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列傳九十八
Biography 98
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Ha Panlong, his son Guo Xing, Ren Ju, Ye Daxiong, Ma Liangzhu, Ben Jinzhong, and Liu Shun
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哈攀龍，直隸河間人，其先出回部。 乾隆二年一甲一名武進士，授頭等侍衛。 以副將發福建，除興化城守副將。 遷總兵，歷河南南陽，福建海壇、漳州諸鎮。 以母喪去官。 十三年，高宗東巡，攀龍迎鑾，命往金川，隸總督張廣泗軍，署松潘鎮總兵。 出美諾溝，取撒臥山、大松林、噶達諸寨。 分兵出馬溝右梁，察形勢，得其險要，搜截松林，賊蔽松設卡。 毀其二，徑左梁山溝，砲斃賊數十。 進克渴足寨，焚碉寨四、水城一，殺賊二十餘。 尋與署重慶鎮總兵任舉合兵攻色爾力石城，舉沒於陣。 攀龍入林，殪賊三十餘，奪舉屍回。 复偕都統班第、署重慶鎮總兵段起賢、侍衛富成分道夜襲色爾力，焚木卡三，殺賊五十餘。 進破石梁、雙溝諸壘。 經略訥親、總督張廣泗劾攀龍攻色爾力不能下，兵部議左遷。 上責攀龍自陳，攀龍言屢克卡殺賊報廣泗，廣泗不以入告。 會訥親、廣泗皆得罪去，上知攀龍枉，命罷議。 尋從經略大學士傅恆夜攻色爾力，先登，拔石卡，殪賊數十。 十四年，金川事定，命署固原提督。 十六年，移湖廣提督，陳整飭弁兵諸事，上嘉勉之。 尋命真除。 复移貴州提督。 入陛見，病留京師，卒。
Ha Panlong was from Hejian in Zhili; his family traced its descent to the Hui communities. In Qianlong 2 (1737) he graduated at the head of the military jinshi of the top tier and was made a first-class imperial guardsman. Posted to Fujian as a brigade deputy commander, he was then appointed deputy commander for the defense of Xinghua. Promoted to regional commander, he served in turn at Nanyang in Henan and at Haitan and Zhangzhou in Fujian. He resigned to observe mourning for his mother. In year thirteen, when the Qianlong Emperor toured the east, Panlong met the imperial progress and was sent to Jinchuan under Governor-General Zhang Guangsi, with acting command of Songpan. Advancing through Meinuo Ravine, he captured the stockades at Sawo Mountain, Great Pine Forest, and Gada. Detaching troops to the right ridge of Magou, he reconnoitered the ground, seized the key points, and swept the pine forest, where the rebels had hidden among the trees and thrown up palisades. He destroyed two of the palisades, pushed through Zuoliangshan Ravine, and killed several dozen rebels with cannon fire. Pressing forward he took Kezu stockade, burned four blockhouse forts and one water fort, and killed more than twenty rebels. He soon joined Acting Chongqing commander Ren Ju in an assault on the stone fortress at Se'erli, where Ju was killed in action. Panlong fought into the woods, killed more than thirty rebels, and brought Ju's body back. He again joined Banner Commander Ban Di, Acting Chongqing commander Duan Qixian, and Guardsman Fucheng in a night assault on Se'erli from several directions, burning three wooden palisades and killing more than fifty rebels. He pressed on and stormed the fortified positions at Shiliang and Shuanggou. Commissioner-General Neqin and Governor-General Zhang Guangsi impeached Panlong for failing to take Se'erli, and the Board of War recommended his demotion. The emperor ordered Panlong to account for himself; Panlong replied that he had repeatedly reported captures and kills to Guangsi, who had not relayed them to the court. When Neqin and Guangsi were both punished and dismissed, the emperor saw that Panlong had been wronged and ordered the case closed. He soon followed Grand Secretary and commissioner-general Fu Heng in a night assault on Se'erli, was first over the wall, seized the stone palisade, and killed several dozen rebels. In year fourteen, after Jinchuan was pacified, he was appointed acting provincial commander of Guyuan. In year sixteen he was transferred to Huguang as provincial commander; his memorials on disciplining officers and troops won the emperor's praise. He was soon confirmed in the post. He was then transferred to Guizhou as provincial commander. Called to court for an audience, he fell ill in the capital and died there.
