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列傳一百
Biographies 100
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兆惠阿里袞子豐升額布彥達賚舒赫德子舒常
Zhaohui; Ali Gun; Feng Shenge, son of Ali Gun; Bu Yandabai; Shuhede; Shuchang, son of Shuhede
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兆惠，字和甫，吳雅氏，滿洲正黃旗人，孝恭仁皇后族孫。 父佛標，官至都統。 兆惠，以筆帖式直軍機處。 七遷至刑部侍郎、正黃旗滿洲副都統、鑲紅旗護軍統領。 乾隆十三年，命兼領戶部侍郎。 赴金川督糧運，疏論糧運事，並言諸將惟烏爾登，哈攀龍勇往，並及諸行省遣兵多不實。 上命告經略傅恆覈實。 師還，命覈軍需。 調戶部侍郎。 赴山東按傳鈔尚書孫嘉淦偽疏稿，暫署巡撫。 十八年，命赴西藏防準噶爾。 十九年，議用兵，命協理北路軍務，並督糧運。 二十年，命駐烏里雅蘇台。 準噶爾台吉噶勒藏多爾濟降，命兆惠畀以牲畜。 是歲阿睦爾撒納叛，陷伊犁。 命兆惠移駐巴里坤，兼督額林哈畢爾噶台站。 二十一年，師收復伊犁。 上以定西將軍策楞不勝任，召兆惠還京授方略，未行，命逮策楞，並解扎拉豐阿定邊右副將軍以授兆惠。
Zhaohui, whose style was He Fu, belonged to the Wuya clan. A Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner, he was a kinsman of Empress Dowager Xiaogongren. His father Fubiao served as commandant. Zhaohui began as a bitishi on duty at the Grand Council. In seven steps he rose to vice minister of Justice, Manchu deputy lieutenant-general of the Plain Yellow Banner, and commandant of the Bordered Red Banner guards. In Qianlong 13 he was also appointed vice minister of Revenue. Sent to Jinchuan to oversee grain transport, he submitted a memorial on supply lines and said that of the field commanders only Ulden and Hapanlong fought with real daring, while many provincial troop figures were false. The Emperor told campaign commander Fu Heng to investigate. After the army came home, he was told to audit military supplies. He was moved to vice minister of Revenue. He was sent to Shandong to investigate the forged memorial circulated in Sun Jia'gan's name and served briefly as acting governor. In year 18 he was ordered to Tibet to guard against Dzungar threats. In year 19, as war was being planned, he was assigned to help manage the northern front and oversee grain transport. In year 20 he was posted to Uliassutai. When Dzungar taiji Galdan Dorji surrendered, the Emperor had Zhaohui supply him with livestock. That same year Amursana rebelled and took Ili. Zhaohui was shifted to Barkul and put in charge of the Ereen Habiirga relay stations as well. In year 21 the army recaptured Ili. Finding Dingxi general Celeng unequal to the task, the Emperor recalled Zhaohui to Beijing for instructions; before he marched, Celeng was arrested and Zhalafeng'a was stripped of the western deputy generalship, which was given to Zhaohui.
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時阿睦爾撒納北遁哈薩克，定西將軍達爾黨阿逐捕未得，上命還師。 厄魯特諸宰桑從軍者謀為亂，綽囉斯汗噶勒藏多爾濟告兆惠，巴雅爾入掠其牧地。 兆惠令寧夏將軍和起將百人徵厄魯特兵往禦，而噶勒藏多爾濟從子扎那噶爾布及宰桑呢嗎、哈薩克錫喇、達什策零等陰通巴雅爾，中途變作，和起死之。
Amursana had fled north into Kazakh lands; Dingxi general Dardang'a chased him without success, and the Emperor ordered the troops back. Eleuth zaisang in the army plotted mutiny; Choros khan Galdan Dorji told Zhaohui that Bayar had raided his pastures. Zhaohui told Ningxia general Heqi to lead a hundred men and draft Eleuth soldiers to meet the threat, yet Galdan Dorji's nephew Zanagarbu and the zaisang Nima, Kazakh Sira, Dashiceling, and others secretly sided with Bayar, turned on the column en route, and Heqi died in the fighting.
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兆惠自伊犁將五百人逐捕，經濟爾哈朗至鄂壘扎拉圖，與達什策零戰，大敗之。 逐賊戰於庫圖齊，再戰於達勒奇，殺賊數千。 二十二年正月，至烏魯木齊。 噶勒藏多爾濟、扎那噶爾布等諸賊皆會，日數十戰，馬且盡。 師步行冰雪中，至特訥格爾，遂被圍。 巴里坤辦事大臣雅爾哈善先遣侍衛圖倫楚將兵八百益兆惠軍。 會兆惠遣軍校雲多克德楞徹自圍中出，詣雅爾哈善言轉戰狀，事聞，上嘉兆惠奮勇，封一等武毅伯，授戶部尚書、鑲白旗漢軍都統、領侍衛內大臣。
Zhaohui marched from Ili with five hundred men in pursuit, went by Jierhalang to Ele Zalatu, met Dashiceling in battle, and defeated him decisively. In pursuit he fought at Kutuchi and again at Daleqi, slaying several thousand rebels. In the first month of year 22 he reached Urumqi. Galdan Dorji, Zanagarbu, and the other rebel leaders massed; they fought dozens of skirmishes a day until their horses were almost spent. The troops trudged through ice and snow to Teneger and there were encircled. Barkul commissioner Yarhashan had already dispatched bodyguard Tulenchu with eight hundred men to strengthen Zhaohui. Zhaohui sent officer Yundokdelengche out of the encirclement to tell Yarhashan how the battles had gone; when word reached court the Emperor commended his courage, made him a first-class Martial Resolution baron, and gave him the ministries of Revenue, the Bordered White Chinese banner command, and the inner guard grand ministership.
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及圖倫楚兵至，圍解，兆惠得新兵，复逐捕巴雅爾至穆壘河源。 巴雅爾已徙牧他處，乃還師巴里坤。 上以兆惠遠道旋師，逐賊不怠，賚御用玉韘、荷包、鼻煙壺，命同定邊將軍成袞扎布分路剪除厄魯特。 兆惠旋偕參贊大臣鄂實等自額林哈畢爾噶進剿。 時扎那噶爾布已殺噶勒藏多爾濟。 會阿睦爾撒納自哈薩克盜馬竄還伊犁，掠扎那噶爾布牧地。
Once Tulenchu's men came the ring was broken; reinforced, Zhaohui chased Bayar again to the upper Mulei. Bayar had shifted his herds, so the column withdrew to Barkul. The Emperor, noting that Zhaohui had come a great distance, turned back, and still pressed the chase, gave him an imperial jade archer's ring, purse, and snuff bottle, and told him and Pacification general Chengun Zhabu to cut down the Eleuth on divided lines. Zhaohui soon marched with commissioner Eshi and others from Ereen Habiirga. By then Zanagarbu had murdered Galdan Dorji. Meanwhile Amursana stole horses among the Kazakhs, crept back to Ili, and plundered Zanagarbu's grazing grounds.
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兆惠察回部頭人布拉呢敦、霍集占叛有跡，令參贊大臣富德逐捕阿睦爾撒納，而駐師濟爾哈朗以待。 上責兆惠與成袞扎布急回部、緩阿睦爾撒納，失輕重。 兆惠乃率師繼富德以北，遣使宣諭左右哈薩克，師復進次額密勒西岸。 富德師至塔爾巴哈台，獲逃渠巴雅爾及其孥，檻送京師，語詳富德傳。 哈薩克汗阿布賚使獻馬，並具表請入覲，上降敕宣諭。 阿布賚使言阿睦爾撒納以二十騎來投，約詰朝相見，令先收其馬並及牛羊。 阿睦爾撒納驚走，獲其從子達什車凌、宰桑齊巴罕，縛送兆惠，兆惠以聞，命檻車致京師。 兆惠分遣諸將圖倫楚、三達保、愛隆阿擊敗阿睦爾撒納屬眾，降其渠納木奇父子，送京師。 兆惠復進，與富德軍合，诇阿睦爾撒納已入俄羅斯。 上命還師。
Zhaohui detected signs of revolt in the Muslim chiefs Burhanuddin and Khoja Jihan; he sent commissioner Fude after Amursana and kept his own force at Jierhalang. The Emperor scolded Zhaohui and Chengun Zhabu for hurrying into the Muslim west while going easy on Amursana—he said they had mistaken what mattered most. Zhaohui marched north behind Fude, sent envoys to admonish the Kazakhs on both flanks, and moved on to camp west of the Emil. Fude reached Tarbagatai, seized the fugitive Bayar and his kin, and sent them to the capital in a cage cart, as told in Fude's biography. Kazakh khan Abulai's envoy brought horses and a memorial requesting an audience; the Emperor answered with a comforting edict. The envoy reported that Amursana was coming in with twenty riders and would meet at daybreak; he was ordered to take the horses and livestock first. Amursana bolted in fright; his nephew Dashicholing and zaisang Qibahan were taken, bound, and sent to Zhaohui, who memorialized; the court ordered them brought to Beijing in a cage cart. Zhaohui sent Tulenchu, Sandabao, and Ailong'a to smash Amursana's bands, received the surrender of chief Namuqi and his son, and forwarded them to court. Zhaohui pushed on, united with Fude, and found that Amursana had taken refuge in Russia. The Emperor ordered withdrawal.
