1
=開泰=開泰，烏雅氏，滿洲正黃旗人。 雍正二年進士，改庶吉士，授編修。 九年，遷侍講。 上御門，開泰未入侍班，黜令乾清門行走。 十三年，复編修。 乾隆元年，遷國子監司業。 八年，遷祭酒。 督江蘇學政。 再遷內閣學士。 三遷兵部侍郎，仍留學政任。 十年，授湖北巡撫。 疏言：「社倉較常平尤近於民，而弊亦易滋。 湖北社倉穀麥五十二萬石有奇，散在諸鄉，恐多虧缺。 應飭道府按部所至，便宜抽驗。」 調江西。 十三年，又調湖南。 疏言：「戶部諮各省常平倉穀，以雍正舊額為準。 湖南溢額穀五十五萬餘石，令糶價儲庫。 臣維雍正舊額七十餘萬石。 湖南夙稱產米，乾隆二年至八年，諸省赴湖南購米，先後計百七十五萬有奇。 中間又撥運福建、江蘇。 若盡糶溢額之穀，遇本省需用或鄰疆告糴，必致倉儲缺額，買補不易。」 疏上，以留心積貯嘉之。 十五年，有壽掄元者，自言南河同知，赴湖南採木，布政使孫灝諭永州府為料理。 尋得其詐偽狀，開泰以聞，但言灝殊為未諳。 上以灝瞻徇，何得但言未諳，知為開泰門生，斥其徇庇，下吏部嚴議，議奪官，命留任。 尋調貴州。 十八年，疏言：「古州募軍屯田，戶上田六畝，中田八畝，下田十畝。 今食指日多，生計艱難，請準屯戶入伍充兵。」 許之。 擢湖廣總督，加太子少傅。
Kai Tai, of the Uya clan, belonged to the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. He took his jinshi in Yongzheng 2, entered the Hanlin as a probationer, and was appointed a compiler. In the ninth year he was promoted to expositor. When the emperor held audience at the Gate, Kai Tai had failed to take his place in the attendance roster and was demoted to duty at the Gate of Heavenly Purity. In the thirteenth year he was reappointed compiler. In Qianlong 1 he was promoted to vice-director of the Imperial Academy. In the eighth year he was promoted to chancellor of the Academy. He served as educational commissioner of Jiangsu. He was next promoted to Grand Secretariat academician. He was then promoted to vice minister of War but kept his educational commission. In the tenth year he was appointed governor of Hubei. He submitted a memorial stating: "Community granaries lie even closer to the people than ever-normal granaries, but malfeasance also spreads more easily. Hubei's community granaries hold over five hundred twenty thousand piculs of grain and wheat, dispersed among the townships, and I fear many shortfalls. Circuit and prefectural officials should be instructed to conduct spot checks wherever their inspections take them." He was then transferred to Jiangxi. In the thirteenth year he was transferred to Hunan. He memorialized: "The Board of Revenue has asked each province to report on ever-normal granary stocks, using the Yongzheng quota as the standard. Hunan's surplus exceeds five hundred fifty thousand piculs, and the province has been ordered to sell it and deposit the proceeds in the treasury. I maintain that the Yongzheng quota was over seven hundred thousand piculs. Hunan has long been known as a rice-producing region; from Qianlong 2 through 8 other provinces purchased rice there, totaling more than one million seven hundred fifty thousand piculs. In the meantime grain was also requisitioned and shipped to Fujian and Jiangsu. If all surplus grain is sold, whenever the province itself needs grain or neighboring regions request relief, stores will fall below quota and be hard to replenish." The emperor commended him for his care in maintaining grain reserves. In the fifteenth year a man named Shou Lunyuan claimed to be sub-prefect of the Southern Rivers and came to Hunan to procure timber; provincial treasurer Sun Hao instructed Yongzhou prefecture to assist him. His imposture was soon uncovered; Kai Tai reported it to the throne but merely said that Hao had been quite naive. The emperor said Hao had shown favoritism and asked how Kai Tai could dismiss it as mere ignorance; learning that Hao was Kai Tai's protégé, he rebuked Kai Tai for shielding him. The Board of Civil Appointments recommended stripping his rank, but the emperor allowed him to remain in office. He was soon transferred to Guizhou. In the eighteenth year he memorialized: "At Guzhou recruited soldiers farm garrison lands on a graded basis—six mu per household on top-grade fields, eight on middle-grade, ten on lower-grade. As dependents multiply and livelihoods grow harder, I ask that garrison households be allowed to enlist as regular troops." The request was approved. He was promoted to governor-general of Huguang and given the additional title Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent.
