Volume 329 Biographies 116: Song Yuanjun, Xue Cong, Zhang Zhiyuan, Dong Tianbi, Chai Daji

列傳一百十六

Biographies 116

宋元俊薛琮張芝元董天弼柴大紀

Song Yuanjun, Xue Cong, Zhang Zhiyuan, Dong Tianbi, and Chai Daji

宋元俊，字甸芳，江南懷遠人。以武進士授四川成都營守備，遷懷遠營都司。乾隆二十年，孔撒、麻書兩土司構釁，金川、綽斯甲布兩土司乘隙為亂，元俊為撫定，集孔撒、麻書、金川、綽斯甲布、革布什咱、綽沃、白立、章谷、瞻對諸土司斷曲直，使頂經立誓。累遷阜和營游擊。

Song Yuanjun, styled Dianfang, came from Huaiyuan in Jiangnan. Having passed the military jinshi examination, he was appointed garrison commander of the Chengdu Garrison in Sichuan and later promoted to company commander of the Huaiyuan Garrison. In Qianlong 20 (1755), the Kongsa and Mashu chieftains feuded; the Jinchuan and Zhuosijia chieftains seized the chance to revolt. Yuanjun was dispatched to settle affairs, convening the chieftains of Kongsa, Mashu, Jinchuan, Zhuosijia, Gepusizhai, Zhuowo, Baili, Zhanggu, and Zhandui to adjudicate their disputes and bind them with oaths sworn over Buddhist scriptures. He rose through successive promotions to brigade commander of the Fuhe Garrison.

二十九年，金川土司郎卡侵丹壩、綽斯甲布兩土司，諸土司請兵，署總督阿桂、提督岳鍾琪奏令元俊偕署副將長清諭各土司合兵進剿。移漳臘營參將，坐事左遷。三十五年，小金川土司澤旺之子僧格桑掠鄂克什，阿桂檄元俊宣諭僧格桑還侵地及所掠番民。复補阜和營游擊。三十六年，革布什咱頭人結郎卡子索諾木據革布什咱官寨，戕土司策楞多布丹，總督阿爾泰復令元俊往宣諭。小金川圍鄂克什、達木巴宗，侵明正土司，據納頂寨，元俊與參將薛琮、都司李天佑率兵討之，收納頂寨，進攻索布大寨。琮率兵自山梁潛度，元俊與天佑渡河夾擊，獲石卡十八，屢戰皆捷，明正土司碉寨七百餘盡复。

In Qianlong 29 (1764), the Jinchuan chieftain Langka attacked the Danba and Zhuosijia chieftains. When the chieftains appealed for troops, Acting Governor-General Agui and Regional Commander Yue Zhongqi memorialized the throne directing Yuanjun, together with Acting Vice General Chang Qing, to rally the chieftains for a joint punitive campaign. He was transferred to regimental commander of the Zhangla Garrison, then demoted after being implicated in a disciplinary matter. In Qianlong 35 (1770), Senggesang, son of the Lesser Jinchuan chieftain Zewang, plundered Ekezhi. Agui ordered Yuanjun to proclaim to Senggesang that he must restore the seized lands and return the tribal people he had taken. He was reinstated as brigade commander of the Fuhe Garrison. In Qianlong 36 (1771), the Gepusizhai headman Jielangkazi Suonuomu seized the chieftain's stockade at Gepusizhai and murdered Chieftain Celeng Duobudan. Governor-General Altai once again sent Yuanjun to deliver an imperial proclamation. Lesser Jinchuan forces besieged Ekezhi and Damubazong, encroached on Mingzheng territory, and seized Nadingsai. Yuanjun joined Regimental Commander Xue Cong and Company Commander Li Tianyou in a punitive expedition, retook Nadingsai, and pressed the attack on Suobudazhai. Cong led his men in a stealthy crossing over the ridge while Yuanjun and Tianyou forded the river to strike from both flanks. They took eighteen stone blockhouses in a string of victories and fully restored more than seven hundred watchtowers and stockades belonging to the Mingzheng chieftain.

師入小金川境，取噶中拉、莫如納、扎功拉等地，進克納咱。阿爾泰及侍郎桂林以聞，擢松潘鎮總兵。師攻甲木，賊據喇嘛寺為固。元俊及守備陳定國攻破之，盡收所屬城、卡、碉、寨，據墨爾多山梁。師復進，天佑、定國攻西山梁，元俊同侍衛六十一、參將巴克坦布等自喇嘛寺繞攻郭松，參領普寧自西山麓沿河攻甲木，侍衛哈青阿及琮自東山麓攻卡丫。師行以夜半，戰自卯至巳，卡丫、郭松、甲木皆克。賜元俊孔雀翎。

The army crossed into Lesser Jinchuan, seized Gachongla, Moruna, Zhagongla, and other positions, and went on to capture Nazha. Altai and Vice Minister Guilin reported the victories to the throne, and Yuanjun was promoted to regional commander of Songpan. When the army assaulted Jiamu, the rebels dug in at the Lama Temple. Yuanjun and Garrison Commander Chen Dingguo stormed the position, recaptured all affiliated towns, blockhouses, watchtowers, and stockades, and secured the Moriduo ridge. The army pressed forward again on multiple axes: Tianyou and Dingguo struck the western ridge; Yuanjun, Bodyguard Liushiyi, Regimental Commander Baketanbu, and others swung around from the Lama Temple to hit Guosong; Battalion Commander Puning moved up the river from the western foothills against Jiamu; and Bodyguard Ha Qing'a and Cong attacked Kayai from the eastern foothills. The troops moved out at midnight and fought from dawn until mid-morning; Kayai, Guosong, and Jiamu all fell. The emperor awarded Yuanjun a peacock feather.

