Volume 281 Biographies 68: Fei Yanggu, Ma Sika, Tong Guo Gang, A Nan Da, Ji Leitabu, Yin Huaxing, Pan Zilong, E Lun Te

列傳六十八

Biography 68

費揚古滿丕碩岱素丹馬斯喀佟國綱邁圖格斯泰

Fei Yanggu; Manpi; Shuodai; Masika; Tong Guogang; Maitugesitai

阿南達子阿喇納吉勒塔布殷化行

A Nanda (and his son Ala'na); Jileitabu; Yin Huaxing

潘育龍孫紹週從孫之善額倫特康泰泰弟海

Pan Yulong and Sun Shaozhou; Zhishan, a descendant in the younger line; E'lunte; Kang Tai; and Kang Tai's younger brother Hai

費揚古，棟鄂氏，滿洲正白旗人，內大臣三等伯鄂碩子。狀貌魁異。年十四，襲爵。

Fei Yanggu, of the Dong'e clan and a Manchu of the Plain White Banner, was the son of Esuo, an interior chamberlain and third-rank baron. He was striking in stature and bearing. At fourteen he succeeded to the hereditary rank.

康熙十三年，從安親王岳樂率兵徇江西討吳三桂。三桂將黃乃忠糾眾萬餘自長沙犯袁州，費揚古與副都統沃赫、總兵趙應奎擊敗之，克萬載。十五年，擊走夏國相於萍鄉，進圍長沙，累戰皆捷。十八年，复敗吳國貴於武岡。師還，擢領侍衛內大臣，列議政大臣。

In the thirteenth year of the Kangxi reign (1674), he followed Prince An of the First Rank, Yuele, in campaigning through Jiangxi against Wu Sangui. Wu Sangui's general Huang Naizhong raised a force of more than ten thousand from Changsha and struck at Yuanzhou. Fei Yanggu, Deputy Commander Wohe, and Regional Commander Zhao Yingkui routed them and took Wanzai. In the fifteenth year (1676) he repelled Xia Guoxiang at Pingxiang, pressed the siege of Changsha, and won victory after victory. In the eighteenth year (1679) he again defeated Wu Guigui at Wugang. After the campaign he was promoted to senior chamberlain of the guard and made a deliberative minister.

噶爾丹劫掠喀爾喀，遣使諭罷兵，不從，數擾邊境。二十九年，授裕親王福全為撫遠大將軍，率師討之，命費揚古往科爾沁徵兵，參贊軍事。秋，擊敗噶爾丹於烏闌布通。三十二年，歸化城增戍兵，以費揚古為安北將軍駐焉。三十三年，噶爾丹遣使至，請入貢。費揚古發兵迎護，偵其眾男婦千五百有奇，留之歸化城。疏聞，上察噶爾丹意叵測，陽為修好，潛遣入內地窺探，命侍郎滿丕諭責其使，遣之還。七月，聞噶爾丹將窺圖拉，詔費揚古偕右衛將軍希福率軍往禦。希福請益兵，上責其疑沮，令勿偕往。尋以圖拉無警，慮噶爾丹將趨歸化城，詔費揚古旋師。三十四年，噶爾丹至哈密，費揚古往禦，乃自圖拉河西竄。尋授右衛將軍，仍兼攝歸化城將軍事。疏言：「聞噶爾丹據巴顏烏闌，距歸化城約二千里，宜集兵運糧，於來年二月進剿。」詔授費揚古撫遠大將軍，以都統伊勒慎，護軍統領宗室費揚固、瓦爾達，副都統碩岱，將軍舒恕參贊軍事。尋召入覲，授以方略。

Galdan raided the Khalkha Mongols. The court sent envoys demanding that he stand down, but he refused and repeatedly harassed the border. In the twenty-ninth year (1690) Prince Yu of the First Rank, Fuquan, was appointed Pacification Commissioner-in-Chief and marched against Galdan. Fei Yanggu was sent to raise troops among the Khorchin and to serve on his staff. That autumn Galdan was defeated at Ulan Butung. In the thirty-second year (1693) the garrison at Guihua City was reinforced, and Fei Yanggu was appointed Pacification General of the North and posted there. In the thirty-third year (1694) Galdan sent envoys asking to resume tribute missions. Fei Yanggu sent troops to meet and escort the party, found more than fifteen hundred men and women, and held them at Guihua City. In his memorial Fei Yanggu reported what he had found. The Emperor judged Galdan's intentions untrustworthy: he was making a show of peace while secretly probing the interior. The Emperor ordered Vice Minister Manpi to rebuke the envoys and send them home. In the seventh month, hearing that Galdan meant to move against Tula, the Emperor ordered Fei Yanggu and General of the Right Guard Xifu to take troops to meet the threat. Xifu asked for reinforcements. The Emperor reproached him for timidity and told him not to accompany the expedition. Soon, with no threat at Tula but fear that Galdan would strike toward Guihua City instead, the Emperor ordered Fei Yanggu to withdraw. In the thirty-fourth year (1695) Galdan reached Hami. Fei Yanggu marched to meet him, and Galdan slipped away west of the Tula River. He was soon made General of the Right Guard while retaining command at Guihua City. He memorialized: "I hear that Galdan holds Bayan Ulan, roughly two thousand li from Guihua City. We should gather troops and supplies and launch a punitive campaign in the second month of next year." The Emperor appointed Fei Yanggu Pacification Commissioner-in-Chief, with Commander-in-Chief Yilezhen, imperial clansmen Fayanggu and Wa'erda as guard commanders, Deputy Commander Shuodai, and General Shuxu on his staff. He was soon called to court and given his orders in person.

三十五年二月，詔親征，三路出師，以黑龍江將軍薩布素出東路，費揚古出西路，振武將軍孫思克、西安將軍博霽自陝西出鎮彝並進，上親督諸軍自獨石口出中路。上與費揚古期四月會師圖拉。費揚古師自翁金口進次烏闌厄爾幾，再進次察罕河朔，與孫思克師會，而上已循克魯倫河深入。五月，費揚古師至圖拉，疏言：「西路有草之地為賊所焚，我軍每迂道秣馬，又遇雨，糧運遲滯，師行七十餘日，人馬疲困，乞上緩軍以待。」上進次西巴爾台，再進次額爾德尼拖洛海。噶爾丹屯克魯倫河，聞上親督師至，升孟納爾山遙望，見御營，大驚，盡棄其廬帳、器械遁去。上命馬思喀為平北大將軍，逐噶爾丹，並密諭費揚古要擊，親督大軍躡其後。次中拖陵，費揚古偵知噶爾丹走特勒爾濟，遣前鋒統領碩岱、副都統阿南達、阿迪等率兵先往挑戰，且戰且卻，誘至昭莫多。昭莫多者，蒙古語「大林」也，在肯特嶺之南、土臘河之北。費揚古分兵三隊，東則京城、西安諸軍及察哈爾蒙古兵，屯山上；西則右衛、大同諸軍及喀爾喀蒙古兵，沿河列陣；孫思克率綠旗兵居其中。並遵上方略，令官兵皆步戰，俟敵卻，乃上馬衝擊。噶爾丹眾猶有萬餘人，冒死鏖鬥，自未至酉，戰甚力。費揚古遙望噶爾丹後陣不動，知為婦女、駝畜所在，麾精騎襲其輜重，敵大亂，乘夜逐北三十餘裡，至特勒爾濟口，斬級三千餘，俘數百人，獲駝馬、牛羊、廬帳、器械無算。噶爾丹妻阿奴喀屯素悍，能戰，亦殪於陣。噶爾丹引數騎遠竄，費揚古令阿南達詣御營奏捷。上乃班師，令費揚古駐守科圖。

In the second month of the thirty-fifth year (1696) the Emperor took the field in person. Three columns moved out: Heilongjiang General Sabusu on the east, Fei Yanggu on the west, and Pacification General Sun Sike and Xi'an General Boji from Shaanxi through Zhenyi, while the Emperor led the center from Dushikou. The Emperor and Fei Yanggu agreed to join forces at Tula in the fourth month. Fei Yanggu marched from Wengjin Pass to Ulan Erji and on to Chahan Heshuo, where he joined Sun Sike—by which time the Emperor had already driven deep along the Kerulen. In the fifth month Fei Yanggu reached Tula and reported: "The enemy has burned the pasture on our western line. We must constantly detour to graze our horses. Rain has slowed the grain convoys. We have been on the march more than seventy days, and men and horses are spent. I beg Your Majesty to pause the advance until we can recover." The Emperor pressed on to Xibaltai and then to Erdeni Tolohai. Galdan was camped on the Kerulen. Learning that the Emperor had come in person, he climbed Mount Mengna'er to look out, saw the imperial camp, and in alarm abandoned his tents and arms and fled. The Emperor named Masika Pacification Commissioner-in-Chief of the North to pursue Galdan, secretly ordered Fei Yanggu to cut him off, and followed with the main army. At Zhongtuoling, Fei Yanggu learned that Galdan was heading for Tellerji. He sent Vanguard Commander Shuodai, Deputy Commander A Nanda, Adi, and others ahead to skirmish, fighting as they fell back until they drew Galdan to Jao Modo. Jao Modo—"great forest" in Mongolian—lies south of the Khentii Mountains and north of the Tula River. Fei Yanggu divided his army into three wings. On the east, the Beijing and Xi'an detachments and Chahar Mongols held the heights; on the west, the Right Guard and Datong troops and Khalkha Mongols formed a line along the river; and Sun Sike with the Green Standard troops held the center. Following the Emperor's plan, every man fought on foot and mounted for the charge only when the enemy broke. Galdan still had more than ten thousand men, and they fought with desperate fury from mid-afternoon until evening. From a distance Fei Yanggu saw Galdan's rear guard standing fast and knew it shielded the women and baggage. He sent elite cavalry against the train. The enemy collapsed. Through the night they chased the fugitives more than thirty li to Tellerji, killing more than three thousand, taking hundreds prisoner, and seizing camels, horses, cattle, sheep, tents, and arms beyond count. Galdan's wife Anukhatun was a fierce fighter in her own right and was also killed in the battle. Galdan escaped with only a handful of riders. Fei Yanggu sent A Nanda to the imperial camp with news of the victory. The Emperor then withdrew and left Fei Yanggu to hold Ketu.