2
二十年，調四川。 金川土司莎羅奔與革布什咱土司色楞敦多布初為婚媾，繼乃相怨構兵。 旁近綽斯甲布、鄂克什、雜穀、巴旺、丹壩、明正、章谷、小金川諸土司皆不直莎羅奔。 二十三年，莎羅奔攻吉地。 吉地，色楞敦多布所居寨也。 開泰與提督岳鍾琪檄游擊楊青、都司夏尚德等率兵分屯章谷、泰宁，令鄂克什、雜穀援革布什咱，攻金川，莎羅奔引退。 尋復攻破吉地，色楞敦多布走泰宁求援，開泰复檄諸土司出兵助之，調雜穀土練千人分屯丹壩、章谷、泰宁，發黎、雅、峨邊兵屯打箭爐，諭郎卡撤兵。 郎卡，莎羅奔從子，為副酋，主兵事者也。 事聞，上謂：「番目相攻，於打箭爐何與？」 疑郎卡擾邊，命開泰具實覆奏。 開泰尋疏報章谷、巴旺土兵擊敗金川，莎羅奔焚吉地走，盡复革布什咱境，留綽斯甲布、明正兩土司兵分守之，使色楞敦多布歸寨。 上諭曰：「番民挾仇攻擊，不必繩以內地官法。 宜以番攻番，處以靜鎮。」 旋加太子太保。 二十四年，松潘鎮總兵楊朝棟入覲，開泰與鍾琪奏朝棟衰老，難期勝任。 上責開泰何以不先奏，下吏部議，奪官，命仍留任。
In the twentieth year he was transferred to Sichuan. Jinchuan chieftain Slob Dpon and Gebushizan chieftain Selenduobu were initially linked by marriage, but later fell out and went to war. Neighboring chieftains of Zhuosijia, Eke Shi, Zagu, Bawang, Danba, Mingzheng, Zhanggu, and Lesser Jinchuan all took sides against Slob Dpon. In the twenty-third year Slob Dpon attacked Jidi. Jidi was the stockade where Selenduobu lived. Kai Tai and provincial commander Yue Zhongqi ordered battalion commander Yang Qing, brigade commander Xia Shangde, and others to station troops at Zhanggu and Taining, sent Eke Shi and Zagu to aid Gebushizan against Jinchuan, and Slob Dpon retreated. Jidi fell again soon afterward; Selenduobu fled to Taining for help. Kai Tai again ordered the chieftains to send troops, deployed a thousand Zagu militiamen at Danba, Zhanggu, and Taining, posted troops from Li, Ya, and Ebian at Dajianlu, and instructed Lang Ka to withdraw. Lang Ka was Slob Dpon's nephew, served as deputy chieftain, and directed military affairs. When word reached the throne, the emperor said: "When native chiefs fight among themselves, what business is that of Dajianlu?" Suspecting Lang Ka of harassing the frontier, he ordered Kai Tai to submit a full factual report. Kai Tai soon reported that Zhanggu and Bawang forces had defeated Jinchuan; Slob Dpon burned Jidi and fled; Gebushizan territory was fully recovered; Zhuosijia and Mingzheng troops were left to garrison it; and Selenduobu was restored to his stockade. The emperor instructed: "When native tribesmen attack one another over old grudges, there is no need to apply the laws of the interior provinces. Let natives fight natives and handle the matter with calm restraint." He was soon given the additional title Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. In the twenty-fourth year Songpan garrison commander Yang Chaodong came to court; Kai Tai and Zhongqi reported that he was too old to be relied upon for duty. The emperor rebuked Kai Tai for not having reported this sooner; the Board recommended stripping his rank, but the emperor allowed him to remain in office.
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二十七年，莎羅奔死，郎卡應襲。 例，土司承襲，鄰封諸土司具結。 開泰以郎卡與諸土司皆不協，令毋取結，疏聞，上許之，命嚴諭郎卡知恩守法。 未幾，郎卡侵丹壩，取所屬瑪讓，開泰檄綽斯甲布往援，使守備溫欽等赴金川詰責。 上諭曰：「郎卡狼子野心，即使詰責伏罪，豈肯永守約束？ 諸土司援兵既集，能協力剿除，分據其地，轉可相安； 若諸部不能並力剿除，而郎卡怙惡不悛，亦非開泰、岳鍾琪四川綠營兵能任其事，應臨時奏請進止。」 二十八年六月，開泰奏九土司大舉擊破金川。 上聞郎卡使人詣成都，開泰許進謁，撫慰之，而陰令九土司進兵，諭曰：「郎卡於綽斯甲布等屢肆欺凌，眾土司合力報復。 開泰既聞其事，惟應明白宣示，諭令悉銳往攻； 而於郎卡來人嚴為拒絕，且諭以爾結怨鄰境，誰肯甘心？ 斷不能曲為庇護。 如此，則郎卡既不敢逞強，綽斯甲布等亦可洩忿。 乃既用譎以籠絡郎卡，又隱為各土司援助，郎卡素狡黠，豈能掩其耳目？ 殊非駕馭邊夷之道。」 命奪官，以頭等侍衛赴伊犁辦事。 尋卒。
In the twenty-seventh year Slob Dpon died and Lang Ka was due to inherit the chieftaincy. By precedent, when a native chieftain succeeds, neighboring chieftains must submit joint attestations. Because Lang Ka was at odds with all the neighboring chieftains, Kai Tai waived the attestations; the emperor approved and ordered Lang Ka sternly reminded to show gratitude and obey the law. Before long Lang Ka invaded Danba and seized its dependency Marang; Kai Tai ordered Zhuosijia to relieve Danba and sent garrison commandant Wen Qin and others to Jinchuan to rebuke him. The emperor instructed: "Lang Ka is treacherous by nature; even if rebuked into submission, how could he be trusted to keep his word forever? If the chieftains' relief forces are already assembled and can join to destroy him and divide his territory among themselves, the region may yet be pacified; if the tribes cannot combine to destroy him and Lang Ka persists in his wickedness, neither Kai Tai nor Yue Zhongqi's Sichuan Green Standard troops can handle the matter—you should memorialize when the time comes for instructions on how to proceed." In the sixth month of the twenty-eighth year Kai Tai reported that nine chieftains had launched a major campaign and defeated Jinchuan. The emperor learned that Lang Ka had sent envoys to Chengdu; Kai Tai received them and offered reassurance while secretly ordering the nine chieftains to advance. He instructed: "Lang Ka has repeatedly bullied Zhuosijia and others; the chieftains are joining forces to retaliate. Once Kai Tai heard of this, he should have declared openly and ordered them to attack with full force; and toward Lang Ka's envoys he should have refused them firmly, saying: You have made enemies of your neighbors—who will bear that gladly? I certainly cannot bend the rules to shield you. That way Lang Ka would not dare act aggressively, and Zhuosijia and the others could also vent their grievances. Instead he used deceit to win Lang Ka over while secretly aiding the chieftains—Lang Ka has always been cunning; how could he fail to see through it? This is far from the proper way to manage frontier tribes." He was stripped of rank and sent to Yili as a first-class imperial bodyguard on assignment. He died soon afterward.