三十七年，師攻革布什咱，元俊請於桂林，分兵為五道：一自郭宗濟野宗攻木巴拉博租；一自章谷渡河夾攻，俾賊前後受敵，兩軍既合，先據默資溝，截金川來路，進取吉地官寨；一自巴旺之高石、嘉舉諸山，分道攻薩瑪多監藏布覺，取吉地；一自茂紐攻沙沖；一自喀勒塔爾攻黨哩，會兵取丹東。策定，元俊及游擊吳錦江等自章谷渡河據格藏橋，哈青阿、天佑出郭宗濟野宗，兩隊軍夾攻，賊驚潰，遂克木巴拉博租、薩瑪多監藏布覺諸地。進克吉地官寨及默資溝。參將常泰等克黨哩，都司李天貴等克沙沖，元俊复克丹東。复革布什咱地三百餘裡，民戶二千餘。

In Qianlong 37 (1772), during the campaign against Gepusizhai, Yuanjun proposed to Guilin a five-pronged plan: one column from Guozongjiyezong against Mubalabozu; one to cross the river at Zhanggu and pinch the enemy from both sides, then unite, seize Mozigou to sever Jinchuan's supply line, and advance on the Jidi chieftain's stockade; one from the Gaoshi and Jiaju heights in Bawang, splitting to strike Samaduojianzangbujue and capture Jidi; one from Maoniu against Shachong; one from Kaleta'er against Dangli, then converging to take Dandong. The plan adopted, Yuanjun and Brigade Commander Wu Jinjiang forded the river at Zhanggu and seized Gezang Bridge while Ha Qing'a and Tianyou advanced from Guozongjiyezong. The two columns caught the rebels in a pincer; the enemy broke and fled, and Mubalabozu, Samaduojianzangbujue, and neighboring positions were taken. They went on to capture the Jidi chieftain's stockade and Mozigou. Regimental Commander Chang Tai took Dangli, Company Commander Li Tiangui seized Shachong, and Yuanjun captured Dandong as well. More than three hundred li of Gepusizhai territory and over two thousand households were restored.

桂林遣陳定國調綽斯甲布兵駐軍界上，備調遣。上責桂林不令元俊乘勝取金川。元俊旋與散秩大臣阿爾泰劾桂林欺誑及諸罪狀，上為奪桂林職，令阿爾泰署四川總督，命額駙、尚書、公福隆安按治。未至，詔元俊督兵赴綽斯甲布率土兵進攻金川。元俊奏：「自戰失利，士氣消沮，現在兵力不足並按兩金川。請敕調湖南、湖北、山西、甘肅兵二萬，分三道進軍，計兩月可竟事。」上以元俊請益師，未免張皇，令福隆安會阿爾泰、阿桂與元俊詳悉覈計。上諭軍機大臣，謂：「元俊能治事，熟番情；但其人似狡猾好事，當留意駕馭。」

Guilin sent Chen Dingguo to muster Zhuosijia troops and hold them on the frontier, ready for deployment. The emperor censured Guilin for failing to let Yuanjun press the victory and seize Jinchuan. Yuanjun then joined Minister Without Portfolio Altai in impeaching Guilin for deceit and other offenses. The emperor removed Guilin from office, appointed Altai acting Governor-General of Sichuan, and sent Imperial Son-in-Law, Minister, and Duke Fu Long'an to conduct an inquiry. Before the investigators arrived, an edict ordered Yuanjun to take command at Zhuosijia and lead native troops in an assault on Jinchuan. Yuanjun memorialized: "Since our recent defeat, morale has collapsed. Our present strength is insufficient to subdue both Jinchuans simultaneously. I request orders to mobilize twenty thousand troops from Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, and Gansu for a three-column advance; the campaign should be finished within two months." The emperor regarded Yuanjun's request for reinforcements as unduly alarmist and ordered Fu Long'an to confer with Altai, Agui, and Yuanjun on a full reassessment. The emperor told the Grand Council: "Yuanjun is capable and knows the frontier tribes well; but he seems crafty and prone to stirring trouble—keep a firm hand on him."

尋，福隆安疏陳所劾桂林狀不實，上以方進兵，元俊熟番情，諸事不必窮究；惟言：「桂林以白金畀金川贖被掠官兵罪最重，今汪承霈自承出其意。承霈以曹司從軍，不當與其事。當詰汪騰龍，成信讞。」福隆安复疏言：「騰龍以金囑王萬邦待巴旺、布拉底克歸迷道官兵予金為賞，元俊誘萬邦令具札言桂林使贖被掠官兵。事為元俊陷。」上乃怒，責元俊奸狡負恩，命奪職逮問，籍其家。參贊阿桂疏言：「元俊在川日久，熟番情，為近邊土司所信服。諸將能馭番無出其右。臣遇事多與詢商，冀收指臂之效。乞恩仍留軍中，倘奮勉出力，使詐使貪，原所不廢；如剛愎逞私，即據實嚴劾。」上命留總兵，還所籍財產。元俊同副都統永平、博靈阿等潛赴墨壟溝，進至郡崢。乘月督軍登山薄賊卡，正大霧，我師騰躍入卡，克山樑三道、碉卡二十有四，進克格魯克石。金川酋圖佔丹壩官寨，綽斯甲布土司發兵往助，阿桂奏令元俊增兵往剿，未行，卒於軍。

