Volume 255 Biographies 42: Zhang Yong, Zhao Liangdong, Wang Jinbao, Sun Sike

列傳四十二

Biographies 42

張勇趙良棟王進寶王萬祥孫思克馬進良

Zhang Yong, Zhao Liangdong, Wang Jinbao, Wang Wanxiang, Sun Sike, and Ma Jinliang

張勇，字非熊，陝西咸寧人。善騎射，仕明為副將。順治二年，英親王阿濟格師次九江，勇來降，檄令招撫，得總兵以下七百餘人。授游擊，隸陝西總督孟喬芳標下。時李自成將賀珍、賀弘器、李明義等分據漢中、興安、固原諸地，窺西安。勇與副將任珍、馬寧等禦戰，屢敗之。四年，寧夏叛將馬德結弘器陷安定，勇從總兵劉芳名率師赴援，戰，馬寧陣擒德，勇攻克固原，獲弘器、明義，誅之。

Zhang Yong, whose style name was Feixiong, came from Xianning in Shaanxi. Skilled in riding and archery, he had served the Ming as a vice general. In the second year of Shunzhi, when the Prince of Ying, Ajige, encamped at Jiujiang, Yong surrendered. Ordered to win over and pacify the enemy, he brought in more than seven hundred officers and men from the rank of regional commander down. He was made a guerrilla commander and assigned to the staff of Meng Qiaofang, governor-general of Shaanxi. At that time Li Zicheng's generals He Zhen, He Hongqi, Li Mingyi, and others held Hanzhong, Xing'an, Guyuan, and neighboring districts and were threatening Xi'an. Yong fought them alongside vice generals Ren Zhen and Ma Ning and defeated them again and again. In the fourth year, the Ningxia rebel Ma De joined He Hongqi in taking Anding. Yong marched to the relief under regional commander Liu Fangming. In the fighting Ma Ning captured Ma De in battle, while Yong took Guyuan, seized He Hongqi and Li Mingyi, and put them to death.

四年，米喇印、丁國棟以蘭州叛，陷臨洮。勇與副將陳萬略率師夾擊，破賊，复臨洮。逐賊至岷州，敗之宮堡，又敗之馬韓山。賊分竄二崖洞，殲焉；又敗之馬家坪，獲明延長王識駉。喬芳攻拔蘭州，喇印、國棟走甘州。勇等率師與喬芳會，遂渡河而西。八月，至甘州，賊出戰，屢擊敗之。六年正月，總兵南一魁奪門入，勇入城巷戰，賊夜遁，逐之至北山，殲賊甚眾。斬喇印於水泉，國棟走肅州，師從之。五月，至肅州，伏壕外，伺賊出牧，擒斬，不使得入。十二月，勇與馬寧督兵樹雲梯登城，遂復肅州，誅國棟，超授甘肅總兵。十年，敘功，授三等阿達哈哈番。

That same year Mi Layin and Ding Guodong rose in rebellion at Lanzhou and captured Lintao. Yong and vice general Chen Wanlue struck the rebels from two sides, routed them, and recovered Lintao. He pursued the rebels to Minzhou, defeated them at Gongbao, and defeated them again at Mahanshan. The rebels fled into two cliff caves and were wiped out there; he routed them again at Majiaping and captured Wang Shikun, the Ming prince of Yanchang. Qiaofang stormed Lanzhou and took it, while Layin and Guodong fled to Ganzhou. Yong and his officers joined Qiaofang, crossed the river, and marched west. In the eighth month they reached Ganzhou. The rebels came out to give battle and were beaten back again and again. In the first month of the sixth year regional commander Nan Yikui forced the gate and entered the city. Yong fought house to house in the streets. The rebels fled by night; he pursued them to Beishan and killed a great many. Layin was beheaded at Shuiquan. Guodong fled to Suzhou, and the army pursued him. In the fifth month they reached Suzhou. Yong posted men outside the moat to ambush rebels who came out to graze their herds, seized and killed them, and kept them from re-entering the city. In the twelfth month Yong and Ma Ning had siege ladders raised and stormed the walls. Suzhou was recovered, Guodong was executed, and Yong was promoted ahead of schedule to regional commander of Gansu. In the tenth year his services were recognized and he was granted the hereditary rank of third-class ada hahafan.

大學士洪承疇視師湖廣，勇請自效，詔獎其忠勤，召詣京師。承疇亦薦勇智勇兼備，所部兵精馬足，請移授經略右標總兵，上許之。勇入對，賜冠服、甲胄、弓矢，加右都督。勇移家京師，乞賜宅；子云翥，以廕授陝西衛指揮，乞改隸京衛，並得旨俞允。勇將行，命內大臣索尼等傳諭曰：「當今良將如勇者甚少。軍務不可懸度，當相機而行，勿負才輕敵。」至軍，佐承疇屢破敵。十五年，從徇貴州，明將羅大順焚新添衛，勇率兵馳戰，大順走十萬谿，勇與一魁等破其壘。復從信郡王多尼下雲南，次盤江。明兵焚鐵索橋，勇夜督兵造梁，黎明，全軍皆得渡，破明將白文選於七星關。十六年，加左都督。十七年，命移鎮臨元、廣西諸處。十八年，遷雲南提督。

When Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou took command in Huguang, Yong volunteered for service. The court praised his loyalty and diligence and summoned him to the capital. Chengchou also recommended Yong as a man of both wisdom and valor whose troops were first-rate and well mounted, and asked that he be transferred to command the right banner of the field marshal's army. The emperor agreed. Yong was received in audience, presented with court dress, armor, bow and arrows, and promoted to Right Censor-in-Chief. Yong moved his family to the capital and asked for a residence; his son Yunzhu, who held a hereditary appointment as commander of the Shaanxi guard, asked to be transferred to a capital guard. Both requests were granted. Before Yong departed, the emperor had inner ministers including Sonin convey this message: "Fine generals like Yong are rare in our day. War cannot be planned in the abstract. Act as circumstances demand, and do not let your ability make you underestimate the enemy." Once at the front he assisted Chengchou and helped win victory after victory. In the fifteenth year he took part in the campaign in Guizhou. The Ming general Luo Dashun burned Xintianwei. Yong rode hard to the fight; Dashun fled to Shiwanxi, and Yong with Yikui and others stormed his fortified camp. He then followed the Prince of Xin, Duoni, into Yunnan and encamped at Panjiang. Ming forces burned the iron-chain bridge. Yong had his men build a crossing by night, and at dawn the entire army was across. He then defeated the Ming general Bai Wenxuan at Qixing Pass. In the sixteenth year he was promoted to Left Censor-in-Chief. In the seventeenth year he was ordered to take up command at Linyuan, Guangxi, and neighboring posts. In the eighteenth year he was appointed provincial military commander of Yunnan.

康熙二年，以勇久鎮甘肅，威名素著，屬番讋服，命還鎮甘肅。三年，加太子太保。西喇塔拉饒水草，號大草灘，厄魯特蒙古乞駐牧於此。勇以其地當要隘，不容逼處，自往諭之，事遂寢。因請築城其地，曰永固。旁建八寨，相聯屬為聲勢。四年，蒙古徙牧近邊，請增西寧兵四千五百二十。部議下總督覆覈，上特命允之。

In the second year of Kangxi, because Yong had long commanded Gansu, where his fame had made the frontier tribes submit in awe, he was ordered back to that post. In the third year he was made Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent. Xilatala, known as Dacaotan, was rich pastureland, and the Oirat Mongols asked permission to graze there. Yong judged the place a vital pass where they could not be allowed to crowd in. He went in person to warn them off, and the matter ended there. He then asked to build a fortress there, which was named Yonggu. Eight outposts were built nearby and linked together to extend his defensive reach. In the fourth year, as Mongols moved their herds close to the border, he asked for 4,520 additional troops at Xining. The ministry referred the request to the governor-general for review, but the emperor personally ordered it approved.

十二年，吳三桂反，四川總兵吳之茂叛應之。十三年，三桂使招勇，勇執其使以聞。陝西提督王輔臣亦叛，勇督兵防禦。十四年，巡撫華善疏言：「輔臣遙應三桂，西番土回乘隙並起，河西危甚，得免淪陷，皆勇之力。請敕許勇便宜。」命授靖逆將軍，仍領提督，總兵以下聽指揮。輔臣招勇，勇斬其使，上嘉之，封靖逆侯。

In the twelfth year Wu Sangui rebelled, and Wu Zhimao, regional commander of Sichuan, rose in support. In the thirteenth year Sangui sent envoys to win him over. Yong seized the envoys and reported the matter to the throne. Wang Fuchen, provincial commander of Shaanxi, rebelled as well, and Yong took command of the defense. In the fourteenth year Grand Coordinator Hua Shan memorialized: "Fuchen coordinates with Sangui from afar, while western tribes and Muslim communities have risen together at the first opportunity. The Hexi region was in grave peril; that it did not fall is entirely Yong's doing. I ask that he be authorized by edict to act at his own discretion." Yong was appointed Pacification General while retaining his post as provincial commander; all officers from regional commander down were placed under his command. When Fuchen tried to win him over, Yong executed the envoy. The emperor commended him and enfeoffed him as Marquis Who Pacifies Rebels.

