Volume 330 Biographies 117: Fu Kang An, Sun Shiyi, Ming Liang

列傳一百十七

Biographies 117

福康安孫士毅明亮

Fu Kang'an, Sun Shiyi, and Ming Liang

福康安，字瑤林，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，大學士傅恆子也。初以雲騎尉世職授三等侍衛。再遷頭等侍衛。擢戶部侍郎、鑲黃旗滿洲副都統。

Fu Kang'an, styled Yaolin, belonged to the Fuca clan and the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner; he was the son of Grand Secretary Fu Heng. He first entered service as a third-class bodyguard by inheriting the yunqiwei rank. He was soon promoted to first-class bodyguard. He rose to Vice Minister of Revenue and Deputy Lieutenant-General of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner.

師徵金川，以溫福為定邊將軍，阿桂、豐升額為副將軍，高宗命福康安齎印往授之，即授領隊大臣。乾隆三十八年夏，至軍，阿桂方攻當噶爾拉山，留福康安自佐。木果木師敗，溫福死事，復命阿桂為定西將軍，分道再舉。攻喇穆喇穆，福康安督兵克其西各碉，與海蘭察合軍，克羅博瓦山；北攻，克得斯東寨。賊夜乘雪陟山，襲副將常祿保營，福康安聞槍聲，督兵赴援，擊之退。賊屯山麓，乘雨築兩碉，福康安夜率兵八百冒雨逾碉入，殺賊，毀其碉，上手詔嘉其勇。進克色淜普山，破堅碉數十，殲賊數百。又與額森特、海蘭察合軍，攻下色淜普山南賊碉，遂盡破喇穆喇穆諸碉卡，並取日則丫口。再進克嘉德古碉，攻遜克爾宗西北寨。賊潛襲我軍後，福康安擊之退。賊以距勒烏圍近，屢夜出擊我師，福康安與戰屢勝。

During the Jinchuan campaign Wen Fu served as Pacification General of the Border with Agui and Feng Sheng'e as his deputies; the Qianlong Emperor sent Fu Kang'an to deliver the commander's seal and named him leading-column minister on the spot. He joined the army in the summer of 1773 while Agui was assaulting Mount Dangga'erla and kept Fu Kang'an at his side as aide. After the disaster at Mugumu cost Wen Fu his life, Agui was reappointed Pacification General of the West and the campaign resumed on several fronts. At Lamulamu Fu Kang'an took the western blockhouses, united with Hailancha, and seized Luobowa Mountain; then pushed north and captured Desidong Stockade. Rebels used a snowstorm to climb the heights one night and strike Vice Commander Chang Lubao's camp; Fu Kang'an, hearing the firing, rushed reinforcements and beat them off. The enemy held the foothills and threw up two blockhouses in the rain; Fu Kang'an led eight hundred men through the downpour that night, stormed over the works, slaughtered the garrison, and razed the forts, for which the Emperor personally commended his daring. He next took Sekunpu Mountain, reducing dozens of strong blockhouses and killing hundreds of rebels. With Esentei and Hailancha he then stormed the southern blockhouses on Sekunpu, cleared every fort and stockade at Lamulamu, and seized Rize Yakou. Pressing forward he took Jiadegu Blockhouse and assailed the northwest stockade of Xunke'erzong. When rebels tried a surprise attack in the rear, Fu Kang'an turned and repulsed them. Close to Lewuwei, the enemy made frequent night sorties; Fu Kang'an met them again and again and always prevailed.

阿桂慮賊守隘不時下，改道自日爾巴當噶路入；檄福康安攻下達爾扎克山諸碉。再進，攻格魯克古，率兵裹糧，夜逾溝攀崖，自山隙入當噶海寨，克陡烏當噶大碉、桑噶斯瑪特木城石卡。再進，克勒吉爾博寨。阿桂令福康安將千人從海蘭察赴宜喜，自甲索進攻得楞山，焚薩克薩古大小寨數百，渡河取斯年木咱爾、斯聶斯羅市二寨。再進，次榮噶爾博山。擢內大臣，賜號嘉勇巴圖魯。再進，至章噶。福康安偕額森特攻巴木圖，登直古腦山，拔木城、碉寨五十，焚冷角寺，遂克勒烏圍。

Fearing the rebels could hold the passes indefinitely, Agui swung the advance onto the Rierbadangga route; and ordered Fu Kang'an to reduce the blockhouses on Dazhake Mountain. He pushed on against Gelukegu with grain-laden columns that crossed ravines and scaled cliffs by night, slipped through a mountain gap into Dangghai Stockade, and took the great Douwudangga blockhouse plus the timber fort and stone redoubt at Sanggasimate. Another advance brought Leji'erbo Stockade. Agui detached a thousand men under Fu Kang'an to march with Hailancha toward Yixi, strike Deleng Mountain from Jiasuo, burn hundreds of Sakasagu stockades large and small, and cross the river to seize Sinianmuzha'er and Siniesiluoshi. The column then moved up and encamped on Rongga'erbo Mountain. He was made Grand Minister of the Interior and given the honorific Jiayong Batulu, "Valiant and Loyal Champion." The army pressed on to Zhangga. With Esentei he stormed Bamutu, climbed Zhigunao Mountain, carried fifty timber forts and blockhouses, burned Lengjiao Temple, and at last took Lewuwei.

阿桂令取道達烏圍進攻噶拉依，分其軍為七隊，福康安率第一隊，奪達沙布果碉、當噶克底、綽爾丹諸寨為木柵，斷科思果木走雅瑪朋道。進克達噶木碉二，阿穰曲前峰碉木城各二十。焚奔布魯木護起寨。取捨勒圖租魯傍碉一、寨二，格甚格章寨一，薩爾歪碉寨三，阿結佔寨二。陟科布曲山梁，盡得科布曲諸寨。四十一年春，再進，克舍齊、雍中二寺。自拉古爾河出噶拉依之右，移砲擊其寨。噶拉依既下，金川平。論功，封福康安三等嘉勇男。師還，郊勞，賜御用鞍轡馬一。飲至，賜緞十二端、白金五百。圖形紫光閣，賜雙眼花翎。授正白旗滿洲都統，出為吉林、盛京將軍。

Agui routed the assault on Gala'i through Dawuwei, split the force into seven columns with Fu Kang'an at the head of the first, seized Dashabuguo, Dangakedi, and Chuo'erdan together with their palisaded stockades, and blocked Kesiguomu's escape toward Yamapeng. He took two Dagamu blockhouses and twenty forward blockhouses and timber forts along the Arangqu line. Benbulumu Huqi Stockade was put to the torch. He captured Sheletuzulu's lone blockhouse and twin stockades, Geshenggezhang's stockade, three Sa'erwai blockhouses, and two Ajiezhan stockades. Climbing the Kebuqu ridge he secured every stockade in the valley. In the spring of 1776 he advanced again and took the monasteries of Sheqi and Yongzhong. Coming out east of Gala'i along the Lagu'er River he brought up guns to batter the stockade. With Gala'i in hand, Jinchuan was pacified. For his services he was created third-rank Baron Jiayong. On the army's return he was received at the suburban welcome and given an imperial horse complete with saddle and bridle. At the victory feast he received twelve bolts of satin and five hundred taels of silver. His likeness joined the Hall of Purple Splendor portraits and he received the double-eyed peacock feather. He became Lieutenant-General of the Manchu Plain White Banner and then General of Jilin and Mukden.

授雲貴總督。南掌貢象，自陳為交趾所侵，乞以馀象易砲。福康安諭以國家法制有定，還其像，不予砲。疏入，上深韙之。移四川總督，兼署成都將軍。四川莠民為寇盜，號啯匪，命福康安捕治。逾年，福康安疏言盜已徐戢，陳善後諸事。擢御前大臣，加太子太保。召還京，署工部尚書。授兵部尚書、總管內務府大臣。

He was made Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou. Lan Xang sent tribute elephants, claiming harassment by Annam and asking to trade their spare beasts for cannon. Fu Kang'an told them imperial law allowed no such barter, returned the elephants, and refused the guns. The memorial reached the throne and won the Emperor's warm approval. He moved to Sichuan as governor-general and also acted as General of Chengdu. Sichuan's rowdies had turned bandit under the name Gufei, and Fu Kang'an was ordered to suppress them. A year later he reported the brigands largely subdued and laid out plans for lasting order. He was raised to Grand Minister in Attendance with the honorary rank Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Recalled to Beijing, he served as acting Minister of Works. He became Minister of War and Superintendent of the Imperial Household.

四十九年，甘肅回田五等立新教，糾眾為亂。授參贊大臣，從將軍阿桂討賊。旋授陝甘總督。師至隆德，田五之徒馬文熹出降。攻雙峴賊卡，賊拒戰，阿桂令海蘭察設伏，福康安往來督戰，殲賊數千，遂破石峰堡，擒其渠。以功，進封嘉勇侯。轉戶、吏二部尚書，協辦大學士。

In 1784 Tian Wu and other Gansu Muslims founded a new sect and raised a revolt. He was named Participating Minister and marched with General Agui against the rebels. Soon afterward he became Governor-General of Shaanxi and Gansu. At Longde Ma Wenxi, one of Tian Wu's lieutenants, surrendered. At Shuangxian the rebels stood firm until Agui sent Hailancha into ambush while Fu Kang'an directed the assault, killing thousands, storming Shifeng Fort, and taking its chieftain. For these deeds he was promoted to Marquis Jiayong. He served as Minister of Revenue and of Personnel and as Associate Grand Secretary.