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=阿爾泰=阿爾泰，伊爾根覺羅氏，滿洲正黃旗人。 雍正間，以副榜貢生授宗人府筆帖式。 乾隆中，屢遷至山東巡撫。 以山東產山綢，疏請令民間就山坡隙地廣植桲欏，免其昇科。 歲大水，阿爾泰先後濬兗州、沂州支渠三十有九，曹州、單縣順堤河二百餘裡； 培南旺、蜀山湖民埝； 導章丘珍珠、麻塘二泉，新城五龍河溉民田； 並及高苑、博興、惠民諸縣近水地，皆令蓺稻。 築洸河堤至於馬場湖，以衛濟寧州城，析白馬湖引入獨山湖以疏泗水，開汶上稻田數百頃。 濟東諸州縣瀕徒駭、馬頰兩河，支流相貫注，及哨馬營、四女寺支河，皆次第疏治。 濬衛河自德州至於館陶凡三百餘裡。 洩壽張積水自沙、趙二河入運，洩東平積水入會泉、大清諸河，洩濟南、東昌諸州縣積水。 開支河三十餘，循官道為壕，引水自壕入支河，自支河入徒駭、大清諸河。 漳、汶合流，開引河，增子埝，以防盛漲。 阿爾泰撫山東七年，治水利有績，擢四川總督，加太子太保。
Aertai, of the Irgen Gioro clan, belonged to the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner. During the Yongzheng reign, as a tribute student from the supplementary list he was appointed a clerk of the Imperial Clan Court. Under Qianlong he rose through repeated promotions until he became governor of Shandong. Because Shandong produces mountain silk, he memorialized asking that people be allowed to plant mulberry widely on hillside plots and be exempted from added land tax. In a year of severe flooding, Aertai dredged thirty-nine branch canals in Yanzhou and Yizhou and more than two hundred li of embankment channels in Caozhou and Shan County; he strengthened civilian dikes at Nanwang and Shushan Lake; he channeled the Zhenzhu and Matang springs of Zhangqiu and the Wulong River of Xincheng to irrigate farmland; and in Gaoyuan, Boxing, Huimin, and other water-adjacent counties he ordered rice cultivation throughout. He built Guang River dikes as far as Machang Lake to protect Jining city, diverted Baima Lake into Dushan Lake to relieve the Si River, and opened several hundred qing of paddy in Wenshang. In eastern Ji prefectures along the Tuhai and Majia rivers, where tributaries interlinked, and at branch rivers such as Shaomaying and Sinü Temple, dredging was carried out in turn. He dredged more than three hundred li of the Wei River from Dezhou to Guantao. He drained Shouzhang's floodwater through the Sha and Zhao rivers into the Grand Canal, Dongping's into the Huiquan and Daqing rivers, and floodwater across Jinan, Dongchang, and other prefectures. He opened more than thirty branch channels, dug ditches along official roads, and led water from ditches into branch rivers and then into the Tuhai, Daqing, and other rivers. Where the Zhang and Wen rivers met, he opened diversion channels and added subsidiary dikes against sudden floods. After seven years governing Shandong with notable achievements in water control, Aertai was promoted to governor-general of Sichuan and given the additional title Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent.
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阿爾泰至四川，議平治道路：陸道北訖廣元，西達松潘，東抵夔州，護其傾欹，補其缺落，兼葺大渡河瀘定橋； 水道自萬縣入湖廣境，鑿治險灘凡一百有奇。 議以牧廠餘地招佃為田。 議置義倉，捐穀千餘石以倡。 議開南川金佛山磺礦。 議築都江大堰。 議松潘、雜穀、打箭爐三廳置倉儲麥稞，備邊儲。 上皆從其請。
On reaching Sichuan, Aertai proposed repairing the road network: overland routes north to Guangyuan, west to Songpan, and east to Kuizhou, shoring up tilting sections and filling gaps, and also repairing the Luding Bridge on the Dadu River; along the water route from Wan County into Huguang, more than a hundred dangerous shoals were cleared. He proposed recruiting tenants to farm unused pasture lands. He proposed establishing charity granaries and donated more than a thousand piculs of grain to lead by example. He proposed opening the sulfur mines at Jinfo Mountain in Nanchuan. He proposed repairing the great Dujiangyan irrigation works. He proposed that the frontier offices of Songpan, Zagu, and Dajianlu establish granaries for barley and grain as border reserves. The emperor approved all his proposals.