勇遣西寧總兵王進寶率師攻蘭州。輔臣將潘瑀攻洮州，曾文耀攻河州，番部乘隙肆掠。勇率兵攻河州，文耀敗走。別遣土官楊朝梁攻洮州，自督兵繼其後，瑀亦敗走。上嘉勇謀略，以其次子云翼為太僕寺卿。勇進攻鞏昌，輔臣將任國治等潛師入城，與城兵共出戰。勇與副將劉宣聖等奮擊，截其歸路，斬馘過半，獲四百七十三人。時輔臣據平涼，貝勒洞鄂督兵圍攻，久不下，上命勇率師會之。勇疏言鞏昌要地，兵力難分，下廷臣議，令勇固守鞏昌。

Yong sent Wang Jinbao, regional commander of Xining, to attack Lanzhou. Fuchen's generals Pan Yu attacked Taozhou and Zeng Wenyao attacked Hezhou, while frontier tribes took advantage of the turmoil to raid at will. Yong marched on Hezhou and put Wenyao to flight. He sent the native official Yang Chaoliang against Taozhou and followed with his main force; Pan Yu was defeated and fled as well. The emperor praised Yong's strategy and appointed his second son Yunyi director of the Court of the Imperial Stud. Yong advanced on Gongchang. Fuchen's generals Ren Guozhi and others slipped reinforcements into the city and sallied out with the garrison. Yong and vice generals including Liu Xuansheng fought hard, cut off their retreat, killed more than half the enemy, and took 473 prisoners. Fuchen held Pingliang, where the beile Tong'e had long besieged him without success. The emperor ordered Yong to bring his army to join the siege. Yong memorialized that Gongchang was a vital post and that he could not spare troops. The court deliberated and ordered him to hold Gongchang.

吳三桂遣其將吳之茂自四川北犯，為輔臣聲援，屯西和。勇與振武將軍佛尼埒及進寶等御之，三戰皆勝。寧夏兵變，戕提督陳福。勇還駐鞏昌，疏薦天津總兵趙良棟才勇，命即授寧夏提督。十五年，敘复洮、河二州功，加少保兼太子太保。

Wu Sangui sent his general Wu Zhimao north from Sichuan to support Fuchen, and Zhimao encamped at Xihe. Yong, the Pacifying Martial General Fonielie, Jinbao, and others met them and won three battles in succession. The garrison at Ningxia mutinied and killed provincial commander Chen Fu. Yong returned to Gongchang and recommended Zhao Liangdong, regional commander of Tianjin, as a man of talent and valor. Liangdong was immediately appointed provincial commander of Ningxia. In the fifteenth year his success in recovering Taozhou and Hezhou was recognized, and he was made Junior Guardian and concurrently Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent.

吳之茂屯樂門，分兵攻陷通渭。勇督兵道伏羌赴援，至十八盤坡，與之茂兵遇，張兩翼衝擊，之茂兵潰，乘勝复通渭。進攻樂門，之茂據險，列十一寨，勇度地，令橫營山梁。營甫立，賊齊出，勇令兵持草一束，與都統赫葉分擊南北山梁，賊亦南北應戰。火器發，賊敗走入寨，兵投草填塹直進，殺賊千餘。之茂收餘眾复戰，勇勒兵衝擊，之茂大敗。勇與佛尼勒、進寶等盡平賊寨。之茂夜走，追敗之牡丹園，又敗之西和北山，之茂僅以數騎遁。大學士圖海出視師，輔臣降，勇遣兵收平涼、慶陽、鞏昌諸屬縣。詔褒勇功，進一等侯，加少傅兼太子太師。

Wu Zhimao was encamped at Lemen and sent detachments that captured Tongwei. Yong marched to the relief by way of Fuqiang. At Shibapanpo he met Zhimao's force, charged with both wings extended, routed the enemy, and pressed on to recover Tongwei. Advancing on Lemen, he found Zhimao holding difficult ground behind eleven stockades. Yong studied the terrain and had his men camp across the ridge. The camps had barely been pitched when the rebels came out in force. Yong had each man carry a bundle of straw and, with Commander-in-Chief Heye, attacked the northern and southern ridges; the rebels met them on both fronts. When the firearms opened fire the rebels broke and fled into their stockades. Yong's men threw straw into the ditches, pressed straight in, and killed more than a thousand. Zhimao rallied his survivors and fought again, but Yong charged and routed him completely. Yong, Foniele, Jinbao, and the others then cleared every rebel stockade. Zhimao fled by night. They overtook and defeated him at Mudanyuan and again on Beishan west of Xihe; he escaped with only a handful of horsemen. When Grand Secretary Tu Hai took the field, Fuchen surrendered. Yong sent troops to recover Pingliang, Qingyang, Gongchang, and their dependent counties. An edict praised his achievements, raised him to first-rank marquis, and made him Junior Mentor and concurrently Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent.

十七年，準噶爾台吉噶爾丹兵入河套，厄魯特部為所敗，假道赴青海，闌入內地，勇驅令出塞。二十一年，入覲。二十二年，以老病乞休，諭留之。二十三年，聞青海蒙古游牧近邊城，率兵赴丹山防禦，至甘州，病篤。上聞，遣醫併其子云翼馳驛往視。尋率，贈少師仍兼太子太師，賜祭葬，諡襄壯。

In the seventeenth year the Zunghar taiji Galdan invaded the Ordos. Defeated Oirat bands took the road toward Qinghai and crossed into Chinese territory; Yong drove them back beyond the frontier. In the twenty-first year he was received at court. In the twenty-second year he asked to retire on account of age and illness, but the emperor ordered him to stay on. In the twenty-third year, hearing that Qinghai Mongols were grazing close to the border towns, he led troops to Danshan. At Ganzhou his illness grew grave. When word reached the throne, the emperor sent a physician and his son Yunyi by relay posthorses to attend him. He died soon after. He was posthumously made Junior Preceptor and still concurrently Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent, granted state funeral honors, and given the posthumous title Xiangzhuang.

勇身經數百戰，克府五、州縣五十，右足中流矢，傷骨，不能履，常以肩輿督戰。臨敵若無事，而智計橫出，每以寡勝眾。居恆恂恂退讓，賓禮賢士。用人盡其材，其所甄拔，往往起卒伍為大將，良棟、進寶尤其著者也。

Yong had fought in several hundred battles, taken five prefectures and fifty districts and counties, and been struck in the right foot by an arrow that shattered the bone and left him unable to walk. He often directed battles from a sedan chair. In battle he seemed unhurried, yet stratagems poured from him, and he often defeated larger forces with smaller ones. In private life he was modest and courteous and treated men of talent with honor. He used every man's gifts to the full. Many he raised from the ranks became great generals, Liangdong and Jinbao foremost among them.

子云翼，襲爵，官至江南提督。卒，諡恪定。雍正間，祀勇賢良祠。乾隆三十三年，命以一等侯世襲罔替。四十七年，詔褒勇、良棟、進寶勳績，尤稱勇有古名將風。時勇四世孫承勳襲爵，以散秩大臣曠班，降三等侍衛，命復還散秩大臣。

His son Yunyi inherited the title and rose to provincial military commander of Jiangnan. At his death he received the posthumous title Keding. Under the Yongzheng emperor he was enshrined in the Temple of Worthies. In the thirty-third year of Qianlong his descendants were granted perpetual inheritance of the first-rank marquisate. In the forty-seventh year an edict praised the achievements of Yong, Liangdong, and Jinbao, singling out Yong as a man in the mold of the great generals of antiquity. Yong's fourth-generation descendant Cheng Xun then held the title. Having been absent from duty as a minister without portfolio, he was demoted to third-rank bodyguard, then restored to minister without portfolio by imperial order.

趙良棟，字擎宇，甘肅寧夏人，先世居榆林。順治二年，師定陝西，良棟應募，隸總督孟喬芳標下，檄署潼關守備。從征秦州、鞏昌，擊敗叛將賀珍、武大定。授寧夏水利屯田都司。五年，討河西回，擒丁國棟。良棟在行間，擢高台游擊。十三年，以經略洪承疇薦，從征雲、貴，授督標中軍副將。康熙元年，擢雲南廣羅總兵。先後剿平馬乃、隴納、水西諸苗。四年，移鎮貴州平遠，遭父喪，吳三桂以水西未大定，留勿遣。良棟辭，忤三桂，同官為排解，乃得歸終制。八年，起山西大同總兵。十一年，移鎮直隸天津。

Zhao Liangdong, whose style name was Qingyu, came from Ningxia in Gansu. His family had originally lived in Yulin. In the second year of Shunzhi, when the army pacified Shaanxi, Liangdong enlisted and joined Meng Qiaofang's staff. He was ordered to serve as acting commander of the Tongguan garrison. He campaigned in Qinzhou and Gongchang and defeated the rebel generals He Zhen and Wu Dading. He was appointed colonel in charge of Ningxia's irrigation colonies. In the fifth year, during the campaign against the Hexi Muslims, Ding Guodong was captured. Liangdong was in the field and was promoted to guerrilla commander of Gaotai. In the thirteenth year, on Hong Chengchou's recommendation, he joined the Yunnan-Guizhou campaign and was made vice general of the field marshal's central army. In the first year of Kangxi he was promoted to regional commander of the Guangluo district in Yunnan. In succession he pacified the Miao of Manai, Longna, Shuixi, and other regions. In the fourth year he was transferred to Pingyuan in Guizhou. When his father died, Wu Sangui refused to release him, citing the fact that Shuixi was not yet fully pacified. Liangdong insisted on leaving, which offended Sangui, but colleagues interceded for him and he was at last allowed to go home and complete his mourning obligations. In the eighth year he was recalled as regional commander at Datong in Shanxi. In the eleventh year he was transferred to Tianjin in Zhili.

十二年，三桂反。十三年，寧夏兵變，戕提督陳福。甘肅提督張勇薦良棟，擢寧夏提督。入覲，奏寧夏亂兵，宜誅首惡、宥脅從，上頷之。良棟請留孥京師，賜宅以居。簡精兵百疾馳赴鎮，宣上諭撫慰。察知倡亂者把總劉德，而參將熊虎與其謀，戕福者營兵閻國賢、陳進忠。乃分兵使出防，散其黨羽，逮虎等正其罪，請旨斬之。

In the twelfth year Wu Sangui rose in rebellion. In the thirteenth year the Ningxia garrison mutinied and killed Provincial Military Commissioner Chen Fu. Zhang Yong, provincial military commissioner of Gansu, recommended Liangdong, who was promoted to the same post at Ningxia. At court he argued that among the Ningxia mutineers only the ringleaders should be punished and the coerced men spared. The Emperor agreed. Liangdong asked to leave his family in the capital, and the court granted them a house. He took a hundred picked men and rode at full speed to his command, proclaiming the Emperor's message of reassurance. His investigation showed that platoon leader Liu De had started the mutiny with the help of Vice Commander Xiong Hu, while camp soldiers Yan Guoxian and Chen Jinzhong had killed Chen Fu. He deployed his forces on guard duty, broke up the conspirators' network, arrested Xiong Hu and his accomplices, tried them, and secured imperial approval for their execution.