Soon afterward Fu Long'an reported that the charges against Guilin did not hold up. With the campaign underway and Yuanjun's expertise on the frontier indispensable, the emperor said not every accusation need be pursued to the end; but noted: "Guilin's gravest offense was paying Jinchuan silver to ransom captured officers and men. Wang Chengpei has now admitted the scheme was his. As a provincial official attached to the campaign, Chengpei should never have been involved. Wang Tenglong must be questioned so the truth can be established." Fu Long'an reported further: "Tenglong had entrusted Wang Wanbang with silver to reward officers and men from Bawang and Buladike who had lost their way and returned. Yuanjun coerced Wanbang into writing a letter claiming Guilin had paid silver to ransom captured troops. The whole affair was a frame-up engineered by Yuanjun." The emperor flew into a rage, denounced Yuanjun for treachery and ingratitude, stripped him of rank, ordered his arrest, and confiscated his property. Campaign Adviser Agui memorialized: "Yuanjun has served in Sichuan for years, knows the tribes intimately, and enjoys the trust of the frontier chieftains. No other general matches him in handling tribal affairs. I consult him on nearly every decision, hoping to make our efforts work as one coordinated force. I beg that he be kept with the army. If he fights hard, his skill in deception—or even his appetite for gain—need not count against him; but if he turns obstinate or self-serving, I shall impeach him without mercy." The emperor ordered Yuanjun kept on as regional commander and his confiscated property returned. Yuanjun joined Vice Commander-in-Chief Yongping, Boling'a, and others in a stealthy advance to Molonggou and on to Junzheng. Under cover of moonlight he led the troops up the mountain against the rebel blockhouses. A thick fog hung over the field; our men vaulted into the positions, took three ridges and twenty-four watchtower blockhouses, and pressed on to capture Gelukeshi. When the Jinchuan chieftain tried to seize the Danba chieftain's stockade, the Zhuosijia chieftain sent troops to help. Agui memorialized ordering Yuanjun to reinforce and move against them, but before he could march, he died in camp.

元俊在邊久，善馭諸土司。往時賚諸土司繒帛輒窳敝，元俊必以善者，諸土司皆喜。元俊出行邊，諸土司率妻子出謁，畀以茶、菸、簪珥，視若家人。稍不循法度，即訶譴，皆悚息聽命。打箭爐徼外夾壩出沒，元俊至，無敢犯行李者。諸番小有動靜，爭來告，以故元俊諸所措置皆中窾要。其得罪，上亦知其枉。既卒，其子猶戍邊。四十一年，金川平。元俊部將張芝元請於阿桂，謂元俊有功無罪，徒以忤專閫被羅織，語甚切。阿桂為疏請，赦其子還。

Yuanjun had spent years on the frontier and knew how to manage the chieftains. Imperial gifts of silk to the chieftains had often been shoddy; Yuanjun always saw that they received good cloth, and the chieftains were grateful. When Yuanjun toured the frontier, chieftains would bring their wives and children to greet him. He shared tea, tobacco, hairpins, and earrings with them and treated them like kin. Step out of line even slightly and he would rebuke you—everyone trembled and obeyed. Bandits prowled beyond the Dartsedo frontier, yet when Yuanjun passed through, no one dared lay a hand on his baggage. The tribes reported even the smallest stir, which is why Yuanjun's every move hit the mark. When he fell from favor, the emperor knew the punishment was unjust. After his death, his son remained on frontier garrison duty. In Qianlong 41 (1776), Jinchuan was pacified. Yuanjun's subordinate Zhang Zhiyuan pleaded with Agui that Yuanjun had served with distinction and committed no crime, having been framed only for crossing the supreme commander. His appeal was passionate. Agui memorialized on his behalf, and the emperor pardoned his son and allowed him to come home.

薛琮，陝西咸寧人。父翼鳳，河南南陽鎮總兵。琮以廕生入巡捕營。累遷四川漳臘營參將。阿爾泰討金川，以琮從。克納頂、邊谷諸碉寨。溫福代阿爾泰視師，攻巴朗拉，琮戰最力。又克卡丫，取通甲木。攻阿仰東山，總督桂林與都統鐵保、提督汪騰龍將兵取墨壟溝，令琮將三千人自甲木、噶爾金後繞山道應大軍夾擊。桂林中道引還卡丫，又檄鐵保、騰龍令退。琮深入，糧盡，待桂林不至。桂林令都司廣著赴援。賊據高峰曰博六古通，險阻，廣著師不得度。琮督兵直進，毀柵十餘，奪碉七十餘。賊力拒，琮督兵仰攻，中槍，沒於陣，軍盡覆，同死者都司張清士、陳定國等二十五人。阿桂破翁古爾壟，立祠戰地祀琮等。

Xue Cong came from Xianning in Shaanxi. His father Yifeng served as regional commander of Nanyang in Henan. Cong entered service in the Patrol Battalion through hereditary privilege. He rose through successive promotions to regimental commander of the Zhangla Garrison in Sichuan. When Altai campaigned against Jinchuan, Cong served under him. He captured the watchtowers and stockades at Nading, Biangu, and elsewhere. When Wenfu replaced Altai as commander and assaulted Balangla, Cong fought harder than anyone. He took Kayai as well and opened the route to Jiamu. During the assault on A'yangdong Hill, Governor-General Guilin, Commander-in-Chief Tiebao, and Regional Commander Wang Tenglong led the main force against Molonggou while ordering Cong to take three thousand men around the mountains behind Jiamu and Ga'erjin to coordinate a pincer. Guilin turned back halfway to Kayai and ordered Tiebao and Tenglong to withdraw as well. Cong had pushed deep into enemy territory, his supplies were gone, and Guilin never came. Guilin finally ordered Company Commander Guang Zhu to march to his relief. The rebels held the formidable peak of Bolugutong; Guang Zhu's column could not get through. Cong pressed straight ahead, tearing down more than ten palisades and seizing over seventy watchtowers. The rebels fought back hard. Cong led an uphill assault, took a musket ball, and fell in battle. His entire force was wiped out. Company Commanders Zhang Qingshi and Chen Dingguo were among the twenty-five who died with him. After Agui broke Wenguerlong, he built a battlefield shrine to honor Cong and his fallen comrades.