五十二年，台灣林爽文為亂，命福康安為將軍，而以海蘭察為參贊大臣，督師討之。時諸羅被圍久，福建水師提督柴大紀堅守。上褒大紀，改諸羅為嘉義，以旌其功。陸路提督蔡攀龍督兵赴援，圍未解。福康安師至，道新埤，援嘉義，與賊戰崙仔頂，克俾長等十馀莊。會日暮，雨大至，福康安令駐師土山巔，賊經山下，昏黑無所見，發銃仰擊。福康安戒諸軍士毋動。既曙，雨霽，海蘭察已自他道入，師與會，圍解。進一等嘉勇公，賜紅寶石帽頂、四團龍補服。

In 1787 Lin Shuangwen rose in Taiwan; Fu Kang'an was made commander-in-chief with Hailancha as his deputy to crush the rebellion. Zhuluo had been under siege for months while Fujian's naval commander Chai Daji held on. The Emperor praised Chai Daji and renamed Zhuluo Jiayi, "Righteous Triumph," in honor of his defense. Provincial Commander Cai Panlong marched to relieve the city, yet the siege held. Fu Kang'an advanced by Xinpi to relieve Jiayi, routed the rebels at Lunzaiding, and took more than ten villages including Bilong. At dusk a downpour began; Fu Kang'an camped his men on a hilltop while rebels tramped below in the dark and, unable to see, fired upward at the heights. Fu Kang'an ordered his troops to hold their ground. At daybreak, with the rain over, Hailancha arrived by another road; the columns united and the siege was broken. He was raised to first-rank Duke Jiayong and given a ruby court hat finial and a four-dragon roundel surcoat.

大紀以方在圍中，謁福康安未具櫜鞬禮，福康安銜之，疏論大紀骫法、牟利諸罪狀，並及攀龍陳戰狀不實。上以大紀困危城久，攀龍亦有勞，意右之，詔謂「二人或稍涉自滿，在福康安前禮節不謹，為所憎，遂直揭其短」，戒福康安宜存大臣體。然大紀卒以是坐死。時論冤大紀，亦深非福康安嫉能，不若傅恆遠也。福康安复劾攀龍，左遷；而福州將軍恆瑞師逗遛不進，福康安與有連，力庇之，詔亦斥其私。

Still fresh from the siege, Chai Daji called on Fu Kang'an without the full ceremonial deference owed a commander; Fu Kang'an took offense and memorialized Daji for bending regulations and profiteering, while accusing Panlong of falsifying battle reports. The Emperor, mindful that Daji had held a doomed city for months and Panlong had fought hard, sided with them, decreeing that "both men may have grown a little proud and were careless in courtesy before Fu Kang'an, who took dislike to them and aired their faults openly," and warned Fu Kang'an to act with the magnanimity of a senior minister. Chai Daji was nonetheless executed on these charges. Public opinion held Chai Daji's death a miscarriage of justice and faulted Fu Kang'an for envy of able men, a pettiness far beneath his father Fu Heng's stature. Fu Kang'an impeached Panlong again and had him demoted; while Fuzhou General Heng Rui dawdled on the march yet Fu Kang'an, tied to him by patronage, shielded him vigorously until the throne rebuked this favoritism as well.

福康安既解嘉義圍，令海蘭察督兵追捕爽文，檻致京師；復得副賊莊大田。台灣平，賜黃腰帶、紫韁、金黃辮珊瑚朝珠。命台灣、嘉義皆建生祠塑像，再圖形紫光閣。疏請募熟番補屯丁，並陳善後諸事，要在習戎事，除奸民，清吏治，肅郵政，上悉從之。旋授閩浙總督。

Once Jiayi was relieved Fu Kang'an sent Hailancha to hunt down Lin Shuangwen and bring him to Beijing in a cage; and also seized the rebel lieutenant Zhuang Datian. With Taiwan pacified he received a yellow waist belt, purple bridle reins, and golden-braided coral court beads. Living shrines with his statue were ordered in Taiwan and Jiayi, and his portrait again entered the Hall of Purple Splendor. He asked to recruit assimilated aborigines as garrison troops and outlined postwar reforms: military drill, rooting out bad elements, clean government, and reliable post roads, all of which the Emperor approved. He was soon made Governor-General of Fujian and Zhejiang.

五十四年，安南阮惠攻黎城，孫士毅師退。上移福康安兩廣總督，詔未至，福康安疏請往蒞其事。上獎福康安忠，謂：「大臣視國如家，休戚相關，當若此也。」惠更名光平，乞輸款，福康安為疏陳，請罷兵，上允之。御史和琳劾湖北按察使李天培為福康安致木材，令湖廣糧船運京師，福康安疏請罪。上手詔謂阮光平方入朝，特寬之；命奪職留任，仍罰總督俸三年、公俸十年。五十五年，福康安率光平朝京師，以獲盜免罰總督俸。

In 1789 Nguyen Hue of Annam stormed the Le capital and Sun Shiyi's expedition withdrew. The court named him Governor-General of the Two Guangs, and before the edict even arrived he volunteered to take personal charge of the crisis. The Emperor praised his loyalty, saying, "A great minister treats the realm as his own household and shares its fortunes; this is how it should be." Hue took the name Quang To and sued for peace; Fu Kang'an memorialized to end the war, and the Emperor agreed. Censor Helin charged that Hubei Surveillance Commissioner Li Tianpei had shipped building timber for Fu Kang'an on Huguang grain barges bound for the capital; Fu Kang'an submitted himself for punishment. The Emperor wrote in his own hand that because Nguyen Quang To had just presented himself at court, he would show special leniency; stripped him of rank but kept him in office, fining three years of governor-general pay and ten years of ducal stipend. In 1790 he escorted Quang To to Beijing, and the governor-general salary fine was waived after he helped capture bandits.

五十六年，廓爾喀侵後藏，命福康安為將軍，仍以海蘭察為參贊大臣，督師討之，免罰公俸。五十七年三月，福康安師出青海，初春草未盛，馬瘠，糧不給，督諸軍速進。行四十日，至前藏，自第理浪古如絨轄、聶拉木，察地勢，疾行向宗喀，至轄布基。諸道兵未集，督所部分六隊，趨擦木，潛登山，奪賊前後二碉，殲賊渠三、賊二百馀，擒十馀。進次瑪噶爾轄爾甲山梁，賊渠手紅旗，擁眾登，令設伏誘賊進，至山半，伏起橫擊，搴旗賊盡殪。進攻濟隴，濟隴當賊要隘，大碉負險，旁列諸碉卡，相與為犄角；乃分兵先翦其旁諸碉卡，並力攻大碉，縛大木為梯，督兵附碉登，毀壘。戰自辰至亥，克其寨，斬六百，擒二百。捷聞，上為賦志喜詩書扇，並解御用佩囊以賜。

In 1791 Gurkha forces invaded Tibet; Fu Kang'an was made commander with Hailancha as deputy, and the ducal stipend fine was lifted. In March 1792 his column marched from Qinghai through early spring when pasture was thin, horses were weak, and supplies scarce, and he drove every unit forward at speed. After forty days' march he reached central Tibet, reconnoitered from Dilianggu through Rongxia and Nyalam, and hurried toward Zongke as far as Xiabuji. Before the other columns arrived he split his force into six, rushed Camu, stole up the heights, took two blockhouses fore and aft, killed three chiefs and over two hundred men, and captured a dozen more. At the Maga'erxia'erjia ridge a rebel chief with a red banner led a mass uphill; Fu Kang'an laid an ambush, let them climb halfway, then struck from the flanks and wiped out the banner party. He assaulted Jilong, a key pass where a great blockhouse held the heights and lesser forts flanked it in mutual support; sent detachments to clear the outworks, then massed on the main fort with log ladders until the walls were torn down. From morning until nightfall the stockade fell with six hundred killed and two hundred taken. On news of victory the Emperor wrote a celebratory poem on a fan and gave him his own imperial purse.

六月，自濟隴入廓爾喀境，進克索勒拉山。度熱索橋，東越峨綠山，自上游潛渡。越密里山，攻旺噶爾，克作木古拉巴載山梁。攻噶勒拉、堆補木諸山，破甲爾古拉、集木集兩要寨。轉戰深入七百馀裡，六戰皆捷。上詔褒福康安勞，授武英殿大學士。福康安恃勝，軍稍怠，督兵冒雨進；賊為伏以待，台斐英阿戰死。廓爾喀使請和，福康安允之。廓爾喀歸所掠後藏金瓦寶器，令大頭人噶木第馬達特塔巴等齎表進象、馬及樂工一部，上許受其降。師還，加賜福康安一等輕車都統畀其子德麟，授領侍衛內大臣，視王公親軍校例，置六品頂戴藍翎三缺，官其傔從。复圖形紫光閣，大學士阿桂讓福康安居首。

In the sixth month he crossed from Jilong into Gurkha country and took Suolela Mountain. He crossed Resuo Bridge, swung east over Mount E'lv, and forded upstream by stealth. Over Mili Mountain he struck Wangga'er and seized the Zuomugulabazai ridge. At Galela and Duibumu he stormed the strongholds of Jia'ergula and Jimuji. Fighting his way more than seven hundred li into enemy country, he won every one of six engagements. The Qianlong Emperor commended Fu Kang'an's service and named him Grand Secretary of the Hall of Military Glory. Complacent after his victories, Fu Kang'an allowed the army to relax its guard, but still pressed the advance through the rain; the Gurkhas lay in ambush; Tai Fei Ying'a was killed in the fighting. Gurkha emissaries asked for peace, and Fu Kang'an agreed. The Gurkhas restored the gold, roof tiles, and valuables looted from Rear Tibet and sent headmen including Gamdi Madataba with a tribute memorial, elephants, horses, and a band of musicians; the Emperor accepted their surrender. On the army's return he was further rewarded with the hereditary First-class Commandant of Light Chariots for his son Delin, named Chief Grand Minister of the Imperial Bodyguard, accorded the privileges of a prince's household guard, given three sixth-rank posts with blue plumes, and had his retainers enrolled in office. His likeness was again hung in the Hall of Purple Splendor, where Grand Secretary Agui gave him the place of honor.