是時大將軍圖海督師平涼，討王輔臣，良棟及平涼提督王進寶並聽指揮，分兵定秦州、西和、禮縣。十八年，良棟疏言：「寧夏兵舊習驕縱，臣三年訓練，漸遵紀律，並嚴禁侵剋額餉，眾志思奮。臣年漸老，不乘時努力，虛負上恩。今湖南既定，宜取漢中、興安，規四川。臣原精選所部步騎五千，獨當一路。」上覽奏嘉許，下圖海。圖海議先破棧道、益門鎮諸處賊壘，分四道進取；而涼州提督孫思克疏請緩師，得旨切責。乃以十月定師期，良棟將所部出徽縣。師進破密樹關，遣兵襲黃渚關分敵勢，大戰，破三桂兵，克徽縣。思克出略陽，方次階州。良棟師自徽縣進克略陽，三桂將吳之茂敗走。良棟復進取陽平關，徇沔縣。進寶出鳳縣定漢中，良棟與會師寧羌，各奏捷。授良棟勇略將軍，仍領寧夏提督。

Grand General Tu Hai was then campaigning against Wang Fuchen from Pingliang. Liangdong and Wang Jinbao, provincial military commissioner of Pingliang, served under his command and sent detachments to secure Qinzhou, Xihe, and Lixian. In the eighteenth year Liangdong wrote: "The Ningxia troops were once unruly and arrogant, but after three years of training they now keep discipline. I have also forbidden any skimming of their pay, and the men are eager to fight. I am growing old. If I do not seize this moment, I shall have wasted Your Majesty's trust. Hunan is secure. We should take Hanzhong and Xing'an and aim at Sichuan. I am ready to take five thousand foot and horse from my own command and hold one route by myself." The Emperor read the memorial with approval and forwarded it to Tu Hai. Tu Hai proposed first storming the rebel strongholds along the plank road, at Yimen town, and elsewhere, then advancing in four columns. Sun Sike, provincial military commissioner of Liangzhou, had meanwhile asked to slow the advance and was sharply rebuked by imperial edict. The army was ordered to move in the tenth month, and Liangdong marched out of Huixian with his division. His forces broke Mishu Pass, sent a detachment against Huangzhu Pass to split the enemy, fought a major battle, routed Wu Sangui's army, and captured Huixian. Sun Sike had marched out through Lueyang and was encamped at Jiezhou. Liangdong advanced from Huixian and took Lueyang, driving off Wu Sangui's general Wu Zhimao. Liangdong pressed on to Yangping Pass and swept through Mianxian. Jinbao marched out through Fengxian and secured Hanzhong. Liangdong joined him at Ningqiang, and both reported victories. Liangdong was made Brave Strategist General while continuing to hold the Ningxia command.

十九年，良棟與進寶分道進次白水壩，三桂兵夾江而陣，江水方漲，不得舟，賊矢石如雨。良棟令於眾曰：「視我鞭所向，敢退者斬！」一軍皆奮呼。良棟擐甲，驟馬亂流而渡，師從之，敵發砲，傷數十人，無回顧者。三桂兵錯愕奔潰，逐之過青川，敗之石峽溝，再敗之青箐山，下龍安府，渡明月江，經綿竹。三桂兵盡潰，所置巡撫張文德及其將汪文元等皆降，遂復成都，蓋出師甫十日。上獎良棟功，擢雲貴總督，加兵部尚書，仍領將軍。良棟念寧夏當有代者，鎮兵且不能從征，疏辭總督，上弗許。部議寧夏改設總兵，上即授良棟子廕生弘燦，仍將鎮兵從征。

In the nineteenth year Liangdong and Jinbao advanced by separate routes to Baishuiba. Wu Sangui's troops lined both banks of the river. The water was high, there were no boats, and enemy arrows and stones poured down like rain. Liangdong called out to his men: "Watch where my whip points. Anyone who retreats will be beheaded!" The whole army roared in response. Liangdong put on armor, spurred his horse into the churning current, and crossed. His men followed. The enemy opened fire with cannon and wounded dozens, but not a man turned back. Wu Sangui's troops broke in confusion. Liangdong pursued them past Qingchuan, routed them at Shixiagou and again at Qingqingshan, took Long'an Prefecture, crossed the Mingyue River, and marched through Mianzhu. Wu Sangui's army collapsed completely. The governor he had installed, Zhang Wende, and generals such as Wang Wenyuan all surrendered, and Chengdu was recovered only ten days after the campaign began. The Emperor rewarded his achievement by making him governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou, conferring the title of Minister of War, and allowing him to retain his general's rank. Liangdong felt that Ningxia needed a new commander and that its garrison could not march with him. He asked to be relieved of the governorship, but the Emperor refused. The ministry recommended replacing the Ningxia provincial command with a regional command. The Emperor immediately appointed Liangdong's yin-privilege son Hongcan and ordered the Ningxia garrison to continue on campaign.

時進寶亦克保寧，與建威將軍吳丹等徇順慶、重慶、遵義，皆下。良棟分遣游擊冶國用等西徇雅州，复象嶺、建昌諸衛。東略敘州，定納溪、永寧諸縣。疏請敕陝西、四川督撫諸臣合籌運餉濟軍。師自四川分道：一自保寧出永寧，達霑益；一自成都出建昌，達武定。並下雲南。上韙其言，諭諸將帥協謀定策。尋議吳丹出永寧，良棟出建昌。吳世璠遣其將胡國柱、夏國相等攻陷永寧，犯瀘州、敘州，复聚窺建昌。良棟檄總兵硃衣客將八千人援建昌，硃衣客戰不勝，退駐雅州。建昌守兵食盡，棄城走。良棟劾吳丹擁兵不進，致永寧陷賊，並及硃衣客引退狀，詔解吳丹將軍以授佛尼埒，逮硃衣客下刑部。

Meanwhile Jinbao had taken Baoning and, with Establishing Might General Wu Dan and others, swept Shunqing, Chongqing, and Zunyi, all of which fell. Liangdong sent guerrilla commander Ye Guoyong and others west against Yazhou and recovered Xiangling, Jianchang, and the other guard posts. To the east he overran Xuzhou and secured Naxi, Yongning, and neighboring counties. He asked the throne to order the governors and commissioners of Shaanxi and Sichuan to coordinate grain shipments for the army. The forces in Sichuan would advance in two columns: one from Baoning through Yongning to Zhan Yi, and one from Chengdu through Jianchang to Wuding. Both would then descend on Yunnan. The Emperor endorsed the plan and told the commanders to coordinate their strategy. It was soon decided that Wu Dan would advance from Yongning and Liangdong from Jianchang. Wu Shifan sent Hu Guozhu, Xia Guoxiang, and other generals to take Yongning and strike Luzhou and Xuzhou, then massed again to threaten Jianchang. Liangdong ordered Regional Commander Zhu Yike to relieve Jianchang with eight thousand men. Zhu Yike was defeated and fell back to Yazhou. The Jianchang garrison ran out of food, abandoned the city, and fled. Liangdong accused Wu Dan of holding back his troops, which had led to the loss of Yongning, and reported Zhu Yike's retreat. An edict stripped Wu Dan of his command and gave it to Funiye, and Zhu Yike was arrested and sent to the Ministry of Justice.

二十年，良棟率師次朝天關，遣弘燦出馬湖繞賊兵後，戰鳳凰村，再戰觀音崖。賊據崖，弘燦督兵攀崖襲其後，馘三百，俘八十餘。令總兵李芳述、偏圖等逐至黃茅岡，賊分三道拒戰，弘燦分兵應之，自旦至暮，大破賊，斬其將沈明、張文祥，國柱等遁走。复瀘州、敘州，遂克永寧，徇榮經。良棟與會師夾江，克雅州，進復建昌。渡金沙江，次武定。

In the twentieth year Liangdong encamped at Chaotian Pass and sent Hongcan through Mahu to strike the enemy rear. They fought at Fenghuang Village and again at Guanyin Cliff. The rebels held the heights. Hongcan led his men up the cliff to attack from behind, killing three hundred and taking more than eighty prisoners. He sent Regional Commander Li Fangshu and Piantu in pursuit to Huangmaogang. The rebels met them in three columns. Hongcan divided his force to answer them and, fighting from dawn to dusk, routed the enemy, killing the generals Shen Ming and Zhang Wenxiang. Hu Guozhu and the others escaped. He recovered Luzhou and Xuzhou, took Yongning, and pushed on into Rongjing. Liangdong joined the converging columns on both banks of the river, took Yazhou, and advanced to recover Jianchang. They crossed the Jinsha River and halted at Wuding.