尋命移駐喀爾喀郡王善巴游牧地，诇噶爾丹所往。甫至，噶爾丹潛使台吉丹濟拉率千五百人入掠喀爾喀牲畜、糗糧，遣副都統祖良璧禦卻之，追至翁金河，丹濟拉敗遁。尋以馬疲，請移軍駐喀喇穆倫。會噶爾丹使其宰桑格壘沽英等來請納款，上再幸塞外，駐蹕東斯垓。召費揚古至行在入對，上褒其功，奏曰：「軍中機務，皆遵皇上指授，並未有所效力。況西路糧匱馬乏，不能前進。及聞駕至克魯倫，官兵無不奮發，不俟督責，力戰破敵。奈臣庸劣，皇上窮追困蹙之寇，臣不能生擒以獻，實臣罪也。」上曰：「噶爾丹窮蹙，朕不忍悉加誅戮，不如撫而活之。」對曰：「此天地好生之仁，非臣等所能測也。」賜禦佩櫜鞬、弓矢，命還軍。

He was soon ordered to shift his camp to the pastures of the Khalkha prince Shanba and to track Galdan's movements. He had scarcely arrived when Galdan secretly sent the taiji Danjila with fifteen hundred men to raid Khalkha herds and grain. Fei Yanggu sent Deputy Commander Zuliangbi to drive them off and pursued them to the Wengjin River, where Danjila was beaten and fled. Soon, with his horses spent, he asked to move his command to Karakorum. About then Galdan sent his zaisang Geleiguying and others to offer submission. The Emperor again traveled beyond the passes and encamped at Dongsige. Fei Yanggu was called to the traveling palace. The Emperor praised his service. Fei Yanggu replied: "Every decision in the field followed Your Majesty's orders. I contributed nothing of my own. Moreover, on the western route we were short of grain and our horses were exhausted; we could not advance. When word came that Your Majesty had reached the Kerulen, every officer and soldier took heart and, without waiting to be driven, fought until the enemy broke. Yet I am unworthy. Your Majesty pursued a foe already at bay, and I failed to take him alive. That failure is mine alone." The Emperor said: "Galdan is at the end of his rope. I cannot bring myself to slaughter them all. It is better to show mercy and let them live." He answered: "That is the mercy by which Heaven and Earth cherish life—more than we can measure." The Emperor gave him the imperial quiver, bow case, and bow and arrows and ordered him back to his command.

三十六年春正月，阿南達自肅州奏哈密回人擒獻噶爾丹子塞卜騰巴爾珠爾等，上以其疏錄示費揚古，並賜胙肉、鹿尾、關東魚，諭曰：「時當上元令節，眾蒙古及投誠厄魯特等齊集暢春園，適阿南達疏至，眾皆喜悅。爾獨居邊塞，不得在朕左右，故以疏示，並問爾無恙，即如與爾相見也。」

In the first month of the thirty-sixth year (1697), A Nanda reported from Suzhou that Muslims of Hami had captured Galdan's son Sebeten Barjur and others. The Emperor copied the memorial for Fei Yanggu and sent sacrificial meat, deer tail, and fish from the northeast with this message: "It is the Lantern Festival. Mongols and surrendered Eleuths have gathered at the Garden of Exuberant Spring. When A Nanda's report arrived, everyone rejoiced. You alone are on the frontier and cannot be at my side. I send you the memorial and ask after your health—as though we were meeting in person." (closing quotation mark in the source.)

二月，上复親征，自榆林出塞，詔費揚古密籌進剿。費揚古以去歲未生擒噶爾丹，請解大將軍任，上不允，令便宜調遣軍馬。費揚古進次薩奇爾巴爾哈孫，丹濟拉使來，言噶爾丹至阿察阿穆塔台飲藥自殺，欲攜其屍及其女鍾齊海率三百戶來歸。費揚古以聞，上乃班師，令費揚古駐察罕諾爾以待。六月，丹濟拉至哈密。費揚古有疾，詔昭武將軍馬思喀代領其軍。還京師，仍領侍衛內大臣，進一等公，仍以未生擒噶爾丹疏辭，不允，因諭曰：「昔朕欲親征噶爾丹，眾皆諫止，惟費揚古與朕意合，遂統兵西進。道路遼遠，兼乏水草，乃全無顧慮，直抵昭莫多，俾奸狡積寇挫衄大敗。累年統兵諸將，未有能過之者。」又曰：「屢出征，知為將甚難。費揚古相機調遣，緩急得宜，是以濟事。」

In the second month the Emperor again marched in person, leaving the passes by Yulin, and ordered Fei Yanggu to plan the next strike in secret. Citing his failure to capture Galdan the year before, Fei Yanggu asked to resign the command. The Emperor refused and told him to move troops as he saw fit. Fei Yanggu advanced to Saqier Barhasun. An envoy from Danjila reported that Galdan had reached Acha Amutai, taken poison, and died, and wished to bring his body and his daughter Zhongqihai with three hundred households to submit. Fei Yanggu reported the news. The Emperor withdrew and ordered him to wait at Chahan Nu'er. In the sixth month Danjila arrived at Hami. Fei Yanggu fell ill, and Pacification General Masika was ordered to take over his command. Back in the capital he resumed his post as senior chamberlain of the guard and was promoted to first-class duke. He again declined, citing his failure to capture Galdan alive. The Emperor refused and said: "When I first meant to take the field against Galdan, everyone urged me to stay home. Only Fei Yanggu shared my purpose and led the army west. The march was long, water and pasture scarce, yet he never hesitated. He reached Jao Modo and broke a cunning foe who had plagued the frontier for years. In all the years of campaigning, no commander has done more." He added: "After so many campaigns I know how hard command is. Fei Yanggu judged when to press and when to wait. That is why the campaign succeeded." (closing quotation mark in the source.)

四十年，從幸索約勒濟，中途疾作，上駐蹕一日，親臨視疾，賜禦帳、蟒緞、鞍馬、帑銀五千，遣大臣護之還京師。尋卒，賜祭葬，諡襄壯。以子辰泰襲一等侯、兼拖沙喇哈番。

In the fortieth year (1701) he accompanied the Emperor to Suoyoleji. He fell ill on the road. The Emperor halted for a day, visited him in person, gave him an imperial tent, python robes, a saddle horse, and five thousand taels of silver, and sent ministers to escort him home. He died soon after. The court granted funeral rites and gave him the posthumous name Xiangzhuang. His son Chentai succeeded to the rank of first-class marquis and to the hereditary tosaha office.

費揚古樸直有遠慮。昭莫多破賊，費揚古令幕府具疏減斬馘之數，備言「師行迷道絕糧，皆臣失算，賴聖主威福，徼幸成功，非意料所及」。幕府或咎其失體，費揚古曰：「今天子親禦六師，如見策勳，易啟窮兵黷武之漸，非國家福也。」及還京師，上嘗命大臣校射，費揚古以臂痛辭。出語人云：「我嘗為大將事，一矢不中，為外籓笑，損國家威重，故不敢與角耳。」

Fei Yanggu was plainspoken, upright, and far-sighted. After Jao Modo he ordered his staff to draft a victory report that lowered the head count and insisted that "the army lost its way and ran out of grain through my errors alone; we succeeded only by the Emperor's fortune, not by any plan of mine." Some on his staff called this improper. Fei Yanggu said: "The Son of Heaven has taken the field in person. A triumphal roll of honors would only encourage endless war. That is no blessing to the realm." Back in the capital the Emperor once ordered the ministers to a shooting match. Fei Yanggu pleaded a sore arm and declined. Outside he explained: "I was once a field commander. One missed shot would make the frontier peoples laugh and diminish the state's prestige. That is why I will not compete." (closing quotation mark in the source.)

滿丕，伊爾根覺羅氏，滿洲正藍旗人。世管佐領，自讚禮郎累遷御史，兼管佐領。以事奪官。從都統郎坦赴尼布楚與俄羅斯使臣議界，還授理籓院郎中。

Manpi, of the Irgen Gioro clan, was a Manchu of the Plain Blue Banner. His family held a hereditary company command. He rose from master of ceremonies through successive posts to censor while retaining command of the company. He lost his post over a disciplinary matter. He accompanied Commander-in-Chief Langtan to Nerchinsk to negotiate the border with Russian envoys and, on his return, was made a director in the Court of Colonial Affairs.

二十九年，偕員外郎鄂齊爾賚敕宣示噶爾丹。時大將軍裕親王福全統師往烏闌布通，上親臨邊指授方略，滿丕以噶爾丹奏書至，因言賊距大軍僅百里，請往擊之。上許之，遂赴烏闌布通督火器營，擊敗噶爾丹，得頭等功牌。累擢理籓院侍郎。三十三年，費揚古進軍圖拉，尚書阿喇尼率蒙古兵為前哨，命滿丕協同經理驛站。三十四年，命往歸化城協理軍務。三十五年，上親征，命將兩藍旗兵赴費揚古軍，自翁金趨圖拉，破賊昭莫多。奉詔還歸化城，察視凱旋官兵行糧，及撫輯降人。旋仍赴費揚古軍，移駐喀爾喀游牧界外塔拉布拉克，偵防噶爾丹，收降其部人札木素等。未幾，噶爾丹竄死，召還京，列議政大臣，予拖沙喇哈番世職。

In the twenty-ninth year (1690) he and Vice Director Eqi'er carried an imperial edict to Galdan. Pacification Commissioner Prince Yu Fuquan was then marching on Ulan Butung while the Emperor directed operations from the frontier. When Manpi arrived with Galdan's memorial, he reported that the enemy lay only a hundred li ahead and asked leave to attack. The Emperor agreed. Manpi went to Ulan Butung to command the firearms brigade, helped defeat Galdan, and received a first-class merit tablet. He rose step by step to vice president of the Court of Colonial Affairs. In the thirty-third year (1694), as Fei Yanggu advanced on Tula, Minister Ala'ni led Mongol vanguard troops and Manpi was ordered to help manage the relay stations. In the thirty-fourth year (1695) he was sent to Guihua City to assist in military affairs. In the thirty-fifth year (1696), during the Emperor's personal campaign, he led the two Blue Banner detachments to Fei Yanggu's army, marched from Wengjin toward Tula, and fought at Jao Modo. By imperial order he returned to Guihua City to provision the victorious columns and settle the surrendered peoples. He soon rejoined Fei Yanggu, moved to Talaburak beyond the Khalkha pastures, watched for Galdan, and accepted the surrender of Zhamusu and others from Galdan's following. Before long Galdan died in flight. Manpi was recalled to the capital, made a deliberative minister, and granted a hereditary tosaha office.

三十九年，命往四川勘撫番、蠻，同提督唐希順攻复打箭爐。於是雅隴江濱瞻對、喇袞、革布什咱、綽斯甲布諸土目各率所屬戶口投誠。奏請授五品安撫司，其副為六品土百戶，從之。擢正藍旗蒙古都統，以疾乞罷，尋卒。

In the thirty-ninth year (1700) he was sent to Sichuan to survey and pacify the Fan and Man peoples and, with Provincial Commander Tang Xishun, recovered Dajianlu. The native chiefs along the Yalong—Zhandui, Laga, Gebushizan, Chuosijiabu, and others—then led their people to submit. He memorialized to grant them fifth-rank pacification commissions with sixth-rank native deputies, and the court approved. He was promoted to Mongol commander-in-chief of the Plain Blue Banner, asked to retire on grounds of illness, and died soon after.