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子國興，乾隆十七年武進士，授三等侍衛。 出為雲南督標右營游擊，遷東川營參將。 緬甸頭人召散據孟艮為亂。 總督楊應琚檄國興佐軍，戰楞木，進克猛卯，督戰被槍，創右輔及臂。 應琚以聞，賜孔雀翎。 尋署騰越營副將。 時副將趙宏榜以偏師深入，與緬人戰於新街，師敗績。 國興師至蠻暮，诇新街無備，督兵潛入，緬人乃引退。 從將軍明瑞進克木邦，戰於蠻暮，大破之。 复偕侍衛莽克察擊斬守隘賊六十餘。 擢楚姚鎮總兵。 入陛見，命在乾清門行走，賚銀幣。 還軍，移普洱鎮總兵，遷貴州提督。 經略傅恆議用水師，令國興赴銅壁關外野人山督造船。 移雲南提督，加太子少保。 船成，從傅恆出猛拱、孟養、南豐、猛烈、猛壩，次老官屯。 緬人水陸備甚固，攻之不時下。 頭人諾爾塔以其酋懵駁命，遣使得魯蘊詣軍乞解兵。 傅恆令國興出見，曉以利害，令具約十年一貢，毋更擾邊，歸所掠內地人。 緬人誓奉約。 時傅恆方病，將軍阿桂召從征諸大臣議，皆言許之便，遂與定約解兵。 既而貢弗至，總督彰寶遣都司蘇爾相諭意，留不遣，揚言國興許以木邦、猛拱、蠻暮三土司予緬人，請如議。 彰寶劾國興與緬人議具約不以實，上召國興至京師，詰國興，國興自陳未嘗有此議。 上責國興遷就畢事，奪太子少保，左授貴州古州鎮總兵。 移雲南臨元鎮。 後二年，得魯蘊復至老官屯，請如前誓三事。
His son Guo Xing took the military jinshi in Qianlong 17 (1752) and was made a third-class imperial guardsman. Posted as battalion colonel in the right camp of the Yunnan provincial command, he was promoted to regimental colonel of the Dongchuan garrison. The Burmese chieftain Zhaosan seized Menggen and rebelled. Governor-General Yang Yingju called Guo Xing to the field; he fought at Lengmu, took Mengmao, and while directing the battle was shot in the right cheek and arm. Yingju reported the wound, and the court awarded him a peacock feather. He was soon made acting brigade deputy commander at Tengyue. Brigade deputy Zhao Hongbang had led a detached column deep into Burma and been defeated at Xinjie. Guo Xing reached Manmu, found Xinjie unguarded, slipped troops in by stealth, and the Burmese withdrew. Following General Ming Rui he took Mubang and won a major victory at Manmu. With Guardsman Mangkecha he attacked the pass defenders and killed more than sixty. He was promoted to regional commander of Chuyao. Summoned to court, he was assigned to duty at the Gate of Heavenly Purity and rewarded with silver and coins. Back in the field, he was moved to Pu'er as regional commander and then to Guizhou as provincial commander. Commissioner-general Fu Heng planned a river fleet and sent Guo Xing beyond Tongbi Pass to the Wild Man Mountains to oversee construction. Transferred to Yunnan as provincial commander, he was also made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. When the fleet was ready he followed Fu Heng through Menggong, Mengyang, Nanfeng, Menglie, and Mengba to Laoguantun. Burmese land and river defenses were formidable, and the assault could not be pressed to a quick finish. Chieftain Nuo'erta, on the orders of their ruler Mengbo, sent the envoy Deluyun to ask for a withdrawal. Fu Heng had Guo Xing meet the envoy, explain the stakes, and draw up terms: tribute every ten years, no further border raids, and the return of captives taken inland. The Burmese swore to keep the agreement. Fu Heng was ill; General Agui called the ministers on campaign to council, all favored acceptance, and the army made peace and withdrew. When tribute failed to arrive, Governor-General Zhang Bao sent Battalion Commander Su Erxiang to convey the court's position. The Burmese detained him, claiming that Guo Xing had promised them the three native chieftaincies of Mubang, Menggong, and Manmu and demanding that the agreement be honored. Zhang Bao impeached Guo Xing for misreporting the Burmese negotiations; summoned to the capital, Guo Xing denied ever promising the three domains. The emperor blamed Guo Xing for settling too cheaply, stripped his Junior Guardian title, and demoted him to regional commander at Guzhou in Guizhou. He was transferred to the Linyuan command in Yunnan. Two years later Deluyun returned to Laoguantun and asked that the three earlier pledges be honored.