大將軍貝子彰泰統湖廣、廣西諸路滿、漢兵四十萬下雲南，攻會城，屯城東歸化寺，西亙碧雞關，連營四十里，前臨昆明湖，湖中不設兵。世璠收餘眾固守，自水道轉運，相持數月未下。九月，良棟至軍，周視營壘，請於彰泰曰：「我師不速戰，相持日久，糧不繼，何以自存？」彰泰曰：「皇上豢養滿洲兵，豈可輕進委之於敵？且爾兵初來，亦宜體養，何可令其傷損？」良棟不從，率所部夜攻南壩，破壘奪橋，遂薄城。彰泰語良棟：「爾兵攻已瘁，宜暫退，令總督蔡毓榮代守。」良棟曰：「我兵死戰所得地，奈何令他人守乎？」於是彰泰令諸軍悉進，世璠兵出城，戰於桂花寺，諸軍皆奮鬥，世璠兵大敗，乃自殺，餘眾以城降。雲南平。

Grand General Beile Zhang Zhangtai led four hundred thousand Manchu and Han troops from Huguang and Guangxi into Yunnan and besieged the capital. His camp lay east of the city at Guihua Temple, his line ran west along Biji Pass for forty li, and his front faced Kunming Lake—yet he posted no troops on the water. Wu Shifan gathered his remaining forces for a stubborn defense and supplied them by water. The siege dragged on for months without success. In the ninth month Liangdong reached the front, inspected the camps, and said to Zhang Zhangtai: "If we do not attack soon, this long standoff will exhaust our grain. How can we hold out?" Zhang Zhangtai replied: "The Emperor maintains the Banner troops at great expense. How can we lightly throw them into the enemy's hands? Besides, your men have only just arrived. They need rest. Why should we let them be wasted?" Liangdong would not listen. That night he led his own troops against Nanba, stormed the stockade, seized the bridge, and pressed up to the walls. Zhang Zhangtai told Liangdong: "Your men are exhausted from the assault. Pull back for now and let Governor-General Cai Yurong hold what you have taken." Liangdong answered: "My men won this ground at the cost of their lives. Why should someone else hold it for us?" Zhang Zhangtai then ordered a general advance. Wu Shifan's troops came out and fought at Guihua Temple. Every column threw itself into the battle. Wu Shifan's army was routed, he killed himself, and the survivors surrendered the city. Yunnan was pacified.

自三桂鎮雲南，至世璠覆亡，歷年久，子女玉帛充積饒富。城破，諸將爭取之，獨良棟無所取，戢所部兵絲毫毋敢犯。

From Wu Sangui's rule in Yunnan to Wu Shifan's fall, many years had passed, and the rebel court had amassed wives, treasure, and silks in great profusion. When the city fell the other generals scrambled for loot, but Liangdong took nothing and kept his men under such strict discipline that not even the smallest item was touched.

硃衣客就逮，具疏辨，謂良棟與兵少，又無後應，是以退還。進寶亦疏謂建昌之陷，罪在良棟。良棟复劾硃衣客欺飾狡辨，且謂辨疏出進寶。上以軍事急，命俟事平察議。雲南既定，召良棟詣京師，進寶亦入覲，諭曰：「當賊據漢中負固，諸將咸謂恢復為難，獨良棟首發議進剿，與進寶同取漢中。嗣因意見不相合，遂分道克成都，而進寶亦取保寧。成都不下，保寧未易拔；保寧不下，成都未易守：是二將並有功也。時賊皆入川抗戰，我師乘虛自沅州、鎮遠取貴陽，川中寇复張，已復之疆土幾至再陷，則二將不能和衷之所致也。二將不諳大體，私忿攻訐。朕念其功績並茂，惟欲保全，互訐章奏，皆置不問，但論失援建昌罪。」部議硃衣客論斬，吳丹奪官籍沒，良棟奪官。上命硃衣客免死為奴，吳丹奪官，良棟改授鑾儀使。

After Zhu Yike was arrested he submitted a defense, claiming that Liangdong had given him too few men and no rear support, which was why he had retreated. Jinbao also wrote that Liangdong was to blame for the loss of Jianchang. Liangdong in turn accused Zhu Yike of lying and evasion, and claimed that Jinbao had ghostwritten the defense. Because the war was still urgent, the Emperor ordered that the case be reviewed only after the fighting ended. After Yunnan was secured, Liangdong was summoned to court and Jinbao was received in audience. The Emperor told them: "When the rebels held Hanzhong, every general said recovery would be hard. Only Liangdong was first to urge an advance, and he and Jinbao together retook Hanzhong. Later you quarreled and marched separately. Liangdong took Chengdu while Jinbao took Baoning. Chengdu could not be taken while Baoning held out; and Baoning could not be reduced while Chengdu remained in rebel hands. Both of you therefore deserve credit. While the rebels were fighting in Sichuan, our forces seized Guiyang from Yuanzhou and Zhenyuan. But the rebels in Sichuan rallied again, and territory we had recovered nearly fell a second time. That was because you two could not cooperate. You failed to see the larger interest and attacked each other out of private spite. I value both your records and mean to preserve you. I set aside your mutual accusations and judge only the failure to relieve Jianchang." The ministry recommended execution for Zhu Yike, stripping and confiscation for Wu Dan, and dismissal for Liangdong. The Emperor spared Zhu Yike's life and made him a bondservant, stripped Wu Dan of office, and reassigned Liangdong as Director of Imperial Equipage.

二十二年，良棟疏陳戰功，請察議，下王大臣等議：良棟失建昌，以功抵罪；止敘從征將士弘燦、芳述、偏圖，並加左都督。良棟尋乞病歸。二十五年，上念良棟克雲南，廉潔守法紀，復將軍、總督原銜。二十七年，入覲，復自陳戰功，上命還裡牒部具奏。二十八年，授拜他喇布勒哈番。

In the twenty-second year Liangdong listed his battle honors and asked for a formal review. The case went to the princes and grand ministers, who ruled that the loss of Jianchang was offset by his achievements. Only the officers who had marched with him—Hongcan, Fangshu, and Piantu—were rewarded, each promoted to Left Regional Commander. Liangdong soon asked to retire on grounds of illness and went home. In the twenty-fifth year the Emperor, remembering Liangdong's conquest of Yunnan and his integrity, restored his former ranks as general and governor-general. In the twenty-seventh year he came to court, again pleaded his battle record, and the Emperor told him to submit a full memorial through the ministry after he returned home. In the twenty-eighth year he was granted the hereditary rank of baitalabula haqan.

三十年，噶爾丹擾邊，命西安將軍尼雅翰等出防寧夏，以軍事諮良棟。三十二年，以寧夏總兵馮德昌赴甘州，命良棟暫領鎮兵。良棟劾德昌剋軍糧，德昌坐罷。三十三年，命良棟率兵駐土喇禦噶爾丹，旋召詣京師。三十四年，良棟復自陳戰功為大將軍圖海、彰泰所抑，並咎大學士明珠蔽功，上責其褊隘，還其疏，仍敕部優敘，授一等精奇尼哈番。良棟原留京師，乞田宅。御史龔翔麟劾良棟驕縱，上原之，賚白金二千，令歸里。

In the thirtieth year Galdan raided the frontier. General of Xi'an Ni Yahang and others were sent to guard Ningxia, and Liangdong was consulted on military affairs. In the thirty-second year, when Ningxia Regional Commander Feng Dechang went to Ganzhou, Liangdong was ordered temporarily to command the Ningxia garrison. Liangdong accused Feng Dechang of skimming army rations, and Feng was dismissed. In the thirty-third year he was ordered to take troops to Tula to guard against Galdan, then was soon recalled to the capital. In the thirty-fourth year Liangdong again pleaded his battle record, claiming that Grand Generals Tu Hai and Zhang Zhangtai had suppressed it and that Grand Secretary Mingzhu had hidden his merits. The Emperor rebuked his pettiness, returned the memorial, but still ordered the ministry to reward him and granted him a first-class jingqi nihaqan. Liangdong had been staying in the capital and asked for land and a house. Censor Gong Xianglin accused him of arrogance and insubordination. The Emperor forgave him, gave him two thousand taels of silver, and sent him home.

三十六年，良棟病，尚書馬齊自寧夏還，奏狀，手詔存問，賜人葠、鹿尾。尋卒，年七十有七。上方徵噶爾丹，次榆林，諭曰：「良棟偉男子，著有功績。性躁心窄，每與人不合，奏事朕前，言語粗率。朕保全功臣，始終優容之，所請無不允。今病卒，宜為其妻子區處，使得安生。」至寧夏，命皇長子允禔臨其喪，賜祭葬，諡襄忠。五十九年，上諭群臣，猶舉良棟至雲南與彰泰議軍事，謂決於進戰乃得成切。乾隆四十七年，進一等伯，世襲罔替。

In the thirty-sixth year Liangdong fell ill. Minister Ma Qi returned from Ningxia with a report on his condition. The Emperor sent a personal edict of inquiry and gifts of ginseng and deer tail. He died soon after, at the age of seventy-seven. The Emperor was then campaigning against Galdan and halted at Yulin. He said: "Liangdong was a formidable man who won great distinction. He was quick-tempered and narrow-minded, often at odds with others, and when he spoke to me his words were blunt and rough. I meant to preserve a deserving servant and indulged him to the end. Nothing he asked was refused. Now that he has died of illness, see that his wife and children are provided for so they may live in peace." At Ningxia he ordered the eldest imperial son Yunzhi to attend the funeral in person, granted state funeral honors, and gave him the posthumous name Xiangzhong. In the fifty-ninth year the Emperor told his ministers that he had still recommended sending Liangdong to Yunnan to consult with Zhang Zhangtai on military affairs, and that true success depended on resolving to press the attack. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong he was promoted to first-class earl with perpetual hereditary succession.

子弘燦，初以廕生特授寧夏總兵，歷川北、真定、黃岩、南贛諸鎮。康熙三十八年，授浙江提督，調廣東。四十五年，授兩廣總督。五十五年，入覲，辭還，奏言久處炎海，年事就衰，請移近地自效。尋授兵部尚書。五十六年，詣京師，至武昌，道卒，諡敏恪。

His son Hongcan was first specially appointed from yinsheng status as regional commander of Ningxia, then served at the garrisons of Chuanbei, Zhending, Huangyan, and Nan'gan in turn. In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi he was appointed provincial military commissioner of Zhejiang, then transferred to Guangdong. In the forty-fifth year he was appointed governor-general of Liangguang. In the fifty-fifth year he came to court and, on taking leave to return home, memorialized that long service in the sultry south had worn on him with age and asked to be posted nearer home where he could still be of use. He was soon appointed minister of war. In the fifty-sixth year he set out for the capital but died on the road at Wuchang. His posthumous name was Minke.