琮在諸將中號能戰，元俊與最厚。嘗與期旦日會師，孰後至當斬。琮至後二刻，元俊遣騎持刀呼取薛參將頭。琮望見笑曰：「琮頭當與賊，不與公也！」奮前奪數碉反。元俊猶為琮請罪，以功論贖乃已。及桂林誤琮戰沒，元俊憤激論劾，卒以是得罪。

Cong was counted among the army's best fighters, and Yuanjun was his closest comrade. They once agreed to rendezvous at dawn the next day, with whoever arrived late to be executed. Cong arrived half an hour late. Yuanjun sent a rider with a drawn blade shouting for Regimental Commander Xue's head. Cong saw him coming and laughed: "My head belongs to the enemy, not to you!" He charged forward, took several watchtowers, and returned in triumph. Yuanjun still interceded for Cong; only when his battlefield merit outweighed the offense was the matter dropped. When Guilin's blunder cost Cong his life, Yuanjun impeached him in a fury—and in the end was himself ruined for it.

張芝元，四川清溪人。以千總從副將軍明亮徵金川有功，積官至越巂營參將。金川酋以番僧诇軍事，芝元言於明亮曰：「軍事每為賊知，非去其諜，滅賊無日矣。」會大風雪，明亮命芝元率數十人偽若以他事出者，宿番僧寺中。芝元故通番語，與僧飲甚歡，僧醉眠，芝元出寺聚柴焚之，僧皆死。賊諜斷，因招降其眾。尋從成都將軍特成額駐兵江卡，捕夾壩，圍本肯賊寨，焚其碉，斃賊甚眾，擢懋功協副將。台灣林爽文為亂，芝元率屯練降番佐軍。參贊海蘭察等分攻大埔林、中林、大埔尾三莊，芝元為策應。賊據小半天山，將軍福康安等自前山進，芝元與領隊大臣普爾普領兵別為一隊，夜半先發，繞大山夾攻賊後。黎明，諸軍同抵山麓，攀援上，賊力拒，芝元先登，拔其柵，斬獲無算，並堵賊去路。未幾，爽文就擒。台灣平，擢建昌鎮總兵，圖形紫光閣，列前二十功臣。尋調松潘鎮總兵。廓爾喀掠西藏濟嚨、聶拉木，上命芝元率屯練降番往討之。芝元至，值大雪，山谷皆滿。芝元手大刀指揮，士卒皆感激用命，賊敗走。廓爾喀再叛，芝元偕提督成德督兵攻聶拉木，守拍甲嶺隘口斷賊援，聶拉木遂下；乘勝攻濟嚨，复克之，賊懼，乞降。未幾，卒。五十八年，論平定廓爾喀功，再圖形紫光閣，列後十五功臣。

Zhang Zhiyuan came from Qingxi in Sichuan. Serving as a battalion commander under Vice General Mingliang in the Jinchuan campaign, he distinguished himself and rose through successive promotions to regimental commander of the Yuexi Garrison. The Jinchuan chieftain used tribal monks to spy on the army. Zhiyuan told Mingliang: "The enemy always knows our moves. Unless we cut off their intelligence, we will never defeat them." During a blizzard, Mingliang ordered Zhiyuan to take several dozen men, pretending to be out on other business, and lodge at the tribal monks' temple. Zhiyuan already spoke the tribal tongue. He drank freely with the monks; when they passed out, he slipped outside, piled firewood against the temple, and set it ablaze. Every monk inside died. With the enemy's spy network broken, he was able to induce many rebels to surrender. He then served under Chengdu General Te Cheng'e at Jiangka, hunting bandits, besieging the rebel stockade at Benken, burning its watchtowers, and killing many enemies. He was promoted to deputy vice general for distinguished service. When Lin Shuangwen rebelled in Taiwan, Zhiyuan led garrison militia and surrendered tribesmen in support of the campaign. Campaign Adviser Hailancha and others split forces against the three villages of Dapulin, Zhonglin, and Dapuwei while Zhiyuan provided supporting action. The rebels held Xiaobantian Hill. General Fukang'an advanced from the front while Zhiyuan and Lead Commissioner Pu'erpu led a separate column that set out at midnight, swung around the mountain, and struck the enemy from the rear. At dawn the columns converged at the foot of the hill and climbed under fire. Zhiyuan was first over the top, tore down the palisade, killed and captured without number, and sealed off the enemy's escape route. Before long, Shuangwen was taken prisoner. After Taiwan was pacified, he was promoted to regional commander of Jianchang, his portrait was enshrined in the Hall of Purple Splendor, and he was numbered among the first twenty meritorious officials. He was soon transferred to regional commander of Songpan. When Gurkhas raided Jilong and Nyalam in Tibet, the emperor ordered Zhiyuan to lead garrison militia and surrendered tribesmen against them. Zhiyuan arrived in the midst of a blizzard that had buried the valleys in snow. Zhiyuan led from the front with a broadsword in hand; his men, stirred to gratitude, fought with all they had, and the enemy broke and fled. When the Gurkhas rebelled again, Zhiyuan and Regional Commander Chengde assaulted Nyalam, held the pass at Paijialing to sever enemy reinforcements, and Nyalam fell; then pressed the attack to Jilong and retook it as well. The enemy, terrified, sued for peace. He died soon afterward. In Qianlong 58 (1793), when honors were awarded for pacifying the Gurkhas, his portrait was again enshrined in the Hall of Purple Splendor and he was numbered among the later fifteen meritorious officials.

芝元少以小校事元俊，後乃雪元俊枉。人以是多芝元，亦益賢元俊能知人也。

Zhiyuan had served Yuanjun as a young subordinate and later vindicated him after his wrongful disgrace. People admired Zhiyuan all the more for this, and came to esteem Yuanjun's eye for talent.

