1
=蔡毓榮=蔡毓榮，字仁庵，漢軍正白旗人。 父士英，初籍錦州。 從祖大壽來降，授世職牛錄章京。 從轉戰有功。 順治間，累遷至右副都御使。 出為江西巡撫，疏陳兵後荒蕪，請除荒田賦額十萬八千五百四十頃有奇； 又以瑞、袁二府科糧偏重，疏請蠲瑞屬浮糧九萬九千餘石，定袁屬賦額自一斗六升七八合減至九升三合：皆得請。 又疏論銅塘封禁山不宜開採，咸為民所頌。 尋改漕運總督，加兵部尚書，以疾告歸。 十三年，卒，諡襄敏。
Cai Yurong, styled Ren'an, belonged to the Hanjun Plain White Banner. His father Shiying was originally domiciled in Jinzhou. He followed his kinsman Zu Dashou in submitting to the Qing and was granted the hereditary rank of company captain. He distinguished himself in successive campaigns. Under Shunzhi he rose through successive appointments to Right Vice Censor-in-Chief. Appointed governor of Jiangxi, he memorialized on the devastation left by the wars and asked that tax quotas on more than 108,540 qing of abandoned fields be cancelled; He also argued that grain quotas in Rui and Yuan prefectures were unduly heavy, sought remission of more than 99,000 shi of excess levies in Rui, and had Yuan assessments cut from about 1.67 dou per mu to 0.93 dou; all these requests were approved. He further argued that the sealed Tongtang hills should not be mined, measures the people widely praised. He was soon made Grand Canal transport governor with the concurrent rank of Minister of War, then retired owing to illness. In the thirteenth year of the reign he died and was posthumously titled Xiangmin.
2
毓榮，其次子也。 初授佐領，兼刑部郎中。 尋授御史，兼參領，遷秘書院學士。 康熙初，授侍郎，歷刑、吏二部。 九年，授四川湖廣總督，駐荊州。 累疏言：「四川民少田荒，請廣招開墾。 招民三百戶，予議敘，墾田五年，起科」； 「四川衝要營員用沿邊例題補」； 「移駐官兵子弟得入籍應試」。 並下部議行。
Yurong was Shiying's second son. He was first made an assistant banner captain while also serving as a secretary in the Ministry of Punishments. He was soon appointed censor and deputy banner commander, then promoted to Secretariat academician. Early in Kangxi he became a vice minister and served in turn in the Ministries of Punishments and Personnel. In the ninth year he was made governor-general of Sichuan and Huguang with his headquarters at Jingzhou. He repeatedly memorialized: "Sichuan has too few people and too much fallow land; we should recruit settlers on a broad scale. Recruit three hundred households and grant merit consideration; after five years of cultivation, begin taxation"; "Fill key Sichuan garrison posts under the frontier appointment rules"; "Let children of relocated garrison troops register locally and take the civil examinations." All proposals were sent to the ministries for review and implementation.
3
十二年，吳三桂反，毓榮遣沅州總兵崔世祿率兵入貴州，夷陵總兵徐治都、永州總兵李芝蘭繼進，上命速遣提督桑額守沅州。 尋授順承郡王勒爾錦為大將軍，率八旗兵討三桂，駐荊州，諭毓榮督餉。 十三年，分設四川總督，命毓榮專督湖廣，以招民墾荒功，加兵部尚書。 三桂破沅州，世祿降。 常德、澧州、長沙、岳州相繼陷。 部議毓榮當奪官，命留任。 尋居父喪，命在任守制，督綠旗兵進剿。 毓榮令副將胡士英等分防江口。 叛將楊來嘉據南漳，屢出掠，令襄陽總兵劉成龍御之，戰屢勝。 廣西提督馬雄降三桂，騰書兩廣總督金光祖，言毓榮將率綠營兵赴岳州降三桂。 光祖密使告毓榮，毓榮以聞，請解任，命殫心供職，毋以反間引嫌。
In the twelfth year Wu Sangui rose in rebellion. Yurong sent Yuanzhou commander Cui Shilu into Guizhou, with Yiling commander Xu Zhidu and Yongzhou commander Li Zhilan advancing behind him; the emperor ordered Grand Coordinator Sang'e sent at once to hold Yuanzhou. Prince Shuncheng Le'erjin was soon appointed grand general to lead the Eight Banners against Sangui from Jingzhou, with orders that Yurong supervise provisions. In the thirteenth year Sichuan received its own governor-general while Yurong was left in charge of Huguang alone; for recruiting settlers to open wasteland he was given the concurrent rank of Minister of War. Sangui took Yuanzhou and Shilu surrendered. Changde, Lizhou, Changsha, and Yuezhou then fell one after another. The ministries recommended stripping Yurong of office, but the throne ordered him to remain in post. He soon entered mourning for his father but was ordered to observe filial rites without leaving office while leading Green Standard forces against the rebels. Yurong had Deputy Generals Hu Shiying and others divide the defense of the river mouths. Rebel general Yang Laijia held Nanzhang and raided repeatedly; Yurong sent Xiangyang commander Liu Chenglong against him, who won battle after battle. Guangxi commander Ma Xiong defected to Sangui and wrote secretly to Guangdong-Guangxi governor Jin Guangzu claiming Yurong would lead his Green troops to Yuezhou to join Sangui. Guangzu warned Yurong in secret; Yurong reported the matter and asked to be relieved, but was told to serve wholeheartedly and not let enemy disinformation sow doubt.
4
十四年，勒爾錦請增綠旗兵援、剿二營，領以兩副將，命毓榮統轄。 十七年，毓榮督造戰艦成，率綠旗兵五千，從大將軍貝勒尚善進攻岳州，與討逆將軍鄂納等以舟八百餘入洞庭湖，擊三桂兵，大敗之，發砲沈其舟，殲寇甚眾。 遣將艤君山，載土伐木塞諸港。 分兵屯三眼橋、七里山，絕寇轉糧道。 寇犯我糧艘，夾擊，復大敗之，斬級千餘。 會三桂死，其孫世璠以喪還。 師克岳州，進定長沙、衡州。 十八年，疏言：「湖南境惟辰州尚為三桂守。 楓木嶺、神龍岡兩道皆險隘。 我師疲頓，當小休。 俟糧草克繼，會師進攻。」 上命給事中摩羅、郎中伊爾格圖傳諭曰：「賊敗遁負險，宜用綠旗步兵。 毓榮所屬官兵強壯，不難攻取險隘，剿除餘寇。 其具方略以聞。」 毓榮疏請專責一人，總統諸路綠旗兵水陸並進，上即授毓榮綏遠將軍，賜敕，總統綠旗兵，總督董衛國、周有德、提督趙賴等並受節制。 十九年，督兵分道出楓木嶺、辰龍關，水師並進，克辰州，再進克沅州，並復瀘溪、溆浦、麻陽諸縣。
In the fourteenth year Le'erjin asked for two more Green Banner battalions for relief and suppression, each under a deputy general, with Yurong placed in overall command. In the seventeenth year, after the warships he supervised were finished, Yurong led five thousand Green Standard troops with Grand General Prince Shangshan against Yuezhou. With Pacification General E'na he took more than eight hundred boats into Dongting Lake, crushed Sangui's fleet, sank many vessels by cannon fire, and killed rebels in great numbers. He sent officers to anchor at Junshan, haul earth, cut timber, and block the lake's channels. Troops were posted at Sanyan Bridge and Qili Mountain to sever the rebels' supply lines. When rebels struck the grain fleet he caught them in a pincer, routed them again, and took more than a thousand heads. Sangui died, and his grandson Shifan withdrew with the funeral procession. The army took Yuezhou and went on to recover Changsha and Hengzhou. In the eighteenth year he wrote: "Of Hunan, only Chenzhou still holds out for Sangui. Both the Fengmu Ridge and Shenlong Ridge passes are steep and narrow. Our troops are worn out and should pause briefly. Once supplies are steady again, the armies should advance together." The emperor sent Supervising Secretary Moluo and Director Yiergetu with orders: "The rebels have fled to the defiles; use Green Standard infantry. Yurong's troops are strong; they should have little trouble taking the passes and wiping out the remnant rebels. Have him submit a detailed plan." Yurong asked that one commander take charge of all Green Standard forces advancing by land and water. The emperor immediately made him Pacification General with an imperial patent, put all Green troops under him, and placed governors Dong Weiguo and Zhou Youde and commander Zhao Lai under his orders. In the nineteenth year he sent columns through Fengmu Ridge and Chenlong Pass while the fleet moved in parallel, took Chenzhou, then Yuanzhou, and recovered Luxi, Xupu, Mayang, and other counties.