福康安初徵金川，與海蘭察合軍討亂回，同為參贊；及徵台灣、定廓爾喀，皆專將，海蘭察為參贊，師有功，受殊賞。上手詔謂：「福康安能克陽布，俘拉特納巴都爾、巴都爾薩，當酬以王爵。今以受降班師，不克副初原。然福康安孝賢皇后侄，大學士傅恆子，進封為王，天下或議朕厚於後族，富察氏亦慮過盛無益。今如此蕆事，較蕩平廓爾喀倍為欣慰。」陽布，廓爾喀都城；拉特納巴都爾等，其渠名也。五十八年，疏陳西藏善後十八事，詔從之。

Fu Kang'an first saw action in Jinchuan and later joined Hailancha against the Muslim rebels, in both cases as deputy commander; in the Taiwan and Gurkha campaigns he held sole command with Hailancha as his deputy, and for these victories he earned exceptional honors. The Emperor wrote in his own hand: "Had Fu Kang'an taken Yangbu and captured Ratanabhadur and Badursa, a royal enfeoffment would have been his due. As it is, he accepted surrender and withdrew, and so has not met the original aim. Yet Fu Kang'an is Empress Xiaoxian's nephew and Fu Heng's son; raising him to a princedom might invite talk that I favor my in-laws, and the Fuca themselves would worry that too much honor invites harm. To bring the matter to this conclusion gives Me twice the satisfaction of a mere conquest of Nepal." Yangbu was the Gurkha capital; Ratanabhadur and the rest were their leaders' names. In 1793 he submitted eighteen proposals for securing Tibet after the war, and the court adopted them.

安南國王阮光平卒，上慮其國且亂，命福康安如廣西。福康安母卒於京師，令在任守制。福康安途中病，命御醫往視。福康安疏言：「安南無事，乞還京師，冀得廬墓數日。」詔許之，加封嘉勇忠銳公。移四川總督。旋又率金川土司入覲。恆秀時為吉林將軍，以採參虧庫帑累民，命福康安蒞讞，擬罪輕，上責福康安袒戚誼。复移雲貴總督。方寒，賜御服黑狐大腿褂。

When Nguyen Quang To, king of Annam, died, the Emperor feared unrest there and sent Fu Kang'an to Guangxi. His mother died in Beijing, but he was permitted to remain in office while observing mourning. He fell ill en route, and an imperial physician was sent to treat him. Fu Kang'an reported that Annam was calm and asked to return to the capital for even a few days at his mother's grave. The Emperor agreed and further created him Duke Jia Yong Zhong Rui. He was appointed governor-general of Sichuan. Shortly afterward he escorted the Jinchuan chieftains to court. Hengxiu, then governor-general of Jilin, had ruined the treasury and oppressed the people through ginseng monopolies; Fu Kang'an was assigned to judge the case but recommended leniency, and the Emperor accused him of shielding a relative. He was then moved to the Yunnan-Guizhou post. With winter coming on, the Emperor gave him an imperial black-fox surcoat.

六十年，貴州苗石柳鄧，湖南苗吳半生、石三保等為亂，命福康安討之。柳鄧圍正大營、嗅腦營、松桃廳三城，福康安師至，力戰，次第解三城圍，賜三眼花翎。福康安率貴州兵破老虎岩賊寨，诇得柳鄧踪跡。和琳時為四川總督，將四川兵來會，攻滿華寨，焚賊寨四十。柳鄧入湖北，投三保，三保方圍永綏廳，福康安督兵赴援。師當渡，賊築卡拒守。分兵出上流，縛筏，縱民牧牛，設伏；待賊至掠牛，伏起，奪賊船，所縛筏亦順流至，師盡濟。攻石花寨，越得拉山戰，殺賊甚眾，令總兵花連布間道援永綏，師從之，戰三日，圍解。

In 1795 Shi Liudeng of Guizhou and Wu Bansheng and Shi Sanbao of Hunan led Miao revolts, and Fu Kang'an was sent to crush them. Liudeng had invested Zhengda Camp, Xiunao Camp, and Songtao; Fu Kang'an fought hard to relieve all three in succession and received the triple-eyed peacock plume. He led Guizhou troops against the Tiger Rock stronghold and traced Liudeng's movements. Helin, then governor of Sichuan, marched up with Sichuan forces, stormed Manhua Stockade, and burned forty rebel camps. Liudeng fled into Hubei to join Sanbao, who was besieging Yongshou; Fu Kang'an hurried troops to the rescue. At the river crossing the rebels had thrown up fortified barriers. He sent a detachment upstream to prepare rafts, allowed farmers to graze cattle as bait, and set an ambush; when the rebels came to rustle the cattle the ambush struck, seized their boats, and the prepared rafts floated down on the current so that the entire force crossed. At Shihua Stockade and Yuedela Mountain he inflicted heavy losses, then sent General Hua Lianbu by a flank route to Yongshou while the main column followed; three days of fighting broke the siege.

進次竹子山，賊屯蘭草坪西北崖，以板為寨，樹旗東南山闕；乃設伏對山，仍督兵若將自山闕入。賊來戰，伏兵發砲，賊潰，退保瑯木陀山；再進，克之。山西為登高坡，與黃瓜山對，分兵出五道，冒風雨克黃瓜山，焚寨五十六；攻蒩麻寨，奪大小喇耳山，焚寨四十。半生、三保悉眾拒戰，分兵攻雷公山，阻其援兵，擊破西樑上中下三寨。再進至大烏草河，循河克沙兜寨、盤基坳山；戰於板登塞，再戰於雷公灘，賊屢敗。取右哨營，渡河，於群山中越險，進克馬蝗衝等大小寨五十。至狗腦坡，山益險，兵皆附葛藤，冒矢石，行陟其巔，破賊寨；再進，克蝦蟆峒、烏龍巖。攻茶它，降者七十馀寨。上移福康安閩浙總督，進封貝子。

Advancing to Bamboo Mountain, he found rebels on the northwest cliffs of Lanping Meadow behind plank palisades, with banners planted at the southeastern pass; he hid troops on the opposite slope while still feigning an assault through the pass. When the rebels engaged, the hidden guns opened fire; they fled to Langmutuo Mountain; a further advance took the position. West of the ridge lay Denggao Slope, opposite Huangguashan; he sent five columns through wind and rain to seize Huangguashan and burn fifty-six camps; he stormed Qinma Stockade, took Great and Little La'er Mountain, and torched forty camps. Bansheng and Sanbao met him with their full strength; he detached a force against Leigong Mountain to cut off reinforcements and overran the three camps of Xiliang. Pushing on to the Dawucao River, he followed its course to capture Shadou Stockade and Panji'ao Mountain; at Bandeng Pass and again at Leigong Ford the rebels were beaten again and again. He seized Youxiao Camp, crossed the river, threaded the mountains by the hardest routes, and took fifty strongholds including Mahuangchong. At Dog's-Brain Slope the terrain grew sheer; men hauled themselves up by vines under arrow and stone fire, reached the crest, and stormed the camps; a further push took Hamagu Ravine and Wulong Cliff. At Chata more than seventy stockades surrendered. The Emperor made him governor-general of Fujian-Zhejiang and enfeoffed him as beizi.

再進，克岩碧山，焚巴溝等二十馀寨。再進攻麾手寨山，總兵花連布將廣西兵克苗寨四十，賜貂尾褂。圍高多寨，吳半生窮蹙出降。上官福康安子德麟副都統，在御前侍衛上行走。再進攻鴨保寨，鴨保右天星寨，為賊中奇險處，督兵自雪中求道，進取木城七、石卡五，克垂藤、董羅諸寨，賜御服黃里玄狐端罩。旋克大小天星寨。進攻木營，乘風雪夜進，拔地良、八荊、桃花諸寨。自平隴复乾州，盡克擒頭坡、騾馬峒諸隘，焚其寨三百。嘉慶元年，再進，克吉吉寨、大隴峒等寨。戰於高吉陀，再戰於兩岔溪，屢敗賊。賊襲木營，攻擒頭坡，皆以有備敗走。克結石岡，焚牧牛坪等大小寨七十。進克官道溪，再進攻大麻營石城，至廖家衝，奪山巔石卡。夜間，道出連峰坳，奪山梁七。上褒福康安，命贈傅忄互貝子。

He advanced again, took Yanbi Mountain, and burned more than twenty camps including Bagou. At Huishou Stockade Mountain General Hua Lianbu's Guangxi troops captured forty Miao camps, and Fu Kang'an was rewarded with a sable-tail coat. Besieged at Gaoduo Stockade, Wu Bansheng surrendered in desperation. The court named Fu Kang'an's son Delin Vice Censor-in-chief and attached him to the Imperial Bodyguard on active duty. He attacked Yabao and the nearly impregnable Tianxing Stockade beside it, forcing a path through snow to seize seven timber forts and five stone barriers and to take Chuiveng and Dongluo; the Emperor gave him an imperial yellow-lined black-fox formal robe. He then captured Great and Little Tianxing stockades. At Muying he attacked by night in a blizzard and overran Diliang, Bajing, Taohua, and neighboring camps. From Pinglong he swung back through Qianzhou, cleared Qintou Slope, Luoma Ravine, and the other passes, and burned three hundred camps. In 1796 he pushed forward again and seized Jiji Stockade, Dalong Ravine, and other strongholds. At Gaojituo and again at Liangcha Stream he routed the rebels repeatedly. Rebel raids on Muying and Qintou Slope were repulsed because the garrisons were ready. He took Jieshi Ridge and burned seventy camps, including Muniu Plain. He took Guandao Stream, assaulted the stone fort at Dama Camp, reached Liaojia Ford, and captured the summit blockhouse. That night a detachment slipped through Lianfeng Pass and seized seven ridges. The Emperor commended Fu Kang'an and ordered that Fu Heng be posthumously enfeoffed as beizi.