董天弼，字霖蒼，順天大興人。自武進士授四川提標前營守備。乾隆初，師徵金川，天弼在軍有功。累遷維州協副將。金川酋郎卡攻丹壩土司，天弼偕游擊宋元俊諭郎卡歸所掠，毀所築碉，兵罷，遷松潘鎮總兵。旋擢四川提督。郭羅克部劫西藏入貢喇嘛，上命天弼按治，未得其渠，詔責其苟且。三十五年，小金川土司澤旺子僧格桑為亂，攻鄂克什土司色達克拉，圍其寨。天弼督兵駐達木巴宗，檄僧格桑斂兵退色達克拉，以其寨糧盡，乞徙達木巴宗。天弼與總督阿爾泰議留兵戍焉。

Dong Tianbi, styled Lincang, came from Daxing in Shuntian. Having passed the military jinshi examination, he was appointed garrison commander of the Forward Battalion of the Sichuan Provincial Standard. In the early Qianlong reign, when the army campaigned against Jinchuan, Tianbi distinguished himself in the field. He rose through successive promotions to deputy vice general of the Weizhou Brigade. When the Jinchuan chieftain Langka attacked the Danba chieftain, Tianbi and Brigade Commander Song Yuanjun ordered Langka to restore what he had seized and demolish the watchtowers he had built. After the campaign, Tianbi was transferred to regional commander of Songpan. He was soon promoted to Regional Commander of Sichuan. When Golok tribesmen robbed Tibetan tribute-bearing lamas, the emperor ordered Tianbi to investigate and punish them. He failed to capture the ringleaders, and an edict censured his half-hearted effort. In Qianlong 35 (1770), Senggesang, son of the Lesser Jinchuan chieftain Zewang, rebelled, attacked the Ekezhi chieftain Sedakela, and besieged his stockade. Tianbi stationed troops at Damubazong and ordered Senggesang to withdraw from Sedakela. With the stockade's provisions exhausted, Sedakela pleaded to relocate to Damubazong. Tianbi and Governor-General Altai agreed to leave a garrison there.

三十六年，僧格桑复圍達木巴宗，並略木耳宗、巴朗拉諸地。天弼自打箭爐出邊，徵省標及松潘、維州諸鎮協兵，行至眠龍岡，賊已得巴朗拉，築碉卡為久守計，且斷我兵路。天弼議襲山神溝以解達木巴宗圍，尋將四百人自山神溝至德爾密，克碉七，賊竄走；再進取畢旺拉，賊乘霧來犯，土兵驚潰，德爾密、畢旺拉皆陷。天弼疏請罪，上以天弼所將兵本少，總督阿爾泰不預策應援，宥其罪，諭以「當奪勉。再不努力，獲罪滋重矣」。天弼復將五百人自木坪陟堯磧，順山攻甲金達對面山梁，取碉二。天弼以鄂克什牛廠當要道，分兵殲守廠賊，駐軍其地；乘勝上下截擊，木坪、鄂克什諸土司錯壤，要隘皆為我軍有。未幾，賊复襲據牛廠。上以阿爾泰師久無功，奪官。因責：「天弼始終貽誤，與阿爾泰同罪，奪官，留軍中充伍。如更退縮，正軍法。」尋命下成都獄。詔未至，天弼以甲金達山峻不可上，求間道，得溝在兩崖間。會大風雪，天弼率兵自溝中潛度，遂至達木巴宗，擊僧格桑色達克拉；潰圍出，並克木耳宗，迎溫福師與會。上聞，命貸死，留軍中。阿桂令天弼監火藥軍械。三十七年，師克資哩，阿桂令天弼將五百人駐焉。尋予副將銜，授重慶鎮總兵。命督兵赴曾頭溝，進至梭磨，梭磨土婦請以千人從。事聞，賜花翎。天弼督兵攻堪卓溝，自間道出納云達，深入賊境五十餘裡，克山樑三，破碉卡三十餘、木城三。迎溫福師會於布朗郭宗，克大板昭、木丫寨，得碉三十六、卡十六。上以溫福已得布朗郭宗進克底木達，天弼所克不過空寨，疏語頗鋪張，手敕戒之。尋授領隊大臣。

In Qianlong 36 (1771), Senggesang again besieged Damubazong and overran Mu'erzong, Balangla, and other positions. Tianbi marched out from Dartsedo, mobilizing provincial standard troops and forces from Songpan and Weizhou. At Mianlonggang he found the rebels already holding Balangla, fortifying watchtowers and blockhouses for a long defense, and severing his line of advance. Tianbi proposed a raid through Shanshengou to break the siege of Damubazong. He soon led four hundred men through Shanshengou to De'ermi, took seven watchtowers, and the rebels fled; then advanced on Biwangla. The rebels struck through the fog; the native troops panicked and broke, and both De'ermi and Biwangla were lost. Tianbi memorialized asking to be punished. The emperor noted that Tianbi's force had been small to begin with and that Governor-General Altai had failed to plan supporting relief, and pardoned him with the admonition: "You must strive to redeem yourself. Fail again, and your guilt will only deepen." Tianbi again led five hundred men from Muping up Yaoji and along the ridge opposite Jajianda, taking two watchtowers. Seeing that the Ekezhi cattle station lay on a vital route, Tianbi detached troops to wipe out the rebels holding it and stationed his force there; then pressed the advantage with strikes from above and below. With the Muping and Ekezhi chieftains' territories interlocking, every strategic pass fell to our forces. Before long the rebels raided and retook the cattle station. The emperor stripped Altai of rank for his army's prolonged failure. He also decreed: "Tianbi has bungled from start to finish and shares Altai's guilt. Strip him of rank and keep him in the ranks as a common soldier. Retreat again, and military law will be applied." He was soon ordered imprisoned in Chengdu. Before the edict arrived, Tianbi found Jajianda Hill too steep to climb and searched for a hidden route, discovering a ravine between two cliffs. During a blizzard, Tianbi led his men in a stealthy crossing through the ravine, reached Damubazong, and struck Senggesang and Sedakela; broke out of the encirclement, also captured Mu'erzong, and linked up with Wenfu's army. When word reached the emperor, he commuted the death sentence and kept Tianbi with the army. Agui put Tianbi in charge of gunpowder and ordnance. In Qianlong 37 (1772), after the army captured Zili, Agui ordered Tianbi to garrison the place with five hundred men. He was soon granted vice general's rank and appointed regional commander of Chongqing. He was ordered to lead troops to Zengtougou and on to Suomo, where the Suomo chieftainess offered a thousand warriors to follow him. When this was reported, the emperor awarded him a peacock feather. Tianbi assaulted Kanzhuogou, emerging by a hidden route at Nayunda and penetrating more than fifty li into enemy territory. He took three ridges and destroyed over thirty watchtower blockhouses and three wooden forts. He linked up with Wenfu at Bulangguozong, captured Dabanzhai and Muyazhai, and took thirty-six watchtowers and sixteen blockhouses. The emperor noted that Wenfu had already taken Bulangguozong and advanced to capture Dimuda, while Tianbi had seized only empty stockades; his memorial overstated the achievement, and the emperor personally admonished him. He was soon appointed Lead Commissioner.