5
大將軍貝子彰泰與會師，自沅州入貴州境。 彰泰疏言綠旗兵已與滿洲兵會，若各自調遣，慮未能合力奏功。 上命毓榮軍機關白大將軍。 尋與衛國督兵克鎮遠、思南。 世璠將夏國相等以二萬人屯平遠西南山，分兵據江西坡，坡天險，國相為像陣。 我師迫險攻象陣，不能克，毓榮以紅旗督戰，眾奔不可止，師敗績。 越二日復戰，鼓眾奮進，國相棄險走，遂克貴陽。 二十年，從彰泰下雲南，次曲靖。 會師進薄會城，屯歸化寺，奪重關及太平橋。 世璠將餘從龍等出降，诇知其虛實。 趙良棟師至，趣進攻，毓榮軍大東門。 世璠自殺，城下。 雲南平。 毓榮還任湖廣總督。
Grand General Prince Zhangtai joined him and entered Guizhou from Yuanzhou. Zhangtai wrote that Green and Manchu troops were now united and that separate commands might prevent them from fighting as one effective force. The emperor ordered Yurong to coordinate his plans with the grand general. He soon joined Weiguo in taking Zhenyuan and Sinan. Shifan's general Xia Guoxiang camped twenty thousand men on the hills southwest of Pingyuan and posted detachments on Jiangxi Slope, a natural strongpoint where Guoxiang deployed an elephant formation. Our troops attacked the elephant line up the slope but failed to break it; Yurong waved the red battle flag to urge them on, yet the ranks broke and could not be rallied, and the army was routed. Two days later they fought again; Yurong rallied the men to charge, Guoxiang abandoned the pass and fled, and Guiyang fell. In the twentieth year he marched into Yunnan with Zhangtai and encamped at Qujing. The combined armies closed on the provincial capital, camped at Guihua Temple, and took the main passes and Taiping Bridge. Shifan's officers Yu Conglong and others surrendered, revealing the city's true condition. Zhao Liangdong arrived and pressed for an immediate assault; Yurong's troops assaulted the Great East Gate. Shifan took his own life and the city surrendered. Yunnan was pacified. Yurong resumed office as governor-general of Huguang.
6
二十一年，調雲貴總督。 累疏區畫善後諸事：「一曰蠲荒賦。 雲南陷寇八載，按畝加糧。 驅之鋒鏑，地曠丁稀，無徵地丁。 額賦應予蠲除，招徠開墾。 二曰制土夷。 前此土目世職，不過宣慰，三桂濫加至將軍、總兵。 初投誠，權用偽銜給劄，今當改給土職。 舊為三桂奪職者，察明予襲。 三曰靖逋逃。 三桂舊部奉裁，徵兵散失。 八旗僕從，兔脫鼠竄。 宜厚自首賞，重懲窩隱。 所獲逃人，量從末減，庶聞風自歸。 四曰理財源。 雲南賦稅不足供兵食。 地產五金，令民開採，官總其稅。 省會及祿豐、蒙自、大理設爐鑄錢。 故明沐氏莊田及入官叛產，均令變價，以裕錢本。 田仍如例納賦，兵弁餘丁，墾荒起科，編入里甲，俾賦有餘而餉可節。 五曰酌安插。 逆屬嘗隨伍，當遣發極邊。 若僅受偽銜，並未助逆，宜免遷徙。 六曰收軍仗。 私造軍器，應坐謀叛論罪。 土司藏刀槍，民以鉛硝、硫黃貿易，皆嚴禁。 七曰勸捐輸。 雲南民鮮蓋藏，偶有災祲，無從告糴。 請暫開捐監事例。 八曰弭野盜。 魯魁在萬山中，初為新習阿蒙土人所據，嘯聚為盜。 內通新平、開化、元江、易門，外接車裡、孟艮、鎮元、猛緬。 三桂授以偽職，今雖改授土司。 仍宜厚集土練，分駐隘口，防侵軼為患。 九曰敦實政。 兵後整理撫綏，其要在墾荒蕪，廣樹蓄，裕積貯，興教化，嚴保甲，通商賈，崇節儉，蠲雜派，卹無告，止濫差。 州縣吏即以此十事為殿最。 十曰舉廢墜。 各府州縣學宮，自三桂煽亂，悉皆頹壞。 今宜倡率修復。 通省稅糧，既有成額，宜均本折定，留運驛站，酌加工食，俾民間永無派累。」 疏入，廷臣議行。 別疏言：「督標舊額兵四千，請增千為五營。 吳三桂設十鎮，今改為六。 在迤西者：曰鶴麗、曰永順、曰楚姚蒙景，在迤東者：曰開化、曰臨元澂江、曰曲尋武霑。」 「中甸舊轄麗江土府，三桂割畀蒙、番互市。 今互市已停，蒙、番所設喇嘛營官未撤，宜令土知府木堯仍歸其地。」
In the twenty-first year he was transferred to governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou. He submitted a series of memorials on postwar recovery: "First, remit taxes on abandoned land. Yunnan had been under the rebels for eight years, with grain levied field by field. War had emptied the countryside; fields lie fallow and households are few, so land and poll taxes cannot be collected. Scheduled quotas should be cancelled and settlers recruited to reopen the land. Second, regulate the native chieftains. Hereditary native offices had never ranked above pacification commissioner until Sangui recklessly promoted chiefs to general and regional commander. At first surrender rebel titles were used provisionally; they should now receive proper native offices. Those whom Sangui had deprived of office should be identified and allowed to inherit their posts. Third, pacify fugitives. Sangui's old followers were ordered to disband and conscripts scattered everywhere. Eight Banner bondsmen slipped away like rabbits and rats. Offer generous rewards for surrender and punish harboring severely. Captured fugitives should receive the lightest penalties so others will come in of their own accord. Fourth, restore revenue. Yunnan's taxes cannot feed the army. The province yields the five metals; let private mining proceed under state collection of tax. Establish mints at the capital, Lufeng, Mengzi, and Dali. Sell the former Ming Mu clan estates and confiscated rebel property to enlarge the coinage reserve. Tax surviving fields as usual; have officers' surplus sons reclaim wasteland, begin taxation, and register in local units so revenue grows and military costs shrink. Fifth, weigh resettlement policy. Rebel dependents who served in rebel ranks should be sent to the far frontier. Those who held rebel titles only and did not aid the rebellion should be spared relocation. Sixth, collect weapons. Private arms manufacture should be punished as treason. Strictly forbid native chiefs from hoarding arms and commoners from trading in saltpeter and sulfur. Seventh, encourage charitable contributions. Yunnan's people keep little in reserve; when disaster strikes they have nowhere to buy grain. He asked that purchase of student status be opened temporarily. Eighth, suppress frontier bandits. Lu Kui lies deep in the mountains; newly converted Ameng tribesmen seized it and formed bandit bands. Inland it links Xinping, Kaihua, Yuanjiang, and Yimen; outward it borders Cheli, Menggen, Zhenyuan, and Mengmian. Sangui had given them rebel titles; they have now been made native chiefs. Native militia should still be concentrated and posted at the passes to block raids. Ninth, promote sound local government. Postwar recovery depends on reclaiming wasteland, planting and storing grain, building reserves, reviving schools, tightening baojia security, encouraging trade, practicing frugality, cutting miscellaneous levies, aiding the destitute, and ending abusive requisitions. Prefectural and county officials should be judged on these ten points. Tenth, restore what has fallen into ruin. Confucian schools in every prefecture and county have lain in ruins since Sangui's rebellion. At present the court should take the lead in promoting repair and recovery. Provincial tax grain already has fixed quotas; rates for grain tribute and commutation should be set uniformly, with provision kept for transport and courier stations and a modest allowance added for milling and rations, so that the people are never again burdened by special assessments. The memorial was received, and the court deliberated and approved its implementation. In another memorial he wrote: 'The governor-general's standing force numbers four thousand men; I ask that one thousand more be added to form five battalions. Wu Sangui had created ten garrison commands; these are now to be reorganized as six. In the far west there were Heli, Yongshun, and the Chuyao-Mengjing command; in the far east, Kaihua, Linyuan-Chengjiang, and Quzun-Wuzhan.' Zhongdian had formerly been under the Lijiang native prefecture; Sangui had carved it out and assigned it for Mongol and Tibetan border trade. Border trade has now ceased, yet the lama-camp officials established by the Mongols and Tibetans remain in place; Mu Yao, the native prefect, should be restored to his former jurisdiction.'
7
初，師自貴州下雲南，毓榮劾董衛國不聽調度，上命俟事平再議。 二十二年，部議衛國未嘗違誤，且有復鎮遠功，請免議，上責毓榮妒功誣奏，下部議，削五級。 二十五年，授總督倉場侍郎，改兵部。 領侍衛內大臣佟國維等疏言侍衛納爾泰自陳前使雲南，毓榮令其子琳餽以銀九百； 內務府又發毓榮入雲南以三桂女孫為妾，並徇縱逆黨狀：下刑部，鞫實，擬斬，籍沒，命免死，與琳並戍黑龍江。 赦還。 三十八年，卒。
When the army first advanced from Guizhou into Yunnan, Yurong impeached Dong Weiguo for refusing to obey orders; the Emperor directed that the case be held over until the campaign was concluded. In the twenty-second year the ministry found that Weiguo had committed no fault and had distinguished himself in recovering Zhenyuan, and asked that the charge be dropped; the Emperor condemned Yurong for jealous false accusation, referred the case to the ministry, and stripped him of five ranks. In the twenty-fifth year he was made Vice Minister of Granaries under the governor-general, and later transferred to the Ministry of War. Senior Bodyguard and Inner Minister Tong Guowei and others reported that the bodyguard Naertai had confessed that during an earlier mission to Yunnan, Yurong had his son Lin give him nine hundred taels of silver; the Imperial Household Department further disclosed that after entering Yunnan Yurong had taken Wu Sangui's granddaughter as a concubine and had knowingly sheltered rebel associates; the case went to the Ministry of Justice, where the facts were established and death with confiscation of property was proposed; the Emperor commuted the sentence, and Yurong and Lin were banished to Heilongjiang. He was later pardoned and permitted to return. He died in the thirty-eighth year.