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時師徵金川，上命國興從將軍溫福進討。 三十七年，遷西安提督，命盡護陝西、甘肅從征諸軍。 尋令偕總兵董天弼自曾頭溝取底木達、布朗郭宗。 溫福以國興能軍，令自策卜丹徑取美諾當一面。 國興自阿喀木雅山溝紆道徑瑪爾迪克山寨，察策卜丹地勢，林深徑狹，不宜於行師，乃將二千人佐海蘭察攻瑪爾迪克。 溫福再疏聞上。 金川賊千餘屯貢噶山左，謀劫糧，國興馳擊，賊敗匿。 師還，經瑪爾迪克，賊自林中出，复擊敗之，上賚荷包四。 進攻貢噶山，設伏，斬賊百餘，搜箐奪碉卡。 九月，金川酋索諾木使詣國興，請獻鄂克什地以降。 國興令並割南北兩山美美卡、木蘭壩及瑪爾迪克。 越日，賊盡撤諸柵。 國興以兵入鄂克什舊寨，賊退守路頂宗。 十月，使歸墨壟溝師敗時所掠外委臧儒，且言嘗勸僧格桑同降。 溫福以聞，上令國興檄諭索諾木聲其罪。 時國興及海蘭察將五千人屯貢噶山，謀攻策卜丹，阻冰雪未進。 上命還師攻路頂宗。 路頂宗山麓有巨溝，溝源出南山。 海蘭察紆道出山後，侍衛額森特自小徑為應，國興前越溝攻碉。 師繼進，遂克路頂宗，破卡五十餘、碉三百餘，俘獲甚眾。 復自喀木色爾北山攻穆拉斯郭大寨，進據兜烏山巔，與總兵馬彪軍合，奪附近碉卡，克額爾奔木柵。 復將千人渡水，自南山鄂爾濟仰攻，克諸寨，與大軍會，進攻明郭宗。 別以兵襲擊公雅山，克木爾古魯寨，並奪據嘉巴山麓。 廷議既定小金川，分命將帥三道進討金川。 上曰：「國興雖綠營漢員，熟軍事； 又嘗為乾清門侍衛，與滿洲大臣無異。」 授參贊大臣，佐副將軍豐升額。 是月克明郭宗，焚念經樓。 整兵進取日果爾烏谷山麓，攻美諾。 上嘉國興功，官其子文虎守備。 攻克布朗郭宗，僧格桑遁金川。 我軍直抵底木達，僧格桑父澤旺出降。 小金川平。
While the army was campaigning in Jinchuan, the emperor ordered Guo Xing to join General Wenfu. In year thirty-seven he was made provincial commander of Xi'an with overall charge of the Shaanxi and Gansu contingents. He was soon ordered with Regional Commander Dong Tianbi to take Dimuda and Bulangguozong from Zengtou Ravine. Judging Guo Xing an able commander, Wenfu sent him straight from Cebudan against Meinuo on his own front. Guo Xing took a detour through Akemuya Ravine toward Ma'erdike stockade; finding Cebudan's forests too deep and paths too narrow for a main column, he led two thousand men to assist Hailancha in assaulting Ma'erdike. Wenfu reported again to the throne. More than a thousand rebels lay to the left of Gongga Mountain, plotting to cut the grain route; Guo Xing rode them down and they scattered into hiding. On the march back through Ma'erdike rebels burst from the woods; he beat them off again and received four imperial purses. Advancing on Gongga Mountain he laid an ambush, killed more than a hundred rebels, swept the ravines, and took the blockhouse palisades. In the ninth month Jinchuan chief Suonuomu sent envoys offering to yield Ekeshe in submission. Guo Xing demanded Meimeika on both northern and southern ridges, Mulanba, and Ma'erdike as well. The next day the rebels abandoned every palisade. Guo Xing occupied the old Ekeshe stockade while the rebels fell back to Ludingzong. In the tenth month, Suonuomu's envoys returned Sub-lieutenant Zang Ru, captured when the army was defeated at Molong Ravine, and said that Suonuomu had urged Senge Sang to submit with him. Wenfu reported the exchange, and the emperor ordered Guo Xing to issue a proclamation to Suonuomu enumerating his crimes. Guo Xing and Hailancha had five thousand men at Gongga Mountain planning an assault on Cebudan, but ice and snow held them back. The emperor ordered them to turn back and take Ludingzong. At the foot of Ludingzong stood a great ravine fed from the southern ridge. Hailancha circled behind the mountain, Guardsman Esente moved along a side path in support, and Guo Xing crossed the ravine in front to storm the blockhouses. The main force followed up, took Ludingzong, destroyed more than fifty palisades and three hundred blockhouses, and took many prisoners. From Kamuse'er's northern ridge he stormed the great stockade at Mulasi Guo, seized the summit of Douwu Mountain, joined Ma Biao's column, cleared the nearby blockhouses, and took E'erbenmu palisade. With a thousand men he crossed the river, climbed from E'erji on the southern ridge, took the stockades, rejoined the main army, and advanced on Mingguozong. A detached column struck Gongya Mountain, took Mu'ergulu stockade, and seized the foothills of Jiaba. With Lesser Jinchuan settled, the court ordered a three-pronged advance on Greater Jinchuan. The emperor said: "Though Guo Xing is a Han Green Standard officer, he knows war; and having served at the Gate of Heavenly Purity, he stands on no different footing from a Manchu minister." He was made a participating commissioner to assist Deputy Commander-in-Chief Feng Sheng'e. That month they took Mingguozong and burned the scripture hall. He reformed his troops, pushed to the foothills of Riguo'erwu Valley, and assaulted Meinuo. The emperor rewarded Guo Xing by appointing his son Wenhu a garrison commandant. They took Bulangguozong while Senge Sang fled into Greater Jinchuan. The army pushed to Dimuda, where Senge Sang's father Zewang submitted. Lesser Jinchuan was pacified.