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初，徵金川，以頭人郎卡出降，罷兵。 三十一年，復為亂，掠丹壩、巴旺。 阿爾泰策以番攻番，令旁近綽斯甲布諸土司攻之。 秋出行邊，至雜穀腦。 郎卡使請還所侵丹壩碉卡。 復與提督董天弼進至康巴達，郎卡出謁，阿爾泰許如所請，並畀以新印。 疏聞，上戒毋遷就苟安。 三十五年，小金川頭人僧格桑掠鄂克什，阿爾泰赴達木巴宗，僧格桑出謁，還侵地。 尋授武英殿大學士，仍領總督。 三十六年，召還京，入閣治事。 既，復令出領總督。 金川頭人索諾木攻革布什咱，僧格桑亦圍達木巴宗，侵明正土司。 阿爾泰疏言：「兩金川相比，如議出師，需兵既多，糜餉亦鉅。 茲令董天弼臨之以兵，仍使游擊宋元俊宣諭索諾木。」 上責阿爾泰議非是，決策用兵，令定邊右副將軍溫福視師，佐以侍郎桂林，諭斥阿爾泰掩飾偷安，奪大學士、總督，留軍治餉，以桂林代為總督。 師克約咱，上以阿爾泰鑄大砲利軍行，予散秩大臣銜。
Earlier, during the campaign against Jinchuan, when chieftain Lang Ka surrendered, the army was withdrawn. In the thirty-first year he rebelled again and raided Danba and Bawang. Aertai adopted the strategy of letting natives fight natives and ordered neighboring Zhuosijia and other chieftains to attack him. That autumn he toured the frontier as far as Zagunao. Lang Ka sent envoys asking that the Danba blockhouses he had seized be returned. He advanced again with provincial commander Dong Tianbi to Kangbada; Lang Ka came out to pay his respects; Aertai granted his request and presented him with a new seal. When he reported this, the emperor warned him not to settle for a temporary peace at the cost of principle. In the thirty-fifth year Lesser Jinchuan chieftain Senggesang raided Eke Shi; Aertai went to Damubazong; Senggesang came out to pay his respects and returned the seized lands. He was soon appointed grand secretary of the Hall of Military Glory while continuing as governor-general. In the thirty-sixth year he was recalled to the capital to serve in the Grand Council. Soon afterward he was again sent out to resume the governorship. Jinchuan chieftain Suonuomu attacked Gebushizan; Senggesang also besieged Damubazong and invaded the Mingzheng chieftaincy. Aertai memorialized: "The two Jinchuans border each other; if a campaign is proposed, it will require large forces and enormous supplies. I now order Dong Tianbi to press him with troops while battalion commander Song Yuanjun is sent to proclaim the imperial will to Suonuomu." The emperor rejected Aertai's proposal, decided to use force, appointed Pacification Commissioner on the Right Wen Fu to command the campaign with Vice Minister Guilin as his deputy, rebuked Aertai for covering up problems and seeking an easy peace, stripped him of his grand secretary and governor-general posts, kept him with the army to manage supplies, and replaced him with Guilin as governor-general. When the army captured Yozai, the emperor credited Aertai's cast cannon with aiding the campaign and granted him minister-without-portfolio rank.
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三十七年，與總兵宋元俊劾桂林覆軍諱敗，上為罷桂林，即命阿爾泰攝總督。 俄移督湖廣。 阿爾泰疏言：「各路轉餉，當招商承運。 西路去內地近，南路山險途長，商不肯應募，當增運值。 火藥已運罄，當令雲南、陝西協助。」 上謂：「阿爾泰專領轉餉，何不早籌畫？ 今福隆安、阿桂皆至南路，始以一奏塞責。」 命毋往湖廣，仍以散秩大臣留軍督餉。 未幾，阿桂疏言軍至卡丫，無五日之糧； 又言綽斯甲布轉餉將一月猶未至。 阿爾泰亦自陳請奪職從軍。 上責其倚老負恩，始終不肯以國事為念，命逮問。
In the thirty-seventh year he and regional commander Song Yuanjun impeached Guilin for annihilating his force and concealing defeat; the emperor dismissed Guilin and immediately had Aertai act as governor. He was soon transferred to govern Huguang. Aertai memorialized: "Supply transport on all routes should be contracted to merchants. The western route lies close to the interior, but the southern route is mountainous, dangerous, and long, and merchants will not volunteer—transport fees must be raised. Gunpowder supplies have run out in transit; Yunnan and Shaanxi should be ordered to assist." The emperor said: "Aertai was put solely in charge of supply transport—why did he not plan ahead? Only now that Fulunga and Agui have both reached the southern route does he submit a memorial merely to cover himself." He was ordered not to proceed to Huguang but to remain with the army as minister without portfolio supervising supplies. Before long Agui reported that when the army reached Kayia it had less than five days' grain; he also reported that Zhuosijia's supply transport had been underway for nearly a month without arriving. Aertai also volunteered to be stripped of rank and serve with the army. The emperor rebuked him for relying on his age and betraying imperial favor, never putting state affairs first, and ordered his arrest.
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阿爾泰初至四川，上以天壇立燈竿，下四川求楠木。 阿爾泰附運木材以進，言出養廉採獻。 既乃私語人，謂他日且以此負累。 語聞上，上心慊之。 至是，詔罪狀阿爾泰，猶及此事，斥為昧良飾詐。 川東道托隆入見，發阿爾泰贓私，下繼任總督富勒渾嚴鞫。 三十八年，獄具，擬斬，上命賜自盡。
When Aertai first reached Sichuan, the emperor had lamp poles erected at the Temple of Heaven and ordered Sichuan to supply nanmu timber. Aertai forwarded timber with his transport and said it had been procured from his integrity stipend for presentation. Afterward he privately told others that one day this would come back to haunt him. When word reached the emperor, he took offense. At this point the edict listing Aertai's crimes still cited this incident and denounced him as ungrateful and deceitful. Eastern Sichuan circuit intendant Tuo Long came to court and exposed Aertai's corruption; succeeding governor Fulehun was ordered to conduct a strict investigation. In the thirty-eighth year the case was concluded; decapitation was recommended, but the emperor ordered him granted suicide.
