Volume 312 Biographies 99: Fu Qing, La Bu Dun, Ban Di, E Rongan, Na Mu Zha Er, San Tai

列傳九十九

Biography 99

傅清拉布敦班第子巴祿鄂容安納穆札爾三泰

Fu Qing, Labdon, Bandi, E Rong'an, Namuzhar, and San Tai

傅清，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，李榮保次子，傅恆弟也。雍正間，授侍衛。乾隆初，累遷至直隸天津鎮總兵。康熙中定西藏，留兵鎮撫，以大臣駐藏辦事，為員二，嗣省其一。是時駐藏副都統索拜當代，命傅清以副都統往。十一年，疏言：「西藏處徼外，西北界準噶爾，北通青海，為四川西南外郛。自雍正十二年設塘汛，不特傳送官文書，且以聯絡聲氣。上年索拜以節費議撤汛，使藏人任郵遞，謂之番塘。未幾輒被盜。今準噶爾當入藏熬茶，番塘恐滋誤。請自打箭爐至藏復置塘汛，酌衝僻遠近，當得兵千人以內。」議如所請。

Fu Qing, of the Fuca clan, came from the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. He was Li Rongbao's second son and Fuheng's younger brother. In the Yongzheng era he received appointment as an imperial bodyguard. Early in the Qianlong reign he rose step by step to command the Tianjin garrison in Zhili. After Tibet was pacified in the Kangxi era, garrison troops remained to keep order and imperial ministers were posted to Lhasa. The office began as a two-man commission and was later cut to one. Suobai's term as the deputy commander in Tibet was ending, and the court ordered Fu Qing to replace him in that post. In the eleventh year he submitted a memorial: "Tibet stands beyond the frontier. It borders the Dzungars to the northwest, links with Qinghai to the north, and serves as Sichuan's outer defense to the southwest. Courier stations had been set up since Yongzheng 12 not merely to carry official dispatches but to keep communications open along the route. The year before, Suobai had proposed abolishing the stations to save money and entrusting the mail to Tibetans, a system called the fan tang. Before long the route was repeatedly plundered. With Dzungars soon due to enter Tibet for the tea pilgrimage, relying on the Tibetan courier route risks serious mishaps. I ask that stations be re-established from Dartsendo to Lhasa, with troop strength adjusted to each post's importance and distance; the total should come to no more than a thousand men." The memorial was approved as he had asked.

十二年，西藏郡王頗羅鼐卒。頗羅鼐愛其次子珠爾默特那木札勒，請以為嗣，遂襲爵為郡王。上諭傅清曰：「頗羅鼐更事多，黽勉事中國。珠爾默特那木札勒幼，傅清宜留意。如珠爾默特那木札勒思慮所未至，當為指示。」傅清疏言：「頗羅鼐在時，長子公珠爾默特策布登出駐阿里克夏，當令珠爾默特那木札勒帥師出駐騰格里諾爾、喀喇烏蘇諸處。今仍遣珠爾默特策布登駐阿里克夏，令別遣宰桑駐騰格里諾爾、喀喇烏蘇諸處。」又以準噶爾入藏熬茶，請增兵分路防護。上命與珠爾默特那木札勒商榷，毋涉張皇。十三年，命以提督拉布敦代，傅清還。复授天津鎮總兵，遷古北口、固原提督。珠爾默特那木札勒請撤留藏兵，上從之。旋以副都統紀山代拉布敦。

In the twelfth year Polhané, the Tibetan princely regent, died. Polhané had favored his second son Gyurmé Namgyal and asked that he succeed; Gyurmé Namgyal then inherited the princely title. The emperor wrote to Fu Qing: "Polhané was seasoned in affairs and served the dynasty with steady diligence. Gyurmé Namgyal is still young. Fu Qing should keep a close watch on him. Where his judgment falls short, you should guide him." Fu Qing replied in a memorial: "Under Polhané, the eldest son Gyurmé Tseten held Ali Khasha while Gyurmé Namgyal should have commanded troops at Tengri Nor, Kar Usu, and the other frontier posts. Gyurmé Tseten should remain at Ali Khasha, while other zasag officers should be sent to hold Tengri Nor, Kar Usu, and the like." He also requested additional troops posted along the routes to guard the Dzungar tea pilgrimage parties. The emperor told him to consult Gyurmé Namgyal and to avoid any show of alarm. In the thirteenth year Labdon was sent as provincial commander to relieve him, and Fu Qing returned home. He was again made commander of the Tianjin garrison, then promoted to provincial commander at Gubeikou and Guyuan. Gyurmé Namgyal asked that the garrison troops in Tibet be withdrawn, and the emperor agreed. Soon afterward Jishan replaced Labdon as deputy commander in Tibet.

十四年，紀山疏言珠爾默特那木札勒與達賴喇嘛有隙，請移達賴喇嘛置泰宁。上知珠爾默特那木札勒乖戾且為亂，命駐藏大臣復舊置二員，予傅清都統銜，自固原復往。紀山复疏謂珠爾默特那木札勒言其兄珠爾默特策布登將舉兵相攻，上命傅清途中诇虛實。傅清疏言：「珠爾默特策布登未嘗構兵，特珠爾默特那木札勒妄言，藉以奪其兄分地。臣至藏，即將珠爾默特那木札勒懲治。」是時上已遣侍郎拉布敦代紀山，因諭傅清，珠爾默特那木札勒乖戾且為亂，令熟計密奏。

In the fourteenth year Jishan reported a rift between Gyurmé Namgyal and the Dalai Lama and asked that the Dalai Lama be moved to Taining. Seeing that Gyurmé Namgyal was defiant and heading toward rebellion, the emperor restored the two-man commission in Tibet, gave Fu Qing commander-in-chief rank, and sent him back from Guyuan. Jishan also reported Gyurmé Namgyal's claim that his brother Gyurmé Tseten was about to attack him. The emperor told Fu Qing to verify the story on the road to Lhasa. Fu Qing replied: "Gyurmé Tseten has made no move to raise troops. Gyurmé Namgyal invented the story so he could seize his brother's lands. Once I reach Lhasa I will punish Gyurmé Namgyal at once." The emperor had already dispatched Vice Minister Labdon to replace Jishan. He told Fu Qing that Gyurmé Namgyal was treacherous and likely to rebel, and ordered him to plan carefully and report in confidence.

