Volume 284 Biographies 71: Jue Shi Man Bao, Shi Shibiao, Lan Tingzhen, Lin Liang, Ou Yangkai

列傳七十一

Biographies 71

覺羅滿保陳策施世驃藍廷珍從弟鼎元林亮何勉陳倫炯

Aisin Gioro Manbao, Chen Ce, Shi Shipiao, Lan Tingzhen, his younger cousin Dingyuan, Lin Liang, He Mian, and Chen Lunjiong

歐陽凱羅萬倉遊崇功

Ouyang Kai, Luo Wancang, and You Chonggong

覺羅滿保，字鳧山，滿洲正黃旗人。康熙三十三年進士，選庶吉士，授檢討。累遷國子監祭酒，擢內閣學士，直經筵。

Aisin Gioro Manbao, whose style was Fushan, came from the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. In 1694 he passed the metropolitan examination, entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, and was appointed reviser. He rose in turn to Chancellor of the Imperial Academy, was promoted to Grand Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, and served at the emperor's lectures.

五十年，授福建巡撫。疏言福州、興化、泉、漳等屬十六州縣皆瀕海要地，請揀選直省卓異官除授。御史璩廷祜論其不可，部議以為然。詔下九卿等再議，卒從滿保言。五十四年，擢福建浙江總督，命巡海。議自乍浦至南澳，沿海五千餘裡，建台、寨百二十七所，砲位千一百七十有八。別疏言：「鹿耳門為台灣咽喉，澎湖為廈門籓衛，安平鎮為水師三營重地，及海洋各口岸宜分極衝、次沖，築墩、台，設汛巡守；並嚴察海船出入，禁漁船私載米糧、軍器。」又言：「淡水、雞籠山為台灣北界，其澳港可泊巨艦百餘。更進為肩豆門，沃野百里，番社交據。請增置淡水營，設官駐防為後蔽。」皆報可。

In 1711 he was appointed grand coordinator of Fujian. He memorialized that the sixteen prefectures and counties under Fuzhou, Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, and the like were all vital coastal posts, and asked that outstanding officials from the provinces be selected and assigned there. Censor Qu Tingyou argued against the proposal, and the ministry agreed with him. The emperor ordered the Nine Chief Ministers and others to reconsider; in the end they adopted Manbao's proposal. In 1715 he was promoted to governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang and charged with coastal patrol. The plan called for one hundred twenty-seven forts and stockades and one thousand one hundred seventy-eight gun emplacements along more than five thousand li of coast from Zhapu to Nan'ao. In a separate memorial he wrote: "Lukang is the throat of Taiwan, Penghu guards Xiamen, and Anping Town is a key base of the three naval camps. The various sea outlets should be ranked as foremost or secondary points of danger, with redoubts and forts built and patrol garrisons posted; sea traffic should be strictly inspected, and fishing boats forbidden to carry grain or arms in secret." He also wrote: "Tamsui and Jilong Mountain mark Taiwan's northern frontier; their harbors can hold more than a hundred large ships. Farther north lies Jiandoumen, with a hundred li of fertile land where aboriginal communities mingle. He asked that a Tamsui garrison be added, with officials posted there to secure the rear. All of this was approved.

六十年，鳳山民硃一貴為亂。台灣知府王珍苛稅濫刑，鳳山民黃殿、李勇、吳外等集數百人謀變，一貴素販鴨，託明裔以為渠。劫岡山塘、檳榔林二汛，掠軍器，眾益聚，遂破縣城，進陷台灣。總兵歐陽凱等率兵禦賊，師敗績，死之。台廈道梁文煊等走澎湖。滿保疏聞，督兵趨廈門，值淫雨，乘竹兜從數騎行泥淖中。比至，籍丁壯剽悍能殺賊者悉充伍，嚴申軍令，禁舟師毋登陸，民以不擾。淡水營守備陳策使詣廈門乞援，滿保移會巡撫呂猶龍，遣兵自閩安渡淡水。未幾，南澳鎮總兵藍廷珍率舟師至，滿保命統水陸軍，會提督施世驃於澎湖，剋期進剿。六月，世驃、廷珍攻鹿耳門，敗賊安平鎮，遂克台灣。上以台灣民附亂非本意，敕滿保招撫。尋諸羅民楊旭等密約壯丁六百人，擒一貴及其黨十二人，獻世驃軍前，檻送京師，磔於市。是役，自出師迄事平凡七日。上嘉滿保調度有方，加兵部尚書。尋疏言：「賊起，惟守備陳策鼓勵兵民，堅守汛地，待大兵進援，奮力效忠。」命擢台灣總兵。复疏劾珍縱役需索，致一貴乘機倡亂；文煊及所屬官吏一無備禦，退回澎湖，應奪官逮問，從之，文煊等論罪如律。秋，台灣颶作，滿保以聞，諭：「台灣有司平日貪殘激變，及大兵進剿，殺戮之氣上乾天和，令速行賑恤。」

