，或出朝命，或即軍前除拜。有一人遞掌二三印者，有一印迭授二三人者，皆領異軍獨當一路。綜而觀之，當日行師應敵之大概，可以得其要矣。

The historian remarks: when the Three Feudatories rose, commanders were sent out on every front, yet only two men of common birth received the grand general's seal—Tu Hai and Laita. Laita from Guangxi and Muzhan from Hunan each fought their way into Yunnan and brought down the chief rebel; their services stood above all others. Muzhan's victories were reckoned to Zhangtai's account, so his rewards never matched his deeds; Laita's and Mangyitu's records rivaled his own, though both died on campaign before the war was won. Fonilie and his fellows were seasoned commanders with long lists of victories. The various ad hoc generalships of that era were filled either by court appointment or by field promotion on the spot. One man might hold two or three seals in succession; one seal might pass among two or three men—each commanded an independent force on his own axis of advance. Viewed as a whole, these cases reveal the essential pattern of how armies of that day marched, fought, and answered the enemy.

Cite this Chapter