弘燮，初授完縣知縣，再遷天津道。良棟卒，襲一等精奇尼哈番，复授天津道。三遷河南巡撫，調直隸。五十四年，諭獎弘燮撫直隸十年，任事勤勞，旗、民輯睦，盜案稀少，加總督銜。六十一年，卒，諡肅敏。弘燮在官虧庫帑，特命弘燦子之垣以郎中署直隸巡撫，責完補。世宗即位，以之垣庸劣，令解任。尋命免追虧項，詔謂念良棟舊勳也。

Hongxie was first appointed magistrate of Wan County, then promoted to intendant of Tianjin Circuit. When Liangdong died, Hongxie inherited the first-class jingqi nihaqan and was again appointed intendant of Tianjin Circuit. After three promotions he became governor of Henan, then was transferred to Zhili. In the fifty-fourth year an edict praised Hongxie for ten years governing Zhili: diligent in duty, Banner and commoner populations well harmonized, and few robbery cases. He was given the rank of governor-general. In the sixty-first year he died. His posthumous name was Sumin. Hongxie had run up a treasury deficit while in office. By special order Zhiyuan, Hongcan's son, was appointed acting governor of Zhili as a bureau director and charged with making up the shortfall. When the Yongzheng Emperor took the throne, he found Zhiyuan mediocre and ordered him removed. Soon afterward he ordered that recovery of the deficit be waived, the edict citing remembrance of Liangdong's former service.

王進寶，字顯吾，甘肅靖遠人。精騎射。順治初，從孟喬芳討定河西回，授守備，隸甘肅總兵張勇標下。十一年，勇調經略右標總兵，南征，進寶從徇湖南。十五年，下貴州，師次十萬谿，懸崖千仞，明將李定國遣其將羅大順扼險屯守。進寶率眾攀崖直上，搗其巢，大順奔潰，以功遷經略右標中營游擊。康熙二年，勇還為甘肅提督，進寶亦改授提標左營游擊，隨軍有功，遷參將。厄魯特蒙古欲得大草灘駐牧，勇用進寶議，持不可。既，城永固，以進寶為副將駐其地。十二年，擢西寧總兵。

Wang Jinbao, courtesy name Xianwu, was a native of Jingyuan in Gansu. He excelled at mounted archery. Early in the Shunzhi reign he followed Meng Qiaoang in pacifying the Muslims of Hexi, was appointed garrison commander, and served under Gansu regional commander Zhang Yong. In the eleventh year Zhang Yong was transferred to regional commander of the Grand Council's Right Banner. On the southern expedition Jinbao followed and campaigned in Hunan. In the fifteenth year Guizhou fell. The army halted at Shiwanxi, where cliffs rose a thousand ren high. Ming general Li Dingguo sent his officer Luo Dashun to hold the defile and encamp. Jinbao led his men straight up the cliff and stormed their stronghold. Dashun fled in rout. For this feat he was promoted to brigade commander of the Grand Council Right Banner's center brigade. In the second year of Kangxi Zhang Yong returned as Gansu provincial military commissioner. Jinbao was reassigned brigade commander of the provincial brigade's left camp, served with merit on campaign, and was promoted to deputy commander. The Oirat Mongols sought to pasture at Dacaotan. Zhang Yong took Jinbao's advice and held that it could not be allowed. Yongyuan was then fortified, and Jinbao was made deputy regional commander and stationed there. In the twelfth year he was promoted to regional commander of Xining.

王輔臣攻陷蘭州，勇遣進寶率師討之。次黃河，夜以革囊結筏自蔡灣渡，破賊皋蘭龍尾山，獲輔臣將李廷玉。遂東拔安定，復金縣。西攻臨洮，會大雪，詗賊不誡備，襲破之。輔臣使持吳三桂劄招進寶，進寶以聞，加左都督。四月，進攻蘭州。輔臣遣兵開壁出戰，進寶督兵奮擊，自旦至日中，擒斬過半。賊敗入壁，為長圍困之，斷其糧運。六月，輔臣兵造筏黃河，謀潛遁。進寶緣河要之，賊計蹙，其將趙士升出降。

When Wang Fuchen took Lanzhou, Zhang Yong sent Jinbao to lead troops against him. Halting at the Yellow River, they bound rafts of leather bags by night and crossed from Caiban Bay. They routed the rebels at Longwei Mountain in Gaolan and captured Fuchen's general Li Tingyu. They then took Anding to the east and recovered Jinxian. Attacking Lintao to the west, they met heavy snow. Spies reported that the rebels were unprepared, and a surprise attack broke them. Fuchen sent envoys with Wu Sangui's letter to win Jinbao over. Jinbao reported it to the throne and was promoted to Left Regional Commander. In the fourth month they advanced to attack Lanzhou. Fuchen sent troops out to give battle. Jinbao directed a fierce assault from dawn to midday, capturing and killing more than half the enemy. The defeated rebels withdrew behind the walls. He laid a long encirclement, besieged the city, and cut off its grain supply. In the sixth month Fuchen's troops built rafts on the Yellow River, planning to slip away in secret. Jinbao blocked them along the river. With their plan thwarted, their general Zhao Shisheng came out to surrender.

其秋，三桂遣其將王屏籓、吳之茂自四川入陝西，為輔臣聲援。之茂據西和鳳凰山，進寶督兵討之，初合，我師敗績；夜，之茂兵來襲，進寶以計環攻之，蹙之黨家山，大潰，多墜崖死。十五年，擢陝西提督，仍兼領西寧總兵，駐秦州。之茂進據北山，斷臨洮、鞏昌道。進寶與將軍佛尼埒分兵赴援，擊敗之，獲其將徐大仁。戰羅家堡，再戰鹽關，屢勝。之茂集潰兵萬餘屯鐵葉硤、紅山堡，築壘，護以密椿，潛出運芻糧。進寶遣兵破賊牡丹園，獲糧械。大將軍圖海進攻平涼，輔臣引四川叛將譚弘犯通渭。進寶引數十騎入自東峽口，聞將軍赫葉戰敗，寇方張，令諸軍伐木曳以行，塵大起，寇駭走，追殺數十里。分兵進攻，復靜寧，於是平涼遂下。六月，師次樂門，甫立營，之茂兵來攻，進寶督兵環擊，殲其裨將數輩。復與佛尼埒合兵，戰屢勝，之茂僅以十餘騎潰走。平原、固原悉定。論功，授二等阿思哈尼哈番。上褒進寶忠義，進一等，授奮威將軍，仍兼提督平涼諸軍事。

That autumn Wu Sangui sent his generals Wang Pingfan and Wu Zhimao from Sichuan into Shaanxi to support Fuchen. Zhimao held Fenghuang Mountain in Xihe. Jinbao led troops against him, but on first contact our army was defeated; that night Zhimao's troops attacked again. Jinbao by stratagem surrounded them, drove them in distress to Dangjia Mountain, and they broke utterly—many fell from the cliffs to their death. In the fifteenth year he was promoted to Shaanxi provincial military commissioner, still concurrently commanding Xining, and stationed at Qinzhou. Zhimao advanced to hold Beishan and cut the routes to Lintao and Gongchang. Jinbao and General Funiye divided their forces to relieve them, defeated the enemy, and captured their general Xu Daren. They fought at Luojia Fort and again at Yanguan Pass, winning repeatedly. Zhimao gathered more than ten thousand fugitive troops at Tiejia Gorge and Hongshan Fort, built stockades behind dense stakes, and secretly sent men out to haul fodder and grain. Jinbao sent troops to break the rebels at Mudan Garden and seized their grain and weapons. Grand General Tu Hai advanced on Pingliang. Fuchen led the Sichuan rebel general Tan Hong to invade Tongwei. Jinbao led several dozen horsemen in through the eastern pass. Hearing that General Heye had been defeated and the enemy was spreading, he ordered his troops to fell trees and drag them along as they marched, raising a great dust cloud. The enemy fled in alarm, and they pursued and killed them for several tens of li. Dividing his forces to press the attack, he recovered Jingning, and Pingliang then fell. In the sixth month the army halted at Lemen. They had barely pitched camp when Zhimao's troops attacked. Jinbao directed an encircling assault and killed several of their subordinate generals. Joining Funiye again, they fought repeatedly and won. Zhimao escaped with only a dozen or so horsemen. Pingyuan and Guyuan were all pacified. When achievements were assessed he was granted a second-class ashanihaqan. The Emperor praised Jinbao's loyalty and righteousness, advanced him to first class, appointed him General Who Inspires Awe, and left him in command of the Pingliang armies as provincial military commissioner.

十七年，复慶陽，斬其將袁本秀。十八年，圖海議取漢中。圖海與總兵費雅達自棧道先驅，進寶疏乞令長子用予隨徵，上授以副將。師進次寶雞，進寶遣用予擊賊紅花鋪，大敗之，克鳳、兩當二縣。復進次武關，令用予將偏師繞出關後，進寶督兵夜斬關入，獲其將羅朝興等。復進奪雞頭關，直趨漢中，屏籓率其眾自青石關走廣元，進寶遣兵追擊，其將楊永祚、孫啟耀來降，遂盡复漢中地。時趙良棟亦克略陽，命分道定四川。將軍吳丹、鄂克濟哈率滿洲兵繼進，進寶自青石關進次神宣驛，督兵奪朝天關，疾馳進，拔廣元。屏籓走保寧。

In the seventeenth year he recovered Qingyang and beheaded the rebel general Yuan Benxiu. In the eighteenth year Tu Hai planned to take Hanzhong. Tu Hai and regional commander Fei Yada led the vanguard by the plank road. Jinbao memorialized asking that his eldest son Yongzi join the campaign, and the Emperor appointed Yongzi deputy commander. The army advanced to Baoji. Jinbao sent Yongzi to attack the rebels at Honghua Post, routed them heavily, and took Feng and Liangdang counties. Advancing again they halted at Wuguan. Jinbao ordered Yongzi to take a detached force around behind the pass while he himself led troops to storm the pass by night, capturing their generals Luo Chaoxing and others. Advancing again they seized Jitou Pass and pressed straight on Hanzhong. Pingfan led his forces from Qingstone Pass toward Guangyuan. Jinbao sent troops in pursuit. His generals Yang Yongzuo and Sun Qiyao surrendered, and Hanzhong was wholly recovered. At that time Zhao Liangdong also took Lüeyang. They were ordered to pacify Sichuan by separate routes. Generals Wu Dan and Ekejieha led Manchu troops in support. Jinbao advanced from Qingstone Pass to Shenxuan Post, directed the capture of Chaotian Pass, galloped forward, and took Guangyuan. Pingfan fled to Baoning.