In 1721 the Fengshan commoner Zhu Yigui raised a rebellion. The Taiwan prefect Wang Zhen imposed harsh taxes and arbitrary punishments. Huang Dian, Li Yong, Wu Wai, and other Fengshan men gathered several hundred followers to plot revolt. Yigui, who had made his living selling ducks, claimed Ming descent and was made their leader. They raided the Gangshan and Binglanglin posts, seized arms, and as their numbers swelled they stormed the county seat and went on to seize Taiwan. Regional Commander Ouyang Kai and others led troops against the rebels, were defeated, and were killed. Taiwan-Xiamen circuit intendant Liang Wenxuan and others fled to Penghu. Manbao reported the outbreak and hurried troops toward Xiamen. Heavy rain fell, and he rode a bamboo litter with only a few escorts through the mud. On arrival he enrolled every able-bodied man bold enough to fight into the ranks, enforced discipline strictly, forbade the fleet to land ashore, and kept the populace from being harassed. Tamsui garrison commander Chen Ce sent an envoy to Xiamen begging for aid. Manbao notified Grand Coordinator Lü Youlong and sent troops from Min'an across to Tamsui. Before long Nan'ao regional commander Lan Tingzhen arrived with the fleet. Manbao ordered a combined land-and-sea campaign, joined Naval Commander Shi Shipiao at Penghu, and set a date for the assault. In the sixth month Shipiao and Tingzhen attacked Lukang, defeated the rebels at Anping, and recovered Taiwan. The emperor held that the people of Taiwan had joined the revolt against their true wishes and ordered Manbao to offer pacification. Soon Yang Xu of Zhuluo and others secretly mustered six hundred men, seized Yigui and twelve of his followers, and presented them to Shipiao's army. They were sent to the capital in cages and dismembered in the marketplace. From the opening of the campaign until the affair was settled took only seven days. The emperor praised Manbao's skillful coordination and promoted him to Minister of War. He soon memorialized: "When the rebels rose, only Garrison Commander Chen Ce rallied soldiers and civilians, held his post firm, awaited the main army, and served with loyal exertion." He was ordered promoted to regional commander of Taiwan. He again impeached Zhen for letting his runners extort the people, giving Yigui his opening to raise rebellion; and charged that Wenxuan and his subordinates had made no defense and fled to Penghu. They should be stripped of office and arrested. The court agreed, and Wenxuan and the others were sentenced according to law. That autumn a typhoon struck Taiwan. Manbao reported it, and the emperor directed: "Taiwan's officials were greedy and cruel in ordinary times and provoked this uprising. When the army marched in, the killing offended Heaven's harmony. Provide relief at once."

上杭民溫上貴往台灣從一貴得偽元帥札、印，還上杭，煽鄉人從賊。聞一貴誅，走江西，結棚匪數百，謀掠萬載。知縣施昭庭集營汛剿捕，擒上貴及其黨十數人，並伏法。大學士白潢等條奏禁戢棚匪，滿保疏言：「閩、浙兩省棚民，以種麻靛、造紙、燒灰為業，良莠不一。令鄰坊保結，棚長若有容庇匪類，依律連坐。有司於農隙遍履各棚，嚴加稽察。浙江鄞、奉化等二十七縣，福建閩、龍巖等四十州縣，皆有棚民，宜如沿海州縣例，揀員題補。」詔從之。

Wen Shanggui of Shanghang went to Taiwan, followed Yigui, obtained a forged marshal's commission and seal, returned home, and incited his neighbors to join the rebels. When he learned that Yigui had been executed he fled to Jiangxi, gathered several hundred shed-bandits, and plotted to raid Wanzai. Magistrate Shi Zhaoting assembled garrison troops to hunt them down, seized Shanggui and more than ten of his followers, and had them all executed. Grand Secretary Bai Huang and others submitted detailed proposals to restrain shed-bandits. Manbao memorialized: "The shed-dwellers of Fujian and Zhejiang live by growing indigo, making paper, and burning lime, and the good and bad are mixed among them. Let neighboring communities bind themselves in mutual guarantee. If a shed chief harbors bandits, he shall be punished by joint liability under the law. Local officials should visit every shed in the farming slack season and inspect them strictly. Twenty-seven counties such as Yin and Fenghua in Zhejiang and forty prefectures and counties such as Min and Longyan in Fujian all have shed-dwellers. Officials should be selected and appointed there by the same rule used for coastal posts. The emperor approved.

雍正三年，卒官。遺疏言：「新任巡撫毛文銓未至，總督印信交福州將軍宜兆熊署理，並留解任巡撫黃國材暫緩起程，如舊辦事。」詔嘉其得體，下部議血阝；時尚書隆科多獲罪鞫訊，得滿保餽金交通狀，世宗諭責滿保諂隆科多、年羹堯，命毋賜卹予諡。

In 1725 he died in office. His death memorial read: "The newly appointed grand coordinator Mao Wenquan has not yet arrived. The governor-general's seal should be entrusted to Fuzhou general Yi Zhaoxiong to act in his stead, and relieved grand coordinator Huang Guocai should be kept from departing for the moment so that affairs may continue as before." The emperor praised this as appropriate and ordered the ministry to deliberate on posthumous honors; but at that time Minister Longkodo was convicted and interrogated, and evidence emerged of Manbao's gifts of gold and dealings with him. The Yongzheng Emperor rebuked Manbao for currying favor with Longkodo and Nian Gengyao and ordered that no posthumous pension or title be granted.

策，字鍾侯，福建晉江人。由銅山守備調淡水。一貴陷台灣，策孤軍力守一隅。奸人苑景文入境煽誘，擒誅之。師下台灣，滿保檄剿北路，复南嵌、竹塹、中港、後壟、吞霄、大甲諸社。以功擢台灣總兵，加左都督。卒。

Chen Ce, whose style was Zhonghou, came from Jinjiang in Fujian. He was transferred from garrison commander at Tongshan to Tamsui. When Yigui seized Taiwan, Ce held his corner alone with a single garrison. The traitor Yuan Jingwen crossed the border to incite rebellion; Ce seized and executed him. When the army landed on Taiwan, Manbao ordered him to pacify the northern route and recovered the communities of Nanqian, Zhuqian, Zhonggang, Houlong, Tunxiao, Dajia, and others. For his service he was promoted to regional commander of Taiwan and given the additional rank of Left Commander-in-Chief. He died in office.