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旋授兆惠定邊將軍，討布拉呢敦、霍集占。 兆惠奏請屯田烏魯木齊，以來春進討，倘不能即入回部，則且積穀市馬為持重，上責其怯懦。 二十三年正月，兆惠以厄魯特人在沙喇伯勒尚萬戶，當先剿除，乃專力回部。 上授雅爾哈善靖逆將軍，趣進師； 命兆惠剿厄魯特事竟，別道合攻。 並諭兆惠：「厄魯特性反覆，往往自殘殺。 毋以其烏合稍眾，過疑慮。」 兆惠與副將軍車布登扎布等分四道進剿：兆惠趨博羅布爾噶蘇，車布登扎布趨博羅塔拉，副都統瑚爾起等趨尼勒喀，侍衛達禮善等趨齊格特，皆會於伊犁。 厄魯特眾紛紜潰竄，遂盡殲焉。
He was soon appointed Pacification of the Frontier general to subdue Burhanuddin and Khoja Jihan. Zhaohui asked to farm at Urumqi and attack next spring, or if he could not enter the Muslim west yet, to hoard grain and horses and wait—the Emperor called him timid. In the first month of year 23, with tens of thousands of Eleuth still at Shalabole, Zhaohui insisted they be destroyed first before he threw his whole force into the Muslim west. The Emperor named Yarhashan Pacification of Rebellion general and pressed for a quick advance; he told Zhaohui to finish the Eleuth first, then link up on a separate route. He also told Zhaohui: "The Eleuth are treacherous by nature and often kill one another. Do not let their somewhat larger rabble make you over-cautious." Zhaohui and deputy Chebuden Zhabu split into four columns: Zhaohui toward Bolobulgasu, Chebuden Zhabu toward Borotala, Hu'erqi toward Nileka, Dalishan toward Qigete—all converging on Ili. The Eleuth broke and fled in confusion and were wiped out entirely.
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上以賊渠哈薩克錫喇、鄂哲特等十餘人皆未獲，命兆惠等加意奮勉。 四月，兆惠獲鄂哲特送京師，疏言：「準噶爾事將蕆，請自伊犁移師合攻回部。」 上仍責兆惠俘哈薩克錫喇等。 既又令赴庫車察軍事，還京師，詔未至而兆惠師已發，會雅爾哈善圍庫車，霍集占突圍走。 上逮雅爾哈善，以兆惠代將。 兆惠中途疏言：「將八百人赴庫車，當與雅爾哈善協力勦賊，不原靦顏遽還。」 上獎其肫誠勇往，賜雙眼孔雀翎。
With rebel leaders Kazakh Sira, Ejet, and a dozen others still free, the Emperor urged Zhaohui on. In the fourth month he seized Ejet and sent him to court, writing: "The Dzungar business is nearly done; please let me shift from Ili to strike the Muslim west." The Emperor still faulted him for not taking Kazakh Sira and the rest. He next ordered Zhaohui to look into Kucha and come home, yet the edict had not arrived when the army was already on the road; Yarhashan was investing Kucha when Khoja Jihan broke out and escaped. Yarhashan was arrested and Zhaohui took command. En route Zhaohui wrote: "With eight hundred men I am going to Kucha to fight beside Yarhashan; I will not slink home in disgrace." The Emperor praised his earnest courage and granted a double-eyed peacock plume.
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既至軍，诇霍集占自庫車出入葉爾羌城守，乃帥師往捕。 道阿克蘇，頭人頗拉特降。 和闐頭人霍集斯故擒達瓦齊有功，至是亦來附，並招烏什頭人俱降，遂薄葉爾羌。 兆惠兵止四百，自烏什至此千五百里，馬行乏，擇要隘屯兵。 霍集占出戰，三敗，保城不復出。 兆惠遣副都統愛隆阿以八百人扼喀什噶爾來路阻賊援，而率師臨蔥嶺南河為陣。 蔥嶺南河者即喀喇烏蘇，譯言黑水，故時謂兆惠軍為黑水營。
At the front he learned Khoja Jihan had quit Kucha to defend Yarkand and marched to take him. At Aksu chief Pilate surrendered. Khotan chief Khojasi, who had helped capture Dawachi, joined him too, brought in the Ush beg, and with every stronghold yielding they closed on Yarkand. Zhaohui had only four hundred soldiers; from Ush it was fifteen hundred li and the horses were spent, so he camped at vital defiles. Khoja Jihan sallied thrice, lost thrice, and then shut himself in the city. He sent Ailong'a with eight hundred to choke the Kashgar road against reinforcements and himself formed line along the Congling's southern river. That river was the Kara Usu, meaning "black water," whence men called Zhaohui's force the Black Water Camp.
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兆惠念兵寡而城大，不任攻，諜言賊牧群在城南英峨奇盤山，乃帥輕騎躪其牧地，且致賊為野戰。 渡黑水才四百騎而橋圮，霍集占挾數千騎出，師且戰且涉水，士卒殊死戰，五晝夜殺賊數千人。 諸將高天喜、鄂實、三格、特通額皆戰死。 兆惠馬再踣，面及脛皆傷，乃收兵築壘掘濠以為衛，賊亦筑壘與我師相持。 布拉呢敦自喀什噶爾至，助霍集占困我師。 靖逆將軍納穆札爾等帥師赴援，中途遇回兵，力戰，皆死之。 上先事發索倫、察哈爾、健銳營及陝、甘綠旗兵濟兆惠師； 聞兆惠被圍，促富德赴援，又命阿里袞選戰馬三千送軍前。 兆惠發阿克蘇，令舒赫德駐守。 至是遣使令以被圍狀入奏，上獎兆惠統軍深入，忠誠勇敢，進封武毅謀勇一等公，並賜紅寶石帽頂、四團龍補服。
Knowing he was too few for a siege, he let it be known the enemy's herds grazed on Ying'eqipan south of Yarkand, then led light horse to ruin those pastures and lure them to field battle. Only four hundred horsemen had crossed when the bridge collapsed; Khoja Jihan rushed out with thousands; they fought waist-deep, dying hard, and in five days and nights cut down several thousand rebels. Generals Gao Tianxi, Eshi, Sange, and Tetong'e were killed. Zhaohui's mount fell twice; face and shins were gashed; he pulled back, threw up walls and ditches, and the rebels threw up works of their own. Burhanuddin came from Kashgar to help Khoja Jihan tighten the siege. Namuzha'er, Pacification of Rebellion general, marched to relieve them, met Muslim troops en route, fought to the end, and was killed with his men. The Emperor had already sent Solon, Chahar, Vanguard, and Shaan-Gan Green Standard troops to Zhaohui's aid; on news of the encirclement he pressed Fude forward and told Ali Gun to pick three thousand remounts for the army. Leaving Aksu, Zhaohui stationed Shuhede to hold it. He now sent word of the siege; the Emperor praised his loyal daring in pushing so far, made him Duke of Martial Resolution and Strategic Courage, first rank, and gave a ruby finial and four-dragon surcoat.
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霍集占既逼我師為長圍，相持數月。 賊自上游引水謀灌我師壘，我師於下游溝而洩之。 我師壘迫深林，賊發槍彈著林木中，我師伐為薪，得彈，用以擊賊，常不匱。 水不給，賊引水，反得飲，又掘井恆得泉。 發地得藏粟一百六十窖，掠野得馬駝千餘。 迫歲暮，圍合已三月，軍中糧漸盡，士卒煮鞍革，甚或掠回民以食。 布拉呢敦、霍集占以圍久不下，會布魯特掠英吉沙爾，而兆惠即以是日率師焚賊壘，所殺傷過當，疑兆惠與布魯特相約，因遣使入我師請和。 兆惠因其使射書諭以納款當入覲，二酋亦射書請撤圍相見。 兆惠置不更答，而二酋自此攻稍緩。
Khoja Jihan had drawn a long cordon around the imperial force and the standoff ran for months. The rebels tried to flood our camp from upstream; we ditched downstream and let the water run off. Our walls stood against thick woods; enemy shot lodged in the trunks; we cut firewood, dug out the balls, and shot them back so powder never failed. Short of water, we drank what they channeled toward us; every well we sank found a spring. We opened a hundred and sixty buried granaries and rounded up over a thousand horses and camels on forays. By year's end the ring had held three months; rations were almost gone; soldiers boiled harness leather, and some robbed Muslim civilians to eat. Unable to break the siege, Burhanuddin and Khoja Jihan were distracted when Kyrgyz raiders struck Yengisar; that same day Zhaohui burned their lines and killed far more than he lost, so they thought he had plotted with the Kyrgyz and sent envoys to treat for peace. Zhaohui answered by arrow-letter that surrender meant an audience at court; the two chiefs shot back asking to lift the siege for talks. Zhaohui did not answer again, and their assaults grew weaker.