十九年，分兵趨保寧，距城二十里當孔道立營，屏籓以二萬人出戰，進寶督兵奮擊，大破之。追至錦屏山，連拔賊壘，奪浮橋。薄城，守兵貫弓注矢，進寶披襟示之曰：「何不射我？」守兵皆驚愕。用予斬門入，進寶戢諸軍毋驚井裡，皆曰：「此仁義將軍也！」屏籓與其將陳君極縊焉，獲之茂與其將張起龍、郭天春等十七人，誅之。分部諸將及次子用賓复昭化，劍州、蒼溪、蓬州、廣安、合州、西充、岳池諸州縣悉定。

In the nineteenth year they divided forces toward Baoning and encamped twenty li from the city on the main road. Pingfan came out with twenty thousand men to fight. Jinbao directed a fierce assault and routed them utterly. Pursuing to Jinping Mountain, they took rebel strongpoints in succession and seized the pontoon bridge. Pressing the city, the defenders bent their bows and nocked arrows. Jinbao threw open his robe and showed himself, saying, "Why do you not shoot me?" The defenders were all startled. Yongzi cut through the gate and entered. Jinbao restrained his troops from disturbing the wards and lanes, and all said, "This is a general of benevolence and righteousness!" Pingfan and his general Chen Junji hanged themselves. They captured Zhimao and his generals Zhang Qilong, Guo Tianchun, and seventeen others, and executed them. He detached his generals and his second son Yongbin to recover Zhaohua. Jianzhou, Cangxi, Pengzhou, Guang'an, Hezhou, Xichong, Yuechi, and other prefectures and counties were all pacified.

時良棟已克成都，授雲貴總督，移軍下雲南。詔進寶留鎮四川，駐保寧。擢用予松潘總兵。進寶疏稱疾乞休，命還固原就醫，即令用予護諸軍駐保寧。尋改用予固原總兵。良棟檄川、陝諸軍從征，進寶疏言所屬諸軍宜留鎮守，請停撥遣，從之。三桂將胡國柱、夏國相等自貴州入四川，譚弘既降复叛，陷建昌。良棟疏劾進寶，進寶言方臥疾，固原、建昌之陷，罪在良棟，詔趣進寶還保寧護諸軍。敘功，進三等精奇尼哈番，用予加左都督，授拖沙喇哈番。二十年，三桂將馬寶犯敘州，用予擊卻之，並復納溪、江安、仁懷、合江諸縣，降其將何德成等，寶竄還雲南。上命用予率所部駐永寧。

By then Liangdong had already taken Chengdu, been appointed governor-general of Yunnan-Guizhou, and moved his army down into Yunnan. An edict ordered Jinbao to remain and garrison Sichuan, stationed at Baoning. Yongzi was promoted to regional commander of Songpan. Jinbao memorialized claiming illness and asking to retire. He was ordered back to Guyuan for treatment, and Yongzi was immediately ordered to command the armies at Baoning. Yongzi was soon reassigned regional commander of Guyuan. Liangdong ordered the Sichuan and Shaanxi armies to join the campaign. Jinbao memorialized that the troops under his command ought to remain on garrison duty and asked that they not be requisitioned. His request was granted. Wu Sangui's generals Hu Guozhu and Xia Guoxiang and others entered Sichuan from Guizhou. Tan Hong, who had already surrendered, rebelled again and seized Jianchang. Liangdong memorialized to impeach Jinbao. Jinbao replied that he was then bedridden, and that the fall of Guyuan and Jianchang was Liangdong's fault. An edict urged Jinbao to return to Baoning to command the armies. When achievements were assessed, Jinbao was advanced to third-class jingqi nihaqan. Yongzi was promoted to Left Regional Commander and granted toshala haqan. In the twentieth year Wu Sangui's general Ma Bao invaded Yizhou. Yongzi drove him back, recovered Naxi, Jiang'an, Renhuai, Hejiang, and other counties, and induced their generals He Decheng and others to surrender. Bao fled back to Yunnan. The Emperor ordered Yongzi to lead his command to garrison Yongning.

二十一年，雲南平，進寶入覲，良棟亦詣京師，命王大臣發還互劾章奏，並宣諭：「二臣功績並茂，欲矜全保護之；私忿攻訐，不諳大體，皆置不問。」語互詳良棟傳。賚服物，還鎮。二十三年，疾甚乞休，時用予已調太原總兵，命偕太醫馳驛視疾。尋移甘肅總兵，俾便奉侍。二十四年，進寶卒，贈太子太保，賜祭葬，諡忠勇。用予襲爵，進二等，尋卒官。乾隆三十三年，命世襲罔替。四十七年，進一等，用賓授侍衛。進寶所部多材武，王萬祥尤著。

In the twenty-first year Yunnan was pacified. Jinbao came to court and Liangdong also went to the capital. A prince-minister was ordered to return their mutual impeachment memorials and proclaim: "The achievements of both ministers are abundant alike, and We wish to show mercy and protect them both; their private animosities and mutual attacks show no grasp of the larger interest, and all are set aside without inquiry." The full account is given in Liangdong's biography. They were bestowed robes and other gifts and returned to their commands. In the twenty-third year, gravely ill, he asked to retire. Yongzi had by then been transferred to regional commander of Taiyuan. The Emperor ordered him to accompany an imperial physician by urgent relay to attend his father. Yongzi was soon moved to regional commander of Gansu so that he could conveniently attend his father. In the twenty-fourth year Jinbao died. He was posthumously granted Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, granted state funeral honors, and given the posthumous name Zhongyong. Yongzi inherited the rank, which was advanced to second class. He soon died in office. In the thirty-third year of Qianlong perpetual hereditary succession was ordered. In the forty-seventh year the rank was advanced to first class. Yongbin was appointed imperial bodyguard. Many of Jinbao's subordinates were skilled fighters; Wang Wanxiang was especially notable.

萬祥，字瑞宇，會寧人。幼喪父母，依其戚郭氏，從其姓。進寶官游擊，應募入伍，屢當軍鋒。積功至副將。攻蘭州，萬祥請先取臨洮，進寶率兵以夜半至城下。萬祥見城有缺，令裨將閻潤先登，縋萬祥上，數十人從，守者驚覺，發矢石。萬祥語眾曰：「今欲退無路，惟有猛進！」手刃數人，眾繼上，遂克臨洮。

Wanxiang, courtesy name Ruiyu, was a native of Huining. Orphaned young of both parents, he was raised by his kinsman the Guo clan and took their surname. When Jinbao was brigade commander, Wanxiang enrolled in the ranks and repeatedly took the brunt of battle. By accumulated merit he rose to deputy regional commander. In the attack on Lanzhou, Wanxiang urged taking Lintao first. Jinbao led troops to the foot of the wall at midnight. Wanxiang saw a breach in the wall and ordered subordinate commander Yan Run to ascend first. They hauled Wanxiang up, and several dozen men followed. The defenders awoke in alarm and rained down arrows and stones. Wanxiang said to the men, "If we retreat now there is no way out. We can only press forward with all our might!" He killed several men with his own hand. The rest followed, and Lintao was taken.

寧夏兵變，軍中流言洶洶，萬祥告進寶。翌日，陽引兵退，而置伏以待。敵來追，伏起，敵大敗。俄，至者益眾，萬祥中矢，手拔，戰益奮，左輔又創，仍力戰，敵乃潰奔，克通渭。進寶憤城人通賊，將悉按誅之，萬祥諫而止。攻漢中，將二千四百人斷敵運道，敵棄寨，屯八角原，復攻之下。土寇起，擊斬其渠。拔鳳縣，分兵取兩當。雪夜進攻武關，擒其將劉哈性。戰閻王碥，用予陷圍中，萬祥馳援，傷右股，還固原療治。進寶為疏請復姓，授定海總兵，調興化。台灣定，復調台灣，擢福建陸路提督。卒，贈太子少保，諡壯敏。

When Ningxia troops mutinied, rumors ran wild through the army. Wanxiang informed Jinbao. The next day he feigned withdrawal, led his troops back, and set ambushes to wait. When the enemy pursued, the ambush struck and they were routed. Soon reinforcements swelled. Wanxiang took an arrow, pulled it out by hand, and fought all the harder; the left wing was hit again, yet he pressed on until the enemy broke and fled and Tongwei was taken. Jinbao was furious that locals had aided the rebels and was about to execute them all; Wanxiang dissuaded him and the punishment was halted. Attacking Hanzhong, he led twenty-four hundred men to sever the enemy supply line. The enemy abandoned their camp and held Bajiao Plain; he attacked again and captured it. When local bandits rose, he attacked and beheaded their leader. He captured Feng County and sent detachments to take Liangdang. On a snowy night he stormed Wuguan and captured the rebel general Liu Haxing. At Yanwang Ridge, Yongzi was surrounded; Wanxiang rode to his relief, was wounded in the right thigh, and returned to Guyuan to recover. Jinbao memorialized to restore Wanxiang's original surname. He was appointed regional commander of Dinghai and transferred to Xinghua. After Taiwan was pacified, he was posted back to Taiwan and promoted to Fujian land-route provincial commander. He died and was posthumously granted Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous name Zhuangmin.