十五年，傅清與拉布敦先後至藏，珠爾默特那木札勒迫其兄珠爾默特策布登至死，遂逐其子，遣使通準噶爾，叛益有跡。上命副都統班第赴西藏，與傅清、拉布敦密謀取進止，仍詔傅清、拉布敦毋輕發，並密諭四川總督策楞勒兵為備。珠爾默特那木札勒謀愈急，絕塘汛，軍書不得達。傅清與拉布敦未得上詔，計以為：「珠爾默特那木札勒且叛，徒為所屠。亂既成，吾軍不得即進，是棄兩藏也。不如先發，雖亦死，亂乃易定。」

In the fifteenth year Fu Qing and Labdon arrived in Tibet one after another. Gyurmé Namgyal had hounded his brother Gyurmé Tseten to death, driven out the nephew, and opened contact with the Dzungars. Rebellion was now unmistakable. The emperor sent Deputy Commander Bandi to Tibet to confer secretly with Fu Qing and Labdon on how to proceed, while also warning them not to strike prematurely and privately ordering Sichuan Governor Celeng to ready his forces. Gyurmé Namgyal pressed his plot harder, severed the courier route, and blocked all military dispatches. Fu Qing and Labdon never received the edict. They concluded: "Gyurmé Namgyal is on the verge of rebellion. If we wait we will simply be butchered. Once the revolt breaks out our armies cannot reach Lhasa in time. That would mean abandoning Tibet altogether. Better to strike first. We may die as well, but the rebellion will be far easier to crush."

十月壬午，召珠爾默特那木札勒至通司岡駐藏大臣署，言有詔，使登樓，預去其梯，若將宣詔。珠爾默特那木札勒方拜跪，傅清自後揮刀斷其首。於是其黨羅卜藏札什始率眾圍樓數重，發槍砲，縱火，傅清中三創，度不免，自剄死。拉布敦死樓下。主事策塔爾、參將黃元龍皆自殺。通判常明中矢石死。從死者千總二、兵四十九、商民七十七。事聞，上軫悼，宣示始末，謂其「揆幾審勢，決計定謀，心苦而功大」。傅清追封一等伯，諡襄烈，旋命立祠通司岡。喪還，上臨奠。其子孫以一等子世襲，賜白金萬。

On the renwu day of the tenth month they summoned Gyurmé Namgyal to the ministers' compound at Tangsikang, announced an imperial edict, and had him climb to the upper floor after removing the ladder, as though they were about to read the decree. While Gyurmé Namgyal was kowtowing, Fu Qing struck from behind and cut off his head. His follower Lobsang Tashi then led rebels to ring the building, opened fire with muskets and cannon, and set it ablaze. Fu Qing took three wounds, knew he could not escape, and cut his own throat. Labdon died at the foot of the building. The secretary Cetar and Brigadier Huang Yuanlong also took their own lives. Subprefect Chang Ming was killed by arrows and stones. Two thousand-commanders, forty-nine soldiers, and seventy-seven merchants died with them. When word reached the throne the emperor mourned them and published the full story, praising them for "reading the moment, weighing the odds, settling on a plan, and fixing their resolve—hearts wrung with hardship, yet a great service done." Fu Qing was posthumously made a first-class baron with the temple name Xianglie, and a shrine was soon ordered at Tangsikang. When the coffin returned to the capital the emperor came in person to mourn. His descendants received a hereditary first-class viscounty, along with ten thousand taels of silver.

班第至藏，戮羅卜藏札什等，疏陳珠爾默特那木札勒自立名號，通款準噶爾，稱策旺多爾濟那木札勒為汗，請其發兵至拉達克為聲援。上复降詔褒傅清、拉布敦，建祠京師，命曰雙忠。子明仁，以侍衛襲子爵。從征金川，卒於軍。

Bandi reached Tibet and executed Lobsang Tashi and his followers. His memorial reported that Gyurmé Namgyal had proclaimed his own title, treated with the Dzungars, hailed Tsewang Dorji Namgyal as khan, and asked for Dzungar troops at Ladakh as backing. The emperor issued another edict honoring Fu Qing and Labdon, built a shrine in the capital, and named it the Shrine of Twin Loyalty. His son Mingren inherited the viscountcy while serving as an imperial bodyguard. He campaigned in Jinchuan and died on active service.

拉布敦，棟鄂氏，滿洲鑲紅旗人。其先對齊巴顏，於太祖時率所部來歸，語見阿蘭珠、朗格諸傳。父錫勒達事聖祖，自讚禮郎累遷吏部尚書。出署川陝總督，還京師。以鎮筸苗為亂，命偕副都統圖斯海、徐九如帥師討之，降三百一寨，剿十五寨。錫勒達與荊州副都統珠滿、湖廣提督俞益謨所戡定者，天星寨、龍椒洞、排六樑等三寨。亂定，與總督於成龍、巡撫趙申喬議立營汛，增設官吏為撫綏，復還京師。卒。

Labdon, of the Donggo clan, came from the Manchu Bordered Red Banner. An ancestor, Duichiba, submitted with his people in the time of Taizu; see the biographies of Alanzhu, Langge, and others. His father Xileda served the Kangxi emperor, rising from master of ceremonies to Minister of Personnel. He served as acting governor-general of Shaanxi and Sichuan, then returned to Beijing. When the Zhenqian Miao rose in revolt he was sent with Deputy Commanders Tushihai and Xu Jiuru to suppress them. Three hundred and one stockades surrendered and fifteen were taken by force. Xileda, together with Jingzhou Deputy Commander Zhuman and Huguang Provincial Commander Yu Yimo, pacified three stockades: Tianxing, Longjiaodong, and Pailiu Ridge. After the rebellion he worked with Governor Yu Chenglong and Commissioner Zhao Shenqiao to set up garrison posts and new officials for pacification, then returned to Beijing. He died.

拉布敦，其第六子也。生有力，能彎十力弓，左右射。工詩文，習外國語言。康熙間，襲叔祖勒爾圖三等阿達哈哈番世職。雍正朝，從傅爾丹討準噶爾，戰於和通呼爾哈諾爾；又從策淩討準噶爾，戰於額爾德尼昭：皆有所斬馘，授世管佐領。上命軍中舉驍勇之士，拉布敦與焉，賜孔雀翎。乾隆初，累遷正紅旗滿洲副都統。八年，复討準噶爾，授參贊大臣，出北路。九年，授定邊左副將軍。其冬，疏言：「厄魯特宰桑額勒慎等內牧布爾吉推河，烏梁海得木齊札木禪內牧布延圖河源。布爾吉推河在阿爾台山梁外，布延圖河源在阿爾台山梁內，距卡倫不遠，已闉坐卡侍衛等嚴防。」十年冬，疏言：「烏梁海得木齊烏爾巴齊等避雪，內牧黃加書魯克，距卡倫不遠。託爾和烏蘭、布延圖、哈瑪爾沙海諸卡倫外，皆有準噶爾人踪跡，仍闉坐卡侍衛等嚴防。」尋召還京師，授正白旗滿洲副都統。復出署古北口提督。