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二十四年正月，富德帥師至呼爾璊，遇回兵，轉戰五晝夜。 阿里袞送馬至，合軍复戰。 布拉呢敦出戰，中彈傷，還喀什噶爾。 師至葉爾羌河岸，阿里袞與愛隆阿合軍為右翼，富德及舒赫德為左翼，逐賊，以次徐進。 兆惠自圍中望見火光十餘裡，馬駝群囂塵上，知援集，乃率餘軍破壘出，與諸軍相合，引還阿克蘇。 上為賦黑水行紀其事。 兆惠疏辭進封及章服，諭毋辭，並以其母老，時遣人存問。
In the first month of year 24 Fude brought his column to Hurgan, met Muslim forces, and battled five days and nights. Ali Gun arrived with horses; united, they fought on. Burhanuddin sallied, took a musket wound, and withdrew to Kashgar. At the Yarkand river Ali Gun and Ailong'a held the right, Fude and Shuhede the left, and they pushed the enemy back inch by inch. Inside the ring Zhaohui saw fires for ten li and dust from horse and camel herds, knew help had come, broke out with what men he had left, met the relief, and fell back to Aksu. The Emperor wrote the "Black Water Campaign" to mark the feat. Zhaohui tried to decline the new title and robes; the throne told him to accept and, as his mother was aged, sent agents to visit her.
14
霍集占之黨攻和闐，上以兆惠、富德既合軍急引還，謂富德不得以援兆惠為畢事，兆惠為帥被圍待援，尤不當遽引師退。 諭趣富德援和闐，兆惠當就現在兵力加意奮勉，以竟全功。 兆惠督諸將分道進攻，布拉呢敦棄喀什噶爾，霍集占亦棄葉爾羌同遁。 兆惠師至喀什噶爾，撫定餘眾，富德亦收葉爾羌，為畫疆界，定貢賦，鑄泉幣，並分屯滿、漢兵駐守。 富德師復進，追及霍集占，戰於阿勒楚爾，再戰於伊西洱庫爾淖爾。 布拉呢敦、霍集占竄入巴達克山，師從之。 巴達克山汗素勒坦沙初言霍集占中彈死，生獲布拉呢敦； 復言兩酋已皆死，獻霍集占首。 上加兆惠宗室公品級、鞍轡，並授其子侍衛。 兆惠复撫定霍罕額爾德尼伯克所屬四城，並齊哩克布魯特、額德格納布魯特、阿濟畢部眾，請留兵分駐葉爾羌、喀什噶爾諸城。 复定各城伯克更番入覲例。 二十五年二月，師還，上幸良鄉，於城南行郊勞禮。 兆惠入謁，賜朝珠及馬，從上還京。 飲至，賚銀幣。 圖形紫光閣。
Khoja Jihan's allies struck Khotan; the Emperor, seeing Zhaohui and Fude join up and retreat quickly, said Fude must not think aiding Zhaohui finished the war and that Zhaohui, as commander trapped and awaiting rescue, above all should not have withdrawn so soon. He pressed Fude toward Khotan and told Zhaohui to drive hard with what troops he had and complete the victory. Zhaohui sent his generals on divided columns; Burhanuddin quit Kashgar and Khoja Jihan fled Yarkand with him. Zhaohui entered Kashgar and settled the people; Fude held Yarkand; they fixed borders, tribute, coinage, and Manchu-Chinese garrisons. Fude pushed on, caught Khoja Jihan, and fought at Aletuer and again at Yixihur Lake. Burhanuddin and Khoja Jihan slipped into Badakhshan, and the army went after them. Badakhshan khan Sultan Shah first reported Khoja Jihan shot dead and Burhanuddin captured alive; he later said both leaders were dead and sent Khoja Jihan's head. The throne raised Zhaohui to imperial-clan duke rank, gave him court harness, and made his son a bodyguard. Zhaohui settled the four Kokand cities and the Qilik, Edegena, and Aq Bibi peoples, and asked for divided garrisons at Yarkand, Kashgar, and the rest. He also set the rotation under which city begs would attend court. In the second month of year 25 the army came home; the Emperor went to Liangxiang and held the suburban welcome south of the town. Zhaohui was received in audience, given court beads and a horse, and rode back to Beijing with the Emperor. At the victory feast he received silver cash. His likeness was painted in the Hall of Purple Splendor.
15
二十六年七月，命協辦大學士，兼領刑部。 旋令偕大學士劉統勳按楊橋河決。 二十七年，复偕統勳勘江南運河。 二十八年，直隸水災，命勘海口，疏天津、靜海諸縣水道。 復命偕兩江總督尹繼善籌濬荊山橋河道。 二十九年十一月，卒。 上臨其喪，贈太保，諡文襄。 嘉慶元年十一月，命配享太廟。
In the seventh month of year 26 he was made associate grand secretary and put in charge of Justice. Soon he was sent with Grand Secretary Liu Tongxun to deal with the Yangqiao River break. In year 27 he again surveyed the Jiangnan Grand Canal with Tongxun. In year 28, after Zhili floods, he inspected the estuary and dredged channels in Tianjin, Jinghai, and neighboring counties. He was again paired with Liangjiang governor Yin Jishan to dredge the Jingshan Bridge section. He died in the eleventh month of year 29. The Emperor came to his funeral, posthumously named him Grand Tutor, and gave the temple name Wenxiang. In the eleventh month of Jiaqing 1 he was ordered a share in sacrifices at the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
16
子扎蘭泰，尚高宗女和碩和恪公主，襲爵，授額駙。
His son Zhalantai married Princess Heshuo Ke of Gaozong, inherited the rank, and became an imperial son-in-law.
17
阿里袞，字松崖，鈕祜祿氏，滿洲正白旗人，尹德第四子，而訥親弟也。 乾隆初，自二等侍衛授總管內務府大臣。 遷侍郎，歷兵、戶二部。 五年，命與僉都御史硃必堦如山東勘巡撫碩色報歉收失實狀。 疏言：「蘭山、郯城被水最甚，請緩徵新、舊賦，而以官帑市穀補社倉。」 復命與江南河道總督高斌如江西勘巡撫岳濬等徇情納賄狀，鞫實，濬坐黜。
Ali Gun, styled Songya, of the Niohuru clan, was a Plain White Banner Manchu, Yinde fourth son and Neqin younger brother. Early in Qianlong he went from second-class bodyguard to head of the Imperial Household. He became a vice minister and passed through War and Revenue. In year 5 he and censor Zhu Bikai were sent to Shandong to check Governor Shuo Se crop reports. He wrote: Lanshan and Tancheng were hardest hit—defer old and new taxes and refill the community granaries from the treasury. He was sent again with canal director Gao Bin to Jiangxi to prove Governor Yue Jun bribery; Jun was removed.
18
六年，侍郎梁詩正奏八旗兵丁當分置邊屯，復命與大學士查郎阿如奉天相度地勢。 上言：「地宜耕者，吉林烏拉東北拉林、阿爾楚克，阿爾楚哈東飛克圖，齊齊哈爾東南呼蘭，西南黑爾蘇站、刷煙站，白都訥東八家子至登額爾者庫，皆沃壤； 呼蘭東佛忒喜素素富林木，惟地高下各異。 墨爾根寒暑早，齊齊哈爾砂磧，吉林烏拉無餘地，寧古塔山深，烏蘇里產葠，皆不宜耕。」 議政王大臣用其議，移屯自拉林、阿爾楚哈始。
In year 6, after Liang Shizheng urged frontier farms for bannermen, he and Grand Secretary Zhalanga surveyed Fengtian. He listed arable tracts: Lalin and Aertuke northeast of Jilin Ula; Feiketu east of Aertuha; Hulan southeast of Qiqihar; Heiersu and Shuayan southwest of Qiqihar; Bajiazi to Denggeerzheku east of Baidunai—all fertile; east of Hulan, Fotexi Susu has good timber though the ground is uneven. Moergen is too cold, Qiqihar too stony, Jilin Ula too full, Ningguta too steep, Wusuli ginseng country—all poor for farming. The council took his advice and opened farms from Lalin and Aertuha.