孫思克，字藎臣，漢軍正白旗人。父得功，以明游擊降太祖，有功，附金玉和傳。思克其次子也。初授王府護衛。順治八年，管牛錄額真，並授刑部理事官。十一年，遷甲喇額真。從軍，自湖南下貴州、雲南，轉戰有功。康熙二年，擢甘肅總兵，駐涼州。

Sun Sike, courtesy name Jinchen, was a Han Bannerman of the Plain White Banner. His father Defu, a Ming guerrilla commander who surrendered to Taizu, distinguished himself; his career is recorded in Jin Yuhe's biography. Sike was his second son. He was first appointed a guard in a princely household. In the eighth year of Shunzhi he headed a niru and was also appointed a case officer of the Board of Punishments. In the eleventh year he was promoted to jalan ejen. He took the field, advancing from Hunan into Guizhou and Yunnan, and earned distinction in repeated campaigns. In the second year of Kangxi he was promoted to regional commander of Gansu and stationed at Liangzhou.

五年，厄魯特蒙古徙牧大草灘，慰遣之。不受命，戰於定羌廟，敗去，揚言將分道入邊為寇。思克與提督張勇疏請用兵，廷議不可輕啟兵釁，令嚴防邊境，撫卹番人。思克乃偕勇修築邊牆，首扁都口西水關，至嘉峪關止，於是厄魯特蒙古入邊牧者皆徙走。思克遍視南山諸險隘，分兵固禦，乃益敕軍紀，簡將才，汰冗卒，覈餉糈，剔蠹蝕，戢兵安民，疆圉敉寧。總督盧崇峻以聞，加右都督。

In the fifth year Oirat Mongols moved their herds to Dacaotan; he reassured them and urged them to withdraw. They refused to obey. He fought them at Dingqiang Temple and drove them off; they then threatened to raid the frontier by several routes. Sike and provincial commander Zhang Yong memorialized for military action, but the court ruled against provoking war and ordered strict frontier defense and conciliation of the tribes. Sike then joined Yong in building the frontier wall from Biandukou and Xishuiguan west to Jiayuguan, after which Oirat Mongols grazing inside the border all withdrew. Sike inspected the southern mountain passes and posted troops to hold them. He tightened discipline, picked able officers, cut redundant troops, audited supplies, rooted out corruption, kept the army in check and reassured the people, and the frontier was quieted. Governor-general Lu Chongjun reported his achievements, and Sike was promoted to Right Commissioner-in-Chief.

十三年，提督王輔臣以平涼叛應吳三桂，臨洮、鞏昌皆附，蘭州亦陷。總督哈占檄思克赴援，思克率師道阿壩紅水蘆塘至索橋，結筏渡河，克靖遠，附近諸城堡悉下。厄魯特墨爾根台吉乘隙毀隘，入為寇，副將陳達陣沒。思克乃留參將劉選勝等守靖遠，率師還涼州，墨爾根台吉引去。高台黃番復入邊為寇，攻圍暖泉、順德諸堡。思克率師赴甘州，黃番亦遠遁，乃復渡河而東，與勇會師。疏言所部兵自草地往來勞苦，乞恩加犒賞，上特許之。

In the thirteenth year provincial commander Wang Fuchen rebelled at Pingliang for Wu Sangui; Lintao and Gongchang went over to him, and Lanzhou fell as well. Governor-general Hazhan ordered Sike to the relief. Sike marched through Aba, Hongshui, and Lutang to Suoqiao, rafted the river, took Jingyuan, and reduced the neighboring forts. The Oirat Mo'ergen Taiji seized the chance to destroy passes and raid the border; deputy commander Chen Da was killed in battle. Sike left brigade commander Liu Xuansheng and others to hold Jingyuan and marched back to Liangzhou; Mo'ergen Taiji then withdrew. The Huangfan of Gaotai again raided the frontier and besieged Nuanquan, Shunde, and other forts. Sike marched to Ganzhou and the Huangfan fled. He then crossed the river again to the east and joined Zhang Yong. He memorialized that his men had suffered hardship marching through the grasslands and asked for an extra reward; the Emperor granted it.

思克會勇圍鞏昌，時大將軍貝勒洞鄂攻秦州未下，三桂遣兵自四川至，營南山上，勢方張。檄思克率二千人自鞏昌赴援，壁州西，與相持。輔臣將陳萬策等詣思克降，巴三綱遁走，遂克秦州。南山寇潰竄，思克與將軍佛尼埒等追擊，敗之閻關，復禮縣；复敗之西和，奪門入，斬所置吏，清水、伏羌諸縣皆下。復還軍鞏昌，遣萬策等入城諭輔臣將陳可等，以鞏昌十七州縣降。河東悉定。

Sike joined Yong in besieging Gongchang. Grand General Prince Dong'e was still unable to take Qinzhou; Wu Sangui sent troops from Sichuan to camp on South Mountain, and rebel strength was growing. Sike was ordered to lead two thousand men from Gongchang to reinforce Qinzhou. He encamped west of Bizhou and held the enemy at bay. Fuchen's generals Chen Wance and others surrendered to Sike; Ba Sangang fled, and Qinzhou was taken. The rebels on South Mountain broke and fled. Sike and General Fonile pursued, defeated them at Yanguan, and recovered Li County; defeated them again at Xihe, stormed the gates, beheaded the officials they had installed, and Qingshui, Fuqiang, and the other counties all fell. He marched back to Gongchang and sent Wance and others into the city to win over Fuchen's generals Chen Ke and the rest; the seventeen prefectures and counties of the Gongchang region surrendered. The whole region east of the river was pacified.

乃會攻平涼，思克率師出靜寧，擊敗輔臣將李國梁，斬級五百，獲裨將三，復其城。進次華亭，輔臣將高鼎率裨將二十八、兵千餘，迎降。遂至平涼，與貝勒洞鄂師會。城兵出戰，思克徒步督所部當賊，戰南山，戰城北，八戰輒勝。又為九覆，敗賊南郭外。賊阻我軍掘壕，思克揮兵急擊，賊退复逼者三，皆敗去。攻涇州白起寨，揮兵先登，克寨，獲輔臣將李茂。又敗之甲子峪，敗之馬營子、麻布嶺，洞鄂上其功。十五年，圖海代洞鄂督師，至城北虎山墩度形勢，並偵通固原道。賊伏兵萬餘猝起，思克急擊之，逐北十餘里，被巨創。輔臣乞降，思克還涼州。詔褒思克功，擢涼州提督，授世職一等阿達哈哈番。思克疏謝，因言：「虎山墩之戰，賊斫臣右臂，傷筋骨。今已成殘疾，乞解任回旗。」溫旨慰留。十六年，敘功，進三等阿思哈尼哈番。噶爾丹為亂，諸蒙古徙入邊擾民，思克與勇遣兵驅之，乃去。

They then converged on Pingliang. Sike marched from Jingning, defeated Fuchen's general Li Guoliang, took five hundred heads and three subordinate commanders, and recovered the city. Advancing to Huating, Fuchen's general Gao Ding came out with twenty-eight subordinate commanders and more than a thousand men to surrender. He then reached Pingliang and joined Prince Dong'e's forces. The garrison sallied forth. Sike directed his men on foot on South Mountain and north of the wall; in eight engagements he was victorious every time. He set nine ambushes and routed the rebels outside the south gate. The rebels tried to stop our troops from digging trenches. Sike led fierce counterattacks; three times they fell back and pressed in again, and each time were beaten off. Attacking Baiqi stockade in Jingzhou, he led the assault, took the stockade, and captured Fuchen's general Li Mao. He defeated them again at Jiazi Valley and at Mayingzi and Mabuling; Dong'e commended his achievements. In the fifteenth year Tu Hai replaced Dong'e as commander, inspected the ground at Hushan Mound north of the city, and reconnoitered the route to Guyuan. More than ten thousand rebel ambushers sprang up. Sike counterattacked at once, pursued them more than ten li, and was badly wounded. Fuchen sued for surrender, and Sike returned to Liangzhou. An edict praised Sike's achievements. He was promoted to Liangzhou provincial commander and granted the hereditary rank of first-class ada hahafan. Sike memorialized his thanks and said, "At Hushan Mound the rebels hacked my right arm and injured the sinews and bone. I am now crippled and beg to be relieved and return to the Banner." A gracious edict comforted him and kept him in office. In the sixteenth year his merit was reviewed and he was advanced to third-class ashan i hafan. When Galdan rebelled, Mongols drifted into the borderlands to harass the people; Sike and Yong sent troops to drive them out.

十八年，上敕圖海合諸軍下四川，定四道進兵，思克與將軍畢力克圖出略陽。會京師地震，詔內外大臣陳所見。思克疏言：「漢中、興安山嶺紆險，賊劃斷要隘，師未能直入。綠旗兵不盡強壯，馬又多羸瘦，滿洲兵亦無多。若各路調取，又恐地偪番夷，秋高馬肥，乘機思逞。秦地多山，土不生秔稻，採買麥豆，用民負載馱運，餽運維艱。諸軍聞京師地震，傾壞房屋，壓斃人口，各有內顧憂。不若今秋暫緩出師，選強壯，飼戰馬，俟來春再議進兵。」上命學士拉隆禮至涼州宣諭詰責，思克引罪。與畢力克圖率師攻階州，進克文成、沔諸縣。上命思克還涼州。尋以總督哈佔奏，移駐莊浪。二十年，慶陽民耿飛糾番酋達爾嘉濟農等為亂，犯河州，思克與勇遣兵討平之。二十二年，追論請緩師罪，罷提督，奪世職，仍留總兵。二十三年，复授甘肅提督。

In the eighteenth year the Emperor ordered Tu Hai to unite the armies for the Sichuan campaign along four routes; Sike and General Biliketu advanced from Lueyang. An earthquake struck the capital, and the Emperor ordered ministers at court and in the provinces to submit their views. Sike memorialized, "The mountains of Hanzhong and Xing'an are winding and dangerous; the rebels hold the key passes, and our forces cannot advance directly. The Green Standard troops are not all fit, many horses are weak, and Manchu forces are few. If we strip troops from every route, I fear the tribes on our flanks will take advantage when autumn comes and their horses are strong. Qin is mountainous and grows little rice; we must buy wheat and beans and haul them on men's backs and pack animals, so supply is very hard. The troops heard of the capital earthquake, of houses collapsed and people killed, and each man worried for home. It would be better to pause this autumn, pick the strongest men, rest the horses, and discuss a new advance next spring." The Emperor sent Academician Lalongli to Liangzhou to rebuke him, and Sike confessed his fault. With Biliketu he attacked Jiezhou and took Wencheng, Mian, and other counties. The Emperor ordered Sike back to Liangzhou. Soon, on governor-general Hazhan's recommendation, he was posted to Zhuanglang. In the twentieth year the Qingyang commoner Geng Fei stirred up the tribal chief Darjiajinong and others to rebel and attack Hezhou; Sike and Yong sent troops and put the rising down. In the twenty-second year he was punished for urging delay of the campaign: dismissed as provincial commander and stripped of his hereditary rank, but kept on as regional commander. In the twenty-third year he was again appointed Gansu provincial commander.