Labdon was his sixth son. He was born strong enough to draw a ten-strength bow and shoot equally well with either hand. He wrote poetry and prose well and studied foreign languages. In the Kangxi era he inherited his grand-uncle Le'ertu's hereditary third-rank adaha hafan office. Under Yongzheng he followed Furdan against the Dzungars and fought at Khorgos; he also campaigned under Celeng at Erdene Zuu. In both battles he took enemy heads and was made a hereditary company commander. When the emperor called for the bravest men in the army Labdon was chosen and received a peacock feather. Early in the Qianlong reign he rose to deputy commander of the Plain Red Banner Manchus. In the eighth year he campaigned again against the Dzungars as coordinating minister on the northern route. In the ninth year he was made Left Deputy General for the Pacification of the Frontier. That winter he reported: "The Oirat zasag Elesen and others are grazing inside at the Burjitu River, while the Uriankhai Demchi Zhamchen is grazing inside at the headwaters of the Buyantu. The Burjitu lies beyond the Altai ridge and the Buyantu headwaters within it, both close to our border posts. Guards at the posts have been ordered to watch them closely." The next winter he reported that the Uriankhai Demchi Urbaqi and others, fleeing snow, were grazing inside at Huangjiashuluke, again close to the border posts. Dzungar tracks had been seen beyond the posts at Torh Ulan, Buyantu, and Khamarshahai, and the guards were again ordered to keep strict watch." He was soon recalled to Beijing and made deputy commander of the Plain White Banner Manchus. He again served as acting provincial commander at Gubeikou.

十三年，駐藏副都統傅清當代，命拉布敦往。十四年，召還，以紀山代，授工部侍郎。未終歲，上徵紀山還，復命赴藏。十五年，授左都御史。尋與傅清謀誅珠爾默特那木札勒，其黨羅卜藏札什圍樓，拉布敦挾刃躍下樓，擊殺數十人，自剖其腹死。上聞，贈爵、賜金、立祠如傅清。命以拉布敦之族升隸正黃旗，諡壯果。子隆保，以侍衛襲子爵。誤班奪官，爵除。

In the thirteenth year Fu Qing's term as deputy commander in Tibet was ending, and Labdon was sent to replace him. In the fourteenth year he was recalled. Jishan took his place, and Labdon was appointed Vice Minister of Works. Before the year was out the emperor recalled Jishan and ordered Labdon back to Tibet. In the fifteenth year he was made Censor-in-Chief of the Left. He soon joined Fu Qing in the plot to kill Gyurmé Namgyal. When Lobsang Tashi's men surrounded the building, Labdon leaped down with his blade, cut down dozens of rebels, then opened his own belly and died. On hearing the news the emperor granted posthumous honors, bestowed gold, and ordered a shrine built as he had for Fu Qing. Labdon's clan was raised to the Bordered Yellow Banner and he received the posthumous name Zhuangguo. His son Longbao inherited the viscountcy while serving as an imperial bodyguard. He lost his post and title for a lapse in court attendance.

班第，博爾濟吉特氏，蒙古鑲黃旗人。康熙間，自官學生授內閣中書。五遷，雍正初至內閣學士。四川、雲南徼外與西藏定界，命偕副都統鄂齊如西藏宣諭。遷理籓院侍郎。坐事左遷，在內閣學士上行走。十一年，命在軍機處行走。乾隆三年，授兵部侍郎。外擢湖廣總督。剿鎮筸、永綏亂苗，兩閱月而畢，上嘉焉。五年，以憂還京師。六年，命仍在軍機處行走，授兵部尚書。

Bandi, of the Borjigit clan, came from the Mongol Bordered Yellow Banner. In the Kangxi era he left the Imperial Academy for appointment as a Grand Secretariat secretary. After five promotions he reached Grand Secretariat academician early in the Yongzheng reign. When borders beyond Sichuan and Yunnan were delimited with Tibet, he was sent with Deputy Commander Eqi to Lhasa to proclaim the settlement. He was promoted to Vice Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. After a demotion for misconduct he served as acting Grand Secretariat academician. In the eleventh year he was assigned to the Grand Council. In Qianlong 3 he was appointed Vice Minister of War. He was then appointed governor-general of Huguang. He put down the Miao revolts in Zhenqian and Yongshun within two months, and the emperor commended him. In the fifth year he returned to Beijing to observe mourning. In the sixth year he resumed service in the Grand Council and was appointed Minister of War.

十三年，師徵金川，授內大臣，出督軍餉，加太子少保。尋按四川巡撫紀山加徵累民狀，命即署巡撫。時訥親、張廣泗師久無功，上諮班第，但言廣泗罪狀，語不及訥親。上諭曰：「班第雖職餉，然為本兵軍機大臣，軍事及將弁功罪，皆職掌所在，不得以督餉，一切置不問。」左遷兵部侍郎。

In the thirteenth year, during the campaign against Jinchuan, he was made a Grand Minister of the Household, put in charge of army provisions, and granted the added rank of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Soon afterward he investigated Acting Sichuan Governor Jishan's report on burdensome extra levies and was ordered to serve at once as governor. Neqin and Zhang Guangsi had campaigned for months without success. When the emperor questioned Bandi, he cited only Zhang Guangsi's faults and said nothing about Neqin. The emperor replied: "Bandi may supervise provisions, but as Minister of War and Grand Councilor he is responsible for military operations and for the merit or blame of every officer. He cannot ignore those duties simply because he oversees supply lines." Bandi was demoted to Vice Minister of War.

十四年，予副都統銜赴青海辦事。西藏郡王珠爾默特那木札勒有叛跡，駐藏辦事大臣傅清、拉布敦疏聞。上移班第代拉布敦，未至，珠爾默特那木札勒謀益急，傅清、拉布敦召至廨，誅之。其徒卓呢、羅卜藏札什等遂叛，傅清、拉布敦死之。公班第達執卓呢、羅卜藏札什等，班第至，按訊，又得其黨德什奈等凡二十七人，悉誅之。上以藏酋授王爵名位過重，命班第達以公爵管格隆事，令班第宣諭。班第又疏陳珠爾默特那木札勒與準噶爾通書謀叛狀，上命誅珠爾默特那木札勒妻子。四川總督策楞等以師至，會議西藏善後諸事。西藏大定。十六年，授都統銜。十七年，還京師，仍在軍機處行走，授正紅旗漢軍都統。出署兩廣總督。

In the fourteenth year he received deputy commander rank and was dispatched to Qinghai on imperial business. Prince Gyurmé Namgyal of Tibet was showing signs of rebellion, and Resident Commissioners Fu Qing and Labdon reported it to the throne. The emperor sent Bandi to replace Labdon, but before he could arrive Gyurmé Namgyal's conspiracy grew bolder. Fu Qing and Labdon summoned him to their headquarters and executed him. His followers Zhuoni, Luobuzhangzhashi, and others rose in revolt, and Fu Qing and Labdon were killed. Regent Bandida had already seized Zhuoni, Luobuzhangzhashi, and the others. When Bandi arrived he conducted interrogations, identified twenty-seven accomplices including Deshenai, and put them all to death. The emperor decided that Tibetan rulers had been granted princes' titles and authority far too grand. He made Bandida duke with authority over Gelug affairs and sent Bandi to announce the change. Bandi also submitted a memorial describing Gyurmé Namgyal's letters to the Dzungars and his treasonous plotting, and the emperor ordered his wife and children put to death. Sichuan Governor Celeng arrived with reinforcements, and they met to settle the aftermath of the Tibetan crisis. Tibet was fully pacified. In the sixteenth year he was granted commander-in-chief rank. In the seventeenth year he returned to Beijing, resumed service in the Grand Council, and was made commander of the Plain Red Banner Han Army. He was assigned as acting governor-general of Liangguang.