施世驃，字文秉，靖海侯瑯第六子。康熙二十二年，世驃年十五，從瑯下台灣，委署守備。台灣既定，以功加左都督銜，授山東濟南城守參將。三十五年，聖祖親征噶爾丹，天津總兵岳昇龍薦世驃從軍。召試騎射，命護糧運至奎素，從大將軍馬斯喀追賊至巴顏烏闌。師還，假歸葬。上褒世驃勤勞，命事畢仍還任。累遷浙江定海總兵。四十二年，上南巡，賜御書「彰信敦禮」榜。時海中多盜，世驃屢出洋巡緝，先遣裨將假商船餌盜，擒獲甚眾，斬盜渠江崙。四十六年，上南巡，詢及擒斬海盜事，溫諭嘉獎，賜孔雀翎。四十七年，擢廣東提督。五十一年，調福建水師提督。

Shi Shipiao, whose style was Wenbing, was the sixth son of Marquis Jinghai Shi Lang. In 1683, when Shipiao was fifteen, he followed Lang in the conquest of Taiwan and was appointed acting garrison commander. After Taiwan was pacified he was given the rank of Left Commander-in-Chief for merit and appointed garrison deputy commander of Jinan in Shandong. In 1696 the Kangxi Emperor campaigned in person against Galdan. Tianjin regional commander Yue Shenglong recommended Shipiao for service in the campaign. He was summoned to demonstrate horsemanship and archery, ordered to escort grain to Kuisu, and followed Grand General Fiyanggū in pursuit of the enemy to Bayan Ulan. When the army returned he took leave to attend a funeral. The emperor praised Shipiao's diligent service and ordered that he return to his post when the funeral was done. He rose in turn to regional commander of Dinghai in Zhejiang. In 1703, during a southern tour, the emperor bestowed an imperial plaque inscribed "Manifest Faith and Esteem Ritual." Pirates were numerous at sea in those years. Shipiao went out on patrol again and again, first sending subordinate officers in merchant ships as bait, capturing large numbers, and beheading the pirate chief Jiang Lun. In 1707, on another southern tour, the emperor asked about his capture and execution of pirates, spoke warm words of praise, and bestowed a peacock feather. In 1708 he was promoted to provincial commander of Guangdong. In 1712 he was transferred to naval commander of Fujian.

六十年，硃一貴為亂，陷台灣。世驃聞報，即率所部進扼澎湖，總督滿保檄南澳總兵藍廷珍等以師會。眾議三路進攻。世驃謂南路打狗港在台灣正南，南風盛，不可泊；北路清風隙去府百餘裡，運餉艱；度賊必屯聚中路，宜直搗鹿耳門。時台地諸將吏皆退次澎湖，惟淡水守備陳策堅守汛地。世驃遣游擊張駴等赴援，自統師出中路。選勁卒，乘小舟，載旗幟，分伏南北港。六月，抵鹿耳門。賊踞砲台以拒。世驃登樓船督戰，發砲中敵貯火藥器，火大熾，賊驚潰。眾軍齊進，兩港悉樹我軍幟。賊不敢犯，揚帆直渡鯤身。鯤身者海沙也，水淺，大舟不能過。是日海水驟漲八尺餘，舟乘風疾上，遂克安平鎮。翌日，戰，破賊。賊悉眾來犯，世驃遣守備林亮等進西港，游擊硃文等越七鯤身，自鹽埕、大井頭分道登陸趨台灣。世驃督將士指揮布陣擊賊，賊潰，遂復台灣。一貴走諸羅，諸羅民縛以獻，賊黨擒斬略盡。台灣南北兩路悉平。詔優敘，賜世驃東珠帽、黃帶、四團龍補服。未幾，以疾卒於軍。遺疏乞從父瑯葬福建，留妻子守墓，上悉許之。贈太子太保，諡勇果。雍正元年，世宗命予一等阿達哈哈番世職，以其子廷旉嗣。

In 1721 Zhu Yigui raised a rebellion and seized Taiwan. On hearing the news Shipiao at once led his command to Penghu. Governor-General Manbao ordered Nan'ao regional commander Lan Tingzhen and others to join him with their fleets. The commanders debated a three-pronged attack. Shipiao argued that the southern route through Dagou Harbor lay due south of Taiwan and that when the south wind blew hard ships could not anchor there; that the northern route through Qingfeng Gap was more than a hundred li from the prefectural seat and supply would be difficult; and that the rebels would surely mass along the central route, so Lukang should be struck directly. By then all Taiwan's generals and officials had withdrawn to Penghu; only Tamsui garrison commander Chen Ce still held his post. Shipiao sent Colonel Zhang Yan and others to relieve him and personally led the main force on the central route. He chose crack troops, loaded them into small boats with banners and flags, and hid them in ambush at the northern and southern harbors. In the sixth month they reached Lukang. The rebels held the gun batteries to block them. Shipiao boarded a tower ship to direct the battle. Cannon fire struck the enemy's powder store, the blaze roared up, and the rebels broke in panic. The whole force advanced together, and our banners went up in both harbors. The rebels dared not engage and sailed straight across Kun Shen. Kun Shen is a sandbar; the water is shallow and large ships cannot cross it. That day the tide suddenly rose more than eight feet. The boats rode the wind forward and took Anping. The next day they fought and routed the rebels. The rebels massed their full strength to attack. Shipiao sent Garrison Commander Lin Liang and others toward Xigang while Colonel Zhu Wen and others crossed the seven Kun Shen sandbars and landed in separate columns from Yancheng and Dajingtou to advance on Taiwan. Shipiao directed his officers and men in battle formation, routed the rebels, and recovered Taiwan. Yigui fled to Zhuluo, where the local people bound him and turned him over. His followers were hunted down and killed, nearly to the last man. The northern and southern routes of Taiwan were fully pacified. An edict granted him special commendation and bestowed an eastern-pearl hat, yellow belt, and four-clawed dragon surcoat. Before long he died of illness in camp. His death memorial asked to be buried in Fujian beside his father Lang and to leave his wife and children to tend the tomb. The emperor granted everything. He was posthumously made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous title Yongguo (Brave and Resolute). In 1723 the Yongzheng Emperor ordered a hereditary rank of First Class Adahafan for his line, and his son Tingfan succeeded.