19
八年，命如湖南勘巡撫許容劾糧道謝濟世狂縱狀，白濟世枉。 命即署巡撫，歷河南、山西、山東諸省。 十四年，訥親誅，令分任訥親償帑。 旋以兄弟不相及，命免之。 上將巡五台，阿里袞疏請於台懷建行宮，太原就巡撫署增建群室，上不許。 阿里袞別疏薦參將傅謙，大學士傅恆弟也，上責其不當，詔切責。 十五年，授湖廣總督。 湖北巡撫唐綏祖為前總督永興劾罷，阿里袞白綏祖無受賕狀，永興坐黜。 十六年，移兩廣總督。 東莞民莫信豐謀為亂，討平之。 尋居母憂，還京師。 授戶部侍郎，擢尚書，歷刑、工、戶三部，兼鑲白旗漢軍都統。
In year 8 he went to Hunan on Xu Rong charge against intendant Xie Jishi and cleared Jishi. He was made acting governor and served Henan, Shanxi, and Shandong. In year 14, after Neqin execution, he was told to help pay Neqin fine. Soon the court ruled brothers should not share guilt and released him. Before a Wutai tour he asked for a palace at Taihuai and extra rooms at Taiyuan; the Emperor said no. He also pushed Major Fu Qian, Fu Heng brother; the Emperor scolded him and issued a sharp edict. In year 15 he became governor-general of Huguang. Hubei governor Tang Suizu had been ousted by ex-governor Yongxing; Ali Gun showed Suizu took no bribes and Yongxing fell. In year 16 he moved to Liangguang. Dongguan Mo Xinfeng rose in revolt; Ali Gun put it down. He soon went into mourning for his mother and returned to Beijing. He became Revenue vice minister, then minister through Punishments, Works, and Revenue, and Bordered White Chinese lieutenant-general.
20
二十一年四月，命軍機處行走。 時上方責諸將逐捕阿睦爾撒納，定西將軍達爾黨阿出西路。 五月，命阿里袞佐達爾黨阿，在領隊大臣上行走。 九月，師至雅爾拉，遇賊再胜。 十月，命與達爾黨阿還京師。 二十二年正月，上以成袞扎佈為定邊左副將軍，會師巴里坤，阿里袞仍在領隊大臣上行走。 二月，達爾黨阿以失阿睦爾撒納削爵，阿里袞亦坐降戶部侍郎，旋兼正白旗蒙古副都統。
In the fourth month of year 21 he was put on the Grand Council. The Emperor was pressing generals to catch Amursana; Dingxi general Dardanga took the western road. In the fifth month Ali Gun was told to aid Dardanga with rank above the column leaders. In the ninth month the army reached Yarlai and beat the enemy twice. In the tenth month he and Dardanga were recalled to Beijing. In the first month of year 22 Chengun Zhabu became western left deputy; armies met at Barkul and Ali Gun kept his senior post. In the second month Dardanga was stripped for losing Amursana; Ali Gun was cut to Revenue vice minister, then Plain White Manchu deputy lieutenant-general.
21
時回部大和卓木布拉呢敦、小和卓木霍集占分據葉爾羌、喀什噶爾為亂，於是沙拉斯、瑪呼斯諸部游牧與相應。 九月，阿里袞與都統滿福自阿斯罕布拉克、和什特哷克取道至哈喇沙爾，搜山殺敵。 復進至塔本順和爾、納木噶，俘男婦二百餘。 十二月，滿福為郭多克哈什哈誘戕，沙拉斯、瑪呼斯遁庫車諸處。 阿里袞復進次哈喇沙爾西南庫爾勒。 二十三年正月，復進逐敵至呼爾塔克山，獲瑪呼斯得木齊額默根等。 四月，阿里袞自魯克察還師，駐巴里坤。 上先得伯克素賚瑪奏，阿里袞方搜捕瑪哈沁將還師，與阿里袞疏言師向呼爾塔克山不相應，上因責阿里袞中途遷延，罷侍郎，以副都統革職留任。
Then Great Khoja Burhanuddin and Lesser Khoja Khoja Jihan held Yarkand and Kashgar, and Sharas and Mahus nomads joined them. In the ninth month Ali Gun and Manfu went from Ashanbulak and Hoshtok to Karashar, hunting rebels in the hills. They pushed to Tabun Shunghur and Namuga and took over two hundred captives. In the twelfth month Manfu was ambushed and killed by Guodok Hasha; Sharas and Mahus fled toward Kucha. Ali Gun moved on and camped at Korla, southwest of Karashar. In the first month of year 23 he chased the enemy to Mount Hurktak and seized Mahus Demuqi Ermugen and others. In the fourth month he pulled back from Lukqi to Barkul. Beg Suerma said Ali Gun was rounding up Mahujin and turning back, but Ali Gun wrote he was bound for Mount Hurktak; the Emperor blamed the delay, stripped his vice ministership, and kept him on as demoted vice lieutenant-general.
22
六月，靖逆將軍雅爾哈善攻庫車，霍集占赴援，入城守，已，复走還葉爾羌。 上為罷雅爾哈善，而督定邊將軍兆惠攻阿克蘇，遂進逼葉爾羌。 十一月，命阿里袞選馬三千、駝七百益兆惠軍。 兆惠攻葉爾羌不克，瀕黑水結寨，霍集占為長圍困之。 上聞，授富德定邊右將軍、阿里袞參贊大臣，援兆惠。 是月命襲封二等公。 十二月，授兵部尚書、正紅旗蒙古都統。 二十四年正月，富德師至呼爾璊，霍集占出戰，五日四夜未決。 阿里袞以駝馬至，乘夜分師為兩翼斫陣，斬千餘級。 布拉呢敦中創，與霍集占並敗走。 援兆惠全師以還。 上以阿里袞送馬濟軍，如期集事，且殺賊多，加雲騎尉世職，例進一等公。 七月，霍集占走巴達克山部，阿里袞與富德等帥師從之，降其眾萬二千有奇。 阿里袞以五百人駐伊西勒庫爾淖爾西截隘，復分兵出其南，遇敵，奪其家屬輜重，降二千有奇。 復將選兵二百踰嶺逐敵。 巴達克山部旋納款，以霍集占首獻。 行賞，賜阿里袞雙眼孔雀翎。
In the sixth month Yarhashan besieged Kucha; Khoja Jihan relieved it, held the city, then fled to Yarkand. Yarhashan was removed; the Emperor pushed Zhaohui through Aksu toward Yarkand. In the eleventh month he was told to send Zhaohui three thousand horses and seven hundred camels. Zhaohui failed at Yarkand, made camp on the Black Water, and Khoja Jihan penned him in. On news of the siege Fude became western right general and Ali Gun commissioner to save Zhaohui. That month he was told to inherit a second-class dukedom. In the twelfth month he became War minister and Plain Red Mongol lieutenant-general. In the first month of year 24 Fude reached Hurgan; Khoja Jihan fought five days and four nights without decision. Ali Gun came with pack animals, divided into night wings, and hacked the line, taking a thousand heads. Burhanuddin was hit and fled with Khoja Jihan. They broke Zhaohui out and brought the whole force back. For timely horses, timely muster, and heavy kills he received a hereditary Cloud Cavalry Captaincy and a step up in rank. In the seventh month Khoja Jihan fled to Badakhshan; Ali Gun and Fude followed and took over twelve thousand surrenders. He blocked the passes west of Yixilekur Lake with five hundred, sent columns south, seized families and baggage, and took two thousand more. He picked two hundred more to cross the ridge after them. Badakhshan soon submitted and sent Khoja Jihan head. When rewards were given he received a double-eyed peacock plume.
23
二十五年，召還京師。 六月，自喀什噶爾行次葉爾羌，會雅木扎爾回酋邁喇木煽訛謂阿睦爾撒納復入阿克蘇，群起為亂。 乃復還喀什噶爾，率八百人以出，至伯什克勒木，邁喇木等以千餘人拒戰，阿里袞督所部擊破之。 賊入城堅守，麾兵合圍，夜四鼓，城人呼號乞降，邁喇木遁去。 上獎阿里袞應機立辦，授其子拜唐阿豐升額藍翎侍衛。 阿里袞旋捕邁喇木等送京師，復進豐升額三等侍衛，授其次子倭興額藍翎侍衛。 十月，阿里袞還京師，授領侍衛內大臣，圖形紫光閣。 二十八年，加太子太保。 二十九年，授戶部尚書、協辦大學士。
In year 25 he was recalled to Beijing. In the sixth month, between Kashgar and Yarkand, he heard Mailamu was saying Amursana had returned to Aksu and the country was rising. He swung back to Kashgar, took eight hundred to Beshiklemu, and when Mailamu met him with a thousand men he smashed them. They shut themselves in the city; he encircled it; at the fourth watch the people begged to yield and Mailamu fled. The Emperor praised his quick handling and made his son Baitang-a Fengshenge a blue-plume guard. He soon sent Mailamu to court; Fengshenge rose to third-class guard and second son Weixinge got a blue plume. In the tenth month he came home, became inner guard grand minister, and joined the Purple Splendor portraits. In year 28 he was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In year 29 he became Revenue minister and associate grand secretary.