十九年，師徵準噶爾，复授兵部尚書，署定邊左副將軍，出北路。準噶爾內亂，輝特台吉阿睦爾撒納來降。詔以明歲進兵，諭班第籌畫。班第以軍中駝馬牛羊宜牧地，得扎布堪、呢圭諸處，冬令暖，富水草，令喀爾喀親王額琳沁多爾濟等往督牧。遣兵擒烏梁海宰桑東根、赤倫等，收其眾數千戶。復令參贊大臣薩喇爾將兵擒準噶爾宰桑庫克新瑪木特、通瑪木特，收其眾，得牲畜無算。上獎班第奮勇果斷，予子爵，世授正黃旗領侍衛內大臣，賜白金千。十二月，授定北將軍，召來京示方略。

In the nineteenth year, when troops marched against the Dzungars, he was reappointed Minister of War, made acting Left Deputy Commander for Pacification of the Frontier, and took the northern route. Internal strife broke out among the Dzungars, and the Khoit taiji Amursana surrendered. An edict called for a campaign the following year and ordered Bandi to lay the plans. Bandi identified winter pasture at Zhabukan, Nigui, and other sites—warm, well-watered, and rich in forage—for the army's camels, cattle, and sheep, and sent Khalkha Prince Erlinchin Dorji to supervise grazing there. He sent troops who captured the Uriankhai zaisangs Donggen and Chilun and brought in several thousand of their households. He also ordered Grand Commissioner Saral to seize the Dzungar zaisangs Kuxin Mamut and Tong Mamut, take in their followers, and capture untold numbers of livestock. The emperor commended Bandi's bold decisiveness, made him a viscount, appointed him hereditary chief of the Plain Yellow Banner grand ministers of the household, and granted him a thousand taels of silver. In the twelfth month he was named Northern Pacification General, summoned to Beijing, and briefed on the overall strategy.

二十年正月，大舉討準噶爾，班第出北路，阿睦爾撒納授定邊左副將軍為副；永常以定西將軍出西路，薩喇爾授定邊右副將軍為副。班第與阿睦爾撒納等議以二月出師。阿睦爾撒納將六千人先行，班第將二千人繼其後。班第至齊齊克淖爾，以馬不給，令千五百人先，留五百人待馬再進。至喇托輝，與阿睦爾撒納軍合。上以阿睦爾撒納為準噶爾人所知，令其前行易招撫，戒班第仍令阿睦爾撒納先行毋合軍。班第至額爾得里克，復令阿睦爾撒納先行。四月，師至博羅塔拉，得達瓦齊所遣徵兵使者，知伊犁無備。班第謀約西路軍銳進。五月，遂克伊犁。達瓦齊以萬人保格登山，侍衛阿玉錫以二十餘騎擊之，驚走。上獎班第功，封一等誠勇公，賜寶石頂、四團龍補服、金黃絛朝珠。班第以伊犁厄魯特生計甚艱，不足供大兵，六月，疏請留察哈爾兵三百、喀爾喀兵二百移駐伊犁河北尼楚袞治事。諸軍次第遣還。是月，獲達瓦齊，獻俘京師。

In the first month of the twentieth year the court launched a major campaign against the Dzungars. Bandi marched by the northern route with Amursana, now Left Deputy Commander for Pacification of the Frontier, as his second-in-command; Yongchang took the western route as Western Pacification General, with Saral as Right Deputy Commander for Pacification of the Frontier. Bandi, Amursana, and the other commanders agreed to march in the second month. Amursana moved first with six thousand men; Bandi followed with two thousand. At Qiqi Ke Nuo'er Bandi found too few horses, so he sent fifteen hundred men ahead and held five hundred back until mounts could be found. At Latohui he united with Amursana's force. Because Amursana was known among the Dzungars and could win surrenders more easily by going ahead, the emperor told Bandi to keep him in the vanguard and not merge the columns. At E'erdélik Bandi once again sent Amursana on ahead. In the fourth month the army reached Bole Tala, captured a recruiting envoy sent by Dawachi, and learned that Ili lay undefended. Bandi proposed a rapid joint advance with the western-route army. In the fifth month they captured Ili. Dawachi defended Gedeng Mountain with ten thousand men until Bodyguard Ayuxi charged him with barely twenty horsemen and put his force to flight. The emperor rewarded Bandi's achievement by making him Duke of Sincere Courage of the first rank and granting him a jeweled finial, a four-claw dragon surcoat, and a golden-yellow court necklace. Bandi reported that the Olot of Ili were too poor to sustain a large garrison. In the sixth month he asked to leave three hundred Chahar and two hundred Khalkha troops at Niqhgun on the north bank of the Ili River to administer the region. The main forces were withdrawn in stages. That same month Dawachi was captured and sent to Beijing as a prisoner.

軍初出，上察阿睦爾撒納有異志，令班第嚴約束。及伊犁既定，上令和碩特四部部置汗，將以阿睦爾撒納為輝特汗。阿睦爾撒納覬總統四部，意不慊，置副將軍印不用，用故準噶爾台吉噶爾丹策淩菊形小印檄諸部，諱其降，言以中國兵定亂，叛跡漸著。上召阿睦爾撒納，以九月至熱河行在，行飲至禮，與他部汗同受封。參贊大臣色布騰巴爾珠爾率遣還諸軍以歸。阿睦爾撒納乞代奏，冀總統四部，期七月俟命。色布騰巴爾珠爾歸，不敢聞。以班第趣阿睦爾撒納詣熱河，令參贊大臣額林沁多爾濟與俱。阿睦爾撒納怏怏就道，而上念阿睦爾撒納終且叛，諭班第宜乘其未發討之，毋濡忍貽後患。諭至，阿睦爾撒納已行。上又命鄂容安等擒治。

Early in the campaign the emperor sensed Amursana's disloyalty and told Bandi to keep him under strict control. After Ili was secured the emperor planned to name khans for each of the four Khošut divisions, with Amursana to become khan of the Khoit. Amursana wanted command over all four divisions and would not be appeased. He ignored the deputy commander's seal and used Galdan Tsering's old chrysanthemum-shaped seal to issue orders to the tribes, hiding the fact of his surrender and claiming that Chinese troops had merely restored order. His rebellion soon showed itself plainly. The emperor summoned Amursana to Rehe, where in the ninth month he attended a celebratory libation and received his title alongside the other tribal khans. Grand Commissioner Sebuteng Barzhur marched home with the troops being withdrawn. Amursana asked Sebuteng Barzhur to submit a memorial for him, hoping to win overall command of the four divisions, and said he would wait for an answer until the seventh month. When Sebuteng Barzhur returned he did not dare tell the court. Bandi was pressing Amursana to go to Rehe, and the emperor ordered Grand Commissioner Erlinchin Dorji to escort him. Amursana set out reluctantly, but the emperor already suspected he would rebel and told Bandi to move against him before he could act, rather than indulging him and inviting later disaster. The order reached Bandi after Amursana had already departed. The emperor then ordered E Rong'an and others to arrest him.