世驃和易謙雅，治軍嚴明。與瑯先後平台灣，皆以六月乘海潮異漲渡師，遂以成功。

Shipiao was affable, modest, and courteous, yet governed his troops with strict discipline. He and his father Lang pacified Taiwan in turn; both in the sixth month crossed on an unusually high tide and thereby succeeded.

藍廷珍，字荊璞，福建漳浦人。少習騎射，從祖理器之。入伍，自定海營把總累遷溫州鎮標左營游擊。巡外洋，屢獲盜，盜皆畏避。以是為諸將所忌，讒於總督滿保，將劾之。會關東大盜孫森等竊遼陽巨砲、戰艦逸入海。聖祖震怒，責沿海疆吏嚴緝。廷珍出巡海，至黑水外洋與遇，力戰，盡獲森等九十餘人，及其船艦、砲械。滿保按部至溫州，廷珍迎謁以告。滿保歎曰：「幾失良將！」召入舟，厚撫之，亟疏薦，超擢福建澎湖副將。未幾，遷南澳總兵。

Lan Tingzhen, whose style was Jingpu, came from Zhangpu in Fujian. As a youth he trained in horsemanship and archery and followed his grandfather Li Qi. He entered military service and rose from platoon commander in the Dinghai camp to colonel of the Left Battalion of the Wenzhou garrison. On patrol in the outer seas he captured pirates again and again, until they all feared and avoided him. The other generals envied him for this, slandered him to Governor-General Manbao, and were about to impeach him. Just then the great northeastern bandit Sun Sen and his followers stole heavy guns and warships from Liaoyang and fled to sea. The Kangxi Emperor was furious and ordered the coastal authorities to hunt them down without mercy. Tingzhen went to sea, met them in the Black Water outer seas, fought fiercely, and captured Sen and more than ninety of his men along with their ships and guns. When Manbao made an inspection tour to Wenzhou, Tingzhen met him and reported what had happened. Manbao sighed and said, "I nearly lost a fine general! He summoned him aboard his boat, treated him generously, memorialized urgently to recommend him, and promoted him by special order to vice commander at Penghu in Fujian. Before long he was transferred to regional commander of Nan'ao.

六十年，硃一貴為亂，廷珍上書滿保策破賊狀，滿保令統戰船四百、將弁一百二十、官兵一萬二千，會提督施世驃於澎湖，剋期進剿。廷珍至澎湖，言於世驃曰：「賊皆烏合，不足憂，惟脅從至三十萬人，請檄示止殲渠魁，餘勿問。則人人有生之樂，無死之心，可不血刃平也。」世驃從之。師至鹿耳門，賊扼險拒守。諸將林亮、董芳當前鋒，殊死戰，廷珍率大隊繼之，連戰皆捷。賊大潰，退保府治。世驃遣亮等自西港仔暗度，廷珍以大軍躡其後。賊在蘇厝甲，與亮等決戰，廷珍分兵馳赴之。賊望見旗幟，戰稍卻，乘勝追逐，遂大潰。夜駐犁頭標，設伏以待，賊果至，四面突擊，賊大亂，自相攻殺。追敗之木柵仔，复敗之蔦松溪，遂入府城，秋毫無所犯，民大悅。一貴及其黨李勇、吳外等皆就擒。分遣諸將復南北二路，署台灣總兵。秋，南路阿猴林餘孽復起，討平之。招降陳福壽等十數人，皆渠魁也。未幾，世驃卒，廷珍攝提督。餘賊黃殿等以次擒滅。

In 1721 Zhu Yigui rebelled. Tingzhen wrote to Manbao outlining how to defeat the rebels. Manbao ordered him to take four hundred warships, one hundred twenty officers, and twelve thousand troops, join Naval Commander Shi Shipiao at Penghu, and attack on a set date. When Tingzhen reached Penghu he told Shipiao, "The rebels are a rabble and not worth fearing, but as many as three hundred thousand people were coerced. Issue a proclamation that only the ringleaders are to be killed and the rest left alone. Then everyone will rejoice in life and lose the will to die, and the island can be pacified without bloodshed." Shipiao agreed. When the army reached Lukang the rebels held the strategic points and resisted. Generals Lin Liang and Dong Fang led the vanguard and fought desperately. Tingzhen followed with the main force and won battle after battle. The rebels broke in rout and fell back to defend the prefectural seat. Shipiao sent Liang and others to cross secretly from Xigangzi while Tingzhen followed with the main army. The rebels were at Sucuo Jia fighting a decisive battle with Liang's force. Tingzhen split his troops and hurried to support them. The rebels saw the banners, their resistance faltered, and the pursuers drove them into a complete rout. That night they camped at Litou Biao and set an ambush. When the rebels came as expected, troops struck from all sides. The rebels panicked and began killing one another. They routed them again at Muzhaizi and at Niaosong Stream, then entered the prefectural city without harming a single thing. The people were overjoyed. Yigui and his followers Li Yong, Wu Wai, and others were all taken. He sent generals to recover the northern and southern routes and served as acting regional commander of Taiwan. That autumn rebel remnants at Ahonglin in the south rose again, and he put them down. He induced Chen Fushou and more than ten other ringleaders to surrender. Before long Shipiao died, and Tingzhen served as acting provincial commander. The remaining rebels, including Huang Dian, were hunted down and destroyed one after another.