9
=桂林=桂林，伊爾根覺羅氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人，兩廣總督鶴年子。 桂林自廩生入貲為工部主事。 累遷山西按察使。 乾隆三十六年三月，擢戶部侍郎、軍機處行走。 九月，命佐定邊右副將軍溫福討金川。 十一月，授四川總督。 小金川頭人在卡外投文餽土宜，桂林卻不受，檄罪狀其酋僧格桑。 旋督兵收約咱，進克其東山梁大小碉五、石卡二十餘。 疏請添調黔、陝兵五千益師，上許益陝、甘兵三千。 桂林旋督總兵宋元俊攻卡丫，進據墨爾多山梁。 上嘉其措置合宜，手詔謂：「無意中用汝，竟能得力。 亦賴在軍機處半年，日耹朕訓也。」
Guilin, of the Irgen Gioro clan, belonged to the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner and was the son of Huguang governor-general Henian. Guilin purchased office as a secretary in the Ministry of Works from his status as a granary student. He rose through repeated promotions until he became provincial judge of Shanxi. In the third month of Qianlong 36 he was promoted to vice minister of Revenue and assigned to the Grand Council. In the ninth month he was ordered to assist Pacification Commissioner on the Right Wen Fu against Jinchuan. In the eleventh month he was appointed governor-general of Sichuan. A Lesser Jinchuan chieftain outside the pass submitted a letter and local tribute; Guilin refused them and issued a proclamation listing chieftain Senggesang's crimes. He soon directed troops to recover Yozai and advanced to capture five blockhouses and more than twenty stone forts on its eastern ridge. He memorialized requesting five thousand additional troops from Guizhou and Shaanxi; the emperor approved three thousand from Shaanxi and Gansu. Guilin soon directed regional commander Song Yuanjun to attack Kayia and advanced to occupy the Moerduo ridge. The emperor praised his arrangements and wrote in his own hand: "I appointed you almost by chance, yet you have proved effective. That also owes to half a year in the Grand Council, hearing my instruction every day."
10
三十七年，克卡丫，复破克郭松、甲木、噶爾金。 進克噶爾金後山梁，分兵攻東山梁，襲阿仰，自墨壟溝進取達烏圍。 是時大金川酋索諾木攻陷革布什咱，屯兵其地。 桂林議乘索諾木兵力未備、革布什咱人心未定，與元俊分兵五道並進，並約將軍溫福合擊，密令革布什咱降酋旺勒丹等約其戚加琿爾為內應，遂收革布什咱寨落七十餘裡。 旋令元俊及守備陳定國率綽斯甲布土兵屯甲爾壟壩，進攻默資溝、吉地，斷其水道，進攻丹東。 上獎桂林甚合機宜，促元俊乘勝深入取索諾木。
In the thirty-seventh year Kayia was captured and Guosong, Jiamu, and Ga'erjin were recovered. He advanced to take the rear ridge of Ga'erjin, divided his forces to attack the eastern ridge, raided Ayang, and advanced from Molong Gully to take Dawuwei. At this time Greater Jinchuan chieftain Suonuomu had overrun Gebushizan and stationed troops there. Guilin proposed striking while Suonuomu's forces were unprepared and Gebushizan loyalties unsettled; he and Yuanjun advanced in five columns, coordinated with General Wen Fu for a joint attack, and secretly ordered surrendered chieftain Wangleidan to arrange inside support through his kinsman Jiahuer, recovering more than seventy li of Gebushizan stockades. He soon ordered Yuanjun and garrison commandant Chen Dingguo to lead Zhuosijia troops to garrison at Jia'erlongba, attack Mozigou and Jidi, cut enemy water supplies, and advance on Dandong. The emperor praised Guilin's timing and urged Yuanjun to press the victory and capture Suonuomu.
11
桂林遣裨將自東山梁墨壟溝越嶺進攻，別遣兵出間道，自札哇窠山梁縋崖設伏師。 既度東山梁墨壟溝，札哇窠伏兵亦起，賊敗竄，克大碉一、石卡二十一。 別遣參將常泰環攻黨哩，都司李天貴等攻沙沖，革布什咱頭人為內應，賊盡殲。 黨哩、沙沖地並復。 總兵英泰等復攻克達烏官寨。 上嘉其功，賜御用玉韘。 再進攻克格烏巴桑及那隆山嶺。 元俊別攻克丹東及覺拉喇嘛寺，誅賊渠三百、番眾百三十餘。 革布什咱地盡复，桂林檄定國將所調綽斯甲布兵駐界上聽調。 上以革布什咱既复，正當乘勝進剿金川，攻其無備，責桂林失算。
Guilin sent a deputy general from the eastern ridge over Molong Gully to attack across the pass, and separately sent troops by a hidden route to lower ropes from Zhawake Ridge and set an ambush. Once they crossed the eastern ridge and Molong Gully, the Zhawake ambush struck as well; the rebels were routed; one large blockhouse and twenty-one stone forts were captured. He separately sent colonel Chang Tai to encircle Dangli and brigade commander Li Tiangui and others to attack Shachong; Gebushizan chieftains served as inside allies and the rebels were annihilated. The territories of Dangli and Shachong were also recovered. Regional commander Ying Tai and others again captured the Dawu official stockade. The emperor praised his achievement and bestowed an imperial jade archer's ring. Advancing again, he captured Gewubasang and the Nalong ridge. Yuanjun separately captured Dandong and the Juela Lama Temple, executing three hundred rebel leaders and more than one hundred thirty tribesmen. Gebushizan territory was fully recovered; Guilin ordered Dingguo to station the Zhuosijia troops he had mobilized on the border awaiting orders. The emperor said that with Gebushizan recovered, Guilin should have pressed the victory against Jinchuan while the enemy was unprepared, and rebuked him for poor judgment.