碩岱，喜塔喇氏，滿洲正白旗人。先世居尼雅滿山，有昂郭都哩巴顏者，歸太祖，碩岱其五世孫也。初授二等侍衛，兼甲喇額真。世祖幸南苑，碩岱與一等伯巴什泰及蒙古侍衛素尼並從。素尼猝拔刀殺巴什泰，碩岱即舉所執長槍擊素尼，立僕，擒之，置諸法。上嘉其勇敢，予世職拜他喇布勒哈番兼拖沙喇哈番。授巴牙喇甲喇章京。

Shuodai, of the Xitala clan, was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner. His forebears lived on Mount Niyaman. Angguduri Bayan submitted to Taizu, and Shuodai was his fifth-generation descendant. He was first appointed a second-class guardsman and concurrently a jalan ejen. When the Shizu Emperor visited the Southern Park, Shuodai attended with First-class Baron Basitai and the Mongol guardsman Suni. Suni suddenly drew his sword and killed Basitai. Shuodai instantly struck him down with the long spear he carried, seized him, and had him executed. The Emperor praised his courage and granted him hereditary baitalaburuhan and tosaha ranks. He was appointed a bayara jalan janggin.

從將軍卓布泰南征，渡盤江，擊敗李成蛟。復進攻李定國，度磨盤山遇伏，力戰破之。又從將軍濟席哈討定山東土寇於七。康熙初，擢前鋒統領。吳三桂反，命率兵先諸軍發，駐守荊州。尋命參贊順承郡王勒爾錦軍務。未幾，罷參贊，從將軍穆占等攻長沙。三桂將馬寶、胡國柱等犯永興，碩岱往援失利，棄營入城。穆佔劾之，還京師，罷官，奪世職。

He followed General Zhuobutai on the southern campaign, crossed the Pan River, and defeated Li Chengjiao. Pressing on against Li Dingguo, he crossed Mount Mopan, ran into an ambush, and fought through it. He again followed General Jixihai to put down Shandong bandits at Yuqi. Early in the Kangxi reign he was promoted to vanguard commander. When Wu Sangui rebelled, he was ordered to march ahead of the other columns and hold Jingzhou. He was soon assigned to Prince Shuncheng Le'erjin's staff. Soon he left the staff role and joined General Muzhan in the attack on Changsha. Wu Sangui's generals Ma Bao and Hu Guozhu attacked Yongxing. Shuodai marched to relieve the city, was beaten, abandoned his camp, and withdrew into the walls. Muzhan impeached him. He returned to the capital, lost his post, and was stripped of his hereditary rank.

二十九年，起為正白旗滿洲副都統，從定北將軍瓦岱徵噶爾丹，至克魯倫河，偵賊遠遁，遂還。尋偕都統噶爾瑪率兵駐大同。三十五年，大將軍費揚古出師西路，命碩岱署前鋒統領，率大同護軍二百八十人為前鋒。噶爾丹遁往西路，命費揚古要擊，偵賊至特勒爾濟口，令碩岱率前鋒挑戰，誘至昭莫多，合圍奮擊，斬獲無算。師還，擢內大臣，复世職，進三等阿達哈哈番。五十一年，卒。子海綬，於雍正七年以護軍校隨大將軍傅爾丹徵準噶爾，擊賊和通呼爾哈諾爾，陣沒，議卹，予世職拖沙喇哈番。

In the twenty-ninth year (1690) he was recalled as Manchu deputy commander of the Plain White Banner and joined Pacification General of the North Wadai against Galdan. At the Kerulen he found the enemy had fled and turned back. He soon joined Commander-in-Chief Ga'erma in garrisoning Datong. In the thirty-fifth year (1696), when Grand General Fei Yanggu took the western route, Shuodai was named acting vanguard commander with two hundred eighty Datong guardsmen as the spearhead. Galdan fled west. Fei Yanggu was ordered to cut him off. When scouts reported the enemy at Tellerji, he sent Shuodai's vanguard to skirmish and draw them to Jao Modo, where the combined force surrounded them and killed or captured beyond count. After the campaign he was made an interior minister, his hereditary rank was restored, and he was advanced to third-class adahahan. He died in the fifty-first year (1712). His son Haishou served as a guards officer under Grand General Furdan in the Zunghar campaign of the seventh Yongzheng year (1729), was killed at Huitong Hu'erhanuo'er, and was granted a hereditary tosaha office in recognition.

素丹，富察氏，滿洲正黃旗人，費雅思哈子。襲世職，授護軍參領。從裕親王擊噶爾丹，戰烏闌布通，中箭傷。擢護軍統領，命帥師駐大同。康熙三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，命素丹發兵與費揚古刻期並進。尋召赴行在，統前鋒兵為導。上次克魯倫河，素丹請俟費揚古軍至夾擊。師還，賜內廝馬，改授前鋒統領。以疾解任。

Sudan, of the Fuca clan and a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner, was the son of Feiyasaha. He inherited the family rank and was appointed a guards adjutant. He fought under Prince Yu against Galdan at Ulan Butung and was wounded by an arrow. He was promoted to guards commander and posted at Datong with his troops. In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), during the Emperor's personal campaign against Galdan, Sudan was ordered to march on a fixed schedule with Fei Yanggu. He was soon called to the traveling palace to lead the vanguard as guide. When the Emperor reached the Kerulen, Sudan urged waiting for Fei Yanggu so they could strike from both sides. After the campaign he received an imperial horse and was made vanguard commander. Illness forced him to resign.

雍正初，命大將軍年羹堯徵青海，起素丹參贊軍務。西寧郭隆寺喇嘛助亂，素丹與提督岳鍾琪討平之。授正黃旗蒙古都統，署固原提督。尋改正紅旗滿洲都統，列議政大臣，仍駐守陝西。七年，師徵準噶爾，命素丹將西安滿洲兵出涼州，卒於軍，賜祭葬，諡勤僖。

Early in the Yongzheng reign, when Grand General Nian Gengyao was sent against Qinghai, Sudan was recalled to his staff. Lamas of Guolong Monastery at Xining aided the rebels. Sudan and Provincial Commander Yue Zhongqi put them down. He was made Mongol commander-in-chief of the Plain Yellow Banner and acting provincial commander of Guyuan. He was soon transferred to Manchu commander of the Bordered Red Banner, made a deliberative minister, and remained in Shaanxi. In the seventh year (1729), during the Zunghar campaign, he led the Xi'an Manchu troops out from Liangzhou, died on campaign, and was granted funeral rites with the posthumous name Qinxi.

馬斯喀，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，米思翰長子。初授侍衛兼佐領。康熙二十七年，自護軍參領授武備院卿。二十八年，遷鑲黃旗滿洲副都統。尋擢內務府總管、領侍衛內大臣，兼管火器營。

Masika, of the Fuca clan and a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner, was the eldest son of Misihan. He was first appointed a guardsman and company commander. In the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688) he rose from guards adjutant to director of the Armory. In the twenty-eighth year (1689) he became Manchu deputy commander of the Bordered Yellow Banner. He soon became superintendent of the Imperial Household, senior chamberlain of the guard, and head of the firearms brigade.

三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，馬斯喀率鑲黃旗鳥槍兵以從，先期命與諸大臣議定出征營陣隊伍序次。上駐郭和蘇台，命閱留牧馬群，議分馬群為七，擇水草佳處為牧地。上進駐西巴爾台，距克魯倫河已近，而費揚古軍未至圖拉，諭王大臣集行營議。信郡王鄂扎請駐師以待，馬斯喀與內大臣蘇勒達、明珠請進薄敵營，上從之。復進次克魯倫河，噶爾丹望見御營嚴整，遂驚遁。上親統師逐之，至拖諾山。授馬斯喀平北大將軍，率師進至巴顏烏闌。噶爾丹敗於昭莫多，北走，所部丹巴哈什哈等詣馬斯喀軍降。馬斯喀與費揚古師會，收集降人，遣兵★送至張家口外，乃還師。列議政大臣。復從上出塞，率師駐大同。

In the thirty-fifth year (1696), on the Emperor's campaign against Galdan, Masika led the Bordered Yellow musketeers. Earlier he had helped the ministers set the order of march and battle array. At Guohesutai the Emperor ordered him to inspect the grazing herds. They divided the herds into seven groups and chose the best pasture for each. The Emperor advanced to Xibaltai, close to the Kerulen, but Fei Yanggu had not yet reached Tula. The princes and ministers were called to council at the camp. Prince Xin Ezha urged waiting. Masika, Interior Ministers Suleda and Mingzhu, urged pressing close to the enemy camp. The Emperor agreed with Masika. When the army reached the Kerulen, Galdan saw the imperial camp in tight order and fled in alarm. The Emperor led the pursuit himself as far as Tuonuo Mountain. Masika was named Pacification Commissioner-in-Chief of the North and marched to Bayan Ulan. After Galdan was beaten at Jao Modo and fled north, his followers Danbahashha and others surrendered to Masika. Masika joined Fei Yanggu, gathered the surrendered peoples, sent troops to escort them to the region outside Zhangjiakou, and withdrew. He was made a deliberative minister. He again followed the Emperor beyond the passes and garrisoned Datong with his troops.

三十六年春，授昭武將軍，移師駐寧夏，都統巴渾德、齊世，將軍薩布素，都統兼前鋒統領碩鼐，護軍統領嵩祝，總兵王化行並參贊軍務。尋命與費揚古會師，馬斯喀以將軍參贊費揚古軍務。初，伊拉古克三胡圖克圖盜馬歸噶爾丹，及噶爾丹死，复投策妄阿拉布坦。費揚古令馬斯喀率師追之，次摩該圖，不能及，引師還。上遣侍郎常綬等諭策妄阿拉布坦，得伊拉古克三胡圖克圖以歸，誅之。馬斯喀坐追剿遲緩，當奪官，上命留內務府總管及佐領。

In the spring of the thirty-sixth year (1697) he was made Pacification General and moved his headquarters to Ningxia, with Bahunde, Qishi, Sabusu, Shuonai, Songzhu, and Regional Commander Wang Huaxing on his staff. He was soon ordered to join Fei Yanggu, serving on his staff as a general. Earlier the Khutuktu Ilaguksan had stolen horses and rejoined Galdan. After Galdan's death he went over to Tsewang Arabtan. Fei Yanggu ordered Masika to pursue him. Masika halted at Mogaitu, failed to catch him, and turned back. The Emperor sent Vice Minister Changshou to Tsewang Arabtan. Ilaguksan was handed over and executed. Masika should have lost his rank for the slow pursuit, but the Emperor let him keep his posts as household superintendent and company commander.

四十一年，授鑲白旗蒙古都統。四十三年，卒，賜白金千，遣內大臣奠茶酒；發引，命皇子往送。賜祭葬，諡襄貞。

In the forty-first year (1702) he was made Mongol commander of the Bordered White Banner. He died in the forty-third year (1704). The court granted a thousand taels of silver and sent an interior minister with offerings of tea and wine; when the funeral procession set out, princes were ordered to escort it. Funeral rites were granted and he received the posthumous name Xiangzhen.