六十一年，授台灣總兵。雍正元年，擢福建水師提督，加左都督，賜孔雀翎，予三等阿達哈哈番世職。世宗褒廷珍忠赤，惟屢勉以操守。二年，入覲，命赴馬蘭峪謁景陵，賞賚稠疊。七年，病聞，遣醫診視。尋卒，贈太子少保，諡襄毅。子日寵，嗣世職，官銅山營參將。孫元枚，自有傳。

In 1722 he was appointed regional commander of Taiwan. In 1723 he was promoted to naval commander of Fujian, given the additional rank of Left Commander-in-Chief, bestowed a peacock feather, and granted a hereditary rank of Third Class Adahafan. The Yongzheng Emperor praised Tingzhen's loyal devotion but repeatedly urged him to keep his integrity. In 1724 he came to court, was ordered to pay respects at the Jing Mausoleum at Malanyu, and received lavish rewards. In 1729 word came that he was ill, and the court sent physicians to attend him. He soon died and was posthumously made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous title Xiangyi. His son Richong succeeded to the hereditary rank and served as garrison deputy commander of the Tongshan camp. His grandson Yuanmei has his own biography.

族弟鼎元，字玉霖，力學負才。廷珍統師入台灣，鼎元參軍事，著平台紀略。雍正元年，詔舉文行兼優之士，貢入太學，有司以鼎元薦，大學士硃軾器之，用薦得召見。上書陳時政，上嘉納。授廣東普寧知縣。居官有惠政，長於斷獄。性伉直，坐事劾罷。總督鄂彌達白其誣，召詣京師。旋署廣州知府。甫一月，卒。鼎元嘗論台灣善後策，謂諸羅宜畫地更設一縣，總兵不可移駐澎湖。後諸羅析縣曰彰化，更設北路三營，總兵官仍駐台灣，皆如鼎元言。

His clansman Dingyuan, whose style was Yulin, was a diligent scholar of real ability. When Tingzhen led the army into Taiwan, Dingyuan served on his staff and wrote A Brief Account of Pacifying Taiwan. In 1723 an edict called for men distinguished in both learning and conduct to enter the Imperial Academy. Local officials recommended Dingyuan; Grand Secretary Zhu Shi valued him, and on that recommendation he was summoned to audience. He submitted a memorial on current affairs, and the emperor praised and accepted it. He was appointed magistrate of Puning in Guangdong. In office he governed with kindness and excelled at deciding cases. He was blunt and upright by nature and was impeached and dismissed over an affair. Governor-General E'erjidari reported that the charge was false, and he was summoned to the capital. He was soon appointed acting prefect of Guangzhou. After only one month in office he died. Dingyuan once proposed policies for governing Taiwan after the rebellion, arguing that Zhuluo should be divided to form a new county and that the regional commander should not be moved to Penghu. Later Zhuluo was split off as Zhanghua county, three northern-route camps were established, and the regional commander remained in Taiwan—all as Dingyuan had urged.

林亮，字漢侯，福建漳浦人。少習騎射擊刺。生長海濱，島澳險夷，舟航利鈍，靡不講求。初授台灣水師把總，累遷澎湖協守備。硃一貴陷台灣，官吏渡澎湖，居民洶懼。將吏以孤島難守，僉議撤歸廈門，各遣家屬登舟。亮按劍厲聲曰：「朝廷疆土，尺寸不可棄！今鋒刃未血，相率委去，縱避賊刃，能逃國法乎？請整兵配船，守禦要害，賊至，決死戰！戰不捷，亮死，君等去未遲。」乃馳赴海口，申號令，驅將吏家屬登岸，令敢言退廈門者斬。時糧絕餉匱，亮輸貲買穀，碾米給軍，制戰攻器械，俟師至。提督施世驃、總兵藍廷珍以亮忠勇，令當前鋒，領舟師五百七十人抵鹿耳門。一貴黨蘇天威據砲台以拒，亮率六艦直進，發砲中敵，火起，斃賊無算。乘勝進攻安平鎮，亮先登樹幟，賊潰走。翌日，鏖戰鯤身，駕舟橫衝賊陣，復大敗之。賊退至府城，世驃令亮分兵自西港仔暗度拊其背，廷珍以軍繼進，大戰，賊死傷遍野，遂克府治。亮功最，遷台灣參將。雍正元年，敘平台灣功，加都督同知，予一等阿達哈哈番世職。是年秋，入京，上深嘉之，擢水師副將，賜孔雀翎。