八月，阿睦爾撒納行至烏隴古，解副將軍印還額林沁多爾濟，走額爾齊斯，遂叛。伊犁道梗。阿睦爾撒納之黨克什木、巴朗、敦克多曼集、烏克圖等作亂，班第與鄂容安以五百人拒戰，自固勒札赴空格斯，轉戰至烏蘭庫圖勒，賊大至，圍合。班第拔劍自剄，鄂容安同殉。上初聞班第等陷賊，令參贊大臣策楞自巴里坤間使傳諭毋以身殉。策楞聞訛傳班第等自賊中出，以聞，上解所佩荷包為賜。既聞班第等死事狀，降詔謂：「班第、鄂容安見危授命，固為可憫；然於事無補，非傅清、拉布敦為國除兇者比。」二十一年，師复定伊犁。喪還，上親臨奠，並令執克什木、巴朗等，馘耳以祭。又以薩喇爾同陷賊不能死，令監往旁視。尋以班第義烈，仍如傅清、拉布敦故事，京師建祠，亦曰雙忠。旋復命圖形紫光閣。

In the eighth month Amursana reached Wulonggu, handed back the deputy commander's seal to Erlinchin Dorji, fled toward the Irtysh, and rebelled. Communications with Ili were cut off. Amursana's followers Keshimu, Balang, Dun Kemanchi, Ukhtu, and others rose in revolt. Bandi and E Rong'an fought with five hundred men from Gulezha through Kongsi to Wulan Kutu'le until the rebels surrounded them in overwhelming numbers. Bandi fell on his sword, and E Rong'an died at his side. When first word came that Bandi was trapped, the emperor sent Grand Commissioner Celeng to dispatch a secret courier from Barkul telling him not to throw his life away. Celeng then heard a false rumor that Bandi had escaped and reported it to the throne. The emperor sent him the purse from his own belt in reward. When the true account of their deaths arrived, the emperor issued an edict: "Bandi and E Rong'an faced danger and gave their lives, which is indeed moving; yet their deaths served no strategic purpose and cannot be compared with Fu Qing and Labdon, who cut down the state's enemy at the cost of their lives." In the twenty-first year the army reconquered Ili. When the bodies were brought home the emperor personally attended the funeral rites and ordered Keshimu, Balang, and the others captured so their severed ears could be offered in sacrifice. Saral had been trapped with the rebels but failed to die with honor, so he was forced to watch the execution under guard. Soon afterward, honoring Bandi's loyal sacrifice after the precedent of Fu Qing and Labdon, the court built a Beijing shrine likewise named Shrine of Double Loyalty. He was later also honored with a portrait in the Hall of Purple Glaze.

子巴祿，初以察哈爾總管從軍，襲一等誠勇公，授鑲紅旗蒙古都統，從定伊犁。師討霍集占，授參贊大臣，授將軍兆惠有功，命駐軍和闐。戰伊西洱庫爾淖爾，屢敗霍集占。師還，加雲騎尉世職，圖形紫光閣，為後五十功臣首。出為涼州、綏遠城將軍、察哈爾都統。卒。

His son Balu had first gone to war as Chahar commandant. He inherited the dukedom of Sincere Courage of the first rank, became Mongol commander of the Bordered Red Banner, and joined the reconquest of Ili. During the campaign against Khoja Jahan he served as Grand Commissioner. For meritorious service under General Zhaohui he was posted at Hotan. At Lake Yisihu Ku'er he defeated Khoja Jahan again and again. After the campaign he received a hereditary Cloud Cavalry Captaincy, was honored with a portrait in the Hall of Purple Glaze, and ranked first among the later fifty distinguished ministers. He was later appointed general of Liangzhou and Suiyuan and commander-in-chief of the Chahar. He died.

鄂容安，字休如，西林覺羅氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人，大學士鄂爾泰長子。雍正十一年進士，改庶吉士。世宗命充軍機處章京。乾隆元年，授編修，南書房行走。再遷，五年，授詹事府詹事。鄂爾泰承旨固辭，上曰：「鄂容安與張廷玉子若靄，皇考命在軍機處行走，本欲造就成材。朕茲擢用，鄂爾泰毋以己意辭。」是時直軍機處大臣與章京皆曰行走，無異辭也。尋又命上書房行走。七年，以與聞左副都御史仲永檀密奏留中事，奪職，語在永檀傳。八年，命仍在上書房行走，授國子監祭酒。十年，襲三等伯爵，後五年加號襄勤。十二年，授兵部侍郎。

E Rong'an, whose courtesy name was Xiuru, came from the Xilin Gioro clan of the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner and was Grand Secretary Ortai's eldest son. He passed the jinshi examination in Yongzheng 11 and entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor. The Yongzheng Emperor appointed him a clerk in the Grand Council. In Qianlong 1 he became a Hanlin compiler and served in the Southern Studio. After further promotions he became Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent's Household in the fifth year. Ortai tried to decline the appointment, but the emperor said: "Your late father placed E Rong'an in the Grand Council along with Zhang Tingyu's son Ruohai precisely to train them into capable officials. I am promoting him now, and Ortai must not refuse out of personal reluctance." At that time both Grand Council ministers and clerks alike were described as "serving" there, without distinction in wording. He was soon also assigned to the Upper Study. In the seventh year he lost his post for knowing about Left Vice Censor Zhong Yongtan's secret withheld memorial; the episode is told in Yongtan's biography. In the eighth year he returned to the Upper Study and was named Chancellor of the Imperial Academy. In the tenth year he inherited a third-rank earldom, and five years later received the added honorific Xiangqin. In the twelfth year he became Vice Minister of War.