8
=哈佔=哈佔，伊爾根覺羅氏，滿洲正藍旗人。 自官學生授鴻臚寺贊禮郎，累遷兵部督捕理事官。 康熙八年，授秘書院學士。 十一年，擢兵部侍郎。
Hazhan, of the Irgen Gioro clan, belonged to the Plain Blue Banner. Starting as a student of the Imperial Academy, he was appointed Director of Ceremonies at the Court of Imperial Entertainments and rose in succession to supervising officer for military pursuit in the Ministry of War. In the eighth year of the Kangxi reign he was made an academician of the Secretariat. In the eleventh year he was promoted to Vice Minister of War.
9
十二年，授陝西總督。 甫到官，吳三桂反，四川提督鄭蛟麟、總兵吳之茂等叛應之，與三桂將王屏籓謀寇陝西。 上授都統赫業安西將軍，會西安將軍瓦爾喀討之，命哈佔與巡撫杭愛督餉，並敕與提督張勇、王輔臣修邊備，輯軍民。 十三年，復命尚書莫洛經略陝西，敕凡事諮哈佔乃行。 哈佔以漢中、廣元山迳險峻，疏請造船略陽速糧運。 尋又命貝勒董額為定西大將軍，護諸將出秦州，徇四川。 寇劫略陽糧艘，上命四川總督周有德督川境轉餉。 哈佔疏請令山西協助，上以山西道遠多勞費，發帑十五萬，使在西安採運； 並諭宜稍增其直，俾民樂輸送。 會輔臣叛，莫洛遇害。 董額以餉不繼，自漢中引還西安。
In the twelfth year he was appointed Governor-General of Shaanxi. He had scarcely taken office when Wu Sangui rebelled; Sichuan Provincial Commander Zheng Jiaolin, Regional Commander Wu Zhimao, and others joined the revolt, and with Sangui's general Wang Pingfan they plotted an invasion of Shaanxi. The Emperor appointed Commander Heye General Pacifying the West and, together with Xi'an General Wuerka, sent him to suppress the rebels; Hazhan and Censor-in-Chief Hang Ai were ordered to supervise provisions, and Hazhan was further instructed, together with Provincial Commanders Zhang Yong and Wang Fuchen, to strengthen the frontier and restore order among troops and people. In the thirteenth year Minister Moluo was again appointed to direct affairs in Shaanxi, with instructions that nothing was to be done without Hazhan's counsel. Because the mountain routes through Hanzhong and Guangyuan were steep and dangerous, Hazhan memorialized asking that boats be built at Lueyang to expedite grain transport. Soon afterward Prince Dong'e was appointed Grand General Pacifying the West and led the generals out from Qinzhou into Sichuan. Rebels raided the grain convoys at Lueyang; the Emperor ordered Sichuan Governor-General Zhou Youde to oversee the relay of supplies within Sichuan. Hazhan memorialized asking that Shanxi lend assistance; the Emperor, judging the Shanxi route too distant and costly, released one hundred fifty thousand taels from the treasury and ordered supplies gathered and transported from Xi'an; he also directed that transport rates be raised somewhat so that the people would willingly carry the supplies. Then Wang Fuchen rebelled, and Moluo was slain. When supplies failed to keep up, Dong'e withdrew from Hanzhong to Xi'an.
10
十四年，詔哈佔分兵防蘭州，哈佔疏言西安兵少不宜分遣。 上命雲貴總督鄂善率師駐興安、漢中，既又命守延安，哈佔迭奏請留西安不遣。 時輔臣據平涼，同州游擊李師膺叛，戕韓城知縣翟世琪，脅神道嶺營卒，合蒲城土寇陷延安。 固原道陳彭、定邊副將硃龍皆以城叛。 輔臣分兵四出，陷旁近諸州縣，遂破蘭州，巡撫華善走涼州。 遣將逐賊邠州、淳化、三水、長武、漢陰、石泉、甘泉、寶雞諸處，戰輒勝。 董額師克秦州，總兵王進寶亦復蘭州。 定邊、延安皆下。 上趣董額督兵合攻平涼。 哈佔聞興安游擊王可成叛，移潼關綠旗兵守商州，移西安滿洲兵守潼關。 俄聞興安叛兵已破商州舊縣關，逼西安，疏請敕董額分兵赴援。 上責哈占曰：「輔臣初叛，朕以蘭州近邊要地，令哈佔發兵鎮守。 哈佔以西安兵少不遣，蘭州遂陷。 又以延安居要衝，命鄂善屯守，哈佔留之西安，延安复陷。 哈佔但知有西安，重兵自衛，貽誤非小！」 別敕董額急攻平涼，仍遣將軍吳丹率師自太原移駐潼關，員外郎拉篤祜率榆林蒙古兵益西安。 十五年，大學士圖海代董額為大將軍，圍平涼，輔臣降。 哈佔疏請安輯降眾，設置官吏。 事皆下部議行。
In the fourteenth year the court ordered Hazhan to detach troops for the defense of Lanzhou; Hazhan replied that Xi'an's garrison was too small and that troops should not be divided. The Emperor ordered Yunnan-Guizhou Governor-General Eshan to lead troops to garrison Xing'an and Hanzhong, and later commanded him to hold Yan'an as well; Hazhan repeatedly asked that Eshan be kept at Xi'an and not sent out. At that time Fuchen held Pingliang; Tongzhou brigade commander Li Shiying rebelled, murdered Hancheng Magistrate Zhai Shiqi, forced the garrison at Shendaoling into service, and together with bandits from Pucheng seized Yan'an. Chen Peng, the Guyuan circuit intendant, and Zhu Long, vice commander at Dingbian, both turned their cities over to the rebels. Fuchen divided his forces and struck on four fronts, overrunning the neighboring prefectures and counties before finally taking Lanzhou; Governor Huashan fled to Liangzhou. He dispatched generals to drive the rebels from Binzhou, Chunhua, Sanshui, Changwu, Hanyin, Shiquan, Ganquan, Baoji, and other districts, winning every battle. Dong'e's army took Qinzhou, and Regional Commander Wang Jinbao recovered Lanzhou. Dingbian and Yan'an were both retaken. The Emperor pressed Dong'e to concentrate his forces and attack Pingliang. When Hazhan learned that Xing'an brigade commander Wang Kecheng had rebelled, he moved the Green Standard garrison at Tongguan to Shangzhou and shifted Xi'an's Manchu troops to hold Tongguan. Before long he learned that the Xing'an rebels had broken through the old county pass at Shangzhou and were threatening Xi'an; he memorialized asking that Dong'e be ordered to send a detachment to the rescue. The Emperor rebuked Hazhan, saying: 'When Fuchen first rebelled, I judged Lanzhou a critical frontier post and ordered Hazhan to send troops to defend it. Hazhan, pleading that Xi'an's garrison was too small, refused to detach men, and Lanzhou was lost. Then, because Yan'an lay on a vital route, I ordered Eshan to hold it, but Hazhan kept him at Xi'an, and Yan'an fell once more. Hazhan cares for nothing but Xi'an, keeps his main force for his own protection, and the damage he has caused is grave!' In a separate order Dong'e was commanded to press the assault on Pingliang; General Wu Dan was sent from Taiyuan to garrison Tongguan, and Department Director Laduhu was dispatched with Mongol troops from Yulin to reinforce Xi'an. In the fifteenth year Grand Secretary Tu Hai replaced Dong'e as Grand General, besieged Pingliang, and Fuchen surrendered. Hazhan memorialized asking that the surrendered population be settled and local officials appointed. Each proposal was referred to the ministries for deliberation and approved for execution.
11
十九年，將軍趙良棟克成都，王進寶克保寧，郡縣以次底定。 哈佔疏言軍餉自西安運保寧，應令四川接運。 上以四川初定，未能任轉餉，命自略陽水道運敘州。 尋敕哈佔率師赴保寧，規復雲南。 哈佔复疏請命四川督餉，戶部侍郎趙璟、金鼐疏言陝西轉餉入四川，四川吏不之卹，道遠民滋困。
In the nineteenth year General Zhao Liangdong took Chengdu and Wang Jinbao took Baoning; prefecture after prefecture and county after county were brought back under control. Hazhan memorialized that grain transported from Xi'an to Baoning should be taken over and relayed within Sichuan. The Emperor, judging that Sichuan had only just been pacified and could not yet manage relay transport, ordered supplies carried by the Lueyang water route to Xuzhou. Soon afterward Hazhan was commanded to march to Baoning and prepare the reconquest of Yunnan. Hazhan again asked that Sichuan be charged with supply duties; Vice Ministers of Revenue Zhao Jing and Jin Tai reported that when Shaanxi forwarded provisions into Sichuan, Sichuan officials paid little heed, and the long haul only wore the people down further.