Lin Liang, whose style was Hanhou, came from Zhangpu in Fujian. As a youth he trained in horsemanship, archery, and close combat. Raised on the coast, he studied every harbor and island, its dangers and advantages, and the strengths and weaknesses of shipping routes. He was first appointed platoon commander in the Taiwan naval forces and rose to garrison commander of the Penghu command. When Zhu Yigui seized Taiwan, officials fled to Penghu and the inhabitants were terrified. The officers, thinking the isolated island could not be held, agreed to withdraw to Xiamen and sent their families aboard ship. Liang gripped his sword and said in a stern voice, "The empire's territory—not an inch may be abandoned! Before a blade has even been bloodied you would abandon it together. Even if you escape the rebels' swords, can you escape the law? Array the troops, assign the ships, defend the vital points, and when the rebels come, fight to the death! If we do not prevail, let me die first; you may withdraw then. He galloped to the harbor, issued orders, drove the officers' families ashore, and decreed death for anyone who spoke of retreating to Xiamen. Grain and pay were exhausted. Liang spent his own funds to buy grain, husked rice for the troops, made weapons, and waited for the main army. Naval Commander Shi Shipiao and regional commander Lan Tingzhen, valuing Liang's loyalty and courage, made him vanguard. He led five hundred seventy sailors to Lukang. Yigui's follower Su Tianwei held the batteries. Liang led six ships straight in, cannon fire struck the enemy, flames erupted, and countless rebels were killed. Pressing the victory, he advanced on Anping. Liang was first ashore to raise the banner, and the rebels fled. The next day he fought fiercely at Kun Shen, drove his boat through the rebel line, and routed them again. The rebels fell back on the prefectural city. Shipiao ordered Liang to cross secretly from Xigangzi and strike their rear while Tingzhen followed with the main force. In the great battle rebels lay dead across the field, and the prefectural seat was taken. Liang's merit ranked first, and he was promoted to garrison deputy commander of Taiwan. In 1723, in recognition of the pacification of Taiwan, he was given the rank of Vice Commander-in-Chief and granted a hereditary rank of First Class Adahafan. That autumn he went to the capital. The emperor praised him warmly, promoted him to naval vice commander, and bestowed a peacock feather.

二年，授台灣鎮總兵。亮以台灣初被兵，加意撫綏，整水陸兵防。又招撫生番一百八社、男婦一萬八百餘人。亮因番嗜色布、鹽、糖，遣吏歷各社齎賜之，因宣布德意，群番悅服。五年，移浙江定海，卒於官，賜祭葬。

In 1724 he was appointed regional commander of the Taiwan garrison. Knowing Taiwan had just been ravaged by war, Liang paid special attention to pacification and reorganized the land and sea defenses. He also induced one hundred eight aboriginal communities, more than ten thousand eight hundred men and women, to submit. Knowing the aborigines valued colored cloth, salt, and sugar, he sent officials through each community with gifts, proclaimed the court's benevolence, and won their willing submission. In 1727 he was transferred to Dinghai in Zhejiang, died in office, and was granted state funeral honors.

何勉，字尚敏，福建侯官人。初授督標把總。康熙五十八年，薛彥文等聚後洋山為匪，勉奉檄捕擒之。六十年，從提督施世驃討硃一貴，勉攻南路，擒其黨杜會三、蘇清等；又於北路獲黃潛等二十六人。明年，遷台灣鎮標千總。時一貴餘黨王忠等出沒內山，巡視台灣御史吳達禮督捕治，總兵藍廷珍檄勉偵緝。遣降卒為導，入鳳山深箐中，獲賊黨劉富生，思拒捕，立擒之。擢北路營參將，予拖沙喇哈番世職。雍正四年，水連沙等社叛番蠢動，總督高其倬檄從台灣道吳昌祚按治。勉攻北港，番請降，水連沙二十五社悉平。

He Mian, whose style was Shangmin, came from Houguan in Fujian. He was first appointed platoon commander of the governor's standard. In 1719 Xue Yanwen and others gathered as bandits at Houyang Mountain. Mian received orders and captured them. In 1721 he followed Provincial Commander Shi Shipiao against Zhu Yigui. Mian attacked the southern route and captured followers Du Huisan, Su Qing, and others; on the northern route he also captured Huang Qian and twenty-six others. The following year he was promoted to company commander of the Taiwan garrison standard. Yigui's remnant follower Wang Zhong and others were raiding the inner mountains. Investigating censor Wu Dali of Taiwan supervised the hunt, and regional commander Lan Tingzhen ordered Mian to track them down. He sent surrendered soldiers as guides into the deep ravines of Fengshan, seized rebel follower Liu Fusheng when he tried to resist, and captured him on the spot. He was promoted to garrison deputy commander of the Northern Route camp and granted a hereditary rank of Tuhalahafan. In 1726 rebellious aborigines of communities such as Shuilian Sha stirred. Governor-General Gao Qisuo ordered him to join Taiwan circuit intendant Wu Changzuo in suppressing them. Mian attacked Beigang. The aborigines sued for peace, and all twenty-five Shuilian Sha communities were pacified.

遷湖廣洞庭協副將。十年，貴州九股苗作亂，詔發湖廣兵二千協剿。提督張正興檄勉領兵五百赴貴州，進攻交汪寨。勉乘霧夾擊，苗敗遁，复據蓮花峰築屯。時貴州提督哈元生自台拱移軍至，令勉攻其東。勉先登奪，賊竄走，掩擊之，陣斬其渠，餘眾就擒。擢雲南鶴麗鎮總兵，調臨元，復調廣東左翼。五年，調台灣，尋又移南澳，署福建水師提督。乾隆十年，以疾乞休，詔解任回籍調治。尋召詣京師，以篤老，命原品休致。十七年，卒，賜祭葬。子思和，嗣世職。二十七年，复官台灣總兵。