12
桂林复督兵攻達烏東岸山梁，參將薛琮戰沒，琮驍將，深入糧盡。 桂林既失期不會師，又不以時遣援，軍盡覆，疏請治罪，述戰狀不敢盡。 元俊與散秩大臣阿爾泰劾其虛誑，並言桂林在卡丫建屋宇以居，迫屬僚供應，與副都統鐵保、提督汪騰龍等終日酣飲，諸將罕得見； 密令騰龍畀總兵王萬邦白金五百，贖被掠官兵，希圖掩飾。 上奪桂林職，命額駙、尚書、公福隆安馳往按治，尋奏所劾皆虛，惟官兵傷損不即察奏屬實； 至贖被掠官兵，乃在軍戶部郎中汪承霈聞巴旺、布拉克底土兵歸失道，官兵告桂林，發白金五百交騰龍備賞，事為元俊構陷，請分別治罪。 上以桂林在軍日親曲糱，止圖安逸，不能與士卒同甘苦，致北山梁傷損多兵，不得為無罪，命戍伊犁。 三十八年七月，予三等侍衛銜，仍詣軍前督糧運。 四十年，授頭等侍衛。 尋授四川提督，遷兩廣總督。 卒，加太子太保銜，諡壯敏。
Guilin again directed troops against the eastern bank ridge of Dawu; colonel Xue Cong was killed in battle—a fierce commander who had advanced deep and run out of supplies. Guilin had missed the rendezvous and failed to send relief in time; the army was annihilated; he memorialized requesting punishment and did not dare report the full extent of the defeat. Yuanjun and minister without portfolio Aertai impeached him for false reporting, also alleging that Guilin had built houses at Kayia for his residence, compelled subordinates to supply him, and with vice commander Tie Bao, provincial commander Wang Tenglong, and others drank all day while his generals rarely saw him; he secretly ordered Tenglong to give regional commander Wang Wanbang five hundred taels of silver to ransom captured officers and men, hoping to cover up the defeat. The emperor stripped Guilin of office and ordered imperial son-in-law, minister, and duke Fulunga to investigate on the spot; Fulunga soon reported that the charges were largely false, except that Guilin had failed to report promptly on casualties among officers and soldiers; as for ransoming captured troops, Revenue Bureau director Wang Chengpei with the army learned that Bawang and Bulakedi native troops had lost their way on return; officers and soldiers informed Guilin, who issued five hundred taels of silver to Tenglong for rewards—this was a frame-up by Yuanjun; he requested that punishments be assigned separately. The emperor said that in camp Guilin personally attended to brewing, sought only comfort, could not share hardship with his soldiers, and caused heavy casualties on the northern ridge—he could not be held guiltless—and ordered him exiled to Yili. In the seventh month of the thirty-eighth year he was given third-class bodyguard rank and again sent to the front to supervise grain transport. In the fortieth year he was appointed first-class bodyguard. He was soon appointed provincial commander of Sichuan and then governor-general of Liangguang. He died and was posthumously given Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent rank and the temple name Zhuangmin.
13
=溫福=溫福，字履綏，費莫氏，滿洲鑲紅旗人，文華殿大學士溫達孫也。 自繙譯舉人授兵部筆帖式。 乾隆初，累遷戶部郎中。 外擢湖南布政使，歷四年； 移貴州布政使，亦四年。 坐平遠民閧訟庭、按治草率，奪職，戍烏里雅蘇台。 二十三年，起內閣侍讀學士。 從定邊將軍兆惠討霍集占，戰葉爾羌，槍傷顴。 擢內閣學士，遷倉場侍郎，予雲騎尉世職。 外授福建巡撫，內遷吏部侍郎、軍機處行走，進理籓院尚書。
Wen Fu, style Lüshou, of the Feimo clan, belonged to the Manchu Bordered Red Banner and was the grandson of Grand Secretary Wenda of the Hall of Literary Glory. From translator licentiate he was appointed a clerk of the Ministry of War. In early Qianlong he rose through repeated promotions until he became a director in the Ministry of Revenue. He was promoted to Hunan provincial treasurer and served four years; then transferred to Guizhou provincial treasurer for another four years. He was punished because Pingyuan commoners rioted in court and his investigation was perfunctory; he was stripped of office and exiled to Uliastai. In the twenty-third year he was recalled as Grand Secretariat reader. He followed Pacification General Zhaohui against Khoja Jahan, fought at Yarkand, and was wounded in the cheek by gunfire. He was promoted Grand Secretariat academician, transferred to vice minister of the Granaries, and granted the hereditary rank of Cloud Cavalry Captain. He was appointed governor of Fujian, recalled to serve as vice minister of Personnel and on the Grand Council, and advanced to minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs.