三十八年，復為四川提督。時小金川已定，溫福督師進討大金川，令天弼以五百人守底木達。溫福進駐木果木，號大營；底木達當賊來路，為要隘。溫福檄三百人益大營，又去其後援。時溫福以軍屢勝，不以賊為意。金川頭人七圖葛拉爾思甲布等以千餘人詐降，溫福使與廝養雜處，因誘諸降人為變，諗底木達兵弱無後援，六月乙丑朔，潛自山後擁眾攻底木達，天弼率所部二百人抽刀力戰，至夜半，賊以鳥槍數百環擊，殺之。越九日，劫大營，溫福亦死焉。上先命天弼駐丹壩，旋命移駐布朗郭宗，軍中傳賊來犯。時天弼方屯美諾，上命奪官逮治。總督劉秉恬疏言：「天弼自美諾馳赴底木達，途遇賊，右脅中槍死。」仍以貽誤軍事籍其家，戍其子舉人聯伊犁。

In Qianlong 38 (1773), he was again appointed Regional Commander of Sichuan. Lesser Jinchuan had by then been pacified. Wenfu led the advance against Greater Jinchuan and ordered Tianbi to hold Dimuda with five hundred men. Wenfu advanced to Muguomu, designated the Great Camp; Dimuda lay on the enemy's line of approach and was a vital pass. Wenfu requisitioned three hundred of Tianbi's men for the Great Camp, stripping him of his rear support. Wenfu, flush with repeated victories, paid the enemy little heed. The Jinchuan headmen Qitu Gela'ersijia and others feigned surrender with over a thousand men. Wenfu quartered them among the servants, then incited the surrendered men to revolt. Learning that Dimuda was thinly held and unsupported, on the first day of the sixth month they secretly massed behind the hills and struck Dimuda. Tianbi led his two hundred men in a desperate blade fight. By midnight the rebels ringed them with hundreds of muskets and killed him. Nine days later they overran the Great Camp, and Wenfu was killed as well. The emperor had first ordered Tianbi to garrison Danba, then to move to Bulangguozong. Rumors spread through camp that the enemy was coming. Tianbi was then encamped at Meinuo. The emperor ordered him stripped of rank and arrested. Governor-General Liu Bingtian reported: "Tianbi galloped from Meinuo toward Dimuda, met the enemy on the road, took a musket ball in the right side, and died." Nevertheless, for military negligence his property was confiscated and his son, the juren Lian, was exiled to Yili.

金川既平，獲七圖葛拉爾思甲布，傳送熱河行在，廷訊，具言天弼死事時力戰狀，乃赦聯還，授內閣中書。

After Jinchuan was pacified, Qitu Gela'ersijia was captured and brought to the emperor at Rehe. At court interrogation he testified fully to Tianbi's fierce fighting at the moment of death. Lian was pardoned and allowed to return, and was appointed Secretary of the Grand Secretariat.

柴大紀，浙江江山人。自武進士授福建守備。累擢至海壇鎮總兵，移台灣鎮。乾隆五十一年十一月，林爽文亂起。爽文漳州人，徙彰化，所居村曰大里杙。時奸民相聚，號天地會，漳州人莊煙為之魁，爽文與相結，謀為變。台灣知府孫景燧馳詣彰化，督知縣俞峻、副將赫生額、游擊耿世文捕治，焚數小村以怵之。爽文因民怨，夜糾其徒來襲，赫生額等皆戰死。明日，遂破彰化，景燧亦殉焉。傍攻諸羅、鳳山，皆陷。大紀時以總兵守府城，賊分道來攻，大紀出駐鹽埕橋御之，擊沉賊舟數十，馘千餘。

Chai Daji came from Jiangshan in Zhejiang. Having passed the military jinshi examination, he was appointed garrison commander in Fujian. He rose through successive promotions to regional commander of Haitan and was then transferred to Taiwan. In the eleventh month of Qianlong 51 (1786), the Lin Shuangwen rebellion broke out. Shuangwen was from Zhangzhou and had moved to Zhanghua; he lived in the village of Daliyi. Wicked men had gathered in a secret society called the Heaven and Earth Society, led by Zhuang Yan of Zhangzhou. Shuangwen joined them and plotted rebellion. Taiwan Prefect Sun Jingsui rushed to Zhanghua and directed District Magistrate Yu Jun, Vice General He Sheng'e, and Brigade Commander Geng Shiwen to arrest the rebels, burning several villages to intimidate them. Exploiting popular resentment, Shuangwen rallied his followers by night and struck; He Sheng'e and the others all fell in battle. The next day they overran Zhanghua, and Jingsui died defending it. They also struck Zhuluo and Fengshan on the flanks, and both cities fell. Daji was then regional commander defending the prefectural city. When the rebels attacked from several directions, he took position at Yancheng Bridge, sank dozens of rebel boats, and killed more than a thousand.