He was transferred to vice commander of the Dongting command in Huguang. In 1732 the Jiugu Miao of Guizhou rebelled, and an edict dispatched two thousand Huguang troops to assist in the campaign. Provincial commander Zhang Zhengxing ordered Mian to lead five hundred men to Guizhou and attack Jiaowang Stockade. Mian struck from both sides in the fog. The Miao were defeated and fled, then reoccupied Lotus Peak and built a stockade. Guizhou provincial commander Ha Yuansheng then moved his army from Taigong and ordered Mian to attack from the east. Mian was first to scale the heights and seize the pass. The rebels broke and fled; he pursued, killed their leader in battle, and captured the rest. He was promoted to regional commander of Heli in Yunnan, transferred to Linyuan, and then to the Left Wing in Guangdong. In 1737 he was transferred to Taiwan, soon moved to Nan'ao, and served as acting naval commander of Fujian. In 1745, citing illness, he asked to retire. An edict relieved him of office so he could return home for treatment. He was soon summoned to the capital, but because he was aged and infirm was allowed to retire at his former rank. In 1752 he died and was granted state funeral honors. His son Sihe succeeded to the hereditary rank. In 1762 he again served as regional commander of Taiwan.

陳倫蜅，字次安，福建同安人。父昂，字英士，弱冠賈海上，習島嶼形勢、風潮險易。施琅徵台灣，徵從軍，有功，授游擊。累遷至碣石總兵，擢廣東右翼副都統。嘗上疏言：「西洋治曆法者宜定員，毋多留，留者勿使布教。」又以沿海居民困於海禁，將疏請弛之。會疾作，命倫蜅以遺疏進，詔報可。

Chen Lunjiong, whose style was Ci'an, came from Tong'an in Fujian. His father Ang, whose style was Yingshi, took to seaborne trade in his youth and mastered the shapes of islands and the hazards of wind and tide. When Shi Lang campaigned against Taiwan he was recruited into the army, served with distinction, and was appointed colonel. He rose in turn to regional commander of Jieshi and was promoted to vice commander of the Right Wing in Guangdong. He once memorialized: "Westerners who manage the calendar should be kept to a fixed quota. Do not retain too many, and those who remain must not be allowed to preach." He also planned to memorialize for easing the maritime prohibition, because coastal residents were suffering under it. When illness struck he ordered Lunjiong to submit his death memorial. An edict approved it.

倫蜅初以廕生授三等侍衛。雍正初，授台灣總兵，調廣東高廉。坐事降台灣副將。复授總兵，歷江南蘇松、狼山諸鎮。擢浙江提督。卒。

Lunjiong was first appointed a Third Rank Bodyguard through hereditary privilege. Early in the Yongzheng reign he was appointed regional commander of Taiwan, then transferred to Gaolian in Guangdong. He was demoted to vice commander of Taiwan over an affair. He was again appointed regional commander and served at the Susong, Langshan, and other garrisons in Jiangnan. He was promoted to provincial commander of Zhejiang. He died in office.

昂疏並言：「臣詳察海上諸國，東海日本為大，次則琉球。西則暹羅為最。東南番族文萊等數十小國，惟噶囉吧、呂宋最強。噶囉吧為紅毛一種，中有英圭黎、干絲蠛、和蘭西、荷蘭、大小西洋各國。和蘭西最凶狠，與澳門種人同派，習廣東情事。請敕督、撫、關差諸臣防備，於未入港之先，取其火砲。另設所關束，每年不許多船並集。」下兵部，但令沿海將吏晝夜防衛，寢昂議。倫蜅為侍衛時，聖祖嘗召詢互市諸國事，對悉與圖籍合。時互市諸國奉約束惟謹，獨昂、倫蜅父子有遠慮，憂之最早雲。

Ang's memorial also stated: "I have closely examined the maritime powers. In the eastern sea Japan is greatest, followed by Ryukyu. To the west Siam is foremost. Among the southeastern maritime peoples are dozens of small states such as Brunei, but only Jakarta and Luzon are strongest. Jakarta is a Dutch entrepôt where English, Castilian, French, Dutch, and other Western powers are represented. The French are the fiercest; they are kin to the Macanese and know Guangdong affairs well. I ask that governors, coordinators, and customs officials be ordered to take precautions and seize foreign cannon before ships enter harbor. Separate stations should restrain them, and many ships must not be allowed to gather in one place each year. The memorial went to the Ministry of War, which merely ordered coastal officers to defend day and night and set Ang's proposal aside. When Lunjiong was a bodyguard, the Kangxi Emperor once summoned him to inquire about the trading nations, and his answers matched the official maps and records in every detail. At the time the trading nations observed restraint scrupulously, but Ang and his son Lunjiong alone looked ahead with foreboding and worried earliest of all.

歐陽凱，福建漳浦人。起行伍，累官江南蘇松水師營總兵。康熙五十七年，調福建台灣鎮，以功加左都督。六十年，硃一貴作亂，官軍遇賊於赤山，千總陳元戰死。賊進攻鳳山，把總林富戰死，守備馬定國自殺。凱率所部守備胡忠義、千總蔣子龍、把總林彥御之春牛埔；參將羅萬倉，游擊孫文元，城守游擊許雲，守備遊崇功，千總趙奇奉、林文煌，把總李茂吉率水師來會，力戰破賊。次日，賊大至，凱力戰，與忠義子龍彥俱沒於陣，賊截凱首去。雲、崇功、奇奉、文煌同日戰死。茂吉被執，不屈，死。賊陷府治，萬倉戰死，文元奔鹿耳門投海死。同死者游擊王九人、守備吳泰嵩。又有把總石琳，自汀州被檄至台灣，遇變被圍，死之。六月，師克台灣。一貴既誅，獲其黨黃殿等，械送福州獄。雍正元年二月，賊破械斬關出，至下渡尾，都司閻威、守備楊士虎逐捕，殺數賊，被創死。先後議卹，凱贈太子少保，廕守備；雲以下皆贈官、予世職有差。