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Guo Xing died in camp; the court granted a thousand taels of silver, relieved his family, posthumously made him Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and gave him the posthumous name Zhuangwu (Stalwart in War). He was enshrined in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty and his portrait hung in the Hall of Purple Splendor. Wenhu was made garrison commandant of the Shaanxi provincial right camp, joined the assault on Mugumu, fell in battle, and was enshrined alongside his father. His second son Wenbiao was appointed a company captain.
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Ren Ju was from Datong in Shanxi. He took the military jinshi in Yongzheng 2 (1724). He was posted to Shaanxi as a garrison commandant. He rose to battalion colonel of the Guyuan provincial left camp and acting regimental colonel of the city garrison. In the twelfth month of Qianlong 11 (1746) the Guyuan garrison mutinied, attacked Provincial Commander Xu Shisheng by night, smashed the main gate, and nearly broke in. Hearing the uproar, Ju rode alone to the drum tower, sounded the horn, and mustered only fifty men who had not joined the mutiny, forming them into ranks. The mutineers fell back in fear and looted the town. Ju overtook them, killed more than ten with his own blade, and captured more than forty. The mutineers slipped out the south gate and turned back on the east and west gates. Ju held the east gate while Battalion Colonel Tie Bao of the right camp held the west; together they broke the assault and routed the mutineers. When order was restored, Governor-General Qing Fu reported the affair and Ju was promoted to central-army regimental colonel.
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In Qianlong 12 (1747), he was ordered to campaign against Jinchuan under Governor-General Zhang Guangsi. He was soon made brigade deputy commander of the Xifeng garrison. Ju joined the army and, with Regional Commander Xu Yinghu, Brigade Deputy Gao Zongjin, and Regimental Colonel Mai Guoliang, assaulted the rebel blockhouses at Sedi. After more than two hundred cannon shots, one corner of a blockhouse collapsed; its walls were pierced with gunports as closely packed as fish scales. Judging their guns too light to reduce the fort, Ju prepared to pull back to the defensive line; when the rebels sallied out, he laid another ambush and routed them. In year thirteen the emperor declared: "The commanders in the field, spoiled by the Zhandui campaign, have made timidity and double-dealing a fixed habit. Ju and the others are being used afresh; none served at Zhandui and none are held back by old habits — they should be urged to advance boldly." Zhang Guangsi also reported that among Sichuan's regional commanders none matched Ju in loyalty, courage, or capacity, and ordered him to lead three thousand Han and native troops against Xiling by a separate route. He soon memorialized again to make Ju acting regional commander of Chongqing.
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舉與參將王愷自牛廠至素可尼山。 時五月，遇大雪，闢道以行。 經撒烏山，至昔嶺山梁，山北曰木岡，孤峰當道，賊置城卡守隘。 舉督兵攻卡，憑高發砲洞其垣，令土兵緣溝潛進，毀賊碉。 師循出山腰，克賊卡，遂陟中峰，以千人駐守，進攻木岡。 時總兵哈攀龍師至馬溝右梁，阻松林不得進。 廣泗令自納喇溝出昔嶺右，與舉合攻木岡賊所署城卡，力戰未即下。 舉察昔嶺左有道通卡撒，中經得思東、木達溝，賊皆置碉焉。 總兵冶大雄方自卡撒進，舉與合軍，焚木達溝諸碉，圍得思東，斷其汲道，督兵挾斧斫賊，賊墮岩遁，得大小碉三。 進攻色爾力石城，分兵為三道：舉督兵直攻石城，攀龍出其右，副將唐開中及國良出其左。 越溝度林，攻賊所置木城，國良戰死。 六月己巳，舉與攀龍、開中合攻石城，城堅甚。 我師方力攻，賊三百餘自西南林內出，舉督兵與戰，被創； 戰益力，槍復中要害，遂卒。 攀龍入林殺賊，以其屍還。
Ju and Regimental Colonel Wang Kai advanced from Niuchang to Sokeni Mountain. It was the fifth month; they met heavy snow and had to cut a path forward. Passing Sawu Mountain they reached the Xiling ridge; north of the peak lay Mugang, a solitary height blocking the road, where the rebels had thrown up walled palisades to hold the pass. Ju directed the assault on the palisades, shelled the walls from the heights until they were breached, sent native troops creeping along the ditches, and destroyed the rebel blockhouses. The column worked out along the mountainside, took the rebel palisades, climbed the central peak, left a thousand men to hold it, and pressed on against Mugang. Regional Commander Ha Panlong's column had reached the right ridge of Magou but was stopped by the pine woods and could not get through. Zhang Guangsi ordered Panlong out through Nala Ravine on Xiling's right to join Ju in storming the walled palisades at Mugang; despite fierce fighting the position did not fall at once. Ju found a route on Xiling's left to Kasai through Desidong and Mida Ravine, where the rebels had blockhouses all along the way. Regional Commander Ye Daxiong was advancing from Kasai; Ju united with him, burned the blockhouses in Mida Ravine, invested Desidong and cut its water route, and drove his men in with axes until the rebels plunged from the cliffs and fled, yielding three blockhouses large and small. Pressing the attack on the stone fortress at Se'erli, they split into three columns: Ju struck the fortress head-on, Panlong took the right, and Brigade Deputy Tang Kaizhong and Guoliang the left. Crossing ravines and threading the woods, they assaulted the rebels' wooden fort; Guoliang was killed in action. On jisi day in the sixth month Ju, Panlong, and Kaizhong joined in a combined assault on the stone fortress, which proved extremely strong. While the army was pressing hard, more than three hundred rebels burst from the southwest woods; Ju led the counterattack and was wounded. He fought on with redoubled fury until a musket ball struck a vital spot and he fell dead. Panlong fought into the woods, killed rebels, and brought Ju's body back.