二十九年，學士達瑚、郎中桑格使西域歸，至嘉峪關外，為西海阿奇羅卜藏所劫。思克遣游擊硃應祥誘質其宰桑，達瑚等乃得返。又遣副將潘育龍、游擊韓成率師討之，斬四百餘級，阿奇羅卜藏敗走。復使詰責西海諸台吉，諸台吉懼，籍阿奇羅卜藏家償所掠。思克疏請免窮治，上嘉思克籌畫合宜，如其請。

In the twenty-ninth year Academician Dahu and Director Sangge, returning from the Western Regions, were robbed outside Jiayuguan by the Xihai chief Aqiluobuzang. Sike sent guerrilla commander Zhu Yingxiang to seize a zaisang hostage; Dahu and his party were then able to return. He then sent deputy commander Pan Yulong and guerrilla commander Han Cheng against them; they took more than four hundred heads and Aqiluobuzang fled in defeat. He sent envoys to rebuke the Xihai taiji; frightened, they seized Aqiluobuzang's property to make restitution. Sike asked that no further prosecution be pursued; the Emperor praised his judgment and granted the request.

三十年，疏言：「噶爾丹巢穴距邊三十餘程，其從子策妄阿喇布坦在西套住牧。雖叔侄為仇，慮其復合，侵掠西海，道必經嘉峪關外。今設副將，威望未尊，兵不盈千，不足資控禦。請設總兵一、兵三千，以固邊圉。甘肅地瘠民貧，布種收穫，與腹地迥別。縱遇豐年，輸將國賦，僅贍八口，並無蓋藏。兵馬糧料，不敷供支。宜於河西要地，屯積糧草。本地無糧可買，輓運又恐勞民。請開事例，捐納加級、紀錄、職監。俟邊儲稍充，即行停止。」三十一年，加太子少保，予世職拜他喇布勒哈番。疏乞休，复慰留。加振武將軍。

In the thirtieth year he memorialized, "Galdan's base lies more than thirty stages from the border; his nephew Tsewang Rabtan pastures in the western banners. Though uncle and nephew are enemies, I fear they may reunite and raid the Xihai by a route that must pass outside Jiayuguan. A deputy commander is posted there now, but his standing is low and he has fewer than a thousand men, too few to hold the line. I ask for one regional commander and three thousand troops to strengthen the frontier. Gansu is poor and thinly productive; planting and harvest differ greatly from the interior. Even in a good year, after paying taxes a household can barely feed eight mouths and has nothing laid by. Provisions for troops and horses fall short. Grain and fodder should be stockpiled at key points in Hexi. There is little grain to buy locally, and hauling supplies in would overburden the people. I ask to open contributions for office sales, promotions, merit records, and supervisory posts. Once frontier stores are replenished, the scheme should be stopped." In the thirty-first year he was made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and granted the hereditary rank of baitalaburu hafan. He asked to retire; again the Emperor comforted him and kept him in office. He was made Zhenwu General.

三十二年，噶爾丹為亂，命內大臣郎岱率禁旅出駐寧夏，以思克為參贊。三十五年，上親征，大將軍費揚古當西路，思克率師出寧夏，與會於翁金。上駐蹕克魯倫河，噶爾丹遁去，費揚古督兵邀擊，戰於昭莫多。思克將綠旗兵居中，與諸軍並力奮戰，大破之，逐北三十餘里，噶爾丹引數騎走。詔褒諭，召詣京師，命侍衛迎勞，御製詩，書箑以賜。入對暢春園，賜綏懷堂額及端罩、四團龍補服、孔雀翎、衣冠、鞍馬，並賚從入京師官兵糧料。命駐肅州，诇噶爾丹踪跡。三十七年，敘功，加拖沙喇哈番。三十九年，以病乞休，遣醫往視，仍命留任養疴。尋卒，贈太子太保，賜祭葬，諡襄武。喪還京師，命皇長子允禔臨奠。

In the thirty-second year, when Galdan rebelled, the Emperor ordered Inner Minister Langdai to lead the Forbidden Brigade to Ningxia, with Sike as his deputy. In the thirty-fifth year the Emperor campaigned in person. Grand General Fei Yanggu commanded the western route; Sike marched from Ningxia and joined him at Wengjin. The Emperor halted on the Kerulen. Galdan fled; Fei Yanggu moved to intercept and fought at Jao Modo. Sike led the Green Standard troops in the center; all the armies fought together and routed the enemy, pursuing them more than thirty li as Galdan fled with only a few horsemen. An edict praised him and summoned him to the capital. Guards were sent to welcome him; the Emperor composed a poem and wrote it on a fan as a gift. He was received at the Garden of Exuberant Spring and given the hall name Suihuai Tang, a formal surcoat, four-dragon rank insignia, a peacock feather, robes, hat, saddle, and horse; rations were also granted to the officers and men who had accompanied him to the capital. He was ordered to garrison at Suzhou and track Galdan's movements. In the thirty-seventh year his merit was reviewed and he was advanced to tosoro hafan. In the thirty-ninth year he asked to retire on grounds of illness; a physician was sent to attend him, but he was ordered to remain in office and convalesce. He died soon after. He was posthumously made Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent, granted state funeral honors, and given the posthumous title Xiangwu. When his remains were brought to the capital, the emperor ordered the eldest imperial son Yin Zhi to preside at the funeral rites.

思克鎮邊久，威惠孚洽。喪還自甘州，至潼關，凡道所經，軍民號泣相送。上聞狀，歎曰：「使思克平昔居官不善，何以得此？」進世職一等阿思哈尼哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。乾隆四年，定封一等男。三十二年，命世襲罔替。曾孫慶成，自有傳。

Sike had long commanded the frontier, where his authority and kindness won universal trust. As his coffin was borne from Ganzhou to Tongguan, soldiers and civilians along the entire route wept aloud in farewell. When the emperor heard this, he sighed and said, "If Sike had not governed well in ordinary times, how could he have won such devotion?" His descendants' hereditary rank was advanced to first-class ashan i haqan with the additional grant of toshala haqan. In the fourth year of Qianlong the family was fixed in rank as first-class baron. In the thirty-second year perpetual inheritance of the title was granted. His great-grandson Qingcheng has a separate biography.

馬進良，甘肅西寧人。初入伍，隸思克軍。從攻平涼，輔臣拒戰，賊斫思克手。進良聞之，曰：「斫我總兵手，我必殺之！」乃入賊陣，逐斫思克手者殺之，身被數創。敘功，累遷游擊。思克請補中軍參將，格部議，上特允之。复再遷，授古北口總兵。上徵噶爾丹，命將千五百人從。擢直隸提督，諭獎飭營伍，訓練嚴明。中軍參將缺，上特授其子龍。尋以老乞休。卒，賜祭葬，諡襄毅。

Ma Jinliang came from Xining in Gansu. He first enlisted and served under Sike. During the assault on Pingliang, Fuchen fought back, and a rebel blade cut Sike's hand. When Jinliang heard this, he cried, "He struck my commander — I will kill him!" He charged into the enemy ranks, hunted down the man who had struck Sike, and killed him, though he himself took several wounds. His services were recognized and he rose in succession to guerrilla commander. Sike asked that he be made brigade commander of the central army. The ministry objected, but the emperor personally approved. He was promoted again and appointed regional commander of Gubeikou. When the emperor campaigned against Galdan, he was ordered to bring fifteen hundred men. He was promoted to provincial commander of Zhili. An edict praised him for keeping his camps in order and training them with exemplary discipline. When the brigade commander's post fell vacant, the emperor specially appointed his son Long. He soon asked to retire on account of age. At his death he was granted state funeral honors and the posthumous title Xiangyi.

論曰：世稱河西四將，以勇為冠，忠勇篤誠，識拔裨佐，同時至專閫，奉指揮維謹。高宗許為古名將，允哉！良棟、進寶，轉戰定四川，進寶實首功，乃忼爽多所忤，聖祖力全之，始以功名終。進寶亦與良棟齟齬，不令並下雲南，怏怏稱疾，命其子代將。思克請緩師，雖不得與良棟、進寶同功，仍俾坐鎮，皆聖祖馭將之略也。思克戰功微不逮，而惓惓愛民，可謂知本矣。 </onlyinclude>

The historian remarks: The age called them the four generals of Hexi, with Yong foremost — loyal, brave, and sincere, skilled at raising subordinates from the ranks. They rose together to independent command and obeyed orders with scrupulous care. Emperor Gaozong acknowledged them as generals in the mold of antiquity — and rightly so. Liangdong and Jinbao fought through Sichuan to its pacification. Jinbao in truth bore the chief merit, yet he was forthright and often gave offense. The Kangxi emperor exerted himself to preserve him, and he was able to end his career in honor. Jinbao also clashed with Liangdong. Not permitted to march into Yunnan alongside him, he took offense, pleaded illness, and had his son take command in his place. Sike urged delaying the advance. Though he could not share equal glory with Liangdong and Jinbao, he was still left in command — all part of the Kangxi emperor's art of managing his generals. Sike's battlefield achievements were somewhat less, yet he cared earnestly for the people — in that he knew what truly mattered. End of included section.

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