14
三十六年，師徵金川，授定邊右副將軍，以侍郎桂林佐之，共討賊。 溫福自汶川出西路，桂林自打箭爐出南路。 時小金川頭人澤旺子僧格桑割地乞援於大金川頭人索諾木，索諾木潛遣兵助之。 上命先剿小金川，且勿聲大金川罪。 溫福至打箭爐，分兵三道入：溫福出巴朗拉，提督董天弼自甲金達援達木巴宗，總督阿爾泰自約咱攻僧格桑。 十一月，擢武英殿大學士。 十二月，至巴朗拉，戰三晝夜，賊敗去。 三十七年正月，取達木巴宗。 進攻斯底葉安，而分軍出別斯滿、瑪爾瓦爾濟，兩路夾擊，進克資哩。 再進克東瑪，再進克路頂宗及喀木色爾，取諸碉寨。 再進得博爾根山梁，並攻克得瑪覺烏寨落，攻公雅山。 十二月，授定邊將軍，以阿桂、豐升額副之。 進克明郭宗，再進克底木達。 底木達者，僧格桑父澤旺所居寨也。 師至，俘澤旺，檻致京師，誅於市，而僧格桑奔大金川。 溫福檄索諾木令縛獻僧格桑，不應。
In the thirty-sixth year the army campaigned against Jinchuan; he was appointed Pacification Commissioner on the Right with Vice Minister Guilin as his deputy to campaign against the rebels. Wen Fu advanced by the western route from Wenchuan; Guilin advanced by the southern route from Dajianlu. At this time Lesser Jinchuan chieftain Zewang's son Senggesang ceded territory to beg aid from Greater Jinchuan chieftain Suonuomu, who secretly sent troops to assist him. The emperor ordered that Lesser Jinchuan be suppressed first and that Greater Jinchuan's complicity not be proclaimed. Wen Fu reached Dajianlu and divided his forces into three columns: Wen Fu advanced by Balang La, provincial commander Dong Tianbi from Jajianda to relieve Damubazong, and governor Aertai from Yozai against Senggesang. In the eleventh month he was promoted grand secretary of the Hall of Military Glory. In the twelfth month he reached Balang La, fought for three days and nights, and the rebels were defeated and withdrew. In the first month of the thirty-seventh year Damubazong was captured. He advanced against Sidiye'an while dividing troops through Biesiman and Ma'erwa'erji for a pincer attack and captured Zili. Advancing again he captured Dongma, then Ludingzong and Kamuse'er, and seized the blockhouses and stockades. Advancing again he took the Bo'ergen ridge, also captured the Demajuewu stockades, and attacked Gongya Mountain. In the twelfth month he was appointed Pacification General with Agui and Fengsheng'e as deputies. He advanced to capture Mingguozong and then Dimuda. Dimuda was the stockade where Senggesang's father Zewang had lived. When the army arrived, Zewang was captured, sent to the capital in a cage, and executed in the marketplace, while Senggesang fled to Greater Jinchuan. Wen Fu ordered Suonuomu by proclamation to bind and deliver Senggesang; he refused.
15
上將進討大金川，溫福等疏言：「前此張廣泗徵金川，十路、七路分合不常，實祗有六路，皆以抵勒烏圍、噶爾依為主。 一為卡撒正路，自美諾至噶爾依，約五程，為傅恆進兵路； 一為丹壩，自維州橋經番地抵勒烏圍，約二十餘程，中有穆津岡天險，為岳鍾琪進兵路； 一地名僧格桑，自美諾抵噶爾依，六七程，即總兵馬良柱所行路； 一為革布什咱，一為馬爾邦，皆距噶爾依六七程，險狹難行； 一為綽斯甲布寨至勒烏圍三程，至噶爾依亦三程，均隔大河，碉寨林立，難攻。 此外又有俄坡一路，從綽斯甲布寨至勒烏圍，僅二程，路較平。 今當由卡撒正路進兵，其俄坡一路，既有綽斯甲布土司原出兵復其侵地，可為犄角。 其餘各路，分兵牽制，使不能兼顧。」 於是溫福自功噶爾拉入，阿桂自當噶爾拉入，豐升額自綽斯甲布入。 溫福性剛愎，不廣諮方略，惟襲訥親、張廣泗故事，以碉卡攻碉卡，修築千計。 所將兵二萬餘，強半散在各碉卡。 每逾數日當奏事，即督兵攻碉。 士卒多傷亡，諮怨無鬥志。 溫福日置酒高會，參贊伍岱歎曰：「焉有為帥若此而能制勝者？」 因密疏聞上，溫福亦疏劾伍岱。 上命豐升額及額駙色布騰巴勒珠爾按治。 溫福又言色布騰巴勒珠爾朋比傾陷，上為奪伍岱職，令色布騰巴勒珠爾逮詣熱河行在，獄成，戍伍岱伊犁。
The emperor was preparing to advance against Greater Jinchuan; Wen Fu and others memorialized: "When Zhang Guangsi campaigned against Jinchuan before, accounts spoke of ten or seven routes with shifting combinations—in fact there were only six routes, all aimed chiefly at Lewuwei and Ga'eryi. One was the main Kasai route from Meinuo to Ga'eryi, about five stages—the route Fu Heng had used; one was Danba, from Weizhou Bridge through native territory to Lewuwei, about twenty stages, with the natural barrier of Mujingang in between—the route Yue Zhongqi had used; one route passed through a place named Senggesang, from Meinuo to Ga'eryi in six or seven stages—the route regional commander Ma Liangzhu had taken; one was Gebushizan and one Ma'erbang, each six or seven stages from Ga'eryi, narrow, dangerous, and hard to travel; one ran from Zhuosijia stockade to Lewuwei in three stages and to Ga'eryi in another three, all separated by great rivers with dense blockhouses and stockades that were hard to attack. Besides these there was also the Epo route from Zhuosijia stockade to Lewuwei, only two stages, with a comparatively level road. Now the army should advance by the main Kasai route; on the Epo route the Zhuosijia chieftain is already sending troops to recover seized territory and can serve as a supporting force. On the remaining routes troops should be divided to pin down the enemy so they cannot defend everywhere at once." Thereupon Wen Fu entered by Gongga'er La, Agui by Dangga'er La, and Fengsheng'e by Zhuosijia. Wen Fu was stubborn by nature, did not widely consult on strategy, and only followed the precedents of Neqin and Zhang Guangsi—attacking blockhouses with blockhouses and building thousands of fortifications. The troops under his command numbered more than twenty thousand, more than half scattered among the various blockhouses. Every few days when he should have reported to the throne, he instead directed troops to attack blockhouses. The soldiers suffered heavy casualties, complained bitterly, and lost all fighting spirit. Wen Fu held grand banquets every day; staff officer Wu Dai sighed and said: "How can a commander like this ever win a victory?" He therefore sent a secret memorial to the emperor; Wen Fu also memorialized to impeach Wu Dai. The emperor ordered Fengsheng'e and imperial son-in-law Sebuteng Balzhu'er to investigate the matter. Wen Fu also claimed that Sebuteng Balzhu'er had formed a faction to frame him; the emperor stripped Wu Dai of office, ordered Sebuteng Balzhu'er arrested and sent to the Rehe traveling palace; when the case was concluded, Wu Dai was exiled to Yili.