24
時緬甸亂，南徼兵連數歲。 三十一年春，將軍明瑞深入，上授阿里袞參贊大臣，馳傳至軍。 二月，明瑞戰死猛臘，大學士傅恆出為經略，授阿里袞及阿桂為副將軍，並令暫領雲貴總督，率師駐永昌。 朝議：「明年進兵。 今歲秋夏瘴退，先收普洱、思茅邊外諸小部落。」 阿里袞疏言：「邊外十三板納皆內屬不為亂，惟召散、整貝、猛勇三部附緬甸。」 當用兵時，刑部尚書舒赫德在軍，與雲南巡撫鄂寧密疏議撫。 六月，緬甸使頭人請款，阿里袞拒之，以聞。 上命置毋答，並譴舒赫德等。 七月，阿里袞疏請絕緬甸貿易，並治雲南省城至永昌道，撫慰沿邊諸土司，借帑俾市籽種牛具，皆得俞旨。 十二月，阿桂兵至，共發兵出邊，未深入而還。
Burma was in revolt and the southern frontier had seen years of war. In the spring of year 31, as Ming Rui advanced deep, the Emperor made Ali Gun commissioner and rushed him to the front. In the second month Ming Rui fell at Mengla; Fu Heng took command; Ali Gun and A Gui became deputies; he also acted as Yunnan-Guizhou governor at Yongchang. Court debate said: Strike next year. This autumn and summer, when fever fades, take the small tribes outside Puer and Simao first. Ali Gun wrote: All thirteen frontier banna obey except Zhao San, Zhengbei, and Mengyong, who follow Burma. As war began, Shuhede at the front and Governor Eshi secretly urged peace. In the sixth month a Burmese envoy sued for peace; Ali Gun refused and reported. The Emperor told them to ignore it and scolded Shuhede and the rest. In the seventh month he asked to stop Burma trade, fix the Yunnan–Yongchang road, soothe chiefs, and lend grain for seed and cattle—all granted. In the twelfth month A Gui came; they crossed the border but withdrew without a deep push.
25
三十四年二月，上摘雲貴總督明德疏語，以軍中馬羸責阿里袞等，下部議奪職，命寬之。 三月，傅恆至軍，與阿里袞等議進兵渡戛鳩江，西攻猛拱、猛養兩土司，向阿瓦。 阿瓦，緬甸都也。 偏師至猛密，夾江而下，造舟蠻暮通往來。 七月，師行。 初，阿里袞病瘍，上遣醫就視良愈，至是復大作。 傅恆令留永昌治疾，阿里袞堅請行。 師進，緬甸兵不出。 十月，傅恆還師蠻暮，復進攻老官屯，駐戛鳩江口。 緬甸兵水陸並至，傅恆、阿桂軍江東，阿里袞軍江西，迎戰。 敵結寨自固，阿里袞率兵七百攻之，敵百餘棄寨走。 把總姚卓殺敵，奪其旗，師銳進，敵四百餘亦遁。 复戰，會日暮，敵不能堅守，皆引去。 凡破寨三，殺敵五百餘。 傅恆亦遘疾，諸將議毋更進兵，阿里袞曰：「老官屯賊寨，前歲額爾登額攻未克。 距此僅一舍，不破之何以報命？」 策馬行，傅恆以下皆從之，寨堅，攻不克。 阿里袞疾甚，猶強起督攻，視槍砲最多處輒身當之。 傅恆慮其傷，令將舟師，毋更與攻寨。 十二月，卒於軍，諡襄壯，祀賢良祠。 以豐升額金川功，追加封號為果毅繼勇公。 子豐升額、倭興額、色克精額、布彥達賚。
In the second month of year 34 the Emperor, citing Mingde memorial, blamed weak army horses; the ministry wanted rank stripped but mercy was shown. In the third month Fu Heng arrived; they planned to cross the Jiayu, hit Menggong and Mengyang, and march on Ava. Ava was Burma capital. A flank would reach Mengmi, descend both banks, and build boats at Manmu. In the seventh month the army moved. He had had ulcers; a doctor cured him, but now they returned severely. Fu Heng told him to remain at Yongchang for treatment, but Ali Gun insisted on going forward. The column moved on, yet Burmese forces stayed in cover. In the tenth month Fu Heng fell back to Manmu, struck Laoguantun again, and camped at the Jiayu mouth. Burmese came by land and water; Fu Heng and A Gui fought east of the river, Ali Gun west. The enemy walled a camp; Ali Gun hit it with seven hundred; a hundred rebels fled. Sergeant Yao Zhuo slew the foe and took their flag; the troops rushed on and four hundred more ran. Another clash followed; at dusk the enemy broke and left. Three camps fell and over five hundred were killed. Fu Heng grew ill; generals argued against going on; Ali Gun said Laoguantun had beaten Erdenge the year before. It lies only one march away—if we fail to take it, how do we answer the throne? He rode ahead; Fu Heng and the others followed; the camp was tough and the assault failed. Though desperately ill he rose to command, always standing where fire was heaviest. Fu Heng, fearing for him, put him in charge of the boats and kept him off the walls. He died in the twelfth month; posthumous name Xiangzhuang; enshrined among worthy ministers. Fengshengge Jinchuan service raised the house to Duke of Fruit Resolution and Continued Courage. His sons: Fengshengge, Weixinge, Sekijingge, Buyandabai.
26
豐升額，自三等侍衛襲封一等公，擢領侍衛內大臣，署兵部尚書、鑲藍旗蒙古都統。 三十五年八月，命在軍機處行走。 金川再用兵，定邊左副將軍溫福為帥，劾參贊大臣伍岱乖謬。 上命豐升額往勘，因授豐升額參贊大臣。 五月，豐升額攻東瑪寨，偽退以致敵，令章京佛倫泰、富爾賽突起偪寨，侍衛伸達蘇發鉅砲，敵驚卻，多墜崖死，遂克東瑪。 六月，攻固卜濟山梁。 師至色爾渠，令烏什哈達、巴三泰等左右進攻。 豐升額出中路，發砲墮碉。 烏什哈達等引兵出岩下，豐升額自山徑策應鏖戰，敵大奔。 七月，复克色爾渠大碉及卡房百餘。 卡房，敵所置堠也。 旋與溫福大軍合，十月，克路頂宗、喀木色爾諸寨。 復進克兜烏山樑及附近諸寨。 十一月，克博爾根山，奪瑪覺烏大寨。 再進克明郭宗，下碉卡九十餘。 克嘉巴山，焚經樓。 語詳溫福傳。 十二月，授豐升額副將軍。
Fengshengge rose from third-class guard to first-class duke, inner guard grand minister, acting War minister, and Bordered Blue Mongol lieutenant-general. In the eighth month of year 35 he joined the Grand Council. Jinchuan flared again; Wen Fu commanded and impeached Wu Dai. The Emperor sent Fengshengge to investigate and made him commissioner. In the fifth month he feigned retreat at Dongma, rushed the stockade with Foluntai and Fuersai, blasted with Shendasu cannon, drove the foe over cliffs, and took Dongma. In the sixth month he struck the Gubuji ridge. At Seerqu he sent Ushihada and Basantai against both flanks. Fengshengge took the center and knocked down the blockhouse with cannon. Ushihada came out under the cliff; Fengshengge met him on the path; the enemy ran. In the seventh month he took Seerqu great blockhouse and a hundred posts. The posts were enemy sentry lines. He joined Wen Fu; in the tenth month Ludingzong, Kamuseer, and other camps fell. They took Douwu ridge and neighboring camps. In the eleventh month Boergen mountain and Majuewu great camp were taken. They took Mingguozong and ninety-odd posts below. They burned Jiaba scripture hall. See Wen Fu biography. In the twelfth month he became deputy general.
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三十八年正月，與將軍溫福、副將軍阿桂議分道並進，溫福自功噶爾拉進攻噶爾薩爾，阿桂自僧格宗經納圍納扎木，至當噶爾拉，待溫福軍至，與合攻噶拉依。 豐升額自章谷、吉地經綽斯甲布，溫福分遣參贊大臣舒常駐軍於此，與合攻勒烏圍。 豐升額駐軍宜喜，於其地設糧台，規進取。 四月，考績，加太子少保。 溫福師銳進，六月，次木果木。 阿桂亦克當噶爾拉。 上令豐升額攻大板昭，命未至，木果木師潰，溫福死之。 上聞敗，命豐升額引兵自黨壩、三雜穀至巴朗拉為阿桂聲援。 既聞阿桂自當噶爾拉全師而出，屯翁古爾壟，諭豐升額仍駐宜喜為犄角。
In the first month of year 38 he, Wen Fu, and A Gui split columns toward Galayi as planned. Fengshengge marched via Zhanggu and Chuosijia; Shuchang garrisoned and helped take Lewuwei. He garrisoned Yixi, opened a grain depot, and planned forward. In the fourth month he received Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Wen Fu pushed hard; in the sixth month he reached Muguo wood. A Gui took Danggaerla too. He was told to hit Daban Zhao; before word came Muguo wood collapsed and Wen Fu died. After defeat he was sent from Dangba and Sanzagou to Barangla to aid A Gui. When A Gui rallied at Wengguerlong, Fengshengge was kept at Yixi as flank.