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The emperor had just ordered Ju's formal appointment when Commissioner-General Neqin reported his death in battle; reading the memorial, the emperor wept and declared: "Ju, roused by loyal wrath, met death as gladly as sweetness — yet I, over trifling rebels in revolt, put a good man in mortal danger; the thought wounds me deeply!" He was granted posthumous relief on the scale accorded a provincial commander, raised posthumously to Vice Commissioner-in-chief, given the posthumous name Yonglie (Valiant and Steadfast), enshrined in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty, and his sons Chengen and Chengxu were appointed battalion commander and company captain. When Chengen came to court after mourning, the emperor, finding him still young, sent word to his mother to raise him with care. In year twenty-four he was made a third-class imperial guardsman. He rose in time to provincial commander of Fujian's land forces. In year fifty-two, when Lin Shuangwen rebelled in Taiwan, Chengen volunteered to suppress him; the campaign failed, he was brought to the capital under arrest, and though his crime warranted death the emperor spared him. In year fifty-three he was pardoned and released from prison. In year fifty-five he was again made regimental colonel of the patrol garrison and promoted to brigade deputy. He died. Chengxu held the post of battalion colonel in the patrol garrison; when fire broke out in the city he rushed to help, was wounded, and died. In pardoning Chengen, the emperor noted that Chengen had no son and Chengxu had died in the performance of his duty; Ren Ju's line could not be allowed to end.
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Ye Daxiong was from Chengdu in Sichuan. Enlisting in the army in Kangxi's last years, he joined the campaign in Tibet, captured Litang and Batang, received the submission of stockades including Jiedunluozong and Shuobanduodazong, and took five rebel lamas. In early Yongzheng he marched out through Huang Sheng Pass at Songpan to suppress and pacify twelve Hotang tribes. He assaulted Gelong Monastery, took three ridges and fifteen stockades, and pursued and killed the Kangbo lama at Xihai. He campaigned again at Zhuozi Mountain and Qizi Mountain and killed local chieftains. He pursued and attacked Lobzang Danjin and captured Danjin Hontaiji. Governor-General Yue Zhongqi of Sichuan-Shaanxi recommended him; summoned to audience, he was specially made an imperial guardsman with the blue arrow feather. He rose to regimental colonel of the Zhuanglang garrison in Shaanxi. Raised to brigade deputy by title, given a peacock feather, and sent to the Barkol army, he was by dispatch made acting brigade deputy of the Sichuan-Shaanxi provincial central command.
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The Dzungars struck the karun outposts at Keshitu, Elunji, and elsewhere. With Regional Commander Fan Ting, Daxiong held twenty thousand rebels at bay with two thousand men, fought seven days and nights, and extricated the garrison of the karun. He joined Regional Commander Zhang Yuanzuo and others, fought hard, and killed many rebels. He was granted the hereditary rank of Baitalabulehafan and rewarded with five thousand taels of silver. He was soon made brigade deputy commander of Shanyong in Zhili. He was ordered to serve as acting regional commander of Yiling in Hubei. He memorialized: "Yiling lies more than a thousand li from the provincial capital, and troop pay is issued in four seasonal installments; I ask that it be paid instead in two lump sums, in summer-autumn and winter-spring." The court referred the proposal to the governor-general and governor for review and implementation. He was soon transferred to acting regional commander of Datong in Shanxi. He and the former regional commander Li Rubo impeached each other, and both were stripped of office. In Qianlong 1 (1736) he was posted to Huguang as a brigade deputy and soon made brigade deputy commander of Hengzhou. When the Miao and Yao of Chengsui rose, Daxiong encamped at Chang'an Fort, burned rebel stockades, killed their chiefs, and the remainder came in one after another. He was promoted to regional commander of Zhengan. Governor-General Sun Jiagan impeached him for greed and lax discipline, and he was dismissed. Hunan Governor Jiang Pu reported that the case showed no proof of greed or indulgence; Daxiong was summoned to audience and restored as regional commander of Zhaotong in Yunnan. For his service against the Miao he was given the additional rank of Assistant Commissioner-in-chief.