12
尚書宋德宜言陝西、四川宜以一總督董理，庶兩省民勞逸得平，乃改設川陝總督，以命哈佔。 哈佔師次保寧，時叛將譚弘、彭時亨四出劫掠為民害，上命速剿定，進攻雲南。 哈佔遣總兵高孟擊時亨，敗賊南溪羅石橋，复營山、渠二縣。 二十年，鎮南將軍噶爾漢收忠、萬、開、建始、雲陽、梁山諸州縣。 弘走死。 孟逐時亨，亦復廣安、達、大竹、東鄉諸州縣。 時亨勢蹙，降。 敕哈佔率師赴敘州，會建昌、永寧兩路兵進徵。 哈佔師發永寧，追擊三桂將馬進寶，入貴州。 次畢節，進寶降。 復進次威寧。 大將軍貝子彰泰疏言雲南已合圍，師足用，兵多糧少，宜令哈佔還四川。 哈佔復進次曲靖，聞命引還。 尋以破時亨功，加兵部尚書銜。 弘將牟一乾、一舉詣遵義降，分駐巴縣、涪州。 哈佔疏請移陝西，懦者歸農，強者入伍，上從之。 二十二年，授兵部尚書。 二十四年，調禮部。 以疾乞休，上疏自述在軍時積勞成病。 上以哈佔未嘗立功，斥其妄，命仍殫力供職自贖。 二十五年，卒。
Minister Song Deyi argued that Shaanxi and Sichuan should be governed by one governor-general, so that the burdens borne by the people of both provinces might be equalized; the post of Governor-General of Sichuan and Shaanxi was therefore created, and Hazhan was appointed to it. While Hazhan's army was encamped at Baoning, the rebel generals Tan Hong and Peng Shiheng were marauding on every side and preying on the people; the Emperor ordered them crushed without delay and commanded the advance on Yunnan. Hazhan dispatched Regional Commander Gao Meng against Shiheng, routed the rebels at Luoshi Bridge in Nanxi, and recovered Yingshan and Qu. In the twentieth year General Pacifying the South Ga'erhan retook Zhong, Wan, Kai, Jianshi, Yunyang, Liangshan, and other districts. Hong fled and perished. Meng pursued Shiheng and likewise recovered Guang'an, Da, Dazhu, Dongxiang, and other districts. Hard pressed, Shiheng surrendered. Hazhan was ordered to march to Xuzhou and unite with the armies of the Jianchang and Yongning routes for the campaign. Hazhan's army marched from Yongning, pursued Sangui's general Ma Jinbao, and entered Guizhou. At Bijie he accepted Jinbao's surrender. He pressed on and encamped at Weining. Grand General Prince Zhangtai reported that Yunnan was already encircled, that the forces there were sufficient, and that with too many men and too little grain Hazhan should be recalled to Sichuan. Hazhan had already advanced to Qujing when the order arrived, and he turned back. Soon afterward, for his success against Shiheng, he was granted the honorary rank of Minister of War. Hong's generals Mou Yiqian and Yiju surrendered at Zunyi and were stationed separately at Baxian and Fuzhou. Hazhan asked that these men be resettled in Shaanxi, with the weak sent back to the fields and the strong enlisted; the Emperor approved. In the twenty-second year he was appointed Minister of War. In the twenty-fourth year he was transferred to the Ministry of Rites. He asked to retire on grounds of illness, memorializing that the accumulated strain of his years in the field had ruined his health. The Emperor, declaring that Hazhan had never truly distinguished himself, rejected the plea as pretense and ordered him to remain at his post and serve zealously by way of atonement. He died in the twenty-fifth year.
13
=杭愛=杭愛，章佳氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。 父古爾嘉琿，順治初為國子監祭酒。 杭愛初授筆帖式，累遷吏部郎中。 康熙十一年，超授山西布政使。 諭曰：「朕知汝才能，外省事重，籓司職掌最要。 其克盡忠誠，毋負簡任！」 十二年，擢陝西巡撫。 軍興，命督餉。 十九年，調四川。 叛將譚弘據萬縣為亂，命杭愛慰撫夔州諸路。 二十年，建昌土司安泰宁謀亂，敕與將軍王進寶招之來降。 哈佔師進次永寧，命杭愛督趣輸運。 自三桂亂，四川悉陷，民多流亡，兵佔耕民田不納賦。 杭愛疏請清釐，又乞蠲羅森妄報墾荒昇科田四百餘畝，上特允之。 二十二年，卒，諡勤襄。
Hang Ai, of the Zhangjia clan, belonged to the Bordered White Banner. His father Gu'erjiagong had served in the early Shunzhi reign as Director of the Imperial Academy. Hang Ai began as a clerk and rose in succession to Department Director in the Ministry of Personnel. In the eleventh year of the Kangxi reign he was promoted directly to Provincial Treasurer of Shanxi. The Emperor instructed him: 'I know your ability; affairs in the provinces are weighty, and the office of provincial treasurer is especially critical. Serve with complete loyalty, and do not betray the trust I place in you!' In the twelfth year he was promoted to Censor-in-Chief of Shaanxi. When hostilities broke out he was ordered to supervise provisions. In the nineteenth year he was transferred to Sichuan. When the rebel general Tan Hong held Wanxian in rebellion, Hang Ai was ordered to pacify the districts around Kuizhou. In the twentieth year Jianchang native chieftain An Taining plotted rebellion; Hang Ai was ordered, together with General Wang Jinbao, to induce him to submit. When Hazhan's army advanced to Yongning, Hang Ai was ordered to oversee and hurry the delivery of supplies. Since Sangui's revolt all of Sichuan had been overrun; the people had fled in great numbers, and soldiers seized cultivated land without paying tax. Hang Ai memorialized for a full reckoning of these abuses, and also asked that more than four hundred mu of land falsely reported as newly reclaimed and brought under tax by Luo Sen be exempted; the Emperor granted the request as a special favor. He died in the twenty-second year and was posthumously honored as Qinxiang.
14
=鄂善=鄂善，納喇氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 初自侍衛授秘書院學士，遷副都御史。 康熙九年，授陝西巡撫。 十一年，擢山西陝西總督，尋改專督陝西。 十二年，調雲南，以哈佔代。 三桂反，詔鄂善留湖廣。 十三年，改兼督雲、貴，命從師進徵。 三桂陷湖南郡縣，吏議鐫五級，命留任。 王輔臣叛，命與副都統穆舒渾率師自襄陽移守興安、漢中。 十四年，次西安，哈佔疏留助守。 上復命移守榆林、延安，哈佔再疏留不遣。 及畢力克圖擊輔臣，复延安，鄂善乃遵上指移駐，招撫流民，分守棧道，寇來犯，擊之退。 授甘肅巡撫。 十七年，坐失察布政使伊圖蝕帑、清水知縣佟國佐苛斂，部議當奪官，命留任。 十八年，以計典罷。 尋卒。
Eshan, of the Nara clan, belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner. Raised from the bodyguard corps, he was appointed an academician of the Secretariat and later made Vice Censor-in-Chief. In the ninth year of the Kangxi reign he was appointed Censor-in-Chief of Shaanxi. In the eleventh year he was promoted to Governor-General of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and shortly thereafter was made governor of Shaanxi alone. In the twelfth year he was transferred to Yunnan, with Hazhan succeeding him in Shaanxi. When Sangui rebelled, the court ordered Eshan to remain in Huguang. In the thirteenth year he was given joint charge of Yunnan and Guizhou and ordered to march with the expeditionary force. After Sangui overran prefectures and counties in Hunan, the ministry proposed demoting Eshan by five ranks, but the Emperor ordered him retained in his post. When Wang Fuchen rebelled, he was ordered, together with Vice Commander Mushuhun, to lead troops from Xiangyang to hold Xing'an and Hanzhong. In the fourteenth year he halted at Xi'an, and Ha Zhan memorialized the throne, begging leave to stay and help hold the city. The emperor again ordered him to shift his command to Yulin and Yan'an, but Ha Zhan once more memorialized to stay—and was not released from his post. When Biliketu struck Fu Chen and Yan'an was recovered, E Shan at last obeyed the imperial command to relocate. He pacified the wandering populace, posted troops along the plank roads, and whenever raiders came against him, beat them back. He was appointed Governor of Gansu. In the seventeenth year he was held accountable for failing to oversee his subordinates: Provincial Administration Commissioner Yitu had eaten into the treasury, and Qingshui Magistrate Tong Guozuo had squeezed the people with cruel levies. The ministry recommended that he be stripped of rank, but the emperor ordered him retained. In the eighteenth year he was removed from office in the triennial evaluation. Not long afterward he died.
15
=華善=華善，亦伊爾根覺羅氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 初授筆帖式，累遷刑部郎中。 順治十三年，從大將軍伊爾德克舟山，累進世職拜他喇布勒哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。 康熙初，累遷弘文院學士。 九年，授甘肅巡撫，疏請免逃荒額賦。 西和、禮縣大疫，華善發帑治賑，並以春耕期迫，令市耕牛、具籽種，事竟乃疏聞，部議以違例當責償，上命寬之。 輔臣反，攻蘭州，游擊董正己叛應之，布政使成額降寇，華善與按察使伊圖走永昌，疏請假提督張勇便宜討輔臣，與勇及王進寶、陳福、孫思克分道進兵，規复蘭州。 華善與勇督兵赴臨洮，遣將收河、洮二州，复督兵攻鞏昌，克之，會進寶亦克蘭州，諭嘉勞。 十五年，疏請免臨洮、鞏昌二府逋賦。 尋卒於官。
=Hua Shan= Hua Shan, likewise of the Irgen Gioro clan, was a Manchu bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner. He first entered service as a clerk and, through successive promotions, rose to Director in the Ministry of Justice. In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi he followed Grand General Yierde against Zhoushan, and through repeated advancement in hereditary rank was enfeoffed as Talabuule Han with the additional rank of Tuoshala Han. In the early Kangxi reign he rose by stages to Academician of the Hanlin Academy. In the ninth year he was made Governor of Gansu and memorialized to remit the tax quotas imposed on abandoned farmland. When Xihe and Lixian were ravaged by plague, Hua Shan opened the treasury for medicine and relief. The season for spring planting pressed hard upon him, so he ordered oxen bought and seed grain prepared; only when the work was done did he report what he had done. The ministry held that he had violated precedent and ought to make restitution, but the emperor commanded that he be forgiven. When Fu Chen rose in rebellion and assailed Lanzhou, Brigade Commander Dong Zhengji went over to him, and Provincial Administration Commissioner Cheng'e surrendered to the enemy. Hua Shan fled with Regional Inspector Yitu to Yongchang and memorialized, asking that Provincial Commander Zhang Yong be granted discretionary power to suppress Fu Chen. He then divided his forces with Yong, Wang Jinbao, Chen Fu, and Sun Sike, each marching by a different route with the aim of retaking Lanzhou. Hua Shan and Yong led the army to Lintao and sent generals to recover the prefectures of He and Tao. He then turned again to Gongchang, stormed it, and took the city; when Jinbao likewise recovered Lanzhou, an imperial edict praised their labors and rewarded them. In the fifteenth year he memorialized to remit the overdue taxes of Lintao and Gongchang. Before long he died in office.