Ouyang Kai came from Zhangpu in Fujian. He rose from the ranks to regional commander of the Susong naval camp in Jiangnan. In 1718 he was transferred to the Taiwan garrison in Fujian and given the additional rank of Left Commander-in-Chief for merit. In 1721 Zhu Yigui rebelled. Government troops met the rebels at Chishan, and company commander Chen Yuan was killed in battle. The rebels advanced on Fengshan. Platoon commander Lin Fu was killed in battle, and garrison commander Ma Dingguo took his own life. Kai led his subordinates garrison commander Hu Zhongyi, company commander Jiang Zilong, and platoon commander Lin Yan to defend Chunniu Pu; Deputy commander Luo Wancang, colonels Sun Wenyuan and Xu Yun, garrison commander You Chonggong, company commanders Zhao Qifeng and Lin Wenhuang, and platoon commander Li Maoji brought the fleet to join them. They fought fiercely and routed the rebels. The next day the rebels came in overwhelming force. Kai fought to the end; he, Zhongyi, Zilong, and Yan all fell in battle, and the rebels cut off Kai's head and carried it away. Xu Yun, You Chonggong, Zhao Qifeng, and Lin Wenhuang were killed in battle the same day. Li Maoji was captured, refused to submit, and was killed. The rebels seized the prefectural seat. Wancang was killed in battle, and Wenyuan fled to Lukang and drowned himself in the sea. Colonel Wang Jiuren and garrison commander Wu Taisong died with them. Platoon commander Shi Lin had been ordered from Tingzhou to Taiwan, was caught in the uprising, surrounded, and killed. In the sixth month the army recovered Taiwan. After Yigui was executed, his follower Huang Dian and others were captured and sent in chains to prison in Fuzhou. In the second month of 1723 the prisoners broke their fetters, killed the guards, and escaped to Xiaduwei. Brigade commander Yan Wei and garrison commander Yang Shihu pursued them, killed several rebels, and died of their wounds. Posthumous honors were granted in turn. Kai was posthumously made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and his son was ennobled as garrison commander; from Xu Yun downward all received posthumous offices and hereditary ranks in varying degrees.

羅萬倉，甘肅寧夏人。官北路參將。凱戰死，賊攻府城，萬倉督將卒登埤，發大砲擊賊，僕賊旗。賊大至，萬倉出城與戰，逾溝墜馬，賊以竹篙刺其喉，猶揮刀殺賊乃死。妾蔣聞報，自經殉。

Luo Wancang came from Ningxia in Gansu. He served as deputy commander of the Northern Route. After Kai fell, the rebels attacked the prefectural city. Wancang directed his men onto the ramparts, fired great guns at the rebels, and knocked down their banner. When the rebels came in force he rode out to fight. Crossing a ditch he fell from his horse. Rebels pierced his throat with bamboo poles, yet he still swung his blade and killed several before he died. On hearing the news his concubine Jiang hanged herself in devotion.

遊崇功，字仲嘉，福建漳浦人。材力雄健。從總兵蔡元鎮襄陽。補右營把總，累遷福建長福營守備，分防長樂縣。濱海有磁澳，賊艘所出沒。崇功廉得狀，以兵二百伏隘口，入澳捕之。賊棄舟登岸，伏發，擒十七人。自是島澳肅清。長樂水災，崇功謁巡撫滿保，請發粟平糶，民食以濟。調台灣北路營守備，巡緝外洋，擒海賊陳阿尾等六十餘人。遷水師游擊。一貴作亂，崇功方出洋巡哨，聞報，率兵還赴安平，至則賊已熾，崇功急登岸赴敵。其婿蔡章琦叩馬請一過家門區處眷屬，崇功不顧，躍馬揮眾，殺賊甚眾。五月朔，賊數万戰於春牛埔，凱戰死，崇功突圍衝擊，馬被創，遂歿於陣。章琦，國子監生。聞崇功戰沒，赴海死。

You Chonggong, whose style was Zhongjia, came from Zhangpu in Fujian. He was powerfully built and physically formidable. He followed regional commander Cai Yuanzhen to Xiangyang. He was appointed platoon commander of the Right Battalion, rose to garrison commander of the Changfu camp in Fujian, and was assigned to defend Changle county. On the coast lay Ci'ao, a haunt of pirate vessels. Chonggong investigated and learned the facts, posted two hundred men in ambush at the pass, and entered the inlet to capture them. The pirates abandoned their boats and came ashore. The ambush was sprung and seventeen men were captured. From then on the coastal islands and inlets were cleared. When Changle suffered a flood, Chonggong called on Grand Coordinator Manbao and asked that grain be issued for relief sales. The people's food supply was thereby saved. He was transferred to garrison commander of the Taiwan Northern Route camp, patrolled the outer seas, and captured more than sixty pirates including Chen Awei. He was promoted to naval colonel. When Yigui rebelled Chonggong was at sea on patrol. On hearing the news he hurried back to Anping, but the rebels were already strong. He went ashore at once to fight. His son-in-law Cai Zhangqi begged him to stop at his home to settle the family. Chonggong paid no heed, spurred his horse forward, led his men in, and killed many rebels. On the first day of the fifth month tens of thousands of rebels fought at Chunniu Pu. Kai was killed. Chonggong broke through the encirclement and charged, his horse was wounded, and he fell in battle. Zhangqi was a student of the Imperial Academy. On hearing that Chonggong had fallen in battle, he went to the sea and drowned himself.

Cite this Chapter