福康安染瘴病作，猶督兵進，五月，卒於軍。仁宗制詩以誄，命加郡王銜，從傅恆配太廟，諡文襄。子德麟，襲貝勒，遞降至未入八分公，世襲罔替。

Fu Kang'an fell ill with malarial fever but still drove the advance; in the fifth month he died in the field. The Jiaqing Emperor wrote an elegy, granted him the rank of Junior Prince, ordered him honored in the Imperial Ancestral Temple with Fu Heng, and gave him the posthumous name Wenxiang. His son Delin inherited the beile rank, with descent by stages to a duke of the third rank in perpetual succession.

福康安受高宗殊寵，師有功。在軍中習奢侈，犒軍金幣輒巨萬，治餉吏承意指，糜濫滋甚。仁宗既親政，屢下詔戒諸將帥毋濫賞，必斥福康安。德麟迎喪歸，將吏具賻四萬有奇，責令輸八萬。德麟旋坐雩壇視牲誤班，降貝子。

Fu Kang'an enjoyed extraordinary favor from the Qianlong Emperor and was richly rewarded whenever his armies won. In the field he indulged in luxury, showering troops with rewards of tens of thousands in gold and silver while commissary officers, taking their cue from him, wasted funds on an ever greater scale. Once the Jiaqing Emperor took the throne himself, his repeated edicts against lavish military rewards always cited Fu Kang'an as the example to avoid. When Delin brought the body home, officers and officials had offered more than forty thousand taels in condolence money; the court ordered him to surrender eighty thousand. Delin was soon demoted from beile to beizi for standing in the wrong place during the Rain Altar inspection of sacrificial animals.

孫士毅，字智冶，一字補山，浙江仁和人。少穎異，力學。乾隆二十六年進士，以知縣歸班待銓。二十七年，高宗南巡，召試，授內閣中書，充軍機章京。遷侍讀。大學士傅恆督師討緬甸，以士毅典章奏。敘勞，遷戶部郎中。擢大理寺少卿。出為廣西布政使。擢雲南巡撫。總督李侍堯以贓敗，士毅坐不先舉劾，奪職，遣戍伊犁，錄其家，不名一錢。上嘉其廉，命纂校四庫全書，授翰林院編修。書成，擢太常寺少卿。復出為山東布政使。擢廣西巡撫，移廣東。初上官，疏言：「廣東海洋交錯，姦宄易藏。惟有潔以持身，嚴以察吏，不敢因循諱飾。」上諭以勉效李湖，湖為廣東巡撫，以風厲有聲為上所深賞也。

Sun Shiyi, styled Zhiye and also known as Bushan, came from Renhe in Zhejiang. As a youth he was exceptionally gifted and studied with tireless dedication. He received his jinshi degree in 1761 and waited on the magistracy appointment list. During the southern tour of 1762 the Qianlong Emperor examined him personally, named him a Secretariat drafter, and appointed him Grand Council clerk. He rose to reader-in-waiting. When Grand Secretary Fu Heng commanded the Burma campaign, Sun Shiyi handled his official correspondence. For his service he was promoted to director in the Ministry of Revenue. He was raised to vice minister of the Court of Judicial Review. He was sent out as financial commissioner of Guangxi. He was promoted to governor of Yunnan. When Governor-General Li Shiyao was ruined for corruption, Sun Shiyi was dismissed for failing to report him first and exiled to Yili; an inventory of his property found not a penny of illicit wealth. The Emperor admired his integrity, assigned him to the Siku Quanshu project, and named him Hanlin compiler. When the project was complete he became vice minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. He returned to the provinces as financial commissioner of Shandong. He was made governor of Guangxi and then transferred to Guangdong. On taking up his post he wrote: "Guangdong's coastlines are tangled and treacherous, and wrongdoers find easy refuge. I can meet this only by keeping my own conduct clean, holding officials strictly to account, and refusing to gloss over abuses. The Emperor urged him to follow the example of Li Hu, a former Guangdong governor whose forceful integrity the court greatly admired.

尋署兩廣總督。陝甘總督福康安議練兵，詔下云、貴、四川、兩廣、福建諸行省令仿行。士毅疏請廣東練水陸兵二萬八千五百三十二人，廣西練兵一萬一千二百九十六人，選人材精壯、技藝嫺習，責督、撫、提、鎮實心訓練；請嚴立科條，以懲積習。上諭曰：「此可徐徐為之，而必以實。」尋還巡撫任。廣東民悍，多逋賦，州縣吏當上計，或以私財應，冀課最，民益延抗為得計。士毅詳覈積逋，遣幹按治逋賦最多諸州縣，自乾隆四十年後，具冊督追。州縣吏以私財應計政者，察無他私弊，以督追所得償之。上獎其能，惟謂：「州縣吏職催科，乃以不能振作，民多逋賦。以私財應計政，不罪其誑已為寬典；若以督追所得償之，將何以示儆？令續徵逋賦當悉入官。」茭塘者，群盜所聚，拒捕傷官。士毅擒其渠，戮以徇。上复嘉其能，賜花翎。兩廣總督富勒渾縱其僕受賕，事聞，下士毅按治得實，富勒渾坐譴。上以士毅持正，即遷兩廣總督。富勒渾疏論廣東鹺政，請增運艘，按季徵餉價，復三十九埠運商清積逋。士毅受事，疏言：「增運艘，當去封押之擾，定經久之規，俾新舊船戶皆各樂從；按季徵餉價，當復舊例，歲終奏銷；三十九埠運商以逋課黜，中鉛山、南康、上猶、英德四埠當先复，清積逋當自三十九埠始。」皆下部議行。

He soon acted as governor-general of the Two Guangs. When Fu Kang'an as governor-general of Shaanxi-Gansu proposed military training reforms, the court ordered Yunnan-Guizhou, Sichuan, the Two Guangs, and Fujian to adopt similar programs. Sun Shiyi asked to train 28,532 land and naval troops in Guangdong and 11,296 in Guangxi, selecting able-bodied men skilled in their arts and charging the provincial and military commanders to drill them in earnest; he also urged strict regulations to break entrenched bad habits. The Emperor replied: "This may be carried out step by step, but it must be done in earnest. He soon resumed his post as governor. Guangdong commoners were stubborn and tax arrears were common; at annual accounting time some magistrates paid shortfalls from their own pockets to win top ratings, which only encouraged villagers to treat default as smart policy. Sun Shiyi audited the backlog of arrears in detail, sent reliable agents to the worst offending districts, and from 1775 onward kept registers to drive collection. Magistrates who had advanced their own money to meet quotas were repaid from recovered taxes when investigation showed no other misconduct. The Emperor praised his effectiveness but observed: "Collecting taxes is a magistrate's core duty, yet because they fail to assert authority the people default on a vast scale. Covering government shortfalls from his own purse was indulgence enough without charging him for deceiving himself as well; If he is repaid from monies wrung out by forced collection, what lesson would that teach anyone? Henceforth all back taxes collected must go entirely to the treasury. At Jiaotang bandits had gathered; they resisted arrest and wounded officials. Sun Shiyi seized their leader and had him put to death as a public example. The Emperor again commended his competence and awarded him the peacock feather plume. Governor-General Fulin of the Two Guangs had allowed his servants to take bribes. When the case came to light, Sun Shiyi was assigned to investigate, proved it, and Fulin was censured. Deeming Sun Shiyi incorruptible, the Emperor promptly appointed him Governor-General of the Two Guangs. In a memorial Fulin proposed reforms to Guangdong's salt monopoly: more transport junks, quarterly collection of subsidy prices, reinstatement of transport merchants at thirty-nine ports, and clearing of accumulated arrears. On taking office Sun Shiyi submitted a memorial: "To add transport junks we must end the abuses of sealing and escorting cargo, establish durable rules, and ensure that both old and new boatmen willingly comply; Quarterly collection of subsidy prices should follow the former practice, with accounts rendered and cleared at year's end; The transport merchants at thirty-nine ports had been dismissed for unpaid levies; Yanshan, Nankang, Shangyou, and Yingde should be reinstated first, and clearing of arrears should start with those thirty-nine ports. The entire proposal was referred to the ministries for deliberation and adoption.