16
=董衛國=董衛國，漢軍正白旗人。 初授佐領，累官秘書院學士。 順治十八年，擢山西巡撫。 康熙四年，加工部尚書銜。 十三年，改兵部尚書銜。
=Dong Weiguo= Dong Weiguo was a Han bannerman of the Plain White Banner. He first received appointment as an Assistant Commandant and rose by degrees to Academician of the Secretariat. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi he was elevated to Governor of Shanxi. In the fourth year of Kangxi he was granted the additional rank of Minister of Works. In the thirteenth year his additional rank was changed to Minister of War.
17
吳三桂反，陷長沙，衛國疏請發兵備袁州、吉安，上命副都統根特自兗州移兵赴援。 耿精忠亦反，侵寧都、廣昌、南豐諸府縣，饒州參將程鳳、廣信副將柯升叛應之，構土寇破都昌，窺南康。 衛國密疏聞，上命定南將軍希爾根會衛國剿禦。 精忠兵逼袁州，山民棚居與相結，謂之「棚寇」。 衛國請設袁臨總兵，薦副將趙應奎有膽略堪任，上從之。 南瑞總兵楊富謀叛，衛國廉得實，寘之法，並殲其黨，上嘉之。 尋改設江西總督，以命衛國。 精忠兵及棚寇分犯新昌、上高，衛國遣諸將佟國棟、趙登舉、張射光赴援，大破賊，斬其渠左宗榜。 十四年，與希爾根等招降泰和、龍泉、永新、廬陵諸縣。 參贊桑額自上高克新昌，被檄引去； 寇抵隙復入，城並陷，遣其徒遏廣信糧道。 衛國請督兵進剿，大將軍簡親王喇布駐師南昌，疏留之。 十五年，遣諸將吳友明逐寇瑞州，复上高、新昌。 復遣援靖安，諸將許盛、楊以鬆克泰和、定南。 十六年，以土寇楊玉泰竊據宜黃、樂安、崇仁山谷中，發兵討之。 崇仁寇蔡仕伯、宜黃寇沈鳳祥等出降。 破賊於大嶺，克樂安，玉泰亦降。
When Wu Sangui rebelled and Changsha fell, Weiguo memorialized that troops be sent to ready the defenses of Yuanzhou and Ji'an. The emperor ordered Vice Commander-in-chief Gent to shift his forces from Yanzhou to the relief. Geng Jingzhong rebelled as well, overrunning Ningdu, Guangchang, Nanfeng, and other districts. Raozhou Brigade Commander Cheng Feng and Guangxin Vice Commander Ke Sheng went over to him; they stirred up local bandits, broke Duchang, and turned their gaze toward Nankang. Weiguo sent a secret memorial apprising the throne, and the emperor ordered Pacification General of the South Xiergen to unite with Weiguo in suppression and defense. Jingzhong's army pressed upon Yuanzhou, where mountain folk dwelling in rough shelters joined them; such men were called the Shed Bandits. Weiguo asked that a garrison commander be established for Yuan and Lin, and recommended Vice Commander Zhao Yingkui as a man of courage and capacity fit for the post. The emperor assented. Nanrui Garrison Commander Yang Fu plotted rebellion. Weiguo investigated until the truth was plain, punished him according to law, and wiped out his confederates. The emperor praised him for it. Not long afterward the office of Governor-General of Jiangxi was established, and Weiguo was appointed to it. Jingzhong's soldiers and the Shed Bandits struck separately at Xinchang and Shanggao. Weiguo sent Generals Tong Guodong, Zhao Dengju, and Zhang Sheguang to their aid and broke the enemy utterly, slaying their chieftain Zuo Zongbang. In the fourteenth year he joined Xiergen and others in accepting the surrender of Taihe, Longquan, Yongxin, Luling, and other counties. Grand Secretary Sang'e, having advanced from Shanggao to take Xinchang, was recalled by imperial order. The rebels slipped back through the breach; the cities fell together, and they sent their bands to choke Guangxin's grain road. Weiguo asked leave to lead the army in person against the rebels, but Grand General Prince Jian Labu, encamped at Nanchang, memorialized that Weiguo be kept there. In the fifteenth year he sent General Wu Youming to hunt the rebels out of Ruizhou and recovered Shanggao and Xinchang. He sent aid again to Jing'an, and Generals Xu Sheng and Yang Yisong recovered Taihe and Dingnan. In the sixteenth year, learning that the local bandit Yang Yutai had seized the mountain fastnesses of Yihuang, Le'an, and Chongren, he dispatched troops to subdue him. Cai Shibo of Chongren, Shen Fengxiang of Yihuang, and others came forward to surrender. He broke the rebels on Dal Ridge, took Le'an, and Yutai surrendered as well.
18
湖南平江及銅鼓營寇起，衛國留提督趙賴守樂安，移兵入湖南，簡親王檄發衛國標下兵悉赴樂安。 衛國疏聞，且言省城駐滿洲兵不過二百，慮不足守禦，乞賜罷斥，上嚴旨詰簡親王，並諭此後徵發當諮衛國。 衛國遣兵徇建昌，定瀘溪，自將出芳塘，別遣諸將出黃岡口，遂克銅鼓營。 平江乃定。
Rebellion flared in Pingjiang in Hunan and at Tonggu Camp. Weiguo left Provincial Commander Zhao Lai to hold Le'an and marched into Hunan, but Prince Jian ordered by dispatch that every soldier under Weiguo's banner be sent to Le'an. Weiguo memorialized the throne, adding that no more than two hundred Manchu troops remained in the provincial capital—far too few, he feared, to hold the city—and begged to be dismissed from office. The emperor answered with a stern edict rebuking Prince Jian and commanded that hereafter all requisitions be taken up with Weiguo. Weiguo sent columns through Jianchang and settled Luxi. He himself led the army out by Fangtang while other generals marched from Huanggang Pass, and together they took Tonggu Camp. Only then was Pingjiang brought to order.
19
未幾，精忠將韓大任侵寧都，時簡親王出駐吉安，衛國請與會師合剿，上命綠營兵聽便宜調遣。 十七年，巡撫佟國正遣將破大任。 精忠將郭應輔等分屯萬安、泰和諸縣，衛國督兵進擊，斬四萬餘，降者亦四萬六千有奇。
Before long Jingzhong's general Han Daren pressed Ningdu. Prince Jian was then encamped at Ji'an, and Weiguo asked to join forces in a combined suppression. The emperor ordered that the Green Standard army be disposed at his discretion. In the seventeenth year Governor Tong Guozheng sent generals against Han Daren and broke him. Jingzhong's generals Guo Yingfu and others held Wan'an, Taihe, and neighboring counties in separate camps. Weiguo led the attack in person, slaying more than forty thousand men; those who surrendered numbered forty-six thousand odd besides.
20
吳三桂犯永興，薄吉安，上命衛國守銅鼓營。 三桂既死，其將據岳州、長沙，師圍之未下。 衛國請自銅鼓營督兵援剿，上嘉許，並授以方略。 未幾，岳州、長沙皆下。 十八年，命會大將軍安親王岳樂謀進取，遂合軍出衡州、寶慶，破賊紫陽河、雙井鋪，克武岡。 給事中李宗孔劾衛國為總督不治事，失民心，廷議奪官，上寬之。 十九年，破鴨婆、黃茅諸隘，攻靖州。 與都統穆佔會師逐吳世璠將吳應麟等，克沅州。 進薄鎮遠，力戰奪石港口，抵大岩門。 世璠將張足法悉眾迎戰，衛國親督兵奮擊，大破之。 足法夜遁，逐之至油閘關而還，遂克鎮遠。 貴州既定，大將軍貝子彰泰下雲南，留衛國守貴陽。 二十年，雲南平，命還任。
Wu Sangui struck at Yongxing and drew near Ji'an, and the emperor ordered Weiguo to hold Tonggu Camp. When Sangui was dead, his generals still held Yuezhou and Changsha, and though the imperial armies besieged them, the cities would not fall. Weiguo asked to lead the army from Tonggu Camp to their relief. The emperor praised his offer, approved it, and entrusted him with the plan of campaign. Before long both Yuezhou and Changsha were taken. In the eighteenth year he was ordered to confer with Grand General Prince An Yuele on the advance. The combined armies then marched out through Hengzhou and Baqing, routed the rebels at Ziyang River and Shuangjing Post, and captured Wugang. Supervising Censor Li Zongkong impeached Weiguo, charging that as governor-general he neglected his duties and had lost the people's hearts. The court recommended that he be stripped of rank, but the emperor showed him mercy. In the nineteenth year he forced the passes at Yapo and Huangmao and pressed the attack on Jingzhou. He united with Commander-in-chief Muzhan to drive Wu Shifan's generals Wu Yinglin and the rest, and took Yuanzhou. Pressing on toward Zhenyuan, he fought fiercely, wrested Shipu Pass from the enemy, and came up to Dayan Gate. Wu Shifan's general Zhang Zufa marched out with his whole host to give battle. Weiguo himself led the charge and broke them completely. Zufa fled under cover of night. Weiguo pursued him to Youzha Pass and then turned back, and Zhenyuan fell. When Guizhou was settled, Grand General Prince Beile Zhangtai marched down upon Yunnan and left Weiguo to hold Guiyang. In the twentieth year, with Yunnan pacified, he was ordered back to his former command.