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豐升額初未移軍，分兵駐智固山，防後路。 阿桂以定西將軍為帥，十一月，收小金川全境。 豐升額自宜喜攻克沙壩山梁碉卡，分敵勢。 十二月，阿桂定策自取谷噶，而令豐升額攻凱立葉，進兵。 上命豐升額以五千人往攻，三十九年正月，師次薩爾赤鄂羅山，佔其南雪山，又分兵屯孟拜拉山梁。 阿桂遣納木扎等將二千人與合軍。 二月晦夜半，豐升額帥師自達爾扎克北山澖越石蹋雪以進。 次日黎明，至凱立葉山麓。 山絕險，凡大峰各置碉，見我師至且近，槍石並發。 豐升額督師直前衝擊，與侍衛彰靄、明仁取第二峰，瑪爾佔、伊達里取第三峰，令領隊大臣五岱營第三峰下。 捷聞，上以碉據峰巔，仰攻不易克，命留五岱於此，而移軍谷噶，與阿桂合軍攻勒烏圍。
He had not moved yet and posted men on Zhigu mountain for the rear. A Gui as Dingxi general pacified Lesser Jinchuan in the eleventh month. From Yixi he took Shabashan posts to split the enemy. In the twelfth month A Gui took Guga himself and sent Fengshengge at Kailiye. In the first month of year 39, with five thousand men, he held Saierchieoluo south peak and Mengbaila ridge. A Gui added Namuzha with two thousand. On the last night of the second month he crossed Darzak north slope through snow. At dawn next day they stood at Kailiye foot. Peaks were sheer, each crowned with a blockhouse; as the troops neared, shot and stone hailed down. He charged the center; Zhangai and Mingren took the second peak; Marzhan and Yidali the third; Wudai camped below. Victory news came; the Emperor kept Wudai on the peak and moved the main body to Guga with A Gui.
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阿桂遣諜告豐升額：「達爾扎克面當莫爾敏山，山旁地曰迪噶拉穆扎。 師得此，繞出凱立葉後，夾攻易為力。」 豐升額即遣兵佔莫爾敏山，敵力爭，絕我師前後不相屬，卒敗敵，取迪噶拉穆扎。 豐升額尋從上命移軍谷噶。 六月，克色繃普，破碉十一。 七月，克該布達什諾大碉。 十月，自間道克墨格爾陟曰爾巴當噶西峰，破碉寨二百餘，得凱立葉山梁之半。 命議敘，賚玄狐帽、貂馬褂。 十一月，攻格魯古丫口，通黨壩，遂進逼勒烏圍。 四十年正月，克甲爾納堪布卓沿河諸碉寨。 四月，破噶爾丹寺及噶朗噶木柵十七。 五月，克丫口石碉八、木城四。 再進，盡隳遜克爾宗諸碉寨。 敕獎其奮勉，命封號加「繼勇」字。 七月，師至章噶，碉甚堅，碉外為壕三重，壕外立木柵。 海蘭察攻其中，豐升額督官達色、仁和等攻其左右，毀柵覆壕以度師，緣碉側直上，自其巔俯攻，遂克之，並得其旁木城。 八月，與阿桂合克勒烏圍。 九月，復進向噶拉依。 十二月，克格隆古科布曲山梁。 四十一年正月，克瑪爾古當噶山梁。 金川全部悉定。 師圍噶拉依，上命加豐升額一等子，以其弟布彥達賚襲爵。 尋移戶部尚書，賜雙眼孔雀翎。 二月，金川酋索諾木出降，致京師。
A Gui spies said Digalamuza lay beside Moermin beyond Darzak. Holding it would let the army turn Kailiye rear and pinch the foe. He seized Moermin; the enemy severed his lines yet lost Digalamuza. He soon shifted to Guga as ordered. In the sixth month Sebengpu fell and eleven blockhouses went. In the seventh month Gaibudashinuo great blockhouse fell. In the tenth month a side path took Mogeer west peak and two hundred works—half of Kailiye ridge. Merit was recorded; he received sable hat and jacket. In the eleventh month Geluguyakou fell, Dangba opened, and Lewuwei was pressed. In the first month of year 40 he cleared Jiaernazangbu posts. In the fourth month Gaerdan monastery and seventeen palisades fell. In the fifth month eight stone forts and four timber forts at the pass fell. He advanced and razed Xunkeerzong works. The throne praised his drive and added Continued Courage to his rank. In the seventh month at Zhangga a triple-moated blockhouse stood behind a timber wall. Hailancha hit the center; Fengshengge flanked with Guandase and Renhe, tore the palisade, filled moats, climbed the wall crown, and took the timber fort beside it. In the eighth month he and A Gui took Lewuwei. In the ninth month he pushed on Galayi. In the twelfth month Gelonggu Kebuqu ridge fell. In the first month of year 41 Margudangga ridge fell. All Jinchuan was pacified. During the Galayi siege he was raised one step to first-class viscount; Buyandabai inherited the dukedom. He soon became Revenue minister with a double-eyed peacock plume. In the second month chief Suonuomu surrendered and went to court.
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四月，師還，賚禦廝馬俱鞍轡，圖形紫光閣。 四十二年十月，卒，贈太子太保，諡誠武。
In the fourth month the army came home; he received imperial horses and a Purple Splendor portrait. In the tenth month of year 42 he died; posthumous Grand Guardian Chengwu.
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布彥達賚，自三等侍衛累遷武備院卿。 嘉慶間，授戶部尚書、正白旗滿洲都統、步軍左翼總兵署統領。 五年，卒，贈太子太保，諡恭勤。 布彥達賚女為宣宗元妃，道光元年，冊諡孝穆皇后，禮成，追封三等公。
Buyandabai rose from third-class guard to Armory director. Under Jiaqing he became Revenue minister, Plain White lieutenant-general, and Left Vanguard acting commander. In year 5 he died; posthumous Grand Guardian Gongqin. His daughter became Xuanzong consort and, as Empress Xiaomu in Daoguang 1, raised the clan to third-class duke.
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舒赫德，字伯容，舒穆魯氏，滿洲正白旗人，徐元夢孫也。 舒赫德，自筆帖式授內閣中書，累遷御史，充軍機處章京。 乾隆二年，疏言：「八旗生齒日繁。 盛京、黑龍江、寧古塔三省土沃可耕。 請將閒散移屯。 併條議設公庫，以各省稅務專屬旗員，贖旗地典於民者，以官地畀無地旗丁。 以十年為期，次第施行。」 上以稅務專屬旗員為非是，諭曰：「舒赫德此議，但知旗人生計艱難，不知國家設關，欲稽察姦宄，非為收稅之員身家計也。 朕日以砥礪廉隅勉臣工，尚恐其不能遵奉，而可以謀利導之乎？ 況各省稅務本未分滿、漢，旗員有廉潔者，何嘗不可派委。 大抵為上者施逮下之仁，惟有勵以忠勤，示以節儉； 為下者皆當早作夜思，宣力供職，以永受國家惠養。 方可謂之計長久。 蓋厚其生計，不可不思，而長貪以為惠下，則未見其利，而且貽害，非所以教旗員，亦非所以愛旗員也。」 初，雍正間，京師設官米局，收旗丁餉米存儲平糶。 舒赫德疏請復設，從之。 五遷至兵部尚書，移戶部尚書。
Shuhede, styled Borong, Shumulu clan, Plain White Banner, was Xu Yuanmeng grandson. He rose from bitishi to secretariat secretary, censor, and Grand Council clerk. In Qianlong 2 he wrote: Eight Banner numbers grow daily. Fengtian, Heilongjiang, and Ningguta have arable soil. He asked to move idle bannermen to frontier farms. He also urged public treasuries, banner-only tax posts, redeeming pawned banner land, and giving official plots to landless bannermen. The plan was to phase it in over ten years. The Emperor rejected banner-only taxes, saying Shuhede saw banner poverty but not that customs exist to stop smuggling, not to enrich clerks. I daily preach integrity and still fear disobedience—how guide them to profit? Provincial taxes were never Manchu-Han split; honest bannermen were often appointed. A ruler aids subjects by urging loyalty, diligence, and frugality; subjects should toil early and late in service and enjoy state nurture forever. Only that is long-term planning. Thickening livelihood is wise; encouraging greed as favor harms bannermen instead of teaching them. Under Yongzheng Beijing had a government rice office for banner pay rice. Shuhede asked to restore it and the court agreed. In five steps he reached War minister, then Revenue.