五十二年，台灣林爽文為亂，士毅詣潮州戒備。師行，遣兵助剿，芻茭、器械皆立辦，加太子太保，賜雙眼翎、一等輕車都尉世職。五十三年，台灣平，圖形紫光閣。會安南國王黎維祁為其臣阮惠所逐，其母、妻叩關告變。士毅以聞，督兵詣龍州防鎮南關，帝嘉其識輕重、知大體，命自廣西入安南，別遣雲南提督烏大經自蒙自進。阮惠遣將拒於壽昌江，又分兵屯嘉觀。士毅師至，擊破惠所遣將，渡壽昌江，再進至市球江，惠守備甚設。士毅令陽於下游為浮橋，若將渡；密遣總兵張朝龍自上游渡，出賊後，賊恇擾。士毅勒兵乘筏渡，賊棄寨走；縱擊，賊自投江中死，屍蔽江。游擊張純等亦擊破惠屯嘉觀軍，副將慶成等設伏擒惠將。師再進至富良江，江南即黎城，惠令盡收戰艦泊南岸拒守。士毅縛筏載兵，令提督許世亨將二百人夜過江，掠小舟數十，更番渡兵。黎明，兵渡者二千馀。惠軍以舟遁，張純追及之，分焚其舟，盡殲之，遂復黎城，阮惠走富春。維祁至軍中，士毅承旨封為安南國王。捷聞，封一等謀勇公，賜紅寶石頂。士毅辭，不許。命班師，士毅猶豫未即行。

In the fifty-second year, when Lin Shuangwen rebelled in Taiwan, Sun Shiyi went to Chaozhou to stand guard. When the campaign began he dispatched troops to help suppress the rebels and had fodder and arms ready at once. He was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and granted the double-eyed feather plume and a hereditary first-rank Commandant of Light Chariots. In the fifty-third year Taiwan was pacified and his likeness was enshrined in the Hall of Purple Splendor. The king of Annam, Li Weiqi, was driven out by his subject Nguyen Hue; the king's mother and wife came to the border pass to plead for help. Sun Shiyi reported the crisis and led troops to Longzhou to guard Zhennan Pass. The Emperor praised his sense of proportion and ordered him to invade Annam from Guangxi while Yunnan Commander Wu Dajing advanced separately from Mengzi. Nguyen Hue sent generals to block the Shouchang River and detached troops to hold Jiaguan. Sun Shiyi arrived, routed Nguyen Hue's generals, crossed the Shouchang, and pushed on to the Shiqiu River, where Hue had mounted a formidable defense. Sun Shiyi staged a show at the lower reach, building a pontoon bridge as though he meant to cross there; while secretly sending Regional Commander Zhang Chaolong across upstream to take the enemy from behind, throwing them into panic. Sun Shiyi then forced his men across on rafts; the enemy abandoned their camp and fled; he pursued and slaughtered them until they threw themselves into the river in such numbers that the water was choked with corpses. Brigade Commander Zhang Chun routed the force at Jiaguan while Vice Commander Qing Cheng ambushed and captured one of Hue's generals. The army pressed on to the Red River, beyond which lay the Li capital. Hue concentrated his fleet on the south bank to block the crossing. Sun Shiyi lashed rafts together for a crossing and sent Commander Xu Shiheng with two hundred men across at night to seize dozens of small boats, then ferried troops over in relays. By dawn more than two thousand men were on the far bank. Hue's men tried to escape by boat; Zhang Chun overtook them, burned their fleet, and destroyed them utterly. The Li capital was restored and Nguyen Hue fled to Fuchun. When Weiqi reached headquarters Sun Shiyi invested him as king of Annam by imperial order. On report of victory he was made Duke of First Rank Mouyong and granted the ruby finial. Sun Shiyi tried to decline the honors but was refused. Ordered to withdraw, Sun Shiyi hesitated and did not march at once.

五十四年春正月，阮惠率其徒攻黎城，維祁亦挈其孥潛遁。士毅引兵退，渡市球江，駐江北。惠軍追至，總兵李化龍殿，度浮橋，墮水死；浮橋斷，提督許世亨等皆戰死。士毅還入鎮南關，維祁與母子偕至，置諸南寧。上以士毅不遵詔班師，有此挫折，罷封爵，並撤紅寶石頂、雙眼花翎，解總督任，以福康安代之。方惠追我師至富良江，士毅欲复渡江與決戰，世亨力諫，謂損大臣、傷國體，令千總薛忠挽其韁而退。至是具疏自劾，令駐鎮南關治事。惠尋遣使求內附，福康安至，與士毅嚴斥之。既，以黎氏瞀亂，不堪復立國，遂偕奏安南不必用兵狀，帝從其議。尋召士毅還京師，授兵部尚書，充軍機大臣，直南書房。是年冬，命署四川總督，逾歲真除。未幾，兩江總督書麟坐高郵書吏偽印冒徵被譴，以士毅代之，諭以江南吏治廢弛久，當黽勉整飭，毋徇隱。徐州王平莊河決，築毛城鋪堤堰，賑被水諸州縣，俱稱旨。五十六年，召授吏部尚書、協辦大學士。

In the first month of the fifty-fourth year Nguyen Hue attacked the Li capital with his forces while Weiqi slipped away with his family. Sun Shiyi drew his troops back across the Shiqiu and camped on the north bank. Hue's forces pursued. Regional Commander Li Hualong covered the retreat on the pontoon bridge and drowned when it gave way; the bridge broke apart, and Commander Xu Shiheng and others were killed fighting. Sun Shiyi retreated into Zhennan Pass. Weiqi came with his mother and son and was lodged at Nanning. Because Sun Shiyi had disobeyed the withdrawal order and suffered this reversal, the Emperor stripped his title and ruby finial and double-eyed plume, removed him as governor-general, and replaced him with Fuk'anggan. Earlier, as Hue pursued them to the Red River, Sun Shiyi had wanted to recross and fight a decisive battle. Xu Shiheng had urgently dissuaded him, warning that losing senior officers would disgrace the empire, and had a company commander seize Sun Shiyi's reins and pull him back. He now memorialized to impeach himself and was ordered to remain at Zhennan Pass to manage affairs. Hue soon sent envoys suing for recognition. When Fuk'anggan arrived he and Sun Shiyi rebuffed them harshly. They then jointly reported that the Li house was too chaotic to restore and that Annam need not be reconquered. The Emperor agreed. Sun Shiyi was soon recalled to Beijing, appointed Minister of War, made a Grand Councilor, and assigned to the Southern Study. That winter he was named acting Governor-General of Sichuan and confirmed in the post the following year. Before long Governor-General Shu Lin of the Two Jiangs was censured over forged seals used to levy unauthorized taxes at Gaoyou. Sun Shiyi replaced him and was told that Jiangnan administration had long been slack and must be rigorously reformed without concealment. When the river broke through at Wangpingzhuang near Xuzhou he built dikes at Maochengpu and distributed relief to flooded districts, all to the Emperor's satisfaction. In the fifty-sixth year he was summoned and appointed Minister of Personnel and Associate Grand Secretary.

廓爾喀用兵，命攝四川總督，督餉。士毅自打箭爐出駐察木多，師已入後藏，复馳詣前藏，饋運無匱。以勞，复賜雙眼花翎。五十七年，廓爾喀平，再圖形紫光閣。旋授文淵閣大學士，兼禮部尚書。偕福康安、和琳駐前藏謀善後。福康安率金川土司入覲，命士毅再權四川總督。福康安移雲貴總督，以和琳代之。上令士毅留四川董理討廓爾喀之役軍需奏銷，士毅乞留福康安、和琳會覈，上不許。

During the Gurkha campaign he was ordered to serve as acting Governor-General of Sichuan and supervise provisions. Sun Shiyi marched out from Dartsedo to Chamdo, then rushed on to front Tibet after the army had entered rear Tibet, and kept the supply lines unbroken. For his exertions he was again granted the double-eyed feather plume. In the fifty-seventh year the Gurkhas were subdued and his portrait was placed again in the Hall of Purple Splendor. He was soon made Grand Secretary of the Wenyuan Pavilion and concurrent Minister of Rites. He joined Fuk'anggan and Helin in front Tibet to arrange the postwar settlement. When Fuk'anggan led the Jinchuan chieftains to court, Sun Shiyi was again named acting Governor-General of Sichuan. Fuk'anggan was moved to Yunnan-Guizhou and Helin took his place. The Emperor left Sun Shiyi in Sichuan to supervise the accounts for the Gurkha expedition. Sun Shiyi asked that Fuk'anggan and Helin stay to help audit; the Emperor refused.

六十年春，湖南苗為亂，入四川秀山境，士毅督兵駐守擊賊。嘉慶元年，湖北教匪為亂，侵四川酉陽境。士毅移軍來鳳，戰屢勝，封三等男。賊屯茶園溪，大雨旬日，诇無備。夜擊賊，人持短兵坌湧入，千總張超執長矛先登，斬其魁，追奔四十馀裡。賊退據旗鼓寨，士毅移軍從之。六月，卒於軍中，贈公爵，諡文靖。以其孫均襲伯爵。

In the spring of the sixtieth year Miao rebels in Hunan crossed into Xiushan in Sichuan; Sun Shiyi led troops to garrison and drive them off. In the first year of Jiaqing sect rebels in Hubei raided into Youyang in Sichuan. Sun Shiyi shifted his army to Laifeng, won battle after battle, and was made a baron of the third rank. The rebels held Chayuan Stream. After ten days of rain his scouts found them off guard. He attacked by night; his men rushed in with side arms. Company Commander Zhang Chao led with a long spear, killed the rebel chief, and pursued the fugitives for more than forty li. The rebels fell back to Qibao Stockade and Sun Shiyi marched after them. In the sixth month he died in camp. He was posthumously made a duke with the temple name Wenjing. His grandson Jun inherited the earldom.