21
二十一年，調湖廣總督。 衛國初自湖南入貴州，蔡毓榮以不聽調度論劾。 事平，下廷議，上右衛國譴毓榮。 御史蔣伊又論衛國縱兵俘掠，江西總督於成龍為疏辯。 衛國朝京師，瀕行，諭曰：「爾在外二十餘年，民情宜悉知。 前此方用兵，不免擾民。 今天下承平，當思休養，興革利病，務在實行。 朕知爾有勞，毋畏人言，勉圖後效。」 月餘，卒，賜祭葬。
In the twenty-first year he was transferred to Governor-General of Huguang. When Weiguo first crossed from Hunan into Guizhou, Cai Yurong impeached him for refusing to accept command. After the campaign ended the matter went before the court, and the emperor upheld Weiguo and rebuked Yurong. Censor Jiang Yi again accused Weiguo of letting his soldiers take captives and plunder at will, but Jiangxi Governor-General Yu Chenglong memorialized in his defense. When Weiguo came to court and, on the eve of his return, was granted audience, the emperor told him: 'You have served in the provinces more than twenty years, and ought to know the temper of the people by now. In those days the land was torn by war, and some harm to the common folk could not be helped. Now that the realm is at peace, you must think of letting the people breathe, of reforming what harms them and removing what oppresses them—and you must see that such things are truly done. I know the weight of your service. Do not fear what men may say, but strive hereafter to prove your worth.' A little more than a month later he died, and the court granted him the rites of funeral sacrifice.
22
=佟國正=佟國正，佟佳氏，漢軍正黃旗人。 自拔貢生授江南無為知州，累遷安徽按察使。 康熙十三年，遷江西布政使。 衛國改總督，白色純代為巡撫。 十四年，色純卒，大將軍安親王岳樂奏國正得民心，擢巡撫。 十五年，命出駐贛州。 叛將嚴自明等偪南康，國正遣許盛等赴援，破賊庫鎮鋪，破其壘十七，逐北七十餘裡。 自明等走南安，又遣別將黃士標、王割耳等犯信豐，國正遣楊以鬆及諸將周球等分三道擊之，士標等走南雄。 盛進克上猶，球進克龍泉。 國正聞師定漳州，遣球及諸將劉體君等出間道援剿。 十六年，破賊五里排，會裡、瑞金、崇義以次下。 韓大任自寧都敗竄萬安，國正遣兵四出斷道，並絕糧運； 令以鬆等追擊，戰鸕鶿寨，戰老虎洞，屢敗之。 大任走汀州，降。 江西平。 敘功，累進兵部尚書銜。 十八年，左副都御史楊雍建疏論國正蒞任數載，治績無聞。 京察循例自陳，降二級調用。 四十七年，卒於家。
=Tong Guozheng= Tong Guozheng, of the Tongjia clan, was a Han bannerman of the Plain Yellow Banner. Raised from the ranks of selected tribute students, he was first made Magistrate of Wuwei in Jiangnan and rose by degrees to Regional Inspector of Anhui. In the thirteenth year of Kangxi he was transferred to Provincial Administration Commissioner of Jiangxi. When Weiguo was promoted to governor-general, Bai Sechun took his place as governor. In the fourteenth year Sechun died. Grand General Prince An Yuele memorialized that Guozheng had won the people's hearts, and he was elevated to governor. In the fifteenth year he was ordered to take up field command at Ganzhou. The rebel general Yan Ziming and his fellows pressed upon Nankang. Guozheng sent Xu Sheng and others to their relief; they smashed the enemy at Kuzhen Post, destroyed seventeen stockades, and chased them north for more than seventy li. Ziming and the rest fled toward Nan'an, then sent other commanders—Huang Shibiao, Wang Ge'er, and the like—to strike at Xinfeng. Guozheng dispatched Yang Yisong together with Zhou Qiu and other generals in three columns against them, and Shibiao and his men retreated toward Nanxiong. Xu Sheng pressed forward and recovered Shangyou; Zhou Qiu pressed forward and recovered Longquan. When Guozheng learned that the army had settled Zhangzhou, he sent Zhou Qiu with Liu Tijun and other generals by hidden routes to join the suppression. In the sixteenth year he broke the rebels at Wulipai, and Huili, Ruijin, Chongyi, and other places fell one after another. Han Daren, defeated at Ningdu, fled toward Wan'an. Guozheng sent troops out on four sides to cut his paths and choke off his grain supply. He ordered Yang Yisong and the rest to pursue, fighting them at Luzici Stronghold and again at Laohu Cave, and defeated them again and again. Daren fled on to Tingzhou and surrendered. Jiangxi was at last pacified. When merits were reckoned, he was repeatedly promoted until he bore the additional rank of Minister of War. In the eighteenth year Left Vice Censor-in-Chief Yang Yongjian memorialized that Guozheng had governed several years without any notable achievement to his name. At the capital evaluation he made the customary self-report and was demoted two ranks and transferred to another post. In the forty-seventh year he died at home.
23
=周有德=周有德，字彝初，漢軍鑲紅旗人。 順治二年，自貢生授弘文院編修。 五年，從英親王阿濟格討叛將薑瓖，還，遷侍讀。 康熙元年，遷國史院侍讀學士，尋擢弘文院學士。
=Zhou Youde= Zhou Youde, styled Yichu, was a Han bannerman of the Bordered Red Banner. In the second year of Shunzhi he entered service from the tribute students as Compiler of the Hanlin Academy. In the fifth year he followed Prince Ying Ajige against the rebel general Jiang Xiang, and on his return was made a Reader. In the first year of Kangxi he was transferred to Reader-in-Waiting of the Historiographical Institute, and soon afterward was elevated to Academician of the Hanlin Academy.
24
二年，授山東巡撫。 三年，以獲逃人加工部侍郎銜。 迭疏請寬登、萊、青三府海禁，俾居民得捕魚資生； 請以歷城明季籓府地視民田科賦； 請復孤貧口糧； 請以德州駐防兵舊給民地五百餘頃仍還之民，駐防兵視陝西、浙江例支月糧； 請蠲逋賦六十餘萬，暨察出逃亡荒蕪虛增田額戶口凡四十萬有奇，悉予免除。 四年，濟南、兗州、東昌、青州四府旱災，請加賑恤； 登州、萊州二府歉收，請免本年額賦； 皆下部議行。
In the second year he was appointed Governor of Shandong. In the third year, for apprehending fugitive bondservants, he was granted the additional rank of Vice Minister of Works. Again and again he memorialized to loosen the maritime prohibitions in Deng, Lai, and Qing, that the coastal people might go down to the sea and live by fishing. He asked that the princely estates of the late Ming at Licheng be taxed as ordinary farmland. He asked that grain rations for orphans and the utterly poor be restored. He asked that the more than five hundred qing of land once given the garrison at Dezhou be returned to the people, and that the garrison be paid monthly rations according to the precedent of Shaanxi and Zhejiang. He asked that overdue taxes totaling more than six hundred thousand be remitted, and that the more than four hundred thousand inflated land quotas and registered households uncovered among the fugitive, the abandoned, and the falsely added be wholly forgiven. In the fourth year drought struck the four prefectures of Jinan, Yanzhou, Dongchang, and Qingzhou, and he memorialized for added relief. Dengzhou and Laizhou had lean harvests, and he asked that the year's assessed taxes be remitted. All of these requests were referred to the ministries for deliberation and approved for implementation.
25
六年，擢兩廣總督。 七年，上遣都統特錦等會勘廣東沿海邊界，設兵防汛，俾民復業。 有德疏言：「界外民苦失業，聞許仍歸舊地，踴躍歡呼。 第海濱遼闊，使待勘界既明，始議安插，尚需時日，窮民迫不及待。 請令州縣官按遷戶版籍給還故業。」 得旨允行。 是冬，遭父喪，平南王尚可喜疏言沿海兵民，方賴經營安輯，請命在任守制。 凡三年而事定。 九年，疏請還京師治喪，許之。
In the sixth year he was promoted to governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi. In the seventh year the emperor sent the banner general Tejin and others to survey the Guangdong coast, garrison troops against flooding, and allow the people to return to their livelihoods. Youde memorialized: "The people beyond the border had suffered terribly from displacement; when they heard they would be allowed back to their old lands, they leaped and shouted for joy. But the coast is vast and far-flung; if they must wait until the survey is finished and resettlement can be discussed, many days will still pass, and the poorest cannot wait that long. I ask that district and county magistrates, using the registers of relocated households, restore their former holdings at once. The memorial was approved. That winter his father died. Prince of Pingnan Shang Kexi memorialized that coastal soldiers and civilians still depended on Youde's stewardship for order, and asked that he be allowed to observe mourning without leaving his post. Three years passed before the business was fully settled. In the ninth year he memorialized to return to the capital and mourn properly; the request was granted.