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十三年，命從經略大學士傅恆徵金川，授參贊，加太子太保。 十四年，師還，留辦軍需奏銷。 命往雲南、湖廣、河南查閱營伍，並勘雲南金沙江運銅水道。 舒赫德疏言金沙江下游銅運無阻，上游四十餘灘多峻險，仍當陸運。 總督張允隨言上下游皆疏通，語不實。 古州總兵哈尚德因古州被水，請移城，上令舒赫德相度。 舒赫德請城內外疏積水，無待移建。 十月，复移兵部尚書。 十五年，疏言：「定例額兵百人缺二，謂之'名糧'，為軍中公使錢。 惟繕治軍器、巡防路費，每不給於用。 馬兵不宜於東南，其在西北，十居其八，亦可量減。 藤牌兵全無實用。 擬於馬兵、藤牌兵內加增名糧，以備公用。」 廷議允行。 十二月，命如浙江勘海塘。 十六年，命勘永定河工。 又命如浙江按杭州將軍覺羅額爾登受賕狀。
In year 13 he followed Fu Heng against Jinchuan as commissioner with Grand Guardian rank. In year 14 he stayed behind to settle military accounts. He inspected troops in Yunnan, Huguang, and Henan and surveyed Jinsha copper routes. Shuhede said downstream copper moved freely but forty upstream rapids still required land haul. Governor Zhang Yunsui claimed both reaches open—false. Guyizhou commandant Ha Shangde sought to move the city after floods; Shuhede was sent to survey. Shuhede urged draining the city instead of relocating. In the tenth month he returned to War minister. In year 15 he wrote: Regulations allow two vacancies per hundred troops as name-ration funds for public army costs. Weapon repair and patrol costs often ran short. Cavalry suit the northwest, not the southeast, and could be trimmed. Rattan-shield troops were useless. He proposed raising name-ration pay in cavalry and rattan units. The court approved. In the twelfth month he surveyed the Jiangsu sea wall. In year 16 he inspected Yongding River works. He also went to Zhejiang on bribery charges against Hangzhou general Erden.
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十七年，命偕侍郎玉保赴北路軍防準噶爾。 十八年，以準噶爾內亂，撤防，召還。 命如江南塞銅山張家馬路河決。 時準噶爾達瓦齊復為台吉，所部杜爾伯特台吉車凌等來降。 準噶爾宰桑瑪木特，烏梁海得木齊扎木參、瑚圖克等追車凌，先後闌入北路卡倫。 上命舒赫德如鄂爾坤治軍事，而令侍郎玉保、前鋒統領努三、散秩大臣薩喇爾佐定邊左副將軍成袞扎布。 十九年春，舒赫德至軍，參贊大臣達清阿誘致瑪木特，將檻送京師，疏聞，上以瑪木特聞召即至，命釋使還。 既，薩喇爾、努三帥師出邊，獲扎木參、瑚圖克，舒赫德等復疏請檻送京師。 上以瑪木特誘致，扎木參等乃逐捕所得，事不同，責舒赫德謬誤，命以扎木參等囚置軍中。 軍中方傳達瓦齊遣其將扎努噶爾布以五千人犯邊。 成袞扎布等致書達瓦齊，言瑪木特、扎木參等以入邊被捕本末。 上以為太懦，諭舒赫德等。 上方以準噶爾內訌，將乘時收烏梁海，以薩喇爾本蒙古頭人，習邊事，將倚以招致。 舒赫德等疏言達瓦齊復為台吉，烏梁海等未易招致，令薩喇爾駐軍卓克索待後舉。 上責舒赫德畏怯，使薩喇爾掣肘。 蒙古貝勒額琳沁、公格勒克巴木丕勒以赴軍遷延得罪，舒赫德等疏言其至軍後奮勉，請贖罪。 上下詔責其舛謬，並及行文達瓦齊事，下部議奪官，得旨寬免。 上幸熱河，召舒赫德詣行在示方略。 旋解成袞扎布將軍以授策楞。
In year 17 he and Vice Minister Yubao guarded the northern route against Dzungars. In year 18 Dzungar unrest led to withdrawal and recall. He was sent to seal the Zhangjia Malu breach on Tongshan. Dawachi regained power; Torghut taiji Cheleng and others submitted. Zaisang Mamute and Wusunhai Demuqi Zhamcan and Hutuke chased Cheleng across the passes. Shuhede went to Erkun; Yubao, Nusan, and Saral aided Chengun Zhabu. In spring of year 19 Daqinga lured Mamute in; the court first ordered a cage cart, then released him when he came willingly. Later Saral and Nusan took Zhamcan and Hutuke; Shuhede again asked for cage carts. The Emperor said Mamute was lured but Zhamcan was captured in chase, rebuked Shuhede, and kept the prisoners in camp. Rumor said Dawachi sent Zanagarbu with five thousand to raid. Chengun Zhabu wrote Dawachi explaining the border arrests. The Emperor called it timid and lectured Shuhede. The court meant to recover Wusunhai and rely on Mongol chief Saral to win tribes. Shuhede said Dawachi revival made Wusunhai hard to win and told Saral to wait at Zhuokesuo. The Emperor scolded Shuhede for cowardice that tied Saral hands. Princes Elinqin and Gonggeleke Bambile were punished for delay; Shuhede asked mercy for zeal at the front. An edict rebuked them; stripping rank was recommended but waived. At Rehe the Emperor summoned Shuhede for strategy. He soon replaced Chengun Zhabu with Celeng as general.
35
七月，輝特台吉阿睦爾撒納來降。 舒赫德與策楞議留阿睦爾撒納及諸頭人軍中待命，以其孥移置蘇尼特。 阿睦爾撒納有兄為瑪木特所獲，乞資以行糧俾赴援，舒赫德不許。 是時上方欲倚阿睦爾撒納擒達瓦齊，事聞，上盛怒，詔罪狀策楞、舒赫德，略謂：「阿睦爾撒納初來降，乃以其眷屬移置戈壁南，相距數千里，使其父母妻子分析離居，失遠人歸附心。 準噶爾內亂，所部叩關內附，正可示以懷柔，永綏邊境。 策楞、舒赫德顛倒舛謬，至於此極！」 皆奪職，以閒散在參贊大臣上效力贖罪，並籍其家，罪及諸子。 二十年正月，上命阿睦爾撒納佐班第帥師討達瓦齊。 阿睦爾撒納請移游牧於烏里雅蘇台，上許之。 命領隊大臣兆惠駐軍於此，予舒赫德章京銜佐兆惠。 六月，師已定伊犁，諭曰：「策楞、舒赫德軍前效力，今大功已成，本欲施恩，開其自效。 策楞已予都統銜，駐軍巴里坤。 檢舒赫德筆札，雖無怨望語，乃效漢人習，日必記事作詩。 嗣宜痛自改悔，令仍以章京留烏里雅蘇台。」 上分準噶爾故地，本眾建諸侯意，四衛拉特各為汗。 阿睦爾撒納求為總統，上不許，遂叛。 其妻子在烏里雅蘇台，舒赫德偕兆惠收送京師。 二十一年，喀爾喀台吉青滾雜卜叛，驛道中梗。 會察哈爾兵數百送羊至，舒赫德留之，分佈諸台站，軍報乃通。 行邊至努兌木倫，護厄魯特人。 掠馬者烏梁海人入邊，竄匿俄羅斯，馳檄往索。 上嘉其治事尚協機宜，召還，授正黃旗漢軍副都統。
In the seventh month Amursana submitted. Shuhede and Celeng kept Amursana in camp and moved his kin to Sunite. Amursana brother was Mamute prisoner; he begged grain to rescue; Shuhede refused. The Emperor wanted Amursana to catch Dawachi; he raged at moving Amursana kin far south and breaking their hearts. Dzungar strife offered a chance to win tribes by kindness forever. Celeng and Shuhede got everything backwards! Both lost office, served as penitents, and their property and sons suffered. In the first month of year 20 Amursana was told to aid Bandi against Dawachi. Amursana moved herds to Uliassutai with permission. Zhaohui garrisoned there; Shuhede assisted as clerk. In the sixth month, after Ili fell, an edict noted their front service. Celeng already held commandant rank at Barkul. Shuhede letters showed no complaint but Han-style diaries and poetry. He was told to repent and stay a clerk at Uliassutai. The Emperor split Dzungar lands among Four Oirat khans. Amursana sought overall rule, was refused, and rebelled. His family at Uliassutai was sent to court by Shuhede and Zhaohui. In year 21 Qinggun Zhabu rebelled and posts were cut. Chahar sheep convoys arrived; Shuhede posted them along relays and restored reports. On the Nuoduimulun line he protected Eleuth subjects. Wusunhai horse thieves fled to Russia; he demanded them back. The Emperor praised his sense of occasion, recalled him, and made him Plain Yellow Chinese deputy lieutenant-general.