士毅故善和珅，病篤，遺書請入旗，高宗特許之，命均入漢軍正白旗，授散秩大臣。尋以幼罷。十一年，自陳廢疾，請以同祖弟玉墀襲爵，仁宗諭曰：「士毅克黎城，皇考命班師。士毅意在貪功，遲延失事，兵潰入關。所奏多有虛飾。朕體皇考遺意，未予追求。今均既病廢，士毅原授伯爵當裁撤，並令均出旗歸原籍。」

Sun Shiyi had been close to Heshen. On his deathbed he asked that his family be taken into the banners; the Gaozong Emperor granted it, enrolled Jun in the Han Plain White Banner, and appointed him a grand minister without portfolio. He was soon removed from office for being too young. In the eleventh year he pleaded illness and asked that his cousin Yuchi inherit the title. The Renzong Emperor replied: "Sun Shiyi recovered the Li capital, but my father ordered withdrawal. Sun Shiyi lingered out of ambition, the opportunity was lost, and the army broke and fled back through the pass. Much of what he reported was exaggerated. Honoring my father's wishes, I did not press the matter further. Now that Jun is incapacitated, the earldom Sun Shiyi received shall be revoked and Jun ordered out of the banners to return to his native place."

明亮，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，都統廣成子，亦孝賢高皇后侄也。初以諸生尚履親王允祹女，為多羅額駙，授整儀尉。累遷鑾儀衛鑾儀使。乾隆三十年，授伊犁領隊大臣，從征烏什亂回。再移寧古塔副都統。從征緬甸，有功。

Ming Liang of the Fuca clan, a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner, was the son of Commandant-in-chief Guangcheng and a nephew of Empress Xiaoxian. He first married a daughter of Prince Yunxiang while still a licentiate, became a prince consort, and was appointed Defender of Ceremonies. He rose to become Director of Ceremonies of the Imperial Procession Guard. In the thirtieth year of Qianlong he was made brigade commander at Yili and took part in the campaign against the Muslim rebels of Ushi. He was later transferred to serve as vice commander-in-chief at Ningguta. He served in the Burma campaign with distinction.

三十六年，兩金川為亂，命以護軍統領佐四川總督桂林出師。明年，桂林師出墨壟溝，敗績，明亮未以聞，上責其隱，奪職。旋授頭等侍衛銜，令從軍自效。時阿桂以參贊大臣代將，令明亮仍出墨壟溝，潛襲甲爾木，奪第一山梁。地高寒，不俟令引還，阿桂奏劾，降二等侍衛銜。復攻甲爾木，乘雪陟其中峰，克所築碉卡，授二等侍衛。尋攻真登梅列，斷賊糧道，遷頭等侍衛，加副都統銜。復自都恭進破噶察、丹嘉諸寨，與阿桂會於僧格宗。阿桂授副將軍，命明亮為領隊大臣。再進，自僧格宗渡河，東攻美諾，令侍衛德赫布等為前隊，明亮繼，逐賊至美都喇嘛寺，圍美諾，戰一晝夜，克之。小金川悉定。

In the thirty-sixth year, when the Two Jinchuan rose in revolt, he was named colonel commandant to assist Governor-General Guilin of Sichuan. The following year Guilin's force marched through Molong Gully and was beaten; Ming Liang failed to report it. The Emperor rebuked him for concealing the defeat and dismissed him. He was soon given the rank of first-class bodyguard and sent back to the front to redeem himself. Agui had replaced the commander as participating minister and sent Ming Liang again through Molong Gully to strike Jiaermu by surprise and seize the first ridge. The heights were bitterly cold and he withdrew without orders. Agui impeached him and he was reduced to second-class bodyguard. He attacked Jiaermu again, climbed the central peak through snow, took its blockhouses, and was restored to second-class bodyguard. He soon assailed Zhendeng Meilie, severed the rebels' supply line, and was promoted to first-class bodyguard with the rank of vice commander-in-chief. Advancing from Dugong he stormed Gacha, Danjia, and other stockades and joined Agui at Senggezong. When Agui was made vice general, Ming Liang was named brigade commander. He advanced again from Senggezong, crossed the river, and struck east toward Meinuo with Bodyguard Dehebu in the van. Ming Liang followed, drove the enemy to Meidu Lama Temple, besieged Meinuo, and after a day and night of fighting took it. Little Jinchuan was wholly subdued.

進討大金川，溫福出西路，豐升額出北路，而阿桂出南路，明亮為參贊。三十八年正月，師次當噶爾拉山，亙二十馀裡，賊築十四碉拒守。明亮攻克第五、第四兩碉。居數月，溫福師敗，僧格宗、美諾皆陷。從阿桂斂師退駐翁古爾壟，擢廣州將軍。十月，師再舉，阿桂出西路，授明亮定邊右副將軍，出南路，當一面。自思紐順河取得里、得木甲諸寨，襲破宅壟，復取僧格宗，與阿桂會美諾。小金川复定，賜御用黑狐冠。三十九年正月，與阿桂策定進軍道，明亮自巴旺、布拉克底土司進次馬奈。馬奈山峻險，河南有地曰斯第，為賊寨障。明亮夜攻馬奈，遣參贊大臣富德自駱駝溝出寨後夾攻，戰二日，克之。再進，次絨布寨。分兵授領隊大臣奎林，以皮船渡河，取斯第山樑木城二。再進攻卡卡角，其前地曰庾額特，山負河而立，危峰護其右，勢絕險，山腰徑隘，賊夾以巨碉。屢攻不能下，於其右築五碉衛餉道。攻穆谷諸寨，賊拒守益力，而奎林軍以乏水移駐深嘉卜。明亮诇得泉，使富德、奎林移軍就之。分道攻斯第，賊前後並至，斷我軍為數部，戰甚力，侍衛阿爾都陟險焚賊卡，乃破圍出。明亮策攻正地，深入不遇賊，慮阻險設伏，未即進。阿桂令改出北路，與參贊大臣舒常合軍攻宜喜，進克達爾圖山梁。賊築十八碉，迭戰克其十五，復自木剋什進次帶石，東取谷爾提，西攻沙壩山，焚碉卡二百馀。賊據隘斷我軍道，別得道出。

The campaign moved on to Great Jinchuan: Wenfu on the west, Feng Sheng'e on the north, Agui on the south, with Ming Liang as participating minister. In the first month of the thirty-eighth year the army reached Danggeerlha Mountain, a twenty-odd-li line where the rebels had thrown up fourteen blockhouses. Ming Liang took the fifth and fourth blockhouses. Months later Wenfu's force was routed and Senggezong and Meinuo were lost. He withdrew with Agui to Wenggu'erlong and was promoted to general of Guangzhou. In the tenth month the campaign resumed. Agui took the west; Ming Liang was made Pacification Assistant General of the Right on the south, commanding his own sector. From the Sinuoshun River he seized Deli, Demujia, and other stockades, stormed Zhaolong, retook Senggezong, and rejoined Agui at Meinuo. Little Jinchuan was pacified again and he was granted the imperial black fox crown. In the first month of the thirty-ninth year he and Agui fixed the line of advance; Ming Liang moved through the Bawang and Bulakedi chieftains to camp at Manei. Manei stood on sheer cliffs. South of the river lay Sidi, shielding the rebel stronghold. Ming Liang attacked Manei at night. He sent Participating Minister Fude through Luotuogou to strike from behind the stockade while he pressed the front. After two days of fighting they took the place. They pushed on and camped at Rongbu Stockade. He detached a force under Column Commander Kuilin, who crossed the river in leather boats and seized the two strongpoints of Sidi Mountain and Liangmu City. They advanced on Kaka Corner. The approach, Yu'ete, was a river-hugging slope with a sheer peak on the right and a knife-edge trail along the waist, where the rebels had wedged great blockhouses into the defile. Repeated assaults failed, so they built five blockhouses on the right to secure the supply line. While they hammered Mugou and neighboring stockades the rebels fought all the harder, and Kuilin's column, running short of water, shifted camp to Shenjiabu. Ming Liang located a spring by scouting and ordered Fude and Kuilin to bring their troops up to it. On a divided assault toward Sidi the rebels closed from both sides and split the Qing force into fragments. In the hard fighting Bodyguard A'erdu climbed the cliffs and burned rebel outposts, opening a way through the ring. Ming Liang intended to strike Zhengdi but, pushing deep without contact, feared an ambush in the narrows and held his men back. Agui redirected him to the northern route to join Participating Minister Shuchang against Yixi, and they took the Daltu ridge. The rebels raised eighteen blockhouses; in a series of fights fifteen fell. Ming Liang moved on from Mukeshi to Daishi, seized Gu'erti to the east and stormed Shaba Mountain to the west, burning more than two hundred blockhouses and outposts. The rebels blocked the defile and severed his line of march, but he found a bypass and broke through.