26
十年，旱，求言，編修陳志紀疏言：「上憂勤惕厲，而嘗為督撫諸大臣方營第宅，蓄倡優，近在輦轂下，不守法度，何以責遠方大吏廉節？」 上命指實，覆疏舉郎廷佐、張長庚、苗澄，祖澤溥、張朝璘、許世昌並及有德，下部嚴察，有德坐居喪營造，又於志紀覆疏未入時，囑託毋及其名，奪官，追繳誥命。
In the tenth year drought struck and the throne called for counsel. Compiler Chen Zhiji wrote: "Your Majesty toils in vigilance and restraint, yet former governors and grand coordinators are erecting mansions and keeping actors and singers within sight of the capital, heedless of the law — how then can distant grand officials be held to probity? The emperor ordered Chen to name names. In a follow-up memorial he cited Lang Tingzuo, Zhang Changgeng, Miao Cheng, Zu Zepu, Zhang Chaolin, Xu Shichang, and Youde as well; the case went to the ministries for strict inquiry. Youde was found guilty of undertaking construction while in mourning and, worse, of having lobbied to keep his name out before Chen's second memorial reached the throne. He was stripped of office and made to return his patent of nobility.
27
吳三桂反，十三年，起授四川總督。 三桂將吳之茂、彭時亨等犯廣元，有德與副都統科爾寬分道擊敗之，陣斬裨將徐應昌等。 上命經略尚書莫洛自陝西入四川，敕有德與巡撫張德地固守廣元諸路，並督軍餉。 三桂將何德成等自昭化攻二郎關，謀奪我師儲峙，有德遣兵擊德成，走還昭化，复犯廣元； 有德與科爾寬等復擊敗之，逐北三十餘裡。 時亨屯七盤、朝天諸關，劫略陽糧艘，廣元餉不給。 寇窺陽平，將軍席卜臣屯蟠龍山為所劫，斷我師餉道，上命有德固守陽平諸路。
When Wu Sangui rose in rebellion, Youde was recalled in the thirteenth year and made governor of Sichuan. Sangui's generals Wu Zhimao and Peng Shiheng attacked Guangyuan. Youde and Vice Banner Commander Ke'erkuo divided their forces, routed them, and killed the assistant general Xu Yingchang and others on the field. The emperor ordered Pacification Minister Mo Luo to advance into Sichuan from Shaanxi and charged Youde and Governor Zhang Dedi to hold the Guangyuan lines and oversee army supplies. Sangui's general He Decheng and others struck Erlang Pass from Zhaohua, aiming to seize our stored provisions. Youde sent troops against Decheng, who fell back to Zhaohua and then struck at Guangyuan again; Youde and Ke'erkuo defeated them once more and pursued them north for more than thirty li. Shiheng held Qipan, Chaotian, and the other passes, looting grain boats on the Yang route, so that Guangyuan's supplies ran dry. Rebel forces threatened Yangping. General Xibuchen, encamped on Panlong Mountain, was raided and his supply line severed. The emperor ordered Youde to secure the Yangping routes.
28
王輔臣叛，十四年，上命大將軍貝勒董額討之，以有德參贊軍務，命督諸軍協擊。 董額克秦州，有德乞還誥命，吏部持非例，上特許之。 十五年，從大將軍大學士圖海攻平涼，輔臣降。 圖海疏令有德還駐西安。 之茂等尚駐秦嶺，十七年，與副都統覺和託督兵擊之，降其裨將王世祜等。
Wang Fuchen turned rebel. In the fourteenth year the emperor sent Grand General Prince-le Beile Dong'e against him, with Youde as adviser on military affairs and orders to coordinate the joint assault. Dong'e took Qinzhou. Youde petitioned to have his patent of nobility restored. The Board of Civil Officials held that this was not customary, but the emperor made an exception and granted it. In the fifteenth year he marched with Grand General and Grand Secretary Tu Hai against Pingliang, and Fuchen surrendered. Tu Hai memorialized that Youde should withdraw and take up garrison duty at Xi'an. Zhimao and his men still held the Qinling. In the seventeenth year Youde and Vice Banner Commander Jioheto led troops against them and received the surrender of assistant generals such as Wang Shihu.
29
十八年，調雲貴總督。 師克漢中，上諭責「有德、德地等前駐廣元督餉遲誤，致數年來逆賊逋誅，兵民苦累。 今大兵前進，督撫諸臣有誤餉運，以軍法從事。」 王大臣議師自湖廣進徵雲、貴，綠旗兵當有統帥，以湖廣總督蔡毓榮及有德名上，上以命毓榮，令有德受節制。 有德尋疾作，留駐常德。 十九年，卒。
In the eighteenth year he was transferred to governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou. After Hanzhong fell, the emperor rebuked them: "Youde, Dedi, and the rest once garrisoned Guangyuan and delayed the provisioning of the army, so that for years the rebels escaped punishment and soldiers and civilians bore the cost. Now that the main force is advancing, any governor or grand coordinator who mishandles supply transport will be dealt with under military law." The princes and ministers agreed that the expedition into Yunnan and Guizhou should advance from Huguang and that the Green Standard forces required a supreme commander. They put forward Huguang Governor Cai Yurong and Youde; the emperor named Yurong and placed Youde under his orders. Youde soon fell ill and stayed behind at Changde. In the nineteenth year he died.
30
=張德地=張德地，初名劉格，漢軍鑲藍旗人。 初以通曉國書，在戶部學習。 順治九年，授宗人府主事，累遷戶部督捕理事官。 康熙元年，擢順天府尹。 二年，授四川巡撫。 疏言：「四川自張獻忠亂後，地曠人稀，請招民承墾。 文武吏招民百戶、墾田十頃以上，予遷轉。」 下部議行。 累加工部尚書銜。 十年，武生劉琯等訐德地主武鄉試得賄鬻武舉，遣副都御史阿範等按治，德地坐斬，命免死奪官。 德地叩閽稱枉，下部覆議，以事無據，复官。 十三年，复授四川巡撫。 時亨犯廣元，德地與有德督兵御之。 十四年，王輔臣叛，命協守西安，尋又命出駐延安。 廣元之役，有德劾德地棄城走，奪官。 二十二年，卒。
=Zhang Dedi= Zhang Dedi, originally named Liu Ge, was a Han bannerman of the Bordered Blue Banner. He first entered the Ministry of Revenue as a trainee because of his command of Manchu. In the ninth year of Shunzhi he was made a registrar in the Imperial Clan Court and rose step by step to commissioner for bandit suppression in the Ministry of Revenue. In the first year of Kangxi he was promoted to intendant of Shuntian Prefecture. In the second year he was appointed governor of Sichuan. He memorialized: "Since the devastation of Zhang Xianzhong's rebellion, Sichuan has lain largely empty; I ask that settlers be recruited to reopen the land. Any civil or military officer who brings in a hundred households and reclaims more than ten qing of land should be rewarded with promotion. The memorial was referred to the ministries and approved. He was repeatedly granted the additional rank of Minister of Works. In the tenth year the military licentiate Liu Guan and others charged that Dedi had taken bribes in the military provincial examination to sell juren degrees. Vice Censor-in-Chief A Fan was sent to investigate. Dedi was sentenced to death; the emperor commuted the sentence to dismissal from office. Dedi beat the Gate drum protesting his innocence. The ministries reviewed the case, found no proof, and restored him to office. In the thirteenth year he was again made governor of Sichuan. When Shiheng attacked Guangyuan, Dedi and Youde jointly commanded the defense. In the fourteenth year, when Wang Fuchen rebelled, he was ordered to help hold Xi'an and soon afterward to take the field at Yan'an. During the Guangyuan fighting, Youde impeached Dedi for abandoning the city and fleeing, and Dedi was dismissed. In the twenty-second year he died.
31
=伊闢=伊闢，字盧源，山東新城人。 順治五年，舉鄉試第一。 十二年，成進士，改庶吉士。 十三年，授御史。 十四年，巡按山西，捕長治亂民勒化龍，窮治其黨與。 十六年，還，掌京畿道，擢通政司參議。 累遷大理寺卿。
=Yi Pi= Yi Pi, styled Luyuan, came from Xincheng in Shandong. In the fifth year of Shunzhi he took first place in the provincial examinations. In the twelfth year he passed the jinshi examination and entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor. In the thirteenth year he was appointed censor. In the fourteenth year, on an investigating tour of Shanxi, he seized the Changzhi rebel Le Hualong and rooted out his whole faction. In the sixteenth year he returned to the capital, took charge of the Metropolitan circuit, and was promoted to vice commissioner of the Office of Transmission. He rose in successive appointments to president of the Court of Review.