16
三十八年春，溫福師至功噶爾拉，賊阻險，不得進，別取道攻昔嶺，駐軍木果木； 令提督董天弼分軍屯底木達。 木果木、底木達皆故小金川地，索諾木陰使小金川頭人煽諸降番使復叛。 諸降番以師久頓不進，遂蜂起應之。 先攻底木達，天弼死之，次劫糧台，潛襲木果木。 溫福不嚴備山後要隘，賊突薄大營，奪砲局，斷汲道。 時大營兵尚萬餘，運糧役數千，爭避入大營，溫福堅閉壘門不納，轟而潰，聲如壞堤，於是軍心益震。 賊四面蹂入，溫福中槍死，各卡兵望風潰散。 參贊海蘭察聞警赴援，殿餘兵自間道出。 小金川地盡陷。 上初聞溫福死，詔予一等伯爵，世襲罔替，祀昭忠祠。 既，劉秉恬、海蘭察、富勒渾各疏言溫福僨事狀，命奪伯爵，予三等輕車都尉世職。 四十一年，命並罷之。 子勒保、永保，皆有傳。
In the spring of the thirty-eighth year Wen Fu's army reached Gongga'er La; the rebels held the dangerous passes and he could not advance, so he took another route to attack Xiling and encamped at Muguo Wood; he ordered provincial commander Dong Tianbi to divide his forces and garrison Dimuda. Muguo Wood and Dimuda were both former Lesser Jinchuan territory; Suonuomu secretly had Lesser Jinchuan chieftains incite the surrendered tribes to rebel again. The surrendered tribes, seeing the army stalled for so long without advancing, rose in swarms to join the rebellion. They first attacked Dimuda and Tianbi was killed; next they raided the grain depots and launched a surprise attack on Muguo Wood. Wen Fu failed to guard the vital passes in the rear; the rebels suddenly pressed the main camp, seized the artillery park, and cut off the water supply. The main camp still held more than ten thousand troops and several thousand transport laborers, all scrambling to flee inside; Wen Fu firmly closed the stockade gates and refused them entry; they collapsed in a roar like a broken dike, and army morale collapsed with them. The rebels overran the camp from all sides; Wen Fu was shot and killed; troops at every post fled at the mere sight of the enemy. Staff officer Hailancha, hearing the alarm, rushed to their aid and covered the retreat of the surviving troops along a hidden route. All of Lesser Jinchuan territory was lost. When the emperor first heard of Wen Fu's death, he decreed him a first-class earl with perpetual hereditary succession and enshrinement in the Temple of Loyalty. Afterward Liu Bingtian, Hailancha, and Fulehun each memorialized on Wen Fu's disastrous conduct; he was stripped of the earldom and given the hereditary rank of third-class commandant of light chariots. In the forty-first year all honors were revoked. His sons Lebao and Yongbao each have biographies of their own.
17
=【論】=論曰：金川再亂，開泰、阿爾泰皆主以番攻番，遲回坐誤。 桂林有宋元俊不能用，反齮齕之，擁兵不進。 阿爾泰與元俊劾桂林，此其意以軍國為重，不屑屑阿貴近、疏卑遠，宜若可成功，乃坐蜚語敗。 溫福銳進，似勝開泰輩，乃又剛愎，有董天弼不能用，予兵至少，令僻處軍後，卒致僨潰，徒以身殉，豈不惜哉？
Commentary: When Jinchuan rebelled again, both Kai Tai and Aertai advocated letting natives fight natives, hesitating until the moment for action was lost. Guilin had Song Yuanjun at his disposal but would not use him, instead bore him malice, and held his troops back without advancing. Aertai and Yuanjun impeached Guilin with the intent of putting military affairs first, disdaining to flatter the powerful while slighting the humble—one might have expected success, yet they were ruined by slander. Wen Fu pressed forward boldly, seeming to surpass Kai Tai and his like, yet he was also stubborn; he had Dong Tianbi but would not use him, gave him too few troops, and posted him in a remote rear position—at last bringing on total collapse and dying alone for nothing. Is it not lamentable?