佟國綱，佟佳氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，佟圖賴子。初隸漢軍，領牛錄額真，授侍衛。康熙元年，襲三等精奇尼哈番，授內大臣。十四年，察哈爾布爾尼為亂，授安北將軍，率師駐宣府。布爾尼亂定，引還。十六年，推孝康章皇后外家恩，贈佟圖賴一等公，仍以國綱襲。二十年，授鑲黃旗漢軍都統。疏陳世系，請改入滿洲，下部議，許以本支改入滿洲。二十八年，命與內大臣索額圖等如尼布楚，與俄羅斯使臣費耀多羅等議立約定界。

Tong Guogang, of the Tonggiya clan and a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner, was the son of Tong Tulai. He began in the Chinese Banner as a niru commander and guardsman. In the first year of Kangxi (1662) he inherited a third-class jingqinihafan and became an interior minister. In the fourteenth year (1675), when the Chahar Burni rebelled, he was made Pacification General of the North and posted at Xuanfu. When the rebellion was crushed, he withdrew. In the sixteenth year (1677), honoring the maternal kin of Empress Xiaokangzhang, Tong Tulai was posthumously made a first-class duke and Guogang succeeded to the title. In the twentieth year (1681) he became Chinese Banner commander of the Bordered Yellow Banner. He memorialized on his lineage and asked to be registered as Manchu. The ministry approved the change for his branch alone. In the twenty-eighth year (1689) he joined Interior Minister Songgotu at Nerchinsk to negotiate a boundary treaty with the Russian envoy Fyodor Alekseyevich.

二十九年，大將軍裕親王福全率師討噶爾丹，以國綱參贊軍務。八月己未朔，師次烏闌布通，噶爾丹屯林中，臥駝於前，而兵伏其後。國綱奮勇督兵進擊，中鳥槍，沒於陣。喪還，命皇子迎奠。將葬，上欲親臨，國綱弟國維及諸大臣力阻，乃命諸皇子及諸大臣皆會，賜祭四壇，諡忠勇。上以翰林院撰進碑文不當意，乃自為製文，有曰：「爾以肺腑之親，心膂之寄，乃義存奮激，甘蹈艱危。人盡如斯，寇奚足殄？惟忠生勇，爾實兼之！」雍正初，加贈太傅。

In the twenty-ninth year (1690) Grand General Prince Yu Fuquan marched against Galdan with Guogang on his staff. On the first day of the eighth month the army reached Ulan Butung. Galdan lay in the woods with camels in front and troops ambushed behind. Guogang led a fierce charge, was hit by a musket ball, and fell in the line. When the coffin returned, princes were sent to meet it with libations. Before the burial the Emperor wished to attend in person. Guogang's brother Guowei and the ministers dissuaded him. He ordered all princes and ministers to attend instead, granted sacrifices at four altars, and gave him the posthumous name Zhongyong. Dissatisfied with the Hanlin Academy's draft epitaph, the Emperor wrote it himself: "You were kin of my flesh and the trust of my heart; yet you chose duty over safety and willingly faced peril. If every man were like you, what foe could stand? Loyalty breeds courage—and you had both." Early in the Yongzheng reign he was posthumously made Grand Tutor.

邁圖，亦佟佳氏，滿洲正白旗人。父烏進，國初自哈達來歸。邁圖初授侍衛，從信郡王多尼下貴州，破明桂王將李成蛟於涼水井，李定國於雙河口、於魯噶。從康親王杰書徇福建，討耿精忠，授行營總兵，戰黃岩，克建陽。從將軍拉哈達破鄭錦將何祐於太平山，復興化，拔泉州。從將軍賚塔破錦將劉國軒、吳淑於蜈蚣山，复長泰。皆有功。康熙二十五年，授正白旗蒙古副都統兼佐領。尋署前鋒統領，從征厄魯特，戰烏闌布通，陣沒，諡忠毅，進世職三等阿達哈哈番。

Maitu, also of the Tonggiya clan, was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner. His father Wujin came over from Hada at the dynasty's founding. Maitu began as a guardsman and followed Prince Xin Duoni into Guizhou, defeating Li Chengjiao at Liangshui Well and Li Dingguo at Shuanghekou and Yuluga. He followed Prince Kang Jieshu through Fujian against Geng Jingzhong, was made a field regional commander, fought at Huangyan, and took Jianyang. With General Lahada he defeated Zheng Jing's general He You at Taiping Mountain, recovered Xinghua, and took Quanzhou. With General Laita he defeated Liu Guoxuan and Wu Shu at Wugong Mountain and recovered Changtai. In each campaign he distinguished himself. In the twenty-fifth year of Kangxi (1686) he became Mongol deputy commander of the Plain White Banner and company commander. He soon served as acting vanguard commander on the Eleuth campaign, fell at Ulan Butung, and was given the posthumous name Zhongyi and advancement to third-class adahahan.

格斯泰，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲鑲白旗人，先世居瓦爾喀。父赫勒，歸太祖。從伐明，攻獻縣，先登。入關，西討李自成，破潼關。下江南，徇浙江，破明兵嘉興城下。以牛錄額真授拜他喇布勒哈番。

Gestai, of the Guwalgiya clan and a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner, came from Warka. His father Hele submitted to Taizu. On campaigns against the Ming he was first over the wall at Xian County. After the entry into China he marched west against Li Zicheng and broke Tong Pass. He campaigned south through Zhejiang and routed Ming troops below Jiaxing. As a niru commander he was granted the rank of baitalaburuhan.

格斯泰初為睿親王護衛，從大將軍伊爾德克舟山；從都統瑪奇下雲南，破賊石門坎、黃草壩，克雲南會城：皆有功。累擢前鋒參領兼管佐領。從國綱戰烏闌布通，國綱戰沒，格斯泰直入賊營，左右衝擊，出而復入者再。乘勝追賊至河岸，阻於淖，賊麕集，格斯泰力戰，與邁圖等皆歿於陣。師將發，上賜之馬，格斯泰請自選，得白鼻。或言白鼻古所忌，格斯泰曰：「效命疆場，吾夙原也！何忌？」師還，裕親王奏：「方戰時，親見一將乘白鼻馬三入敵陣，眾皆識為格斯泰也。」賜祭葬，視副都統，予世職拜他喇布勒哈番。

Gestai first served as a guard to Prince Rui and followed Grand General Yilede against Zhoushan; he followed Commander Maqi into Yunnan, defeated the rebels at Shimenkan and Huangcaoba, and took the provincial capital—earning merit in each. He rose to vanguard adjutant while retaining command of his company. At Ulan Butung, when Guogang fell, Gestai charged into the enemy camp, struck again and again, withdrew, and went back in twice. Pursuing to the riverbank he was stopped by marsh. The enemy closed in. Gestai fought on, and he, Maitu, and others all fell in the line. Before the army marched out, the Emperor gave him a horse. Gestai asked to choose his own and picked one with a white blaze. Some said a white blaze was an ill omen of old. Gestai replied, "To die on the frontier has long been my wish! What is there to fear? (closing quotation mark in the source.) When the army returned, Prince Yu reported that during the fight he had seen a general on a white-blazed horse charge into the enemy lines three times, and everyone knew it was Gestai. (closing quotation mark in the source.) He received funeral honors at deputy-commander rank and a hereditary baitalaburuhan.

阿南達，烏彌氏，蒙古正黃旗人。祖巴賴都爾莽柰，初事察哈爾林丹汗。林丹汗敗走，率所部二百三十餘戶保哈屯河。逾歲，歸太宗，授一等梅勒章京。從攻寧遠，敗明兵。復從攻錦州，戰死，贈三等昂邦章京。

A Nanda, of the Wumi clan, was a Mongol of the Plain Yellow Banner. His grandfather Baraidur Mangnai had first served Ligdan Khan of the Chahar. When Ligdan Khan was beaten and fled, he led more than two hundred thirty households to the Hatun River. A year later he submitted to Taizong and was made a first-class meiren janggin. He fought at Ningyuan and defeated Ming troops. He fought again at Jinzhou, fell in battle, and was posthumously made third-class angbang janggin.

父哈岱，年十七，從父攻寧遠，敵矢殪父馬且踣，哈岱不遑甲，馳入陣，下馬掖其父超乘，步從擊敵，與俱還。太宗嘉其勇，厚賚之。父死，襲世職。屢從伐明，敗明兵。入關定江南，徇浙江，擊騰機思，討姜瓖，取舟山，皆在行間。康熙間，授內大臣。討吳三桂，命與侍衛阿喇尼徵喀喇沁、翁牛特、蘇尼特諸部兵，分駐大同、河南、兗州，備調發。卒，諡勤壯。

His father Hadai was seventeen when he followed his father against Ningyuan. Enemy arrows killed the elder Hadai's horse and threw him down. The son had no time for armor, rode into the line, helped his father back into the saddle, and fought on foot beside him until both returned. Taizong praised his courage and gave him rich rewards. When his father died he inherited the family rank. He repeatedly campaigned against the Ming and defeated their forces. After the entry into China he helped pacify the south, campaigned through Zhejiang, struck Tengjisi, put down Jiang Xiang, and took Zhoushan—always in the front line. Under Kangxi he became an interior minister. During the campaign against Wu Sangui he and Guardsman Arani were ordered to raise Kharchin, Ongniud, and Sunid troops and station them at Datong, Henan, and Yanzhou as a reserve. He died and received the posthumous name Qinzhuang.

阿南達，哈岱次子也，以一等侍衛兼佐領。康熙八年，鰲拜敗，坐黨附罪斬，聖祖特寬之。

A Nanda, Hadai's second son, served as a first-class guardsman and company commander. In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), when Oboi fell, he was condemned to death for siding with him, but the Kangxi Emperor personally spared him.

二十七年，噶爾丹侵掠喀爾喀諸部，命偕喇嘛商南多爾濟齎敕諭罷兵。噶爾丹遣使入朝，而侵掠如故。二十九年，命往會喀爾喀諸部兵討噶爾丹，以尚書阿喇尼、都統額赫訥等先後率師出塞。阿南達還奏，言：「噶爾丹為拖多額爾德尼擊敗，偵卒還報，有二人共一騎者，有削木為兵者，狀至窮蹙。請發兵討之。」上命選察哈爾兵六百，率以赴圖拉，益額赫訥軍。尋阿喇尼請移西路軍會剿，阿南達率兵渡瀚海，會大將軍裕親王福全，敗賊於烏闌布通。三十一年，命赴寧夏招和碩特部台吉巴圖爾額爾克濟農來降，擢正黃旗蒙古都統。三十二年，聞噶爾丹將取糧哈密，授郎坦為昭武將軍，召阿南達還。

In the twenty-seventh year (1688), when Galdan raided the Khalkha, he was sent with Lama Shangnanduoerji to deliver an imperial order to cease fighting. Galdan sent envoys to court but kept raiding as before. In the twenty-ninth year (1690) he was ordered to join Khalkha troops against Galdan while Minister Arani, Commander Ehene, and others led armies beyond the passes in turn. A Nanda returned and reported that Galdan had been beaten by the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu. Scouts told of men sharing one horse and others carving wooden weapons—his force was at the end of its rope. He asked that troops be sent to finish him off. (closing quotation mark in the source.) The Emperor chose six hundred Chahar troops; A Nanda led them to Tula to reinforce Ehene. When Arani asked to shift the western column for a joint strike, A Nanda crossed the desert, joined Grand General Prince Yu Fuquan, and defeated the enemy at Ulan Butung. In the thirty-first year (1692) he was sent to Ningxia to win over the Khoshut taiji Batuer Erkejin and was made Mongol commander of the Plain Yellow Banner. In the thirty-second year (1693), learning that Galdan meant to seize grain at Hami, the court made Langtan Pacification General and recalled A Nanda.