四十年四月，阿桂令參贊大臣海蘭察助攻宜喜，分兵十馀道攻賊碉。明亮與海蘭察、舒常巡行督戰，克薩克薩谷山梁，達爾圖、得楞、沙壩山諸賊皆潰，並得日旁諸寨，授內大臣。再進克基木斯丹當噶山，海蘭察還佐阿桂。明亮軍進次扎烏古，攻碉未即下，令奎林以砲擊賊，破石真噶，北取瑯谷，移師駐其地。阿桂已克勒烏圍，進攻噶拉依，令明亮攻碾佔。未即下，明亮疏請簡精銳佐阿桂並力出西路。上不謂然，詔切責，乃自瑯谷進攻納木迪。阿桂遣駐美諾兵千馀助明亮。明亮策賊守納木迪，扎烏古備必疏，遣奎林出間道襲破之。自日斯滿至阿爾古山梁，上下二十馀裡，諸碉卡盡下，納木迪賊焚寨走。再進攻日斯滿先取得耳谷，斷賊後路；令和隆武等夾擊，大破賊，還攻碾佔。碾佔為乃當山巔，其北曰阿爾佔，其南曰甲雜。明亮襲破阿爾佔，夜督兵縋下峭壁，陟山梁，盡破諸碉寨，遂攻乃當，賊潰遁。圍甲雜，缺一面當水，賊走，師乘之，皆墮水死。阿桂軍臨噶拉依，明亮取獨松趨正地，降馬爾邦，令奎林等軍於巴布朗谷。督兵與阿桂軍會，偕阿桂疏報噶拉依圍合。四十一年春，命封一等襄勇伯，賜雙眼花翎。師克噶拉依，金川平。時議以成都將軍駐雅州總邊政，以授明亮。明亮以雅州地隘，請還駐成都，陳善後諸事，皆從之。夏，師還，上郊勞，賜銀幣、鞍馬。冬，复率諸土司入覲，命在軍機處行走。四十三年，改授四川提督。四十五年，复率諸土司入覲。

In the fourth month of the fortieth year Agui sent Participating Minister Hailancha to reinforce the attack on Yixi, splitting his force into more than ten columns against the rebel blockhouses. Ming Liang, Hailancha, and Shuchang rode the lines to drive the fighting. They took the Saksa Valley ridge; the rebels at Daltu, Deleng, and Shaba Mountain broke; Ribang and neighboring stockades followed; Ming Liang was made an inner minister. They pushed on and took Jimusidandangga Mountain, after which Hailancha went back to Agui's wing. At Zhawugu the blockhouses held firm until Kuilin's guns broke Shizhenga. Ming Liang seized Langgu to the north and shifted his camp there. Agui, having taken Lewuwei, was pressing Galayi and ordered Ming Liang to reduce Nianzhan. When Nianzhan did not fall at once, Ming Liang asked to strip his best troops to reinforce Agui on the western route. The emperor disagreed and rebuked him sharply, whereupon he advanced from Langgu against Namudi. Agui detached over a thousand men from the Meinuo garrison to reinforce him. Reasoning that the rebels would mass at Namudi and leave Zhawugu weak, he sent Kuilin by a hidden track to storm and break it. From Risiman to A'ergu ridge, twenty-odd li of heights and drops, every blockhouse and outpost fell, and the Namudi rebels torched their camp and ran. Pressing on toward Risiman he first seized De'ergu Valley and severed the enemy's retreat; He then had Helongwu and others strike from both flanks, routed the rebels, and turned back on Nianzhan. Nianzhan crowned Naidang Mountain; to the north lay A'erzhan and to the south Jiaza. He stormed A'erzhan, then by night had men rope down the cliff face, climb the ridge, and smash every fort along the way before driving on Naidang until the rebels broke and fled. He hemmed in Jiaza, which was open only on the water side. The rebels bolted; the troops chased them into the river until all were drowned. As Agui closed on Galayi, Ming Liang took Dusong toward Zhengdi, accepted Ma'erbang's surrender, and posted Kuilin in Babulang Valley. He brought his columns in to Agui's camp and joined him in reporting that Galayi was fully invested. In the spring of the forty-first year he was created First-class Baron of Courageous Assistance and given the double-eyed peacock plume. The army took Galayi and Jinchuan was pacified. The court then decided to station the general of Chengdu at Yazhou to oversee frontier affairs and gave the post to Ming Liang. Finding Yazhou too cramped, he asked to remain based at Chengdu and laid out his plans for postwar order; the throne approved every point. That summer the army came home. The emperor met him with suburban rites and gave him silver, coins, and saddle horses. In winter he led the native chiefs to court again and was ordered to serve on the Grand Council. In the forty-third year he was made provincial military commissioner of Sichuan. In the forty-fifth year he again brought the chieftains to audience.

四十六年，甘肅撒拉爾回亂，攻蘭州。明亮將四川兵自鞏昌入甘肅，合軍討賊。上幸木蘭，覲行在，改授烏魯木齊都統。員外郎開泰罪譴，命永遠枷號；明亮徇協領富通請釋之，未以聞。四十八年，移伊犁將軍，而富通當引見，開泰懼失庇，投水死。事聞，上逮明亮詣京師，獄成，罪絞待決。四十九年，甘肅固原回复亂，大學士阿桂出視師，命釋明亮，賜藍翎侍衛從軍。亂定，授頭等侍衛。累遷鑲紅旗蒙古都統。五十五年，授刑部尚書。五十六年，出為黑龍江將軍。五十八年，移伊犁將軍。六十年，復入為正紅旗漢軍都統。坐在黑龍江令兵輸貂予賤值，奪職，留烏魯木齊自效。

In the forty-sixth year the Salar Muslims of Gansu rose and attacked Lanzhou. Ming Liang marched Sichuan troops from Gongchang into Gansu and joined the campaign against the rebels. While the emperor was at the Mulan hunt he was received at the traveling palace and appointed commandant of Urumqi. The department director Kaitai was condemned and ordered to wear the cangue in perpetuity; Ming Liang, yielding to Assistant Commandant Futong's plea, released him without informing the court. In the forty-eighth year he was moved to general of Ili. When Futong was due at court for audience, Kaitai, fearing he had lost his protector, drowned himself. When word reached the throne the emperor had Ming Liang brought to the capital. The case was tried and he was sentenced to strangulation, execution held in abeyance. In the forty-ninth year the Hui of Guyuan in Gansu rebelled again. Grand Secretary Agui took the field and had Ming Liang freed and made a Blue Plume Bodyguard in his train. After the rising was put down he was made a first-class bodyguard. He rose step by step to Mongol commandant of the Bordered Red Banner. In the fifty-fifth year he was appointed minister of punishments. In the fifty-sixth year he was posted as general of Heilongjiang. In the fifty-eighth year he was transferred to general of Ili. In the sixtieth year he returned to the capital as Hanjun commandant of the Plain Red Banner. He was found guilty at Heilongjiang of forcing troops to deliver sable pelts at cut rates, stripped of rank, and left at Urumqi to earn his way back by service.

貴州苗石柳鄧、湖北苗石三保等為亂，嘉慶元年，命明亮出佐湖南軍，授頭等侍衛，旋以副都統銜署廣州將軍。賊久據孝感，署湖廣總督永保討之未克，明亮將三千五百人以往，至潼川鋪，賊出戰，分兵伏黃金廟，攻賊壘，伏起，賊砲裂，斂入城。明亮令積柴城門外縱火，賊突出，皆墮壕，三日火始燼，城遂破，賜輕車都尉世職。攻鍾祥，得賊渠張家瑞等。戰於雙溝，屯呂堰，賊至，擊敗之。再進攻平隴，破養牛塘、剛息衝諸隘。圍石隆，奮戰，斬石柳鄧，獲其孥，封二等襄勇伯，賜雙眼花翎。

When the Guizhou Miao Shi Liudeng and the Hubei Miao Shi Sanbao rose, in Jiaqing 1 he was sent to aid the Hunan front as a first-class bodyguard and soon after as acting general of Guangzhou with vice commandant's rank. The rebels had long held Xiaogan and Acting Governor Yongbao of Huguang could not dislodge them. Ming Liang marched three thousand five hundred men to Tongchuanpu. When the rebels came out he split a party to lie at Huangjin Temple, struck their works, and at the ambush's signal their gunpowder magazine blew; the survivors shrank back into the city. He had brushwood heaped at the gates and set alight. The rebels burst out and tumbled into the moat. The blaze burned three days before the city fell. He was granted the hereditary rank of commandant of light chariots. At Zhongxiang he took the rebel chiefs Zhang Jiarui and others. He fought at Shuanggou, camped at Lüyan, and beat off the rebels when they came up. Pushing on to Pinglong he forced Yangniutang, Gangxichong, and the other passes. At Shilong he fought hard, slew Shi Liudeng, and took his kin. He was made Second-class Baron of Courageous Assistance and given the double-eyed peacock plume.

是時教匪起，延及四川、陝西、湖北三省，命明亮督兵赴四川，與總督宜綿合軍討賊。二年，明亮自永綏入四川，與宜綿軍合。轉戰，焚金峨寺，破重石子、香爐坪，克分水嶺、火石嶺諸卡。賊渠王三槐出戰，大破之，三槐中槍逸，賊死者萬馀人。复戰精忠寺，俘三槐母。襄陽賊渠姚之富、齊王氏等竄四川，與三槐及達州賊渠徐添德合，勢复張。之富等據開縣南天洞，明亮擊破之，逐賊，戰於大涼山。雲陽賊渠高名貴應賊，明亮與宜綿策擒名貴，殲其從。賊攻白帝城，明亮循江下宜昌，賊來犯，擊破之。逐賊至獨樹，會湖廣總督景安師至，合擊，逼賊入南漳山中。度賊且渡漢北入河南境，令總兵長春屯穀城為備；督兵出隆中，賊北走，擊之潰，賜紫韁。

The White Lotus rising then spread through Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Hubei. Ming Liang was ordered to take command in Sichuan and join Governor Yimian against the rebels. In the second year he entered Sichuan from Yongshun and united with Yimian. In a running fight he burned Jine Temple, broke Chongshizi and Xiangluping, and took the outposts at Fenshuiling and Huoshiling. When the chief Wang Sanhuai gave battle he was routed. Sanhuai was wounded by gunfire and fled; rebel dead numbered more than ten thousand. He fought again at Jingzhong Temple and took Sanhuai's mother prisoner. Yao Zhifu of Xiangyang, Qi Wangshi, and their fellows slipped into Sichuan, linked with Sanhuai and Xu's Dazhou band, and the rebellion flared anew. They held Nantian Cave in Kaixian until Ming Liang broke them, chased the fugitives, and fought at Daliang Mountain. Gao Minggui of Yunyang came to their aid. Ming Liang and Yimian laid a trap, seized Minggui, and destroyed his band. When the rebels threatened Baidi City he swept downriver to Yichang, met their attack, and drove them off. He chased them to Dushu, joined Governor Jing An of Huguang, and together drove the rebels into the Nanzhang hills. Expecting them to cross the Han into Henan, he posted Brigadier Changchun at Gucheng to block the way; He then marched from Longzhong, caught the rebels fleeing north, and shattered them. He was awarded purple reins.