十三年，出為河南巡撫，賜孔雀翎。河南境伏牛山界陝西、湖北二省，袤延八百餘裡，鄂容安行部入山親勘。又以界上諸關通大道，易藏奸宄，飭行保甲，入奏，上嘉焉。衛輝參將阮玉堂督操，鞭所部兵，兵譁。鄂容安疏請先治譁兵罪，然後罷玉堂，毋令兵驕，亦當上指。鄂容安又令糴補諸府、州、縣常平倉榖都二十九萬石有奇，浚治開封、歸德、陳州三府幹枝諸水，以慎蓄洩、廣灌溉。上獎其留心本務。

In the thirteenth year he was appointed governor of Henan and given a peacock feather. The Funiu Mountains in Henan border Shaanxi and Hubei and stretch more than eight hundred li; E Rong'an toured the region in person to inspect them. He also found that border passes opened onto major roads and offered cover to criminals, so he tightened the baojia system and memorialized the court. The emperor approved. Weihui Deputy Commander Ruan Yutang whipped his men during drill, and the troops mutinied. E Rong'an memorialized that the mutineers should be punished first and only then Yutang removed, lest the troops grow arrogant—a point that pleased the emperor. E Rong'an also ordered grain purchases to refill county granaries by nearly 290,000 shi and dredged the river systems of Kaifeng, Guide, and Chenzhou to improve flood control and irrigation. The emperor commended his attention to core administrative work.

十五年，上巡幸河南，鄂容安疏言河南士民樂輸銀五十八萬七千有奇，上曰：「朕巡幸方岳，從不以絲毫累民，曾何藉於輸將？且省方問俗，勤恤民隱，尚慮助之弗週，豈容供用轉資於下？鄂容安此奏失政體。其以輸銀還之士民。」鄂容安疏請罪，又言：「士民輸銀出本原，還之恐不免胥吏中飽，仍請允其奏。」上意終不懌。還幸保定，鄂容安入見，不引謝，上詰責，令痛自改悔，不得有絲毫糜費粉飾，為補過之地。

In the fifteenth year, during the imperial tour of Henan, E Rong'an reported that local gentry and commoners had willingly contributed more than 587,000 taels of silver. The emperor replied: "When I tour the provinces I never impose the slightest burden on the people. Why would I want their money? I come to observe local conditions and relieve private hardship, and I still worry that aid may fall short. How could I accept supplies financed by the people? E Rong'an's memorial was a breach of proper governance. Return every tael to the people who gave it." E Rong'an asked to be punished and argued: "The people gave from their own means, and returning the silver would only let clerks skim it off. He still asked the emperor to accept the contribution." The emperor remained displeased. On the return journey at Baoding, E Rong'an was summoned but offered no apology. The emperor rebuked him and ordered a sincere change of heart, forbidding any further waste or showy gestures as a way to make amends.

十六年，移山東巡撫。濟南被水，米貴。鄂容安請用乾隆十三年例，暫弛海禁，招商往奉天糴運。旋與東河總督顧琮規塞張秋掛劍台河決，培築運河堤，自台兒莊至德州千有餘裡，循堤建堡房。塞太行堤涵洞，以紓寧陽等縣水患。十七年，疏陳山東州縣吏交代庫銀倉榖多有虧缺，下各府考覈。又移江西巡撫。

In the sixteenth year he was transferred to governor of Shandong. Jinan was flooded, and the price of rice soared. E Rong'an asked to follow the Qianlong 13 precedent by temporarily lifting the maritime ban and inviting merchants to sail to Fengtian to buy grain and ship it back. He then worked with Grand Canal Governor Gu Cong to close the breach at Zhangqiu Guajiantai, raise the canal dikes from Taierzhuang to Dezhou for more than a thousand li, and build fort-houses at intervals along the embankment. He sealed culverts in the Taihang dikes to ease flooding in Ningyang and neighboring counties. In the seventeenth year he reported widespread shortages in county treasuries and granaries at official handovers across Shandong, and the court ordered each prefecture to investigate. He was then transferred to governor of Jiangxi.

十八年，授兩江總督。十九年，疏言：「江南地廣事繁，胥役弊滋甚。淮安等府藉賑為弊，蘇州等府藉漕為弊，徐州府藉應徭為弊，當嚴覈懲治。令各屬胥吏遵經制原額，禁偽冒及額外無名白役。」是年考績，加太子少傅。

In the eighteenth year he became Governor-General of Liangjiang. In the nineteenth year he memorialized: "Jiangnan is vast and its affairs are complex, and the abuses of clerks and runners have grown severe. Huai'an and other prefectures exploit famine relief, Suzhou and others exploit the grain transport system, and Xuzhou exploits corvée duty—all should be rigorously investigated and punished. He ordered all subordinate clerks and runners to keep to the original statutory quotas and banned impersonation and unauthorized personal retainers." That year, in his performance review, he received the additional title Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince.

上將用兵準噶爾取達瓦齊，以鄂容安年力方盛，勇壯曉暢，召授參贊大臣。二十年，永常以定西將軍出西路，薩喇爾以定邊右副將軍為副，鄂容安實從。諭曰：「漢西域塞外地甚廣，唐初都護開府擴地及西北，今遺阯久湮。鄂容安在軍，凡準噶爾所屬及回部諸地，有與漢、唐史傳相合可援據者，並漢、唐所未至處，當一一諮詢記載。」旋偕薩喇爾入告，途中撫降諸部落，並檄諭達瓦齊，賚荷包、鼻煙壺。

As the emperor prepared to campaign against the Dzungars and capture Dawachi, he summoned E Rong'an—still in his prime, brave, capable, and well versed in affairs—and appointed him Grand Commissioner. In the twentieth year Yongchang marched out on the western route as Dingxi General with Saral as Right Deputy Commander of the Frontier, and E Rong'an went with them. An imperial instruction read: "Beyond the Han Western Regions the outlying lands are vast. In early Tang the protectorate offices opened frontier posts and pushed deep into the northwest, but those sites have long vanished. While E Rong'an is with the army, in every Dzungar and Muslim territory he should inquire and record each place that matches Han and Tang historical accounts, as well as every region Han and Tang never reached." He soon returned with Saral to report to the throne, accepting the surrender of tribes along the route and sending Dawachi a proclamation with gifts of a purse and a snuff bottle.

及師定伊犁，值胡中藻以賦詩誹上誅。中藻為鄂爾泰門生，鄂爾泰從子鄂昌與唱和，連坐。上責鄂容安不為陳奏，行賞獨不及。命與班第駐守伊犁。

When the army secured Ili, Hu Zhongzao was executed for composing poems that slandered the emperor. Zhongzao had been Ortai's student, and Ortai's nephew E Chang, who exchanged poems with him, was implicated as well. The emperor rebuked E Rong'an for failing to report the matter, and when rewards were handed out he alone received nothing. He was ordered to garrison Ili together with Bandi.