13
In year thirteen he joined the Jinchuan campaign, reached Kasai, and took command of the Yunnan and Guizhou forces against Sedi, Guangduo, and neighboring stockades. He led troops west of Xiling's central peak, united with Acting Regional Commander Ha Panlong and Ren Ju, took ten blockhouses large and small plus one stone fortress, and demolished one hundred thirty blockhouses. Together they captured the stone fortress and water palisade at the foot of Xiling Ravine. Grand Secretary and commissioner-general Fu Heng reported that Daxiong, a veteran of many battles, had been put in charge of camps and fortifications with thoroughly sound results, and he was awarded a peacock feather. When the Jinchuan chieftains Suoluoben and others sued for surrender, the army withdrew. He was appointed provincial commander of Yunnan with the additional rank of Left Chief Commandant. Daxiong entered court for an audience. His son Jijun was appointed an imperial guardsman with the blue arrow feather and ordered to escort Daxiong to his new command. He memorialized: "In places such as Kalawusu on Tibet's frontier, which adjoin Dzungar lands, brigandage and raids are chronic — an old pattern there. Tibet's northern marches are now our border; solid frontier defense will itself check the robbers. I ask that the Resident Ministers in Tibet keep substantial troops in place and set relay stations along the main road for defense." The emperor praised his careful attention to the matter.
14
Jijun went to Changde to fetch the family; en route he borrowed money from Hui people, and Daxiong reported it. Because Daxiong had known of the affair yet reported and impeached only when it could no longer be hidden, the emperor demoted him to regional commander of Hami. He was ordered to serve as acting provincial commander of Anxi, inspect horses and camels at Barkol, and reported more than four thousand on hand. When Governor-General Fang Guancheng verified that Regimental Colonel Zhong Shijie and others had drawn more than nineteen hundred horses at Barkol, with many dying on the road, they were punished. Finding Daxiong's report inaccurate, the emperor referred the case to the ministry for adjudication. Governor-General Huang Tinggui impeached him again; he was stripped of rank, arrested, and sent to the capital for trial. In the fourth month of year twenty-one, while being conveyed to the capital, he reached Xi'an and died. In Qianlong 32 (1767), because Green Standard hereditary offices could not pass in perpetuity, the emperor ordered the Board of War to review meritorious officers and, once their prescribed successions ended, grant their lines the perpetual hereditary rank of Commandant of Grace Cavalry; Daxiong was among them.
15
Ma Liangzhu was from Zhangye in Gansu; his family traced its descent to the Hui communities. In Kangxi's last years he took the field against Turfan. In early Yongzheng, General A'erbang sent him to Chahan Mailigen to suppress rebels; in both campaigns he distinguished himself. He again followed Anxi Regional Commander Sun Jizong against Lobzang Danjin and received the submission of thirty-three taiji. At Hami'erdabuhangasi he captured the rebel chief, was made an imperial guardsman with the blue arrow feather, given a hundred taels of silver, and promoted to third-class imperial guardsman. Posted as battalion colonel of the Sichuan provincial command, he was granted sable fur and prayer beads. He was ordered to lead troops in garrison duty in Tibet. Soon, after his men harassed the people, he was demoted and placed under the orders of the Sichuan governor and provincial commander.
16
In year eight, when the Zhandui native ruler rebelled, Provincial Commander Huang Tinggui sent Liangzhu to put him down. The rebels held stone blockhouses; he led an uphill assault, had his mount shot from under him, remounted, lost a second horse, and then walked on foot to direct the fight. Stones poured from the blockhouses and wounded his face, but he fought all the harder, burned the forts, and torched the stockades at Cama, Caya, and elsewhere, killing rebels beyond count. The chieftains of Celengbang and neighboring districts all submitted. He was restored as battalion colonel of Songpan's left camp. After three promotions he became brigade deputy commander of Kuizhou.