五十二年春，水師提督黃仕簡、陸路提督任承恩先後赴援。大紀出攻諸羅，克之，即移軍守諸羅。旋以守府城功，賜花翎。上以仕簡、承恩師久無功，授總督常青將軍，渡台灣視師。爽文攻諸羅，自二月至四月凡十至，大紀督游擊楊起麟、守備邱能成等出戰，殺賊數千。爽文之徒張慎徽偽降，大紀察其詐，置諸法。台灣諸府縣皆編竹為城，不耐攻，大紀以忠義率兵民誓堅守。上嘉大紀勞，賜荷包、奶餅，下部議敘。六月，授福建陸路提督，仍兼領台灣總兵。鹽水港者，諸羅通府城糧道也，賊來攻，大紀力御之。上促常青赴援，予大紀壯健巴圖魯名號，參贊軍務。八月，上以常青衰老不能辦賊，命福康安為將軍，仍令大紀參贊；而常青令總兵魏大斌援諸羅，賊邀諸途，退駐鹿仔草；復令總兵蔡攀龍援諸羅，大紀出戰，迎入城共守。上移大紀水師提督，而以陸路提督授攀龍。十一月，加大紀太子少保。上以諸羅被圍久，縣民困守，奮力向義，更縣名為嘉義。賊攻城益急，上密諭大紀：「不必堅執與城存亡，如遇事急，可率兵力戰，出城再圖進取。」大紀疏言：「諸羅居台灣南北之中，縣城四周積土植竹，環以深壕，壕上為短垣，置砲，防衛堅固。一旦棄之而去，為賊所得，慮賊勢益張，鹽水港運道亦不能守。且城廂內外居民及各莊避難入城者共四萬餘人，助餉協守，以至於今。不忍將此數万生靈付逆賊毒手！惟有竭力保守，以待援兵。」上手詔謂：「所奏忠肝義，披覽為之墮淚！大紀被圍日久，心志益堅，勉勵兵民，忍飢固守，惟知以國事民生為重。古之名將，何以加之？」因封為一等義勇伯，世襲罔替，並命浙江巡撫琅玕予其家白金萬，促福康安赴援。

In the spring of Qianlong 52 (1787), Naval Regional Commander Huang Shijian and Army Regional Commander Ren Chengen arrived in succession to reinforce. Daji marched out against Zhuluo, captured it, and immediately shifted his army to hold the city. For his defense of the prefectural city, he was soon awarded a peacock feather. With Shijian's and Chengen's forces stalled, the emperor appointed Governor-General Chang Qing as commanding general and sent him to Taiwan to take charge. Shuangwen assaulted Zhuluo ten times between the second and fourth months. Daji led Brigade Commander Yang Qilin, Garrison Commander Qiu Nengcheng, and others in sorties that killed several thousand rebels. Shuangwen's follower Zhang Shenhui feigned surrender; Daji saw through the ruse and had him executed. Taiwan's prefectures and districts all had bamboo-woven walls that could not withstand assault. Daji rallied soldiers and civilians with appeals to loyalty and righteousness, swearing to hold firm. The emperor praised Daji's exertions, sent him a purse and milk cakes, and referred his merits to the ministries for commendation. In the sixth month he was appointed Army Regional Commander of Fujian while retaining his post as regional commander of Taiwan. Yanshui Harbor was the grain route linking Zhuluo to the prefectural city. When the rebels attacked it, Daji fought them off with all his strength. The emperor pressed Chang Qing to march to the relief, granted Daji the title of Brave and Strong Batur, and appointed him campaign adviser. In the eighth month, finding Chang Qing too aged to suppress the rebels, the emperor appointed Fukang'an as general while keeping Daji as campaign adviser; meanwhile Chang Qing ordered Regional Commander Wei Dabin to reinforce Zhuluo; the rebels blocked him at every turn, and he fell back to Luzicao; Chang Qing then ordered Regional Commander Cai Panlong to reinforce Zhuluo. Daji fought his way out and escorted him into the city to defend it together. The emperor promoted Daji to Naval Regional Commander and gave the Army Regional Commander post to Panlong. In the eleventh month Daji was promoted to Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Because Zhuluo had endured a long siege and its people had fought with loyal resolve, the emperor renamed the county Jiayi, "Praise of Righteousness." As the siege intensified, the emperor secretly told Daji: "You need not die with the city. If matters grow desperate, lead your troops in a fighting breakout and plan your next move from outside." Daji replied: "Zhuluo lies at the heart of Taiwan between north and south. The county seat is ringed with earthen ramparts and bamboo palisades, a deep moat, and a low wall mounted with cannon—the defenses are formidable. Abandon it now and the rebels will take it, their power will swell, and we will lose the supply route through Yanshui Harbor as well. Moreover, more than forty thousand residents and refugees from surrounding villages have helped supply the garrison and fought alongside us until now. I cannot abandon these tens of thousands of lives to the rebels! I can only hold on with all my strength and await relief." The emperor wrote back in his own hand: "Your memorial of loyal heart and righteous courage moved me to tears! Besieged for so long, Daji's resolve has only hardened. He rallies soldiers and civilians, endures hunger, and holds firm—thinking only of the state and the people's welfare. What general of old could surpass this?" He ennobled Daji as Baron of First Rank Yiyong with perpetual hereditary succession, ordered Zhejiang Governor Langgan to grant his family ten thousand taels of silver, and pressed Fukang'an to march to the relief.