阿睦爾撒納叛跡漸著，鄂容安入告。上令與薩喇爾率師至塔爾巴哈台相機捕治。阿睦爾撒納入覲，中途遂叛，伊犁諸宰桑應之。鄂容安與班第力戰不支，相顧曰：「今日徒死，於事無濟，負上付託矣！」班第自剄。鄂容安腕弱不能下，命其僕剚刃於腹，乃死。故事，大臣予諡者，內閣擬二諡請上裁，以翰林起家者例諡「文」，至是擬「文剛」、「文烈」，上抹二「文」字，諡剛烈。圖形紫光閣，上親為贊，有曰：「用違其才，實予之失。」蓋重惜之也。以次子鄂津襲爵，官至伊犁領隊大臣，坐事奪官；以鄂容安長子鄂岳襲爵。

As Amursana's rebellion became increasingly plain, E Rong'an reported it to the court. The emperor ordered him and Saral to lead troops to Tarbagatai and seize Amursana when the moment was right. Amursana set out for an imperial audience but rebelled on the way, and the zaisangs of Ili rallied to him. E Rong'an and Bandi fought until they could hold no longer, then looked at each other and said: "To die here for nothing would serve no purpose and betray the trust the emperor placed in us!" Bandi then cut his own throat. E Rong'an's wrist was too weak to complete the stroke, so he ordered his servant to drive the blade into his belly, and died. By custom the Grand Secretariat proposed two posthumous titles for ministerial honors, and Hanlin graduates were usually given Wen (Cultured). Here the secretariat proposed Wengang and Wenlie, but the emperor struck out both Wen characters and granted the posthumous name Ganglie (Firm and Ardent). His portrait was placed in the Hall of Purple Glaze, and the emperor himself wrote the laudatory inscription, saying: "To use him against his talents was truly my own mistake." Such was the depth of the emperor's regard for him. His second son E Jin inherited the title and rose to Colonel Commandant of Ili before losing his post for an offense; E Rong'an's eldest son E Yue then inherited the title.

納穆札爾，圖伯特氏，蒙古正白旗人，都統拉錫子。納穆札爾自閒散授藍翎侍衛。累遷工部侍郎、鑲藍旗滿洲副都統。乾隆十五年，西藏珠爾默特那木札勒之亂既定，命偕班第駐西藏。議增設噶卜倫，皆予扎薩克銜。自喀喇烏蘇至庫車增台八，設兵。準噶爾通藏，凡阿里、那克桑、騰格里淖爾、阿哈雅克四路，各於隘口設卡倫。又有勒底雅路，為準噶爾犯藏時間道，亦駐兵防守。迭疏陳請，皆如議行。

Namuzhar, of the Tübet clan, came from the Mongol Plain White Banner and was the son of Commander-in-Chief Laxi. Namuzhar entered service as a Blue Feather Bodyguard from the unattached ranks. He rose in succession to Vice Minister of Works and Manchu Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Bordered Blue Banner. In Qianlong 15, after Gyurmé Namgyal's rebellion in Tibet was put down, he was ordered to garrison Tibet with Bandi. They proposed adding gablon offices, each to be granted a zasak title. Eight new stations were established from Karakul to Kucha and garrisoned with troops. Along the four Dzungar routes to Tibet—through Ali, Nak-sang, Tengri Nor, and Akhayaq—checkposts were placed at every pass. There was also the Lendiya route, a secret path the Dzungars used when invading Tibet; troops were posted there as well. He submitted proposal after proposal, and all were approved and implemented.

十九年，杜爾伯特諸部來降，命赴北路料理游牧。偕喀爾喀親王得親扎布規畫安置輝特、和碩特十三旗於固爾班舒魯克，杜爾伯特十旗於鄂爾海西喇烏蘇，分界駐牧，設卡倫防範。納穆札爾撫降人頗至，當夏，慮赴京領餉不耐炎暑，請遣使轉餉至張家口散給；及秋，杜爾伯特諸旗遇霜雪損畜，入告，予米五百石賑撫。輝特、和碩特諸旗生計絀，奏濟以糧畜。

In the nineteenth year, when the Dorbed tribes surrendered, he was sent to the northern route to manage their pastoral settlement. With Khalkha Prince Dedinzhab he planned to settle the thirteen Khoit and Khošut banners at Gurban Shürlük and the ten Dorbed banners at West Karakus on Lake Er, assign grazing boundaries, and establish checkposts for security. Namuzhar cared for the surrendered people with great attentiveness. In summer, fearing they could not endure the heat on the journey to Beijing to collect rations, he asked that supplies be forwarded to Zhangjiakou for local distribution; In autumn, when frost and snow destroyed livestock among the Dorbed banners, he reported the disaster and the court granted five hundred shi of rice for relief. When the Khoit and Khošut banners fell short in livelihood, he memorialized for relief in grain and livestock.

阿睦爾撒納叛，命駐烏里雅蘇台。旋移戶部侍郎。二十一年，和托輝特台吉青滾雜卜亦叛，納穆札爾慮喀爾喀諸部為所動，傳檄諭以利害。上嘉之，授參贊大臣，從將軍成袞扎布率索倫兵追捕青滾雜卜。十一月，師至杭哈獎噶斯，已近俄羅斯境，捕得青滾雜卜，檻送京師。上獎納穆札爾勇往，封一等伯，世襲，號曰勤襄。二十二年，授工部尚書、正紅旗滿洲都統，命駐科布多。旋又命移駐布延圖。十月，署定邊左副將軍。二十三年，議烏梁海降人酋曰察達克所屬鄂拓克置得木齊、收楞額，治庶事。請以得木齊改佐領，收楞額改驍騎校，歲貢貂皮送烏里雅蘇台，賚以緞布。疏入，如所議。

When Amursana rebelled, he was ordered to garrison Uliastai. He was soon transferred to Vice Minister of Revenue. In the twenty-first year, when the Khotgoid taiji Chingünjab rebelled as well, Namuzhar feared the Khalkha tribes might be swayed and issued proclamations setting out the stakes. The emperor praised his conduct and appointed him Grand Commissioner to follow General Chenggüi Jab in leading Solon troops to pursue Chingünjab. In the eleventh month the army reached Hangha Jiangasi near the Russian border, captured Chingünjab, and sent him to Beijing in a caged cart. The emperor rewarded Namuzhar's bold advance by enfeoffing him as a hereditary first-rank baron with the title Qinxiang (Diligent Aid). In the twenty-second year he became Minister of Works and Manchu Commander-in-Chief of the Plain Red Banner and was posted at Kobdo. He was soon ordered to move his garrison to Buyant. In the tenth month he served as acting Left Deputy Commander of the Frontier. In the twenty-third year it was proposed that Demuqi and Shoulenge be placed in charge of routine affairs for the otok of Chadaq, chief of the surrendered Uriankhai. He asked that Demuqi be made an assistant banner captain and Shoulenge a brave cavalry captain, with sable pelts sent yearly as tribute to Uliastai and rewarded with satin and cloth. The memorial was approved as proposed.