三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，命阿南達如喀爾喀諸部求習塞外途迳者二十人為導。上次克魯倫河，噶爾丹將走還特勒爾濟，阿南達方從費揚古自圖拉向昭莫多。費揚古令阿南達等先擊噶爾丹，偽敗以致敵，至昭莫多，縱擊敗敵，事具費揚古傳。阿南達赴行在奏捷，上召詢戰狀，對曰：「噶爾丹聞上親征，惶駭竄走。不虞我兵絕其歸路，突然交戰，擒斬過半，死傷枕藉。屬下人多怨懟，降者甚眾，噶爾丹深以為悔。費揚古慮涉矜張，疏報捷，特約略言之。」上乃班師，命阿南達駐守肅州。尋移軍邊境，诇噶爾丹踪跡。阿南達遣兵分駐昆都倫、額濟內諸處。復與提督李林隆移砲赴布隆吉爾，度要隘留軍策應，乃還肅州。上以其章示議政諸臣，獎阿南達防邊能稱職也。

In the thirty-fifth year (1696), during the Emperor's personal campaign against Galdan, A Nanda was told to find twenty Khalkha men who knew frontier routes as guides. When the Emperor reached the Kerulen, Galdan was turning back toward Tellerji. A Nanda was marching from Fei Yanggu at Tula toward Jao Modo. Fei Yanggu had A Nanda strike first, pretend defeat to lure Galdan on, then at Jao Modo crush him—the full account is in Fei Yanggu's biography. A Nanda reported victory at the imperial camp. Asked about the fight, he said Galdan had fled in panic when he learned the Emperor was in the field. He did not expect our troops to block his retreat. We struck suddenly; more than half were killed or captured, and the ground was heaped with dead and wounded. His followers were bitter; many surrendered. Galdan was filled with remorse. Fei Yanggu, fearing boastfulness, reported victory in restrained terms. (closing quotation mark in the source.) The Emperor then withdrew and ordered A Nanda to hold Suzhou. He soon shifted troops to the frontier to track Galdan. A Nanda posted detachments at Qundulun, Ejine, and elsewhere. With Provincial Commander Li Linlong he moved guns to Bulongji'er, secured the passes with supporting garrisons, and returned to Suzhou. The Emperor showed his memorial to the deliberative ministers and praised A Nanda for competent frontier defense.

噶爾丹自昭莫多敗後，部眾多離散。噶爾丹多爾濟者，其妻弟也，陰持兩端。阿南達至布隆吉爾，獲其邏卒，縱歸招之降，遂遣使通款。阿南達因其使檄哈密回部：「噶爾丹且至，當擒獻。」即傳語噶爾丹多爾濟：「噶爾丹至哈密，哈密且擒獻，當為哈密助。」未幾，噶爾丹遣族子顧孟多爾濟等與達賴喇嘛、青海諸台吉通聲聞。阿南達復至布隆吉爾偵知之，率兵追及於素爾河，擒其使人，以其書十四函馳奏。

After Galdan's defeat at Jao Modo, many of his followers deserted. Galdandorji, his brother-in-law, secretly wavered between both sides. At Bulongji'er A Nanda took Galdandorji's scouts, sent them back to offer surrender, and Galdandorji opened talks. A Nanda used the envoy to warn the Hami Muslims that Galdan was coming and they must seize and deliver him. (closing quotation mark in the source.) He told Galdandorji that when Galdan reached Hami the city would seize him and the court would help Hami do it. (closing quotation mark in the source.) Soon Galdan sent his kinsman Gumdorji and others to contact the Dalai Lama and the Qinghai taiji. Returning to Bulongji'er he learned this by scouts, pursued to the Su'er River, seized the envoys, and rushed a memorial with fourteen of their letters.

三十六年，哈密回部擒噶爾丹子色卜騰巴爾珠爾及其從者徽特和碩齊等，送阿南達。繼又獲厄魯特土克齊哈什哈。土克齊哈什哈實戕我使臣馬迪，至是始就擒。先後檻送京師。尋复疏言厄魯特晉巴徹爾貝來降，詢知噶爾丹窮促狀。是歲上复親征，命與林隆率甘州兵二千出布隆吉爾。次塔爾河，聞噶爾丹已死，所部台吉丹濟拉將竄巴里坤依噶爾丹從子策妄阿喇布坦，因往追之，未及，上命還駐布隆吉爾。丹濟拉詣哈密乞降，阿南達護使謁上行在。敘昭莫多功，予拖沙喇哈番世職。尋奉命率兵駐西寧。四十年，卒，賜祭葬。雍正二年，追諡恪敏。

In the thirty-sixth year (1697) Hami Muslims seized Galdan's son Sebetenbaljur and followers including Weiteheshuoqi and sent them to A Nanda. They soon also captured the Eleuth Tukqi Hasha. Tukqi Hasha had killed the envoy Madi; only now was he captured. Both were sent to the capital in cages. He soon reported that the Eleuth Jinbacheerbe had surrendered and described Galdan's desperate state. That year the Emperor campaigned again and ordered him and Linlong to lead two thousand Gansu troops from Bulongji'er. At the Ta'er River they learned Galdan was dead. The taiji Danjila was fleeing toward Barkul to join Galdan's nephew Tsewang Arabtan; they pursued but missed him, and the Emperor ordered them back to Bulongji'er. Danjila surrendered at Hami; A Nanda escorted his envoy to the Emperor's camp. For Jao Modo he received a hereditary tosaha rank. He was soon ordered to garrison Xining with his troops. In the fortieth year (1701) he died and received funeral honors. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724) he was posthumously named Kemin.

阿喇納，阿南達長子。少襲其祖哈岱世職，授三等侍衛，累進散秩大臣。策妄阿喇布坦繼噶爾丹為寇，侵哈密。康熙五十四年，上命尚書富寧安視師，屯巴爾庫爾。五十五年，授阿喇納參贊大臣，選八旗察哈爾勁卒及嘗從阿南達出塞者，得四百人，率之以行。五十六年，授富寧安靖逆大將軍，令阿喇納將一千三百人，自烏闌烏蘇深入烏魯木齊。至通俄巴錫搜山，俘一百數十人，收駝馬牛羊，躪其稼乃還。五十九年，師入西藏，富寧安復令率四千人自吐魯番出邊，至齊克塔木，破賊敵壘。進至皮禪，回民三百餘以城降，師遂會富寧安於烏闌烏蘇，引還。

Ala'na was A Nanda's eldest son. As a youth he inherited his grandfather Hadai's rank, became a third-class guardsman, and rose to honorary grand minister. Tsewang Arabtan succeeded Galdan as a border foe and invaded Hami. In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (1715) the Emperor ordered Minister Funinggan to take the field and encamp at Barkul. In the fifty-fifth year (1716) Ala'na became staff minister, picked four hundred elite Chahar troops and veterans of A Nanda's frontier campaigns, and marched with them. In the fifty-sixth year (1717) Funinggan became Pacification Commissioner-in-Chief; Ala'na led thirteen hundred men from Ulan Usu into Urumqi. At Tong'e Baxisou Mountain they took more than a hundred prisoners, seized herds, ruined the crops, and withdrew. In the fifty-ninth year (1720), during the Tibet campaign, Funinggan sent him with four thousand men from Turfan to Qiketamu to storm an enemy fort. At Pizhan more than three hundred Muslims surrendered the town; he rejoined Funinggan at Ulan Usu and withdrew.

六十年，上命率師進取吐魯番，因留駐其地。策妄阿喇布坦來犯，阿喇納行與遇。令分兵為三，突入陣，策妄阿喇布坦敗入林中，棄馬步戰，我師發槍擊殺準噶爾兵百餘，乃敗走，逐北數十里，俘獲甚眾。授協理將軍，築城屯墾，為持久計。阿喇納久居邊塞，悉敵情，疏請進兵伊犁。下議政大臣議，以賊已遠竄，暫緩進兵。雍正元年，擢鑲紅旗蒙古副都統。師徵青海，命率兵二千駐布隆吉爾。賊酋阿喇布坦蘇巴泰來襲，遣師追至推默爾，大敗之。未幾，卒於軍。遺疏為父請諡，上特許之。賜白金千，遣官護喪歸，諡僖恪，加拜他喇布勒哈番，以其子伍彌泰兼襲，合為三等伯。乾隆間，定封號曰誠毅。伍彌泰自有傳。

In the sixtieth year (1721) he was ordered to take Turfan and stayed to garrison it. Tsewang Arabtan attacked and met Ala'na on the march. He split his force into three columns and charged the enemy line. Tsewang Arabtan was driven into the woods, fought on foot after abandoning his horses, and lost more than a hundred Dzungars to musket fire before fleeing. The pursuit ran north for miles with heavy captures. He was made assistant general, built towns and farms, and prepared for a long war. Long service on the frontier taught Ala'na the enemy's ways; he asked to march on Ili. The deliberative ministers ruled that the foe had fled too far and advance should wait. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723) he became Mongol deputy commander of the Bordered Red Banner. During the Qinghai campaign he garrisoned Bulongji'er with two thousand men. When the rebel chief Arabtan Subutai attacked, he pursued him to Tuimo'er and routed him. He soon died in camp. His final memorial asked a posthumous name for his father, and the Emperor granted it. He received a thousand taels of silver, an escorted funeral, the posthumous name Xike, and advancement to baitalaburuhan; his son Wumitai inherited jointly as a third-class baron. Under Qianlong the peerage was fixed as Chengyi. Wumitai has a separate biography.

吉勒塔布，李佳氏，滿洲正紅旗人，覺善第三子。初授侍衛兼前鋒參領。康熙十一年，授正紅旗蒙古副都統。

Jileitabu, of the Jiagiya clan and the Plain Red Banner, was Jueshan's third son. He began as a guardsman and vanguard adjutant. In the eleventh year of Kangxi (1672) he became Mongol deputy commander of the Plain Red Banner.