17
乾隆十年，師复徵瞻對，破直達、鬆多諸寨，奪碉七十餘。 進攻下密左山梁，獲頭人噶籠丹坪。 再進克下密等百餘寨，獲頭人塔巴四交。 渡丫魯河，遂破瞻對，焚其寨。 其渠姜錯太死於火。 十二年，大金川酋莎羅奔攻革布什咱土司，並掠明正土司所屬魯密、章谷諸地。 巡撫紀山移良柱威茂協副將，督兵防禦。 莎羅奔糾小金川土司澤旺侵沃日各寨，都司馬光祖赴援，賊大至，光祖困於熱籠。 良柱率輕騎馳救，敗賊巴納山，進克石卡二百二十三。 光祖等出應，賊潰，圍解。 澤旺降，並還所侵沃日三寨。 詔嘉其奮勇，遷重慶鎮總兵。 再進复孫克宗官寨，攻江卡，戰屢勝，克大小碉寨百餘，降二十餘寨。 進克丹噶山，分兵焚撒籠等七寨，噶固等寨先後降。 賊守石達大碉，良柱冒雨進，數十戰，賊乘夜來撲營，設伏，殲焉。 馬邦頭人思錯已降，總兵許應虎馭之不以道，复叛，圍應虎於的交，良柱馳救。 賊退入戎布寨，攻之未下。 旋复犯馬邦，副將張興被圍。 良柱請移戎布師赴援，總督張廣泗不許，興陷於賊。 侵噶固，守兵叛附賊，奪卡倫七。 廣泗令良柱往攻，力戰，賊未卻。 值大雪二十餘日，糧匱，煮鎧弩以食。 力不支，廣泗檄退師。 倉卒移營，砲械為賊得。
In Qianlong 10 (1745) the army marched again on Zhandui, broke the stockades at Zhida, Songduo, and elsewhere, and took more than seventy blockhouses. Pressing the attack on the left ridge of Xiami, he captured the chieftain Galong Danping. Advancing further he took more than a hundred stockades including Xiami and captured the chieftain Taba Sijiao. Crossing the Yalu River, he broke Zhandui and burned its stockades. Its chief Jiang Cuotai perished in the fire. In year twelve the Greater Jinchuan chieftain Suoluoben attacked the Gebushenzha native ruler and raided Lumi, Zhanggu, and other districts under the Mingzheng native official. Governor Jishan moved Liangzhu to brigade deputy commander of Weimao and put him in charge of the defensive forces. Suoluoben joined Lesser Jinchuan's Zewang in an invasion of Wori's stockades; Battalion Commander Ma Guangzu went to relieve them, but the rebels came in strength and trapped Guangzu at Relong. Liangzhu galloped to the rescue with a light cavalry detachment, routed the rebels at Bana Mountain, and pushed on to take two hundred twenty-three stone palisades. Guangzu and the others sallied forth; the rebels broke and the siege was raised. Zewang submitted and restored the three Wori stockades he had taken. The throne praised his daring and promoted him to regional commander of Chongqing. Pressing on he retook Sunkezong stockade, attacked Jiangka, won battle after battle, took more than a hundred forts and stockades, and received the submission of more than twenty stockades. He took Danga Mountain, sent detachments to burn seven stockades including Salong, and Gagu and other stockades submitted in turn. The rebels held the great blockhouse at Shida; Liangzhu pushed forward through the rain in dozens of fights; when the rebels raided the camp by night he ambushed and destroyed them. Mabang chieftain Sicuo had submitted, but Regional Commander Xu Yinghu mistreated him until he rebelled again and besieged Yinghu at Dijiao; Liangzhu rode to relieve him. The rebels fell back into Rongbu stockade, which did not fall immediately. They soon struck Mabang again and surrounded Brigade Deputy Zhang Xing. Liangzhu asked to move the Rongbu column to the rescue; Governor-General Zhang Guangsi refused, and Zhang Xing fell into the rebels' hands. They invaded Gagu; the garrison mutinied to the rebels' side and seized seven karun outposts. Guangsi ordered Liangzhu to attack; despite hard fighting the rebels held their ground. Snow fell for more than twenty days; supplies ran out and they boiled armor and crossbow parts for food. When they could no longer hold, Guangsi ordered a withdrawal. In the hurried evacuation the rebels captured their cannon and arms.
18
Guangsi impeached him and ordered him brought to the capital in custody; Liangzhu explained that supplies were exhausted, and the emperor specially pardoned him. He was ordered to train the Imperial Guard in scaling-ladder tactics at Xiangshan, and the emperor came in person to observe. Liangzhu rose and demonstrated his skill with the whip, pleasing the emperor, who rewarded him with fine silk and an imperial purse. He was sent back to the Jinchuan army to be employed as brigade deputy, regimental colonel, or other rank as fit. He was soon made brigade deputy of Taining; when Grand Secretary Fu Heng took the field he ordered Liangzhu against Xiling, and Liangzhu took it. When Suoluoben sued for surrender, Liangzhu rode into his camp with barely a dozen men to proclaim the imperial will. He was appointed regional commander of Jianchang and awarded a peacock feather. He resigned to observe mourning for his mother. Summoned to the capital, he was again ordered to drill the Imperial Guard in scaling-ladder tactics. After mourning he was appointed regional commander of Songpan. When the Zagu chieftain Cangwang rebelled, he joined Provincial Commander Yue Zhongqi in suppressing the revolt. He soon sought retirement and had his register transferred to Huayang in Sichuan. He died at eighty-one.