師討霍集占，复授參贊大臣，出西路。尋授靖逆將軍，會雅爾哈善攻庫車。及兆惠代雅爾哈善，將師自阿克蘇進逼葉爾羌，至喀喇烏蘇，為霍集占所圍。納穆札爾及參贊大臣三泰先奉命帥師濟兆惠軍，兆惠遣副都統愛隆阿、侍衛奎瑪岱來迎。納穆札爾道遣愛隆阿先還，而與三泰、奎瑪岱將二百騎夜進，遇賊三千餘，圍數重，力戰矢盡，遂沒於陣。上聞，追封三等義烈公，諡武毅。祀昭忠祠。回部平，圖形紫光閣。

During the campaign against Khoja Jahan he was again appointed Grand Commissioner and marched out on the western route. He was soon named Pacification General and joined Yarhasan in the attack on Kucha. When Zhaohui replaced Yarhasan and led the army from Aksu toward Yarkand, Khoja Jahan surrounded him at Karakul. Namuzhar and Grand Commissioner San Tai had already been ordered to lead a relief force to Zhaohui, and Zhaohui sent Deputy Commander-in-Chief Ailong'a and Bodyguard Kuimadai to meet them. Namuzhar sent Ailong'a back ahead, then pressed forward by night with San Tai and Kuimadai at the head of two hundred horsemen. They met more than three thousand rebels in rings of encirclement, fought until their arrows were spent, and fell on the field. When word reached the emperor, he posthumously enfeoffed Namuzhar as Duke of Righteous Martyrdom of the third rank with the posthumous name Wuyi (Martial and Resolute). He was enshrined in the Shrine of Loyal Martyrs. After the Muslim regions were pacified, his portrait was placed in the Hall of Purple Glaze.

子保寧，自有傳。保泰，自拜唐阿累遷察哈爾都統，與雅滿泰同為駐藏大臣，廓爾喀侵藏，保泰坐請達賴喇嘛、班禪額爾德尼避兵，又匿廓爾喀未構兵前表貢方物，及遣使有所請不以入奏，上改其名曰俘習渾，與雅滿泰同奪職荷校，先後予杖者四。藏事定，戍俘習渾黑龍江。赦還。雅滿泰复授侍衛。

His son Baoning has a separate biography. Baotai rose from battalion commander to Chahar commander-in-chief and served as Tibet commissioner alongside Yamantai. When Gorkha invaded Tibet, Baotai was punished for urging the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni to flee and for concealing tribute sent before hostilities and requests brought by envoys without reporting them to the throne. The emperor changed his name to Fuxihun; he and Yamantai were stripped of office, made to wear the cangue, and Baotai was flogged four times in all. When the Tibet crisis was settled, Fuxihun was exiled to Heilongjiang. He was later pardoned and allowed to return. Yamantai was again appointed a bodyguard.

三泰，石氏，漢軍正白旗人，都統石文炳孫也。父觀音保，官至都統。三泰，自藍翎侍衛累遷正紅旗漢軍副都統、吏部侍郎。乾隆二十三年，命軍機處行走，調戶部侍郎。命以參贊大臣行走從納穆札爾出西路。七月，命納穆札爾、三泰率健銳營及索倫、察哈爾兵應兆惠。夜進，期以黎明至兆惠軍。遇賊，眾寡勢不敵，力戰，三泰墜馬，徒步擊賊，中創死。三等侍衛彰武、藍翎侍衛班泰、管站四品花翎西拉布、護軍校委署章京齊旺扎布及兆惠所遣迎師三等侍衛奎瑪岱，皆死。上聞，追封三等子，諡果勇。

San Tai, of the Shi clan, was a Han Chinese Bannerman of the Plain White Banner and the grandson of Commander-in-Chief Shi Wenbing. His father Guanyinbao rose to commander-in-chief. San Tai rose from Blue Feather Bodyguard to Han Chinese Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Plain Red Banner and Vice Minister of Personnel. In Qianlong 23 he was assigned to the Grand Council and transferred to Vice Minister of Revenue. He was appointed Grand Commissioner and sent to follow Namuzhar on the western route. In the seventh month Namuzhar and San Tai were ordered to lead Elite Vanguard, Solon, and Chahar troops to relieve Zhaohui. They marched through the night, expecting to reach Zhaohui's camp at daybreak. They met the enemy, were badly outnumbered, and fought hard. San Tai was thrown from his horse, continued on foot to strike the rebels, was wounded, and died. Third-rank Bodyguard Zhangwu, Blue Feather Bodyguard Bantai, fourth-rank station officer Xilabu with the peacock feather, Guard Corps officer and acting clerk Qi Wangjab, and Kuimadai, the third-rank bodyguard Zhaohui had sent to meet them—all died. When word reached the emperor, he posthumously enfeoffed San Tai as a third-rank viscount with the posthumous name Guoyong (Firm in Courage).

石廷柱之裔，本以散秩大臣世襲，至是，別授其兄祥泰散秩大臣。回部平，圖形紫光閣。上追悼納穆札爾、三泰死事，為賦雙義詩，以傅清、拉布敦殉西藏，班第、鄂容安死伊犁相擬。謂「此六人者，事異心同，皆與國休戚之藎臣也」。子佛柱，襲子爵、散秩大臣，官阿克蘇領隊大臣。

As a descendant of Shi Tingzhu, the family had held the hereditary office of Privy Councillor without specific rank; now that title was separately granted to his elder brother Xiangtai. After the Muslim regions were pacified, his portrait was placed in the Hall of Purple Glaze. The emperor mourned the deaths of Namuzhar and San Tai in service and composed a poem on dual loyalty, comparing them with Fu Qing and Labdon, who died for Tibet, and Bandi and E Rong'an, who died at Ili. He wrote: "These six men faced different trials but shared one heart—all were loyal ministers who rose and fell with the fortunes of the state." His son Fozhu inherited the viscountcy and the office of Privy Councillor without specific rank and served as Colonel Commandant of Aksu.

論曰：高宗朝徼外諸叛，霍集占最桀驁耐戰，方其困兆惠保葉爾羌，非師武臣力，幾不能克。阿睦爾撒納既叛，師未接，輒遠竄，非霍集占比也。珠爾默特那木札爾欲背中國，乃汗準噶爾，尤愚妄，殆不足數。六臣所遇異，故其效亦殊。大誅既加，罪人斯得，咸廩廩稱義烈矣。

The commentator says: Among the frontier rebellions of the Gaozong reign, Khoja Jahan was the fiercest and most stubborn in battle. When he trapped Zhaohui at Yarkand, the campaign would barely have succeeded but for the martial strength of the ministers. Once Amursana rebelled he fled far away without even meeting the army—he cannot be compared with Khoja Jahan. Gyurmé Namgyal, who sought to betray China though he was only khan of the Dzungars, was especially foolish and deluded—hardly worth mentioning among them. The six ministers faced different circumstances, and so their achievements differed as well. Once the great punishments had been carried out and the guilty were brought to justice, all reverently hailed them as righteous martyrs.

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