十三年，耿精忠叛，命偕副都統拉哈率師駐江寧。尋令援浙江。從將軍貝子傅喇塔攻嵊縣，與精忠將曾養性等戰於黃瑞山，督兵乘夜分兩翼衝擊；又遣兵循山麓疾上，以鳥槍旁擊之，養性敗潰，克仙居。十四年，養性與叛將祖弘勳犯台州，吉勒塔布與都統沃申赴援，戰於平山嶺，殪賊四千餘；奪梁蓬隘道，遇賊伏，盡殲之。直趨黃岩，副都統穆赫林督兵夾擊，養性夜走溫州。克黃岩，复戰於上塘嶺。攻溫州，久未下。十五年，養性復以四萬餘人來犯，吉勒塔布遣兵分道逆擊。進剿處州，過三角嶺，循江度師。養性以百餘舟屯江上，陸兵屯得胜山下，據險拒我師。吉勒塔布與總兵陳世凱分道拔賊壘，又以砲擊賊舟，沉諸江。師次溫溪渡口，擊敗精忠將馬成龍等，斬千餘級，遂與康親王師會衢州。偕都統賚塔等擊精忠將馬九玉，戰於大溪灘。吉勒塔布督兵逾三濠，進焚木城，克江山，九玉敗遁。遂度仙霞嶺，進克浦城、建陽諸縣。從康親王進次福州，精忠降。

In the thirteenth year (1674), when Geng Jingzhong rebelled, he and Deputy Commander Laha garrisoned Jiangning. He was soon sent to reinforce Zhejiang. He followed Prince Beile Fulata against Sheng County, fought Zeng Yangxing at Huangruishan, and led a night attack in two wings; he sent men racing along the foothills to flank them with muskets. Yangxing was routed and Xianju fell. In the fourteenth year Yangxing and the rebel Zu Hongxun struck Taizhou. Jileitabu and Commander Woshen relieved the city at Pingshanling and killed more than four thousand rebels; they took the Liangpeng pass, met an ambush, and wiped it out. They pushed on to Huangyan; Deputy Commander Muhelin struck from both sides, and Yangxing fled by night to Wenzhou. They took Huangyan and fought again at Shangtangling. The siege of Wenzhou dragged on. In the fifteenth year Yangxing returned with more than forty thousand men; Jileitabu met him on several roads. Marching against Chuzhou they crossed Sanjiaoling and ferried the army along the river. Yangxing lined more than a hundred boats on the river and held Desheng Mountain with land troops. Jileitabu and Regional Commander Chen Shikai stormed rebel forts on separate routes and sank their boats with artillery. At Wenxi ford they defeated Ma Chenglong and other rebel generals, took more than a thousand heads, and joined Prince Kang at Quzhou. With Commander Saibao he attacked Ma Jiuyu at Daxitan. Jileitabu crossed three trenches, burned the wooden fort, took Jiangshan, and Jiuyu fled. He crossed Xianxialing and took Pucheng, Jianyang, and other counties. He followed Prince Kang to Fuzhou, where Geng Jingzhong surrendered.

十六年，擊鄭錦同安。十八年，與錦將劉國軒戰於下坑、於歐溪頭、於郭坑，皆勝，斬二千餘級，收海澄。與沃申駐師漳州。二十一年，師還，累擢護軍統領、正紅旗蒙古都統。二十七年，授兵部尚書，列議政大臣。

In the sixteenth year (1677) he attacked Zheng Jing at Tong'an. In the eighteenth year (1679) he beat Liu Guoxuan at Xiakeng, Ouxitou, and Guokeng, took more than two thousand heads, and recovered Haicheng. He and Woshen garrisoned Zhangzhou. In the twenty-first year (1682) the army withdrew; he rose to guards commander-in-chief and Mongol commander of the Plain Red Banner. In the twenty-seventh year (1688) he became Minister of War and a deliberative minister.

噶爾丹侵喀爾喀，上命吉勒塔布與都統巴海等徵科爾沁諸部兵備邊。尋命往蘇尼特，度水草佳處為喀爾喀牧地。二十九年，命與尚書阿喇尼出塞，自歸化至圖拉置台站，率師會喀爾喀諸部，自洮瀨河進攻噶爾丹。噶爾丹掠烏珠穆秦部，至烏勒輝河，我師與遇，分兵乘夜挑戰。喀爾喀兵違節度，亂陣，戰失利。吉勒塔布當奪官，命留佐領，率兵駐呼魯固爾河。旋命與內大臣阿密達同駐克勒，待裕親王師至，分三隊以進。吉勒塔佈為第一隊，大敗噶爾丹於烏闌布通。三十年，詔移喀爾喀土謝圖、車臣兩部歸附人牧近邊。上出塞撫綏，令吉勒塔布與尚書馬齊、班第等，先期集歸附人於上都河、額爾屯河以待。上慮巴圖爾額爾克濟農掠喀爾喀，命吉勒塔布督喀爾喀諸部兵為備。三十一年，巴圖爾額爾克濟農降，罷兵歸。三十五年，擢都統。三十六年，卒，賜祭葬。

When Galdan invaded the Khalkha, the Emperor ordered Jileitabu and Commander Bahai to raise Khorchin troops for the frontier. He was soon sent to the Sunid to choose pasture for the Khalkha. In the twenty-ninth year (1690) he and Minister Arani went beyond the passes, set up stations from Guihua to Tula, joined the Khalkha, and advanced on Galdan from the Taolai River. Galdan raided the Ujumchin and reached the Wulehui River; our forces met him with night attacks. Khalkha troops broke discipline, the line collapsed, and the battle was lost. He should have lost his post but was kept as company commander and stationed on the Hulugu'er River. He was soon paired with Interior Minister Amida at Kele to await Prince Yu and advance in three columns. Leading the first column, he routed Galdan at Ulan Butung. In the thirtieth year (1691) surrendered Khalkha of the Tushiyetu and Chechen khans were moved to border pastures. On the Emperor's frontier tour he told Jileitabu, Minister Maqi, and Bandi to assemble the surrendered Khalkha at the Shangdu and Erten rivers beforehand. Fearing Batuer Erkejin might raid the Khalkha, the Emperor had Jileitabu ready Khalkha forces. In the thirty-first year (1692) Batuer Erkejin surrendered and the army withdrew. In the thirty-fifth year (1696) he was made commander-in-chief. In the thirty-sixth year (1697) he died and received funeral honors.

殷化行，字熙如，陝西咸陽人。初以王姓成康熙九年武進士。十三年，從經略莫洛討吳三桂，授守備。會王輔臣叛，莫洛遇害，化行被脅羈秦州，稱病不為賊用。逾年，自拔歸，總督哈佔奏復原職，補火器營守備。從振武將軍佛尼勒戰牛頭山，攻克上、下嶺。三桂將王屏籓據漢中，以二萬人犯寶雞。大將軍圖海檄化行赴援，破敵，解西山堡圍。復自大泥峪取兩河關，復興安州城。十九年，佛尼勒援永寧，化行為前鋒，敗敵托川，擊走三桂將胡國柱於安寧橋。調援敘州，與西寧總兵李芳述守城，賊分三路來攻，擊卻之。圖海、哈佔合疏陳化行奮戰狀，特擢漢中城守營副將。二十年，逐國柱，迭戰安邊、敘馬、連峰、石盤關諸處，屢克要隘，复馬湖府城。

Yin Huaxing, courtesy name Xiru, was from Xianyang in Shaanxi. Originally surnamed Wang, he passed the military jinshi in the ninth year of Kangxi (1670). In the thirteenth year (1674) he followed Moluo against Wu Sangui and became a garrison commander. When Wang Fuchen rebelled and Moluo was killed, Huaxing was held at Qinzhou, feigned illness, and refused to serve the rebels. After a year he escaped home; Governor Hazhan restored his rank and he joined the Firearms Brigade. He followed Pacification General Fonil at Niutoushan and took Upper and Lower Ling. Wu Sangui's general Wang Pingfan held Hanzhong and struck Baoji with twenty thousand men. Grand General Tuhai sent Huaxing to relieve Baoji; he routed the enemy and lifted the siege of Xishan Fort. From Dani Valley he retook Lianghe Pass and recovered Xing'an. In the nineteenth year (1680) he was Fonil's vanguard at Yongning, beat the foe at Tuochuan, and drove off Hu Guozhu at Anning Bridge. Sent to Xuzhou, he and Li Fangshu held the city against a three-pronged assault and beat it back. Tuhai and Hazhan praised his fighting; he was promoted to deputy commander at Hanzhong. In the twentieth year (1681) he pursued Guozhu through Anbian, Xuma, Lianfeng, and Shipanguan, took key passes, and recovered Mahu.

二十二年，追議輔臣叛時被脅，坐奪官。哈佔以化行未為輔臣用，從征有勞，奏復原職，授直隸三屯營副將。二十三年，敘功加一等，授都司僉書，兼管副將事。二十五年，上幸畿東，化行扈從行圍，賜上用佩刀。二十六年，擢福建台灣總兵，賜貂裘、白金。時議城台灣，化行言地皆浮沙，難以鞏固，令部下人致樹一，植為城，數日而成。諸部亦各植木城，繕治甲兵，防禦以固。三十年，移襄陽。陝西旱，米價騰貴，民多流移。詔發襄陽米二萬石水運至商州，改陸運至西安。命內閣學士德珠與化行及總督丁思孔往督水陸輓運，並護流民還裡。三十二年，移登州。复移寧夏。

In the twenty-second year (1683) a review of his coercion under Fuchen cost him his post. Hazhan argued he had never served Fuchen and had campaign merit; he was restored and made deputy commander at Santunying in Zhili. In the twenty-third year (1684) merit raised him one grade to assistant regional commander with deputy duties. In the twenty-fifth year (1686) he attended the eastern hunt and received the Emperor's own sword. In the twenty-sixth year (1687) he became Fujian regional commander at Taiwan and received a sable coat and silver. When the court debated fortifying Taiwan he said the sand would not hold stone; he had a tree planted as a wall and in days it stood. Other units copied the wooden walls, repaired arms, and tightened defense. In the thirtieth year (1691) he moved to Xiangyang. Drought in Shaanxi sent grain prices soaring and drove many people away. The court shipped twenty thousand shi from Xiangyang by water to Shangzhou, then overland to Xi'an. Academician Dezhu, Huaxing, and Governor Ding Sikong supervised transport and escorted refugees home. In the thirty-second year (1693) he was moved to Dengzhou. He was then moved to Ningxia.

三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，三路出師，發陝西兵當西路，遣刑部尚書圖納會將軍、督、撫及河西提、鎮議進兵事。化行陳方略，詔報可。時綠旗兵統於振武將軍孫思克，率涼州總兵董大成、肅州總兵潘育龍及化行自寧夏出塞，會大將軍費揚古進剿。化行領所部兵三千至翁金河，簡精卒前進，遇敵昭莫多。山崖峻削，其南漸纮，有小山橫亙，化行急據其巔，麾軍士畢登。敵猝至山腹，發砲擊之，噶爾丹率眾死鬥，鋒甚銳。化行使告費揚古曰：「賊陣堅，宜遣一軍衝其脅，賊婦女輜重俱在後陣，劫之必亂。」費揚古從之。化行望山下兩軍將薄陣，鼓行而下，敵披靡，死傷枕藉。噶爾丹敗遁，詔班師。是役化行功最。

In the thirty-fifth year (1696) the Emperor took the field against Galdan on three routes. Shaanxi troops formed the west; Minister Tuna met commanders to plan the advance. Huaxing proposed a plan and the Emperor approved it. Green Standards under Sun Sike marched from Ningxia with Dong Dacheng, Pan Yulong, and Huaxing to join Fei Yanggu. Huaxing led three thousand men to Wengjin River, picked elites, and met the enemy at Jao Modo. Cliffs rose steeply; southward the slope eased and a hill barred the way. Huaxing seized the crest and got every man up. The enemy rushed the slope; he opened fire. Galdan fought desperately and his line was fierce. Huaxing told Fei Yanggu the enemy line was tight and a flanking force should strike the rear where women and baggage lay—raiding them would break the formation. (closing quotation mark in the source.) Fei Yanggu agreed. Seeing the wings about to close below, he drummed his men downhill. The enemy broke; dead and wounded covered the field. Galdan fled and the army was ordered home. In that fight Huaxing's merit stood first.