36
二十二年正月，上命成袞扎佈為定邊將軍，逐捕阿睦爾撒納，授舒赫德參贊大臣。 尋擢兵部尚書，兼鑲黃旗漢軍都統。 三月，以舒赫德在軍獨具疏奏事，責其放縱，罷尚書。 七月，疏請防範沙喇斯游牧內移，上斥其藉作歸計，嚴諭申戒。 十二月，上以成袞扎布師久無功，詔罪狀舒赫德，略言：「舒赫德起自廢籍，初赴軍授方略，令傳諭成袞扎布，並戒其毋更恇怯。 乃至軍後，諸事皆失機宜。 即如招服克哷特、烏魯特等游牧，當收其馬以佐軍； 乃任令屯駐山中，致兵過复叛。 及朕有旨詰責，始東遮西露，往來道途，疲馬力於無用之地。 舉此一端，可見諸事皆無成算。 此實舒赫德未將朕旨宣示成袞扎布之所致也。 舒赫德罪不勝誅，朕念成袞扎布去年擒青滾雜卜之功，貰舒赫德以不死。 今奪職為兵，從軍贖罪。」
In the first month of year 22 Chengun Zhabu pursued Amursana; Shuhede became commissioner. He soon became War minister and Bordered Yellow Chinese lieutenant-general. In the third month solo memorials from camp cost him the ministry. In the seventh month a memorial on Sharas nomads was read as wanting to quit; he was warned sharply. In the twelfth month an edict blamed Shuhede for Chengun Zhabu failures despite early instructions. At the front he missed every chance. Winning Kepite and Ulute nomads he should have taken their horses; instead he let them stay in hills and they rebelled after troops passed. Only after imperial rebuke did he dodge about, wasting horses on useless marches. That alone showed he planned nothing. It came of not passing the imperial will to Chengun Zhabu. He deserved death; Chengun Zhabu merit spared him. He was cut to soldier rank to redeem guilt in camp."
37
二十三年，予頭等侍衛銜，駐阿克蘇。 十月，將軍兆惠逐捕霍集占，深入被圍。 命定邊右副將軍富德往援，授舒赫德參贊大臣，會於巴爾楚克。 舒赫德以阿克蘇通葉爾羌、喀什噶爾要隘，當設卡倫。 上嘉之，擢吏部侍郎，遷工部尚書、鑲紅旗滿洲都統，賜孔雀翎。 十二月，簡阿克蘇銳卒、諸路兵先至者馳援兆惠。 二十四年正月，與富德合軍解兆惠圍，予雲騎尉世職。 七月，命移駐葉爾羌，旋命仍駐阿克蘇。 先後奏定回城賦稅，台站酌設伯克，阿克蘇鑄騰格，以四存公，六畀回人。 阿克蘇、庫車、哈喇沙爾、烏什、和闐置文武吏。 皆得旨議行。 尋以回部平，圖形紫光閣。 二十八年，加太子太保。
In year 23 he received first-class bodyguard rank and garrisoned Aksu. In the tenth month Zhaohui pursued Khoja Jihan deep and was trapped. Fude was sent to relieve him; Shuhede met him at Barchuq. Shuhede said Aksu guarded the Yarkand and Kashgar road and needed posts. The Emperor praised him, made him Personnel vice minister, then Works minister with a peacock plume. In the twelfth month he rushed Aksu elites to Zhaohui. In the first month of year 24 he and Fude broke the siege and won a hereditary Cloud Cavalry Captaincy. In the seventh month he was shifted to Yarkand, then kept at Aksu. He fixed Muslim tribute, relay begs, and Aksu coin with four parts public and six for locals. Civil and military officers were placed at Aksu, Kucha, Karashar, Ush, and Khotan. All were approved by edict. When the Muslim west was pacified his portrait joined Purple Splendor. In year 28 he became Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent.
38
二十九年，命如福建按提督黃仕簡劾廈門洋行陋規，總督楊廷璋以下皆得罪，語詳廷璋傳。 三十一年，署陝甘總督，旋署戶部尚書。 三十二年，如湖南北讞獄。 三十三年，將軍明瑞徵緬甸，敗績，死之。 上命大學士傅恆為經略，授舒赫德參贊大臣，先赴雲南籌畫進軍。 舒赫德密疏議巡，忤上旨。 下部議奪官，並削雲騎尉世職，命以都統銜參贊大臣，出駐烏什。
In year 29 he investigated Xiamen trade abuses; Yang Tingzhang and others fell. In year 31 he acted as Shaan-Gan governor-general, then Revenue minister. In year 32 he tried Hunan and Hubei cases. In year 33 Ming Rui campaigned in Burma and died in defeat. Fu Heng took command; Shuhede went first to Yunnan to plan. Shuhede secretly urged peace against the throne. Stripping rank was recommended; he served as commandant commissioner at Ush.
39
三十六年，土爾扈特汗渥巴錫等自俄羅斯來歸，眾疑其偽降，舒赫德力白無他志，命如伊犁宣撫，尋授伊犁將軍。 十一月，授戶部尚書。 三十八年，加太子太保，授武英殿大學士。 九月，命如江南監黃河老壩口堤工。 壽張民王倫叛，破臨清，命督師進剿，克之，倫自燔死。 賜雙眼孔雀翎，复予雲騎尉世職，賚貂冠、黑狐褂。 四十一年，金川平，圖形紫光閣。 初，舒赫德為伊犁將軍，子舒寧在京杖斃二奴，得罪，上命發伊犁交舒赫德約束。 及是，又以爭煤礦為山東民所訟，舒赫德縛舒寧送刑部，疏請罪。 下部議奪官，命寬之。 四十二年四月，卒，贈太保，諡文襄，祀賢良祠。
In year 36 Ubashi returned from Russia; Shuhede vouched for him and pacified Ili as general. In the eleventh month he became Revenue minister. In year 38 he became Grand Guardian and Military Glory grand secretary. In the ninth month he supervised Laobaokou Yellow River dikes in Jiangnan. Wang Lun rebelled at Shouzhang and took Linqing; Shuhede crushed him and Lun burned himself. He received double-eyed peacock plume, restored Cloud Cavalry Captaincy, sable cap, and black fox jacket. In year 41 his portrait was placed in Purple Splendor after Jinchuan peace. When Shuhede was Ili general, his son Shuning killed two slaves in Beijing and was sent to Ili for his father to discipline. He was also sued in Shandong over a coal mine; Shuhede sent Shuning to Punishments and asked for sentence. Stripping rank was recommended; the throne was lenient. In the fourth month of year 42 he died; posthumous Grand Tutor Wenxiang; enshrined among worthy ministers.
40
子舒常，始為侍衛。 舒赫德議移置阿睦爾撒納妻子得罪，舒常亦奪官，發黑龍江披甲。 及舒赫德召還為副都統，授舒常三等侍衛。 舒赫德以佐成袞扎布無功再得罪，舒常復發黑龍江。 乾隆二十三年二月，命釋還。 累遷至鑲藍旗護軍統領。 三十七年，將軍溫福徵金川，授參贊大臣。 金川平，圖形紫光閣，與舒赫德父子並列前五十功臣。 舒赫德卒，令還京治喪，授工部侍郎。 出為貴州巡撫，遷湖廣、兩廣總督。 入為工部尚書。 復出署江西巡撫，復為湖廣總督。 荊州漢水決，奪官，授一等侍衛。 擢都察院左都御史，改鑲黃旗蒙古都統。 嘉慶初，署刑、兵二部尚書。 卒，諡恪靖。
His son Shuchang started in the guards. When Shuhede fell for moving Amursana family, Shuchang lost rank and went to Heilongjiang as a soldier. When Shuhede returned as deputy lieutenant-general, Shuchang became third-class bodyguard. When Shuhede failed again with Chengun Zhabu, Shuchang went back to Heilongjiang. In the second month of Qianlong 23 he was released and returned. He rose to commandant of the Bordered Blue Banner guards. In year 37, during Wen Fu Jinchuan campaign, he became commissioner. When Jinchuan fell his portrait joined Purple Splendor among the first fifty ministers with Shuhede and son. At Shuhede death he returned to mourn and became Works vice minister. He served as Guizhou governor, then Huguang and Liangguang governor-general. He became Works minister in the capital. He acted as Jiangxi governor, then Huguang governor-general again. After the Jingzhou Han River breach he lost rank and became first-class bodyguard. He became left censor-in-chief, then Bordered Yellow Mongol lieutenant-general. Early in Jiaqing he acted as Punishments and War minister. He died and was given the posthumous name Kejing.
41
論曰：兆惠再就圍中受爵，得援師克竟其功； 而為之援者，前則雅爾哈善，後則富德，顧坐法不克有終。 訥親之誅也，高宗謂策楞、達爾黨阿皆愧奮，阿里袞獨內疑，遇事畏葸。 然策楞、達爾黨阿先後僨事奪封，阿里袞以戰閥承世祚，豐升額繼之，慶延於後嗣。 舒赫德初為御史有直聲，後出視軍，高宗屢言其懦，再被譴謫，終致台司。 功名始終之際，蓋亦有天焉。 然其要必歸於忠謹，茲非彰彰可睹歟？
The historians say: Zhaohui was enfeoffed twice from within a siege and finished the war once relief came; yet Yarhashan before and Fude after both broke the law and could not finish. At Neqin death Gaozong said Celeng and Dardanga fought ashamed while Ali Gun alone doubted and shrank. Celeng and Dardanga lost their titles in failure; Ali Gun kept martial honors through Fengshengge to later heirs. Shuhede began blunt as censor, was often called timid on campaign, punished twice, yet reached the highest offices. Fortune turning at the end seems heaven work too. Yet loyalty and prudence are plainly the heart of it—is that not clear?