32
康熙十九年，授雲南巡撫。 時吳世璠未平，師自廣西、貴州、四川分道入，闢督餉。 圍會城未下，同知劉昆不屈於三桂，為所縶，至是始脫出。 闢從諮策，昆曰：「公用人寬，降人予原職。 今安寧、晉寧、昆陽、呈貢諸縣令悉降人，昆池舟楫往來無禁。 豈有父兄被圍而子弟不為轉輸者？」 闢為罷諸降人，寇餉漸斷。 師久次，慮餉不繼。 闢疏請貴州、廣西二路協濟銀米，上以二路道險山多，轉運不便，遣戶部郎中明額禮、薩木哈詣軍酌議採買。 軍中或議取食民間，布政使王繼文持不可，曰：「現糧支三日，昆陽、宜良寇遺糧，方具資庀役運詣軍前。 兩廣隨軍餉銀十萬在曲靖，當請於總督金光祖，乞相假。 過三日餉不繼，請正繼文軍法。」 闢言於大將軍貝子彰泰，用其議。 不三日，銀粟皆至，民以得安，餉亦無闕。 闢疏言：「雲南地處天末，當得重臣彈壓。 元鎮以親王，明則黔國公任留守。 王師計日蕩平，臣自鎮遠至雲南，途次聞士民語，僉謂大將軍貝子彰泰、內大臣額駙華善所過不擾，請特簡一人鎮守。」 章下所司。 闢旋病作，遺疏薦繼文自代。 卒，賜祭葬。
In the nineteenth year of Kangxi he was appointed governor of Yunnan. Wu Shifan was not yet subdued. Imperial columns entered from Guangxi, Guizhou, and Sichuan by separate routes, and Pi took charge of provisioning. The provincial capital was still under siege. Subprefect Liu Kun had refused to yield to Sangui, was taken prisoner, and had only just made his escape. Pi asked his advice. Kun said: "You are lenient in your appointments and put surrendered men back in their old offices. At present the magistrates of Anning, Jinning, Kunyang, and Chenggong are all former rebels, and traffic on Kunming Lake moves without hindrance. When fathers and elder brothers are under siege, will their sons and younger brothers not keep the supplies moving? Pi thereupon removed all the surrendered officials from office, and the enemy's supplies began to fail. The army had camped for a long time, and there was fear the supplies would run out. Pi memorialized for silver and grain from Guizhou and Guangxi. The emperor replied that both routes were mountainous and treacherous and overland transport impracticable, and sent Revenue Ministry directors Ming'eli and Samuha to the front to arrange local purchases. Some officers proposed requisitioning food from the populace. Provincial Administration Commissioner Wang Jiwen objected: "We have grain for three days on hand. Grain the rebels left at Kunyang and Yiliang is being gathered and sent forward. A hundred thousand taels of campaign funds from Guangdong and Guangxi are at Qujing; we should ask Governor Jin Guangzu to advance them. If supplies still fail after three days, I ask that I myself be punished under military law." Pi laid the plan before Grand General Prince Zhentai, who accepted it. In less than three days silver and grain both arrived; the people were spared harm and the army's needs were met. Pi memorialized: "Yunnan lies at the uttermost edge of the realm and requires a senior minister to keep it in hand. The Yuan posted a prince as military governor; the Ming entrusted the Duke of Qian with the garrison. The imperial armies will soon sweep the province clean. From Zhenyuan to Yunnan I heard the same report everywhere: Grand General Prince Zhentai and Inner Minister and Imperial Son-in-law Huashan march without troubling the people. I ask that a single senior appointee be chosen to hold the province afterward. The memorial was sent to the appropriate offices. Pi soon fell ill and, in a final memorial, recommended Jiwen as his successor. He died and was granted state funeral honors.
33
=正繼文=繼文，字在燕，漢軍鑲黃旗人。 自官學生授弘文院編修，遷兵部督捕副理事官。 順治十二年，考選御史，巡按陝西。 初受事，即疏劾布政使黃紀、興屯道白士麟貪污不法，奪官逮治。 十四年，還京師，都察院列上繼文在官劾文武吏四十餘，督開荒田七千頃有奇，招徠流移民五千八百餘，察出虛冒錢糧七千七百有奇，實心任事，允為稱職。 遷戶部郎中。 十八年，授江西饒九南道。 康熙三年，調浙江寧紹台道。 六年，缺裁。
=Wang Jiwen= Jiwen, styled Zaiyan, was a Han bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner. Raised from the Imperial Academy, he was made a Hanlin compiler and then transferred to vice commissioner for bandit suppression in the Ministry of War. In the twelfth year of Shunzhi he was chosen censor and sent on an investigating tour of Shaanxi. The moment he took up his post he impeached Provincial Administration Commissioner Huang Ji and Agricultural Reclamation Intendant Bai Shilin for graft and malfeasance; both were dismissed and arrested. In the fourteenth year he returned to the capital. The Censorate reported that in Shaanxi Jiwen had impeached more than forty civil and military officers, overseen the reclamation of over seven thousand qing of wasteland, brought in more than five thousand eight hundred displaced settlers, and exposed more than seven thousand seven hundred in false tax and grain claims — a record of conscientious service that fully justified his promotion. He was transferred to a directorship in the Ministry of Revenue. In the eighteenth year he was made intendant of the Rao-Jiunan circuit in Jiangxi. In the third year of Kangxi he was transferred to the Ning-Shao-Tai circuit in Zhejiang. In the sixth year that post was abolished.
34
十三年，師討吳三桂，命以候補道從左都御史多諾等如荊州督餉，用繼文策度地建倉，分餽東西二路軍及水師。 旋授雲南布政使，從師進徵。 二十年，代闢為巡撫，佐將軍趙良棟攻克會城，雲南遂定。 二十一年，與總督蔡毓榮疏言：「會城東南舊有金汁河，引盤龍江水入昆明池，舊存壩閘涵洞，積水溉田。 世璠毀為壕塹，令官吏捐資修治。」 下部議，捐銀百，紀錄一次。 二十五年，以憂歸。 二十八年，复授巡撫，疏言：「黑井鹽課，三桂月增課銀二千兩，請豁除。 屯田科賦十倍於民田，重為民累，請分別改視民田起科。」 三十年，疏言：「土司奏銷遲誤，例無處分，請比照流官計俸罰米，移貯附近常平倉備荒賑。」 皆議行。
In the thirteenth year, during the campaign against Wu Sangui, he was sent as a candidate intendant with Left Censor-in-Chief Duonuo and others to Jingzhou to manage supplies. His scheme to survey sites, erect granaries, and feed the eastern and western columns and the river force was put into effect. He was soon made provincial administration commissioner of Yunnan and marched with the expedition. In the twentieth year he succeeded Pi as governor, helped General Zhao Liangdong take the provincial capital, and Yunnan was brought to order. In the twenty-first year he and Governor Cai Yurong wrote: "Southeast of the capital lay the old Jinzhi River, which channeled Panlong River water into Kunming Lake through dams, sluices, and culverts to irrigate the fields. Shifan had torn them up for trenches; we ask that officials be ordered to contribute toward their restoration. The ministries approved the plan, with a contribution of one hundred taels of silver and one recorded merit for the memorialists. In the twenty-fifth year he went home to mourn a parent's death. In the twenty-eighth year he was again made governor and memorialized: "At the Heijing salt works Sangui had added two thousand taels of silver to the monthly levy; I ask that this surcharge be abolished. Taxes on military colony land run ten times those on ordinary farmland and crush the people; I ask that they be reclassified and assessed like civilian holdings. In the thirtieth year he wrote: "Native chieftains who delay their accounts face no penalty; I propose that, as with regular officials, fines in grain be assessed from their salaries and deposited in nearby Ever-Normal granaries for famine relief. All of these proposals were approved.
35
三十三年，擢雲貴總督。 三十七年，討平魯魁山寇，釐定汛界，駐兵防守。 又疏議收水西宣慰使地，改屬大定、平遠、黔西三州流官管轄，均如所請。 是歲冬，朝京師，以老病乞致仕。 尋命修理子牙河工。 賜御書榜曰「煙霞耆舊」。 四十年，加兵部尚書銜。 四十二年，卒，賜祭葬。 子用霖，官山東布政使。
In the thirty-third year he was promoted to governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou. In the thirty-seventh year he put down the Lukuishan bandits, fixed the garrison boundaries, and posted troops to hold them. He further proposed bringing the Shuixi Pacification Commissioner's territory under the regular administration of Dading, Pingyuan, and Qianxi; all was approved as he asked. That winter he traveled to the capital and, being old and infirm, asked to retire. He was soon ordered to oversee repairs on the Ziya River. The throne bestowed an imperial plaque inscribed "Elder among Mist and Clouds." In the fortieth year he received the additional rank of Minister of War. He died in the forty-second year, and the court granted him the rites of funeral sacrifice. His son Yonglin rose to Provincial Administration Commissioner of Shandong.
36
=【論】=論曰：毓榮統綠旗兵下雲南，廉清不逮趙良棟，戰績與相亞。 哈佔鎮陝西，衛國定江西，有德略四川，督餉治軍，其於戡亂皆與有功。 雲南既下，撫綏安集之績，毓榮開之，繼文成之，自是西南遂底於平矣。
Commentary: Yurong led the Green Standard army into Yunnan. He was not Zhao Liangdong's equal in probity, but his military record stood nearly on a par. Hazhan held Shaanxi, Weiguo pacified Jiangxi, and Youde secured Sichuan while supervising provisions and disciplining the troops; each contributed materially to putting down the rebellion. After Yunnan fell, the work of pacification and resettlement was begun by Yurong and carried on by Jiwen; from that point the southwest was settled for good.