三十六年，疏請率兵二千至郭多里巴爾哈孫偵擒噶爾丹。會上西巡，將幸寧夏，化行迎謁，奏請行圍花馬池觀軍容。上曰：「師行賴馬力。今噶爾丹未滅，寧夏兵至花馬池，往來七八日，馬必疲。獵細事耳，罷獵而休馬，以獵噶爾丹何如？」乃令化行率所部兵五百人從昭武將軍馬思喀復出塞。尋命化行參贊軍務，諭謂綠旗總兵官未有授參贊者，並賜孔雀翎。師次郭多里巴爾哈孫，會大將軍費揚古兵。進至洪郭羅阿濟爾罕，噶爾丹死，詔班師。化行還寧夏。

In the thirty-sixth year (1697) he asked to lead two thousand men to Guodilibaerhasun to hunt Galdan. During the western tour he met the Emperor en route to Ningxia and asked to hunt at Huamachi to show the troops. The Emperor said campaigns depend on horse strength. Galdan was not yet destroyed; a round trip from Ningxia to Huamachi in seven or eight days would exhaust the horses. Hunting was a small thing—better rest the horses and hunt Galdan instead. (closing quotation mark in the source.) He ordered Huaxing to take five hundred men and follow Pacification General Masika beyond the passes again. He was soon made staff officer—the first Green Standard regional commander so honored—and given a peacock feather. The army halted at Guodilibaerhasun and joined Fei Yanggu. At Honggeluoajierhan they learned Galdan was dead and were ordered home. Huaxing returned to Ningxia.

三十七年，請復本姓。敘昭莫多功，予拖沙喇哈番世職。擢廣東提督。三十九年，瓊州營游擊詹伯豸等擾黎人，黎人王鎮邦為亂，以化行約束不嚴，降級留任。四十年，連、陽瑤為亂，裡入峒、油嶺二排尤凶橫。化行率總兵劉虎駐師裡入峒，遣副將林芳入排，使執為亂者以獻。瑤人戕芳及所從兵役。上命尚書嵩祝為將軍，令化行及廣西、湖南提督各發兵討之。四十一年夏，會師連州，分扼要隘，瑤人懼，縛獻為亂者李貴、鄧二等，置諸法，餘悉就撫。尋追按芳被戕，化行、虎不能救，虎奪官，化行休致。四十二年，上幸西安，化行迎謁，授其子純四等侍衛。四十九年，卒。

In the thirty-seventh year (1698) he asked to resume his birth surname. For Jao Modo he received a hereditary tosaha rank. He became provincial commander of Guangdong. In the thirty-ninth year (1700) Qiongzhou troops harassed the Li and Wang Zhenbang rebelled; lax control cost Huaxing a demotion but not his post. In the fortieth year (1701) the Yao of Lian and Yang rebelled, above all the Li Ru Dong and You Ling communities. Huaxing and Liu Hu held Li Ru Dong while Deputy Lin Fang entered the community to seize the ringleaders. The Yao killed Fang and his escort. The Emperor made Minister Songzhu general and ordered Huaxing and the Guangxi and Hunan commanders to march. In the summer of the forty-first year (1702) allied forces held the passes; the Yao surrendered Li Gui, Deng Er, and other ringleaders for execution and the rest submitted. A review of Fang's death found Huaxing and Hu could not save him; Hu lost his post and Huaxing retired. In the forty-second year (1703), when the Emperor visited Xi'an, Huaxing met him and his son Chun became a fourth-class guardsman. In the forty-ninth year (1710) he died.

潘育龍，字飛天，甘肅靖遠人。初入伍，從征李來亨等於茅麓山，有功。康熙十四年，王輔臣叛，育龍從副將偏圖攻三水、淳化，復從揚威將軍阿密達戰涇州。寧夏道梗，大將軍董額使育龍赴提督陳福軍，自紅河川、白馬城諸要隘轉戰七晝夜，達寧夏。駐靈州，招撫散卒。總督哈佔調援山陽，敗賊於甘溝口。十五年，從撫遠大將軍圖海奪平涼城北虎山墩。累擢守備。十七年，吳三桂兵犯牛頭山、香泉，育龍從總兵王好問等出間道擊破之。十八年，克梁河關，斬三桂將李景才、景文略等；薄興安，三桂將謝泗、王永世以城降。敘功，擢都司僉書。叛將譚弘據川東，育龍從哈佔進剿，復大竹、渠縣。遷游擊。

Pan Yulong, courtesy name Feitian, was from Jingyuan in Gansu. He enlisted and fought Li Laiheng at Maolushan with distinction. In the fourteenth year (1675), when Wang Fuchen rebelled, he followed Biantu at Sanshui and Chunhua and Amida at Jingzhou. With Ningxia cut off, Grand General Dong E sent him to Chen Fu; he fought seven days and nights through Honghechuan and Baimacheng to reach Ningxia. He held Lingzhou and gathered scattered troops. Governor Hazhan sent him to Shanyang, where he beat rebels at Gangoukou. In the fifteenth year (1676) he followed Tuhai in taking Hushandun north of Pingliang. He rose to garrison commander. In the seventeenth year (1678) he helped Wang Haowen repel Wu Sangui at Niutoushan and Xiangquan by a hidden route. In the eighteenth year (1679) he took Lianghe Pass and killed Wu Sangui's generals Li Jingcai and Jing Wenlue; then pressed Xing'an until Xie Si and Wang Yongshi surrendered. Merit made him assistant regional commander. When Tan Hong held eastern Sichuan he followed Hazhan and recovered Dazhu and Quxian. He became a brigade commander.

二十七年，以總督噶思泰薦，擢甘州副將。學士達瑚等自西藏使旋，至嘉峪關外，為西海阿奇羅卜藏所掠。將軍孫思克使育龍偕游擊韓成等搗其巢，斬級四百有奇，阿奇羅卜藏遁。事聞，詔嘉獎。三十年，赴寧夏防剿噶爾丹。時改肅州協為鎮，即以育龍為總兵。三十一年，降番罕篤與羅卜藏額林臣、奇齊克等復叛，育龍追至庫列圖嶺，斬四十餘級，獲百二十人。三十四年，噶爾丹屬回塔什蘭和卓等五百餘人入犯，渡三岔河，育龍擊擒之。三十五年，從征噶爾丹，遇賊昭莫多，飛砲中育龍右頤，益力戰，賊敗遁。師還，召至京師，上撫視其創，命御醫診視，賜衣一襲。移鎮天津。敘功，予拖沙喇哈番世職。

In the twenty-seventh year (1688), on Gasi Tai's recommendation, he became Ganzhou deputy commander. Academician Dahu's party returning from Tibet was robbed beyond Jiayuguan by Aqiluobuzang of the Western Sea. Sun Sike sent Yulong with Han Cheng to raid their camp, took more than four hundred heads, and Aqiluobuzang fled. The court praised and rewarded him. In the thirtieth year (1691) he went to Ningxia against Galdan. When Suzhou became a garrison he was made its regional commander. In the thirty-first year (1692) Handu, Lobuzang Elinchen, and Qiqike rebelled; he pursued to Kulietu Ridge, killed forty, and took one hundred twenty prisoners. In the thirty-fourth year (1695) five hundred of Galdan's Muslims under Tashilanhezhuo crossed the Sancha River; Yulong captured them. In the thirty-fifth year (1696) at Jao Modo a shell struck his right cheek; he fought on harder and the enemy fled. Called to the capital, he was tended by the imperial physician, given a suit of clothes, and the Emperor examined his wound. He was transferred to Tianjin. For merit he received a hereditary tosaha rank.

四十年，擢陝西提督，賜孔雀翎。四十二年，上西巡，育龍迎謁山西，賜御書榜。駐蹕渭南，閱固原將卒校射，顧大學士馬齊等曰：「朕巡歷諸省，綠旗無如潘育龍兵者。」命加秩。尋特授鎮綏將軍，領提督如故。四十九年，上幸五台，育龍迎謁，賞賚優渥，親制詩章寵之。時有陳四等率妻子遊行鬻技，走馬上竿，鵕索算卦，俗名曰卦子。人既眾，遂為盜。育龍捕得五百九十餘人。有司讞鞫，因疏請飭各省督撫責所屬鄉村堡寨，遇令改業，編戶為民，給荒地開墾，馬騾牲畜變為牛種，載入賦役全書。下部議行。尋以病累疏乞休，詔輒慰留。五十八年，卒，贈太子少保，賜祭葬，諡襄勇。

In the fortieth year (1701) he became Shaanxi provincial commander with a peacock feather. In the forty-second year (1703), during the western tour, he met the Emperor in Shanxi and received an imperial plaque. At Weinan he reviewed Guyuan archery and told Grand Secretary Maqi that in all his tours no Green Standards matched Pan Yulong's men. (closing quotation mark in the source.) His rank was raised. He was soon made Pacification General while keeping his provincial post. In the forty-ninth year (1710), at Wutai, he was richly rewarded and honored with an imperial poem. Then Chen Si and others toured with families selling stunts—horsemanship, pole acts, rope tricks, and divination—known as guazi. Crowds drew bandits. Yulong seized more than five hundred ninety of them. After trial he asked governors to register such performers as farmers, give them wasteland, replace horses with oxen, and enter them in the tax rolls. The ministry approved and implemented it. Repeated illness memorials brought edicts urging him to stay. In the fifty-eighth year (1719) he died, was made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent posthumously, and received funeral honors and the name Xiangyong.

孫紹週，改籍陝西西安。襲世職，授二等侍衛。累遷廣西慶遠協副將。雍正初，總督鄂爾泰奏開古州、都江河道，以定旦、來牛二寨苗梗路，檄紹週統廣西兵赴古州諸葛營，與貴州副將趙文英會剿，盡平賊寨。擢雲南提督，賜花翎。調古北口，以病解任。乾隆十八年，卒。高宗追念育龍軍功，特予恩騎尉世職，以紹周子忱嗣。

Sun Shaozhou shifted his household register to Xi'an in Shaanxi. He inherited the family rank and became a second-class guardsman. He rose to deputy commander at Qingyuan in Guangxi. Early in Yongzheng, Governor Ortai opened the Guzhou and Duojiang routes; Miao at Dingdan and Lainiu blocked them. Shaozhou led Guangxi troops to Zhuge camp, joined Zhao Wenying, and leveled the rebel forts. He became Yunnan provincial commander with a flowered feather. He moved to Gubeikou and resigned for illness. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong (1753) he died. The Qianlong Emperor, remembering Yulong's service, granted an enjiwei hereditary rank to Shaozhou's son Chen.