19
Liangzhu had a broad brow, large eyes, and a curling beard; frontier people feared him and called him Lion Head. A fierce fighter, he carried one iron whip in battle and on horseback whirled it like a wheel. During the attack on Gagu, Guangsi provided no support and provisions also failed to arrive on time; the emperor knew Guangsi was jealous of Liangzhu's success and therefore deliberately lightened his punishment. His son Yingzhao served as brigade deputy commander of Hejian in Zhili. His grandson Yu has a separate biography.
20
Ben Jinzhong was from Xining in Gansu. On enlistment he had used the alias Zhang Yuanji and soon petitioned to restore his true name. Under Yongzheng he followed General Zhang Guangsi to relieve Turfan and was stationed at Lukchun. When the Dzungars invaded he intercepted them and took seven prisoners. He pursued and defeated them again at Halahezhuo. In Qianlong 13 (1748) he was dispatched to Jinchuan and fought at Nangde ridge. Storming a blockhouse he was first over the wall, seized a spear, was struck by a stone, and wounded. At Puzhan he threw fire bombs into the blockhouses, burned thirteen of them, and took a wooden fort. Pressing forward he fought at Leliga'ertike and killed rebels. Assaulting a blockhouse he was shot in the right thigh. His deeds were entered on the rolls and he was promoted to battalion commander of the Weimao right camp in Sichuan. Summoned to audience, he was rewarded with fine silk. When Cangwang of Zagu rebelled, Yue Zhongqi dispatched Jinzhong to suppress him; he took one bronze cannon, killed several dozen rebels, captured twenty-five alive, and received the submission of more than two thousand Chabao tribesmen. He entered Zagu from Jiaomujiao Ravine and captured Cangwang. He rose in turn to brigade deputy commander of Yongning.
21
In the thirtieth year of Qianlong (1765) he followed General Ming Rui against Burma, attacked Manjie, took sixteen wooden palisades, killed three rebels, was wounded in the forehead, and fought again the next day still bandaged. When the report reached court he received a peacock feather and the title Fashishan Batulu. He was promoted to regional commander of Linyuan in Yunnan. Ming Rui stationed him with five thousand men at Longling Pass for deployment as needed. Summoned to the Rehe traveling palace, he was granted audience, assigned to the Gate of Heavenly Purity, rewarded with sable and silver, and sent back to the army. He was soon moved to Pu'er as regional commander and promoted to provincial commander of Yunnan. He died; posthumously he was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous name Qinyi (Diligent and Resolute).
22
Liu Shun was from Shuntian. He took the military jinshi in Yongzheng 5 (1727) and was made an imperial guardsman with the blue arrow feather. He was posted to Shaanxi as a garrison commandant. He rose in turn to brigade deputy commander of Jinta. In Qianlong 13 he was ordered to Jinchuan with fifteen hundred men; with Brigade Deputy Gao Xiong he attacked Nangde from Jiasuo through the pine woods. When more than a hundred rebels sallied out he beat them back and destroyed their blockhouses. With the main army he advanced from Kasai's left ridge and the blockhouses fell in succession. Only the twin and single blockhouses at Puzhan held out with special stubbornness. At dusk, as the army was pulling back, Shun secretly led his men against the single blockhouse, fired it, routed the defenders, and seized the paired blockhouses as well. The main force followed up and took Sedi. West of Puzhan stood Mount Ali, its slopes thick with blockhouses. Shun attacked through the rain, took the ridge palisade, and stormed the blockhouses. He shelled the position, killed several dozen rebels, and took one great blockhouse and four stone palisades.
23
Commissioner-General Neqin repeatedly reported Shun's valor in battle. After Jinchuan was pacified he was promoted to regional commander of Weining in Guizhou. Because Shun was familiar with frontier conditions, the emperor transferred him to regional commander of Xining in Gansu. Summoned to audience, he received a peacock feather. He was promoted to provincial commander of Anxi. He fell ill and asked to retire. He died; posthumously he was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the posthumous name Zhuangjing (Stalwart and Tranquil).
24
The commentator writes: In the first Jinchuan campaign Panlong, Ju, and Daxiong all won fame for courage and strategy. Ju was the fiercest, the army's spearhead; Neqin and Zhang Guangsi drove the war hard, urging assaults on the strongest points, and so he died in service — a grievous loss! Liangzhu fought well, yet Zhang Guangsi's obstruction kept him from giving his full measure. Jinzhong and Shun fought through the hardest blockhouses; they stand just below men like Panlong.