賊屢敗，不能北渡，乃自房縣入陝西境。明亮逐賊，屢戰皆捷，先後殺六千馀人。賊走紫陽，明亮師次白沔峽，之富等與諸賊渠張漢潮、高均德分道竄走，明亮逐漢潮、均德入漢中。上責明亮不當置群盜而但逐漢潮、均德，奪爵及雙眼花翎、紫韁。之富等亦渡江與均德合走漢陰，其徒入城固、南鄭，乃奪職，逮詣京師。旋以軍事急，命留軍自效。督兵逐之富、齊王氏自山陽至鄖西，急擊之，之富、齊王氏皆投崖死，賜副都統銜、花翎。命捕治均德。

Beaten again and again, they could not break north and slipped from Fangxian into Shaanxi. Ming Liang harried them through fight after fight, killing more than six thousand in all. The rebels ran to Ziyang while he camped at Baimian Gorge. Zhifu, Zhang Hanchao, Gao Junde, and the other chiefs scattered on different paths; Ming Liang chased Hanchao and Junde into Hanzhong. The emperor rebuked him for abandoning the main rebel mass to hunt Hanchao and Junde alone, and stripped his peerage, double-eyed plume, and purple reins. Zhifu and the rest forded the river, joined Junde at Hanyin, and their bands overran Chenggu and Nanzheng. Ming Liang was then dismissed, arrested, and sent to the capital. The fighting was still desperate, however, and he was ordered to stay with the army and redeem himself by service. He chased Zhifu and Qi Wangshi from Shanyang to Yunxi and pressed them hard until both hurled themselves from the cliffs and died. He was given vice commandant's rank and the peacock plume. He was ordered to capture Gao Junde.

師進次西鄉，漢潮與諸賊渠詹世爵、李槐合萬馀人，自竹谿至平利、太平，明亮追及於池子山，戰，馘世爵、槐，而漢潮還走南鄉，復攻陷西鄉、石泉，命奪花翎。漢潮入河南境，攻盧氏，明亮赴援，漢潮复走陝西，攻五郎廳。四年，上授勒保經略大臣，授明亮副都統、參贊大臣，逐漢潮入漢中。勒保弟永保先以孝感、鍾祥勦賊無功坐譴，嫉明亮；至是起署陝西巡撫，與明亮不相能，漢潮往來奔竄，不以師應。上徵勒保還，命明亮代將，遷正紅旗漢軍都統。明亮劾永保軍久駐不進，永保言明亮有手札尼其移軍。上為奪明亮職，逮詣京師，明亮方追賊入子午谷，戰於張家坪，殲漢潮。師還，就逮，罪斬待決。

At Xixiang, Hanchao mustered more than ten thousand with Zhan Shijue and Li Huai from Zhuxi toward Pingli and Taiping. Ming Liang caught them at Chizishan, slew Shijue and Huai, but Hanchao doubled back, retook Xixiang and Shiquan, and the court ordered Ming Liang's plume taken. Hanchao crossed into Henan and struck Lushi. Ming Liang hurried to the rescue, but Hanchao swung back into Shaanxi and hit Wulang. In the fourth year Lebao was made pacification commissioner-in-chief and Ming Liang vice commandant and participating minister to drive Hanchao into Hanzhong. Lebao's brother Yongbao, already punished for failing at Xiaogan and Zhongxiang, resented Ming Liang; and was now restored as acting governor of Shaanxi. He and Ming Liang feuded while Hanchao shuttled between them and neither wing moved to close the net. The emperor recalled Lebao and put Ming Liang in command, promoting him to Hanjun commandant of the Plain Red Banner. Ming Liang accused Yongbao of keeping his troops idle; Yongbao claimed Ming Liang had written privately to block his march. The emperor dismissed and summoned him while he was still chasing the rebels into Ziwu Valley. At Zhangjiaping he wiped out Hanchao. When the army came in he was taken into custody and sentenced to decapitation, execution held in abeyance.

五年，上追錄前功，以領催詣湖北從陝甘總督松筠討賊，旋授藍翎侍衛、領隊大臣。敗賊石花街，遷二等侍衛。再敗賊斑竹園、遠安鎮，命以五品銜授宜昌鎮總兵。賊窺荊、襄，明亮與戰敗之。賊欲西走陝，明亮守七星關，賊复折而東，戰於硃家嘴，大破賊，進秩視三品。賊復入陝西境，明亮與巡撫倭什布合擊之，賊還南竄。上命赴四川討賊，明亮以陝西賊渠高二、馬五等將至竹谿，馳赴迎擊。上責明亮不即赴四川，复左授藍翎侍衛。明亮已擊破高二、馬五，复擢三等侍衛、領隊大臣。還師湖北，戰於壽陽坪，破賊渠徐添德，戰於獅子岩、佘家河，破賊渠苟文明，复授宜昌鎮總兵。時湖北賊漸定，上念明亮老，召還，授二等侍衛。

In the fifth year the throne recalled his earlier service and sent him to Hubei under Shaan-Gan Governor Songyun as a leader in the hunt. He was soon made Blue Plume Bodyguard and column commander. He beat the rebels at Shihua Street and was raised to second-class bodyguard. He won again at Banzhuyuan and Yuan'an Town and was appointed brigadier of Yichang Garrison with fifth-rank brevet. When the rebels probed Jing and Xiang he met them and drove them back. They tried to break west into Shaanxi but he held Qixing Pass. They swung east instead; at Zhujiazui he crushed them and was advanced to the equivalent of third rank. When the rebels slipped back into Shaanxi he and Governor Ashibu struck together and turned them south again. Ordered to Sichuan, he heard Shaanxi chiefs Gao Er and Ma Wu were nearing Zhuxi and galloped to intercept them instead. The emperor rebuked him for not hurrying to Sichuan and again reduced him to Blue Plume Bodyguard. He had already broken Gao Er and Ma Wu, however, and was raised again to third-class bodyguard and column commander. Back in Hubei he defeated Xu Tiande at Shouyangping and Gou Wenming at Shiziyan and Shejiahe, and was again made brigadier of Yichang. Hubei was quieting and, mindful of his age, the emperor recalled him and made him a second-class bodyguard.

七年，自副都統外授烏魯木齊都統。三省教匪平，行賞，封一等男。九年，內授都統，遷兵部尚書。十年，進一等子。十四年，加太子少保，進三等伯。十五年，賜雙眼花翎，命協辦大學士。十六年，以輿夫聚博，上聞，不以實奏，左授副都統。十七年，出為西安將軍。十八年，內授都統、左都御史。十九年，复授兵部尚書、協辦大學士。二十二年，授武英殿大學士，進太子太保。二十四年，進三等侯。道光元年，致仕，食全俸。二年，卒，年八十七。宣宗親臨奠，賜陀羅經被。諡文襄，祀賢良祠。

In the seventh year he left vice commandant's rank to become commandant of Urumqi. After the White Lotus rebels were crushed in the three provinces, he was rewarded with a first-rank baron's title. In 1804 he became lieutenant-general in the capital and then Minister of War. In 1805 he was raised to first-rank viscount. In 1809 he received the honorary rank Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and was made a third-rank earl. In 1810 he received the double-eyed peacock feather and was named Associate Grand Secretary. In 1811 he was demoted to Vice Censor-in-chief for concealing that his chair bearers had been gambling when the court learned of it. In 1812 he was posted as General of Xi'an. In 1813 he returned to the capital as lieutenant-general and Left Censor-in-chief. In 1814 he was again made Minister of War and Associate Grand Secretary. In 1817 he became Grand Secretary of the Hall of Military Glory and Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In 1819 he was raised to third-rank marquis. In 1821 he retired on full pension. He died in 1822 at the age of eighty-seven. The Daoguang Emperor attended the funeral in person and bestowed a Buddhist sutra coverlet. He was posthumously titled Wenxiang and honored in the Temple of Worthies.

論曰：福康安起戚里，然亦自知兵。徵廓爾喀，賊守隘，命前軍更番與戰，而設伏隘側，前軍敗退，賊逐出隘，伏起，賊駭走，我軍蹙之入隘。福康安策騎督戰，諸軍悉度隘，遂夷賊屯。其才略多類此。士毅入安南，度重險，寀入其庭。是時諸將多驕侈，士毅獨廉，蓋亦有不可沒者。明亮知兵過福康安，廉侔士毅，師屢有功，輒有齮之者，未能竟其績。立朝既久，躬享上壽，進受封拜，非幸致也！

The historian writes: Fu Kang'an came up through the empress's kin, but he knew how to fight. Against the Gurkhas, when the enemy held a pass he rotated his vanguard in repeated attacks while hiding troops on the flanks; when the vanguard fell back and the enemy poured out in pursuit, the ambush struck, the Gurkhas broke in panic, and his main force drove them back into the defile. Fu Kang'an rode forward to direct the assault until every column had cleared the pass and the enemy camps were destroyed. Most of his generalship was of this sort. Sun Shiyi marched into Annam through mortal danger and reached the enemy capital itself. In an age when most commanders were arrogant and lavish, Sun Shiyi alone remained clean, and that too is a merit that should not be forgotten. Ming Liang was the better soldier of the three and as honest as Sun Shiyi; his columns won again and again, but jealous rivals kept cutting him short before he could finish what he started. To serve so long at court, live to a great age, and rise to the highest honors was no mere accident of fortune!

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