之善，育龍從孫，仍籍甘肅靖遠。初從育龍徵噶爾丹。昭莫多之役，力戰中槍，詔來京師醫治。四十二年，上幸西安，之善迎謁臨潼，授藍翎侍衛，賜孔雀翎。補肅州鎮標游擊。策妄阿喇布坦以二千人侵哈密，之善率兵二百擊敗之。上嘉其勇，超擢陝西潼關副將。從靖逆將軍富寧安擊準噶爾於烏魯木齊，多俘獲。雍正初，青海台吉羅卜藏丹津叛，侵布隆吉爾，與參將孫繼宗引兵夾擊，斬獲無算。擢四川川北總兵，移鎮陝西西安。之善以邊外遼闊，當設卡路杜窺伺，乃遣兵於沙州西路伊遜察罕齊老圖及察罕烏蘇諾爾分路偵禦。並以住牧熟夷數百戶，分置諸要隘，诇敵情，督修西安城及沙州五堡，以二千四百戶屯田沙州，籌牛種，建房舍。疏聞，上深嘉之，命署固原提督。諭曰：「此軍乃汝叔祖潘育龍所整理，為天下第一營伍，流風餘韻，至今可觀。若不能企及，何顏以對朕耶？」尋以目眚解任。十一年，卒。

Zhishan, Yulong's grandnephew, remained registered at Jingyuan. He first campaigned with Yulong against Galdan. At Jao Modo he was shot in hard fighting and was ordered to Beijing for care. In the forty-second year (1703) he met the Emperor at Lintong, became a blue-lance guardsman, and received a peacock feather. He became brigade commander of the Suzhou garrison. Tsewang Arabtan invaded Hami with two thousand men; Zhishan beat him with two hundred. The Emperor praised his courage and jumped him to Tongguan deputy commander in Shaanxi. He followed Funinggan against the Dzungars at Urumqi with heavy captures. Early in Yongzheng, when Lobzang Danjin rebelled in Qinghai and struck Bulongji'er, he and Sun Jizong pincered the foe with countless kills and captures. He became northern Sichuan regional commander, then garrison commander at Xi'an. He argued the frontier was vast and needed card posts, sending detachments west of Shazhou at Yixun Chahan Qilaotu and Chahan Usu Nor. He posted settled tribesmen at passes to watch the enemy, rebuilt Xi'an and Shazhou's five forts, and settled twenty-four hundred farming households at Shazhou with oxen, seed, and houses. The Emperor praised the plan and made him acting Guyuan provincial commander. The Emperor said his granduncle Pan Yulong had made the finest camp in the empire and its spirit should still be visible. If you cannot match it, how will you face Us?" (closing quotation mark in the source.) He soon resigned with eye trouble. In the eleventh year (1733) he died.

額倫特，科奇哩氏，滿洲鑲紅旗人，佛尼埒子也。佛尼埒卒官，家貧不能還京。四川總督哈佔請留額倫特西安效力，部議不許，上特允之。康熙二十三年，授西安駐防佐領。三十年，從將軍尼雅翰逐厄魯特巴圖爾額爾克濟農，又從將軍郎坦赴克錫圖額，皆有勞。三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，從大將軍費揚古出西路，破敵昭莫多。以功授世職拖沙拉哈番，擢協領。四十三年，上幸西安閱武，設宴，特命額倫特近御座，親賜之飲。諭曰：「爾父宣力行間，爾亦入伍能效力，故賜爾飲。」尋遷西安副都統。調荊州副都統。四十九年，擢湖廣提督。五十二年，授湖廣總督。尋命履勘湖南諸州縣荒壤，得四萬六千餘頃。疏請聽民開墾，六年後以下則起科。五十四年，命往按太原知府趙鳳詔貪墨狀，論罪如律。

E'lunte, of the Keqiri clan and the Bordered Red Banner, was Fonile's son. When Fonile died in office the family was too poor to return to Beijing. Governor Hazhan asked to keep E'lunte at Xi'an; the ministry refused but the Emperor agreed. In the twenty-third year of Kangxi (1684) he became a Xi'an garrison company commander. In the thirtieth year (1691) he followed Niyahan against Batuer Erkejin and Langtan to Kexitue with merit. In the thirty-fifth year (1696) he followed Fei Yanggu on the western route and fought at Jao Modo. Merit brought a hereditary tosaha rank and promotion to assistant commander. In the forty-third year (1704), at the Xi'an review, he was seated near the Emperor and given wine. The Emperor said his father had served well on campaign and he had done the same, and so honored him with wine. (closing quotation mark in the source.) He soon became Xi'an deputy commander. He was transferred to Jingzhou deputy commander. In the forty-ninth year (1710) he became Huguang provincial commander. In the fifty-second year (1713) he became governor-general of Huguang. He was soon ordered to survey Hunan wasteland and found more than forty-six thousand qing. He asked that settlers farm it with tax at the lower rate after six years. In the fifty-fourth year (1715) he investigated Taiyuan Prefect Zhao Fengshao and punished him by law.

厄魯特策妄阿拉布坦犯哈密，上遣尚書富寧安等率師討之。五十五年，命額倫特署西安將軍，主軍餉。策妄阿喇布坦自噶順汛山後道沙拉侵青海，執台吉羅卜藏丹濟布以去，命額倫特率師駐西寧，為青海諸部應援。五十六年，策妄阿拉布坦遣其將策淩敦多布侵西藏。命額倫特移軍青海，與青海王台吉等議屯軍形勝地。額倫特疏言西寧入藏道有三，庫庫賽爾嶺、拜都嶺道皆寬廣，請與侍衛色楞分道進兵。五十七年，策淩敦多布入西藏，破布達拉城，戕拉藏汗，執其子蘇爾咱，遂據有其地。六月，額倫特與色楞分道進兵，額倫特出庫庫賽爾嶺。七月，至齊諾郭勒，策淩敦多布遣兵夜來侵，擊之退。次日復至，額倫特親督兵緣山接戰，賊潰遁，追擊十餘裡，多所斬獲。疏入，上深嘉其勇。俄，策淩敦多布遣兵潛出喀喇烏蘇，額倫特率所部疾趨渡河，扼狼拉嶺，據險禦敵。比至喀喇烏蘇，色楞以兵來會，合力擊賊。賊數万環攻，額倫特督兵與戰，被重創，戰益力。相持者數月。九月，复厲兵進戰，射殺賊甚眾。矢盡，持刀麾兵斫賊，賊益兵合圍，額倫特中傷，猶力戰，遂沒於陣。五十八年，喪還，上命諸王以下迎城外，內大臣、侍衛至其家奠茶酒。世宗即位，進世職三等阿達哈哈番，賜祭葬，諡忠勇。

When Tsewang Arabtan invaded Hami the Emperor sent Funinggan and others against him. In the fifty-fifth year (1716) he acted as Xi'an general in charge of supplies. Tsewang Arabtan slipped behind Gashun through Shala into Qinghai and seized Lobzang Danjinbu; E'lunte garrisoned Xining to support the tribes. In the fifty-sixth year (1717) Tsewang Arabtan sent Tsering Donduk into Tibet. E'lunte moved to Qinghai to choose camps with the Qinghai princes. He reported three routes from Xining to Tibet, the Kokosailin and Baidu roads being widest, and asked to advance with Guardsman Seleng on separate columns. In the fifty-seventh year (1718) Tsering Donduk took Tibet, stormed Potala, killed Lozang Khan, seized his son Surten, and held the country. In the sixth month E'lunte and Seleng marched separately; E'lunte took Kokosailin. In the seventh month at Qinuogele the enemy attacked by night and was repulsed. They returned the next day; E'lunte fought along the heights, the rebels fled, and a ten-li pursuit brought heavy kills and captures. The Emperor deeply praised his courage when the report arrived. Soon Tsering Donduk slipped troops out from Karusu; E'lunte rushed to cross the river, held Langla Ridge, and blocked the pass. At Karusu Seleng joined and they attacked together. Tens of thousands surrounded them; E'lunte was badly wounded yet fought harder. The siege lasted months. In the ninth month he attacked again and shot down many rebels. When arrows ran out he drew a knife and led a charge; the enemy closed in. Wounded again, he fought on and fell in the line. In the fifty-eighth year (1719) princes welcomed his coffin outside the walls and ministers offered rites at his home. Yongzheng advanced his hereditary rank to third-class adahahan, granted funeral honors, and named him Zhongyong.

額倫特與川陝總督音泰皆自行伍中為上所識拔。額倫特以廉潔著，上嘗與張伯行並稱，謂在督撫中操守最優也。

E'lunte and Governor-general Yintai of Shaanxi-Sichuan were both men the Emperor had raised from the ranks. Known for integrity, he was once paired with Zhang Boxing as the cleanest of governors.

康泰，甘肅張掖人。初入伍，累擢至游擊。從將軍孫思克擊噶爾丹，以功授世職拖沙喇哈番。四遷四川提督。額倫特駐西寧，泰率松潘兵千餘出黃勝關為應援。兵譟，奪官，命自具鞍馬從軍。從額倫特入藏，戰喀喇烏蘇，躍馬殺賊，矢集於臂，叱其子拔矢，裹臂复戰，陣沒。贈都督同知，諡壯勇。

Kang Tai was from Zhangye in Gansu. He enlisted and rose to brigade commander. He followed Sun Sike against Galdan and received a hereditary tosaha rank. He became Sichuan provincial commander after four promotions. When E'lunte held Xining, Tai led more than a thousand Songpan troops through Huang Shengguan in support. His men mutinied; he lost his post and marched at his own expense. He followed E'lunte into Tibet, fought at Karusu, charged on horseback, took many arrows in the arm, had his son pull them, wrapped the wound, fought on, and fell in the line. He was posthumously made Commissioner-in-chief with the name Zhuangyong.

弟海，陝西涼州總兵。將所部從額倫特，同時戰死。贈世職拖沙喇哈番。

His younger brother Hai was Liangzhou regional commander in Shaanxi. He followed E'lunte with his command and died in the same fight. He received a posthumous hereditary tosaha rank.

論曰：厄魯特亦出於蒙古，析為四衛拉特，其一曰綽羅斯，牧伊犁。噶爾丹戕兄子自立，乃號准噶爾，移帳阿爾泰山，兼有四衛拉特。北侵喀爾喀，南侵衛藏。聖祖再親征，乃摧敗以死。烏闌布通之役，噶爾丹敗遁，我軍亦重衄。佟國綱以元舅死綏。及戰昭莫多，費揚古麾飢疲之眾，當困鬥之寇，蹈瑕以破堅，則謀勇勝也。馬斯喀、阿南達、吉勒塔布、化行、育龍先後在事有勞。額倫特孤軍殉寇，青海之師，準部之滅，皆於是乎起。謹書之以著其本末。

The commentator says the Eleuths were Mongols who split into the Four Oirats; the Choros pastured at Ili. Galdan killed his nephew, styled himself Dzungar, moved to the Altai, and ruled all Four Oirats. He raided the Khalkha northward and Tibet southward. Kangxi campaigned twice in person and broke him until he died. At Ulan Butung Galdan was beaten but our army suffered heavily too. Tong Guogang died in harness as the Emperor's uncle by marriage. At Jao Modo, Fei Yanggu led hungry, exhausted men against a foe fighting for its life and broke a hard line by striking its weak point—strategy and courage won the day. Masika, A Nanda, Jileitabu, Yin Huaxing, and Pan Yulong each served with distinction in turn. E'lunte fell with a lone army against the enemy; the Qinghai campaign and the fall of the Dzungars all began here. This account is written to record the full story.

Cite this Chapter