十二月，福康安師至，嘉義圍解，大紀出迎，自以功高拜爵賞，又在圍城中，倥傯不具櫜鞬禮，福康安銜之，遂劾大紀詭詐，深染綠營習氣，不可倚任。上諭謂：「大紀駐守嘉義，賊百計攻圍，督率兵民，力為捍衛。朕諭以力不能支，不妨全師而出。大紀堅持定見，竭力固守，不忍以數萬生靈委之於賊。朕閱其疏，為之墮淚。福康安乃不能以朕之心為心乎？大紀嘗奏賊以車載槍砲攻城，今福康安言得賊攻城大車，又委棄槍砲，為我軍所得，足見大紀前奏不虛。大紀又奏縣城食盡，地瓜、花生俱罄，以油K5充食。當時義民助餉，未必遽至於此。但大紀望援心急，以食油K5為詞。普吉保、恆瑞兩軍尚復觀望不進，若云猶有餘粟，則兩路赴援更緩。此時縣城存亡未可知，安怪大紀過甚其詞耶？大紀屢荷褒嘉，在福康安前禮節或有不謹，致為所憎，直揭其短。福康安當體朕心，略短取長，方得公忠體國之道。」侍郎德成自浙江奉使還，受福康安指，訐大紀。上命福康安、李侍堯、徐嗣曾、琅玕按治，福康安臨致書軍機大臣，言：「大紀縱兵激民為變，其守嘉義，皆義民之力。大紀聞命，欲引兵以退，義民不令出城，乃罷。」事聞，上諭謂：「守諸羅一事，朕不忍以為大紀罪，至其他聲名狼藉、縱兵激變諸狀，自當按治。」命奪大紀職，逮問。福康安尋以大紀縱弛貪黷、貽誤軍機，議斬，送京師。上命軍機大臣覆讞，大紀訴冤苦，並言德成有意週內，迫嘉義民證其罪，下廷訊，大紀猶力辯。五十三年七月辛巳，命如福康安議棄市，其子發伊犁為奴。

In the twelfth month Fukang'an's army arrived and the siege of Jiayi was lifted. Daji went out to welcome him, but—thinking himself high in merit after receiving a peerage and still recovering from the siege—he was too harried to perform the full ceremony of presenting arms and armor. Fukang'an took offense and impeached Daji for deceit, deep Green Standard Army corruption, and unreliability. The emperor replied: "Daji held Jiayi while the rebels assaulted it by every means; he led soldiers and civilians and fought to defend the city. I told him that if he could not hold, he might withdraw with his whole force intact. Daji held firm, fought on with all his strength, and refused to abandon tens of thousands of lives to the rebels. Reading his memorial moved me to tears. Can Fukang'an not share my view of the matter? Daji had reported that the rebels used gun-and-cannon carts against the walls. Fukang'an now reports capturing those siege carts plus abandoned muskets and cannon—proof that Daji's earlier account was true. Daji also reported that the city's provisions were gone, sweet potatoes and peanuts exhausted, and the garrison subsisted on oil dregs. Loyal civilians were still supplying the garrison; things may not have been quite so desperate. But Daji, desperate for relief, pleaded hardship by citing oil dregs for food. Pujibao's and Hengrui's columns were still holding back. Had he said provisions remained, those two relief forces would have moved even more slowly. The city's survival was still in doubt—how can Daji be blamed for overstating his plight? Daji had been repeatedly honored; his manners before Fukang'an may have been insufficiently deferential, provoking resentment, and Fukang'an seized on his faults. Fukang'an should share my view, overlook faults and value strengths—that is the way to serve the state with integrity." Vice Minister Decheng returned from a mission in Zhejiang, acted at Fukang'an's direction, and denounced Daji. The emperor ordered Fukang'an, Li Shiyao, Xu Sizeng, and Langgan to investigate. Fukang'an privately wrote the Grand Council: "Daji indulged his troops and provoked the people to revolt; loyal civilians, not he, held Jiayi. When Daji heard the order, he tried to withdraw his troops, but the loyal civilians would not let him leave the city, and he gave up the attempt." When this was reported, the emperor said: "I will not count the defense of Zhuluo against Daji. But his other misconduct—bad reputation, indulging troops, provoking rebellion—must be investigated." He ordered Daji stripped of rank and arrested. Fukang'an soon recommended execution for lax discipline, corruption, and military negligence, and sent Daji to the capital. The emperor ordered the Grand Council to review the case. Daji pleaded his innocence, alleging Decheng had shown favoritism and coerced Jiayi civilians into testifying against him. At court interrogation Daji still argued forcefully. On the xinsi day of the seventh month of Qianlong 53 (1788), he was ordered executed in the marketplace as Fukang'an had recommended, and his son was sent to Yili as a slave.

論曰：元俊、天弼在邊久，熟情偽，習形勢，諸番仰其威惠。元俊戹於桂林，激而欲自白，不得直；微阿桂右之，罪且不測。天弼又見嫉於溫福，驅至寡之兵以投方張之寇，既死猶尚以為罪。若大紀有功無罪，為福康安所不容。高宗手詔，可謂曲折而詳盡矣，乃終不能貸其死。軍旅之際，捐肝腦，冒鋒刃，求尺寸之效，困於媢嫉，功不成而死於敵，若功成矣，而又死於法。嗚呼，可哀也已！

The commentator writes: Yuanjun and Tianbi had spent years on the frontier, knew the tribes' ways, mastered the terrain, and commanded their respect through authority and kindness. Yuanjun was wronged by Guilin, provoked into defending himself, yet could not obtain justice; without Agui's support, his fate would have been beyond reckoning. Tianbi was envied by Wenfu, sent with too few men against a resurgent enemy, and even after death was still condemned. Daji, who had merit and no crime, found no tolerance from Fukang'an. Emperor Gaozong's personal edict was painstaking and thorough, yet in the end could not save his life. In war men give their lives and brave the blade for the smallest gain—yet trapped by jealousy, they die at enemy hands without glory; or if glory is won, they still die by the law. Alas—how lamentable!

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